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A stressor itself is inherently neutral It is the way it is appraised that induces either distress
or eustress Eustress is positive stress and comes about when we decide we can cope
successfully Eustress mounted in response to exciting challenges drops off quickly rather than
lingering like the cortisol response does
Besides this distinction between distress and eustress scientists also differentiate between
the threat and challenge responses The threat response is the fightorflight response that
makes you angry or fearful priming you for selfdefense The challenge response gives you
initiative helps you focus and motivates you to confront obstacles Both responses share
several physiological factors such as an increase in heart rate However when you feel
challenged your heart beats stronger not just faster giving you more energy
During the threat response the body is anticipating physical harm and makes relevant
alterations For example blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss due to injury sustained
during combat The body also increases inflammation and mobilizes immune cells to prepare
for bruises and cuts The threat response leads to cortisol and feelings of selfdoubt Studies
have shown that over time the threat response leads to obesity brain volume loss and an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease
The challenge response doesnt do these things The challenge response leads to tenacity
and enthusiasm Experts say that if you feel you dont have what it takes to meet a situation
head on you experience a threat response agree also think that the threat response is
selected when distressed breathing predominates and that the challenge response is selected
when diaphragmatic breathing is retained Use your deep breathing skills to turn threat
responses into challenge responses
would also be remiss not to mention that low to moderate stress levels are natural and
beneficial In fact most excitement is accompanied by a little adrenaline and cortisol along
with an increase in heart and breathing rates We need some stress just like we need to
contract our muscles regularly The problem with the stress response is when it is elevated
chronically like a braced muscle
am asking you to avoid mulling over threats fights and abuse am not however asking
you to deny reality or stop thinking about rising to meet challenges Avoiding what makes you
anxious can suspend growth This is why it is important to expose yourself incrementally to
gradations of challenging social situations Voice that extra comment joke or observation to
your peers to challenge yourself without pushing yourself into panic Spark a conversation with
a stranger Chat up the clerk at the cash register Find progressively larger audiences to share
your ideas with and make eye contact for those few extra seconds Every time you meet a
PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
moderate challenge and succeed you become able to face bigger challenges Assert yourself
in ways you were hesitant to previously and push yourself to gently expand your comfort
zone boundaries
Remember those monkey studies we discussed a few sections back It turns out that if the
young monkey was exposed to elevated levels of cortisol a few times but only briefly
then they developed increased resilience to stress and lowered cortisol levels It toughened
them up Your stress system is just like a muscle you want to push it through its full range
regularly but not for extended periods Undergoing stress that challenges your cardiovascular
and sympathetic system ends up being excellent exercise if you are not defeated by it and if you
can relax afterward Envision your stress system as agile and able to go from to and back
to uncomplicatedly Endure prevail and recoup Be made better and stronger by everything
that happens by remaining fundamentally unharmed
Feelings of Control and Safety
An animals stress is exacerbated when it cannot figure out how to make things better
feels helpless or powerless A rat subjected to small electrical shocks will liberate significantly
less cortisol if it thinks it has some control over the frequency of the shocks Tricking the rat into
thinking that pushing a lever reduces these shocks helps it remain calm even if the lever
actually does nothing In a similar experiment when a beeping noise preceded a shock toa
rats foot those rats had less severe ulcers than those with no warning Because the stress had
some predictability the rats could retain a sense of control
The moral of this story Dont focus on the elements of disturbing events that are
unpredictable or uncontrollable More importantly know that your reactions attitude and
reasoned choice are always under your control Your breathing is always under your control as
well We all have times we are confused and uncertain Do not let the nonlinear chaotic or
unforeseeable distress you Instead take the time to identify which aspects of an unpleasant
situation are malleable This can help take the sting away from the unruly and erratic and help
you turn threats into challenges
Challenging yourself and embracing disorder is great but there are times when you must
feel able to completely put down your guard so that you can rest deeply After the police loudly
arrested my neighbor felt helpless in my own bed This is not ok Do what you must to make
sure that you feel in control underneath your sheets even if it means installing an alarm system
or a thicker bedroom door with a deadbolt The place where you sleep should provide
sanctuary and refuge so you can debrace recharge and think safe happy thoughts
The Buddha sat and slept at the base of the Bodhi Tree because it provided protection and
security He trusted it to have his back Make sure your resting place makes you feel
unconditionally secure
Preventing Scalp Soreness and Other Forms of Hypoperfusion
Hair loss can be caused by stress have a friend who left his ferret alone for two days and came
home to find it covered in bald patches It is common for mammals to lose fur after trauma
The details are unclear but it may be some kind of social signal When chronic stress causes
hair loss in humans it is known as telogen effluvium started rapidly losing hair at the end of
th grade At the time had no idea what caused the sudden hair loss Looking back two
Chapter The Amygdala Cortisol and Chronic Stress
decades later it is clear that it started immediately after having my nose broken believe the
hair loss was a direct response to some form of highintensity bracing that took on after the
injury that caused an outpouring of cortisol
It is cortisol that makes hair follicles thin and fall out it is also stress hormones that make
them turn gray This is why hair loss is associated with other stressrelated illnesses like
coronary artery disease hypertension dyslipidemia and increased mortality Although
genetics plays a role in hair loss abrupt hair loss from an early age is usually caused by extreme
stress By age my hairline had receded to the midline of my scalp farther than my father or
grandfathers hairlines Fascinatingly my hair loss stopped for eight years at least immediately
after started paced breathing Of course only a little of my hair grew back because the
miniaturization of the follicle responsible for balding is irreversible
Another contributor to hair loss is reduced blood supply to the scalp Stress and aging can
reduce circulation and vasculature in subcutaneous tissues all over the head This can cause
scalp soreness In the medical literature sore scalp has been closely associated with hair loss
alopecia and male pattern baldness believe that you can reduce your risk of hair loss by
increasing circulation in your scalp Does your scalp feel sore when you firmly press a knuckle
into it with five pounds of pressure It shouldnt If it does it may have reduced blood flow and
the accompanying reductions in oxygen and nutrients If the exercise below feels sore or
painful you should do it often to improve circulation The intervention is simple quick and can
vastly reduce scalp soreness in less than two weeks Do the following
DeStress Exercise Increase Scalp Blood Flow