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124514_0 | LEAD: Even while the Church of England remains deeply torn over whether to ordain women as priests, its sister Episcopal Church in the United States is moving toward the consecration of women priests as bishops. Even while the Church of England remains deeply torn over whether to ordain women as priests, its sister Episcopal Church in the United States is moving toward the consecration of women priests as bishops. Last week the Episcopal national Office of the Presiding Bishop in Manhattan began issuing a report to bishops explaining the American church's readiness to consecrate any women chosen as a bishop by local dioceses. The Episcopal bishops in the United States endorsed the report by a vote of 113 to 17 in October. A minority report, also being mailed, warns that consecrating women as bishops will imperil the unity not only of the American church but also of the Anglican Communion, the international family of 28 autonomous churches with roots in the Church of England. The reports are being sent to the leading bishops of all those churches and eventually will be sent to all the bishops who will be attending the Lambeth Conference in July at Canterbury, England, the international meeting of Anglican bishops held once a decade. Discussion but Not Decision The conferees will discuss women as bishops, but make no decision. Virtually everyone involved in the matter concedes that the power to decide must remain with the national churches. Nonetheless, the possibility that a national church might consecrate a woman as a bishop who would attend the Lambeth talks has worried Anglican leaders. Some bishops - those in Scotland, for example - have indicated that they could not attend if attendance implied recognition of women as bishops. In the Church of England a majority of bishops favor ordaining women as priests, but their position has met substantial opposition from the Anglican clergy and laity. The Bishop of London, Dr. Graham Leonard, has suggested he might lead a permanent division in the church if women were ordained. Bishop Leonard was also one of 54 bishops of the Anglican Communion who issued a manifesto Feb. 17 in preparation for the Lambeth meeting. The ordination of women as priests, it said, had already severely strained ''mutual toleration and respect among the churches of the Anglican Communion.'' Complexity of Choice Choosing an Episcopal bishop involves nominating several candidates by a local search | Episcopal Women Seek Bishop Posts |
128345_1 | in the same inflexible direction. Representative Richard Gephardt's amendment to the House version of the bill has generated much public passion, pro and con, and only partly because its sponsor is a Presidential contender. It appeals to a gut instinct that America loses jobs because other countries don't play fair. The amendment aims especially at Japan, South Korea and a few others that maintain allegedly unfair import restrictions and export subsidies while piling up huge trade surpluses with the United States. It orders the President to even the score: unless offending trade partners quickly open up to imports or reduce their exports, Washington would sharply reduce their access to the American market. The Senate rejected the Gephardt approach in the bill it adopted last year, but took broader aim at all foreign practices deemed ''unfair.'' Neither version of the bill recognizes that America stands accused of unfair practices, too, with its import limits on steel, machine tools, sugar, peanuts, dairy products, textiles, clothing and more. But the fundamental flaw of both versions is that they would simply confront other governments with Washington's assertion that their trade practices are unfair, with the threat of American punishment if they continue. Neither bill allows the President the essential flexibility to compromise, or even back off when he thinks it in the national interest to do so: if, for example, he decides a curb on copper imports would hurt America's wire industry more than help copper miners. Moreover, both bills would have Washington haggling one-on-one with various trading partners just as global negotiations are under way to reduce all sorts of trade barriers multilaterally. No one argues that America should stand by as Japan, for example, gobbles up the U.S. car market while refusing to buy our rice. If Japan protects rice farmers unfairly, which it does, U.S. law and international agreements already provide for negotiation on this or any other unfair obstruction, and penalties if warranted. The Reagan Administration has turned up the heat on such cases, with some success. The House and Senate bills reflect pressure on Congress by industries still unsatisfied. Given the political imperatives, it is certain that the final bill will expand measures against unfair practices. That can best be done with instructions to the President that give him sufficient leeway to strike deals. Inflexible mandates would surely invite retaliation in kind - and dangerously undermine world trade expansion. | Remove the Trade-Bill Shackles |
130342_1 | include the very old Basil Sharp (Sebastian Shaw), a famous art historian with a fondness for contemporary Greek lads; Yanni (Paris Tselios), a contemporary Greek lad out to make his fortune from tourism; his mother, Penelope (Irene Papas), who hates tourists, and a clumsy British agent (Kenneth Branagh) sent to the island to deal with a spy. The movie, which opens today at the D. W. Griffith theater, is the first to be directed by Clare Peploe, who has worked in various capacities with some most impressive European directors. Among other things, she contributed to the screenplay of Michelangelo Antonioni's ''Zabriskie Point.'' The screenplay for ''High Season'' is by Miss Peploe and her brother, Mark, who wrote Mr. Antonioni's ''Passenger'' and Bernardo Bertolucci's ''Last Emperor.'' By European standards, their credentials are impeccable. What they lack are senses of humor, spontaneity, fun and narrative, as well as (from the evidence here) any serious commitment to the matters they care about. The Peploes clearly take a dim view of the sort of voracious tourism that is laying waste much of the world, including Rhodes - understanding, too, the sad fact that tourism may be the only way the locals can make their livings. Yet the movie functions as a sort of extension of tourism at its worst. For all their feeling for landscapes and tradition, Katherine and the other people in the film are so dopey they don't seem any better than the obviously gauche tourists the movie means to send up. The Peploes also make rather frivolous use of the story of a real-life English spy, Anthony Blunt. The scenery is terrific. and, perhaps in the interests of authenticity, nearly everyone in the movie looks oversunned and dissipated. The exceptions are Miss Papas and Mr. Shaw, who gives the film's single performance of substance and intellect. Grecian Snapshots HIGH SEASON, directed by Clare Peploe; written by Miss Peploe and Mark Peploe; director of photography, Chris Menges; edited by Gabriella Cristianti; music by Jason Osborn; production designer, Andrew McAlpine; produced by Clare Downs. Released by Hemdale Releasing Corporation. At D. W. Griffith, 235 East 59th Street. Running time: 104 minutes. This film is rated R. Katherine ... Jacqueline Bisset Patrick ... James Fox Penelope ... Irene Papas Yanni ... Paris Tselios Basil Sharp ... Sebastian Shaw Rick ... Kenneth Branagh Carol ... Lesley Manville Chloe ... Ruby Baker Konstantinis ... Robert Stephens | Review/Film; A Comedy On Island Of Rhodes |
128765_2 | bags of $4 million each and 2 bags of $3 million, was loaded onto Varig Flight 861 at Kennedy International Airport on Feb. 4 and was checked with the airline as the personal luggage of a Brink's courier, identified by the company as Robert Denisco. At Rio de Janeiro's Galeao International Airport, Mr. Denisco reportedly watched as the courier-style bags were transferred by armored car to Varig's Flight 910, which was carrying connecting passengers and cargo to Buenos Aires. But when the shipment was picked up at the Buenos Aires airport by the Argentine military, only 11 of the bags could be found. The New York City police, the Brazilian police and Brink's security agents began an intensive search for the missing money but turned up no leads until the thieves used some of the new, consecutively numbered $100 bills in the bags to buy drugs, Mr. Moss said. Brazilian drug enforcement agents who were investigating the drug dealers involved then discovered the rest of the cash by tracing the money back to the buyers, he said. Brazilian police officers arrested four people and are seeking four others in the case, Mr. Moss said. $29,800 Missing No further description of the thieves or of their employment at the airport was available, and a person who answered the phone at Varig Airlines in New York said yesterday evening that no one was available to comment on the case. All but $29,800 of the money was recovered, Mr. Moss said, and would be returned to New York. A spokesman for the New York Federal Reserve Bank, Richard H. Hoenig, refused to comment on the recovery of the money, citing the bank's policy of privacy regarding its customer accounts. But Mr. Moss said the lost money had already been repaid to the Federal bank by the security company's insurer, Lloyd's insurance brokers of London, and that the insurer would receive the cash that was recovered. Mr. Moss said the decision to place the $50 million Federal Reserve shipment as personal luggage on a standard passenger flight was not unusual for Brink's, which transfers $5 billion, according to estimates, in cash and valuables each day. But, citing security concerns, he refused to give any further details on the shipping procedures used by the company or to say if any changes had been made in the company's policies as a result of the recent loss. | Lost $8 Million Recovered After Arrest of 4 in Brazil |
