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149994_3 | over patents is also casting a cloud over the biotechnology industry. The Cetus Corporation, for example, which is banking heavily on the anti-cancer drug interleukin-2, suffered a setback in April when a United States patent on the substance was granted to the Ajinomoto Company of Japan, which has licensed American rights to Hoffmann-La Roche. The depressed market is also likely to make it harder for young companies to get the capital they need to continue product development. Earlier this month, for instance, the NeoRx Corporation of Seattle, the first major biotechnology company to try to go public since the market crash, withdrew its offer when it appeared as if it would not get the price it wanted. Low stock prices and the inability to raise money on the market could in turn bring about a flurry of mergers and equity investments in small companies by large ones. Stuart Weisbrod, a biotechnology analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities, thinks that Biogen N.V., Cetus and Centocor Inc. would be the most likely takeover targets. Meanwhile, analysts say there are some buying opportunities for investors who are patient. Mr. McCamant of the Medical Technology Stock Letter said some stocks are now ''ridiculously cheap.'' Synergen Inc. closed Friday at $6.625 a share, half the price that Eli Lilly & Company paid for a stake two years ago. California Biotechnology Inc. is selling for close to its book value. Mr. McCamant also likes the Xoma Corporation, which is expected to seek approval within the year to market two products. Its stock closed Friday at $10.50, compared with a 52-week high of $25. Mr. Weisbrod of Prudential-Bache is recommending no stocks for short-term gains, but a few for long-term appreciation. One is Centocor, which is considered the leader in a branch of biotechnology known as monoclonal antibodies. Another is Applied Biosystems, which sells equipment for use by biotechnology companies. Goldman, Sachs also recommends Applied Biosystems. Mr. Casdin of Biotech Investor finds Genentech attractive at its lower price. He also likes Amgen Inc., which is expected to be the next genetic engineering company with products on the market. The company, based in Thousand Oaks, Calif., has applied for Government approval to sell erythropoietin, a substance that will be used to treat anemia in kidney dialysis patients. After that, the company hopes to market granulocyte colony stimulating factor, which aids the production of white blood cells that help fight infection. | Market Place; Biotechnology Loses Luster |
150078_0 | LEAD: France's Defense Minister said today that several of the commandos who stormed a cave in the Pacific territory of New Caledonia to free 23 French hostages had committed ''acts contrary to military duty'' and would be punished. France's Defense Minister said today that several of the commandos who stormed a cave in the Pacific territory of New Caledonia to free 23 French hostages had committed ''acts contrary to military duty'' and would be punished. The official, Jean-Pierre Chevenement, suspended an unidentified officer in charge of evacuating the Melanesian separatists who were captured in the assault May 5 on a grotto on the New Caledonian island of Ouvea. Members of the main separatist group, the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front, have called the assault ''a colonial massacre'' and accused the commandos of shooting three Melanesians after they had surrendered. Two soldiers and 19 Melanesian separatists died in the assault, which took place three days before the second round of the French presidential election. Hotly Debated Issue With the first round of France's legislative elections scheduled for June 5, the assault to free the hostages has become a hotly debated issue. Many Socialists have charged that the Government of Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, in an effort to win votes, was too eager to use force rather than negotiations to free the hostages. Mr. Chirac's defenders note that President Francois Mitterrand approved the assault and add that there had been no progress in two weeks of negotiations with the separatists. After his defeat by Mr. Mitterrand in the presidential election, Mr. Chirac resigned as Prime Minister, and his conservative Government was replaced by a Socialist-led Cabinet that included Mr. Chevenement. In a meeting with journalists today, Mr. Chevenement said: ''All those who may have impugned the honor of the army will be mercilessly pursued. They will be severely punished.'' He added, however, that the acts ''involved only some soldiers, and not the honor of the army.'' 'Some Points to Clear Up' Leaders of the separatist group assert that Alphonse Dianou, the chief of the hostage takers, was shot in the knee after having surrendered. They say he bled to death after someone ripped out the intravenous solution used to sustain him. Mr. Chevenement said today that ''there remain some points to clear up after the removal of Dianou.'' Military officials say that the commandos did nothing wrong and assert that Mr. Dianou | France to Discipline Soldiers In Caledonia Rescue Assault |
149949_0 | LEAD: BRITISH and American researchers are experimenting with what they hope will be the first reliable predictor of which breast cancers will recur or spread. BRITISH and American researchers are experimenting with what they hope will be the first reliable predictor of which breast cancers will recur or spread. If the laboratory test proves reliable in studies over the next several years, it will help doctors solve a critical problem in caring for the 130,000 American women who develop breast cancer each year: deciding who needs chemotherapy or hormonal therapy to prevent recurrence and who can safely be spared the discomfort and risks of such treatment. A prognosis is generally based on the presence of cancer in nearby lymph nodes and certain features of the cancerous cells. Many women with breast cancer do not need the additional treatment, but doctors do not know how to identify them. Only 10 days ago, in an unusual and urgent announcement based on new and unpublished studies, the National Cancer Institute advised physicians to consider prescribing chemotherapy or hormonal therapy after the initial surgery, even in women in whom there is no evidence that the cancer has spread. The new advice was based on studies, still unpublished, showing that many of these women were suffering recurrences of cancer that might have been prevented by chemotherapy. In the experimental new technique, scientists in London and New York have separately developed tests that allow them to identify, even in tiny numbers, cancerous cells that have spread to the bone marrow. Doctors are not sure whether the presence of cancerous cells in the bone marrow will foretell recurrence of breast cancer in all cases. So the researchers are doing additional studies by following the women who agree to participate in the study over time. Researchers from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York found cancerous cells in the bone marrow of 18 of 51 women with breast cancer, or 35 percent, in a group in whom no cancerous cells could be detected in the marrow by conventional tests, according to a report in the May issue of The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. Using the new test, these researchers also found cancerous cells in the marrow of 6 of 22, or 27 percent, of women with no evidence that cancer had spread to the lymph nodes, whereas cancerous cells were found in the marrow of 12 | New Test May Predict Recurrence Of Cancer In Breast |
141572_0 | LEAD: The growth rate of the world's population is higher than many experts predicted only a few years ago, according to a new study. The global population, now more than 5.1 billion, is now growing by about 1.7 percent a year and is expected to reach 6 billion by the year 1998, according to the Population Reference Bureau, a research organization in Washington. The growth rate of the world's population is higher than many experts predicted only a few years ago, according to a new study. The global population, now more than 5.1 billion, is now growing by about 1.7 percent a year and is expected to reach 6 billion by the year 1998, according to the Population Reference Bureau, a research organization in Washington. At the current rate, human numbers will double in about 40 years. Populations in developed countries are rising by only 0.6 percent annually but in less developed countries by 2.1 percent. Projections by the United Nations and other groups have assumed that birth rates in poorer countries would decline steadily. But this has not occurred in many of the most populous countries, including China, India, Pakistan, Egypt and Iran, said Carl Haub and Mary Kent, the demographers who compiled the data. In China, with 1.087 billion residents the world's most populous country, the birth rate actually rose slightly in 1986 despite stringent antifertility policies. However, at 1.4 percent, China's rate of increase remains much lower than that of most other poor nations. In India, with 817 million people the world's second most populous nation, an earlier trend toward declining birth rates appears to have halted, and the growth rate is 2.0 percent. And in Africa, where the population is growing at 2.9 percent, faster than in any other continent, birth rates could ''actually rise before beginning any downward path,'' Mr. Haub said. Nearly half of Africans are under the age of 15 and will soon enter their reproductive years. The demographers said the data dispute ''a popular notion that the era of rapid population growth is over.'' SCIENCE WATCH | Population Growth |
143450_0 | LEAD: Musical expression is related to personality and character, but not in a direct correspondence. Moving embodiment of the highest moral aspirations can spring from the pens of people whose lives are depressing studies in expediency, and witty people can write music that is earnest and bland. Musical expression is related to personality and character, but not in a direct correspondence. Moving embodiment of the highest moral aspirations can spring from the pens of people whose lives are depressing studies in expediency, and witty people can write music that is earnest and bland. From Mikis Theodorakis, who has won the admiration of thousands as a resistance figure, youth organizer and opponent of authoritarianism in Greece, one might expect music of heroic struggle or bold, telling populist strokes. But though these were indeed attempted at times in Mr. Theodorakis's Third Symphony, an 80-minute work with chorus and soprano solo heard Saturday evening at Alice Tully Hall, the music speaks instead mostly of dogged application of formula and uncertainty over direction and purpose. The symphony is largely a setting of ''The Deranged Mother,'' by the 19th-century poet Dionysus Salomos. One movement - the third of four -is based instead on an old church hymn; it presents patriotic sentiment more or less unmediated and is on those terms successful. There is also a well-conceived soprano solo, in octaves with the cellos, in the first movement (Marianna Christos was the soloist). The remainder eventually sinks under the weight of sequences, fugatos and thematic reiteration. The Little Orchestra Society, the Metropolitan singers and the Greek Choral Society, under Dino Anagnost, gave their all; it sounded as though more orchestral rehearsal time might have come in handy, but enough came through to give a clear idea of the piece. | Review/Concert; A Symphony Of Greek Music And Greek Voice |
147502_1 | a letter to employees, ''have typically resisted efforts to reward superior achievement with greater compensation or to allow supervisors and employees to vary the way they work in response to their special needs and capabilities.'' The organizers retorted with such slogans as, ''We can't eat prestige.'' The clerks and technicians, who make an average salary of $18,000, voted 1,530 to 1,486, in the largest turnout ever for such an election at a private university, to join the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees. Members of AFSCME, one of the few unions that is growing, hardly fit the old-style blue-collar stereotypes; as at Harvard, they are educated, mostly white collar and predominantly female. While AFSCME and other unions have done well among government employees, other, more traditional unions have brought few private-sector office workers into their ranks - not least because many union leaders saw little reason to spend the time and money needed to organize them. Particularly in unions with blue-collar traditions, it has been long held that office workers, most of them women, are impossible to organize because they are too loyal to employers or too fearful of losing their jobs. The Harvard victory may help to dispel that view. Even on campuses, however, the public sector is more likely to be unionized than the private. In recent years the clerical staffs of many private universities, including Yale, Columbia and the University of Chicago, have proved fertile ground for union organizers. But in a 1986 survey, the center at Baruch College found that 52 percent of clerical workers were unionized at the 100 largest public universities, with nearly three-quarters of that number organized since 1970; at private universities 26 percent of clerical workers were union members. It remains to be seen, too, whether the victories at Harvard and at other universities signal a takeoff in organized labor's drive to appeal to new workers, or merely a blip in an inexorable downward trend. For one thing, universities have little in common with most clerical workplaces in the private sector. Unlike most corporate offices, for example, universities tend to be readily accessible to the public - and to union organizers. And a university is highly unlikely to consider relocating to avoid unionization. By contrast, few private white-collar workplaces have proven congenial to pro-union sentiment. In 1985, for example, nine unions, including the Communications Workers of America and the Service | HOW LABOR BROADENED ITS BEACHHEAD IN THE IVY LEAGUE |
147365_2 | nearly 30 years. Fortunately, perhaps, for Athens, she lost the war and went on to become the commercial and artistic center of the Greek world, with a revived form of constitutional democracy that avoided most of the excesses of her imperial days. Sparta was ruined by victory; lucky post-imperial Athens whose chief vice was nostalgia for a lost past. The psychology of this imperial decline was the central theme of Thucydides, the first and perhaps greatest political scientist, who began writing at the start of the war in 431 B.C. In the ancient world many tried to follow in his footsteps, either continuing from where he left off abruptly in 411 B.C., or emulating his account for another period; only those who were writing universal histories from the beginning to the end of time dared to compete with him on his own ground. Unless I am mistaken, that powerful taboo has continued until the present. The closest precedent for Donald Kagan's massive four-volume history, which is completed with the present volume, seems to be the lively and topical sketch by B. W. Henderson which proclaims its generation in its title, ''The Great War Between Athens and Sparta.'' More recent scholars have chosen to comment on rather than to compete with Thucydides; one of the monuments of the scholarship of the last generation was the five-volume commentary begun by A. W. Gomme in 1945 and completed by A. Andrewes and K. J. Dover in 1981. The most useful aspect of this present work by Mr. Kagan is the fact that it continues the historical narrative past the point where Thucydides stops, into the uncharted waters of his inferior successor Xenophon, until the fall of Athens in 404 B.C. Mr. Kagan is a careful and professional historian, but he cannot of course compete with Thucydides; he lacks his tragic vision, his understanding of human psychology and the advantage of being alive at the time of the events he describes. Still there are compensations in the longer vision; and Thucydides can be criticized, for such faults as ignoring the role of the individual in creating, or at least revealing, social change and (especially in the last stage of the war) for lacking the wider vision that allowed Herodotus to see the Greek cities as border mice playing while the Persian cat looked on. Mr. Kagan has in fact chosen to concentrate the Thucydidean | DECLINE TO GLORY |
147530_2 | substance and imposing an administrative fine, or none at all, and sending the possessor along his way. In Miami, a lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union described the new policy as ''selective enforcement of the worst sort'' and moved to take the case of the owner of a confiscated boat into Federal court next week. ''I have the sense that the public is stupefied by the Federal Government wasting money on this program which violates Fourth Amendment guarantees against unwarranted search and seizure of property,'' said the attorney, Barbara Levinson. The change in policy has meant that such minor drug offenses can bring about the forfeiture of a vehicle or boat worth thousands or tens of thousands of dollars. The boat or vehicle can be auctioned by the Government, which keeps the proceeds, or it may eventually be returned to the owner, often at great cost in fines and legal fees. In Key West, Fla., David Phelps, a shrimp fisherman, said he still cannot find where his 73-foot boat was taken after Coast Guardsmen seized it on May 3, saying they found three grams of marijuana seeds and stems aboard it. Customs officials then sold the boat's eight-day haul of shrimp for $5,827 and kept it, according to the the captain's wife, Lorraine Phelps. ''It's been three weeks, and we're still getting the runaround from Customs about trying to petition to get the boat back,'' said Mrs. Phelps. ''We've had to sell a piece of property we have just to keep paying our bills, which now includes $2,500 to retain a lawyer to help us.'' Many Motor Vehicles Seized Though much of the publicity has focused on the seizure of boats, far more motor vehicles have been seized, chiefly along the nation's borders. In the period from March 21 to May 10, according to Customs officials, there were 1,135 seizures of personal property used to convey small amounts of illegal drugs, usually marijuana cigarettes. The value of the vehicles seized nationaly in that period was more than $12 million, the officials said. These are typical of the incidents and complaints that have occurred since the new policy was put into effect: * In Federal Court in Seattle last week, a woman said Customs inspectors at the Canadian border used tweezers to remove one-tenth of a gram of marijuana from the bottom of her purse before they arrested her and | Tighter Federal Drug Dragnet Yields Cars, Boats and Protests |
147610_2 | growth,'' he said, ''has collided with the low birth rate of the early 1960's, with the resulting shortage of young people. The high cost of housing doesn't help; it is a contributing factor - young people can't afford to live here.'' Employers are trying everything to find young workers, Mr. Bierman said. ''Some are offering cash bonuses to employees who bring in friends, others offer hourly wages way above the minimum, and flexible work hours,'' he said. ''The career-information day was an effective way for the haves and have-nots to get together. Everybody wins. Prospective employers were able to show their wares to large numbers of potential employees.'' Joseph Campbell, director of pupil personnel services for the Mount Vernon school district, who helped plan the career-day program, said the event gave students who were not bound for college an unusual opportunity to meet business representatives who had jobs to offer. ''Finding a job in a company is a hard thing to do independently for most young people,'' Mr. Campbell said. ''These kids don't have contacts. They don't know how to go about interviewing. Part of the preparation for the career-day interviews started in the high schools; with guidance counselors helping each student put together a resume.'' Danielle Laino, an 18-year-old senior at Dobbs Ferry High School, is an honor-roll student. Ms. Laino, who said she would like a job using computers, met with the representatives of nine companies, including International Business Machines and several insurance concerns. ''I think it was great,'' she said. ''I had a terrific opportunity to find out what's available out there. I'm interested in a job that's not just a job, but one that leads to a career. The companies that offer tuition assistance for taking college or business-school courses especially interested me.'' The reaction of the companies that participated was also enthusiastic. ''The career fair was absolutely terrific,'' said Gina Ayoub, employment manager for the Bloomingdale's department store in White Plains. ''The students were impressive. They came well-prepared and asked good questions. We made seven appointments for interviews at the store the following Saturday and took about 15 other resumes. It was such a golden opportunity for us that I'd like to see it held semiannually.'' Representatives of Bloomingdale's came to the career day to fill 20 sales positions with starting salaries averaging $5 an hour. ''We are competing with other retailers, with banks, insurance | Seeking the Elusive Entry-Level Worker |
147606_3 | and air conditioning, some argue, when this money could be earmarked for supported work staff? Parents, generally, are also favorable to the idea of supported work. They have been present at case reviews through the years where they have been told about the minimal advances of their children. They have seen their children sit in a workshop year after year ''not getting anywhere.'' Supported work offers these parents a chance to see their children work in an office building or a factory or a store ''just like everyone else.'' And so the workshops find themselves in a precarious position. After many years of struggling to offer good services, after years of trying to expand vocatonal opportunities and support services, the workshop is now sometimes seen as the dirty word in the field of rehabilitation. Most workshops, though, are moving cautiously. They know the danger in closing their doors too fast. They have seen their clients rejected before, and they know the retarded are the first to go in a layoff. Just as deinstitutionalization has been wrought with problems (communities still fight the opening of group homes), supported work, too, will not be an easy panacea. Supported work should not be seen as an all or none movement. Placing the retarded in the community does not automatically remove their stigma and the ridicule. Having a retarded individual next to a nonretarded person in a normal work situation does not automatically lead to integration. The question of where the retarded client is happier is often overlooked by proponents of supported work. Also overlooked are the advances the workshops have made. Some offer their clients learning opportunities that range from micrographics to horticulture. The workshops have come a long way from the time the clients sorted buttons all day. New movements can be exciting, but they are never a quick answer to long-standing problems. Workshops are as valid for some as supported work is for others. The goal of all of us who work with the retarded is independence for our ''clients.'' We know that self-esteem can only be achieved through work. But we see many varieties of work as possible. For some it will be work in a factory with a job coach. For others it will be work in the mailroom in a workshop. The ultimate choice has to be given to the retarded, those whose life it affects. WESTCHESTER OPINION | A New Direction For the Retarded |
147355_5 | say, outside, upon their enemies. He summons them to liberate themselves from Poland, to give primacy to their humanity over their nationality and to join him, Gombrowicz, an attentive reader of Nietzsche and Dostoyevsky, in meeting the problems of human existence head on. He was an atheist and as such had to cope with Polish Roman Catholic religiosity. In the ''Diary'' he considers the church as close to his own views because of its distrust of man, and also because it divides man into the divine and human components, which roughly corresponds to Gombrowicz's duality of life and consciousness: ''Literature does not have a hard time coming to an understanding with a profound and tragic Catholicism.'' He says also: ''The Teaching . . . is our ally in the struggle to destroy all those lofty edifices that we build today and in the struggle to attain nakedness and simplicity and ordinary, elementary virtue.'' This does not mean, however, that he has no harsh words for Polish Catholicism which he reproaches with being a religion of children relying on a protective father, and with making God ''a pistol with which you want to kill Marx'' -thus with inauthenticity. Under the surface, however, he suspects ''another penetrating, sharp, sober knowledge'' in Poland, akin to his own thinking. A Japanese philosopher, Keji Nishitani, speaks of the ''subjectivisation of atheism'' in the West from Nietzsche to Sartre. The term would apply to Gombrowicz's preoccupation with consciousnesses, his sense of man assuming roles in response to how he is seen by others. Gombrowicz gives to that constant interdependence of consciousness the name ''inter-human church.'' Similarities can be found between his approach and Sartre's passages where the Frenchman practices a sort of existential psychoanalysis of social roles. The ''Diary,'' however, is a battleground where the author confronts Parisian intellectual fashions. In this he is faithful to his criticism of writers from small or young countries like Poland or Argentina, who traditionally have tried to out-Parisianize Paris. He makes fun of Borges and other Argentinian luminaries for keeping their noses in books, impervious to the surrounding Argentinian reality. Thus he advises a writer from cultural peripheries to stand his ground instead of being lured into imitation. Nothing exemplifies better Gombrowicz's humorous detachment than what he notes down after having read a book (today forgotten), ''Le Communisme'' by a French Marxist, Dionys Mascolo. He writes: ''Extraordinarily wise'' and | INTELLECTUAL ORGIES WERE NOT FOR HIM |
147517_2 | sold by larger and more established seed companies. An Eye to Supermarkets Seeds Blum and the other new companies also say the rare varieties they have made available could just as easily be grown by commercial farmers and sold in supermarkets. One of Seed Blum's most popular items is a flavorful tomato as big as a man's hand that Ms. Blum obtained from a gardener in New York. ''There's absolutely no reason this couldn't be grown by farmers,'' Ms. Blum said. ''And there are 100 other varieties we sell that could be planted on a larger scale than they are now. We need more diversity in our agriculture.'' The movement to expand the number of crop plants by collecting, preserving and disseminating seeds, particularly old lines, has spread swiftly. Major agricultural universities are beginning to preserve seeds collected by breeders of plants; in the past those seeds would have been discarded. Big seed companies, among them Pioneer Hi-bred International of Iowa, are looking with new interest at their collections of plant germ plasm, the hereditary material in seeds. especially since techniques for moving genes from one species of plant to another have become easier and more precise. Farmers Are Joining In And farmers are turning over their collectted rare seeds to groups like the Grain Exchange. It is a two-year-old organization established at the Land Institute in Salina, Kans., to preserve and distribute rare varieties of wheat, sorghum and other grains that have fallen from favor with major grain growers. In Decorah, Iowa, a similar group, the Seed Savers Exchange, is preserving thousands of vegetable varieties. This year, Congress added $7.4 million, a 40 percent increase, to the budget of the Agriculture Department's National Plant Germplasm System, a 10-state network of field stations and storage centers where seeds are stored and tested. Congress has budgeted $11 million to build an addition on the National Seed Storage Laboratory in Fort Collins, Colo. ''The bells are ringing,'' said Dr. Henry L. Shands, the head of the National Plant Germplasm System. ''Plant genetic resources are the basis of our agriculture and they must be protected.'' Companies Aren't Keeping Up But few seed companies, however, are guarding rare and endangered plant germ plasm as well, or expanding as fast as Seeds Blum. Ms. Blum founded the company in 1981, seven years after she came to this tiny community from Los Angeles to help an | New Industry Is Growing From Neglected Seeds |
