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Why tape black garbage bags to outside windows, not between inside windows and blinds? I went store to buy double layer of heavy duty black garbage bags to black out a bright bedroom at night , and spoke with salesperson and his supervisor. They both recommended go outside to balcony and tape these bags on outside win...	What I would consider, is using dull foil (like the insulation foil used behind plasterboard) as a layer on the inside of the glass to reflect a decent amount of energy, and then use the black plastic on the inside behind that to block remaining light if desired. Being careful I have foiled the insides of my windows fo...
Is it safe to put a 120W equivalent LED bulb in a 100W max fixture? I bought a 15W led bulb which is the equivalent of a 120W incandescent. But, I can't find a cord grip ceiling bulb holder rated higher than 100W. Is it safe to put the 120W equivalent bulb in a 100W ceiling socket? <Q> Yes, that is fine "like" /"equi...	If we consider the incandescent lamp glass heating up to 140C in a hot day (40C in the room, lamp 100C above the environment), it will be OK.
What is the purpose of a ground in a GFCI outlet? What is the purpose of a ground in a GFCI outlet since the GFCI is just measuring the current between HOT and Neutral? Does it add any functionality or safety if it is grounded? I've seen it suggested that a ground is not necessary, but I'd like an understanding of ...	The ground means that if any metal parts exposed to a person get energized the current will leak and the GFCI will trip instead of waiting until someone touches it. Protecting equipment : The GFCI does absolutely nothing to protect equipment from internal or external power surges, lightning, or ESD.
Storing drones during the winter Up here in Canada, it can get kinda cold during the winter. And just because of where I tend to use my drone, it can be easier for me to store it in an outdoor (dry, but unheated) shelter than to haul it back to the house all the time. Is it okay for drones (Eachine E520S) to stay outs...	Batteries should be stored in a somewhat warm environment which again should not be humid, in order to avoid any thaw/freeze cycles and avoiding any possible damage that may come about.
Why did a quadcopter in vertical descent appear to lose thrust and descend rapidly? Towards the end of a flight with a quadcopter, I started a vertical descent to come in and land. There was no wind on that particular day so I just came straight down. Shortly after starting to descend, the quadcopter started falling f...	Descending directly down quickly into prop-wash may also affect the amount of thrust due to the air being turbulent.
How low can I safely discharge a LIPO battery during flight? What is the minimum voltage I can safely discharge a LIPO battery during a flight? For example, if I have a 3S LIPO battery, should I be aiming to land my RC plane before the battery gets below a certain voltage? Related to that, is it the voltage under loa...	I’ve seen estimates that say you should stop discharging when each cell in the battery reaches 3.3V as the lowest value. If it gets close to 10V, time to think about landing.
What does the C rating on a LiPo battery mean? I see LIPO batteries specify a C rating on the label. What does that stand for and how does it affect the performance of the battery? <Q> The C rating is a multiplier that dictates discharge. <S> You can figure out the maximum theoretical discharge by multiplying the C ...	C-Rating is an indicator of the continuous discharge rate of a LiPo. It tells you how fast the battery can be discharged.
How can I reverse the direction of a brushless motor? I have a brushless motor on my RC plane. After connecting it to an ESC and testing it I've found that it is spinning in the wrong direction. How can I reverse the direction the prop is spinning? <Q> Swapping any two of the wires connecting a brushless DC motor to i...	:Swap any pair of wires running to the ESC.Software configuration for the ESC (a BLHeli Configurator tool) and swap the Normal/Reversed state.
What's the advantage of props in VS props out? I've heard that the quad will handle better if you reverse the propeller direction (props out), but is the difference noticeable? Especially for a relatively new pilot. Should you use props out from the beginning if you aren't used to one or the other yet? Are there more ...	In hybrid configurations, there are some very minor advantages of the rear props having cleaner air available in props-out configurations, and there are a few mixer edge cases with one corner at maximum commanded thrust where the yaw input matches better, but similar ones in turns where it's not as ideal.
How to know if a place is a no-drone zone in the UK? I live in the UK and often hear that a lot of places are "no-drone zones" meaning flying a drone there could get you a penalty. Is there any database for these zones as often signage isn't clear? <Q> There are two considerations on whether you can fly somewhere - ai...	Whilst, not an official source, this website: https://www.noflydrones.co.uk/ (no affiliation) provides a community update list of restricted places but to be sure it is usually better to search for the specific place to see if you can fly there.
New Prebuilt Drone flipping on takeoff I have a small quadcopter drone, immediately on takeoff it flips upside down, this happens all the time. What could be a potential problem? Edit: It is prebuilt and bought from a shop and has never flown <Q> There are several things that can be causing this with different likeli...	The next thing to check is that all of your motors are working correctly.
