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Are there any famous world leaders (politics, religion) who are vegan/vegetarian? Who are famous world leaders (politics, religion) who live on a vegan/vegetarian diet? (Define famous: presidents, vice presidents, religious heads) <Q> Most of those are not world leaders. <S> Adolf Hitler was leader of Germany 1933-1...	The following politicians are listed on this List of vegetarians on Wikipedia : Hilary Benn,Cory Booker,Wouter Bos,Fenner Brockway,Kathalijne Buitenweg,Jeremy Corbyn,Stafford Cripps,Morarji Desai,Dion Graus,Maximiliano Hernández Martínez,Rudolf Hess,Adolf Hitler,Jens Holm,Ewout Irrgang,James Johnston,Niko Koffeman,Attj...
Are there any well known vegan athletes? I was wondering if some athletes could manage to get the same performance or even experience a performance when not eating anything coming from an animal. Are there effective athletes relying only on plants? <Q> This is really just a matter of 'let me google it for you'. <S> Th...	Frank Medrano is a well known vegan bodybuilder. Tim Shieff : 2009 world champion free-runner (and funnily enough, one of the Death Eaters in the last Harry Potter movie).
What are well known smoked cheese alternatives? What alternatives are well known or can be purchased in local supermarkets which taste most similar to smoked cheese? Note : I'm living in the UK and shop weekly so I'm looking for alternatives I can consistently buy locally. (Preferably large supermarkets if possibl...	In addition to vegan smoked cheeses, you might also want to consider smoked tofu.
Why is green gram, also known as mung bean, not a popular protein source? I have been going through protein sources for vegans here and in other forums in the internet. I don't see any of them listing green gram as on of items despite having around 25g protein in 100g substance. I am wondering if there is a parti...	Not only are they a great source of protein that is high in fibre and low in fat , they are also exceptionally versatile and easy to deal with compared to many other pulses.
What are some uses for soy 'whey'? I was wondering what are some common uses for soy 'whey'(leftovers from the coagulation process when making tofu)? I usually use Calcium Chloride or lemon juice, for coagulation, if that makes a difference. <Q> I also found some suggestions that come from the linked tofu recipe .I <S...	I coagulate soy milk for tofu using soured whey from a previous batch. According to this video by Maangchi, it was used in Korea back in the day to make a popular stew, called Biji Jjigae.
What can I swap for cream that's still "creamy"? I have a lot of recipes that call for heavy cream, half-and-half, or milk. I'd really like to ditch the dairy -- but while I can swap soy, almond, or something else for plain milk, I have a much harder time figuring out a substitute for cream. Coconut milk comes the clos...	I also make the middle part of cheesecakes with silken tofu blended with cashews or coconut oil or just melted chocolate (because silken tofu is too liquid by itself for this purpose). In the end, however, it is not really possible to replicate the creamy, hearty, umami taste of cow-milk cream.
Vegan wool alternative other than synthetic fiber? I read this post about vegan clothing, but I'm wondering what are the best alternatives to wool for warm clothing (i.e. sweater), which would be suitable for countries with some snow and temperatures down to -20 °C (so not great cold, but this question could appl...	At this time, vegans who want to stay warm in cold weather need to choose between the following: Clothing made from animal by-products, especially wool from sheep or alpaca, or Clothing made from synthetic fibres, especially polyester and preferably recycled.
Could a vegetarian diet indirectly cause vitamin C deficiency? Obvious answer is no but... I quickly see a difference when I don't get much fruit (or fruit-juice) for a few weeks, my gums start bleeding more easily and get a bit painful - known consequences of a vitamin C deficiency , among other possible causes of...	In general, a vegetarian or vegan diet will never be the direct cause of a vitamin C deficiency, because vitamin C is not in meat products.
How to replace eggs in cake recipe and keep the cake from breaking? I use Betty Crocker's Yellow cake mix. In the cake powder, as the recipe asks, I add about 1 cup of water, half cup of oil but to replace 3 eggs I add a pinch of baking powder and 1/3 cup of homemade greek yogurt. After baking, the cake tastes really...	I find the best substitute to for eggs is aquafaba (the liquid in a can of chickpeas).
Why don't humans use animals after they die naturally? Humans use animals for eating, clothes, fashion, etc., all of which is obviously wrong. Why don't they eat them after they die naturally of old age? Why don't they use their fur, or skin after they die of naturally? Thank You. <Q> I won't talk about "product qua...	The cost of feeding and caring for the animal over time is factored into the cost of animal products. There is a financial incentive for cruelty.
What amount of vitamin B12 is required per day? I read some questions in this site regarding B12. Some said 50 mcg was required per day, while some said 1000 mcg. While Vegan Society says 3 mcg per day atleast. What is the amount of B12 required per day to have a healthy body? <Q> For vitamin B12 oral intake, <S>...	The large difference between requirement and recommended supplemental intake arises from the different ways that vitamin B12 is absorbed in the body. Usually supplementation is only needed for vegans (or vegetarians with low egg and dairy intake).