143670_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: New York State Environmental Conservation Commissioner Thomas Jorling's letter (April 6) in support of Governor Cuomo's legislative attempt to claim unredeemed ''bottle bill'' deposits illustrates the in-adequacy of the funding mechanism for solid waste management thus far pursued in Albany. Despite some suggestions in recent bills (like a packaging tax on unrecyclable and wasteful packaging or a surcharge on new tires) that would create new funds for waste disposal, the Commissioner and the Governor have persisted in focusing on an initiative that has failed many times and shows no promise of passing this year. Ironically, reassignment to the state of money from unredeemed deposits that has gone to industry via the badly written Returnable Container Law would put the Department of Environmental Conservation in the awkward position of benefiting from a law that would not accomplish what it was intended to do. The fewer the bottles and cans returned, the more money the state would have to use for its own purpose. Those who want the bottle bill to work for litter control and recycling could not support such a notion. It would be better if the Commissioner and the Governor were to put their power behind several bills to be addressed in the Legislature after the 1988 budget passes. These measures, which appeared as part of a large bill earlier in the session, are aimed not only at raising new revenues to help solve the solid waste crisis, but at the problematic parts of the waste stream as well: unrecyclable plastic and composite packages; overpackaging that creates more trash; tires that cannot be handled adequately in landfills or incinerators, and batteries that release toxic heavy metals. Their safe disposal or recycling would also allow the state to receive certain taxes and fees to be kept segregated and used for waste management. Finally, the Returnable Container Law, which has received the Governor's rapt attention the last few sessions, should be amended to include a raise in the deposit on non-refillable containers to 10 cents; a strengthening in the effective ability of redemption centers to be recycling stations, and the establishment of a regulation to allow industry and the state to split any unredeemed deposits that accrue. These improvements, plus a recommitment to recycling of returns, could serve both the substance and financing of a more thorough waste management system in New York State. | Redeem New York's Bottle Bill for Litter Control and Recycling |
143726_1 | of the primary cables,'' Mr. Watson said. American bridge designers, however, accuse Mr. Watson and other critics of exaggerating the problems and raising an unnecessary alarm. They say that cable-stayed bridges in the United States, where a half dozen have been built since 1971, use improved technologies that provide ample protection from corrosion, and that the advantages far outweigh the problems. The questions about this new generation of bridges arise at a time when local and regional governments around the world are already struggling with the expensive problem of repairing or replacing older bridges whose useful lives have been cut short by the deferral of routine maintenance. More than 200 of the world's largest bridges - nearly all of the large bridges built in the last two decades in Europe, North and South America and Asia - now use the cable-stay design. So do all but two of the two dozen proposals for replacing the deteriorating Williamsburg Bridge in New York City. The roadways of suspension bridges are held up by vertical cables attached to enormous main cables that hang in an arc between the supporting towers. By contrast, cable-stay bridges use cables that fan downward directly from the towers. The new design has proved both relatively inexpensive and esthetically spectacular. Since the aftermath of World War II, when German engineers began using cable-stayed bridges to replace the major Rhine crossings destroyed by bombing, they have been constructed wherever engineers needed to support a span of about 700 to 2,200 feet. For longer spans, suspension bridges are still better, mainly because cable-stayed bridges require taller towers. Although they have not completed their worldwide survey, Mr. Watson and a colleague, David Stafford, have been giving a series of talks to publicize their findings within the engineering profession, and they have published their assertions in an unusual cover article in the current issue of Civil Engineering, a professional journal of the American Society of Civil Engineers. 'Serious Danger' Most of the world's cable-stayed bridges, they wrote, ''are in serious danger because corrosion is attacking their cables.'' To protect against corrosion, designers have used a variety of techniques, they added, ''and nearly all those methods have failed to one extent or another.'' They emphasized that they are not challenging the cable-stay design; they believe it will continue to be the design of choice for all but the very longest bridges. But they say | Modern Bridge Design Attacked As Too Vulnerable to Corrosion |
143709_1 | a result, we are experiencing a growing number of underwritten deals by companies that are not in dire need of funds but are coming to the market in anticipation of higher rates later on. The general consensus out there is that the economy is going to continue to expand, inflation is beginning to increase and, therefore, regardless of the need for funds, corporate treasurers are moving ahead to get funding that might be needed later. Q. With interest rates uncertain, how will you maintain profit stability? A. We are forced to earn our profit by creating value over and above the direction of interest rates. We can't rely on interest rate bets for that. One of the reasons we have been able to earn a profit is that we have remained consistently hedged in what we do. As soon as we have a commitment, we are hedged - what we call the passive hedge. This requires a coordinated effort between the investment banking group, the product areas and the sales side of the business. In the last three years here, a team effort has been formed among those three groups and that has been a significant factor in our success. The business has become a lot more fun than it used to be, I can tell you that. A few years back, it was just taking down the bonds and hoping the rates went your way and selling the bonds out through a syndicate - for the most part, all plain vanilla. But today, the plain vanilla deal is an exception. Q. What changed in the market that made the ''vanilla'' deals the exception? A. There was a tendency for corporate borrowers to create bidding contests among the underwriters and it was very difficult for the underwriters to make a profit. The market was almost entirely based on the execution capabilities of the underwriters. Over the past two to three years, we have seen significant transformation in the market where creativity has become as important as execution. Now, the successful investment banker must be able to create new value products as well as execute. Many of our underwritings today are the result of an effort between our people and our clients in the area of liability management where we are incorporating an option in the deal that provides the issuer and the investor with added flexibility. Q. Has that change | Talking Business with Vasey of Merrill Lynch; New Creativity In Underwriting |
143707_0 | LEAD: ''WE want only the best and the brightest.'' This has become a cliche whenever corporate personnel directors look for new graduates with a bachelor's or master's degree. ''WE want only the best and the brightest.'' This has become a cliche whenever corporate personnel directors look for new graduates with a bachelor's or master's degree. Vicki B. Lynn, director of the Career Development Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, says the cliche has become so embedded in corporate thinking that many companies hamper themselves in hiring good future managers. ''I think they miss a lot of talent, and they also miss many women students and minorities,'' she said. A few years ago, Mrs. Lynn recalled, the General Electric Company asked her where the top 10 percent of Rensselaer seniors went after graduation. ''We want to know how to attract them,'' G.E. said. She took a survey and found most of the A and A- people attending graduate school. Companies would fare better, she suggested, by seeking students with lower grades - B, B- and even C+. ''Students with these lower grade-point averages often have the knack of doing applied engineering - something that companies want,'' she said. The top students often pursue academic careers or theoretical work, she said, while students with lower grades tend to be more interested in practical work. Mrs. Lynn acknowledged that ''my ideas have not had much impact.'' Although ''personnel people for corporations tell me they agree,'' she added, they ''have trouble getting through to their line managers.'' Another corporate fallacy, she said, is failure to differentiate between colleges. A B- student at Harvard or Stanford, for example, might be the equivalent of an A student at some lesser institution. Robert K. Weatherall, director of the Office of Career Services at Massachusetts of Technology, said recruiters should be asked, ''Do you really want a horse that comes in first on an ordinary day at Suffolk Downs or a horse that comes in fourth in the Kentucky Derby?'' His conclusion: ''Too many big firms go for Suffolk Downs, unfortunately. The insistence on high grade-point averages distresses all of us.'' Some medium-size and small companies, however, have begun to show interest in students with less than top grades, he said. New software companies are generally not so interested in grades, perhaps because some of those companies' founders were technicians who, though brilliant, did not finish college. ''The difficulty | Careers; High Grades A Corporate Fetish, Still |
148336_0 | LEAD: The Customs Service and Coast Guard have altered part of their aggressive campaign against illegal drugs, a spokesman for the Customs Service said Monday. The Customs Service and Coast Guard have altered part of their aggressive campaign against illegal drugs, a spokesman for the Customs Service said Monday. David Hoover, the spokesman, said that under new guidelines the Coast Guard would no longer seize American-flag vessels in international waters for possession of small amounts of drugs. The Coast Guard will, however, still be free to confiscate ships where there is evidence that they are being used to traffick in drugs. International waters begin 12 miles offshore. ''Outside is high seas as far as we are concerned,'' said Mr. Hoover. ''Inside are called in legal terms Customs waters.'' In other respects, he said, the anti-drug program of the Commissioner of Customs, William von Raab, will continue. Shreds of Marijuana The program, which began March 21, has been criticized for impounding yachts bearing shreds of marijuana. For example, the Coast Guard seized the $2.5 million yacht Ark Royal in international waters off Mexico after finding less than one-tenth an ounce of marijuana aboard. Mr. Hoover said that such publicized seizures might have been a factor in revising the guidelines, which was reported in Tuesday's issue of The Washington Post. He mentioned the Ark Royal, where ''the seizure was made on a such a small amount.'' The yacht was returned to her owner after a $1,600 fine was paid. The seizure policy drew more attention when the charter yacht Monkey Business, which carried former Senator Gary Hart and Donna Rice to Bimini earlier this year, was seized recently when Coast Guard officials found a marijuana cigarette aboard. So far, more than 1,100 boats, cars and motorcycles have been seized after drugs in any quantity were found on them. The combined value of the vehicles is more than $12 million. NO SOFTENING, DEPARTMENT SAYS WASHINGTON, May 24 (Special to The New York Times) - The Justice Department today disputed any idea that the Administration had softened its drug policy. Patrick Korten, the department's chief spokesman, quoted Attorney General Edwin Meese 3d as saying the change was merely an ''operational refinement'' designed to insure that the cases brought would hold up in court. ''This does not in any way detract from the policy of zero tolerance, which will continue as before,'' Mr. Korten said. | Ship Seizure Policy Is Revised |
148580_1 | but have too much income to qualify for the increasingly narrow restrictions of Federal loan and grant programs. These concerns lend money supplied by commercial banks at interest rates that are higher than available for commercial loans but are on terms that are favorable to college students. Borrowers need not put up collateral, have up to 20 years to repay and are excused from paying on the principal while still in school. With college costs rising, loans have become a regular feature of higher education, More than 43 percent of the students from four-year colleges graduate in debt, according to the American Council on Education. The College Board estimates the average size of the debt at $6,700 for graduates of public institutions and $9,100 for graduates of private colleges and universities. The surprise, though, is the number of middle- and upper-middle-income people who now find colleges unaffordable and are turning to such companies as TERI. Average Income Is $52,000 Ernest T. Freeman, president of the institute, said the average annual income of applicants for TERI loans was $52,000. He also said his company lent $32 million last year, its second full year of operation, and expects to nearly double that amount this year. Other companies with similar loan programs are the Concern Loan Program of Washington, the Education Credit Corporation of Texas and the Student Loan Marketing Corporation, which was formed by an act of Congress. Tuition and fees exceed $12,000 a year at many private institutions served by TERI, and $2,000 a year at public colleges and universities. At the same time, Federal programs offering tuition loans at 8 percent generally exclude families with incomes exceeding $30,000 if one dependent is in school. Restrictions and Expenses With such restrictions and expenses, many of the most frugal families do not have the resources to save for their children's education. ''I have a young M.B.A. working for me with two children,'' Mr. Freeman said. ''He recognizes the need to save, but he also has to pay the bills and feed his children.'' Nearly 80 percent of the institutes's loans, which averaged $7,635 a year as of February, are to students attending four-year private schools. More than 1,500 schools either refer students to the TERI or have enrolled students whose education is being financed by the institure. The Education Resources Institute and the other companies fill a need that many banks cannot. | Students Turning to Nonprofit Companies for Tuition Loans |
148415_0 | LEAD: The most volatile issue inherited by France's new Prime Minister, Michel Rocard, grew hotter today when a French soldier shot and killed a Melanesian in the South Pacific territory of New Caledonia. The most volatile issue inherited by France's new Prime Minister, Michel Rocard, grew hotter today when a French soldier shot and killed a Melanesian in the South Pacific territory of New Caledonia. As a result, leaders of New Caledonia's independence movement refused to meet today with a French reconciliation mission. Mr. Rocard's Socialist Government sent the mission to the Pacific archipelago four days ago to ''reestablish dialogue.'' In a communique today, the French military said a French soldier shot and killed the Melanesian, Albert Poitie, this morning after a soldier on patrol saw Mr. Poitie reaching for what the soldier said was a gun. According to the Kanak Liberation Party, a separatist group in the French-administered territory, Mr. Poitie was unarmed and was ''coldly shot down without warning.'' The military began an investigation into the shooting. Troubled Relations Relations between France and the Melanesians of New Caledonia have fallen to their lowest point in years after French troops launched an assault on May 5 that ended in the deaths of 19 Melanesian separatists who were holding 23 French hostages. Two French soldiers died in the siege, but the hostages, most of them gendarmes, escaped unharmed. When the separatists began seizing hostages on April 22, they killed four gendarmes. Many Kanaks, as the Melanesians of New Caledonia are known, have accused French commandos of killing 3 of the 19 separatists after a French assault team captured the secluded grotto where the hostages were held. French officials deny this charge. In addition, with French legislative elections approaching, Socialist officials have echoed Kanak charges by asserting that the previous French Government, under the conservative Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, was too eager to solve the hostage crisis by force rather than negotiation. Hours before the New Caledonia assault, three French hostages in Lebanon were released, and Mr. Chirac was quickly criticized for negotiated a deal with the Arab captors. Gripped by Crisis The hostage crisis in New Caledonia weighed heavily on Mr. Chirac for two weeks as his presidential campaign against the incumbent, Francois Mitterrand, drew to a close. The assault to free the hostages was carried out three days before the French voting. Jean-Pierre Chevenement, France's new Defense Minister, speaking | A French Delegation to New Caledonia Is Rebuffed |
148362_0 | LEAD: The Environmental Protection Agency today approved field tests of a genetically altered corn pesticide, which has the potential to reduce farm use of chemicals. The Environmental Protection Agency today approved field tests of a genetically altered corn pesticide, which has the potential to reduce farm use of chemicals. The E.P.A. will allow a Maryland biopesticide company, the Crop Genetics International Corporation, to conduct two field tests this summer with corn plants whose seeds have been inoculated against the Euroopean corn borer. If successful, the new pesticide could be available to the public by 1990, with estimates of annual potential sales of $100 million, said Crops Genetics, which is based in Hanover, Md. The European corn borer is one of the most serious and economically damaging corn pests, infecting at least 40 million acres of United States corn every year. The corn seeds will be injected with a microbe that has been altered genetically with a one-celled bacterium. The company expects to vaccinate the corn seeds within the next two weeks. The tests will occur at two Maryland locations, including the Agriculture Department's research center outside Washington. Crop Genetics is also planning field tests of the vaccine this summer in France. | Corn Pesticide Tests Backed |
141665_0 | LEAD: Despite the increased momentum of anti-drug operations in Bolivia, new plantings of coca bush dot the main growing area for the raw material of cocaine. Despite the increased momentum of anti-drug operations in Bolivia, new plantings of coca bush dot the main growing area for the raw material of cocaine. Drug experts and political leaders say peasants are gambling that the currently depressed market for coca leaves will improve before the seedlings produce their first harvest, four to seven months from now. A severe shortage of money for the Government to carry out crop substitution and relocation programs leaves the peasants with almost no option but to continue planting coca, even with the price uncertainty, the experts and politicians said. Senator Juan Luzio, chairman of the Narcotics Committee of the Bolivian Senate, said ''hundreds of hectares'' of new coca plantings had been noted recently along the main road through the Chapare, the tropical rain forest northeast of Cochabamba that produces a third of the world's cocaine. New Jobs Are Urged Other members of the Bolivian Congress said this shows that efforts to halt cocaine production at the source will have little success until much larger amounts of money are invested in finding other jobs for peasants or other crops for them to grow. ''We think the only way to combat drug trafficking is by creating jobs'' said Freddy Vargas, chairman of the Justice Committee of the Chamber of Deputies. ''People migrated to the coca areas for such reasons as a lack of water where they were or because they were growing crops that could be harvested just once a year.'' He added: ''The United States has to look for an integral solution that will help the country develop economically so we absorb that labor. Who is it who cultivates coca? Those on the margin.'' Drugs experts say the price of coca leaves has been below production cost in the Chapare for almost two years now, driven there by a combination of the surplus of finished cocaine on the world market and frequent raids on processing laboratories. Peasants are reported to be receiving about $20 for a hundred pounds of leaves, down from $100 two years ago and an average of $350 four years ago. Police Confiscate Chemicals The raids, conducted by Bolivian drug police accompanied by agents of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, are said to have frightened | BOLIVIAN PEASANTS PIN HOPES ON COCA |
141819_0 | LEAD: ''Education,'' wrote Epictetus, ''means this: To be learning what is your own, and what is not your own.'' From the discourses recorded by his student, Arrian, we know that the great Stoic teacher was talking about self-knowledge, the long and difficult journey through the psyche and the soul. ''Education,'' wrote Epictetus, ''means this: To be learning what is your own, and what is not your own.'' From the discourses recorded by his student, Arrian, we know that the great Stoic teacher was talking about self-knowledge, the long and difficult journey through the psyche and the soul. The students who attended his academy in Nicopolis, which was near present-day Preveza, Greece, were not altogether unlike today's undergraduates. Some left the master to enter the professions, some to serve the state, some to drift forever in the life of the mind. All however, likely took with them the same thing - the habit of inquiry. With this in mind, and with graduation at hand, some of the most attentive seniors at Columbia University, Phi Beta Kappas, were asked what they would take forward from their education into the world. What teacher, book or idea for them had the most meaning? Here, in edited versions, are the short essays a handful submitted in reply. Zachary Karabell: As a student of history I spend much of my time studying things which are beyond the personal experience of anyone alive today. During my sophomore year, I had the good fortune to take a seminar on World War II. The professor had served as a medic in the Army between 1943-1945. He told us how it felt when he entered Buchenwald. What he said was so powerful, so absolutely profound and so filled with pathos that even now I find myself affected by the memory of it. He said: ''Passing through the gates of Buchenwald, I saw bodies piled up outside buildings, and this was gruesome enough. But then I went into this very large building. Inside it was dim and as my eyes adjusted to the dark, I realized that there were bodies everywhere. Everywhere there was death, piled and stacked neatly in row after row. As I staggered outside, I thought to myself, this could have been me. Not me lying dead. No! Me wreaking that carnage.'' As he stopped speaking, the class ended. No one moved. No one said a thing. Adam | Lessons |
142603_1 | for three years. A1 Jacques Chirac welcomed the three freed hostages three days before his participation in France's presidential election, saying the way had been opened for normal ties between France and Iran. A6 An Israeli Army two-day raid into southern Lebanon prompted criticism by some Israelis. Fifty houses in a Shiite village were destroyed before the troops returned to Israel. A3 Direct ancestors of early man were apparently not alone in developing the ability to make and use tools, according to a scientist who cited as evidence fossil hands found in a South American cave. A12 Despite U.S. efforts, rift in contra leadership remains A3 La Paz journal: Three versions of a Latin romance A4 Panel deplores superpower proxies in third world A5 17 die as French free hostages in New Caledonia A7 NATIONAL A12-23, A40 The allure of teaching is reviving among both career changers and college students. After a slump in the 1970's and early 1980's, education schools report soaring applications while salaries are rising. A1 A fire ravaged the tallest building in California, killing one man and injuring more than 30 people. The blaze in Los Angeles followed by a few hours an announcement by its occupant, the First Interstate Bank, that it was selling its government bond-trading division. A20 Union officials challenged safety at the rocket-fuel plant in Henderson, Nev., were a series of explosions Wednesday killed at least one person, injured more than 200 and demolished two plants. A20 An explosion and fire rocked a Shell Oil refinery in Norco, La., injuring 42 people and leaving six people missing. The blast tore off roofs and doors of nearby houses and prompted an evacuation of 2,500 residents. A20 A boom in facsimile machines is altering the way people conduct business. The boom is fueled by falling prices and the ability to send a document around the world in about 20 seconds using ordinary telephone lines. A1 The stock market fell broadly for the second consecutive session with a volume of 171.8 million shares. The Dow Jones industrial average closed at 2,020.23, down 16.08. On Wednesday, the index lost 22.05 points. D1 The first black Catholic archbishop in the nation was installed in a ceremony in Atlanta attended by more than 4,500 people. The archbishop is Eugene Antonio Marino, 53, whose hometown is Biloxi, Miss. A12 A Hawaii airline did not have an adequate system to | NEWS SUMMARY |
142571_0 | LEAD: French commandos freed 23 hostages today in the South Pacific territory of New Caledonia in an eight-hour siege in which 15 of the hostages' captors and 2 commandos were killed, the Government said. French commandos freed 23 hostages today in the South Pacific territory of New Caledonia in an eight-hour siege in which 15 of the hostages' captors and 2 commandos were killed, the Government said. The hostages - 22 gendarmes and a magistrate - had been held in a secluded cave for more than a week by Melanesian separatists who are seeking independence for New Caledonia, an archipelago east of Australia. The raid was carried out three days before France's presidential elections and just hours after France began celebrating the release of three hostages held for three years in Lebanon. Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, who is running for president, hailed ''the success of this delicate action,'' and expressed sympathy for the two dead commandos. His Socialist opponent, President Francois Mitterrand, said he was ''very sad'' as a result of the operation, adding that he ''always preferred the other way, the other means, that is to say conciliation, mediation.'' The kidnapping of the hostages last month was seen as an embarrassment to Mr. Chirac in the first round of presidential elections April 24, but political analysts today debated how much the freeing of the 23 hostages would help him in the second round on Sunday. Three of those holding the hostages and three French troops were seriously wounded in the fighting, which occurred on the island of Ouvea. The troops' dawn assault on the cave was greeted by heavy machine-gun fire from the 30 Melanesian rebels, the Government said. The Melanesian group had said the hostages would be released unharmed if France appointed an independent mediator to hold talks on independence for New Caledonia. Melanesians, known as Kanaks, make up 43 percent of the archipelago's population of 145,000, Europeans 36 percent, and Asians and Polynesians the rest. After the raid today, Bernard Pons, the Chirac Government's Minister for Overseas Territories, said: ''We had tried everything possible, routine talks, humanitarian negotiations. But the tension kept increasing, and we concluded that a negotiated solution was no longer possible.'' On April 22, two days before local elections, separatists attacked a gendarme base. They seized 27 hostages and hacked 3 gendarmes to death; another died later of bullet wounds. Two days later, the | 17 Die as French Free Hostages in New Caledonia |