127180_4 | cities, were once stones carried from central China by conscripted laborers to fill up the South China Sea. The laborers got only as far as Guilin, and the ''stones'' have remained here ever since, making Guilin the epitome of Chinese landscape when in reality it is a landscape unique to Guilin. Guilin's importance as a commercial and cultural center began in 214 B.C., when the first Qin emperor built the nearby Lin Canal - one of the longest canals in the world and used today as an irrigation aqueduct - to connect the Yangtze and the Pearl Rivers, thereby establishing a north-south route for military transport and trade. From the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644) to the 1950's, Guilin served as the capital of Guangxi Province, which, in southwestern China, was far from Beijing's administrative authority and cultural influence. Headquarters of an American Air Force unit in World War II, Guilin was described by Theodore White, then a foreign correspondent, as ''the most lovable and abandoned city in the Orient. For intellectual Americans there was always good conversation; for Americans of a more earthly sort there were women.'' For a group of Chinese liberals who took advantage of the province's reputation as a traditional thorn in authority's side, Guilin was a shelter from which to irritate Chiang Kai-shek's central government. For most of its history, Guangxi has been known for four things: its extreme poverty, its aversion to authority, the quality of its fighting men, and as a way station for opium shipments passing from India to neighboring Guangdong Province. Given the rebellious nature of Guangxi, it is not surprising that the Taiping Rebellion, which hastened the downfall of the decadent Qing Dynasty, began here, nor that the Northern Expedition, which my grandfather helped lead, had its starting point in the then capital of Guilin. Even after the success of the Northern Expedition, which ostensibly stamped out warlordism and unified the nation, Guangxi, dissatisfied with the policies of Chiang's Kuomintang government, threatened more than once to secede. Even today the independent-minded province, a great many of whose inhabitants are members of several ethnic minorities, the largest of which is the Zhuang, is officially known as the Guangxi-Zhuang Autonomous Region. IF Guilin's shan-shui as seen from its mountaintops seems straight out of a landscape painting, by riverboat it is a slowly unfurling horizontal scroll. The Li River cruise should not be missed, | China's Waters And Mountains Of Eternity |
127156_0 | LEAD: ''ARE you the station that gives twice as much weather? ''ARE you the station that gives twice as much weather? Well turn it off, I'm drowning.'' Some fellow said that back in the late 60's. I read it in a book by Marshall McLuhan. Remember the catchy saying, ''The medium is the message,'' which had an impressive sound but was absolutely baffling? I'm beginning to think I understand it a little better, but it took 20 years. Two facets of this medium dilemma have become apparent to me. The first is information overload, and the second is information that can be fed back instantaneously. With both, the content of the message (the news) tends to fade as the medium, or the manner in which it is relayed, begins to highlight itself. Take this election year, for example. Computers can calculate election returns, and television networks can project winners before people in California have had a chance to vote. Television viewers say they don't like this. I'm one of them. All of a sudden we've been robbed. People are no longer making the news; anchormen are. Recently, a survey conducted by TV Guide magazine showed that viewers distrust the networks because they feel that the campaign coverage is politically biased. More and more the content of the message concerns the impact of the medium on newsworthy issues, as opposed to the issues themselves. I find it amusing. In a second-hand sort of way, the cover story of a magazine whose life depends on TV is reporting to us its feedback - from us, concerning our opinion of broadcast mannerisms. Who would ever have thought that we would begin to focus as much conscious energy on how the message is riding through the medium as the message itself. Indeed, electronic technology can be said to simulate consciousness in the form of people meters. Those little boxes that record what we are watching are already deciding what we will be watching. Pretty soon we won't need to react to our actions anymore; we'll just be reacting to our reactions. As to the second facet of the media miasma, I agree with the fellow listening to all that weather. Turn it off. I'm drowning. Ever since President Kennedy died, news broadcasters and newspaper reporters have fallen in love with disseminating catastrophic news, even dull everyday news, 14 ways, 14 times a day. How | When The Message Becomes Meaningless |
126986_2 | defeat these people far better by putting them on trial.'' The basic issue is much larger than the Gibraltar incident. It is the Irish community's age-old complaint that it cannot obtain even-handed justice from the British authorities who control Northern Ireland, especially as the authorities are baited by the I.R.A. The Thatcher Government's attempt to demonstrate that justice is possible is embodied in the increasingly fragile Anglo-Irish agreement of 1985, in which the Dublin Government has a consultative role in the affairs of Northern Ireland. This is supposed to reassure the northern Catholic minority that civil rights can be protected and I.R.A. violence spurned. The Stalker Affair But the Gibraltar shootings have only compounded the recent controversy stirred by a former English police official, John Stalker, who was sent to Northern Ireland in 1984 to show Britain's fairness in investigating alleged abuses there by the police of the Royal Ulster Constabulary. Last month, he reported evidence of ''police murder'' of unarmed nationalists suspected of rebel activities. When the Thatcher Government conceded obstruction of justice by the police but cited ''national interest'' in declining to prosecute them, the consultation agreement suffered its severest setback. Irish skepticism grew with the disclosure that the only British security soldier ever sentenced to life in prison for the shooting of an unarmed Irish nationalist had been quietly paroled after two years and reinstated in the army. The Dublin Government of Prime Minister Charles J. Haughey, seeming embarrassed now in its middleman's role under the Anglo-Irish agreement, warned that London was showing the conqueror's historic contempt for the conquered. British officials insist few prime ministers have tried harder than Mrs. Thatcher to maintain a consistent Irish policy while suffering I.R.A. provocations. They predict the Anglo-Irish agreement will survive its periodic review next November, while Mrs. Thatcher reserves her right to express the heartfelt praise she offered for the undercover agents who stopped another blast of I.R.A. carnage. One high Downing Street official was vociferously indignant that critics dared to equate the methods of anti-terrorist agents in Gibraltar with the sinister plans of their quarry. No 'Rambo License' But critics insist this is exactly the issue of the agreement, that a higher standard has to prevail for civilized society or else Britain is playing the I.R.A. game. ''I will not accept that there is a Rambo license to kill anyone,'' said David Owen, the Social Democratic Party | British-Irish Violence Is 'Appallingly Normal' |
127191_2 | the entrance to the runway. When our flight was announced, we walked briskly toward the plane and arrived as Nos. 4, 5 and 6 at the foot of the stairs. ''Tickets, please,'' said the flight attendant. No. 1 tried to explain that the tickets were taken at the check-in counter. Nos. 2 and 3 showed tickets and walked up the stairs. (How did they get tickets? I wondered.) It was then our turn. I was afraid I was going to get into an argument, but just then the captain walked up and heard the commotion. I seized the opportunity and yelled, ''Captain, they took our tickets at the check-in counter. I have seats 15A, B and C, and I am about to board this plane, come what may.'' The captain turned to the attendant and said, ''Let these people on.'' He then walked up the stairs. Guess what? The attendant turned to me and said, ''You cannot get on board without a ticket.'' ''Oh, no?'' I said. ''Watch me!'' I started up the stairs, my family followed and so did another 150 passengers. We boarded the plane and all of us took the same seats we had on the initial flight. (Some people came on board with their tax receipts in their shirt pockets and told us that they had been given the receipts when they asked to have them back.) Obviously, all of us should have asked for them, but there was no way to know that at the time. Something should be done to eliminate such airport insanity. NICHOLAS CARLUCCI Yonkers Tim Kumasaki, director of ground services for Trans International Airlines, replies: Mr. Carlucci, who was on our first round trip to Montego Bay, should have been given back the third part of his ticket, called the passenger coupon, when he presented the ticket for his return flight. On the back of that coupon, which serves as a boarding pass as well as a receipt, are seat numbers. The coupon should be retained even after the plane is boarded, for it might be needed if the passenger has a claim for lost luggage. I've reviewed our procedures with All Jamaican Air Service to make sure that only the flight coupon is retained and that passengers are given back their passenger coupons. I am happy to say that no problems with aircraft boarding have been reported on subsequent flights. | Jamaica |