Would vegetarians eat an animal that died of natural causes? Why would a vegetarian refuse to eat an animal that dies of a natural death (such as Kapelin, the suicide fish that throws itself upon the bays of Newfoundland two weeks of a given month of a given season)? After all, these animals are dead, nobody knows why ...	This is because a vegetarian does not eat any product that is made with animal product where an animals death had to occur to obtain the ingredient.
What place do chia seeds have in cooking? Apparently chia seeds are a very high source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and have a very favourable ratio of omega-6 to omega-3. In terms of nutritional quality they are very similar to flaxseed. What are some different ways that chia seed can be eaten? Do they have a taste...	After soaking, chia seeds can be blended until smooth, and this forms a fluffy substance that can be useful in desserts.
Are vegan diets associated with more flatulence? Are diets that restrict or completely avoid animal products associated with a higher volume of flatulence? Here I am asking specifically about gas that is mostly produced in the colon and expelled in a healthy manner, which is different from bloating that arises when gas...	In conclusion, yes a vegan diet is very probably associated with a higher volume of flatulence due to the increased inclusion of beans, although results are likely to vary between individuals and even over time for a particular individual. Flatulence results from normal bacteria in the colon that produce gas during fer...
Is there any vegan food that is dangerous in excess? Which ones? I have heard about some ingredients which contain small quantities of toxic substances and that in excess could cause health damage, (for example I heard that sunflower seeds contains selenium and in excess selenium toxicity can result in symptoms of sele...	Yes, some foods (even plant-based foods) can be harmful when consumed in excess. Facial flushing (redness of the skin) could be introduced by consuming too much nutritional yeast, as described in the question
Why is keeping backyard hens inconsistent with veganism? If somebody keeps egg-laying hens in their backyard and makes sure they are loved and well cared-for, what's wrong with taking and eating their eggs from the perspective of veganism? If a person who identified as vegan was considering getting backyard chickens, w...	It may be the case that the kept hens have been rescued and would not be safe in the wild, and in such a scenario there might seem to be no ethical objection to eating the eggs.
Is wine considered vegan? As per this Wikipedia article many wines are apparently made using a catalyst that is an animal byproduct. The finings settle to the bottom and are removed. So when consuming the wine, there are no animal products in it. Would this be considered vegan? <Q> The Vegan Society UK currently defi...	If no animal products are used in the making of this wine, then this wine would be considered vegan friendly.
Does eating soy lower testosterone? Some people claim that consuming soy lowers testosterone in men. This seems to be repeated by a lot of bloggers and YouTubers. Is there any truth to this? Is this supported by human or animal studies? <Q> By analyzing the the soybean chemically, we know that soy is chemically high in...	Based on the research I found, the link between soy and decreased testosterone more than a correlation.
Do all wool-bearing animals need to be shorn? Do all wool-bearing animals, especially sheep and alpaca, need to be regularly shorn to maintain their health? Is it true that sheep's wool will grow to the point where it threatens the sheep's life if it is never shorn? If this is true for some animals, is it because of a...	We need to shear the sheep, otherwise it will die!
Are foods with zero cholesterol always vegan? I've developed this quick trick after reading a lot of food labels. If the nutrition label says it contains any cholesterol, it's definitely not vegan. This is based on the idea that cholesterol is only produced by animals, never by plants. Therefore, a vegan diet is co...	There are a number of animal products or by-products that do not contain cholesterol, but are still something a vegan wouldn't want to eat.
What 1 plant has the widest nutritional value over all other plants in the world? I want to grow a small garden with few plants as possible with efficiency in nutritional value in mind. What plant in the world has the most nutrition from the roots or the flower? <Q> There are many different important qualities found in...	Sweet Potato - High on a very large spectrum of nutriments.
What can replace milk, for vegan pancakes without eggs? Please see the question in the title. My goal is to make vegan pancakes without: eggs, milk, any milk alternative that uses Natural Flavours , like soy or coconut milk. I live in Ontario, Canada and visited these 6 stores, yet all their soy and coconut mil...	I have been told by more kitchen-savvy friends that aqua-faba is an effective replacement for egg in baking. give oat milk a shot.
Where do Vegans get their Omega-3's? [not ALA] I'm talking specifically EPA and DHA, neither of which are found in any food source except marine biota. Microalgae is the only vegan source I know of but its almost nonexistent in most vegan kitchens and restaurants, nor do I know any vegans who consume it. Do most veg...	When I used to care about my Omega 3 (ALA) intake, I consumed a lot of flax seeds and chia seeds which are both pretty high in Omega 3 and also have a good Omega 3 and Omega 6 ratio. Since you specifically asked for non-ALA answer though, they only feasible way for most vegans to get their EPA and DHA would be through ...
What vegan food or drink helps to cool off after spicy food? When people eat something that's too spicy and they want to relieve the heat, one thing that's common to drink is full-fat milk or cream . What would be a good dairy-free, vegan alternative food or drink that helps to soothe the mouth after eating very spicy...	A glass of buttermilk: gives instant relief: contains very little fat White rice mixed with curd and a little salt for taste Steaming white rice with cow ghee (refined butter), with some salt and lemon juice for taste.