145324_2 | tools they used. The museum, on Shaker Museum Road off County Route 13 one mile south of Old Chatham, is open daily from 10 A.M. to 5 P.M. Admission costs $4.50 for adults; $4 for elderly people, $3 for children 8 to 17 years of age and nothing for children under 8. The charge for a family is $12. Information: (518) 794-9100. DISABILITY IN OTHERS An exhibit intended to promote a better understanding of other people's disabilities can be seen at the Staten Island Children's Museum through July 31. The exhibit, ''What If You Couldn't . . . ?,'' was developed by the Children's Museum, Boston. It is divided into six categories: visual impairment, hearing impairment, physical handicaps, learning disabilities, emotional difficulties and mental retardation. Each category provides special exercises and simulations; visitors can, for instance, try on prosthetic devices or try using a wheel chair. Saturday at 2 P.M., there will be role playing and stories to spur discussions about mental retardation in a workshop called ''A Different View.'' It is recommended for children at least 5 years of age. On June 12, teachers from the Lexington School for the Deaf will instruct children on how to ''Sign A Story.'' The museum, at 1000 Richmond Terrace, Sailor's Snug Harbor, is open from 1 to 4 P.M. Wednesday through Friday and from 11 A.M. to 5 P.M. Saturday and Sunday. Admission is $2 for children 3 and older. Information: (718) 273-2060. MELANESIAN ART ''The Lidz Collection: Art of Melanesia,'' a collection of 40 artifacts from the South Pacific islands, is being presented to the public at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History through Aug. 8. An elaborately carved canoe prow, bark cloth, wooden masks, shields and musical instruments are part of a diverse collection of Melanesian art selected by Drs. Ruth and Theodore Lidz and donated to the museum last year. The collection represents the culmination of an interest in Pacific cultures that has spanned over 40 years. The museum, 170 Whitney Avenue in New Haven, is open from 9 A.M. to 4:45 P.M. Monday through Saturday and from 1 to 4:45 P.M. Sunday and holidays. Admission costs $2 for adults. $1.50 for elderly people and $1 for children 5 to 15 years of age. Children under 5 are admitted free. There is no cost for anyone on Tuesdays. Information: the Peabody InfoTape (203) 432-5050; the EventsTape (203) 432-5799. | GOINGS ON IN NORTHEAST |
145503_0 | LEAD: Susan S. Gold's giddy joy over her third pregnancy (''The Magic of Babies Makes Three a 'Perfect Number,' '' April 10, Opinion page) should not blind her to the demographic consequences of her actions. Susan S. Gold's giddy joy over her third pregnancy (''The Magic of Babies Makes Three a 'Perfect Number,' '' April 10, Opinion page) should not blind her to the demographic consequences of her actions. In a world of 5 billion people (or closer to home, a state with crowded highways and commuter parking lots, overflowing landfills and insufficient affordable housing), the decision by parents to have three children, instead of ''replacing'' themselves with two, means the difference between a world overrun with desperate human beings and one in which there is at least a chance for a sustainable society to exist. If the literate and educated in the developed world cannot grasp the arithmetic of population growth, can we expect billions of illiterate third world peasants to understand it? JAMES S. MELLETT New Fairfield | Controlling Our Population Growth |
145280_0 | LEAD: In the late 1800's thousands of passenger boats powered by steam plied America's waterways; today there are only a handful, according to David Crockett, president of the Steamship Historical Society of America. Happily, nostalgic travelers can still sample the flavor of the era in the Northeast. Short excursions are available on vintage boats (some now converted to run on diesel fuel) or recently built steamboats in a few locations; more common are replicas that aim to recapture the spirit of the steam age. In the late 1800's thousands of passenger boats powered by steam plied America's waterways; today there are only a handful, according to David Crockett, president of the Steamship Historical Society of America. Happily, nostalgic travelers can still sample the flavor of the era in the Northeast. Short excursions are available on vintage boats (some now converted to run on diesel fuel) or recently built steamboats in a few locations; more common are replicas that aim to recapture the spirit of the steam age. Following is a sampling of short trips in the Northeast that recall the era with varying degrees of authenticity. A reference used in compiling this list is the guidebook ''Watertrips'' by Theodore W. Scull, which contains extensive descriptions of trips by excursion boats and ferries, as well as longer cruises. It is available for $10.95 plus $3 shipping and handling from the publisher, International Marine Publishing Company, Post Office Box 220, Camden, Me. 04843; 207-236-4837. Prices given below are for adults; most lines offer discounts for children. Calling ahead is recommended, because reservations are required for some cruises, particularly in the evenings. CONNECTICUT Sabino, a 57-foot wooden coal-fired steamboat operated by Mystic Seaport Museum, accommodates 100 passengers for cruises on the Mystic River in Connecticut. ''We think we're the last coal-fired steamboat in the country,'' said Capt. Dick Lotz. He said the Sabino, which dates to 1908, still has its original engine, which was secondhand at the time the boat was built. From next Friday to Oct. 10, half-hour trips (with a talk by a deckhand) leave hourly from 11 A.M. to 4 P.M. ($2.50 plus museum admission), and one-and-a-half-hour cruises leave at 5 P.M. ($6, with no admission required). From June 25 to Labor Day, an additional trip leaves at 7 P.M. for an hour and a half. No refreshments are available, but on the evening crusies passengers may bring their own | Recapturing The Spirit Of Steamboats |
145211_0 | LEAD: AT A CERTAIN level of speculation about the body and its diseases, medical science begins to sound like myth. Flesh talks, blood listens. The body wants things, genes know things, immune systems see things, diseases have secrets that go back to once upon a time in the primeval forest. AT A CERTAIN level of speculation about the body and its diseases, medical science begins to sound like myth. Flesh talks, blood listens. The body wants things, genes know things, immune systems see things, diseases have secrets that go back to once upon a time in the primeval forest. Here, for example, is Dr. Louis E. Teichholz, associate chief of cardiology at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, speculating about why it is that heart attacks tend, beyond numerical probability, to happen in the morning: ''Think of prehistoric man going forth to hunt. When would he have done this? Most likely in the morning, when he woke up. He would have wanted, teleologically speaking, to have plenty of adrenalin in the morning so that he would perform well in the hunt. And adrenalin makes the blood thicker, stickier, more clottable. His blood would have wanted to be thicker in the morning so that, if he got cut by a stone or clawed by an animal, he wouldn't bleed to death. And that may be why we have more adrenalin in the morning, which is why blood tends to clot more in the morning, which is why heart attacks are more likely to happen in the morning. Teleologically speaking, of course.'' To speak teleologically is to speak of designs, ends, purposes in nature. In this view, many of the bodily woes that afflict us, and almost all of the hereditary ones, exist because the processes that cause them once served a purpose. A disease may be the price we pay for protection against some other disease: the primordial buy now, pay later. My genes may have bought resistance to bubonic plague at the cost of susceptibility to diabetes - not a bad deal, because bubonic plague, in its heyday, was the far greater threat. Your genes may have bought protection from worms at the cost of a predisposition to allergies -not a bad deal either, given the alternative. Thus our genes wheel and deal over the millenniums, giving an advantage to certain populations in certain times and places that | Designs in Nature |
145502_3 | mortgage, a divorce and 18 months in analysis. I rented a mooring at a little dock with a shifty, flabby mode of behavior. The planks dipped and wobbled and undulated. As our boat alongside also dipped and wobbled and undulated, our boarding procedure became overly adventurous. With one foot on the dock and the other aboard and adrift, and widening water between, our embarkations were sullied by sailorish invective. When we got under way, our craft skated and skidded unpredictably right and left. I was faulted for this because, supposedly, I had failed to get the steering ropes fully unstuck. A neighbor's little girl, along for the ride, said the boat was not properly trimmed. I made a couple of jokes, maybe three, about just who had got properly trimmed in this deal. I was told to knock it off. The family edginess that attended our voyages made them infrequent. The boat sat unused for long spells at its mooring. One weekend it collected rain water at an unforeseen rate and went to the bottom. Raising Millstone, my secret name for the boat, from five feet of water and rehabilitating her, brought me to the very brink of becoming a former boat owner. But I was persuaded, or shanghaied, into further navigation on the Fourth of July, when our local beach is the scene of a fireworks display. We anchored offshore to enjoy the show. The time came to head back up the river. I made three fruitless pulls on the starter cord. A fourth vicious yank flung me backward. The sides of the boat (scuppers? stern quarter?) were quite low, just right to catch the calves of my legs and topple me overboard. But even as I hit the water, I was buoyed by the certitude of imminent liberation. Millstone had outsmarted me for the last time; she had dealt me the final indignity. Let others go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky. Not me, for I have attained tranquil landlubberhood. Let those who are disturbed by the prevalence of boats take comfort in the regular-as-sunset retirement of us former boat owners from the maritime hurly-burly. Former Owners Outsmarted by Boats, ahoy! Welcome ashore. Some place out there beneath the waves, off Bayley Beach, my bifocals still repose. I like to think they serve as a tiny shelter for bottom life. CONNECTICUT OPINION | Boat Owners Ahoy! Welcome Ashore |
145357_4 | percent more for recycled paper products. As a result, as much as 60 percent of the paper bought by the state is at least partly recycled. New York City passed similar legislation last year, but so far the law has had only minimal impact. Promoters of recycling also argue that the state and city should do more to encourage the domestic processing of used paper. Container ships leaving New York City docks each year carry off larger quantities of waste paper than any other commodity, according to the Port Authority. Recyclers in Taiwan, South Korea and elsewhere turn the American trash into paper products and export much of it back to the United States. Expanding capacity to produce recycled products would create jobs at a rate of 36 per 10,000 tons of waste, an Environmental Defense Fund study estimates, against 6 jobs per 10,000 tons for landfill disposal and only 0.9 jobs per 10,000 tons for incineration. The state might persuade incinerator operators to expand recycling capacity, or even go into the production of recycled paper itself. Much room for skepticism remains. A big problem is that recyclers may wind up competing with the incinerators rather than complementing them. Amortizing the heavy investment in incinerators means keeping them going, and their managers seem likely to lay first claim to the paper and other waste that will feed their fires. In that sense, recycling might not be an idea whose time has come so much as one that has come too late. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES THE Residential Recycling Kit is a cart and four to eight containers, each a different color, so that the garbage men will know which color-coded bin to dump it into: red for plastic, dark blue for newsprint, white, green or brown for clear, green or amber glass. Advanced Recycling Systems Inc. in Waterloo, Iowa, maker of the kit, is one of a growing number of companies selling recycling equipment: household and curbside containers for separated refuse, or compartmentalized trucks to pick it up in, or shredders, ''densifiers'' and balers to process it. With millions of dollars in trash-disposal spending at stake, ''a whole materials recycling industry'' is opening up, according to Robert Boulanger, president of American Recycling Market, a five-year-old directory that now lists 14,000 companies, mills, dealers, brokers, nonprofit centers and equipment manufacturers. For example, the directory listed four makers of refuse balers last year; this | THE REGION: City and State Plans; For Lack of Options, New York Gets Serious About Recycling |
145276_1 | into the extent of the problem of crowding in Terminal B appears in a table published by Crain's New York Business from Government on-time reports. From the detailed figures for February 1988 - a year after the service disasters that followed Continental's assimilation of People Express - a list was compiled of the 10 most consistently late flights from or to the metropolitan area's three big airports. Although Newark is now the least busy of these airports, 6 of the 10 worst flights were Newark flights. Four of the six were Continental's. Terminal B has almost always been littered and the washrooms have been a fright because airport officials say it is difficult to clean up in the middle of such traffic: 240 jet departures - and an equal number of arrivals - on weekdays, with an average for 1987 of 33,917 passengers a day. Just from the standpoint of numbers, things should be better in Terminal C. Continental expects to be operating 186 weekday jet flights out of there before the end of this month, and estimates 29,400 passengers a day. Vincent Bonaventura, the general manager of Newark Airport, said it would be a long time before traffic began to approach capacity at the new C because it is able to handle as much as A and B together. In 10 years, Port Authority officials say, Terminal C should be handling an average of 68,500 passengers a day. With more than twice as many gates in Terminal C as in B, Continental is increasing its service. The line is advertising hourly flights to O'Hare Airport in Chicago, 14 daily, a rise of 6 in this service, and is advertising for next week 4 new flights to Midway in Chicago. When all Continental's flights are settled behind the 95 ticket counter positions of Terminal C, connecting from one Continental flight to another at Newark will be an indoor sport, eliminating the nerve-wracking wait for a shuttle bus. Doubts about the whereabouts of your luggage on a Continental-to-Continental change should also be diminished. Anyone who flies to Newark for a connection is almost surely planning to take a Newark flight out. Since April 24, the airport has not had a direct air or ground link to La Guardia or Kennedy International Airport. If you want to get from Newark to either, you have to go by ground transport and change in | Newark's New Terminal: Relief Is in Sight |
145306_3 | named William Cooper had been fined for drunkenness and for ''absenting himself from the Publick Worship of God.'' Absenting became a Revere tradition: In the years when most of the beach's visitors worked a six-day week, Sunday was the best day for business. THEN in the 1890's, as part of a grand plan to improve Greater Boston's parklands, Revere Beach was cleaned up. Many of its ''squalid-looking shanties . . . devoted to liquor-selling, eating-houses, gambling and the like,'' as a contemporary spoilsport described them, were razed. A broad boulevard was constructed along the crest of the beach; viewing pavilions, a bandstand and a public bathhouse were built; and as one 1909 guidebook noted, ''various amusement places . . . all the paraphernalia of a modern seaside resort for the people'' rose beside them. All can still be seen today, except for the amusement places. The crowds that visited the new Revere Beach were relatively well-behaved: 200,000 people came during one August week in 1896 and not a single arrest was made. It was a far cry from that day in the 1880's when Revere's police chief got drunk, boarded a horsecar and slugged a lady who refused to stand up to give him her seat. With all that bathhouse showering, it was good clean fun, and it could be fun even if you never went near the water. First, a trolley ride to the beach (by the end of the century, the railroad had been replaced by a trolley; now that's been replaced by the subway) and then a ride on the Ferris wheel or the terrifying Tilt-a-Whirl, shaped - one patron queasily recalls - like a tongue depressor with two turning, bubble-shaped seats at either end. The seats rotated, the tongue depressor rose and fell, the thrilled - or allegedly thrilled - customer was drawn in all directions at once. Girls shrieked; boys affected macho unconcern; and a wonderful time was had by all. Then it was on to the games, to drop a couple of dimes at Pokerino or Fascination, rolling little balls into little holes in a variation of cards or bingo; or to pitch a softball at a pyramid of Coke bottles, which looked precarious but turned out to rival Cheops' Pyramid in solidity. Success in any of these endeavors was crowned with admiration from the girls and a prize that might be as small | A Beach to Revere |
149168_0 | LEAD: Special cheers for the Chrysler Corporation for deciding to equip all its new cars with driver-side airbags by 1990. Chrysler's announcement, a dramatic end to a long struggle, guarantees economies of mass production for the lifesaving devices and eliminates the need for dealers to sell them as options. Special cheers for the Chrysler Corporation for deciding to equip all its new cars with driver-side airbags by 1990. Chrysler's announcement, a dramatic end to a long struggle, guarantees economies of mass production for the lifesaving devices and eliminates the need for dealers to sell them as options. But the loudest applause should be reserved for promoters of auto safety who for two decades have pressed the case for airbags against the industry's determined opposition. An airbag is a tough cloth balloon that inflates when sensors detect a high-impact front-end collision, providing the driver with a vital second of cushioning. If used with lap belts, the technology is exceptionally reliable and offers far better protection than three-point lap-shoulder restraints. In one incident, an airbag saved the life of an 81-year-old Utah woman whose car smashed into a tank truck at a combined speed of 95 m.p.h. Detroit was enthusiastic about the technology when it was introduced in the early 1970's. But then General Motors found that few Americans would buy airbags as an option, and the auto makers turned away. An industry already resentful of mandatory air pollution and fuel conservation standards bitterly opposed subsequent Federal efforts to require airbags. And by the time President Reagan arrived in Washington, conservatives had succeeded in converting this user-friendly technology into a symbol of Big Brotherism. Still, advocates including Ralph Nader, Senator John Danforth of Missouri, the State Farm Insurance Company and Joan Claybrook, the auto safety administrator in the Carter White House, never gave up the legal and political struggle. Mercedes-Benz offered a powerful endorsement of the technology by putting driver-side airbags in all its cars. Elizabeth Dole, then Secretary of Transportation, finally acceded to a complicated ''passive restraint'' rule that would eventually require automatic belts or bags in all cars. Ford, along with several European and Japanese car companies, now equips some models with airbags. But these are generally targeted at sophisticated buyers of expensive cars. It has been widely assumed that passive belts would dominate in cars under $20,000. That's the best reason to welcome the Chrysler announcement. Purchased from suppliers | Automobile Airbags, at Last |
149057_3 | Caused Accutane is known to cause severe birth defects in about 25 percent of the babies exposed to it before birth. These defects include facial malformations, typically missing or misplaced ears, severe mental retardation and serious heart defects. While the drug has been distributed along with strong warnings against its use in pregnancy, health experts say that some women have used it while pregnant. The drug agency has received official reports of 62 babies who were born with severe defects after their mothers took the drug, but it has estimated that the number may be close to 600. Representatives of Roche have contested the higher figure. Commenting on the agency measures, Dr. Sidney Wolfe of the Health Research Group, a consumer advocacy organization in Washington, said, ''It's simply a variation on what the company has already agreed to do.'' Curb on Prescriptions Urged ''What's needed is a departure into restricting who can prescribe the drug and under what conditions, with criminal penalties,'' Dr. Wolfe said. ''Some people in the general counsel's office of the F.D.A. believe they have the authority to do it.'' Many dermatologists have resisted a ban on Accutane, arguing that the drug provides the only hope of treatment for some people with severe disfiguring acne. But critics have said the drug is overprescibed. In an interview yesterday, Carolyn R. Glynn, a spokeswoman for Roche Laboratories, said that in addition to the measures called for by the F.D.A., the company will also prepare a test for doctors to administer to women to make certain they understand the hazards involved in taking Accutane. All instructions will also be written in Spanish. Mrs. Glynn said Roche was taking another unusual step in offering to pay the costs of counseling for contraception and pregnancy tests for any woman for whom Accutane is prescribed. The measure would apply to an estimated 30,000 American patients, Mrs. Glynn said. Representatives of the company and the F.D.A. said that before formal regulations are issued, they are negotiating the fine points of the new steps to be taken to avoid misuse of Accutane. Roche expects that the new measures will be fully in place by the fall, Mrs. Glynn said. Roche said it was also reviewing which of the new measures it would apply to Tegison, or etretinate, another of its drugs that is used for severe psoriasis and that can also cause severe birth defects. | Strict Curb Urged on Drug Linked to Birth Defects |
146892_2 | described by comparing it to a disaster like the biggest flood of the century. ''We've never had anything happen before on a scale like this,'' he said. Consider some of the these consequences: * At the Argonne National Laboratory, a Federal research facility in suburban DuPage County, the principal contact between scientists and their peers in Washington has come through a radio phone link set up inside a Winnebago van parked outside the headquarters cafeteria. ''We've got everything from routine office machines to pretty sopisticated electronic equipment, and all that data ultimately has to go through phone lines,'' said Gary Pitchford, an Energy Department spokesman here. ''We're coping, but it is a sobering realization to find out just how important those telephone links are.'' * In Hinsdale, amid concern that residents cannot reach police and fire squads in an emergency, police cars and public works vehicles equipped with radios have been parked at key intersections around the city, where people can come if they need help. In the schools, principals caution pupils not to think they can skip class, just because there are no telephones to check with parents. School workers are being dispatched to visit the homes of absent pupils to be sure their parents know they are not in school. * In suburban Oak Brook, the headquarters of major companies like McDonald's and Spiegel, telephone circuits are so jammed that it is all but impossible to call these companies, even from downtown Chicago. Callers today were still getting recorded messages advising that circuits are busy, and suggesting the calls be tried again. Several telephone sales solicitation companies have laid off employees until service is restored. Negligence Suit Filed At least one business already has filed a lawsuit against Illinois Bell as a result of the service interuption, arguing that the utility was negligent because nobody was on duty inside the switching station on the Sunday the fire broke out. In addition, Attorney General Neil Hartigan of Illinois has demanded that the telephone company establish a special fund to compensate customers for their losses. Untold thousands of other customers throughout the Chicago area have also been affected by the fire as efforts to reroute calls have caused congestion throughout the network, something akin to cars that back up along a crowded freeway far from the scene of an accident. The Hinsdale station was described as one of four major | West of Chicago, Waiting for a Dial Tone |
146809_0 | LEAD: World sugar production in 1988-89 is expected to be a record of about 103.9 million metric tons, slightly more than the 103.8 million tons produced in 1987-88, the Agriculture Department said Wednesday. The latest estimate was revised downward from the department's first forecast issued on May 4, which indicated production at 104.1 million metric tons in 1988-89. World sugar production in 1988-89 is expected to be a record of about 103.9 million metric tons, slightly more than the 103.8 million tons produced in 1987-88, the Agriculture Department said Wednesday. The latest estimate was revised downward from the department's first forecast issued on May 4, which indicated production at 104.1 million metric tons in 1988-89. A metric ton is about 2,200 pounds. | Sugar Output Forecast |
146356_1 | A result has been chaos in college guidance offices, where even veteran counselors concede that they no longer know where to direct students. What is going on? One thing is evident. More Americans view a college education as ''a durable consumer good,'' in the words of Willis J. Stetson Jr., dean of admissions at the University of Pennsylvania. And with good reason. As fewer blue-collar jobs became available in the 1970's and early 1980's, the prospect of earning a decent living diminished considerably for people without a college education. For instance, from 1972 through 1985 the expected median income of a man with four years of high school dropped by 24 percent after adjustment to account for inflation. For a man with four years of college the drop was 7 percent. 'It's a Sea Change' An 18-year-old high school graduate, therefore, gives up less income today by spending four years in college than he did 15 years ago. In addition, the increased number of grants and scholarships has reduced the cost of college education for many students. ''It's a sea change over the last 15 years in what it looks like if you are an 18-year-old kid trying to decide what to do,'' said Gary Burtless, an economist at the Brookings Institution in Washington. ''If you go on to college it costs you less to do so and you give up less income. And the premium you can expect has risen sharply.'' Last year colleges, baffled by dramatic increases in applications, assumed at first that individual students were simply applying to more colleges. Many colleges drew up long waiting lists in case many of the students they had accepted turned them down. But, to their astonishment, the majority of students turned up and many colleges never even went to their waiting lists. It is still too early to know if multiple applications will be a significant factor this year or whether the actual number of applicants has increased again. One reason for the uncertainty is that the colleges have created their own monster. Frightened some years back by demographers' dire warnings about the coming decline in the number of 18-year-olds, institutions began to intensify their recruiting and marketing efforts. Alumni Groups Helped Out Alumni Associations were told to beat the bushes for possible candidates. Admissions directors armed with slick brochures and videocassettes fanned out, many to areas where they had | Education: The College Reject; Several Factors Are Behind Growth In Number of Disappointed Students |
144354_1 | end to discrimination in the church. The first draft of a pastoral letter released by the U.S. Catholic Bishops last month, ''Partners in the Mystery of Redemption: A Pastoral Response to Women's Concerns,'' admits that women have, in the bishops' words: ''Led us collectively to a profound examination of conscience. Sexist attitudes have colored church teaching and practice over the centuries.'' Not yet ready to concede the moral imperative of women's ordination, the document's framers recommend the opening of ministries currently denied to women, including preaching. They encourage the appointment of women to seminary and diocesan positions and suggest continued study into the possibility of ordaining them to the permanent diaconate. The bishops also address a seemingly minor issue with serious educational implications. For years people within the Catholic community have worried about the induction of children into a sanctuary-based ''male only'' club. Many have asked that altar girls might serve with altar boys. They maintain that it is wrong to model the sin of sexism at the table of the Lord. The pastoral letter makes public a request from the American bishops to the Vatican that young girls and women be permitted to join their male counterparts as altar servers. This is not the first time these issues have been raised. In December 1985, the Maryland-based Priests for Equality circulated ''Toward a Full and Equal Sharing,'' a scholarly document that calls for full participation by women at all levels of ministry, including the priesthood. The bishops' letter has two advantages over the priests' document. First, it was written after hundreds of open hearings in dioceses across the country, in which Catholics expressed their concerns; and second, the authorship of this pastoral will be credible to Catholics unfamiliar with Priests for Equality, an international association of relatively recent vintage. There are many who maintain that the bishops' pastoral hasn't gone far enough in recognizing the full participation of women in the life of the church. But few can deny its effort to expose ecclesiastical sexism and to begin spiritual renewal. Equality will one day find a comfortable home within the Roman Catholic Church. This will happen not because it is expedient or practical, but because it is just. Without justice, the church itself will remain less effective, incomplete and wanting in holiness. (Sister) CAMILLE D'ARIENZO Brooklyn, May 10, 1988 The writer is professor of television and radio at Brooklyn College. | When Will Rome Let Women Be Priests? |
