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SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?
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{ "text": [ "Norway and Finland" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Norway and Finland" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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Which countries did the RSFSR border on the southeast?
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{ "text": [ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 235 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ ...
[ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the south?
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{ "text": [ "Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 363 ], "end": [ 398 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west?
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{ "text": [ "the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 282 ], "end": [ 345 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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What country borders Russia on the west?
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{ "text": [ "Poland" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "Poland" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?
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{ "text": [ "Finland" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Finland" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?
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{ "text": [ "Georgian" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 375 ], "end": [ 382 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "Georgian" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L...
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Along with the Mongolian People's Republic and the People's Republic of China, what country did the RSFSR border to its southeast?
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{ "text": [ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 170 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" ]
SQuAD
It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.
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What rank does Universal Studios have in terms of age?
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{ "text": [ "fourth" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "fourth" ]
SQuAD
It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.
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Which film studio from Denmark is older than Universal?
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{ "text": [ "Nordisk" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 132 ], "end": [ 138 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Nordisk" ]
SQuAD
It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.
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Which French companies are older than Universal?
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{ "text": [ "Gaumont Film Company and Pathé" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 114 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "Gaumont Film Company and Pathé" ]
SQuAD
It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.
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What is the nationality of Pathé?
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{ "text": [ "French" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "French" ]
SQuAD
It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.
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0c16bae9e7bc4456b352465a7b839a50
Along with Pathé and the Gaumont Film Company, what major film studio is older then Universal Studios?
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{ "text": [ "Nordisk Film company" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 132 ], "end": [ 151 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "Nordisk Film company" ]
SQuAD
It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.
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Among major film studies, where does Universal Studios rank in terms of age?
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{ "text": [ "fourth" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "fourth" ]
SQuAD
On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR.
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On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast annexed?
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[ "April 17, 1946" ]
SQuAD
On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR.
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What province of Germany did Kaliningrad Oblast form a part of?
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{ "text": [ "East Prussia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 109 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "East Prussia" ]
SQuAD
On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR.
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What administrative division did Kaliningrad Oblast become a part of?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian SFSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 175 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian SFSR" ]
SQuAD
On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor...
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On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created?
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{ "text": [ "March 17, 1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "March 17, 1991" ]
SQuAD
On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor...
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Who was the first President of the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "Boris Yeltsin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 101 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Boris Yeltsin" ]
SQuAD
On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor...
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Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1991?
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{ "text": [ "Mikhail Gorbachev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 359 ], "end": [ 375 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "Mikhail Gorbachev" ]
SQuAD
On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor...
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On what date did the first election for President of the RSFSR occur?
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[ "June 12" ]
SQuAD
On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor...
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During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow?
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[ "August 19–21, 1991" ]
SQuAD
The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 i...
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How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?
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[ "two-thirds" ]
SQuAD
The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 i...
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What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?
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{ "text": [ "the United States and Saudi Arabia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 259 ], "end": [ 292 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "the United States and Saudi Arabia" ]
SQuAD
The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 i...
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How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974?
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[ "23,941,000" ]
SQuAD
The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 i...
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How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?
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[ "475" ]
SQuAD
The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 i...
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In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974?
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[ "47" ]
SQuAD
Universal could seldom afford its own stable of stars, and often borrowed talent from other studios, or hired freelance actors. In addition to Stewart and Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, and Bing Crosby were two of the major names that made a couple of pictures for Universal during this period. Some stars came from radio,...
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What two performers were known as the team Abbott and Costello?
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[ "Bud Abbott and Lou Costello" ]
SQuAD
Universal could seldom afford its own stable of stars, and often borrowed talent from other studios, or hired freelance actors. In addition to Stewart and Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, and Bing Crosby were two of the major names that made a couple of pictures for Universal during this period. Some stars came from radio,...
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What military comedy did Bud Abbott and Lou Costello star in?
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{ "text": [ "Buck Privates" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 471 ], "end": [ 483 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ] }
[ "Buck Privates" ]
SQuAD
Universal could seldom afford its own stable of stars, and often borrowed talent from other studios, or hired freelance actors. In addition to Stewart and Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, and Bing Crosby were two of the major names that made a couple of pictures for Universal during this period. Some stars came from radio,...
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Along with Abbott and Costello and Edgar Bergen, what radio star appeared in Universal films?
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{ "text": [ "W. C. Fields" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 345 ], "end": [ 356 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ] }
[ "W. C. Fields" ]
SQuAD
The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal s...
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On what date was the incorporation of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company?
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[ "April 30, 1912" ]
SQuAD
The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal s...
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In what state was the Universal Film Manufacturing Company incorporated?
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{ "text": [ "New York" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "New York" ]
SQuAD
The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal s...
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Who was the president of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company circa July 1912?
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{ "text": [ "Laemmle" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "Laemmle" ]
SQuAD
The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal s...