What are the disadvantages of consuming more protein than necessary? I think most veg*ns in countries where meat consumption is high, such as the UK where I live, are accustomed to being asked "Where do you get your protein?" but it's widely accepted that even vegan diets provide plenty of protein, though sources of l...	While protein restriction may be appropriate for treatment of existing kidney disease, we find no significant evidence for a detrimental effect of high protein intakes on kidney function in healthy persons after centuries of a high protein Western diet.
Is iron supplementation necessary? From what I understand animal iron and vegetable based iron are different. Heme iron is apparently more bio-available. According to what I have read humans only absorb 5% of the iron that is available in plants foods.Are there methods to absorb more iron from a plant-based diet or sho...	If increased iron absorption is desired, the best thing to do is consume foods providing vitamin C (ascorbic acid) along with foods rich in non-heme iron. I have been a vegetarian for over 50 years and a vegan for much of that time and have never taken any supplements of any kind.
Database of vegan products in the UK Is there any online resource that I can use to check which products are vegan? I am a long time vegetarian who is trying to switch to vegan. Mostly, I cook from basic ingredients and hence it is easy to see whether it is vegan. However, I sometimes use some ready made products,...	Myvegansupermarket is another good website to use as well as vegan womble.
Is mushroom vegetarian or non-vegetarian? Some vegetarians avoid eating mushrooms. Are mushrooms a non-vegetarian product? if so, what makes them non-vegetarian, and why do vegetarians avoid eating mushrooms? <Q> In biology, organisms are grouped into a set of categories called, for some reason, kingdoms . <S> These a...	Mushrooms (or fungi) are not plants and are not animals either.
Is eating gelatin consistent with veganism on consequentialist grounds? I consume (very) few animal products, mostly on ethical grounds, however, I have been wondering about gelatin, which may people shy away from. I am a consequentialist, I have no issue with the act of eating for instance meat, but I do not want to s...	Short answer: NO Consuming gelatin increases the profitability of animal farming.
How should I address neglect when coworkers bring in non-vegan donuts? I’m vegan and I work at a small office where it is common for people to bring in food to share. Sometimes I get lucky and receive consideration from the food-bringer, but in at least as many cases, I find myself neglected and left out. I don't expec...	There may be people that simply do not like the vegan donuts. Expressing displeasure at not being catered to is not often a good way to be included. And if some are more malicious (they do exist), gently highlighting the fact that they're being jerks will get you more results than outward demanding stuff.
Why are so many YouTubers giving up veganism now? Recently there has been a rash of YouTube personalities who have very publicly stopped practicing veganism. Examples: Rawvana - Raw Alignment - Kalel - Tim Shieff - Bonny Rebecca - East Coast Creep - Tish Wonders - Christie Swadling - Bobby's Perspective - Zen...	On the long term, people can get fed up with all the hassle with having to get to a balanced diet if they never tried to get to a low fat, high carb diet.
Which country has the highest number of vegetarians? Which country has highest number of vegetarians? And which has the highest percentage of vegetarians? <Q> Luckily, Wikipedia has a page called Vegetarianism by country which has a table listing data for 38 countries. <S> Sorted by percentage: <S> India: 31% (3...	Brazil: 3% (6,333,660 people, 2018) United States: 3% (7,588,000 people, 2018) Sweden: 10% (969,000 people, 2014) I think it's India.
What's a good way to prepare vegan corn on the cob? Is there a cheap substitute to butter/margarine? Or is there an alternative way to prepare ears of corn without animal products, yet still retains some basic taste? I am looking for an alternative to drenching sweet corn in butter that's not too fancy. I suppose this...	I drench my boiled cobs in extra virgin olive oil then sprinkle with salt flakes and freshly ground pepper.
How do I make oat milk? How do I make oat milk? I have oats and a blender, but what else do I need? I'd rather buy bulk oats rather than buying a packaged product. <Q> It's straightforward to make oat milk and you only need oats, water, a blender, and a means of straining the mixture finely, such as a muslin sheet (che...	If you don't mind that the taste is different, blending and straining oats in water will give you a milk-similar drink.
How can I tell if this pizza is vegan? Today the office in which I work provided pizza lunch for us, and the person ordering was extra thoughtful and ordered some additional special pizza for the few vegans who work in this office. Upon inspecting the vegan pizza, it was visibly different from the other pizzas, but di...	It is hard to see any practical answer to this.
What are some warm clothing options for vegans? I’m unable to find vegan wool and I don’t like purchasing petroleum based products. What can I wear to keep warm? <Q> Since linen is often thought of as a summer-appropriate fabric, what you might want to do is use superposition <S> (e.g. wear a linen shirt with a long...	Most vegan articles of clothing that do not rely on petroleum-based products are made of either cotton, hemp or linen. Bamboo is also known for being a great insulating fabric. In summary Recycle and reuse whatever you can find in the resale shops, attics.