144406_0 | LEAD: ''ACCESS AMERICA,'' the most ambitious project to date of Northern Cartographic, a small Vermont publishing house, is a much-needed reference work that describes in text and full-color photographs, charts and maps the facilities and programs for the disabled at 37 national parks. ''ACCESS AMERICA,'' the most ambitious project to date of Northern Cartographic, a small Vermont publishing house, is a much-needed reference work that describes in text and full-color photographs, charts and maps the facilities and programs for the disabled at 37 national parks. Five years a-borning, ''Access America'' also contains essays by park visitors with disabilities. Called a historic document by Lex Frieden, executive director of the National Council on the Handicapped, the 464-page atlas, which will be available June 1, has regional maps showing support services within a 100-mile radius of each park, including hospitals, therapeutic oxygen suppliers, and wheelchair, dialysis and prosthetic/orthotic centers. Those who have tried to maneuver a wheelchair over a curbing, through narrow doorways or along a rough path know how a series of such roadblocks can swiftly spoil what could have been a pleasant outing, and the intent of this atlas is to enable the disabled and their companions to know in advance what rewards and difficulties lie ahead. The atlas also deals with programs at the various parks for visitors with visual or hearing impairments. The atlas is set in large-type print and its rigid back cover, soft front cover and spiral binding are designed to make it easier for those with motor disabilities to peruse. Priced at $89.95, ''Access America'' is expensive, although it is currently being offered at a 25 percent discount when ordered from the publisher: $67.45 plus $5 for postage and handling. This same discount will always apply to individuals purchasing the atlas for their own use and to nonprofit organizations such as conservation groups and hiking and fish and game clubs that might wish to donate the book to a local library. One surmises that a substantial portion of its sales will be to libraries and organizations devoted to the well-being of the handicapped, but Northern Cartographic has published a 32-page guide - excerpted from ''Access America'' - to Yosemite National Park for $7.95 plus $2 for shipping. According to National Cartographic's Peter Shea, the Yosemite monograph is an effort to ascertain whether there is a market among individual buyers for one-park guides. If there is, | Parks Book Aids the Disabled |
144444_0 | LEAD: While the construction of Two Forks Dam on the South Platte River 25 miles southwest of here has been on the drawing board for decades, Coloradans have spent the last few weeks debating whether Denver and its suburbs need the 550-foot-high dam, now or ever. While the construction of Two Forks Dam on the South Platte River 25 miles southwest of here has been on the drawing board for decades, Coloradans have spent the last few weeks debating whether Denver and its suburbs need the 550-foot-high dam, now or ever. Two Forks, intended to supply water for 35 years, would be one of the largest dams in the West constructed without Federal money. Many conservationists believe it would be the last dam of its size, owing to the cost of construction and the far-reaching environmental effects of such water supply projects. Gov. Roy R. Romer said he would make up his mind about Two Forks by June 10, a deadline set by the Army Corps of Engineers. The engineers and the United States Forest Service must also approve the dam's construction, part of which would be within the Pike National Forest, but both agencies have said that the Governor's decision is crucial. ''The answer I lean toward is yes, water is needed,'' Mr. Roemer said, ''But we want to find the water with the least cost and the least damage.'' A proposed dam in Grand Canyon National Park was turned back by Congress 20 years ago, but decisions to stop big dam projects once they get this far are rare. ''A decision on Two Forks Dam is historically significant,'' said Walter Jessel, chairman of the Colorado Environmental Caucus, which opposes the project. ''If Two Forks is not permitted, it would be the end of the dam-building era,'' Large water storage and diversion projects were financed for decades by the Federal Government until President Reagan curtailed spending on Western water development. ''Without Federal subsidies there's a level playing field, and it is a lot more difficult to sell this kind of project to a single state rather than pass on its cost to all U.S. taxpayers,'' Mr. Jessel said. The Denver Water Board and the 42-member Metropolitan Water Providers will have to raise from $500 million to $1 billion to finance Two Forks, mostly by selling bonds. ''Two Forks Dam is well within the resources of the people of the | Two Forks Journal; Coloradans Anxiously Await Decision Over a Proposed Dam |
144296_2 | it seems. Surface tension in dry soil causes water to run off, not to penetrate deeply. The result is that roots, attempting to absorb the available moisture, stay at the surface, where they can easily be damaged by exposure. A few years ago, the preferred method of watering to overcome these obstacles involved something called a canvas soaker: a tube of fabric, closed at one end, that, if attached to the end of a hose, dispersed water drop by drop instead of in a steady stream. Watering drop by drop overcame the soil's surface tension, so the water went deep. Canvas soakers worked fairly well, but they had their limitations. They often got twisted, thus putting out almost no water at their far end and too much at their near one. They mildewed almost immediately, and they rotted sooner rather than later. These liabilities have been overcome in a fairly new kind of soaker hose, whose invention not only enables gardeners to water slowly and deeply but also helps the country with one of its numerous problems with waste. Our long love affair with the automobile has left us with mountains of used rubber tires, sometimes in dumps where they catch fire and burn for months or even years. Some of these tires are now being recycled into porous rubber soaker hoses that neither mildew nor rot. As soon as I learned about plasmolysis - and that I had a bad case of it - I lost no time in buying two of these hoses, one for the back garden and one for the front. I started running them around the clock. Watering would not undo the damage already done, but at least it would keep it from worsening. It was urgent to get as much moisture as possible deep into the soil. It still is. Northeastern gardeners should not be lulled into a false sense of security because of some good and welcome rains in early May. The flooded streets in my own neighborhood were signs that although some moisture reached the soil, much of it ran off into storm sewers. Summer's heat cannot be far distant, and we may be at risk of drought as evaporation increases. The plasmolysis damage to my lilacs and other plants will linger, as will the threat of disease. My garden's best friend this summer, I suspect , will be those soaker hoses. | A GARDENER'S WORLD |
144297_2 | because there are so many, including programs at junior colleges and universities, vocational schools and apprenticeships. ''You feel very inadequate about the issues unless you have some guidelines,'' said Dr. Dane, an associate professor at the Hunter College School of Social Work. Like other young people, the learning-impaired sometimes have difficulty studying for exams and getting along with roommates, but the usual frictions are aggravated by their handicaps. Some have poor hand and eye coordination or speech impediments, and may have problems buying food, saving money, behaving in public or even taking the subway. But some programs offer a ''hidden agenda,'' said Marsha Kessler, director of the Churchill Advisory Service at the Churchill School and Center for the learning disabled in Manhattan. ''The hidden agenda is social independence,'' she said. ''Many kids who have learning problems don't have good social skills,'' she said, ''and that's an important thing for parents to look at before they send them off.'' Instructors at the New York University Para-Educator Center, for example, teach students both how to become aides in child-care centers and how to get along with colleagues. When teen-agers enroll in a program that is unstructured or in which they feel inadequate, their attempt at independence may end in disaster. ''Some of them become very withdrawn,'' said Dr. Dane. ''They spend hours in front of a TV set. Some retreat back into their homes, where they don't have to compete in the outside world.'' Parents also need help sorting through their childrens' plans, said Dr. Dane. Her son Sam, for example, talks about a life of luxury and affluence in the restaurant business. ''He sees himself living on Park Avenue,'' Dr. Dane said. ''He's not thinking of being a short-order cook.'' He will probably succeed if he commits himself to the work, but she knows there is a chance he will simply abandon this dream for another. ''Parents of disabled adolescents have a much heavier role,'' Dr. Dane said. ''They have to be continually supportive. These kids have a lot more failures than successes, so you have to re-frame their experiences to show that they've made progress.'' The conference is presented by the Foundation for Children with Learning Disabilities, the Churchill School and Center and the 92d Street YM-YWHA. The pre-registration fee is $8 a family; registration at the door is $12 a family. Call Judith Fagin at the Churchill Center, 212-722-0465. | Into the World With a Learning Difficulty |
140932_0 | LEAD: I read the letter from Jane Goldblatt to the Long Island editor on March 6 and was disturbed by her attitude toward educating the handicaped. I would like to offer a rebuttal, strictly addressing her need for defining education. I am a speech therapist working in special education in the public domain and have been for over 20 years. I read the letter from Jane Goldblatt to the Long Island editor on March 6 and was disturbed by her attitude toward educating the handicaped. I would like to offer a rebuttal, strictly addressing her need for defining education. I am a speech therapist working in special education in the public domain and have been for over 20 years. For me, the definition of education is providing stimuli and input throughout the formative years to allow the highest level of functioning within the community and within society, to the best of the person's ability -the ultimate goal being independence, and special education being education that is ''special,'' unique, adapted to meet individual needs with the same ultimate goal. If this means that independent feeding is the highest level of functioning we will be able to achieve, then that is our job as educators: to provide the instruction to eat with the most appropriate skills possible. Oral communication is dependent upon the development of oral motor skills. Oral motor skills arise from appropriate use of musculature, be it jaw, tongue, cheeks or lips. Tongue retraction is necessary for swallowing liquids without spillage. Lip closure is necessary for decreased drooling. Yes, it is the realm of special educators to provide the stimuli to progress in the area of feeding. Yes, someone can be trained to provide carryover, but the initial instruction must come from someone professionally trained in the neurodevelopment treatment of the physically handicapped. I have learned that the physically handicapped person must develop motor skills both oral and physical to function with some independence. It is our responsibility as special educators, as members of the community and as human beings to see that growth in our ''special'' population - growth physically, mentally and emotionally - is achieved through whatever means are necessary. If feeding therapy is the means to an end, then, yes, we must provide it and at any cost. ROSALIND PAUL Lynbrook | Asking Some Questions About Special Education |
140822_1 | U.S. defense budget, Europe about $150 billion. NATO must be the focus of this debate. And examination of burden-sharing within NATO shows that the debate turns on four fallacies. We're doing it just for them. The idea that the U.S. is selflessly defending the territory of others is unlettered. Today's international order was at least as much America's conception as its allies', and the security protected remains mutual. The costs of leadership are great, but so are the gains. How many of those who so denounce ''freeloading allies'' wish to see U.S. influence diminished? They aren't doing their share. There are many ways to measure a nation's contribution. One thing is clear. Allies' efforts are consistently understated. The most serious distortion comes from measuring those efforts mainly as the percentage of G.N.P. spent on defense. Compared with America's 6.5 percent, the large NATO allies average 3.7 percent. But the 6.5 percent is deceptive, for it includes Asian, strategic nuclear and other expenditures. It is true that the U.S. paid about 69 percent of alliance defense costs in 1986. But what is less often observed is that NATO allies provided 53 percent of NATO tanks, 46 percent of artillery, 54 percent of combat aircraft, 83 percent of combat naval ships, 58 percent of active-duty military personnel and 80 percent of reserves. They'll pick up what we drop. Those who would shift the burden assume that the Europeans will take on whatever part of the load the U.S. lays down. But this ignores decades of American effort to better share responsibilities. There has been some success, but hardly enough to relieve America's serious budget problems. Moreover, this assumption now flies in the face of facts. European defense budgets are more likely to go down than up. Faced with a crumbling economy, Britain decided two years ago to reduce defense spending by 5 percent over two years. Germany, the largest contributor of NATO troops, has the world's lowest birth rate. Also, polls show that Europeans are more worried about economic and social stability than Soviet invasion. Relations between the two halves of Europe are changing quickly, and the feeling is that a new era of East-West relations has begun. We'll have all this and modernization, too. It's bad enough that burden-sharing advocates anticipate reduced U.S. costs and increased ally expenditures. Worse, they expect all this just as NATO leaders start calling for more | The False Promise of Burden-Sharing |
140611_2 | for the college graduate versus $17,250 for the high school graduate. A second force increasing income inequality is the growing number of families headed by single women. In the early 1970's, one in nine families under the age of 65 was headed by a single woman. Today, one family in six is headed by a single woman. In a world of two-earner couples, these families are at a deep disadvantage, as evidenced by their low $13,500 average income. Joseph Pechman, an economist at the Brookings Institution, studied the effects of these factors using Internal Revenue Service tax-return statistics. During President Reagan's first term, average wage and salary income per tax return just kept pace with inflation, rising from $19,127 to $19,186. But average wages and salaries in the top 1 percent of tax returns grew from $107,113 to $124,696, beating inflation by 16 percent. Since these figures, do not include capital gains income, where income increases may respond to reduced tax rates, Mr. Pechman suggests that these wage and salary increases reflect the fact that the people at the top are now earning significantly more money than in the past. These economic forces are continuing to produce less equality, something that can be easily observed by examining the changing economic circumstances of children. Since 1979 the fraction of all children living in families with $100,000 or more in income increased by 1 percent, while the fraction of all children living in under-$10,000 families has increased by 6 percent. Stagnant economic growth begets greater income inequality. This is a blueprint for national decline, and it is the responsiblity of the next President to put income equality back on the national agenda. The next President should begin with straight talk about where inequality stands. But the next President can also point to an extraordinary demographic opportunity: During the last decade, the largest group of baby boomers started their careers. With their entry into the work force the number of 20-to-30-year-olds employed in the United States grew by more than 12 million. During the next decade, however, the number of 20-to-30-year-old workers will decline by 5 million. In the coming decade's tight labor market, employers will be hiring every educated person the nation can produce. These demographic factors will favor income equality. And this means that the President can put forth a program that acknowledges the economy's restructuring. A good starting point to | Business Forum; INCOME DISTRIBUTION: A GROWING GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR |
140833_0 | LEAD: Listed below are selected career possibilities that, from the standpoint of availibility, will provide the most and least security through the end of the century, according to projections by the United States Labor Deptpartment's Bureau of Labor Statistics. The percentage growth in the number of jobs expected through the year 2000 in each field is indicated next to the job titles. Listed below are selected career possibilities that, from the standpoint of availibility, will provide the most and least security through the end of the century, according to projections by the United States Labor Deptpartment's Bureau of Labor Statistics. The percentage growth in the number of jobs expected through the year 2000 in each field is indicated next to the job titles. In those cases where opportunities will decline - such as for college and university faculty members - the change is shown with a minus sign. THE MOST SECURE Paralegal personnel 104 Medical assistants 90 Physical therapists 87 Physical therapy aides 82 Data processing repairers 80 Home Health aides 80 Data processing systems analysis 76 Medical records technicians 75 Computer programers 70 Radiologic technologists 65 Dental hygienists 63 Dental assistants 57 Physicians assistants 57 Peripheral data-processing workers 51 Electrical and electronics engineers 48 Computer operators 47 Dining-room attendants 46 Electrical and electronics technicians 46 Opticians 46 Restaurant cooks 46 Travel Agents 46 Veternarians 46 real-estate brokers 45 Registered nurses 44 Waiters and waitresses 44 Hotel desk clerks 43 Securities and financial salesworkers 42 Receptionists and info clerks 41 Accountants and auditors 40 Bartenders 40 Dental lab technicians 39 Licensed practical nurses 38 Physcians and surgeons 38 Lawyers 36 Nursing aides and attendants 35 THE LEAST SECURE Electrical electronic assemblers -54 Electronic semiconductor -51 Railroad conductors, yardmasters -41 Gas and oil occupations -34 Phone installers and repairers -32 Shoe sewer -32 Chemical equipment controllers -30 Farmers -28 Stenographers -28 Statistical clerks -28 Farm workers -20 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers -19 Compositors and typesetters -17 Shoe and leather workers -17 Data-entry keyers -16 Typists and word processors -14 Machine tool cutters -11 Child-care workers, private -10 College and university faculty -4 | WHERE THE JOBS WILL (AND WON'T) BE |
140828_3 | are not sure how safe it is in the private sector,'' said Jean Ross, research director at the Service Employees International Union. Still, whatever the insecurities of the American jobholder, some are far better off than others, particularly the college-educated. The salaries they command, even if they have to switch jobs periodically, have become much higher than the pay for those with only a high school diploma. This spread in wages has been growing, a result mostly of global competition that has forced cutbacks in the manufacturing sector, once a source of high-paying jobs for the poorly educated. ''Factory work is no longer available to the high school graduate, and there are very few other jobs that will get him into the middle class,'' said Frank Levy, a University of Maryland labor economist. ''The college-educated, meanwhile, still have technical, professional and managerial positions open to them.'' Labor Department statistics make the point dramatically. In 1976, men 25 to 34 years old with only high school educations had a median income of $24,000 for full-time work, while college graduates had median earnings of $28,000 - only $4,000 more. But since then, the median of those with only a high school education has fallen to $21,000, when adjusted for inflation, while the median for college graduates in this age group have risen, to nearly $30,000. The spread has more than doubled, at a time when more than 62 percent of all working-age Americans hold jobs and the civilian unemployment rate has fallen to 5.6 percent. In the 1970's, so tight a labor market forced up wages for everyone. Besides a college education, union membership has been another source of job security, mostly as a result of contract clauses that put obstacles in the way of dismissals or prohibited companies from contracting work to outside suppliers. But the number of workers covered by union contracts has declined from 23 percent of all jobholders in 1980 to 17 percent last year. More significantly, major contracts negotiated over the last three years have provided for average annual wage increases of only about 2 percent, including bonuses and profit-sharing, the Bureau reports. The slim increases are one reason that the total weekly pay of all the nation's salaried workers has once again failed to keep up with inflation. Two years ago, wages were doing better. Total pay had recovered most of the ground lost between the | AS JOBS INCREASE, SO DOES INSECURITY |
140771_1 | in more than a week of ethnic violence in this French-administered South Pacific territory. A French Navy patrol boat shelled a Melanesian separatist camp during a reconnaissance mission today, in the first intervention by the navy in more than a week of ethnic violence in this French-administered South Pacific territory. A French territorial spokesman said the patrol boat turned artillery fire on the separatists after they shot at a 25-man paramilitary police squad moving in on the camp at Pouobo, 250 miles northeast of the capital of Noumea. The 30 Melanesians, members of an indigenous Pacific group known as Kanaks, fled and there were apparently no injuries, the spokesman said. He added that the police officers had spotted a group of armed men at an encampment and had left the vessel in assault dinghies when they came under automatic-weapons fire. They returned the fire with support from artillery batteries on the boat. After the attackers fled, the police searched the camp, seized store-bought radio equipment and reboarded the boat, La Moqueuse. It is one of two new patrol boats sent to the island chain a few months ago. The Melanesians were dug into ''a sort of camp with defensive installations, including a lookout post,'' the spokesman said. The incident occurred as France continued to seek the release of 23 hostages held by separatists. About 7,000 soldiers and police officers have been trying to restore order in the territory, and a military spokesman said that for the last few days, several small navy vessels have been patrolling the shores of this chain of islands 12,000 miles from mainland France. The Melanesians, who are seeking an end to French rule and who boycotted elections conducted last Sunday, are holding a magistrate and 22 police officers hostage in a limestone cave on the remote atoll of Ouvea, 200 miles from Noumea. Among the captives is Philippe Legorjus, leader of an elite French anti-terrorist squad, who is believed to be negotiating with armed Kanaks for the release of his fellow captives. A spokesman for the High Commission, which represents the Paris Government 12,000 miles away, said the negotiations were difficult ''because the kidnappers have relayed absolutely no demands.'' The spokesman reported general calm across the territory but said that police barracks were still coming under fire in isolated villages and that traffic was being blocked in some places by barricades, some of them booby-trapped. | FRENCH NAVY PARTROL BOAT FIRES ON NEW CALEDONIA SEPARATISTS |
140685_0 | LEAD: On April 7, Albie Sachs, a white South African lawyer who had been an active opponent of apartheid, was seriously injured in a bomb explosion as he opened the door of his car outside his home in Maputo, Mozambique. One week earlier, the African National Congress's chief representative in France, Dulcie September, was gunned down as she arrived at her office in Paris. On April 7, Albie Sachs, a white South African lawyer who had been an active opponent of apartheid, was seriously injured in a bomb explosion as he opened the door of his car outside his home in Maputo, Mozambique. One week earlier, the African National Congress's chief representative in France, Dulcie September, was gunned down as she arrived at her office in Paris. In Lesotho last February, a member of the A.N.C. was shot to death in a hospital bed. South African methods in battling the A.N.C. - car bombings, assassinations of political exiles and attacks on innocent civilians - are the trademarks of international terrorism. The State Department cited Iranian and Libyan support for this type of violence when it branded the two countries terrorist nations and included them on ''The Terrorism List.'' If the Reagan Administration does not put South Africa on the list, its whole battle against terrorism loses meaning and value. Technically, ''The List,'' as it is known, is compiled in accordance with the 1979 Export Administration Act, which restricts sales of items with possible military uses to regimes that ''repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.'' Since 1979, however, the list has become much more than a way to regulate commerce. A recent State Department information paper states: ''Citing a country as on the 'List' has become an important step in itself in attempting to focus the spotlight on countries supporting international terrorism.'' In addition to Libya and Iran, the list includes Cuba, South Yemen and Syria. Iraq was removed in 1982, and North Korea was added in January on the recommendation of Secretary of State George P. Shultz, who said evidence linked Pyongyang to the bombing of a South Korean airliner. Conspicuously absent from the list is South Africa. And the free-wheeling international murder spree that it continues to carry out has somehow escaped the stigma of being branded as terrorism by American officials. The United States has had little to say about any of the recent incidents except | South Africa - A Terrorist Nation |
140793_0 | LEAD: The Reagan Administration has toughened its drug enforcement by allowing the Coast Guard to seize any boat or ship on which even a small amount of contraband is found, Transportation Secretary Jim Burnley said today. The Reagan Administration has toughened its drug enforcement by allowing the Coast Guard to seize any boat or ship on which even a small amount of contraband is found, Transportation Secretary Jim Burnley said today. Since the policy was enacted April 11, the Coast Guard has confiscated nine vessels - including a $300,000 yacht off the coast of Florida - that would not previously have been seized, officials said. A confiscated boat must be returned to its owners only if the owner can disprove allegations that illegal drugs were found on board. Otherwise, the boat is turned over to the Customs Service, which can sell it at an auction. | New Policy on Illegal Drugs Permits U.S. to Seize Boats |