What should I keep in mind when picking my first drone? While I don't know much about drones yet, I've seen people use them to make awesome photographs and videos, and I want to be able to do that too. Since I've never flown a drone, I'm looking for a drone that I can use to learn how to fly, it should probably also b...	The very first drone I would recommend to someone is a cheap drone that can be used to learn to fly.
What is the advantage of SBUS over IBUS? Flight controllers have to implement an inverter to process the SBUS signal. Why is SBUS not just uninverted? <Q> SBUS and IBUS are both digital protocols and for a digital protocol, you define two voltage values to represent an active state and one inactive state. <S> This is d...	The inversion is due to the electrical design of the receiver. There are small budget SBUS receivers that outperform their IBUS equivalents, otherwise, I consider IBUS to be a superior protocol because it doesn't require inversion...
r-xsr won't bind to qx7s I'm trying to bind an r-xsr to a qx7s, but the receiver shows a solid red, green and blue light and won't bind. I have updated the receiver to version 2.1.0 LBT and the transmitter to the EU version of OpenTX 2.3.7. Is there a known problem with any of this firmware, or is there another probl...	Another potential cause for not being able to bind is having a different radio firmware on the receiver vs the transmitter module.
Why do higher voltage batteries need lower KV motors? I've noticed that higher voltage batteries need lower KV motors, why is this? <Q> They don't necessarily , however a given amount of power will be required to rotate a motor at a certain RPM with a given propeller. <S> kV, the voltage constant of a motor, is the ...	Effectively a motor of higher Kv will burn itself out trying to reach those RPMs very quickly.
Why does the video cut out on HX-100 drone? I have a BetaFPV HX-100 drone which I recently got. When I tried to fly it FPV the video feed would cut out and leave a grey screen. The OSD still showed up in the goggles so I'm not sure if there is a problem with the camera or video transmitter. The VTX was hot to the tou...	This sounds like a loose video wire from your camera to your flight controller. Maybe some motor screws touch the windings of the motor or some other parts touch the carbon frame.
USB Webcam Parts for FPV? I have a camera taken out of an old usb webcam. It has four wires attached to and labeled on the board: 5V (red); DM (white); DP (green); and GND (black). I was thinking I could use it just like a 'normal' FPV camera and get a video transmitter for it. However, it has four wires rather than th...	Simpler and cheaper:No, it looks like a digital camera that needs to be connected over USB.
How long does a LiPo battery last and how do I know if it needs replacing? I have an old LiPo battery, how long is a LiPo battery usually supposed to last? How will one know if it needs to be replaced? <Q> How long is a LiPo battery usually supposed to last? <S> Most LiPo batteries are not rated to last longer than...	After a LiPo battery goes past its lifespan, it can't hold as much charge anymore, so look for signs that it doesn't last as long as it used to on 'full charge'.
Why does a brushless drone fly longer? I have noticed that drones with brushless motors fly longer than those with brushed motors. Why are drones with brushless motors able to fly for longer amounts of time? <Q> Brushless motors (aka BLDC) are typically[*] more efficient than brushed DC motors. <S> Higher efficiency eq...	Additionally, brushed motors are generally used to spin smaller props. The smaller package means lighter weight, which equates to longer-runtime.
How do I re-charge the batteries of my S49 drone faster when outside? I have a small S49 quadcopter. After around 10-15 minutes, it often runs out of charge and needs recharging. My charger requires it to be plugged into a portable USB charger or to the mains. I have tried charging using my power bank, but it takes lik...	I use a 6-port 1s charger (there are several options) powered from a cordless drill battery.
What happens when a multirotor runs out of battery mid-air? If I am flying a multirotor drone and it runs out of battery mid-air, what will happen to it? Will it just fall down from the sky or will it give me a low-battery warning? <Q> Assuming that you ignore all of the warning signs that your battery is low, while al...	If the battery reaches the point where it cannot continue flight for much longer (this varies, depending on factors like current altitude), the aircraft will descend where it is in a controlled manner and land. This depends on the drone.
Keep quadcopter steady when taking a video Whenever I take a video on my small quadcopter, it’s never steady. It always bounces up and down a bit rather than keeping level. How can this be stopped/prevented? <Q> I'm going to assume that you don't need your videos to be stabilised realtime. <S> In this case you need ima...	You can also use post-processing software to stabilise the footage. A variation on this could be to try to manually hold the altitude, or to deliberately not hold by commanding a slight climb/descent so that again the aircraft is moving, but in a smooth fashion.
How do you waterproof your electronics? I fly FPV drones a lot in the winter where it is wet and snowy. What is the best way to protect your equipment from shorting out from water? <Q> I cover the ESC, flight controller, vtx, and any other exposed electronics. <S> I find that this also provides some protection from ...	The first step I take to help protect my gear from shorting out from water is to apply silicone conformal coating to all the electronics I can.