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What was the fate of the other partners of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company?
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{ "text": [ "bought out by Laemmle" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 278 ], "end": [ 298 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "bought out by Laemmle" ]
SQuAD
The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal s...
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Along with exhibition and distribution, what business did the Universal Film Manufacturing Company engage in?
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{ "text": [ "movie production" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 368 ], "end": [ 383 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "movie production" ]
SQuAD
But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning...
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What organization found no evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?
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{ "text": [ "Amnesty International" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "Amnesty International" ]
SQuAD
But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning...
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In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?
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{ "text": [ "Population Research Institute" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 122 ], "end": [ 150 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "Population Research Institute" ]
SQuAD
But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning...
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In January 2006, who approved UNFPA's new country programme?
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{ "text": [ "United Nations Members" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 608 ], "end": [ 629 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 109 ], "end": [ 111 ] } ] }
[ "United Nations Members" ]
SQuAD
But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning...
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How many members does the “Group of 77” have?
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{ "text": [ "130" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 716 ], "end": [ 718 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 128 ] } ] }
[ "130" ]
SQuAD
But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning...
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Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?
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{ "text": [ "the United Kingdom" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 981 ], "end": [ 998 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 177 ], "end": [ 179 ] } ] }
[ "the United Kingdom" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ...
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On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic?
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{ "text": [ "January 25, 1918" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "January 25, 1918" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ...
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What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?
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{ "text": [ "All-Russian Congress of Soviets" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "All-Russian Congress of Soviets" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ...
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When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?
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{ "text": [ "March 3, 1918" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 179 ], "end": [ 191 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "March 3, 1918" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ...
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceded land to what state?
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{ "text": [ "Germany" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 255 ], "end": [ 261 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "Germany" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ...
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What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?
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{ "text": [ "Russian Constitution of 1918" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 339 ], "end": [ 366 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "Russian Constitution of 1918" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?
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[ "the Soviet Russian Republic" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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To which country did Russia give land during World War I?
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{ "text": [ "Germany" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 265 ], "end": [ 271 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "Germany" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War I?
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{ "text": [ "the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 164 ], "end": [ 190 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918?
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[ "the Russian Civil War" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?
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[ "third" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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On January 25, 1918, what was the official name given to the Soviet state?
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[ "the Soviet Russian Republic" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?
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{ "text": [ "July 10, 1918" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 315 ], "end": [ 327 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "July 10, 1918" ]
SQuAD
On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ...
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During what 1918 conflict did states secede from Russia?
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SQuAD
In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women direc...
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What sort of films were produced by Red Feather?
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[ "low-budget programmers" ]
SQuAD
In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women direc...
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What type of movies came out of Bluebird?
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[ "more ambitious productions" ]
SQuAD
In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women direc...
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What motion pictures were made by Jewel?
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[ "prestige motion pictures" ]
SQuAD
In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women direc...
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What was the profession of George Marshall?
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{ "text": [ "Directors" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 188 ], "end": [ 196 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "Directors" ]
SQuAD
In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women direc...
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Who was one of the few female Hollywood directors in this era?
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{ "text": [ "Lois Weber" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 282 ], "end": [ 291 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "Lois Weber" ]
SQuAD
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i...
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Which ocean is along eastern Russia?
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{ "text": [ "the Pacific Ocean" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 832 ], "end": [ 848 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 142 ], "end": [ 144 ] } ] }
[ "the Pacific Ocean" ]
SQuAD
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i...
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Which union did Russia belong to after 1922?
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{ "text": [ "the Soviet Union" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 403 ], "end": [ 418 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "the Soviet Union" ]
SQuAD
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i...
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How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "sixteen" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 532 ], "end": [ 538 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 85 ] } ] }
[ "sixteen" ]
SQuAD
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i...
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The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?
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[ "forty" ]
SQuAD
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i...
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How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "five" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 562 ], "end": [ 565 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "five" ]
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The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i...
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How many krais were present in the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "six" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 610 ], "end": [ 612 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 97 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ] }
[ "six" ]
SQuAD
Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of...
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In what year did Universal make a film version of Dracula?
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{ "text": [ "1931" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 180 ], "end": [ 183 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "1931" ]
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Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of...
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In what year was The Invisible Man made?
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{ "text": [ "1933" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 252 ], "end": [ 255 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "1933" ]
SQuAD
Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of...
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What film was produced by Laemmle in 1934?
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{ "text": [ "Imitation of Life" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 308 ], "end": [ 324 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "Imitation of Life" ]
SQuAD
Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of...
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In what year did My Man Godfrey premiere?
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{ "text": [ "1936" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 353 ], "end": [ 356 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "1936" ]
SQuAD
Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of...
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When was Universal's version of Frankenstein made?