127048_1 | computer programmers, but none of them are moving up to supervisory jobs. This is the just the beginning, but in 10 years, maybe we'll see more deaf people moving up.'' Educational Leadership Mr. Stout said he and others who share his handicap want to see more deaf people leading education programs for the deaf. Mr. Stout said that, long before Gallaudet's newly appointed president, Elisabeth Ann Zinser, resigned Friday in the midst of a student protest, the Gallaudet alumni had been unhappy about the underrepresentation of deaf people in the school's leadership. Dr. Zinser, who will return to her former post as vice president for academic affairs at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, is not deaf and does not know sign language. Mr. Stout, who received both a bachelor's degree and a master's in business administration at Gallaudet, said that, like blacks, deaf people have been looked down on and discriminated against in schools, restaurants, movies and other public institutions. ''Gallaudet is just a few blocks from the scene of the civil rights protest and riots of 1968,'' said a Gallaudet staff member, who asked not to be identified. ''In some real way, this is an extension of that movement. It's 20 years late, but things always come late to the deaf community.'' Cut Off From Others About 21.2 million Americans have impaired hearing, ranging from a hearing loss to deafness. Most of those people, including the roughly 8 million with significant hearing loss in both ears, are elderly. Less than a million are deaf. Because deafness - even more than blindness or handicaps that restrict physical mobility - makes it hard to communicate, the deaf have traditionally had the hardest time making their way into the mainstream of society, in the opinion of several people associated with Gallaudet. Indeed, they note that Helen Keller, who was both deaf and blind, maintained that deafness was the greater of her two handicaps, because it cut her off from other people. And those who work with handicapped children note that, while blind children without other handicaps can usually join mainstream classes successfuly, deaf children have a much harder time. ''Oftentimes, the general population equates a hearing impairment with a lack of intelligence, and looks upon people who are deaf as having subnormal intelligence,'' said Paul Medlin, senior vice president of the National Foundation for the Handicapped in Chicago. ''Many deaf | For Deaf, Gallaudet Was Just a Start |
127079_0 | LEAD: INTERNATIONAL/3-21 INTERNATIONAL/3-21 Palestinians in the Israeli police resigned from their jobs in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. Almost 500 had already resigned amid predictions that the entire 1,000-man Palestinian force would give up their jobs by today. Page 1 The Israeli Defense Force struggles not only to suppress Palestinian protests but faces problems with its own morale, the integrity of its command structure and its battlefield reputation. 1 Palestinian-Americans are pressing for a Palestinian homeland as protests in the occupied territories revive hopes for one. In southeast Michigan, home of one of the largest communities of Palestinian-Americans, they meet to discuss the rioting. 12 Critic of Israel stirs furor in Canada 13 China's pledge to restrain arms sales to Iran is being watched by U.S. intelligence agencies. The promise to end shipments of Silkworm anti-ship missiles may not mean an end to shipments of other major weapons systems. 11 Marxist rebels in El Salvador are planning a major political and military offensive in the next 10 months, according to documents reported to have been captured recently from the guerrillas. 3 The Pentagon set up secret units in the early 1980's that carried out operations that in some cases were not reported to Congress or appropriate military and intelligence officials, according to a forthcoming book. 16 South Africa banned a new group opposed to apartheid and led by the Anglican Archbishop, Desmond A. Tutu. Authorities also banned the group's first meeting, which several thousand people were expected to attend. 5 With one election over, Bangladesh looks to the next. 3 Pakistani to confer on aiding Afghan talks 4 U.S. aide and South African to meet on Angola 6 Dangerous Paris-Dakar race is in danger 8 Report finds Ecuador rights abuses rose sharply 17 NATIONAL/22-31, 42-44 Costs for nursing-home care will probably increase for hundreds of thousands of low-income people. A new rule issued by the Reagan Administration would allow states to shift more of the cost to the patients. 1 A local dispute among doctors, now before the Supreme Court, may become a landmark in the national debate about how physicians police themselves. An Oregon doctor sued his colleagues after they criticized his competence. 1 A civil rights movement for the deaf is represented by protests at Gallaudet University, the nation's only college for the deaf, many observers say. The new movement is deliberately patterened on protests by | NEWS SUMMARY |
126866_1 | rain forest in the Uganda made dangerous by Idi Amin in order to observe chimpanzees, without luring them with food or constraining them with wire. He wanted to see how social groups interacted with one another, with their food supply, with other species and with homo sapiens, their nemesis. His living conditions were atrocious, his financial support negligible, the return of facts often dauntingly small for long and difficult hours of peering through thick foliage for a useful sight of his scientific trophy. The result is a heartfelt document for the general reader that ''brings it back alive'' - the scope, the details, the dramatis personae, chimp and human. The book is quite interesting merely as a travel story, personal odyssey, and an insight into the scientific methods of biologists who are convinced it is necessary to know animals in the wild, their own wild, before presuming to subject them to experimental studies in labs or enclosures. (Does the prison tell us an accurate story about the world that created it?) But the story of the chimps - now that is something. It is luxurious, and very large, and suddenly very precious, because these animals are beleaguered by superior forces ranging from poachers to starved and land-hungry Ugandans to well-meaning development bankers destroying trees the chimps need. What do we learn about the chimps? And do we learn anything about ourselves? For some time after the pioneering studies of Jane Goodall and others, it was thought that chimps were generally peaceful, playful, sophisticated and easygoing. At least they seem so by comparison with the gruff, ground-living baboons whose behavior was also dramatic and relatively easy to study because you could see them. Then, from Ms. Goodall's own work, and in particular from her associate Richard Wrangham, it became evident that chimpanzee males engaged in active killing of other chimps and other primates. But why did they do it? Were the chimps just mean? Were there resources or advantages the killer apes secured by destroying their own kind and others too? This Mr. Ghiglieri set out to discover. Broadly, he found a pattern of cooperative male territorial protection that could lead to struggles at territorial boundaries and to death. In another remarkable nearby project of more than 10 years' standing, the primatologist Toshisada Nishida found that all six adult males of a small community of 22 members were killed by the | Love and Murder Among the Chimps |
126867_10 | understand. To Fear Nothingness, But Fear the Dentist More Today, in today's raw times, there is no thought or art which does not shout to you in a loud voice: don't escape, don't play, don't poke fun at yourself, don't run away! Fine. I, too, in spite of everything, would also prefer not to lie to my own being. I, therefore, tried this authentic life, full of loyalty to existence in myself. But what do you want? It can't be done. It can't be done because that authenticity turned out to be falser than all my previous deceptions, games and leaps taken together. I, with my artistic temperament, don't understand much theory, but I do have a nose when it comes to style. When I applied maximum consciousness to life, in an attempt to found my existence on this, I noticed that something stupid was happening to me. Too bad, but no way. It can't be done. It seems impossible to meet the demands of Dasein [ being ] and simultaneously have coffee and croissants for an evening snack. To fear nothingness, but to fear the dentist more. To be consciousness, which walks around in pants and talks on the telephone. To be responsibility, which runs little shopping errands downtown. To bear the weight of significant being, to instill the world with meaning and then return the change from ten pesos. Even if you were to ''convince'' me a thousand times over, there would still always be some elementary, unbearable ridiculousness in this! I can't believe that Socrates, Spinoza, or Kant were real people and completely serious ones at that. I claim that an excess of seriousness is conditioned by an excess of frivolity. Of what were these majestic conceptions born? Curiosity? Accident? Ambition? Gain? For pleasure? We will never know the dirt of their genesis, their hidden, intimate immaturity, their childhood or shame because even the artists themselves are not allowed to know about this. We will not know the roads by which Kant-the-child and Kant-the-adolescent changed into Kant-the-philosopher, but it would be good to remember that culture or knowledge is something much lighter than one would imagine. Lighter and more ambivalent. Nevertheless, the imperialism of reason is horrible. Whenever reason notices that some part of reality eludes it, it immediately lunges at it to devour it. From the Essay ''Against Poets'' My thesis that almost no one likes | FROM THE CAULDRON OF LITERATURE: AN EXILE'S JOURNAL |