At what per-cell voltage should I land? I built 5" quad and I'm using 4S 1300mAh LiPo batteries. My question is: at what voltage should I land? Let assume that I'm trying to land when my battery is as low as it should go without causing damage to the pack. <Q> I start my landing approach when the average cell voltage r...	You can go somewhat lower without damaging the cells, but at that point, the voltage curve starts to be very steep and it is increasingly easy to slip below dangerous levels.
How does one hold the motor bell still when tightening prop nuts? Almost all of the brushless motors used in hobby-grade multirotors have a single threaded shaft and rely only on friction between the propeller and motor to keep the prop from slipping. This means that the nuts holding the propeller down must be tightene...	There are commercially-available tools that are designed to grab around the bell using a rubber band, like this one: You don't need to hold it with a tool, it's enough to pinch it with your fingers.
How to clean a drone? I was just flying my drone when I crashed in some tall grass and there are now a bunch of grass bits all over the drone. How can I clean the drone without damaging it? <Q> I have found that the simplest and probably one of the safest ways is to use a compressor (alternatively a compressed air can ...	I would personally recommend using isopropyl alcohol or mostly any other type of alcohol and using it with a cloth to gently clean the drones shell and propellers off any marks/stains.
When to replace bearings in a brushless motors? When, if ever, should I replace the bearings in my drone's brushless motors? Are there signs that a motor needs new bearings? <Q> Learning how to replace bearings is a skill worth having. <S> It doesn't take much slop in a bearing to add a lot of noise to the gyro sig...	If the quad is a high-performance or cinematic machine, its best to replace bearings as soon as they sound rattly or get free play in the bearings.
Isn’t flying FPV drones illegal accoding to FAA rules? I understand there is First Person View (FPV) drone flying which involves putting on a headset and controlling the drone from the live camera feed, The FAA Rules For Unmanned Aircraft Part 107 state : Visual line-of-sight (VLOS) only; the unmanned aircraft must...	FPV is not actually illegal because that document also states: Part 107 does not apply to model aircraft that satisfy all of the criteria specified in section 336 of Public Law 112-95.
What are the available solutions for creating complex user-defined UAV behavior in autopilots? Most freely available autopilot-enabled flight control hardware and firmware for hobby/consumer-grade UAVs seem to have a rather fixed feature set. There are usually varying degrees of stabilization, position hold/loiter mode...	I think your best bet would be Ardupilot .
What blocks an FPV video signal? I am interested in long-range range FPV flying. What things block the video signal of a 5.8gHz video transmitter the most? <Q> ( sometimes referrred to as the Fresnel Zone ) <S> However, these are some of the most notorious offenders: <S> Tight spaces with a lot of multipath interfe...	Just about anything will block/interfere with radio signaling if there's enough of it in the path between the transmitter and receiver or in the immediate vicinity of them .
How do you build and use a smoke stopper? What is the right way to build and use a "smoke stopper" device to prevent a short or other improper wiring from damaging your electronics? Is it different depending on what voltage you are using? <Q> There are different ways, but a common one is to put a light bulb in series...	To protect against a battery being connected backwards you need to add a diode in series with the battery.
What technology offers the longest range for RC controls? After watching a video demonstrating a jet-powered RC aircraft , I started to wonder about the maximum range available with modern RC equipment. What is the maximum range currently available, and which technology does it implement? On which frequencies does i...	Under good conditions and given well thought out antenna orientations, TBS Crossfire can achieve some truly ludicrous ranges for RC gear in the neighborhood of several kilometers.
Are there any extremely small brushless drone motors? I have seen many tiny brushed drones, about an inch from motor to motor, and was wondering whether it would be possible to create a brushless drone that small. Are there any brushless motors available that are extremely small, ones that could fit on the size of dron...	If the motors are so tiny that threaded holes won't fit the only option is to press fit the props.
Why are larger propellers generally more efficient than smaller ones? In almost every case, long-range drones use larger propellers than other drones that don't need to travel very far or don't need to fly for very long. I have heard that a major reason for this is because a drone with larger props can be much more eff...	For a smaller propeller to generate the same thrust as a larger one, it needs to spin considerably faster because of its smaller geometry.
At what current should I charge a LiPo battery? I have several different LiPo batteries which I use with my drones, many of them are different voltages and different capacities. How do I know at what current I should charge my drone LiPo batteries? <Q> Charging Lithium batteries is a far more delicate process than disc...	For small batteries that have an unusual capacity, charge them at the closest possible current.
How to determine the largest LiPo I can use in a quadcopter? Multirotors can usually operate with a larger battery than recommended for longer flight times but slightly less performance. However, there is a point of diminishing returns at which increasing the battery size will just make a drone so heavy that it uses mo...	Trial and error methods such as adding weight to the current quad may be easy as suggested by @Drones and Whatnot.