140943_3 | the vessels. Mayor Dennis Collins of Bayonne, who called the proposal ''an exciting idea,'' has been trying to talk the Port Authority out of paving over the peninsula and turning it into a parking lot for the delivery of foreign cars. ''There are so many better development uses it could be put to,'' he said. ''Placing a floating parking garage there sounds like it would make sense.'' Direct Line does not have permission yet to use any site, but has discussed its idea with Port Authority officials. It also has begun talks with the Liberty State Park Development Corporation, one of the organizations helping the state's Department of Environmental Protection develop the park. There has been an ongoing debate over how much parking should be allowed at the park for visitors and for those who want to take the ferry to the Statue of Liberty. Richard Dewling, Commissioner of the D.E.P., recently gave tentative approval to a proposal under which ferry passengers would be charged $3 to park at Liberty State Park. The plan would become effective next year. There is still concern that too many cars could interfere with the enjoyment of the park, but its location on the riverfront makes it difficult to reach without a car. There is a proposal to build a parking lot outside the park and bringing visitors in by bus. Mr. Westlake said that mooring a parking ship at Liberty State Park should allay fears by some officials that too much of the 700-acre park would have to be paved eventually to provide parking. It would also keep the cars out of sight. The ferry company will have to convince more than Liberty State Park officials if its plan is to succeed. Mr. Janiszewski said he had opposed prior plans to provide more parking at the park and was still against anything that would attract additional cars there. Of the three sites proposed by Direct Line, the best, he said, would be the peninsula on the Jersey City-Bayonne line. William J. Kohm, a consultant working on the project for Direct Line, said that if any of the sites became a floating parking garage, it would provide a fitting bit of irony. ''These ships contributed to the traffic congestion for years by carrying these cars over here, and now they would be turned around to help keep them off the city streets,'' he said. | Floating Garages Off Hudson Proposed |
142118_5 | less than $100 billion. And for every billion dollars earned in exports, the gross national product rises by about $2 billion. In part, the capital goods now being imported include foreign equipment no longer made here or considered superior to products made in this country. But a large portion is the foreign parts now used in American products. Thus, as the demand rises for the American-made truck axles turned out by the Cleveland-based Eaton Corporation, so does demand for imports of the metal axle housings that Eaton makes in Spain. Similarly, as demand rises for the GCA Corporation's wafer stepper, a machine that imprints circuits on semiconductor wafers, so do purchases of the advanced lenses that the Massachusetts company imports from West Germany to use in the machine. Oil Imports Also Rising Together, capital goods and oil accounted for nearly half of all imports last year. With oil import volume also rising, the trade deficit might remain above $11 billion a month well into the 1990's. ''If you eliminate these two items, there isn't enough left for a turnaround in trade,'' said Adrian Dillon, Eaton's chief economist. Nevertheless, some economists argue that capital goods exports will eventually help lower the trade deficit. They say capital goods exports will rise more rapidly than imports, widening the gap between them from the current near-zero difference. Indeed, the first sign of this showed up in the January-to-March quarter, which produced a surplus that would reach nearly $8 billion by the end of the year, if the pace were maintained. The weak dollar is also causing a growing number of foreign companies to establish factories in this country, and some American companies with operations overseas are shifting a portion of their foreign production back home. But in the short term, this development is swelling imports of capital goods. Japanese auto companies locating here, for instance, are importing from home much of the machinery needed to build the cars. ''Maybe once the re-equipping phase passes, then capital goods imports will die down, allowing an export surplus to develop,'' said Paul Krugman, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. When this might happen and how much of a surplus might develop is anyone's guess. Even so, Lawrence Chimerine, chief economist of the WEFA Group, an economic forecasting service, predicted: ''The surplus in capital goods trade will never get back to where it was in 1980.'' | Business Spending Rises Sharply, But Imports Get Much of the Gain |
148251_1 | the nation,'' the group wrote. Call for Rededication ''In education, employment, income, health, longevity and other basic measures of individual and social well-being, gaps persist - and in some cases are widening - between members of minority groups and the majority population,'' said the report, ''One-Third of a Nation.'' Two members of the panel, Gov. John Ashcroft of Missouri and former Secretary of State William P. Rogers, refused to sign the report. Mr. Ashcroft indicated that he found it too negative, and Mr. Rogers declined to discuss his reasons, though he was said to have felt it was exaggerated. Many of the report's findings reflected conclusions of other recent studies. The National Urban League, in a report released in January, found that the average family income for blacks in the 1980's has been only $16,476 a year, compared with $17,765 in the 1970's. The American Council on Education, in a study also released in January, said that black undergraduate and graduate enrollment had fallen from 9.4 percent of the national total in 1976 to about 8.8 percent last year. Today's report called for a rededication to minority progress and equality, so that ''in 20 years, a similar examination will reveal that America's minority population has attained a quality of life as high as that of the white majority.'' The panel plans to give copies to the Presidential candidates. Among the findings: * The portion of black high school graduates under 25 years old who had attended college rose to 48 percent from 39 percent in the first half of the 70's, but it dropped back to 44 percent by 1985. College attendance rates for Hispanic youths also declined slightly in that decade, from 49 to 47 percent. * The median income of black families rose from 54 percent of the median white family income in the 1950's to 61.5 percent in 1975, but then fell to 57.5 percent by 1985. * In 1986, 31.1 percent of blacks and 27.3 percent of Hispanic people in the United States had incomes below the poverty level, three times the rate of whites. 'Lost the Momentum' ''It is clear that we have lost the momentum of earlier minority progress,'' said the commission chairman, Frank H. T. Rhodes, the president of Cornell University, in a prepared statement at a news conference today. Commission members called on the nation's institutions of higher learning to strengthen efforts | Commitment to Minorities Fading in U.S., Study Says |
148266_0 | LEAD: The Customs Service and Coast Guard today altered part of their aggressive campaign against illegal drugs, a spokesman for the Customs Service said. The Customs Service and Coast Guard today altered part of their aggressive campaign against illegal drugs, a spokesman for the Customs Service said. David Hoover, the spokesman, said that under new guidelines, the Coast Guard will no longer seize American-flag vessels in international waters for possession of small amounts of drugs. The Coast Guard will, however, still be free to confiscate ships where there is evidence that they are being used to traffic in drugs. International waters begin 12 miles offshore. ''Outside is high seas as far as we are concerned,'' said Mr. Hoover. ''Inside are called in legal terms Customs waters.'' In other respects, he said, the anti-drug program of the Commissioner of Customs, William von Raab, will continue. The program, which began March 21, has been criticized for impounding expensive yachts containing shreds of marijuana. For example, the Coast Guard seized the $2.5 million yacht Ark Royal in international waters off Mexico after finding less than one-tenth an ounce of marijuana aboard. Mr. Hoover said such publicized seizures might have been a factor in revising the guidelines, which was reported in Tuesday's editions of The Washington Post. He mentioned the Ark Royal, where ''the seizure was made on a such a small amount.'' The yacht was returned to its owner after he paid a $1,600 fine. | Policy on Ship Seizures Is Altered |
148093_2 | myth that has special meaning for the patient's problems. In the new studies, researchers are examining how the identity a person chooses shapes the course of life. The new data, gathered by non-Jungian researchers, lend credibility to the methods long used by Jungian analysts, and to the view expressed by the mythologist Joseph Campbell in his classic ''The Hero With 1,000 Faces,'' who wrote, ''The latest incarnation of Oedipus, the continued romance of Beauty and the Beast, stands this afternoon on the corner of 42d Street and Fifth Avenue, waiting for the traffic light to change.'' Jerome Bruner, a psychologist at New York University who is writing a book on autobiography, said there are clear ''mythic patterns'' in the stories people tell about their lives. ''People model their account of their life on a myth, and so begin living it in those terms,'' he said. From Greeks to Sioux Much of the new research on the role of myth in psychological life builds on the work of Mr. Campbell, an expert on world mythology who died last November, and whose theories are the subject of a six-part series that began on the Public Broadcasting System last night. In his exhaustive studies of the mythologies of cultures around the world, Mr. Campbell showed how the same basic characters could be found in different versions in cultures as distant as the ancient Greeks and the Sioux Indians. Today, people encounter these characters most often not in classic myths but rather in their modern incarnations - as characters in novels, movies and television. In this sense, as Mr. Campbell observed, the young King Arthur lives today as Luke Skywalker of the ''Star Wars'' epic, Aphrodite as the mermaid in ''Splash,'' and Hercules as Rambo. Focusing on these same universal characters and themes in the stories people tell about their own lives, psychologists are finding, offers clues to the way people will behave in certain situations, given the ''script'' they see for themselves. ''What we take from the myths is not the entire story, but key aspects that resonate with and make sense of our own lives,'' said Dan McAdams, a psychologist at Loyola University in Chicago, who has done some of the most current research. Themes From a Two-Hour Tale In Dr. McAdams's research, people are asked to tell their life stories in a two-hour session, focusing on what they see as the | Personal Myths Bring Cohesion to the Chaos of Each Life |
147943_0 | LEAD: Continental Airlines, seeking to regain consumer confidence, today opened its new terminal at Newark International Airport, calling it the most technologically advanced airline terminal in the world. Continental Airlines, seeking to regain consumer confidence, today opened its new terminal at Newark International Airport, calling it the most technologically advanced airline terminal in the world. But the event was dampened by age-old airport problems as passengers waited as long as 45 minutes for their luggage, which was routed through the $255 million terminal by a computerized baggage delivery system. Continental officials nonetheless found the opening of the largest single-carrier terminal in North America -Terminal C, with three waterfalls in an 80-foot atrium - to be a success. ''We expected a few glitches, but there was nothing insurmountable,'' said Bruce Nobles, senior vice president of business management for Continental. The airline hopes the clean white-tile floors and muted lighting will create a more comfortable atmosphere for passengers. Longer Wait for Baggage Today the worst problem appeared to be with the computerized baggage delivery system - the only one of its kind, Continental officials said. Each piece of luggage has a tag with a computer code, which is read by an electronic scanner and directed by conveyor belt to one of the seven carousels in the terminal. Once the bugs are out of the system, it will speed the delivery of baggage, the airline said. But this afternoon, hundreds of passengers milled around the carousels, waiting 45 minutes or longer for their luggage. The usual wait is about 25 minutes. ''It's taken longer for my bags to come than my flight took,'' said Paul Marantz, a New Jersey resident who flew in from Syracuse. ''They've not taken any steps to say when it would arrive. It's a cosmic embarrassment.'' Diane Blanchard, who lives in Rockland County, N.Y., stood next to a carousel, sunburned from her vacation in Fort Lauderdale, Fla. ''Here comes something, watch out!'' she yelled to her daughter, Margaret, as she clambered past other passengers. ''Look for our flight numbers on the tags!'' Air-Conditioning Works ''It's a beautiful terminal, but this is horrendous,'' Mrs. Blanchard said moments later, referring to her 45-minute wait. ''At least the air-conditioning works.'' Mr. Noble said that problems with the baggage delivery system would be solved by the end of the day and that based on his discussions with passengers and Continental employees, most passengers | New Air Terminal, but Old Problems |
147926_1 | their backs on the cautious protectionism espoused by their nation since the 1870's or whether, by pulling down most of the remaining economic barriers between Canada and the United States, to commit themselves to a continental economy in which this nation of 25 million people competes on level terms with the 242 million people of the United States. In Washington the agreement appears to be on its way to ratification after its adoption last week by the Senate Finance Committee, where American opposition had centered. In the light of concessions that the committee wrote into the implementing legislation on behalf of opponents, including Western resource industries that are concerned about losing markets to subsidized Canadian competitors, the Senate is considered likely to approve the agreement this summer. All that would be required for it to go into effect on schedule next Jan. 1 would be Canada's ratification. But with both the Liberals and New Democrats vowing to abrogate the agreement if they win the next election, the pact could collapse almost as soon as the two countries begin putting into effect the complex provisions in its 1,000-page text. Together, these provisions envisage the elimination over 10 years of all tariff and most nontariff barriers in what is already the world's largest two-nation trading relationship. Americans and Canadians exchanged more than $150 billion of goods and services last year. Easing a Cause of Friction Among other things, the pact would eliminate or substantially restrict most Canadian controls over United States investment and energy trade, two issues that have long been a cause of friction with Washington. For Mr. Mulroney, an uphill battle for the agreement lies ahead. Although recent polls show a narrow majority of decided voters favoring free trade, about 35 percent of those polled say they have yet to make up their minds. Moreover, other issues, including the low personal approval ratings that Mr. Mulroney has been getting in the polls, have pushed the Conservatives down to 28 percent of decided voters in the Gallup ratings, against 41 percent for the Liberals and 31 percent for the New Democrats. Thus an election would seem likely to produce a narrow Liberal edge. Equally daunting for the Conservatives, the free trade debate has reopened old wounds in a country that has an instinct for compromise. Both Sides Are Powerful Supporters of free trade include most of the country's big businesses, while | Bitter Trade Debate Near in Ottawa |
149402_0 | LEAD: IT happens at least once a week, sometimes once a day or more. The phone rings. I answer it. The person on the other end asks me to send a taxi to such and such an address. IT happens at least once a week, sometimes once a day or more. The phone rings. I answer it. The person on the other end asks me to send a taxi to such and such an address. I reply, ''You want 5959.'' The caller apologizes and we both hang up. Often, he just hangs up without apologizing. A minor inconvenience, having a phone number only one digit removed from the local cab company. Most of the time it's minor. Sure, I've sprinted in from the garage, dashed dripping wet from the shower, tripped over the cat, only to give my little spiel, ''You want 5959.'' A few seconds of my time, helping a fellow human being get from point A to point B. Those daytime interruptions or even prime-time television disruptions cost me little. But the phone ringing in the dead of night, waking me from the depths of sleep - that is another story. For one heart-stopping, gut-wrenching moment, the mind races from potential disaster to possible tragedy. The son hundreds of miles away at school, the elderly mother living alone in Queens, the daughter who hasn't been heard from in four years, all flash through my consciousness. I quickly and unerringly find the receiver in the pitch black of the bedroom and hear, ''Can you send a taxi?'' The night voices are different from the day voices. Frequently with the women there seems to be an edge of desperation in their tone. The men are invariably intoxicated. Occasionally the sound of barroom merriment is loud in the background. More than once, a male caller, obviously taken with the sound of my voice, has tried to get something going in the way of a personal meeting. After informing them, robotlike, of the correct number they are trying to reach, I often lie awake for several minutes, vowing to call the telephone company in the morning and have my phone number changed. But I am a creature of habit. And this has been my number for 25 years, and I find the thought of the hassles involved to be too much to be bothered with. Friends have suggested that when the call | What a Difference A Digit Makes |
149769_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: In discussion of matters celestial (letter, May 15), an interest in astrological divination should be distinguished from an appreciation of man's universal heritage of stellar myth (based on astronomy), which underlies the history of art, religion, literature and philosophy. Although the astronomer Kepler practiced astrology, he dubbed it ''the foolish daughter of a wise mother'' (i.e., astronomy). Kepler wrote: ''The scanty rewards of an astronomer would not provide me with bread, if men did not entertain hopes of reading the future in the heavens.'' Stellar myth is a storehouse of practical, hard-won astronomical knowledge preserved in legend and ritual. At the service of the arts and other institutions, it is the cultural bedrock by which we secure the history of civilization and frame human orientation in the cosmic order. The zodiac, for example, a path of imagined star pictures circling the sky, is an invention of genius. By following the course of the moon, later the sun, through the zodiacal constellations, prehistoric man created the calendar and became oriented in time, i.e., history. When it was observed that the sun rose regularly at the vernal equinox in the constellation Taurus the bull, that astronomical fact defined the ''eon'' from 4000 to 1750 B.C. Twelve such eons compose the astronomers' zodiacal ''great year'' of 26,000 years. This is the difference in time between the cave paintings of bulls (circa 30,000 B.C.) at Lascaux, France, and Altamira, Spain, and the reappearance of the bull motif circa 4000 B.C. in the historical period of the bull's dominance in Europe and the Middle East. In ''The Greek Myths'' (Volume II, page 258), Robert Graves writes: ''Sir Isaac Newton was the first, so far as I know, to point out the connection between the zodiac and the Argo's voyage; and the legend may well have been influenced at Alexandria by the zodiacal signs: the ram of Phrixus, the bulls of Aeetes, the Dioscuri as the heavenly twins, Rhea's lion . . . '' He continues naming Jason's adventures around the circle of zodiacal constellations. There, Newton is not concerned with astrology, but with linking the historical consolidation of the Aegean world to the eon of Aries the ram (1750 B.C. to A.D. 400). Recorded in Greek myth as having searched for the golden fleece of the ram, the hero's ship Argo is now the largest constellation (also called | No Reason to Believe That Astrology Is True; Stellar Myth |
149505_3 | as the sole legitimate heirs to the values of their great cultural predecessors. In Alexandria, the Ptolemies founded a library, in which the scattered and diverse written remains of Greek literature could be finally gathered together and systematized as if they had always formed part of a single harmonious whole. They patronized poets who praised them by implicitly associating them with the patrons who had fostered earlier poets, and they hired scholars, who were often identical with the poets, and who prepared editions and commentaries of the great figures of the past. Modern scholars, who depend upon the munificence of institutions, tend to regard the kulturpolitik of the Ptolemies with at least enthusiasm, if not downright envy. Currently, we're going through a period of intense examination, questioning and revision of many established canons. And the tendency is certainly to be encouraged. But let us not delude ourselves that if we alter the canons in this way, that is likely to make a considerable difference anywhere in today's world outside the universities. It would be agreeable to believe that the world of politics will be much changed if we study more noncanonical authors. But I myself am not so sanguine, and suspect the professors of taking themselves far too seriously. We should study marginal authors, but the reason is that their texts have a variety of kinds of intrinsic, artistic interest. If, on the other hand, we wish to study or change the models of behavior which canonical fictions transmit in the most politically consequential way to the vast majority of our fellows, then we should get out of the libraries altogether and listen to Michael Jackson, watch ''Miami Vice'' and steel ourselves for the next movie of Sylvester Stallone. - Glenn W. Most, professor of classics, University of Innsbruck, Austria MEN WERE MEN, AND MEN WERE WHITE William Bennett and Allan Bloom, the dynamic duo of the new cultural right, have become the easy targets of the cultural left, which I am defining loosely and generously as that uneasy, shifting set of alliances formed by feminist critics, critics of so-called minority discourse, and Marxist and post-structuralist critics generally - what we might think of as the rainbow coalition of contemporary critical theory. Bennett and Bloom, the two symbols of the nostalgic return to what I think of as the antebellum aesthetic position, when men were men, and men were white, | Setting the Standards For Literary Masterpieces |
149703_0 | LEAD: IN the old Manchester factories where workers once toiled to produce the rolls of material that gave the town its nickname as ''The Silk City,'' swimmers now do laps in a pool. In Stamford, where rolls of wallpaper once were produced, diners now eat duck liver pate. In Deep River, residents relax in cozy apartments, carved out of a building where piano keyboards once were assembled. IN the old Manchester factories where workers once toiled to produce the rolls of material that gave the town its nickname as ''The Silk City,'' swimmers now do laps in a pool. In Stamford, where rolls of wallpaper once were produced, diners now eat duck liver pate. In Deep River, residents relax in cozy apartments, carved out of a building where piano keyboards once were assembled. Throughout Connecticut, the hulking factories that turned out everything from carpets to textiles to beer are being transformed for new uses. They are finding another life as apartments and condominiums, and as retail and office complexes. Still part of the landscape, they are reminders of the state's industrial heritage, even though the purposes for which these factories were built have all but vanished. Such conversions began slowly in the mid-1970's, following the passage of a Federal law that granted tax credits for converting industrial properties to residential use, provided the renovations observed the historical preservation guidelines of the Federal Department of the Interior. These projects have accounted for the majority in Connecticut, but there some that have been done without Federal help by developers who found the provisions too cumbersome. The Federal tax credit program began in the mid-1970's, but was broadened in 1981. Since 1977, there have been about 30 conversions of factories into residential uses in Connecticut, at a cost of about $155 million, said the tax act program coordinator for the Connecticut Historical Commission, Linda S. Spencer. These projects have observed Federal preservation restrictions; the historical commission does not keep track of projects done independently. The Federal program provided the impetus for the conversion of old mill buildings that sat vacant for years, boarded up and deterioriating. ''The program has been ''very, very beneficial about preserving buildings which are vacant and for which there is no modern use,'' she said. ''This program has made a tremendous difference in perserving those types of buildings.'' ''It's hard for me to know which buildings had been in | Useful Lives for Obsolete Factories |
149411_2 | according to Dominican doctors and patients. Cuban officials did not respond to a request for statistics on the volume of foreign patients. But Dominicans who were in Cuba recently said they saw Spanish, Italian, Chinese and even a few American patients at the Cira Garcia Clinic, the main clinic for foreigners in Havana. Western diplomats say Cuba attracts patients from throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, where advanced equipment and techniques are lacking and where there are often shortages of medicine and personnel. Cuban officials say more patients are now coming from the Dominican Republic than elsewhere in the Caribbean because of the direct flights and because the two countries share Spanish as their common language. 'People Return Grateful' For Cuba, health tourism is not only a source of income; like sports and education, it is a tool for promoting Cuba's Communist system. ''People return grateful to Cuba and boast that a lot of good things are coming from there,'' said Donald Reid Cabral, the Foreign Minister of the Dominican Republic, in an interview. Anti-Castro Cuban exiles in the Dominican Republic have taken out advertisments urging Dominicans not to go to Cuba. Newspapers recently published a statement from the United States Embassy here reminding the many Dominicans who have become United States citizens or who have obtained visas for permanent residence that travel to Cuba is banned under the trade embargo imposed in the 1960's. For a medical trip to Cuba, a travel agent here sends a brief description of a patient's health needs to Havana. A message comes back with a clinic ap pointment and the agent sells the health package. For a major operation, travel agents say, a spouse or companion is permitted to stay with a patient at a clinic or hospital at no additional cost beyond air fare. Payment must be made in dollars, which Cuba needs to buy essential goods from Western countries. 'Like a European Hotel' A few Dominicans went to Cuba for medical treatment before the direct flights began, usually traveling through Venezuela or Panama. July Ravelo Gallardo, a 47-year-old cosmetologist, made the trip about a year ago to have a kidney stone removed. She said she could not afford to pay and, with the help of a Dominican political leader with contacts in Cuba, she got the procedure without charge. ''The hospital was marvelous,'' she said. ''It was like a European hotel.'' | Room With a Nurse: Cuba's 'Health Tourism' |
149655_2 | a lot about precautions against bites, bad food, bad water or unsafe hotels. Airlines do not see it as their job to let their passengers know the dangers in the place they elect to go to. The official airline of a nation is reluctant from the standpoints of pride and commerce to be associated with some health hazard. Travel agents - and one said so at the conference - do not consider it their responsibility to tell their customers what immunizations would provide useful health protection for a trip, a matter radically different from saying what shots or visas will satisfy immigration authorities. The purpose of the conference, as Dr. Hans Lobel of the Centers for Disease Control and his fellow experts saw it, was to seek some uniformity in the information given to travelers and to exchange material on the realities of adapting to life in various countries. There were many curious tales, from the airport security guards who directed a native Canadian to slide her backboard, with baby, through the X-ray machine, to a report on an English-Portuguese project to clean up a resort beach next to a discharge of raw sewage that sickened most of the vacationers who went there. Dr. Herbert DuPont of the University of Texas Medical School, discussing diarrhea among students in Mexico, drew laughter when he said that often enough overseas, ''milk was pasteurized by law but not by heating.'' There is a growing subdivision of emporiatric medicine - this is the formal name of travel medicine - in the many clinics that prepare people for travel, with information, inoculations, prophylactic treatments and advice. The prime clients of these clinics are missionaries or other workers who are going overseas with their families for long stays. The conference attracted representatives of these clinics, services that provide computerized information on conditions in various places as well as authors of books on travelers' health. All concurred that general practitioners lacked up-to-date specialized information and that the leisure traveler was still plunging off with only the vaguest nod to health matters. Even those who did it right slacked off; most people stopped taking their malaria pills when they got home, although the Government says they should be continued for four weeks. Such information is available from several sources. The World Health Organization and the American Centers for Disease Control, two of the six sponsors of the conference, | Health, Too, Is Part Of Planning a Trip |