Body got skinny and gaunt; caused by not eating meat any more? Last year I stopped eating meat (for environmental reasons): went from meat every day to one meat meal every one or two weeks (basically only when going out). And since Coronavirus started, this has gone down to basically no meat at all. Now I'm mostly eati...	You need more calories If you are loosing weight, and you don't want to be, you aren't eating enough calories . Instead, work with a nutritionist that specializes in vegan or sports nutrition. Other answers mention other nutrients, in particular protein.
How do I prevent chipping when cutting a veneered counter top with a circular saw? I bought a fake butcher block counter from Ikea which is really a veneer over particle board. No matter how I cut it, I can't seem avoid slight chips in the veneer. I'm using a 7 1/4" circular saw and a 60 tooth blade. I have someone h...	Run tape across the cut line in order to support the veneer and reduced chipping from tear out. Use a moderate to slow feed rate to minimize the rate of wood removal. You may be able to avoid chip-out by using a sacrificial board atop of the countertop.
What's the purpose of raising the grain before finishing a furniture piece? I'm currently working on a entry bench in black walnut. I'm wondering if I should raise the grain before finishing my bench or not. In the past, I haven't done so. I've heard that it's better to raise the grain. Yet, I don't know for what r...	Raising the grain not only helps to bring out fibers that might swell when applying the actual finish, but saturating the grain beforehand with a wood conditioner will help to make the grain "pop out" (be more visually appealing) which when you're trying for a beautiful finish, is something that you'd normally want.
How can you stabilize green wood after turning it on a lathe? I've turned a few things green on a lathe and I expected them to to do odd things, and they warped and/or cracked. But what useful techniques are out there that this could be minimized or even controlled? I don't know if it is possible, other than lettin...	I have a relative who uses something akin to a steam box, without the steam, to control the moisture moving out of his green turned pieces. I've only done this a couple times, but I have good luck turning a rough form (as @TxTurner notes) and then setting the bowl aside for a few months.
How can I prepare the end grain for stain, so that its final appearance matches the rest of the wood? Despite doing a great deal of sanding on the end grain, and getting it just as smooth as the rest of the wood, it always soaks up more stain than the rest, and turns out much darker and different. Is there any techniqu...	I've heard (but haven't verified) that if you sand the end grain with a higher grit it will match the stain of the face grain (can't confirm).
How can I minimize warp due to wood movement when gluing up a panel? I recently built a small 2' x 3' dresser top out of pine. It was within 1/8" flat and level when I glued it up in the garage, but within a few weeks inside it had warped and buckled significantly. What techniques can I use to minimize the chance of t...	Another aspect to deal with is that you need to let the wood rest for a significant period of time after you've planed it down.
My band saw blade consistently slips off. What are some common causes of this? I have an older Craftsman band saw that is very difficult to get the blade back in place and it tends to toss the blade often. It makes it annoying to use the tool. I'm wondering if there is a common set of causes for this behavior that I ...	Blade thrust guide not adjusted properly allowing the blade to be pushed off the wheel.
How can I prevent tearout of plywood when cutting it with a circular saw? Note: This question was closed as a duplicate because plywood and veneer both have similar issues when being cut with a circular saw. Hopefully the answers in both questions can help out. When using a circular saw, I often find that I rip up the...	Make a very shallow scoring cut with the circular saw before making your through cut. Additionally, if you have a piece of sacrificial wood you can put underneath the cut, that would help prevent tearout as well.
How should I dispose of sawdust safely? My workshop is more accurately termed my garage, with a small table saw, radial saw and a router table that I built. I don't have a central dust collection, and only the radial saw has any dust collection built in. When I do any projects, I end up sweeping up a pile of sawdust. ...	If I have too much sawdust, I spread it in the grass to add organic material to the yard.
How can I minimize snipe while thickness planing? I usually notice a small amount of snipe on the ends of the boards I run through my thickness planer. It's not too deep, (<1/32" maybe?), and doesn't cover too much of the board length (<4" on either end), but it's noticeable if I inspect the boards closely enough. I'v...	If you were to lower the table rollers all the way down so that they were below the table surface, then the friction of the wood as it travels across the planer table would generally make feeding the wood through the planer much more difficult.
How can I adjust my hand plane to take an even cut across its width? I have a low angle jack plane (Stanley #62, bevel up) and it has the ability to adjust the blade side to side when I lock down the blade and iron, which supposedly is to allow you to even out the depth of cut across the plane's width, but I can't get ...	I once had your problem and it turned out that I had ground my blade out of square.
Is this table saw lathe jig safe? I recently saw a video on how to build a jig for turning stock on a table saw. It seemed unsafe to me, as the motorized jig was advancing stock sideways into the rotating saw blade. This seems like a very useful technique, but I'm primarily concerned about the safety aspects of it....	If the jig is built well and used with the caution we should always employ, it seems very practicable.