Disposing of a drone safely Related: How do I safely dispose of my LiPo batteries? If my drone crashes and I want to dispose of it, how can I do so safely? Is it necessary to disassemble the drone into different parts: motors, batteries, propellers, shell etc. ? <Q> In the UK a drone would almost certainly be consi...	You can take WEEE waste to your local waste handling/recycling facility; alternatively, there are " Take back Schemes " where some distributors will accept WEEE waste.
Why do most drones have upward facing motors? Most freestyle quadcopters I have seen are specifically designed to fly with the motors facing upward and have the arms of the drone underneath the propellers like this: As you can see in the picture ^ , the arms of the drone are fairly wide (as is common in lots of quadc...	One practical advantage is increased ground clearance, reducing the likelihood of a prop strike on landing or take-off.
When flying FPV with a 5.8ghz video transmitter, is an Amateur Radio License (Ham license) required? What are the legal requirements I need to know when operating a 5.8ghz video transmitter like the ones often used for flying FPV? Are the rules different around the world? Is a technicians class amateur radio licens...	If your jurisdiction allows using Ham gear on drones then - so long as you comply with all requirements (usually things like regular ID, no secret encryption and not commercial use) - you would be free to use the power limits and frequencies granted in your licence.
How useful is knowing the torque generated by a motor prop combination? I'm designing a series of small drones for use in a swarm configuration in combination with terrestrial / marine / submarine robots. As part of the process, I've designed a test rig to measure the thrust performance of various motor / propeller co...	The torque a brushless motor is capable of producing is particularly important when dealing with control loops.
Do aerodynamics scale for model aircraft? If I wanted to make a scale model plane that looked like a real aircraft, could I just scale down all of the measurements of the actual aircraft to make a model aircraft with similar flight characteristics? If not, what is the reason? <Q> Most aerodynamic equations include a sp...	Aircraft do not scale linearly, for a number of reasons.
Will LiPo batteries deteriorate outside with the temperature changes due to day-night cycle? I am new to the hobby and I'm concerned about LiPo batteries. I live in an apartment (this is Europe, blocks of apartments are the norm in my country) so I can not put the batteries in a dedicated room or garage. Finding a spot...	However, with the temperatures you gave, the deterioration should be minimal and it is definitely better to have the batteries deteriorate a little than to have them cause a fire in your apartment.
Wired drone using very high voltage? For those of you who don't know: electricity can be "stepped up" to carry the same amount of power over a thinner wire, over much longer distances with minimal losses. Once the power reaches the destination (like your home), the power is stepped down to a much safer voltage. Here...	Stepping up to high voltage AC (for minimum cable losses) will create RF noise from the long antenna tether; this needs to not affect drone control but also comply with local interference rules
Can I use two 2s lipo batteries to power my FPV DJI goggles? The FPV DJI goggles can take 7.4-17.6 Voltage. I am using a 2S 3000mAh LiPo battery. My plan is to buy another of the same liPo battery and attach it with a female to 2 male TX60 connector, making it a 4s lipo battery of 3000mAh(14.8 - 16.8V) . Do I need to ...	If you put two batteries of a different charge in parallel, the battery with the highest charge will charge the other one and very high currents can flow which can damage your batteries.
Could a drone collect a river sample? I know very little about drones, but I'm trying to learn if collecting river samples is something that could be done autonomously using commercial drones? Is it possible to give the drone some coordinates of the river and have it go and collect without further input? Is it even ...	If you've got an operator watching things, ready to take over if a problem arises, a self-piloting drone is perfectly legal.
LiPo 4S battery's output voltage higher than 14.8v I have a LiPo 4S battery which the output should be 14.8v but it outputs, fully charged, 15.6v. The issue is that I have a voltage limit of 15v on a non-drone device that gathers data from sensors. So, my first thought would be to discharge it a bit until it drops belo...	Once your battery is discharged to 15V, it will drop the voltage only by its dropout voltage, so unlike a diode it won't be reducing your efficiency much during most of the discharge cycle.
Transmit video from drone to laptop via WiFi I recently decided to build my first drone and bought Eachine Tyro 129 KIT . It has a 5.8GHz video transmitter - xf5804 which is supposed to send video to 5.8GHz goggles. I don't have goggles and I'm not sure I want to buy it. My laptop (Debian10 Linux) has WiFi that can op...	A possible solution would be to buy a compatible video receiver (which might be the goggles) which has a video output - typically composite, for analogue systems - and a USB video capture card for your laptop.
How do I convert a Word document into a page by page Kindle ebook? I downloaded a very important document in .docx format (Microsoft Office Word format). Is there a way to convert it to an ebook page by page to read on a Kindle? <Q> To convert a .docx file to another format, you should download a program called ...	As far as I am aware, PDF files work fine on the Kindle and can be converted to that form directly from Microsoft Word.