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[ "1931" ]
SQuAD
Universal's forays into high-quality production spelled the end of the Laemmle era at the studio. Taking on the task of modernizing and upgrading a film conglomerate in the depths of the depression was risky, and for a time Universal slipped into receivership. The theater chain was scrapped, but Carl, Jr. held fast to ...
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What part of Universal's business was terminated while it was in bankruptcy?
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{ "text": [ "The theater chain" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 261 ], "end": [ 277 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
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SQuAD
Universal's forays into high-quality production spelled the end of the Laemmle era at the studio. Taking on the task of modernizing and upgrading a film conglomerate in the depths of the depression was risky, and for a time Universal slipped into receivership. The theater chain was scrapped, but Carl, Jr. held fast to ...
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Along with distribution and studio operations, what part of Universal was retained by Carl Laemmle, Jr. during bankruptcy?
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[ "production operations" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ...
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537d7ad9f522407fa59a42e3e8b44992
Who bought the Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoons in 2006?
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[ "Disney" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ...
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Who was 2006 seller of the Oswald cartoons?
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[ "NBC Universal" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ...
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What notable figure worked as a sportscaster for ABC?
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[ "Al Michaels" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ...
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Who began producing Oswald cartoons for Universal in 1929?
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{ "text": [ "Walter Lantz" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 370 ], "end": [ 381 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "Walter Lantz" ]
SQuAD
In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ...
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In what year did Walter Lantz cease producing Oswald cartoons for Universal?
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[ "1943" ]
SQuAD
From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005.
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In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened?
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[ "1960s" ]
SQuAD
From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005.
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What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005?
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[ "Local Authorities" ]
SQuAD
With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the ...
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What cartel has been known to be in Oklahoma city?
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[ "Juárez Cartel" ]
SQuAD
In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." ...
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How many of Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s relatives were working for Universal as of 1928?
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[ "70" ]
SQuAD
In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." ...
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What was Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s nickname at Universal?
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[ "Uncle Carl" ]
SQuAD
In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." ...
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What poet wrote a notable rhyme about Laemmle?
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{ "text": [ "Ogden Nash" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 320 ], "end": [ 329 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Ogden Nash" ]
SQuAD
In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." ...
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What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's?
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{ "text": [ "William Wyler" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 478 ], "end": [ 490 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 103 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ] }
[ "William Wyler" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly res...
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Who produced the film Three Smart Girls?
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{ "text": [ "Joe Pasternak" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "Joe Pasternak" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly res...
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Who starred in the film Three Smart Girls?
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{ "text": [ "Deanna Durbin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 189 ], "end": [ 201 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "Deanna Durbin" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly res...
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In what year was Three Smart Girls made?
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[ "1936" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly res...
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Prior to his work in America, where was Joe Pasternak employed?
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[ "Universal's German subsidiary" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly res...
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What type of films did Joe Pasternak produce in Germany?
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[ "light musicals" ]
SQuAD
Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 u...
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How many people started the National Geographic Society?
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[ "33" ]
SQuAD
Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 u...
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Bell was the second president of what magazine?
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[ "National Geographic Society" ]
SQuAD
Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 u...
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What field did Bell later work in, apart from optical telecommunications and aeronautics?
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[ "hydrofoils" ]
SQuAD
Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 u...
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What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine?
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[ "1898" ]
SQuAD
"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musi...
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cabdb983356a47ee831ac7a6a3865d88
What was Carl Laemmle Jr.'s nickname?
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[ "Junior" ]
SQuAD
"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musi...
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What movie was based on an Edna Ferber novel?
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[ "Show Boat" ]
SQuAD
"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musi...
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In what year was the musical Broadway produced?
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[ "1929" ]
SQuAD
"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musi...
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What movie won the 1930 Academy Award for Best Picture?
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{ "text": [ "All Quiet on the Western Front" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 473 ], "end": [ 502 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 94 ], "end": [ 99 ] } ] }
[ "All Quiet on the Western Front" ]
SQuAD
"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musi...
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39a2596b844c4fd4ae452051b7ffe7c6
What all-color musical did Universal make in 1930?
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{ "text": [ "King of Jazz" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 435 ], "end": [ 446 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "King of Jazz" ]
SQuAD
Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee...
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386836f8b21240dcb85c124d3310c7a5
What company did Laemmle found in June 1909?
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{ "text": [ "Yankee Film Company" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 153 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "Yankee Film Company" ]
SQuAD
Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee...
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ad6ec1d9b3e44f2581587dfa5e8904e6
Who were Laemmle's business partners in the Yankee Film Company?
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{ "text": [ "Abe Stern and Julius Stern" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 187 ], "end": [ 212 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "Abe Stern and Julius Stern" ]
SQuAD
Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee...
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370638f671f543cdbbbe21c3d940f26a
In what city and state was the Independent Moving Pictures Company based?
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{ "text": [ "Fort Lee, New Jersey" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 312 ], "end": [ 331 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "Fort Lee, New Jersey" ]