149369_0 | LEAD: HISTORY is making a comeback. HISTORY is making a comeback. For two decades, the discipline suffered as baby boomers searched for relevance or chased their fortunes. According to the American Historical Association, the granting of Ph.D.'s in history peaked in 1972 at 1,215, dropped to 543 by 1985, then edged up to 563 in 1986, the last year for which figures are available. Undergraduate degrees followed a similar pattern. There were not many jobs for history graduates, anyway, in the 1970's and early 1980's. A handful of historians could look forward to university professorships. A few others might become archive managers at large companies or museums. Most history graduates turned to work outside the field. But these days, many university history programs are filled. And if today's history graduates consult ''History News Dispatch,'' the monthly newsletter put out by the American Association for State and Local History, they will find opportunities all over the country for county curators, reference librarians and ''objects conservators'' who decide what will be preserved for posterity. At the same time, Federal, state and especially local governments have created new offices for record keepers, archive managers and preservationists. Even the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, one of the newest agencies, operates a history office. History's renaissance spills into the for-profit sector as well. ''History for Hire'' consultancies are flourishing, helping developers qualify for the low-interest loans and tax credits offered as incentives for refurbishing historic buildings. To be eligible for these programs, companies and individuals have to prove the historic significance of their properties, and this has created a demand for urban architectural historians. Corporations are hiring historians, too, to provide context for executives' speeches and testimony, legal research, biographies for the press office and archival systems for important documents. Universities are responding to this growing demand. Many offer innovative courses such as architectural and environmental history. Steven Diner, vice provost at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va., said that when he was earning his Ph.D. in history from the University of Chicago in 1972, ''the assumption was you were going to be a scholar.'' Now, he said, ''there is an impressively wide range of opportunities for history majors.'' George Mason students can choose from academic programs in archival management, neighborhood and architectural preservation or museum management. All these programs, Mr. Diner said, ''are packed.'' WHAT'S NEW IN THE HISTORY BUSINESS | Preserving - and Profiting From - the Past |
149656_0 | LEAD: Going to Cuba Going to Cuba Question: Is it possible for an American tourist to travel to Cuba on an American ship and a United States passport? If so, where would one get a visa? - H. T. M., Greenwich, Conn. Answer: Travel by Americans to Cuba is possible, subject to United States Treasury regulations. While the United States Government has not banned travel to Cuba, citizens and residents are forbidden to spend American money there - or foreign currencies obtained by converting dollars. Violation of the law can result in a fine of $10,000 or up to 10 years' imprisonment or both. The regulation is waived for government officials, family visitors and certain professional researchers. Travel may be authorized for visitors wishing to participate in public exhibitions or performances, provided they obtain a license to spend money from the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control. The Treasury says neither tourism nor business travel can be authorized. A leaflet called ''Tips for Travel to Cuba'' is available for $1 from the Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. There is no passenger service by ship, and travel agents who book people on freighters say they know of no cargo vessels that carry passengers to Havana. However, the Cuban Consul in Washington, Walfredo Garciga, says that private boats may dock at Marina Hemingway in Havana for three days without the need for passengers to have visas, although they must have Cuban documentation for the boat. The State Department discourages such visits because if a boat has a breakdown or any sort of mishap the department cannot provide assistance; there is no Coast Guard agreement between the two countries. There is no scheduled air service from the United States, but there are charter flights twice a week between Miami and Havana, and Cubana Airlines has scheduled service to Havana from Mexico City and Montreal. The Cubans say the only documents an American needs to visit is a United States passport and a Cuban visa. Visa applications are processed by the Cuban Interest Section -which serves as an unofficial embassy - at 2630 16th Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20009 (202-797-8518). An official said visas were usually issued within a few days on payment of a $24 fee. Coast of Maine Question: I am looking for a place to train for an August attempt to swim the English Channel. It is impossible to get | Q and A |
144066_1 | his top aide, Abu Jihad, the Palestine Liberation Organization's military commander. Abu Jihad was killed by unknown assailants, widely assumed to be Israeli agents, in Tunis last month. Reports Were Discussed ''We discussed some reports which we heard about possible P.L.O. intentions to retaliate for Abu Jihad's assassination,'' Mr. Murphy told two Congressional panels. ''We took those up with some Arab governments with whom we have very close relations.'' State Department officials said there were American intelligence reports that Mr. Arafat approved retaliatory measures against the United States, but added that no installation or American citizen was specified as a target. A rocket-propelled grenade was fired at the United States Embassy in Sanaa, North Yemen, today, State Department officials said. The grenade shattered glass, but no injuries were reported. No one took responsibility for the attack. Mr. Murphy testified before two House Foreign Affairs subcommittees to defend a proposed sale of $825 million in military equipment to Saudi Arabia. The proposal has prompted Congressional opposition in large part because of Saudi Arabia's recent purchase of Chinese-made missiles. Mr. Murphy rejected an assertion made by Mr. Arafat at a news conference today in Baghdad that the United States threatened in its messages to attack P.L.O. leaders if Palestinian guerrillas attack American targets. Reads From Document At the news conference, Mr. Arafat read from a document that P.L.O. officials said was delivered by an unnamed Arab country on behalf of the United States. The document, made available to reporters in Baghdad, denied any American involvement in Abu Jihad's assassination. ''It has come to our attention that the P.L.O. leader Yasir Arafat may have personally approved a series of terrorist attacks against American citizens and facilities abroad, possibly in retaliation for last month's assassination of Abu Jihad,'' the document said. ''Any possible targeting of American personnel and facilities in retlaiation for Abu Jihad's assassination would be totally reprehensible and unjustified. We would hold the P.L.O. responsible for any such attacks.'' The document was typed in English and had the word ''confidential'' stamped at the bottom, but bore no other identifying marks, according to The Associated Press. A senior State Department official confirmed the contents of the message. Mr. Arafat denied that the P.L.O. was planning terrorist actions against the United States. In his testimony, Mr. Murphy also called the Saudi purchase of Chinese ballistic missiles a ''mistake'' that will not enhance Saudi security. | Official Says Arafat Ordered Attacks Against U.S. |
143936_3 | have in a place that the ancient Greeks believed was supposed to be devoted to the search for truth and justice? Here the social system of fraternities and sororities serves nearly 65 percent of the student body and there is concern that if it is put asunder, chaos will follow and, as one professor said, ''the cost not just in terms of dollars but of human relations would be devastating.'' If the debate takes the high road, as many here hope, it will likely go well beyond the immediate issue to larger concerns that trouble the modern academy but, again, have not been widely debated. One cannot, for example, talk about the behavior of students without discussing their character. And for institutions in a highly competitive industry, there is great risk in such talk. Mr. Glassick asks himself if recent cohorts are indeed as they seem: ''less involved, less engaged, not as intellectually motivated'' as those of, say, two decades ago. Dr. Mott, reflecting on the drunken Sybarites of Tau Kappa Epsilon and on another fraternity that, he said, ''did $70,000 worth of damage to its own house,'' wonders if ''we are building a history of student behavior that reflects an increasing lack of self-discipline.'' Susan Brady, the dean of Student Life, worries about a ''very prolonged adolescence'' she sees in many students. ''Compared to students 20 years ago, they are not taking on the same level of responsibility,'' she said. If those observations are accurate, then the role of the faculty must be examined for - to use the measure of the ancients, the Greeks - the faculty has failed. To be engaged, to be disciplined, to be responsible is to possess self-knowledge, or to be educated. The faculty has been traveling or reading or writing. ''We have disassociated ourselves from students in ways that are unhealthy,'' Dr. Mott said. He proposes that this change. But to have the contact that leads to true education, the college must overhaul the standards by which professors are rewarded. Individual scholarship and publication are solitary pursuits. No one receives tenure for an animated seminar or a semester of rich dialogue. In other words, what this small campus has in mind is to turn what happened one October night in the grass outside Tau Kappa Epsilon into a college-wide tutorial, a search for the institutional self. This, too, is the Greek way. EDUCATION | Lessons |
144057_0 | LEAD: International A3-15 International A3-15 Polish workers ended their strike at the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk. The Government did not give in to the workers' main demands; the strikers acknowledged that they had not triumphed. Page A1 An exiled Soviet director returned to Moscow for 10 days to help stage a play at the theater he founded. Yuri Lyubimov was stripped of his citizenship while touring Britain in 1984. A1 Right-wing guerrillas in Mozambique have killed at least 100,000 people and driven almost a million from their homes, according to the State Department. Mozambicans have fled to Government-held towns and cities. A1 President Mitterrand designated Michel Rocard, a moderate Socialist, as France's Prime Minister. Mr. Rocard is expected to name a Cabinet that will include independents. A6 Man in the news: Michel Rocard, the new Prime Minister of France, is a long-time rival of President Mitterrand, who selected him, in part, because of his reputation as a Socialist willing to defend free markets. A6 A freed hostage recalled captivity in an account published in France. Jean-Paul Kauffmann wrote that he and Michel Seurat might never have been captured had they not missed a bus the day they arrived in Lebanon. A6 New identity cards for Palestinians in the Gaza Strip are being issued by Israel in the latest attempt to stifle the Palestinian uprising by administrative means. Gazans must exchange green cards for pink ones. A3 Panama's ruler is using violence, threats and imprisonment to intimidate his opponents. Gen. Manuel Noriega appears to be hardening his hold on power despite American efforts to persuade him to resign. A7 Improved human rights in Cuba have been the result of a two-year-long international campaign led by the United States, diplomats say. Two Cubans are taking advantage of that to publicize abuses. A4 Gorbachev in plea to editors A11 Shultz to press arms compliance A12 National A16-25, D20, D28 Oil development in northern Alaska has been more extensive and caused more environmental damage than the Government predicted before oil projects began there 16 years ago, according to an unreleased Government report. A1 Scientists isolated a virus that causes liver disease in thousands of people who undergo blood transfusions. They said their work should allow them to develop a test that could screen donated blood. A1 New rules on outdoor tests of genetically altered microorganisms are being prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency. The | NEWS SUMMARY |
149887_1 | issues. 1 The failed effort to oust Noriega resulted from a series of miscalculations and a fundamental lack of coordination among the agencies responsible for policy toward Panama, according to American officials and diplomats. 1 Peace seemed possible in Nicaragua as three days of negotiations brought the Sandinista Government and the contra guerrillas closer than ever to a final armistice, although they are still separated by important differences. 2 An American cemetery in Belgium was filled with more than 500 people for a Memorial Day ceremony. Present were American veterans and relatives of the dead, Belgian families, North Atlantic Treaty Organization officials and survivors of the Belgian Resistance. 2 An irreverent French tabloid is a living monument to the spirit of the student upheaval of 1968. It is a measure of the newspaper's evolution toward the mainstream that the editor's trenchant election commentaries are among the most widely read in the country. 4 A leading Chinese intellectual has come to the United States to spend a year at Harvard University's Nieman Foundation. The scholar, Liu Binyan was among three outspoken intellectuals who were expelled from the Chinese Communist Party under renewed restrictions on free expression. 3 NATIONAL/9-11 Congress is moving closer to giving the armed forces more responsibility in the war against drugs, but previous efforts by the military have met limited success. 1 A senior strategist for George Bush says there are similarities between the campaigns of '76 and '88, ''but this one, we're going to win.'' The chief poll-taker, Robert Teeter, is considered to be a critical element in Mr. Bush's chances of winning the White House. 11 Lee Atwater plays hardball politics as Vice President Bush's campaign manager. He is widely regarded as among the most talented Republican political consultants in the country, but there is often an edge of suspicion concerning his tactics. 11 Tourism in the Napa Valley has spread alarm among grape growers and wine makers, local officials and citizens of this verdant corridor where agriculture and tourism co-exist in a delicate balance. 9 The U.S.-Canada free-trade pact has some enthusiastic backers in Quebec, and few of them have more to gain than Hydro-Quebec, the province's electricity utility, which has staked its expansion plans on huge sales to New York and New England. 29 Politics 11 Dukakis criticized the environment, denouncing advocating construction of waste treatment plants, progressive user fees for waste disposal systems | NEWS SUMMARY |
143237_0 | LEAD: INTERNATIONAL/3-15 INTERNATIONAL/3-15 Pope John Paul II approved of strikes in Poland and insisted that the crisis can only be solved by fundamental political changes leading to democracy. The remarks were the Pope's strongest since the unrest beagn. Page 1 American support for a Polish plan for economic recovery is jeopardized by the Polish Government's violent crackdown on labor protests, the State Department's second-ranking official said. 13 Shipyard managers began talks with workers striking at the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk, Poland. The talks, mediated by Roman Catholic Church leaders, were the first time management had agreed to meet strike leaders. 12 Political change in the Soviet Union has yet to result from Mikhail Gorbachev's calls for liberalized debate and limited elections. But the Soviet Union is engaged in a struggle against its own authoritarian tradition. 1 The issue of the occupied territories has become the central one for Israeli politicians, who have already begun campaigning for the November elections. They differ over what to do with the territories. 1 A Vietnamese economist's request to visit the United States may be denied by the State Department, according to supporters of the economist, Nguyen Xuan Oanh, an American-educated expert on free markets. 5 The removal of Managua's Mayor and his decision to quit the Sandinista Front shocked politicians in Nicaragua. More extraordinary, Moises Hassan Morales decided to stay in Nicaragua and remain active in politics. 3 Japanese immigrants to Brazil struggled after they first arrived in 1908. Close to a million people of Japanese origin live in Brazil today, and they have helped modernize and develop the country. 14 Canada and France are disputing fishing rights in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. They have stepped up the diplomatic war over the fishing rights that accrue to France because of two tiny islands it possesses near Newfoundland. 4 President Mitterrand is favored to win a second seven-year term in today's Presidential elections in France in spite of a last-minute offensive by Prime Minister Jacques Chirac to generate support. 12 Singapore asks removal of U.S. envoy 3 New report says 18 monks died in Tibet protest 6 62 die as Shiites battle to control Southern Beirut 8 Hope fades for Panama's economy 14 NATIONAL/16-21, 30-32 The story of a Salvadoran set free recently from a detention center in California echoed testimony in the two-year trial in Federal District Court that led to the ruling | NEWS SUMMARY |
143205_1 | Newfoundland, prompting similar outrage among politicians in France. Prime Minister Brian Mulroney has suggested that the issue is being exploited by Prime Minister Jacques Chirac of France as part of Mr. Chirac's campaign for the French presidency. Both Mr. Chirac and his opponent in Sunday's runoff vote, President Francois Mitterrand, have issued statements implying that Canada is bullying the 6,200 inhabitants of St. Pierre and Miquelon, who depend on fishing and subsidies from France. Not to be outdone, opposition politicians in Canada have demanded that the Mulroney Government go beyond its faltering pursuit of a settlement and impose sanctions on France. After the Canadian trawler's arrest, spokesmen for the Liberal and New Democratic parties demanded that Canada break off discussions with Government-controlled companies in France that are competing for multibillion-dollar contracts to supply wide-bodied airliners for Air Canada and nuclear-powered submarines for the Canadian Navy. Behind the exchanges lies more than codfish, although access to the rich stocks that have drawn contending fishing fleets from Europe since the 16th century is an emotional issue around the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The dispute also feeds on the complex feelings that have roots in France's humiliating departure from the rest of what became British North America - and later Canada - 225 years ago. As part of the Treaty of Paris of 1763, France lost Quebec to Britain but retained St. Pierre and Miquelon as a fishing station. Although Britain twice captured the islands, they subsequently became bonded to France, so any perceived attack on their well-being from Canada has a considerable resonance in French politics. The current dispute involves two related issues - the overlapping 200-mile ''exclusive economic zones'' claimed by Canada and France in the waters south of Newfoundland, where both sides have hopes of striking oil, and fishing quotas, both in the disputed zone and in the waters that each side recognizes as belonging to the other. The arrest of the Canadian trawler on Thursday caused Canada to withdraw, at least temporarily, from talks in Paris aimed at entrusting the dispute to an international mediator. The fishing dispute was held in abeyance for 15 years by a 1972 agreement that allowed French-registered trawlers an annual catch of 17,500 tons. But Canada, arguing that the French were surreptitiously exceeding the quota, refused to renew the agreement last year and banned French vessels from their traditional fishing grounds in Canadian waters. | Canada-France Fishing Dispute Runs Deep |
142988_0 | LEAD: ATLANTA ATLANTA It has finally happened: A truly wonderful skyscraper from Philip Johnson and John Burgee. Ten years after these architects hurled a Chippendale-style split pediment atop a granite tower to create the A. T. & T. Building in New York - effectively changing the rules for skyscraper design in our time -they have at last got it right. The new I.B.M. Building in Atlanta is a gracious, sumptuous, serene tower; topped by a 100-foot-high copper pyramid, it stands tall and self-assured, and it has excited this city as no building has since John Portman's first Hyatt Regency Hotel was finished 20 years ago. The I.B.M. Building has none of the gangling awkwardness of the A. T. & T. Building, and it has none of the gratuitous use of historical form of so many of Mr. Johnson and Mr. Burgee's other recent buildings, such as P.P.G. Place in Pittsburgh, where mirrored glass plays coyly at being English Gothic, or International Place in Boston, where Palladio is vulgarized by being turned into a curtain wall that looks like wallpaper. This Atlanta building is as post-modern and as dependent on historical elements as any of these, but it is not glib, gimmicky or fussy. It is nearly alone among Mr. Johnson and Mr. Burgee's recent efforts in deserving to be called beautiful; only their Transco Tower in Houston, finished in 1983, equals it. What makes this building work, when so many others do not? Moreover, why does going back into history not seem trite here, as it does in so many other instances? This pink granite tower - which is officially called One Atlantic Center, although it is better known around Atlanta simply by the name of its lead tenant and part-owner, I.B.M. - is certainly not profound; it is a kind of easy-listening architecture, which makes its success all the more intriguing. The building's detailing is vaguely Gothic, but it is much more dependent on Gothic skyscrapers of the 1920's than Gothic churches of the middle ages, for its overall form is simple and direct; this is a kind of ur-tower, as basic to our image of tower as a Cape Cod cottage is to our image of house. The building has a sense of soaring height, and it strikes an ideal balance between delicacy and strength. The tower's shaft is roughly square, with a small slice off each of | American Gothic Rides High In Atlanta's I.B.M. Building |
143298_2 | some figures showing the contour of the increase. In 1986, he said, the last year for which totals have been made, 88,750 cases were reported in the Americas; for 1985, the figure was 68,998 and for 1984, it was 43,435. The number of unreported cases is much higher, Dr. Gubler said, citing a ''reliable'' estimate of over a million cases in Brazil in 1986 and '87 together. Since 1985, there have been major epidemics reported in Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Aruba, Barbados, St. Lucia and Puerto Rico. The Centers for Disease Control has evidence that dengue has been transmitted in most of the other countries of Americas, including Honduras, Belize, Venezuela, Trinidad, most of the Antilles, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica, although these countries have not reported epidemics. The dengue virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, and since there is no vaccine against it, the Government bulletin stressed avoiding bites. The experts who gave old-fashioned ''cover up'' prescriptions were attending the first Conference on International Travel Medicine in Zurich last month. They were less concerned with dengue than with malaria, which has become a preoccupation because of the evolution of a malaria strain that is resistant to the drugs ordinarily used for prevention. The mosquitoes that carry dengue, the Government says, prefer to bite in the daytime, particularly for several hours after daybreak and for several hours before dark. But they can feed any time in the day, particularly indoors or in the shade. Malaria mosquitoes prefer to bite at night and are mainly found in rural areas. Dengue mosquitoes are most often found near human habitation. So avoiding mosquitoes should be a daylong task, whether you are in town or the country. Dr. Peter F. Beales of the World Health Organization, speaking in Zurich, recommended long-sleeved shirts and long trousers for wear outdoors and the use of repellents on the skin. Socks should reach high enough to protect the legs when you are sitting down. Dr. Beales said he hoped some company would make knitted elastic bands, like those worn by tennis players, for the head, wrists and ankles, that kill mosquitoes. These, he said, could be impregnated on the outside with a solution of permethrin. This synthetic insecticide, however, is not yet approved nationally for human use in a liquid form. Dr. Hans Lobel of the Centers for Disease Control, a malaria specialist, presented to | To Avoid Dengue Fever, Take Grandma's Advice |
143149_0 | LEAD: Despite a spectacular last-minute offensive to turn the tide against him, President Francois Mitterrand, a Socialist, heads into Sunday's presidential election favored to win a second seven-year term. Despite a spectacular last-minute offensive to turn the tide against him, President Francois Mitterrand, a Socialist, heads into Sunday's presidential election favored to win a second seven-year term. In the last few days, Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, the conservative candidate, has frantically mobilized the resources of Government to try to generate a nationalistic tide of opinion that would permit him to overtake the head of state. But confidential opinion polls place Mr. Mitterrand comfortably ahead of Mr. Chirac. Three days before the vote, Mr. Chirac personally welcomed home the last three Frenchmen who had been held hostage in Lebanon. At the same time, the Prime Minister approved a bloody assault to free 23 other French hostages who had been seized by Melanesian separatists in the Pacific territory of New Caledonia. 'Chirac's Falklands War' ''The attack in New Caledonia was Chirac's Falklands war,'' said Jean-Marie Colombani, an editor at Le Monde, adding sarcastically, ''But instead of the Argentine Army he took on Melanesians armed with machetes.'' Appealing further to French patriotic impulses, Mr. Chirac then defied New Zealand and summoned home a 38-year-old French agent, Dominique Prieur, who had been confined to a Pacific atoll for her role in sinking the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbor in 1985. Mrs. Prieur was supposed to have remained on the atoll for a year more under an agreement with New Zealand, but word was put out in Paris that she was pregnant. Interior Minister Charles Pasqua multiplied his truculent criticisms of New Zealand and British politicians who insistently asked what price France had paid Iran for the Beirut hostages. With their 11th-hour burst of muscular activism, Mr. Chirac and Mr. Pasqua were apparently wooing voters of the extreme-right National Front, which won an impressive 14.4 percent of the popular vote in the first round of balloting on April 24. The Prime Minister needs virtually all of the xenophobic National Front's votes to be elected President on Sunday. Risk of Losing the Center But various politicians said Mr. Chirac risked alienating centrist voters who supported Raymond Barre, a former Prime Minister, in the first round. Mr. Barre pointedly expressed sadness at the loss of 21 lives - 19 Melanesians and two French soldiers - | French Campaign Ends With Flurry by Challenger |