Extracting notes and highlighting from Kindle books Is there a way to extract/export my notes and highlighted passages from books on a Kindle or in one of the Kindle reader apps? I primarily use the iOS apps and tend to mark up books heavily as I go, particularly for passages I might later quote in a blog post or tweet...	If you are a Linux user you can export your notes and highlights by book title using just one command line, like this:
Transferring books between Kindles If I buy a newer and more complete Kindle reader than the one I'm using at present, how can I move my books from one reader to the other? <Q> When you connect the new device to your account, you will be able to see all of the existing books in your library. <S> You can then download w...	You can also do this through the Amazon website.
Is there any software that facilitates scanning of a paper book into an ebook? I have some old sci-fi novels that are out of print and the rights owners are not creating them in ebook form. Is there any software that facilitates scanning and conversion of these paper books into ebook format? <Q> Tesseract is an open ...	Scan Tailor is software that helps optimize the images resulted from scan of books and it is free.
What rights do I have to eBooks I purchase in the U.S.A. as a U.S. citizen? Is there a government or industry site or document that specifies eBook rights? Examples of what I'd like to know include: Can I duplicate the book onto multiple devices I own? Can I duplicate the book onto devices of other members of myhous...	All eBooks are protected by copyright law; eBooks with copy protection (DRM) are in addition copied by the DMCA. It depends on the company -- Amazon, for example, only allows nontransferable accounts.
How to discover/work around a limited number of devices for Kindle ebooks? After reading Nathan's answer to this question , I was surprised that there was a limit on the number of devices you can download book to. I'm assuming this is controlled by Amazon but I would like to find the details on this. If you download...	You should be able to remove a book from one device and download onto another after reaching your limit as long as both devices are connected to the internet, but there's no guarantee.
Is Markdown a viable source format for writing ebooks? I've for some time enjoyed using Markdown to handle straightforward text formatting, image presentation and the like, which I use for keeping notes, or drafting blog content. I'm aware that different file formats can be used as sources for ebooks, but given that Ma...	I think, yes, Markdown is an excellent format to write ebooks.
Does a “one-fits-all” file format exist or should I offer multiple ebook formats? I want to publish my first e-book, but the multitude of available file formats (PDF, ePUB, MOBI, TXT, etc.) is a bit overwhelming. As a result, I am not really sure which format (if any) would be able to reach most readers. Before I opt-...	Tools like Calibre support nearly every format under the sun, so you can choose as many formats as you want.
How well is SVG (being a "pixel image" alternative) supported? I didn't mention it in my previous question because it's an image format made of vectors, but would SVG provide a usable alternative for non-pixel images like illustrations? If, how well is SVG supported by the mass of ebook readers… and is that support...	The ePub 3.0 standard specifically names SVG as one of the core media types to be supported.
How can I put footnotes in an ebook? I am currently formatting a manuscript into ebook formats (epub and mobi). My manuscript contains many footnotes, and I don't know how to handle them. It's important for me that these be footnotes rather than, say, endnotes - they're humorous asides; I need the user to be able to g...	If you're producing PDFs, their physical layout will be honored to a degree, then you can just use a PDF production tool which understands footnotes.
Which ereaders support the EPUB3 format? The EPUB3 format is the "next generation" for the widely-used EPUB format. (the differences between this and EPUB2 are described in this question ). Which devices today support EPUB3? Where can I find out information about EPUB3 support? <Q> Some supported EPUB3 Readers are ...	The Infinity Reader on Android supports fully EPUB3 format.
Is there any way to address encoding errors in purchased ebooks I have found a number of ebooks that I have purchased have some glitches in the encoding. Most often I notice that the pages are mapped incorrectly. For instance, in one case I advance to the next page from 121 and it returns me to 117. In another instanc...	Depending on where you purchased your ebook you should contact their customer service and they will require that the publisher/author correct the issue and issue you a refund.
Big screen dimensions or high DPI for vision impaired users? I'ld like to get my dad an ebook reader for Christmas. Yet, he is a bit vision impaired which means that he only has a good reading experience with bigger and sharper/clearer/more-acurate font rendering. To be sure the display renders the fonts as clear as ...	This may be an extension on your question but the quality of the content is as much important as the device you are getting.
Are there any free open-source custom firmwares for e-ink devices? I'm curious if there are custom firmwares for e-ink devices similar to what Rockbox ( website , wikipedia ) is for digital audio players. <Q> It depends on specific device and its architecture. <S> Those that are built on top of Android, typically te...	KOReader is an ereading software available for several devices and platforms.
Can EPUB 3.0 be viewed on EPUB 2 devices This prior question is about the differences between EPUB 2 and EPUB 3. What is more interesting to me, as an owner of three different EPUB 2 devices, is: can EPUB 3 files, and particularly the book text parts, be rendered on a EPUB 2 reading systems (of course dispensing with...	I just wanted to add that Nook is able to display epub3 files (without supporting a lot of its features) and Kindle Previewer (the tool that converts epub to kindle format) will accept epub3 files for conversion.