125514_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: In ''A Serious Scrape, but Still a Scrape'' (editorial, Feb. 16), you discuss the Feb. 12 incident in the Black Sea in which two United States warships, the destroyer Caron and the cruiser Yorktown, sailed within the 12-mile limit the Soviet Union claims as its territory, and were bumped by Soviet frigates. You treat this as merely great-power competition, quoting a State Department aide on the ship scrape: '' 'After all,' the aide said, it is 'a competitive relationship.' '' You conclude approvingly: ''It's also a competition to which both sides are bringing growing maturity.'' You miss the point that the United States has an announced policy on the issues of the territorial sea and the rights of innocent passage, to which our vessels did not adhere. On March 10, 1983, President Reagan announced an oceans policy. He did so because a year earlier he refused to allow his representatives to initial the Law of the Sea Convention, which the United States and all maritime nations had worked on for 10 years. In his oceans policy he said that the convention included provisions on the traditional uses of the oceans that ''generally confirm existing maritime law and practice and fairly balance the interests of all states.'' He then declared that the United States ''will recognize the rights of other states in the waters off their coasts, as reflected in the convention, so long as the rights and freedoms of the United States and others under international law are recognized by such coastal states. The Law of the Sea Treaty is very specific about the breadth of the territorial sea: every state has the right to declare up to 12 miles as the width of its territorial sea. It is equally specific in defining innocent passage: ''passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state.'' Among its definitions of prejudicial behavior is ''any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defense or security of the coastal state.'' If Mr. Reagan meant what he said nearly five years ago, our ships should not have been inside the Soviet-declared 12-mile territorial sea for the purposes of spying. If the United States is a nation under law, then treaties, customary international law and Presidential declarations upholding both must be observed. In the | U.S. Ships Broke Law in Black Sea Scrape |
125512_2 | babies? We can easily confirm this preposterous result directly. In 1960, the world population was 3 billion, thus supposedly a totality (living plus ancestors) of 60 billion. By 1988, with 5 billion alive, the totality would be 100 billion, requiring 40 billion to have been born in between and 38 billion to have died, because the population grew ''only'' by 2 billion. Over 28 years these birth and death rates average roughly 1.4 billion a year out of an average population of 4 billion, essentially the above estimate. Professor Keyfitz's figure probably applied to the epochs before the current population explosion: extrapolating backward at the current growth rates would place Adam and Eve in roughly the year 900 after Christ! The decimal point wasn't misplaced. It needed to be moved, owing to the increased pace of population growth. Indeed, for people to survive to be adults automatically requires the death rate to be less than 5 percent a year, and it's probably more like 2 percent a year in actuality, which gives a birth rate to growth rate ratio of about 2. Conclusion: roughly half the adults ever born are alive today. I wish I could share the good feeling promoted by the rest of your editori-al: that 5 billion isn't really all that bad and more geniuses will be born to help solve our problems. However, the populations of the technological nations are almost constant, so any additional geniuses will be born into poverty in underdeveloped countries and will instead spend their lives preoccupied with survival. And it doesn't take a genius to figure out that humankind's biggest problem is the unrestrained population growth itself. Already in some places like Ethiopia, nature is beginning routinely to apply her standard solution to overpopulation: death by starvation. In the meantime, forests are denuded for firewood, land turns to desert, wildlife is poached to extinction, and every available resource is relentlessly exhausted for money to import food, leaving nothing behind but wasteland and refugees to export the problem. If the world population continues to grow exponentially, so will the total size of such areas, and the earth is, of course, finite. If the house rats survive and evolve into paleontologists, they are going to think the earth got hit by an asteroid. F. CURTIS MICHEL Houston, Feb. 22, 1988 The writer is the Andrew Hays Buchanan Professor of Astrophysics at Rice University. | When It Comes to Population, More Isn't Better |
127523_3 | said: ''These outrageous and unfounded remarks are typical of the ongoing hoax that these three individuals - Maddox, Mason and Sharpton - are perpetrating on this community. Hopefully, this case will be solved despite their egotistical and arrogant disrespect for the law.'' Told that Mr. Maddox had called for his arrest, Mr. Grady said, ''If there is anyone who should be behind bars, it is these three individuals for obstructing justice.'' The 16-year-old girl and her family and advisers have said she was abducted and abused by up to six men Nov. 24-28, when she was found in a plastic garbage bag, smeared with feces and scrawled with racial slurs. Since early in the case, she has refused to cooperate with the authorities, and investigators say there is no evidence to support her story. Mr. Maddox insisted yesterday that he and Mr. Mason had ''direct evidence'' to support their assertions, but they rebuffed requests for details. ''We don't want to outline to Mr. Pagones what evidence we have,'' Mr. Maddox said. ''He's still a law-enforcement official and is in the position to retaliate against the family.'' Urged to Turn Over Evidence A spokesman for Governor Cuomo, Terry Lynam, said if the lawyers had any evidence they should give it to Attorney General Robert Abrams, whom Mr. Cuomo has named special prosecutor in the case. A spokesman for Mr. Abrams, Timothy Gilles, said that many people were ''subjects'' of the inquiry, but that ''we do not have evidence sufficient to identify suspects at this time.'' ''The fact that today's allegation was made at a press conference and that evidence to support it is being withheld from our investigators casts serious doubt on the believability of the charge,'' he added. While Mr. Grady has never disclosed the conflict of interest that led him to withdraw from the case, other investigators have said he did so because Mr. Pagones was a friend of Harry Crist Jr., a part-time police officer who commited suicide four days after Miss Brawley was found. The Brawley family voiced suspicions of Mr. Crist because of his suicide and reports that a car similar to his was seen nearby the day the girl was found. Mr. Pagones has said he was with Mr. Crist and two other men in Danbury, Conn., that day. While his status has never been resolved, state investigators tend to discount that he was involved. | A Dutchess Prosecutor Vows Brawley Case Slander Suit |
135711_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: A recent holiday in Florida, which included going through Miami International Airport, followed by a visit to Toronto by way of New York City's La Guardia Airport, pointed up how inefficiently passengers with luggage are catered for at those airports. For more than 30 years I have been a regular visitor through New York's Kennedy International Airport and accepted the skycaps as part of the trauma. On arrival at La Guardia from Miami with my wife and six pieces of luggage at the Eastern Air Lines terminal, I had to get to the American Airlines desk - about a block away - for the flight to Toronto. The Eastern Air Lines skycap ignored my requests for help in getting my luggage to American Airlines. In the end, my wife and I - both 70 years old - had to manhandle it there ourselves. There was no elevator to the first floor, where the American Airlines desk is. We made our flight, but the experience highlighted the poor design and management of those airports. Once the passenger has bought his ticket, he is on his own. Why have the airport authorities so little concern for the interests of the passengers? Is the skycap system the best they can come up with, or have the skycaps achieved some kind of inalienable rights that cannot be changed? If the airport authorities for both Miami and La Guardia saw the services offered to passengers at London's Heathrow Airport, they could only conclude that they should tear down their own airports and get back to the drawing board. They would also learn that the passenger comes first in practice and not just in theory. CHRISTOPHER CHARLES Dublin, March 29, 1988 | Airline Deregulation Creates Massive Problems; Discomfort at Airports |