When, if ever, is it safe to use gloves with power tools? I don't use gloves when operating my power tools, but I know a few people who do--for instance, when operating a router with two hands (not in a router table). Is this safe, and if so, what other power tools are safe to operate with gloves? <Q> Anything tool tha...	The only tool off the top of my head that I'd consider using gloves with would be an orbital sander, since it may help with vibration absorption, and the sander doesn't provide a big risk of mangling your hand.
How do I ensure my drill is perfectly vertical before cutting a hole in my desk? I want to cut a hole in my desk (3/4" furniture grade plywood with an oak veneer) to run cables through. I'll be using a hole saw and my cordless drill. Since this is going to be very visible, I want to be sure that the hole is perfectly v...	Use the same bit you plan to drill into your desk with.
When building an outdoor structure, should I use pressure-treated lumber or something like cedar? I am building a pergola (~10'x10') on my patio (and plan to build a gazebo out in the yard), but before I build it, I want to make sure I'm using the best option for lumber. Should I use pressure-treated lumber in such an...	PT lumber is cheaper than cedar, but cedar looks better (IMO) and smells nice.
What is the proper place of nails in woodworking? When is it appropriate to use nails to join wood? Other than for rough framing, the only common accepted use I can think of is for tacking trim, but even there it doesn't quite feel right because invariably the nailguns aren't set properly so unless a good painter come...	As mentioned in other answers, nails may be more appropriate when the wood will be prone to a lot of warping or swelling.
How to finish a branch to keep the bark (partially) on? My son found a nice thick branch that I want to turn into a walking stick for him. Unfortunately, I can't tell what kind of wood it is exactly. The bark is still partially on and doesn't seem loose. How do I treat and finish it, so that the bark will stay on whil...	I think it might make more sense in this case to either strip the bark to finish the wood, or leave it natural.
What kind of woods can be riven with a froe? I've never used a froe before but I'm enamored with the idea of making my own boards. Right now, I use splitting wedges to make quarters small enough to feed through my bandsaw. This results in a lot of waste as the wood never splits cleanly. 5" is usually the best board wi...	A froe splits wood along the grain, so it works best on wood with long straight grain. I may be off a little on this, but from my experience of looking up antique tools, a froe was primarily use to spit roof shakes (shingles).
What is "White Wood"? It used to be when I went to the lumber store the inexpensive soft wood was Pine. Now they call it "White Wood", what exactly is "White Wood", I don't recall ever hearing of a tree species by that name. <Q> White wood is the cheap, crappy wood available at home centers, and will vary by region. <...	I suspect it is any cheap tree that is fairly white. In the UK, for example, it usually means timber primarily intended for "first-fix" use where it will not be visible when the work is completed.
What are some safe finishes for indoor projects likely to be chewed on by a young child or infant? I'm going to be putting together a crib for over the next few months for our first child. I found a blog that mentions shellac. Only, it doesn't exactly say that shellac is safe, only that it is safer than polyurethan...	Research on plastic vs wood cutting boards found little risk of contamination from untreated wood exposed to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Waxes like beeswax are good also, but may need to be re-applied periodically.
Rusting nails on purpose If I am building a wine rack, for instance, using pallet wood. I don't want nice shiny screws to draw attention away from the piece. What I currently do is sand off the top and leave it in water. Can you think of a fast way to rust the screw or perhaps another idea that could brown it (with...	You could soak it in vinegar. If you have a grinder, grinding the nail head can overheat the metal and discolor it.
Treating pine for partial burial I'm replacing my garden edging (the separator between lawn and flower beds), and I have some treated pine I would like to use. Like this: What's the best way to stop the pine from rotting? <Q> Buy pressure treated lumber. <S> It's going to cost more than plain pine, but it will last...	You could place a gravel border.
How do I seal plywood joints effectively for outdoor use? I have this castle built in my garden out of plywood. The problem is that it keeps leaking. I've tried silicone which doesn't last, and also a window sealant, but since the plywood expands and contracts it also lets the water through. The join in question is a ...	Using fiberglass over edge joints will also keep out the water.
Correct Method to Nail Casing Corners When installing casing trim around windows and door frames the corners are normally cut in a miter. Finish nails are normally used to fasten the adjoining casing pieces to the window/door frame and into the wall structure. My question is if additional nails should be used to nail t...	Yes, I would definitely use glue.
What can I coat a wooden drawer slide with to reduce drag? I have an old wooden desk with a middle draw that has a center support that the drawer slides back and forth on. The friction creates drag that prevents the opening and closing action from seeming smooth. What could I add to reduce the friction in the wood-on...	Either some paste wax, or in a pinch you could rub a candle on it.
What is a good way to prevent jointed tabletops from bowing when tightening fasteners or the glue sets? I recently made a tabletop for a rolling tool cart using 2x4's jointed and pocket-screwed. When I set the table upon the cart I noticed a very serious bow, almost like I was starting to make a barrel! What methods ...	If you're stuck using the typically low-quality lumber from a home center, the best you can do may be to look at the grain direction and alternate it every other board, so one board will cup downward, the next will cup upward, the next downward, etc. I always clamp jointed boards with some good, straight hardwood board...