Are DRM free ebooks considered a better quality ebook? Many authors, editors, and publishers appear to feel they should wrap a DRM around their ebook. However, a DRM can be removed from an ebook which appears to only cause an annoyance to the purchaser. That said, do DRM free ebooks provide a better quality to the cu...	If you are a reader and want that your device helps you to not violate the intellectual property rights that the author wants to impose on his work than using a DRM book is better, as you will be sure to only get what the author wants you to have.
What are the benefits of Amazon Kindle device over Amazon Kindle app for a power user? Are there any benefits to reading e-books on Amazon Kindle device over reading those same e-books on Amazon's Kindle app on a smartphone/tablet, for someone who is a power user? I'm excluding the obvious hardware differences (e.g. K...	Another benefit, and one I use to advantage is that e-ink Kindles (and other e-ink devices) are essentially designed for one purpose, to enable people to read eBooks.
If I buy a Kindle Paperwhite do I have to get books from Amazon? If I have a kindle paperwhite, am I limited to books from Amazon? Can I purchase or download books from other sources/retailers? <Q> Kindle devices allow you to load non-Amazon files onto them; you can copy them directly to your device using a micro-USB ...	My experience - I use a Kobo, not a Kindle - is that ebooks available from outside the respective stores are usually available in multiple formats to accommodate different devices - e.g. Mobi for Kindle, ePub for Kobo, PDF for computer.
Is there any advantage apart from more storage space when using a memory card in a book reader A lot of ebook readers have one or more slots for extra storage in the form of removable media: SD(HC) cards (micro of fullsize), memory sticks, etc. Using an extra card for storage consumes some extra power, and it is proba...	There is one major advantage of using add on cards for storing books, and that is in case the device has problems with some of the newly added books.
Is it possible to self-publish ebooks with DRM? I've created software to generate valid ebooks from HTML/XML and auxillary files (metadata, cover artwork, etc.) The software produces books in both the ePub and MobiPocket formats and does everthing except add DRM to the book. My ebooks will be in Norwegian. I am awar...	Unless you are planning to market ebooks on a large scale, it's probably much cheaper to go through one of the companies that adds the DRM for you.
Is epub 3 meant to replace epub 2? Will EPUB 2 remain an active standard now that EPUB 3 is out? More specifically: Should all new EPUB development use EPUB 3 regardless of the target platform (meaning e-ink along with tablet)? Are current e-ink devices such as the Sony PRS-*, Simple Nook, etc able to display EPUB ...	The EPUB 2 standard is of course there and stays there and there will be files and devices that follow that standard.
What kinds of DRM are used in eBooks? Is it possible to purchase DRM free eBooks? I am a beginner to eBooks, and as somebody who has been "outside" of eBooks I've only ever heard of Amazon's Kindle and seen a variety of options for purchase on Google Play. I have recently purchased an Android tablet and I want to buy ...	Whether or not a book is DRM free will depend on the publisher/seller.
How can I translate my ebook? I downloaded an important PDF e-book but it is not in English. Is there a software or another way I can translate the entire e-book into English or another language? <Q> You can upload your PDF to Google Drive, convert it to Google Docs (open with Docs), and apply tool Translate to... Eng...	You can use an online PDF translator Online PDF converters and software to translate PDF files directly to English are now available. If the e-book is genuinely important, then obviously use a professional translation service that specializes in book translations done by an actual person.
How to manage translations when self-publishing (in-house translation)? I intend to publish a book in Kindle in both English and Japanese. Right now, I have the English version written in a Microsoft Word document. I would like to start translating the Japanese version soon (while the English version is still being w...	StackExchange are very helpful and for revision control
How much of the power does the screen of e-Ink device consume? On Android smartphones, when you look into Power settings, it shows a neat usage graph, which usually looks like this (my phone has very similar #s right now): ================ 40%+ Screen==== 10% OS==== 8% System== Y% (Next largest program) Is there any...	The easiest answer to your question is that 1% is as accurate an estimate for an eInk device as 40% is for the typical Android smartphone.
How to create DjVu format with selectable text? DjVu is efficient at compression, but sometimes the text becomes an image and non-selectable. Is there anyway to make sure that the text remains selectable? Which program should I use for this conversion? <Q> DjVu files are normally image only. <S> From these file section...	You can also use ocrodjvu with a selected OCR engine, e.g. tesseract.
How to write a presentation slide using pdf I want to create a PDF that can look like¹: This kind of format is good for presentation, since you can reveal items as you read downwards. I would like to know which application I can use to built this kind of PDF or ebook. ¹ The original site is http://www.slideshare...	Creating a PDF which shows (effectively) as a a series of slides is not difficult.
Are there any solar-powered ebook reader? The power consumption of an e-ink ebook reader is quite low. An average user might need to charge it once a month. Even a very small solar panel should be able to generate enough power for it. Are there any solar-powered ebook reader? <Q> Following this article , it looks li...	SolarFocus Technology Company Ltd. has just unveiled one of the most ingenious and practical solar powered gadgets that we’ve seen in a long time — a sun-powered cover for the most popular e-reader on the market, the Amazon Kindle. It seems that there is one in development in Finland: Article .