135498_0 | LEAD: No doubt a fair number of houses have been painted during a professor's sabbatical, and it is probably true that while on academic leave, someone brought a tan or two to chestnut maturity. But for every Aegean port that was visited, 100 ancient texts were read; for every redwood deck sanded and stained, 1,000 monographs were polished. No doubt a fair number of houses have been painted during a professor's sabbatical, and it is probably true that while on academic leave, someone brought a tan or two to chestnut maturity. But for every Aegean port that was visited, 100 ancient texts were read; for every redwood deck sanded and stained, 1,000 monographs were polished. As higher education retools in the face of reform and competition, the sabbatical these days is often referred to as a key to attracting and holding talented scholars. These paid leaves, taken every five to seven years, are of course among the oldest of academic rituals. And while it is possible to look upon the sabbatical as a practice for pampered intellectuals, it is defended as one of the few ways to keep a commonly myopic class of professionals modern and in touch with the world around them. Still, the myth of idleness, of measured indulgence, persists. ''My brothers are in business,'' said Richard Schechner, a drama professor at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. ''They say, 'You don't work.' '' The professor is recently returned from China where, on sabbatical this year, he traveled between Beijing and Canton, and points inland, observing and making notes on various forms of dramatic performance -everything from the deeply atavistic Diexi, a kind of masked dance connected with shamanism and exorcism, to opera, fashion shows and storytelling sessions performed by grizzled raconteurs in teahouses. He did all this in a month and a half. Then he made arrangements to return to China next year to direct a play. Then he came home and began work on two books. Then he edited the drama review he heads. Then he delivered a lecture as a fellow at the University of Michigan and along the way he consulted on a dissertation or two at N.Y.U. ''A sabbatical is not a time when you sit with your feet up on a desk,'' he said. It is supposed to be a time when scholars, ''hired thinkers,'' think, a time when, free | LESSONS |
135668_1 | presented scientists with a more efficient biological system for testing new drugs and therapies to treat cancer, and for determining whether chemicals and other toxic substances found in food or the environment are harmful. The announcement elated researchers and biotechnology industry executives who said it would attract more investments for research and lead to safer and more effective biological inventions in medicine, agriculture, forestry and other industries. But critics, including several powerful members of Congress, protested the decision, arguing that a handful of officials appointed by the Reagan Administration had in a single act determined a new and important public policy without a public debate and in defiance of a request from Congress to delay the action. Donald J. Quigg, the Assistant Secretary of Commerce, who is also Commissioner of Patents, said approving the animal patent was a logical and lawful extension of previous decisions by the 198-year-old agency. In 1930 the first patent for a crop plant was approved. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled that scientists could patent genetically altered microorganisms. A year ago the Patent Office announced that it would allow inventors to patent new forms of animal life created by gene-splicing and other biological technologies. Mr. Quigg said today that the 13th Amendment prevented the patenting of human beings. Patent attorneys said, however, that portions of the human genetic code, including specific genes, will be patentable. 'Can Anyone Say This Is Wrong?' Mr. Quigg said the potential of the altered mice to hasten the development of treatments for cancer was an important factor in granting Harvard the first animal patent, which allows the inventor the exclusive right to use a product for 17 years. ''I know I'm not supposed to get on a soapbox,'' he said in an interview today, ''but how can anybody say this kind of development is unethical or wrong?'' But some members of Congress protested, and in a letter to be sent later this week after more signatures are sought they called on the Patent and Trademark Office to refrain from issuing another animal patent. The office said 21 patent applications for genetically engineered animals are pending. Both the House and Senate are considering legislation that would impose a moratorium on approving patents for genetically altered animals. It would be in force until Congress has more thoroughly considered a range of economic and moral issues raised in the last year by farm | Harvard Gets Mouse Patent, A World First |
137405_0 | LEAD: The United States today signed a United Nations document deploring torture. The document, known as the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, was adopted by the General Assembly in 1984. The United States today signed a United Nations document deploring torture. The document, known as the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, was adopted by the General Assembly in 1984. John C. Whitehead, the Deputy Secretary of State, who attended the signing ceremony, said the accord would be sent to the Senate for ratification. He said there would be changes to resolve ambiguities and to safeguard United States law-enforcement interests. The Convention has been signed by 63 countries and ratified by 29. It calls on nations to punish or extradite torturers and to compensate torture victims. It calls for a Committee against Torture, similar to monitoring bodies set up under other such conventions. | U.S. Signs a U.N. Document That Seeks an End to Torture |
137327_0 | LEAD: In another sign of a worldwide consolidation in the tire industry, the Armtek Corporation, a tire and industrial products company, said today that it had agreed to sell its Armstrong Tire Company to Pirelli S.p.A., the Italian tire maker, for $190 million. In another sign of a worldwide consolidation in the tire industry, the Armtek Corporation, a tire and industrial products company, said today that it had agreed to sell its Armstrong Tire Company to Pirelli S.p.A., the Italian tire maker, for $190 million. For Pirelli, the world's fifth-largest tire company, the acquisition of Armstrong gives it the American foothold it has long sought, although a far smaller one than it wanted. Pirelli last month made a $1.86 billion bid for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, the nation's second-largest tire maker. Pirelli was outbid by Japan's Bridgestone Corporation, which offered $2.6 billion. Moving Beyond Tires Armstrong, the nation's sixth-largest tire producer, had operating income of about $20 million on sales of $469 million in 1987. The company has virtually no presence in the original-equipment market, providing tires to auto makers, but it has a strong position in the replacement market. Armstrong is also the second-largest producer of tires for farm machinery, behind the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. Armtek, which changed its name from the Armstrong Rubber Company in 1983, has been busy acquiring non-tiremaking operations while scaling down its presence in tires. In 1983 the company bought the Copolymer Rubber and Chemical Corporation, a specialty chemical producer, and in 1985 it acquired the Blackstone Corporation, the leading independent supplier of engine-cooling components and systems for the auto industry. Tire sales now account for about 30 percent of New Haven-based Armtek's revenues, compared with 70 percent in 1983. The company has three tire-manufacturing plants and one tube-making plant. 'Our Customers Are Global' Ludovico Grandi, president of Pirelli's worldwide tire operations, said buying a tire maker in the United States was crucial to the company's long-term strategy. ''Our customers are global,'' Mr. Grandi said. ''The United States is the largest tire maker in the world, and it is critical for Pirelli to have a strong role here.'' Mr. Grandi added that Pirelli and Armtek executives had held meetings on a possible combination long before the Italian producer sought to acquire Firestone. He said the parties failed to reach an agreement and that the talks collapsed last October. Pirelli officials | Pirelli to Buy Armstrong From Armtek |
133919_1 | scientists. The latest figures, from 1987, show that 62.2 percent of white mothers nursed their babies while in the hospital, as against 50.6 percent of Hispanic mothers and 24.9 percent of black mothers, according to Julie Stock of the La Leche League International, a breast-feeding advocacy group with members in 50 countries. Sharp Differences Found And a new study by Federal scientists found sharp differences between blacks and whites in the practice of breast-feeding even when such factors as education and income were taken into account. Breast-feeding fell out of favor in the United States in the 1940's and 1950's, initially because an increasing number of women joined the work force in World War II and found it inconvenient or inappropriate to nurse their children, Ms. Stock said. ''People also believed whatever science could offer, like baby formula, was better than what nature had to offer,'' Ms. Stock said. ''This was also the time when much of the care of women and babies went from being women-based, such as midwives and female members of your extended family, to male-based doctors who had no training or feeling about breast-feeding.'' A new interest in breast-feeding emerged in the late 1970's as scientists documented more advantages. Many white middle-class women also started giving birth after delaying pregnancy, and this group generally advocated breast-feeding as more natural and better for babies. These mothers tended to discount potential drawbacks to nursing, such as the rare cases of maternal breast infections, or the occasional possibility that some chemicals might be passed to babies, including such things as drugs, nicotine, caffeine and alcohol. Indeed, most doctors believe the benefits of breast-feeding far outweigh the possible drawbacks. Various studies indicate that breast-fed babies are more resistant to respiratory and digestive system illnesses and have better tooth and mouth development, fewer allergies and better bonding with the mother. For mothers, nursing stimulates hormones that help them relax and burns as much as 500 calories daily to help with postpartum weight loss, experts said. Peer Pressure Is Cited With these advantages and renewed interest in nursing, why is the incidence of breast-feeding among blacks so low? Some professionals believe that more black women, particularly those from working-class environments with lower incomes, would nurse if the act were considered more acceptable by their families and peers. Dr. Antoine K. Fomufod, of the pediatrics department at Howard University College of Medicine in | HEALTH: Infant Care; Why Fewer Blacks Choose to Breast-Feed Than Do Whites |