141199_5 | on a boat with 35 people that left Vietnam's Rachgia Province for Malaysia on Feb. 20. Their boat caught fire on the second day out, and they decided to beach it on a Thai island. Three days later, Thai fishing boats arrived and their crews rounded up the Vietnamese, robbed them, raped the women and sent them all back to sea, said Ninh Vuong Nguyen Thi, 18. Soon after, the Vietnamese reached an American oil rig, where they were given food and other assistance. Children Thrown to Sea Mi Nguyen Thi, 24, the fifth woman, was not so lucky. She said she was the only survivor of boat of 41 people who left Vietnam on Jan. 7. After three days at sea, Thai fishermen intercepted them, took their possessions and kidnapped 10 girls and women. The children, Miss Thi said, were thrown into the sea. Eight women jumped overboard in an act of suicide. The story suddenly stopped, because Miss Thi broke into tears and sobs and had to be led away by a Roman Catholic Church official. She had come to a Mass on Saturday, the 13th anniversary of the fall of South Vietnam. The French priest, the Rev. Pierre Ceyrac, made the Mass a memorial service to ''all those who died in Vietnam, at sea and along this border.'' Mr. Giao, who speaks French and English, said he has a 19-year-old son in California. His wife left him and remarried while he was in prison, he said. Pirates of all nationalities have traditionally roamed the seas of this region, but reports of Thai piracy increased dramatically as Vietnamese fled en masse after the fall of Saigon in 1975. In response, since the late 1970's the United States Congress has allocated about $1 million annually for two programs to help Thailand increase its anti-piracy patrols. One is an international program also supported by Canada, Australia, New Zealand France, and other nations. The second is a strictly Thai-American program begun in 1982 under a Congressional mandate. The two programs have made it possible for the Thais to acquire patrol boats, radios and other equipment. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, attacks began to drop by the mid-1980's in the region of Songkhla, a fishing port in the south of Thailand where the anti-piracy patrol was based and an area where many Vietnamese had landed over the years. | Thai Fishermen Again Brutalizing Vietnam Refugees, Survivors Say |
141102_2 | Mix There are only about 50 regular members now, bolstered by a few hundred occasional supporters in the barely noticed work of simply trying to get Protestant and Catholic children to mix and breach the barriers of their respective bastions. More than 150 are provided two-week summer vacations together each year financed in part by donations from America. Volunteer workers help organize disco dances and soccer games across the divide, and they bring wives by bus from the separate ghettos to see their husbands in prison for crimes of the troubles. Lately the movement has begun focusing on the emergency criminal justice procedures long imposed by Northern Ireland's British ministers, measures Amnesty International and other watchdog groups have criticized. In particular, Mrs. Maguire is championing the cause of Shane O'Doherty, who was 18 years old when sentenced to life in prison in 1976 after admitting a letter-bomb plot. She asks why he and 33 other aging youths are held indeterminately with parole denied, while the one young British soldier ever jailed for homicide in abusing a Northern Ireland civilian was quietly released back into the army after less than three years in prison. ''One mistake we made back then was in letting people think the movement was only critical of the Provos,'' said Mrs. Maguire, referring to the gunmen of the Provisional Irish Republican Army. These days, she carefully balances her criticisms. ''We all were ashamed when those two British soldiers were beaten and killed at the funeral,'' she said, speaking as a Catholic and referring to one of the most notorious atrocities. Gibraltar Is Another Shame ''But we were ashamed and angered, too, at what happened in Gibraltar,' she said, referring to what some witnesses testified was the gunning down without warning by British agents of three Irish rebels suspected of a car-bomb plot. Mrs. Maguire's smiling, almost apologetic persistence in the movement veils a tale of personal sorrow that she says all too many people here suffer in some form of lost or withered life. In her case, this sorrow - and the movement - began in 1976, when she saw the bodies of the three small children of her sister, Ann, who were killed as innocent pedestrians caught in a car chase and gun battle involving nationalist guerrillas and the police. Mairead Corrigan's outrage in the press prompted Mrs. Williams, a stranger from the Protestant quarter, to | Belfast Journal; The Laurels of Peace Were Green (for a Season) |
115195_0 | LEAD: MICHAEL Goulding works in what he calmly describes as ''the greatest evolutionary theater in the world.'' One of the few scholars to study the rivers of the Amazon basin, he spends months sifting through muddy streams in a region where a single river holds more species than all the waters of North MICHAEL Goulding works in what he calmly describes as ''the greatest evolutionary theater in the world.'' One of the few scholars to study the rivers of the Amazon basin, he spends months sifting through muddy streams in a region where a single river holds more species than all the waters of North America. The 38-year-old California biologist can barely hide his joy when he talks of recording more than 400 fish species that were never before identified. He dwells with enthusiasm on the unusual relationship between fish and trees he found here in the Amazon, a discovery that made him famous among fellow biologists. A fieldworker by temperament as well as philosophy, he sometimes eats peccary for lunch and curassow, a turkeylike bird, for dinner. His neighbors include electric eels and poisonous ants and the spot where he sleeps may suddenly cave in and slide away. Now, at a time of escalating concern about the cutting of tropical forests, a time when governments and international aid agencies are joining conservationists in praise of the biological riches of the tropics, one would expect someone like Dr. Goulding to feel pleased. Instead, he is alarmed. For even as concern about the fate of tropical ecosystems seems to rise, he notes, the study of tropical nature in the field has been drained of resources, prestige and qualified people in favor of highly technical laboratory work. Like many other experts in tropical ecology, Dr. Goulding warns that, with tropical forests being destroyed and rivers permanently altered at a rapid rate, many species are becoming extinct even before they are discovered. ''Natural history has become unfashionable,'' said Dr. Goulding. ''It cannot compete anymore with looking at cells and splicing genes.'' Cultural perceptions of what is ''scientific'' have changed, he said, and few biologists are motivated to continue the field work of natural history. ''Some people come here on expensive projects to study the biochemistry of frog saliva or the brain cells of a certain fish,'' he continued. ''What good does that do here if we don't even know most of the species | In the Quiet World of Fruit-Eating Fish, a Biologist Feels Too Alone |
121383_3 | at the relative security offered by accounting firms. Price Waterhouse wants to tap this liberal arts college market. Mr. Bonsignore is an example of a broader background that the firm now wants. A graduate of Cornell University with a major in labor relations, Mr. Bonsignore earned a master's degree in public administration from Cornell's business school. He was working with Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc., the management consulting firm, when Price Waterhouse hired him to begin the new program. It has not been easy, he acknowledged. First, the firm's 809 partners had to be convinced that paying higher salaries, which might initially cut into their profits, would be beneficial. Then he had to put the hiring program into effect. ''The real challenge has been to wear away the reliance on undergraduate-level accountants and persuade our managers to look at broader talents,'' he said. This spring the firm expects to hire about 1,000 young accountants, or about 10 percent fewer than the 1,100 who joined the firm last year. In the group will be 800 new graduates who majored in accounting, and 200 with master's degrees in accounting or taxation. He also hopes to hire more than 100 people with master's degrees in business administration, compared with the 80 hired last year. They will receive salaries of $50,000 or more. In addition, the firm will hire 80 professional assistants, mostly liberal arts graduates, adding to the ranks of the 154 on hand. By 1990 he expects to be hiring 200 a year. He estimates the salary level for the assistants at about $22,000 a year, depending on the area where they work. Assigned to help the accountants, the professional assistants are encouraged to study at night so they can take the examination to become certified public accountants. Mr. Bonsignore expects other big accounting firms to match Price Waterhouse's salary level for beginners. ''We will all benefit if they do,'' he said. However, Jerry Walsh, a manager for the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, said that no other major accounting firm had yet followed Price Waterhouse's example in increasing its salary scale and eliminating overtime. ''Several firms have pointed out that there is not that much difference because they pay overtime, which adds up during the tax season,'' he said. Mr. Walsh noted that Touche Ross & Company, one of the Big Eight firms, now pays $50,000 and more to M.B.A.'s. | Careers; Wider Skills Needed in Accounting |
123401_0 | LEAD: An attempt by Palestinian guerrillas to infiltrate Israel from Lebanon by sea was foiled today when an Israeli naval vessel intercepted their rubber dinghy and sank it. An attempt by Palestinian guerrillas to infiltrate Israel from Lebanon by sea was foiled today when an Israeli naval vessel intercepted their rubber dinghy and sank it. Accounts by both sides said the incident occurred off the southern Lebanese port of Tyre. A military spokesman, quoted by the Israeli radio in a broadcast monitored here, said the dinghy was intercepted in the morning as it headed toward northern Israel from Tyre, which is under the control of Shiite Moslem Lebanese militiamen. Palestine Liberation Organization figures in southern Lebanon said two of the five guerrillas on board were killed when the boat was set afire by a shell fired from an Israeli frigate. The other three swam to shore, the P.L.O. figures said. The P.L.O. figures said the guerrillas involved in today's operation are members of Al Fatah, the largest P.L.O. group, which is led by the P.L.O. chairman, Yasir Arafat. Their reported destination was Nahariya, an Israeli shore resort, which they were to have raided in retaliation for attacks on P.L.O. targets in Cyprus earlier this month that the P.L.O. has blamed on Israel. | Israelis Sink a Dinghy, Thwarting P.L.O. Raid |
117943_0 | LEAD: To The Home Section: To The Home Section: If Deconstructivism is to be the architectural wave of the future, with its chaotically slanting walls and angling doorways [ 'The Limit of Chaos Tempts a New School of Architects,'' by Joseph Giovannini; Feb. 4 ] , can a Deconstructivist skyscraper be far behind? Can't you just see it tilting vertiginously out of the rectilinear Manhattan skyline as the population below gulps Dramamine? Picture it rearing coyly back - no doubt in mock horror at Philip Johnson's Chippendale pediment - poking fun at Post-Modernism, all that ''classical form'' and ''balanced symmetry.'' But hold on a minute! Won't this blithely slanting skyscraper put one in mind of another, much earlier, skyscraper? Won't it, in fact, look like a most imaginative interpretation of the Leaning Tower of Pisa? And then what could you really call it but the ultimate in post-modern statement? Or could it just be that the Leaning Tower of Pisa is actually early Deconstructivist? Has architecture come full circle? Oh dear, it's so confusing! MRS. JOHN C. SHALVOY, Fairfield, Conn. | Tilting Skyscrapers |
117908_0 | LEAD: THE itinerant ceiling painter Larry Boyce has arrived in New York City after clocking 8,600 miles across the Canadian Rockies on his bicycle. Mr. Boyce may be identified by his zebra-striped tights and his tendency to color-coordinate his clothes with his ceilings. THE itinerant ceiling painter Larry Boyce has arrived in New York City after clocking 8,600 miles across the Canadian Rockies on his bicycle. Mr. Boyce may be identified by his zebra-striped tights and his tendency to color-coordinate his clothes with his ceilings. Formerly of San Francisco, Mr. Boyce, a 42-year-old nondriver who grew up in Farmington, Mich., is a compulsive painter. No ceiling, frieze, wainscoting or chandelier medallion is safe. Mr. Boyce's lush designs, often with intricate, historically accurate details, tend toward the explosively polychromatic (shown here: a detail for a neo-Navajo ceiling). His preferred modus operandi is to ride up to the owner of a Victorian home and say, disarmingly, ''Hey, can I paint your ceiling?'' He has painted Art Deco murals in the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco and the elaborate ceilings in the home of Richard Reutlinger, the treasurer of the Victorian Alliance, a preservation group in San Francisco. The painter's journey to New York began last April. ''I was afraid of New York for years,'' he said, but he changed his mind after being stranded here three years ago ''during a fire in Grand Central.'' He fell in love with the city. ''I loved walking down the street because it was like being out West,'' he said. ''There were miles and miles of canyons.'' Mr. Boyce's bicycle tour took him across British Columbia to northern Ontario. By August, he was in upstate New York, where he circled three of the Finger Lakes and painted a wall for a Victorian interior in Skaneateles, N.Y. He then headed for Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine and Rhode Island, stopping in Boston at the end of October to paint an Egyptian-style fireplace. Mr. Boyce is reachable through Patricia Poore, 69A Seventh Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11217. His work costs from $3,000 to $27,000. He is armed with a 15-speed touring bike and lots of paint. CURRENTS | Itinerant Painter Only Does Ceilings |
118053_5 | slaughtering hundreds of whales in open defiance of its 1984 agreement with the United States and the International Whaling Commission's moratorium on commercial whaling. It is doubly outrageous that Japan is attempting to justify these actions in the name of science.'' Dean Wilkenson, wildlife legislative director for Greenpeace, another conservation group, hailed Mr. Verity's action, saying: ''The message has now gone out: Whaling must cease. It is encouraging that the Commerce Department is following through on the long-standing U.S. policy to end commercial whaling.'' The International Whaling Commission imposed the moratorium in 1986 because of evidence that the commercial hunt was severely depleting the global population of the great whales. A number of whale species, including the blue whale (the earth's biggest animal) and the sperm whale, have been reduced until their continued existence is in doubt, some whale experts say. A lawsuit filed by conservation groups almost certainly played a role in Mr. Verity's decision, said Craig Van Note, executive director of Monitor, a consortium of conservation and animal welfare organizations. Also there has been considerable sentiment among members of Congress for taking action. Representative Don Bonker, Democrat from Washington, issued a statement that said in part, ''Our Government must send a clear and unmistakable message to the Government of Japan to stop this slaughter.'' In 1984 the United States agreed not to take legal steps against Japan even though it continued to take whales after a moratorium on sperm whales was in effect. In return Japan promised to end its whaling by 1988. In an earlier suit, conservationists tried to void that agreement, but it was upheld by the Supreme Court. THE DISPUTE OVER JAPANESE WHALING The U.S. accused Japan of violating an international pact. Japan says the hunt for 300 whales is part of a scientific expedition. TWO AMENDMENTS: RECOURSE FOR U.S. PELLY: Gives the President discretion to impose an embargo on imports of fisheries products from the offending countries. President Reagan has 60 days to tell Congress what action, if any, he will take against Japan. Previous violators: Japan, Soviet Union (1974); Chile, Peru, South Korea (1978); Soviet Union (1985), Norway (1986). Although countries have responded to the threat of sanctions, they have never been imposed. PACKWOOD-MAGNUSON: Calls for automatic reduction of at least 50 percent in amount of fish permitted to be taken from U.S. waters by a violating nation. Previous violator: Soviet Union (1985). | U.S. Declares Japan in Violation On Whaling and May Curb Trade |
119485_2 | as the less active. Severe exercise seems to reduce body levels of the highly active form of estrogen, according to analyses of body fluid by Rachel Snow, a graduate student under Dr. Frisch. She used the method of analysis developed by Dr. Jack Fishman of Rockefeller University, who also appeared at the Boston meeting. According to Dr. Fishman, it has been found that those with anorexia, an aversion to eating, develop an excess of the inactive form. Dr. Fishman said Ms. Snow's analysis found that the inactive type was also predominant in those with an irregular menstrual cycle. Dr. Tenley E. Albright, who once won an Olympic Gold Medal for figure skating and who, as a specialist in female disorders, took part in the research, said by phone that in view of recent findings, irregular menstrual cycles in athletes should be considered an ''appropriate response'' by the body that would vanish when a less active life was resumed. Dr. Frisch has been studying trends in menarche for more than a decade. She and others have found that a century ago in the United States, menarche typically came at 15 and a half years of age whereas the average now is three years earlier. She attributes this to better living conditions, including diet. For those who exercise hard, however, the average is still 15 and a half years, she said. ''I don't think there is anything great about menarche at 12 and a half,'' she added, and she recommended that girls engage in moderately vigorous sports, something less less strenuous than rowing. Link to Fatty Tissue Another key factor appears to be fatness. Dr. Frisch cited research showing that fatty tissue converts the male hormone androgen into the female one, estrogen. If a woman's fatty tissue is less than about 27 percent of her body weight, she is unlikely to reproduce, Dr. Frisch said. She will not become pregnant unless her body has sufficent fat to nourish a fetus. Dr. Frisch pointed to a survey showing that women of the bushmen tribe who live on an extremely spare diet in the Kalahari region of Africa, do not start menstruating until they are 15 or 16 and bear an average of only four children. Yet Hutterites, a sect in this country opposed to birth control, have an average of 11 offspring. Thus meager diet acts as a natural form of birth control. | New Studies Link Exercise to Delays In Menstruation - and Less Cancer |
119458_4 | epic poems, the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey,'' while Thomas Merton worked from an English and French version for his translation of ''The Way of Chuang-Tzu.'' ''Samuel Johnson said in his 'Lives of the Poets' that the only way to judge the value of an English translation,'' Mr. Mitchell noted, ''is to judge it first of all as an English poem.'' What also enhanced his own translation, Mr. Mitchell added, is that none of the other translators of ''Tao-te-ching'' had personal experience of the inner tradition of Lao-tze. ''The true descendants were the Zen masters,'' he added, ''and I underwent many years of intensive training with a Zen master in the U.S. I felt this experience allowed me a kind of insight into the mind of Lao-tze, rather than just the words of Lao-tze.'' How Auction Started The auction was conducted about six weeks ago by Michael Katz, a Berkeley literary agent and book packager, but was just made public. He and Mr. Mitchell had been introduced by a mutual friend in the Zen community, and when Mr. Mitchell said he was translating ''Tao-te-ching,'' they decided to see how well the best-known translations had sold. Eventually they decided that on the strength of Mr. Mitchell's unique background as well as the praise his previous translations received from Stephen Spender, Denis Donoghue and William Arrowsmith, they could position his translation as definitive, in much the way Princeton University Press has positioned as definitive its edition of ''I Ching,'' translated from the Chinese to German by Richard Wilhelm, and from German to English by Cary Baynes. That book, published in 1967, has sold some 600,000 copies in hard cover. Eight houses made initial bids, Mr. Katz said, including at least one house that already has a ''Tao-te-ching'' translation, and four houses remained in the auction after the bidding hit $100,000. Although the entire translation was completed in time for the auction, publishers were sent only 15 of the 81 brief chapters, as well as copies of the reviews praising Mr. Mitchell's previous translations. One of the first things Mr. Mitchell plans to do with the money from his advance, he said, is move to a workplace with heat. He also has ideas for other books, but not translations. ''I only translate things I'm almost magnetically drawn to,'' he said, ''and after Rilke, the Book of Job and this, I can't imagine any others.'' | Translation of Ancient Tao Text Brings $130,000 |
119500_2 | use in 1986. ''In the first year the employes had the use of 161 I.B.M. personal computers in 26 key locations,'' she said. ''We were surprised that 74 percent of our 22,000 salaried employes in six states went to the PC's to learn about their individual benefits.'' In the open enrollment period last July, she said, 50 percent of the employees used the computer program to indicate their choices, and 29 percent took no action, indicating they did not want to make changes. The remaining 21 percent re-enrolled manually by sending in cards. ''This year we are eliminating manual enrollment, which means a paperless and virtually errorless program,'' she said. Savings of more than $300,000 are projected for 1988 by avoiding the costs of paper, processing and the wages of 16 temporary employees hired during previous enrollment periods. In addition to money savings, Lance Tane, head of Wyatt's flexible and group benefits planning, said the program helped to emphasize the role of benefits. At many companies, they amount to 40 percent of a worker's compensation, he explained. ''Benefit Connection can be modified for 'what if' scenarios,'' he said. For example, the worker might want to know how much a savings plan would grow if the company grants a 5 percent raise each year for 10 years and if contributions continue at the same percentage of salary. Furthermore, the worker can get printouts with the touch of a computer terminal key. He pointed out reasons for evolution of the system: the information gap between worker and company, the no-longer paternalistic attitude of many companies, complex tax law changes, a heterogeneous work force and the increase of flexible benefits. In fact, instant access to an individual's company benefits ties in with the growing trend toward wider use of flexible benefits to meet the needs of the heterogeneous work force. Obviously, needs vary widely among unmarried young high school or college graduates, young and middle-aged married couples with or without children, single-parent households and older workers about to retire or determined to keep working. For example, workers with young children might need child-care benefits. Young unmarried people show less interest in pension plans than some others. Most companies, said Wyatt's Mr. Tane, have personal computers already tied into a mainframe computer where data can be stored permanently. The one-time cost to set up the program can range from $50,000 to $200,000, he said. | Careers; Employees, Benefits and Computers |
119434_1 | mold of the 19th century dies hard and can obscure reality. Some answers did emerge, however, in discussions with explorers and their observers and at a recent symposium, ''Changing Geographic Perspectives,'' convened in Washington by the National Geographic Society as part of its 100th anniversary. ''In the 1980's, except for deep oceans and outer space, traditional exploration is pretty well finished,'' said Gilbert M. Grosvenor, president of the society. Focus on Life on Earth Mr. Grosvenor had in mind not the end of exploration but its metamorphosis. People who in another time might have searched for new lands and cultures or new heights and depths are turning to the task of making the most of the known. Geographical research in the next century, Mr. Grosvenor said, will concentrate on the ''problem of monitoring and maintaining the quality of life on this planet.'' Insofar as there are new frontiers, nearly everyone agrees they are the magnificent ridges and basins of the ocean floor, which constitutes two-thirds of the globe, and the solar system, including Earth as observed whole from the perspective of space. Exploration of these realms could be the beginning, as Stephen J. Pyne, a historian at Arizona State University, has written, of a ''new great age of discovery.'' Edward O. Wilson, a Harvard University biologist, insists that life on earth ''is still very incompletely mapped'' and so is an opportunity not to be overlooked by explorers. No one knows how many species exist, from bacteria to insects to the larger creatures, but the number could be 3 million or as high as 30 million. Most are in tropical rain forests, in Southeast Asia, Africa, Central America or the Amazon and have yet to be identified, much less studied. The ocean floor, Dr. Wilson says, is the habitat of another million undescribed species. Each vent in the floor, where sea water is heated by the earth's interior magma, has recently been found to be ''an island-like oasis with its own distinctive fauna'' - giant tube worms, huge jellyfish and mussels and squat crabs. Oceanographers who go down to the bottom of the sea in research submarines, like Robert D. Ballard of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, thus also represent a new breed of explorer. Atomic and Genetic Frontiers Explorers today are likely to be scientists whose research takes them into exotic environments, rather than explorers who go to a strange | With So Much Known, Exploration Evolves |
119434_2 | has written, of a ''new great age of discovery.'' Edward O. Wilson, a Harvard University biologist, insists that life on earth ''is still very incompletely mapped'' and so is an opportunity not to be overlooked by explorers. No one knows how many species exist, from bacteria to insects to the larger creatures, but the number could be 3 million or as high as 30 million. Most are in tropical rain forests, in Southeast Asia, Africa, Central America or the Amazon and have yet to be identified, much less studied. The ocean floor, Dr. Wilson says, is the habitat of another million undescribed species. Each vent in the floor, where sea water is heated by the earth's interior magma, has recently been found to be ''an island-like oasis with its own distinctive fauna'' - giant tube worms, huge jellyfish and mussels and squat crabs. Oceanographers who go down to the bottom of the sea in research submarines, like Robert D. Ballard of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, thus also represent a new breed of explorer. Atomic and Genetic Frontiers Explorers today are likely to be scientists whose research takes them into exotic environments, rather than explorers who go to a strange place and, incidentally, find something of scientific value. Mount Everest, one of the pinnacles of adventure, still attracts people testing themselves and looking for some post-Hillary ''first.'' But an expedition this spring, more typical of current exploration, will climb the Himalayan slopes not because they are there but to place instruments for measuring movement of the Asian crust. In the same sense, some historians say, it is exploration when scientists venture into the microcosmic territory of the atom or the gene, which would make explorers of the more venturesome particle physicists and molecular biologists. Likewise, the astrophysicists who look back to the origin of the universe and paleontologists who dig up the human and prehuman past can be considered explorers of time. ''To be an explorer today,'' said Richard A. Mueller, a physicist at the University of California at Berkeley, ''is to be a scientist.'' The culture of exploration, too, has changed. With few exceptions, explorers now are not individuals setting out alone or in small groups to some remote destination. Exploration is more likely to be a collaborative, often international, undertaking. At the National Geographic symposium, George Kish, professor emeritus of geography at the University of Michigan, said the | With So Much Known, Exploration Evolves |