Does deleting a book from a Kindle account delete it from Kindle devices? This answer: How do I delete a book off of my Kindle account? - shows that you can delete a book from your account/library on Amazon's web page. What effect does this have on your Kindle readers? Does it delete the book from the book list o...	Yes, the book will be deleted as soon as your Kindle syncs.
How to simulate an epub ereader and inspect its DOM? I have an ebook that I'm trying to make adjustments to. When I load it on my Nook Simple Touch, it has large margins, ignoring the settings on the Nook to have a minimal margin. When going through the HTML for the ebook, nothing jumps out at me as causing this larg...	To inspect the CSS rules inside the EPUB file, you can load it with a browser-based reader (for example Readium ).
Can I get an ebook from the library in the United States? I know Amazon has a program where, if you pay extra, you can borrow ebooks. Just about everyone in the USA pays taxes to support their local Library. Are there any programs that allow library books to be checked out, as ebooks? <Q> I can answer in regards to t...	Several places I've lived offer free access to ebooks from local libraries.
How do I remove a book from my Sony Reader? I have lots of space left on my Sony Reader (a PRS-T1), but I also have a few books on there that I don't want to read again (or at all). I am trying to figure out how to remove them from the reader using the software that came with it, but I seem to be missing some vital bit...	For my eReader, the only way to delete things that I have found is (as described by the other commenter) to go onto the eReader itself (not the computer), go to the bookshelves, press and hold on the relevant book
epubcheck error: mimetype entry missing or not the first in archive I have an ePub that returns "mimetype entry missing or not the first in archive" error in epubcheck, even though the mimetype file is correctly placed. How to fix that? <Q> This error can occur when the mimetype is compressed inside the epub zip file....	What can be done is to create a zip file with only the mimetype file inside but with no compression.
How can non-US customers buy Kindle Active Content Kindle Active Content allows software to be purchased and used on the e-ink Kindles. It is however only available to US customers. Is there any way for foreign customers to buy these items? I have heard suggestions such as changing your Amazon account postal address t...	Change of residence country/address to USA has to be done in the US itself.
How can I left justify text on my Kindle? I can't stand reading full-justified text, yet none of my Kindles seem to give me anything else! They all attempt to justify text even when the font size is too large and causes huge gaps between words and other kerning issues. Worse yet are languages like Turkish which I read...	Another possible option for books purchased from Amazon is to see if there's a newer version of the book that's using their newer KFX format, what I think they call enhanced typesetting.
How do I crop out an image from a pdf file? I have an android phone and use Adobe Reader to read pdf files. I have a pdf file that has some images that I want to crop out. I have not found a way to do this using Adobe Reader on Android. Is there a way to use adobe reader to select and save images? or is there any o...	The easiest way, if you have access to a linux machine, is to use the pdfimages command line program.
Under what conditions should I apply for ISBN numbers for digital works? An organization I work with has a few (non English) original works that I will be helping them to publish online and in eBook format. We do hold the publishing rights for these as they are basically compilations of works written in-house (or in on...	While you can (and should) obtain ISBNs for digital works that will be widely distributed, if you are only going to be distributing through a single website and not through third-party vendors like Amazon, iBookstore, Kobo, Nook,
Is it advisable to add sound excerpts to an ebook? As far as I know, many ebook readers may also play music. Does it make sense to create an ebook which contains (internal) link to audio snippets? Does the ePub standard allow it? (snippets would be copyright-free; moreover they should be internal links, so that the ...	In your case, I'd say yes, it does definitely make sense to add the audio, as it is directly relevant and helpful to understanding the subject.
Are there any ebook search engines? Are there any websites that work like ebook search engines, where you can perform a search over multiple stores and have the results sortable and/or filterable for file format, price, presence of DRM, and so on? <Q> The one I use is Luzme <S> It queries several stores including Ko...	eReaderIQ allows you to search amazon, track books and add them to a watch list (being notified of price drops for books, authors etc.). The one I remember is Inkmesh .
Format for ebook that contains code What's a good format for making an ebook that contains code. Is markdown a good option or is there something better available? I may want to convert it to ePub/Mobi and PDF later. Is it a good idea to add custom styles to markdown files? Would these styles play well with softwares l...	You can use LaTeX. Packages like listings or minted can be used to include code snippets and syntax highlighting. Leanpub might be a solution.
How to erase data before selling a Kindle? I plan to sell my old Kindle Keyboard and I want to erase all the Kindle's data ( my books, my personal info, wi-fi passwords...) before. Is it enough to deregister the Kindle and execute a factory reset? Would it completely erase everything? <Q> Step by step instructions for ...	Every Kindle has a menu option "Reset to Factory Defaults", which does exactly what you want: It removes all user specific data from the device.