133864_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Margaret Thatcher exacerbates the climate of violence in Northern Ireland by openly praising the killing of unarmed suspects in Gibraltar, and by blocking the prosecution of police charged with shoot-to-kill activity. The British Prime Minister sends signals that killing on the side of British law is as likely to be praised as reprimanded. Mrs. Thatcher has elevated vigilante justice to the level of standard procedure. Such statesmanship is deplorable. Small wonder that it is counterproductive to peace and justice. There will be no peace in Ireland until England withdraws its troops and leaves the Irish, with feet to the fire, to solve their own problems. There is no trouble, and no Protestant complaint of oppression in the part of Ireland that is free of British control. Stationing English troops in Northern Ireland is perceived, and often with reason, as a policy of putting the fox in charge of the henhouse. If interim troops are needed in the North, they should be United Nations forces, and should include Irish soldiers, who could best neutralize the Irish Republican Army. How long will toying stubbornly with ineffectual solutions go on before bold and imaginative steps are taken in Northern Ireland? Prime Minister Thatcher has the strength to cope with the problem. It is time that she did. (Rev.) CONNELL J. MAGUIRE Flourtown, Pa., March 23, 1988 | Gibraltar I.R.A. Shootings Are Vigilantism |
133921_1 | to plant more cocoa trees, which take seven to nine years to mature. The harvest from those trees is a major reason for the current surplus and low prices. The cocoa contract for May delivery rose yesterday by $16, to $1,562 a metric ton (2,204.6 pounds), on the Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange in New York. Last season nearly two million tons of cocoa were produced worldwide. The International Cocoa Organization, a group of producing and consuming nations, had projected last year that the crop this season would be about 30,000 tons higher, but it is now revising that upward. The Gill & Duffus Group P.L.C., a London-based commodities firm, predicts that world output this season, which ends in September, will be a record of more than 2.1 million tons, up 6 percent from last season. Production will exceed consumption by about 122,000 tons, according to the firm, which expects worldwide consumption to grow 3.6 percent this year. The International Cocoa Organization anticipates a surplus of 150,000 metric tons. In the United States, people consume an average of 10 pounds of chocolate a year, a figure that has held steady for the last five years, according to the Chocolate Manufacturers Association. #20% of a Candy Bar Some candy makers said the cheaper cocoa had kept candy prices from going up. About 20 percent of a typical milk chocolate bar is made up of cocoa. The other 80 percent is largely sugar and milk. While sugar and milk prices have been stable in recent years, such other costs as production, transportation and labor have been rising, said Tom Morris, executive vice president of World's Finest Chocolate, a Chicago company that makes candy bars and supplies cocoa for bakers. Lower production costs and stiff competition have caused World's Finest to reduce its price on bulk cocoa sold to bakers by about 12 percent since July, Mr. Morris said. Retail prices for individual bars may not fall soon, but consumers may see still bigger bars, slightly lower prices on bagged and boxed chocolates, coupon programs and other promotional efforts, according to analysts and Richard T. O'Connell, president of the Chocolate Manufacturers Association. The strategy of offering consumers a bigger bar for the same price is nothing new. Two years ago, the Hershey Foods Corporation, based in Hershey, Pa., was the first to increase the size of its candy bars, making them 10 to | Cocoa Glut: Good News and Bad |
133937_2 | address crowds two or three times a week. He chooses not to hold Cabinet meetings, but calls in his ministers one at a time for briefings, interrogations and scoldings. ''His mind is like a computer,'' said a senior Dominican official who, even in praising Mr. Balaguer, did not want to be quoted by name. Perhaps the real measure of his stature, Dominicans and foreign analysts say, is that opponents and critics avoid frontal attacks. During Mr. Balaguer's first three elected terms beginning in 1966 and lasting into 1978 the price of sugar, the country's main crop, hit record levels and he had plenty of money for his projects. But sugar is now selling for about eight cents a pound, or two to four cents less than it costs to produce here. As a form of aid, the United States pays the Dominican Republic and some other countries just under three times the current world market price for sugar. But in the last six years, the United States has cut its purchases of Dominican sugar by nearly 80 percent. Tourism Is a Big Earner Tourism in the Dominican Republic has been growing spectacularly and has become the country's greatest foreign exchange earner, yielding about $570 million last year, or nearly double the combined income from the three traditional mainstays, sugar, coffee and cocoa. Growth in light manufacturing has also been dramatic, with employment now up to about 80,000, or quadruple what it was four years ago. But earnings in these fields have not been enough to offset the cost of huge amounts of imported materials for the public works projects and a boom in hotel construction. And the country remains saddled with a foreign debt of $3.5 billion that emerged during the days of high oil prices. At the end of February, when he raised Government salaries and said he would not start any new construction, Mr. Balaguer also imposed price controls on half a dozen basic foods. A few days later he agreed to take part in talks with labor and business leaders and his political opponents, mediated by the Roman Catholic Church. The unions eventually walked out of these talks and they were suspended. In late March, President Reagan abruptly invited Mr. Balaguer to the White House. Neither Mr. Reagan nor Mr. Balaguer gave an explanation for the visit, but it was generally interpreted in the Dominican Republic as | Santo Domingo Journal; At 80, the Master Builder Is Busy (and Boastful) |
135853_1 | movement of the late 1960's - from curb cuts in sidewalks to kneeling buses - that is now part of our urban landscape. ''Over the past 20 or 30 years, more attention has been paid to people with disabilities as we have become more integrated in society, articulating discrimination and working together as a movement,'' said Judith E. Heumann, a co-director of the World Institute on Disability in Berkeley, Calif. ''Disability is finally becoming a little less stigmatized.'' She cited an increase in the number of older people and the participation of those with disabilities in mainstream events, like the Olympics, as underscoring a shift in attitude. But she added that many problems remain, including equal access to transportation, employment and health care. Irving Kenneth Zola, a professor of sociology at Brandeis University who uses a wheelchair, said new approaches toward design reflect this shift in attitude. ''I don't want to say the struggle is over,'' he said. ''In some ways, it's just beginning.'' Disabled people, he added, ''are a minority group to which everyone has potential membership.'' The term ''disabled'' applies to a much broader group than people in wheelchairs. A survey conducted in mid-1984 by the Census Bureau showed that more than 37 million people in the United States have some physical disability. For instance, 18.1 million had trouble walking up a flight of stairs without resting. According to the World Institute on Disability, 46 percent of the people in the United States 65 and older have some sort of disability. Their specialized needs, whether they have temporary handicaps - a broken leg, say - or are among the country's rapidly expanding elderly population, have led many designers away from ''perfect designs for perfect people,'' Mr. Mace said. ''For years,'' he added, ''designers have had a tendency to design for people who are young, male and at the peak of their physical ability.'' Current approaches include adapting housing and products to make small acts of daily living easier, from getting around in a wheelchair to taking a bath, washing the dishes, opening doors or slicing bread. These new approaches range from expanding access for the handicapped in national parks to housing modification programs for low-income families. Some of the most innovative new products have been created by people with disabilities themselves. Their wide-ranging designs represent what Ralf Hotchkiss, a California wheelchair designer, called ''a surge of self-determination.'' To | Designs Take Heed Of Human Frailty |