In what situations would I use a belt sander versus a random orbit sander? I own both a belt sander and random orbit sander. I've found that as I've worked on improving my finishing technique, I will oftentimes go for the random orbit sander over any other sanding implements. I am curious if the belt sander has a spe...	I like a belt sander when I need to really remove some material like paint for example
How to make a long shallow cut on a narrow piece of wood with a circular saw I am using 5.5 inch wide cedar fence board as lapboard style siding on a chicken coop. The roof is a ~22 degrees shed style roof. I'm having trouble making the long cuts which touch the roof. The one cut I made in the picture below was much mo...	You need a guide board. However, when using a circular saw myself, I just draw the straight line I need to cut and then make sure the piece that needs to be cut is secured (often a partner holding it down but a simple clamp or two can work too).
How to effectively fix a crack in a turned bowl I recently came into possession of a wonderful turned maple bowl however there is one downside. There is a small crack about halfway through the bowl. The crack goes fully from top to bottom but not fully left to right. The bowl is not about to fall apart but I think afte...	I use CA glue for hairline cracks, not open, through cracks.
When should I use a Jointer vs. a Planer? I am fairly new to woodworking and just starting to outfit my shop with power tools. One area that I find confusing is the use case for a jointer vs. a planer. Both tools seem to have very similar capabilities, and probably could substitute for one another on certain jobs. I'...	To the fine answers already posted, I would just add this: The jointer can give a board a perfectly straight edge, which is an important first step in accurately cutting the board to width and length.
Efficient paint removal from rough sawn wood I have some rough sawn timbers in my house that were painted over by the previous owner of the house 1 . I believe the timbers are a softer wood like fir as they are more decorative than structural. The three 4" x 8" x 18' timbers appear to have been painted over with a ro...	When we stripped the paint in my house growing up we used a heat gun and paint scrapers. Another motorized solution would be to take a "veneer cut" off the face with a bandsaw. Use a heat gun and carefully hover over the wood (keep it at a proper distance so you don't damage the wood). I have also considered grinding v...
When do you use a chuck vs. a faceplate on a lathe? I'm interested in learning to turn and recently bought an old Delta/Rockwell lathe that came with some basic accessories. I get the impression that a chuck and faceplate both serve the same purpose, namely that you can use either one to secure a workpiece by one end ...	Without knowing about your specific chuck I can generically say these things: A chuck can hold onto a piece (or a tool in your tail stock for hollowing/boring etc) depending on it's arrangement. The faceplate you use screws to secure the piece you are going to turn.some people will glue a waste piece to what they are t...
Is there any such thing as sanding something too fine for finishing? I know you can get sandpaper in super-high grits, like 2000 grit and higher. I guess there's a point of diminishing returns for sanding wood projects, but is it possible to use too high a grit prior to applying the first coat of finish? If so, wha...	As you mention, there's diminishing returns, so there's no need to sand even higher.
Do rip saws still have a place in the wood shop? 40 years ago when I was first learning to work with wood, there were crosscut and rip saws, each used for their own purpose. As I recall you could use a crosscut saw for either job. A rip saw could only be used for ripping wood. I have just recently got back into worki...	They do make saws that are designed to do either ripping or crosscutting, but some will argue that those general purpose sawblades do neither cut effectively.
How to sharpen a circular saw or mitre saw blade I got a mitre saw second hand and I am not sure how long it was in service for. I don't want to just buy a 12 inch blade as they can be expensive. Ultimately, I will have to purchase one at some point. The blade in question looks like it has over-sized tips that suggest ...	I do not recommend hand sharpening this type of blade because of the distinct possibility that hand sharpening will result in tooth shapes that are not perfectly uniform all the way around the blade.
Stain then glue, or vice-versa? After you've fabricated your pieces, is it better to "glue-up", then stain? Or is it better to stain first, then glue? What's a good rule-of-thumb? <Q> A couple of things to consider: If you accidentally spill glue on your pieces, the stain will not penetrate it. <S> So, this argues in...	I glue the joints when I assemble door then stain the frame.
Joining wood at an angle To give you an idea of scale, as it give context, I am referring to the roof of an open bird feeder. Currently I make 3 holes that I drill perpendicular to where the two pieces meet. Getting a screw at that angle ends up removing a lot of wood and creating some ugly holes on both sides (Pictu...	A biscuit joint would allow you to join these pieces without any screws while providing more strength than a joint where only the faces are glued together.
Best method for drilling thousands of holes? I make small hand-craft timber products from my garage and I've recently been approached by a wholesaler, who is looking to purchase large quantities of a very simple product I make. The product is made of pine and is a 300mm long piece of 2x2 with 3x30mm evenly-spaced hole...	You could also use a spade bit, twist bit, or (as Daniel suggested in a comment) an auger bit.