Can I copy or publish, text from a website. Can I copy or publish text—from a website—that is in the public domain? The text was already published as hard cover, in many apps, and as PDF . But never for Kindle ( AZW3 ). <Q> I am not a lawyer, but: If the text is in the public domain, then yes, you can use it. <S> Be ...	If it really is public domain you are free to do whatever you want
Are Tor Ebooks DRM Free? Tor has made a few statements in the past about going DRM Free. Does that carry through to downstream retailers? If I buy a Tor book on Amazon (marketed as a Kindle book) or on Barnes and Noble (marketed it as a Nook book), can I be confident that it will have no DRM? I know that I can use...	Yes, Amazon (and other retailers) generally do carry Tor books DRM-free.
What is the difference between giving away my only print copy or my only electronic copy of a book? The question If a book doesn't have DRM does that mean it is OK to give a copy to my friend to read? has answers implying that without permission there are legal and ethical hurdles in giving away a copy of an ebook. ...	An ebook is a file, not a physical object, and if I give it to you, I still can keep it for myself as well; to copy a file does not require to delete the original one, unless I explicitly want to do so.
Is there any e-ink technology that can display colors? I had opportunity to buy a Kindle Paperwhite and I was looking for an equivalent which support colors. Amazon have the Kindle Fire but it is a tablet technology which is not comparable to the e-ink. The reader with e-Ink are (for my usage) superior for the batter...	E-ink have had their Triton technology for a few years, which has been available in several commercial products : Hanvon color eReader, JetBook Color and PocketBook Color Lux.
Two kindles bricked, can there be a common cause? I used to have a Kindle 3 (keyboard). After almost 3 years of honourable service, it started getting stuck more and more, until reset wasn't solving anything anymore. The very helpful Amazon customer service replaced it (albeit out-of-warranty) with a Kindle Touch. Hap...	If the charger is flaky, it could have damaged both Kindles.
Is there a detailed guide for creating an ebook for Kindle in HTML/CSS I want to be able to create an ebook on my own for Kindle. I want to do this in HTML, and then later use KindleGen and KindlePreviewer for generating a .mobi file and previewing. I've looked around the web for guidance, but while they do have ...	The single best resource for creating a solid, valid epub file is the IDPF's epub 3.0 specification .
I have a printed version of a book does it allow me to possess an electronic copy? I have a printed version (i.e. a hardback or paperback) of a book and I wonder whether this allows me to possess an electronic version of it (e.g. .pdf file). Edit: Isn't it allowed by the clause 107. Limitations on exclusive rights...	If you want to digitize it yourself, you absolutely can under the First Sale Doctrine , provided that you own the copy of the books.
Are there any rugged ebook readers out there? The ebook readers that I have used are all somewhat flimsy. I am looking for a device I can take along when camping this summer, without having to fear too much for breaking it along the way. Not talking about dropping my backpack in a crevasse, but something that at least ...	A thin tempered glass screen protector (such as the BROTECT AirGlass) and any Kobo SleepCover that closes like a book should make the device somehow shockproof as well. Buy an ereader based on the features and get a case for your lifestyle.
Are there good ebook management tools available for free? I have a collection of e-books and I am looking for a way to manage it from my operating system. What are the programs to manage e-books available for free? I use both Linux and Windows OS, can you suggest some good software? <Q> Calibre is a free and open sourc...	If you are looking for conversion functionality and more than just a library / reading, calibre as mentioned is useful. If you have Firefox browser, you can try EPUB Reader add-on.
What's the correct way for developers to edit PDF? Recently I got a task to manually add a Table of Contents to a PDF ebook generated by someone who left it out. I didn't know how to do it at first so I googled a lot and found some small tools but none works really well. Finally I have to head to a commercial softw...	You can use software like PDFEdit to make changes, but as long as you don't use Adobe's expensive tools, things are going to be nasty (or so I hear).
What is a good software for reading ebooks out loud? I enjoy having the ebooks read out loud. My previous solution has always been to highlight the chapters I want to read and then turn on voiceover in Adobe Reader on my Mac. The advantage is that I can select from all sorts of voices and control the pitch and speed. T...	On Kindle devices you can do it for some titles (see this article for a nice description: http://www.wonderoftech.com/immersion-reading-kindle ) So I switched to FullReader as it’s the best of 16 best text to speech apps by the author opinion. I'm using TextAloud (about $30) which is a kind of text editor requiring ext...
Convert Blog to book I prefer reading technical blogs in Kindle, is there an easy way to convert a technical blog from any site – MSDN blog or personal sites – to a e-book format like .mobi? I am aware of http://blog2book.pothi.com/ but it supports only Blogspot and WordPress sites. Edit I tried Calibre to download...	GrabMyBooks lets you gradually build an ebook in a separate Firefox tab by selecting web pages or content as you go.

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