135831_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: The animal rescue operation that has needed an Amazon River Noah's ark of zoologists (news story, March 30) parallels the situation I heard of from two Kayapo Indian chiefs who recently visited me in Washington with Darrell Posey, an anthropologist committed to preserving the Amazon's tropical forests. Last year, I introduced a tropical forest protection bill (H.R. 3010) that links debt relief to investments in conservation. The Kayapo chiefs want to halt construction of huge dams funded by the World Bank in their homelands on the Amazon River. They told me they fear their people will suffer the same fate that befell other Indian groups when such dams were built. For example, in 1975, the Waimiri-Atroari, to whom you refer, numbered more than 1,000 before the Balbina Dam flooded their homeland. Today, only 105 Waimiri survive. Forced resettlement without compensation and inadequate health care have brought physical and economic ruin upon a once flourishing people. The flooding crisis caused by the Balbina Dam was worsened by failure to clear trees and other plant life from the designed catchment area, resulting in eutrophication of the stored water. This will result in high maintenance costs at the dam. The Kayapo chiefs sought my support to halt United States approval of World Bank energy sector loans to Brazil for a similar dam near Kayapo homelands. I told them that while this development is a Brazilian Government decision, Americans are concerned when part of their tax dollars are used for it without protecting indigenous people, plants and animals that are threatened by environmentally unsound development projects. H.R. 3010 is one way to offer such protection. JOHN PORTER Member of Congress, 10th Dist., Ill. Washington, April 1, 1988 | Amazon Projects Threaten More Indians |
139684_0 | LEAD: INTERNATIONAL A2-13 News analysis: Jean-Marie Le Pen, by his strong showing in the first round of France's Presidential election, may have helped President Mitterrand reorient French politics around the moderate Socialist Party. Page A1 John Demjanjuk is to be hanged, an Israeli court ordered. INTERNATIONAL A2-13 News analysis: Jean-Marie Le Pen, by his strong showing in the first round of France's Presidential election, may have helped President Mitterrand reorient French politics around the moderate Socialist Party. Page A1 John Demjanjuk is to be hanged, an Israeli court ordered. The court had found that he tortured and killed thousands of Jews as a Nazi death camp guard. His lawyer said an appeal was planned. A1 An Afghan leader offered refugees a demilitarized zone through which they could return home from Pakistan as Soviet troops withdraw. Najibullah said the zone would be created if Pakistan and the Afghan guerrillas agree. A1 U.S. continues pre-summit sparring with Soviet A8 Denmark's ban on nuclear weapons and a debate over a requirement that the Government tell visitng warships of the policy has turned a domestic political dispute into a major political confrontation. A8 Polish transport workers struck in Bydgoszcz and negotiated a pay increase after disrupting transport for more than 12 hours. It was the most visible labor action in Poland since 1982, opposition leaders said. A3 Kuwait is celebrating the liberation of passengers from the hijacked jet. The hijacking has galvanized Ku-waitis into a show of solidarity and national pride at having overcome a challenge from outsiders. A4 Seoul's ruling party expects to win a majority in legislative elections because of the election system's structure and a divided opposition, not because of support for South Korea's President, Roh Tae Woo. A3 A split among the Nicaraguan rebels threatened the movement in the last week. Rebel leaders have patched differences for negotiations with the Sanidinistas, but officials say that unity is delicate. A13 The Ivory Coast defies expectations that Westerners hold about Africa. The country's relative prosperity can be attributed to agricultural productivity, an open immigration policy and continuity of leadership. A6 Saudis will join treaty on nuclear arms A10 Arafat meets Syrian President A10 Security Council condemns killing of P.L.O. chief. A10 NATIONAL A14-24, B6-7 The Supreme Court voted to rehear a pending case, over bitter dissent, as a way of reconsidering a decision that expanded the rights of minorities to sue private | NEW SUMMARY |
139629_0 | LEAD: What seemed at first just another of Denmark's regular domestic squabbles over military policy - this one over visiting allied warships - has swollen into a major political confrontation with ramifications for the entire North Atlantic alliance. What seemed at first just another of Denmark's regular domestic squabbles over military policy - this one over visiting allied warships - has swollen into a major political confrontation with ramifications for the entire North Atlantic alliance. At the center of the storm is an innocuous-sounding resolution pushed through by the left-center opposition calling on the Government to inform visiting warships of Denmark's 31-year-old ban on nuclear weapons. The passage of the resolution was the 23d time in less than six years that the opposition had approved a motion on military matters over the Government's objection, a record explained by the fact that a small left-wing party that votes with the Government on most other issues regularly opposes it on nuclear questions. A Swift and Angry Reaction This time, however, both the conservative Prime Minister, Poul Schluter, and senior allies in Washington and London reacted swiftly and angrily. The resolution, as they saw it, went beyond political needling and challenged the NATO nuclear powers' policy neither to confirm nor deny the presence of nuclear weapons aboard any of their naval vessels. That policy led the United States and Britain to terminate military cooperation with New Zealand in 1984 after its Government required that visiting warships declare whether they are carrying nuclear arms. Mr. Schluter waited five days after the resolution was passed April 14 and called new elections for May 10, only eight months after the last national election. This time, he in effect asked Denmark's five million citizens to demonstrate whether they support ''full'' membership in NATO. Despite the sniping from the left, Denmark's membership in NATO has always been supported by a majority in public opinion polls, and the support has increased since the elections were called. The unexpectedly strong reaction from Washington and London has increased the sense of crisis. A meeting of NATO's nuclear planning group scheduled for this week in Denmark was shifted to Brussels, and after a special two-hour meeting of the allies, the NATO Secretary-General, Lord Carrington warned that the Danish resolution, if put into effect, ''would have serious repercussions.'' Shultz Sees 'Real Problem' En route home from Moscow, Secretary of State George P. Shultz | Danes Divided on Nuclear Resolution |
139716_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: For 40 years, I have watched the situation in the Middle East with concern. My concern began in 1946, when a member of a delegation of experts attached to the English-American commission of inquiry was a house guest of ours in Paris. I watched him pacing the garden repeating over and over, ''There is no just solution, yet we must make a decision.'' Two years passed with much blood being shed before Israel was recognized by the United Nations. Many Palestinians fled from their land; many were put into refugee camps, where their grievances festered. What has happened in these 40 years has been debated in your newspaper with charges and countercharges. Still there is no peace, and daily we read the toll of dead and wounded young men and children. One nonpolitical project that might achieve a great deal for the region and perhaps even pave the way for peace is not mentioned. The project came to an abrupt halt with the war of 1967. Perhaps now is the time to revitalize it. I have never known whether this project was an official secret. During the early years of the 1960's, when the attention of many Americans was on the war in Vietnam, there was on the Stanford University campus a group of engineers from Israel and Jordan working on a large Jordan River project. They envisioned a project that would make the whole region bloom. I knew about it because I was working with their families. Stanford University has a graduate students housing complex, in which students from foreign countries and their families make up 46 percent. The children attend the Escondido Elementary School, where I was a volunteer working to help the parents and children become part of the social life of the school and to feel at home in the United States. When I visited them in their apartments, they talked freely and with great excitement about what they planned to do on their return home. The Jordanians and the Israelis planned to make the desert bloom. I looked at the maps with them, and we discussed how this project compared with what is known about the great irrigation systems of the distant past. Then came the war of 1967, and both groups were called home. Every year the United States sends Israel $1.2 billion for military aid. Couldn't | Jordan River Project Could Help Peace Bloom |
139550_0 | LEAD: President Francois Mitterrand called today for Sunday's first ballot for the French presidential election in the South Pacific territory of New Caledonia to be declared null. President Francois Mitterrand called today for Sunday's first ballot for the French presidential election in the South Pacific territory of New Caledonia to be declared null. Mr. Mitterrand's campaign headquarters said the Socialist leader acted as many polling stations in the territory, shaken by separatist violence, were unable to open on Sunday. The President, who emerged as clear leader in the first ballot with about 34 percent of the vote, received less than 5 percent of the vote in New Caledonia. New Caledonia voted overwhelmingly in favor of Mr. Mitterrand's conservative challenger, Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, giving him 74.7 percent of the vote. Five people have died - four French policemen and one Melanesian girl -since Kanak separatists unleashed a wave of attacks last Friday to protest a new regional status that came into effect on Sunday. Mr. Mitterrand, appealing to the nine-man Constitutional Council, said his electoral agents were unable to check the regularity of the vote. | Mitterrand Calls for Voiding Of New Caledonia's Ballots |