Making biscuits cuts by hand A good answer from my question on joinery talked about using a biscuit joiner. While this is a great idea a biscuit joiner is not in my top 5 of tools to acquire. I do have a variety of, recently inherited, hand tools that may do the job. The poster mentions in passing that this can be...	The biscuits themselves can be made on a band-saw from appropriately thin stock. One hand tool that I found that could do this is a router plane.
How and when should I sharpen my router bits? I recently got a router and a set of Freud carbide router bits . I had a friend tell me that he sharpens his bits after every use. So I have a few closely related questions: How often should I sharpen my router bits? Is it really necessary to do it after every time I use...	I think the answer to the question of when to sharpen a router bit is that you look for burning on the material that you are routing.
What tools do I need to start making cabinets? I am looking for what equipment I need to start a minimal shop that will eventually be making nice cabinets. I have no preference for power tools versus hand tools. I already have a cheap contractor's table saw, a drill, and some screwdrivers. <Q> Hmmm. <S> Where to st...	While a cheap contractors table saw 'can' do a lot if you're willing to work at it, a full sized table saw will be much better, and a cabinet saw would be best.
What sort of dust collection system would be adequate for a two-car garage? I have only recently moved into a new house with an attached two-car garage. I am also starting to make a fair bit of dust working on projects in the garage. Tools I am using include handsaws, a circular saw, drills, a 13" planer and a radial ...	Another piece that I'm still hoping to add to my shop is a ceiling mounted dust collector/air purifier to clean out all the suspended particles floating around, they are what leave that fine coat of dust on everything when you come back in the next day. For quite a while I used a shop-vac to clean things up and many to...
Unobtrusive ways to protect plywood corners? I'm building a bunch of cabinets out of 3/4" plywood. The corners are beveled so there's no ugly plywood "end grain" showing in the joints. While the joint looks fantastic, I'm concerned that the thin plywood veneer will dent and deform easily on this corner. Since it's v...	Another solution is to design real-wood edging into the piece, to cover the plywood edge.
Does knotty wood dull a hand plane faster than normal wood? While I was planing down a plank of Cedar this evening I noticed that the plane did not slide through the knotty wood, that it was a harsh stop. It made me wonder whether I should attempt to plane wood that has knots in it. Does knot wood cause a hand plane'...	Knots do in fact dull any cutter faster than the surrounding wood does because they are harder.
What is the difference between a beveled and a mitered edge? I know this is a basic question, but I see a lot of conflicting usage out there... What is the difference between a beveled and a mitered edge? I think people say "mitered" when they really mean "beveled". Hoping to get some clarity once and for all! :) <Q...	A miter is a beveled edge (or set of beveled edges) cut to be joined.
Which first gouges to get for a beginning turner My father no longer uses his shop (for the most part) and the tools are going to me. Over time and disuse some of his turning tools have disappeared or fallen into disrepair. I would like to start learning to turn, but I will need some new gouges. What are the "must ha...	Took me a long time to learn to use this correctly and I have a different one that I like more but a bowl gouge is good if you plan on turning bowls. If you get into turning buy a 4 Jaw Chuck (number 5 on my list).
How do I make a table top from oak 1" x 4" I have some decent lengths of oak 1"x4" leftover from another project and would like to create a table top out of the pieces. The table I am looking to create is not large, it will be a bedside table, it will be roughly 18" x 18". What I need to know is the best way to j...	In addition to biscuits and splines (as mentioned by @bowlturner), you can also use dowels.
What is the purpose of a saw nib? Saw nibs have been present for hundreds of years. What is their purpose? <Q> well, there may be more to it that you'd think. <S> And definitely an interesting piece of trivia. <S> There are 2 types of nibs, either as something sticking out like on the picture in the question, or as...	There are multiple answers, ranging from: nothing, that's just for decoration My favorite answer has been, "So you can recognize an old saw at garage sales," but the most well referenced sources I've found indicate that it was originally placed as a decoration and just stuck.
Should I use sandpaper or Steel Wool between coats of polyurethane? Polyurethane is typically my go-to finish, but I'd always just kind of done it how dad showed me rather than reading the instructions, sanding with fine grain between coats, or not at all if it's still "tacky." It always seems to turn out fine, but rec...	I tend to use very fine sandpaper when doing the in between coat sandings.
What are the advantages of end-grain cutting boards? End-grain cutting boards are an example of end grain being used for better performance. What are the properties of the wood which makes end-grain boards desirable? What are the disadvantages or difficulties of building them as opposed to regular cutting boards. <Q> O...	According to John Boos , end grain blocks are used because the fibers of end grain absorb the impact of the knife better than the face grain.
How to make proper pilot holes This is related to the question about Replacing small drill bits without buying new sets (or preventing breaks) but I wanted to expand on this. I think I'm just using cheap bits and much like the OP in the above question I am going through them like balsa wood. I also find that when I ...	For most hard woods using a pilot hole the size of the shaft of the screw should be good enough to prevent splitting, since it is the shaft that would be 'pushing' out on the wood.