121752_1 | of monuments. Mr. Nicosia's shovels hit pay dirt just as the city was experiencing one of its periodic identity crises, and the piazza's fate is becoming a fixation. In the past, Florence's capacities for self-examination and dissent have contributed mightily to Western civilization. Although the stakes this time are not as weighty as when the Renaissance was born, the result may influence the fate of what Italy calls its Cities of Art. The Past Imperfect ''Florence is sick of being described in the past tense,'' said Mayor Massimo Bogianckino. ''The people here are proud their city is a museum, but they want a chance to live in the present and be part of Europe's future.'' Florentines worry about becoming so dependent on the money spent by the six million tourists who visit each year that their city will end up like Venice, with no other real economic base. And many get angry at the thought that tourism rather than culture has become the criterion by which their heritage is managed. Now the city is experimenting with a plan for eliminating cars from the historic center. It is analyzing proposals for a huge office and conference center to be built in an old industrial park. Florence University wants to put up a new science campus in the suburbs that would attract commercial research activities. But as it woos high-tech laboratories, Florence is borne back ceaselessly into its past. Many local scholars and some conservation groups have protested the development plans. Sir Harold Acton, the British historian and a longtime resident of Florence, said: ''I am against all this stuff. It is all absurd. Florence already has its fame and its identity as a city of art and it doesn't really need any more.'' No clear battle lines have emerged as different local interest groups, like the tourism operators, back some projects and oppose others. And there is wide agreement on some goals, such as preserving the city's historical identity, but great bickering on methods. ''The destiny of Florence,'' said Mayor Bogianckino, ''is to suffer long and violent internal contradictions. It was a more charming tradition when debates could last a decade at no cost but times have changed even if Florence hasn't.'' Immobilized with dissent over the piazza dig, proud, independent Florence has had to ask the national Government in Rome to decide the fate of a landmark so revered that | Florence Journal; The City's of Two Minds on Digging Up the Past |
121795_2 | newspaper report a year ago in which Mr. McAnespie complained of repeated checkpoint harassment, declaring that the police searched him and his car 10 times in 11 days. An Unannounced Pardon The anger of Irish nationalists at his crowded funeral near the border with the Irish Republic was compounded by the news from unofficial sources of the unannounced pardon a year ago of a British soldier convicted of homicide in a 1983 shooting of an unarmed civilian in West Belfast. It was that pardon that was confirmed in London today. Critics of the parole were particularly incensed in comparing the soldier's short prison time and restoration to army service with far graver penalties meted out to convicted Irish guerrillas in Northern Ireland. ''It proves there is no British justice in Ireland,'' declared Gerry Adams, president of Sinn Fein, the political arm of the outlawed Irish Republican Army, which is a prime target of the British-Irish agreement. The Irish Prime Minister, Charles J. Haughey, has complained about the administration of justice in Northern Ireland in recent weeks, pleading with the Thatcher Government for improvements so that the British-Irish agreement is not endangered. The pact aims to provide Dublin a consultative role in Northern Ireland affairs in an effort to convince the embattled nationalist minority that civil rights can be improved and I.R.A. violence avoided amid the Protestant majority, which is loyal to Britain. Investigation in Ireland In the growing friction, the Haughey Government made a point of ordering the Irish Republic's police to begin their own investigation into the shooting Sunday even though it was beyond their jurisdiction, a development that has angered some British officials. The British Home Office said several factors went into the parole decision, including the circumstances of the case, the age of the soldier at the time - he was 18 years old - the year he waited in jail for trial, and his good behavior in prison. The soldier, Pvt. Robert Thain, had asserted that the 22-year-old victim, Thomas Reilly, seemed to be reaching for a weapon in a jacket pocket during a street confrontation. But the court found that the soldier ''concocted'' his story and that the victim was unarmed, bare-chested and trying to flee the scene of a sidewalk disorder. ''It is unbelievable,'' said James Reilly, the victim's father, of the 1983 shooting. ''People talk about British justice, but where is it today?'' | PAROLE BY BRITISH STIRS IRISH FUROR |
121706_0 | LEAD: The latest news from the detergent industry's never-ending war on stains is that biotechnology has produced an enzyme that will split fatty acids. This means that those troublesome gravy spots that won't come out in the laundry (not to mention the lipstick stains on a collar that a teen-age heartthrob sang about a generation ago) may finally yield. The latest news from the detergent industry's never-ending war on stains is that biotechnology has produced an enzyme that will split fatty acids. This means that those troublesome gravy spots that won't come out in the laundry (not to mention the lipstick stains on a collar that a teen-age heartthrob sang about a generation ago) may finally yield. Novo Industri, the Danish enzyme maker, will begin marketing next week a detergent enzyme made with biotechnology techniques using the aspergillus bacterium, found in fungi. Novo officials said their product, named Lipolase and being manufactured at a plant in Japan, was the first fat-splitting detergent enzyme to be available at prices and quantities attractive to detergent manufacturers. The company says Lipolase will give detergent manufacturers ''new product opportunities.'' In the past, detergents have used a class of compounds called surfactants to get at grease stains. Enzymes are considered superior. Novo officials said the new enzyme would be particularly effective when the laundry was done with cold water. If Lipolase does all that its inventors hope, consumers can brace themselves for a new onslaught of television commercials in which greasy stains are the villains and laundry comes out brighter than ever before. BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY | A Bug to Help Out On Gravy Stains |
115987_2 | no blank check from Moscow. Officials and economists here who know their neighbor well believe the civil war has hurt Nicaragua's economy, but not nearly so much as the Sandinistas' own mismanagement and terrible policy. They point out that El Salvador is doing much better although its civil war has been far more destructive; it has got less aid from the U.S. than Nicaragua from the Soviet bloc and spends almost as much of its income on the military. The threat of isolation within the region is both a real pressure and an opportunity for Managua to present concessions as part of a common regional program, not bowing to U.S. demands. Just what the Russians have told President Daniel Ortega isn't clear. But despite what a defector and Defense Minister Humberto Ortega said, there is no sign they have made any promises for a huge military buildup. On the contrary, they seem to be leaning rather hard on Managua to seek a political solution. Of course, this isn't because the Russians don't want the Sandinistas to stay in power. But they don't want to pay an escalating price for it, either economically or politically, in their much wider effort to stabilize relations with Washington. It is significant that Moscow doesn't call Nicaragua a ''socialist country'' but only ''socialist-oriented.'' This is a Soviet way of saying Moscow isn't committed all out to keeping a Marxist-Leninist regime in power if it can't pull its own weight, in contrast to the policy toward members of the bloc. All this is working to contain Sandinista ambitions more than the contras do. It won't bring them to ''cry uncle,'' as President Reagan once said was his ambition. No victorious revolutionary chooses to abdicate. But it is forcing the contest into the political arena, the only one where there is a hope of solution. That is why the House vote is to be applauded as another chance for the difficult peace process. Rather than gnashing his teeth at a tactical, personal defeat, Mr. Reagan should see it as a call to move Administration policy away from a futile, bloody military dimension only and broaden it into a political and economic strategy that meets the real problem. He has walked away successfully from defeat before. He can again if he can exchange his obsession with the contras' guerrilla war for a policy of full support for the | One Step Forward |
116013_0 | LEAD: The National Institutes of Health have quietly initiated a study of cancer deaths among populations near nuclear power plants, according to a letter released today by Senator Edward M. Kennedy. The National Institutes of Health have quietly initiated a study of cancer deaths among populations near nuclear power plants, according to a letter released today by Senator Edward M. Kennedy. The letter, which was sent to the Massachusetts Democrat from Dr. James B. Wyngaarden, director of the institutes, said the studies were started as a result of ''leukemia clusters around the Pilgrim power plant in Massachusetts and several plants in the United Kingdom.'' The findings ''have led us to initiate a large-scale evaluation of cancer deaths occurring among persons living near the over 100 reactors operating in the United States,'' said Dr. Wyngaarden. Most experts in radiation have said that the level of radioactivity near nuclear power plants is too low to be a health hazard. Collaboration With Swedes Don Ralbovsky, a spokesman for the institutes, said the letter was sent on Jan. 28. He added that Dr. Wyngaarden was out of town and others who could comment on it were not reachable. In the letter, Dr. Wyngaarden also said the institutes were collaborating in a Swedish study of 40,000 patients who have received low doses of iodine-131 for medical diagnostic reasons. Iodine-131 is described as ''one of the major radioactive isotopes emitted during nuclear power plant operations and from nuclear weapons testing.'' ''We have also evaluated descriptive mortality data regarding possible cancer risks in the general population living downwind of the Nevada nuclear test site,'' the letter said. ''While many reported associations are unsupported by these data, a small increase in leukemia in southwest Utah cannot be ruled out at this time.'' A site in Nevada has been used for years for underground testing of nuclear weapons. The letter said the institutes have ''confirmed that leukemia was increased above expectation'' among military personnel who participated in at least one nuclear weapon test series. Dr. Wyngaarden said results of the studies are expected within a year. Three Mile Island Effects Dr. Wyngaarden also said the most serious health effect of the nuclear power plant accident at Three Mile Island, Pa., ''is mental stress to those living near the plant.'' He said the March 28, 1979, accident exposed the 36,000 people living within five miles of the plant to an | CANCER CLUSTERS PROMPT U.S. STUDY |
120574_10 | and technology, including the computer sciences, bring freedom from every form of slavery. On the contrary, the experience of recent years shows that unless all the considerable body of resources and potential at man's disposal is guided by a moral understanding and by an orientation toward the true good of the human race, it easily turns against man to oppress him. A disconcerting conclusion about the most recent period should serve to enlighten us: side-by-side with the miseries of underdevelopment, themselves unacceptable, we find ourselves up against a form of superdevelopment, equally inadmissible, because like the former it is contrary to what is good and to true happiness. This superdevelopment, which consists in an excessive availability of every kind of material goods for the benefit of certain social groups, easily makes people slaves of ''possession'' and of immediate gratification, with no other horizon than the multiplication or continual replacement of the things already owned with others still better. ... IN THE INTERNAL LEVEL of every nation, respect for all rights takes on great importance, especially the right to life at every stage of its existence, the rights of the family, as the basic social community, or ''cell of society''; justice in employment relationships; the rights inherent in the life of the political community as such; the rights based on the transcendent vocation of the human being, beginning with the right of freedom to profess and practice one's own religious belief. On the international level, that is, the level of relations between states or, in present-day usage, between the different ''worlds,'' there must be complete respect for the identity of each people, with its own historical and cultural characteristics. It is likewise essential, as the Encyclical Populorum Progressio already asked, to recognize each people's equal right ''to be seated at the table of the common banquet,'' instead of lying outside the door like Lazarus, while ''the dogs come and lick his sores'' (cf. Luke 16:21). ... A true concept of development cannot ignore the use of the elements of nature, the renewability of resources and the consequences of haphazard industrialization -three considerations which alert our consciences to the moral dimension of development. A THEOLOGICAL READING OF MODERN PROBLEMS IN A DOCUMENT of a pastoral nature such as this, an analysis limited exclusively to the economic and political causes of underdevelopment (and, mutatis mutandis, of so-called superdevelopment) would be incomplete. ... IT | Excerpts From Papal Encyclical on Social Concerns of Church |
120571_1 | news reports in The Times this week. Answers appear on page 50. Questions are based on news reports in The Times this week. Answers appear on page 50. 1. Some public libraries across the country are taking measures to outlaw this activity. What are the circumstances? 2. The State Department has hinted at a deal that the Justice Department opposes, and President Reagan may have to resolve the dispute. What is at issue? 3. David Puttnam, who was deposed as head of Columbia Pictures last fall, had a sweet triumph. What happened? 4. A New York State law, once used against prostitutes but in recent years used primarily to arrest the homeless, was struck down by the Court of Appeals. What statute was it and what was the basis of the court's decision? 5. A ''journey of return'' was delayed. What were the circumstances? 6. The Andy Warhol collection will not be auctioned at Sotheby's until April, but it has already established two auction records. What are they? 7. After the New Hampshire primary, two former governors had a similar response. What happened? 8. At a grainy rosewood table polished by her palms, Zhao Luorui, a retired professor at Beijing University, has been filling tissue-thin paper with tiny ideograms for the past 10 years. What project has she undertaken? 9. This bull is a rare breed of a common breed. Explain. 10. A vociferous campaign by Mayor Koch against a New York state bill drew attention for the first time to a system that has been in operation for more than a decade. What system is it and what happened? 11. An international controversy is over: The sun today is the same one that shone on Edumund Halley, the 18th-century astronomer. Explain. 12. Two incidents involving American vessels, one in the Black Sea, the other in the Persian Gulf, were potentially volatile. What happened in each case? 13. A British polling operation came up with surprising results in its survey of the Presidential preferences of New Hampshire voters. What did they find? 14. President Reagan sent Congress a budget that is fundamentally different from his seven previous budgets. What is the difference? 15. Chancellor Franz Vranitszky of Austria retreated from a veiled threat after it appeared to have had little impact. What was the threat? 16. The Mets gained a victory this week over Dwight Gooden, their star pitcher. Explain. | SATURDAY NEWS QUIZ |
120096_1 | health insurers to test for the AIDS virus. But several states, including New York, have taken action to prohibit such tests. At least nine states have adopted rules or policies forbidding insurers to use sexual orientation as a factor in writing insurance. Benjamin H. Schatz, a lawyer with National Gay Rights Advocates in San Francisco, said using sexual orientation was not justified by actuarial calculations and was therefore forbidden by insurance laws in most states. The antibody tests and other AIDS-related screening measures are some of the steps insurers are taking to reduce their liability for the costs of AIDS, the study said. Medical experts have estimated that by 1991 it will cost at least $8.5 billion to provide medical care for people with AIDS. The 60-page report, ''AIDS and Health Insurance,'' focused entirely on individual and family policies rather than group policies. Although the report said it was unclear ''how insurers ascertain an applicant's sexual preference,'' the companies evidently tried to identify homosexual applicants in the belief that they had a higher risk of developing AIDS. The Government has recorded more than 52,000 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Homosexual and bisexual men account for more than 70 percent of the total, but the spread of the disease among homosexual men has slowed considerably in the last year, in part because of education programs. High Odds for Those Infected Benno G. Isaacs, a spokesman for the Health Insurance Association of America, which represents 360 insurance companies, said he was surprised to learn that insurers were considering the sexual orientation of applicants. The health insurance industry ''does not condone the use of sexual orientation to identify AIDS risks,'' he said. The industry insists on the right to test applicants for infection with the AIDS virus. ''If somebody is homosexual but tests negative, he should not suffer for that reason,'' Mr. Isaacs said. ''But we want to reserve the right not to sell insurance to anyone found to be infected with the virus because the odds are so high that they will become ill.'' Kevin T. Berrill, a spokesman for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, said the insurance industry's expressions of surprise about the new report were ''disingenuous at best.'' He asserted that ''there have been numerous documented cases of anti-gay discrimination by insurance companies around the country.'' Using 'Indirect Approaches' The study focused on people who buy individual | Study Finds Most Health Insurers Screen Applicants for AIDS Virus |
118220_1 | to halt the decay by zealously publicizing the idea that Badolato wanted to sell itself to someone who would convert it into a tourist village and create jobs for all. Creating the Facts ''Badolato is a classic case of how the media can create facts,'' Mr. Lanciano said. Italian television news has shown more than 30 reports about Badolato, according Mr. Lanciano's logs, and his collection of press clipings in at least five languages is thicker than a Manhattan phone book. No mere publicity stunt, Mr. Lanciano's campaign was a novel form of political consciousness raising. In a region where feudalism survived into the 20th century, Mr. Lanciano went outside the established channels for getting things done. Finding a rich patron to rescue the old buildings would have been grand, but Mr. Lanciano said he had other goals. ''Here, the family, the clan is everything,'' he said. ''No one sees beyond. It is a form of societal solipsism that is killing this place, and before Badolato dies I wanted to force people to think about what was happening to their heritage.'' A short, bearded man of 37 years, Mr. Lanciano seems sincere, and that impression is reinforced because he is belatedly frank in acknowledging that his tactics were disingenuous. 'Everyone Is Agreed' Having once done occasional newspaper work, Mr. Lanciano used his contacts to sell an article to the Rome daily Il Tempo. The article, published in October 1986, began: ''Badolato, one of the most characteristic medieval villages in the whole Mediterranean area, is up for sale.'' It went on to describe a plan to transform the town into a cultural center and tourist village, and concluded, ''Everyone is agreed, administrators and citizens, that this is the only solution.'' Mr. Lanciano smiles a bit shyly when he concedes that he really had not discussed his idea with many in people in town. ''Even if they were not in agreement when that story appeared,'' he said, ''many people thought it was a great idea later when all the other papers did stories and all the TV crews came here.'' Two months after Mr. Lanciano's article appeared, a town assembly accepted the idea of selling some vacant houses as a block, but not the whole town. Some residents protested that making Badolato a tourist village was an ignoble proposition, and within a week regional authorities objected to even a limited sell-off. The | Badolato Journal; He Tried to Sell the Town In More Ways Than One |
122685_0 | LEAD: The Reagan Administration, estimating that American business is losing more than $60 billion a year from the piracy of patents and intellectual property, said today that it was pressing for an international mechanism to suppress the practice with economic deterrents. The Reagan Administration, estimating that American business is losing more than $60 billion a year from the piracy of patents and intellectual property, said today that it was pressing for an international mechanism to suppress the practice with economic deterrents. One proposal it expects to make next week in Geneva, when the issue comes up in connection with a new trade round, is for an international ban on imports of counterfeit Levi jeans, illegal video cassettes, pirated computer software and other such products. The idea is to deter the trade by depriving the sellers of the economic benefits, according to an American position paper describing the plan. But many governments, especially those in Asia whose companies are the principal perpetrators, contend that the practice is not all bad. For one thing, they say, it cuts costs for consumers. Pirated pharmaceuticals, for instance, mean lower medical expenses, a potent political point in many countries. Such arguments have put obstacles in the way of American efforts to obtain international sanctions against infringers. Accord at Uruguay Talks Eighteen months ago at Punte del Este, Uruguay, the Reagan Administration won agreement from other major trading nations to address the issue in the new Uruguay Round of trade liberalization. The Administration's strategy was disclosed today at an executive office news briefing at which a Government study showed what a burden the practice was becoming for American business. The report by the International Trade Commission, a fact-finding agency, also named the principal perpetrators. According to responses from 193 American companies, the study, which has just been declassified, found that most losses resulted from activities in Taiwan. Some 49 American companies reported losses of $752 million because of piracy in Taiwan in 1986. Hardest hit were American computer, publishing and electronics companies. But Taiwan, which American officials credit with significant efforts to strengthen enforcement, was expected by most companies to show the most improvement, the commission said. The second-largest losses - $533 million - were reported as a result of activities in Mexico, followed by South Korea, Brazil, China, Canada, India and Japan. The report found that the 193 American companies had worldwide losses of $23.8 | U.S. to Offer Proposals to Fight Piracy |
122650_4 | noted that life on the steep hills is never far from disaster. They pointed to containment walls that had long been cracked and boulders barely poised above the neighborhood of Tijuca. ''More than 200,000 people presently live in high-risk areas,'' Mr. Anastassakis said. Another aspect of the problem, he continued, is the tons of garbage permanently scattered on the hillsides. ''If only inhabitants would bring it down,'' he said. ''City trucks cannot get up there and some of it is solved with donkeys. But the garbage and mud formed clusters that blocked the water and knocked down shacks.'' Experts have also called for urgent reforestation of slums around the city. As the slum dwellers have built shacks higher up the mountain and cut more trees, the soil has become more fragile, causing the rain to tear down land and mud. Although Rio has known fatal rainstorms for years, last week's disaster flooded areas that had not been so adversely affected before, including well-off residential neighborhoods. 'Forest Acted as a Sponge' ''The forest acted as a sponge. It absorbed the water, then released it slowly,'' said Pedro Paulo Lombo, a forestry engineer. But reforestation, some pessimists say, is a losing battle, for slum dwellers cut down growing trees for lumber while their goats chew up young plants. Some angry voices in city hall and in the state government contend that the federal Government, rather than the slum dwellers, is to blame for the deteriorating environment. Officials said that for more than a decade the state and the city have been too poor to invest in housing and vital sewage and drainage construction. A study last year said Rio de Janeiro state needed $800 million for essential improvements, let alone expansion of its public works. ''More than 90 percent of the state budget goes into salaries,'' said Andrea Bracha, an adviser to the Finance Secretary, ''so either we borrow or we depend on Brasilia.'' Yet much Government aid is dispensed to meet political needs, and both the present and past state governors have accused Brasilia of withholding funds from Rio as they have opposed the ruling political group. Brasilia, in turn, has accused Rio of mismanagement and argues that the needs of other states are greater than that of Brazil's most famous resort. This week President Jose Sarney visiting the damaged zone here, and the federal Government pledged $500,000 for emergency work. | Rio Journal; A City Awash in Beauty and Deluged With Peril |
122681_1 | drug official said the operation apparently had official cooperation in Cuba. ''This does not make a statement that the Cuban Government has an official policy of assisting drug traffickers,'' said the Federal official, Jack Hook, a spokesman for the Drug Enforcement Administration. ''What it does say is that when a drug-trafficking private light aircraft lands on a military base in Cuba and the cocaine is offloaded and placed onto boats destined for the U.S., it is quite clear that somebody on that base in an official capacity is involved.'' The indictments, returned by a grand jury here, make no mention of official Cuban involvement, said Ana Barnett, a spokeswoman for the United States Attorney's office here. #3,800 Pound of Cocaine One indictment charges five people with being part of the smuggling ring and the other charges 12. Mr. Hook said nine of those charged had been arrested. The indictments described four loads of cocaine totaling 3,800 pounds. Two came through Cuba in April and May, one through Haiti in October and one through the Bahamas. The date of the Bahamas shipment was not available. ''This does not indict or name or allegedly name any Cuban officials,'' Mr. Hook said. ''But it is significant in proving that Cuba is most definitely being used as a trans-shipment point for Colombian cocaine destined for the United States.'' Mr. Hook said he had no information on how far that involvement went in the Cuban Government. One of those arrested told an informant that he could arrange Cuban Coast Guard escorts for drug boats leaving Cuban waters for Florida, Mr. Hook said. The Cuban leader Fidel Castro, in an interview with NBC-TV that was broadcast Thursday, denied any knowledge of drug smuggling in Cuba. Mr. Hook said the indictment showed that Cuba, even with its strict security, was as susceptible to drug trafficking as other Caribbean nations. The indictments represented at least the third time in the last six months that Federal grand juries in Miami have cited Cuban involvement in cocaine trafficking. In October, the police broke up a ring that reportedly smuggled drugs into the United States through Cuba and other Caribbean islands. Federal officials said at that time that there was no evidence of Cuban Government involvement. Earlier this month, an indictment here of Panama's principal leader, Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega, said that Mr. Castro was aware of Mr. Noriega's drug activities. | Drug Smugglers Used Cuban Base For U.S. Shipment, Jury Charges |
115845_0 | LEAD: *3*** COMPANY REPORTS ** *3*BELL, W & CO (OTC) Qtr to Dec 26 1987 1986 Sales 48,906,000 53,305,000 Net inc b3,808,000 c1,577,000 Share earns 1.25 - 6mo sales 69,067,000 76,676,000 Net inc b3,381,000 c2,158,000 Share earns 1.11 - *3*** COMPANY REPORTS ** *3*BELL, W & CO (OTC) Qtr to Dec 26 1987 1986 Sales 48,906,000 53,305,000 Net inc b3,808,000 c1,577,000 Share earns 1.25 - 6mo sales 69,067,000 76,676,000 Net inc b3,381,000 c2,158,000 Share earns 1.11 - b-Includes an extraordinary credit of $1,318,000 for both the quarter and 6 months. c-Net loss Results in the year-ago quarter and 6 months included an after-tax provision of $2,850,000 for store closings. | BELL, W & CO reports earnings for Qtr to Dec 26 |
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