Tiny core bits for broken screws I have on several occasions broken screw heads in pieces where I can't readily access or cut into the joint they're securing. Is there such a thing as a tiny core drill bit for cutting around what's left of the fastener so I can remove the rest of the wood piece it was securing? Or is...	Yes, there are hollow screw extractors like you describe, such as these two examples:
Can clamps be too tight? When gluing pieces together, I've always used an abundance of clamps and tightened them with all my might. Is it possible to tighten them too much? At some point, could I squeeze out so much glue that the joint becomes weaker? I can see how tightening too much can cause warping or damage to th...	Yes Clamps can be too tight and the joint could weaken or even warp, in a sense, if too much pressure is applied.
Best way to make a small detachable ramp on a dog house? I hope you guys bear with me on this as it's a little bit of a silly project. I'm mainly doing it to practice some joinery. My aunt has a Pomeranian and she's wanting me to make something better for him than a blanket on the floor. They have a lot of beach theme...	If the ramps have a small frame which the plywood sits on you could conceivably hide them underneath on the frame with the plywood on top.
Can you make a small wooden sail boat from cedar? We have a lot of trees we've been removing from our property for one reason or another. Instead of throwing them on the burn pile, I thought I might be able to make something of them. I've always wanted to make a small wood sail boat. Something along the lines of this...	Yes you can use both cedar and oak from your property, especially for small boats like canoes and kayaks.
What is the minimum length I can thickness plane? The thickness planers I've seen have a cutter head between two rollers. The rollers grab the stock and feed it past the cutter head, counteracting the force applied by the blades. If the rollers do not have a secure grip on the stock, the cutter may kick the piece backw...	You can counteract this limitation with some variation of a sled that holds short stock securely to the bottom with sacrificial 'rails' that ride the rollers and get planed down with the short stock itself. As a rule of thumb, i never plane anything shorter than 12".
How much grit do I need? At my woodshop, it's typically suggested that I sand up to 220 grit or 320 grit. I'm always amazed at how smooth my surface feels after a good 320-grit sanding. However, when looking online I sometimes see advice to sand up to 600 grit. 600! That must be like glass! I understand it's a matt...	For most cases in which you intend to put on a film finish (like shellac, lacquer, or a varnish) it is enough to sand the wood to 220.
What is the best way to enlarge a hole with my cordless drill? Whenever I try to make a hole slightly larger with my cordless drill, the drill bit catches and wanders, and doesn't stay centered. Normally I use twist bits, but I'm pretty sure I would have the same problem with most (or all?) other types of bits (e.g., b...	If you're lucky and the hole you wish to embiggen is the 'next' size up, a step drill bit may work, too.
How do I make a mortise and tenon joints by hand I am starting a new project and intend to use more joinery techniques. I am going to make a chair, and I was hoping to create some mortise and tenon joints for the chair that I am making. I do not have access to a router at this time. How do I create mortise and tenon...	I find that both the "bash it out with a mortise chisel" and the "drill it out and clean up the edges" methods work about equally well and are both a lot of work.
What should I use to apply a water-based varnish? I've used in the past foam brushes to apply my water-based varnish. I'm wondering if there's other types of brush that can be used and what are the advantages and disadvantages. <Q> Generally, besides foam there are synthetic bristle brushes and natural bristle brushes...	Synthetic brushes were originally specifically intended for application of water-borne finishes. For transparent finishes, a flat tipped brush is most common.
How do you plane end grain? I tend to like power tools, because I need a lot less 'skill' to get the same quality product. However, I do like learning hand tool techniques and sometimes they are just as good or better than power tools. Sometimes faster if you only have one or two 'pieces' to do, instead of setting up...	In Western woodworking at least low-angle block planes are favoured for planing end grain.
How do I achieve a "piano black" high gloss finish on wood? I'm building some speaker cabinets for my living room out of MDF. I'm wondering how to achieve that "high gloss" / "piano black" look, like on B&W speakers or, well, black pianos... Any ideas? I'm pretty sure it involves lots of layers of lacquer, but does an...	I use a tinted oil base primer. I have had good luck using Nason 2 stage automotive paint (base coat/ 2k clear coat).
What is the functional purpose(s) of a central insert in a workbench? I was looking at different plans for making a workbench that, one day, I will have the space and materials to make. One sets of plans I ran into had a board cut and recessed with a handle. I have seen lots of bench plans but can't find more than ...	It functions as a plane stop, for planing cross grain with hand planes. The insert gap provides space in which two bench slabs can expand towards the middle while keeping the outside edges firmly anchored and flush with the legs.
How can I protect a desk top made from softer wood? A follow up to this question , which established that the hardness of the wood is less important than how you protect the surface. Suppose I use a very easily dented wood, let's say Chestnut(Hardness 500), what options do I have to protect the surface from physical d...	Polyurethane varnishes are popular partly because they have some inherent flexibility (toughness, as distinct from hardness) allowing them to absorb impacts better without cracking.

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