140163_0 | LEAD: Advanced Genetic Sciences Inc., a biotechnology company in Oakland, Calif., said it had successfully completed the second field test of Frostban, a genetically altered bacterium intended to prevent frost damage in fruit and nut crops. Test results confirmed that Frostban protects strawberries from natural bacteria that cause frost to form, the company said. Advanced Genetic Sciences Inc., a biotechnology company in Oakland, Calif., said it had successfully completed the second field test of Frostban, a genetically altered bacterium intended to prevent frost damage in fruit and nut crops. Test results confirmed that Frostban protects strawberries from natural bacteria that cause frost to form, the company said. ''We are ready to develop Frostban into an effective tool to increase food production safely and economically,'' Joseph Bouckaert, Advanced Genetic's president and chief executive, said said in a statement. The first field test of Frostban, done a year ago, caused concern among environmentalists that the bacteria might spread or mutate in unforseeable ways. COMPANY NEWS | Advanced Genetic Cites Frostban Test Special to The New York Times |
140165_1 | Boston and New York are the only big cities actively considering needle exchange programs. In New York State, Dr. David Axelrod, the State Health Commissioner, has said he would approve such a program but must still adopt regulations to get it under way. City council and state legislative approval is not required in New York, as it is here. Massachusetts and New York are among a dozen states that require prescriptions for the purchase of needles and syringes. The Boston program would involve about 200 addicts and continue for 180 days, after which it would be evaluated. The needle-and-syringe exchange would be conducted under a physician's supervision, and participants would be offered referrals to drug treatment as well as education about AIDS. Each recipient would be issued a license to possess a numbered needle and syringe. The virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome can be spread through exchanges of blood, which can occur when intravenous drug users share needles. AIDS can also be spread through sexual contact. Thus, an infected addict can pass the virus to a sexual partner. Infected women who become pregnant can transmit the virus to their babies. Link to Heterosexual Population Medical and public health officials cite infected intravenous drug users as the disease's primary link to the heterosexual population in the United States. Health officials here estimate that a quarter of Massachusetts's 40,000 needle-using addicts are infected with the AIDS virus. There are 14,000 intravenous drug users in Boston, according to city estimates. Mayor Flynn did not appear to have much support when he first proposed the needle exchange. The plan deeply divided the political, medical and religious community. The Archbishop of Boston, Bernard F. Cardinal Law, strongly opposed it, as did many other clergy, on moral grounds. Many opponents, including Governor Dukakis, argued that a needle exchange program sends the wrong message at a time when people are working against drug abuse. Some saw no hard evidence that such a plan could work. ''What are we coming to now?'' one opponent on the City Council, Albert L. O'Neil, asked today during the debate. ''This has got nothing to do with AIDS. This is using taxpayers' money for needles'' for addicts. But three days of hearings on the issue earlier this month, as well as a visit to Boston City Hospital to see infants who had contracted AIDS from their mothers, apparently changed some | Boston City Council Backs Plan On Sterile Needles to Fight AIDS |
139958_1 | America, Mr. Castro has been moving toward reconciliation with Cuban Christians and the country's small Jewish population. Fresh Bibles and New Priests Progress toward more freedom and equity has been agonizingly slow for Cubans who want to practice Catholicism or Judaism, and for a while last year it seemed to have stalled. But the restoration of the telexes, which Mr. Castro quietly approved in late February, is one of several concessions the Government has made in the last six months. Toward the end of last year, the church was allowed to import 30,000 Bibles, the first in 16 years. The number of priests had dwindled to about 220, and for the first time since the expulsions the church was permitted to bring in a group of foreign priests. About 20 have arrived in the last few weeks, and 7 more are expected soon. Speaking last week with John Cardinal O'Connor, the Archbishop of New York, Mr. Castro praised four members of Mother Teresa's order who have been working with cancer patients here since late 1986 and said he would welcome many more nuns to join the 250 now in Cuba. How the Believers Are Faring By holding well-publicized meetings with Cardinal O'Connor and other prominent clergymen, Mr. Castro reinforces his message that churchgoers or ''believers,'' as they are known in Cuba, are no longer to be regarded as enemies. Yet it is still not entirely acceptable to practice religion in Cuba. No one who does, for example, can become a member of the Communist Party, which is essential to advancement to the highest levels in trades and professions. Mr. Castro has said housing, education, medical care and most jobs are to be available to churchgoers without discrimination, and he has appointed a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba to listen to grievances. But many Cubans say they are still afraid to let neighbors and fellow workers know that they are religious. Some believers attend churches far from where they live, and others are afraid to go at all. Cardinal O'Connor was preceded in Cuba this year by the head of the Jesuit order, Peter-Hans Kolvenbach of the Netherlands; Archbishop Theodore McCarrick of Newark; and Rabbi Arthur Schneier, the president of the Appeal of Conscience Foundation, an ecumenical organization for human rights based in New York. When Rabbi Schneier was here, Mr. Castro let him send | Havana Journal; Balm for a Bruised Clergy, and Hope for Believers |
140068_1 | estimated that hundreds of babies may have been born severely deformed because of the drug, was the need for a change in policy widely accepted. Many European doctors have for years expressed concern about the relative lack of controls on the drug in the United States, American and European experts said in interviews. ''The U.S. experience is one which horrifies us,'' Dr. Adrian Ive, a clinical lecturer in dermatology at the University of Newcastle in England, said in a telephone interview yesterday. Accutane is coming under intense scrutiny now because scientists at the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control have argued that it causes so many severe birth defects that access to it should be stringently controlled. Some officials think it should be taken off the market altogether. Federal studies indicate that women who take even small doses of the drug in pregnancy have at least a 25 percent chance of having a baby with severe birth defects, including mental retardation, often lethal heart defects, and malformed faces that typically have no ears or ears below their chins. An additional 40 percent of fetuses are spontaneously aborted. Since it was approved for sale by prescription in the United States in 1982, Accutane has been accompanied by strong written warnings against use by women who are pregnant or might become so. On Tuesday, an advisory board of the Food and Drug Administration recommended that distribution of the drug be restricted, although specific measures were not agreed upon. Drug's Toll in U.S. At that meeting, Dr. David Graham of the drug agency gave a new estimate of the drug's toll in this country. Based on data from Medicaid programs in Michigan and Florida and from a health maintenance organization in Washington state, staff members at the agency estimate that as many as 9,180 American women took the drug while pregnant and that 597 babies have been born with severe birth defects from 1982 through 1986. This superseded an estimate made in February and widely publicized last week, based only on Medicaid data, that as many as 1,300 babies had been born deformed. In England and in Spain, Accutane is regulated the same way as thalidomide, a drug that caused thousands of birth defects, mostly in Europe, in the 1960's. Since then use of thalidomide in young women has been severely limited worldwide. France also limits access to Accutane | Europeans Placed Stiffer Curbs on Acne Drug |
134959_4 | the ''tension'' of the wall. The statue depicts a female officer with a stethoscope around her neck. Some Vietnam veterans object to this because it is too specific. Sharon Vennel of Brick Township, a 36-year-old cryptanalyst who served in Vietnam in 1970 and '71, said in an interview: ''I believe that the statue is limited in its representation. Specifically, it represents an Army nurse who was an officer, obviously not taking into account enlisted women. This issue is so emotional that it has actually affected friendships among veterans.'' In her remarks at the meeting of the Fine Arts Commission, Miss Evans pointed said there were no memorials in Washington honoring the contributions of American military women. ''We have women physicians, women who served in military intelligence and in various humanitarian roles - a wide variety of occupations - yet American women veterans are rarely depicted in national commemorative public sculpture,'' she said. Ann Talmage-Clark, director of the Jersey City Vietnam Veterans Center, who coordinates readjustment counseling for war veterans and their families said in an interview that ''readjustment is an ongoing process for the veterans who served in Vietnam or any of America's wars.'' ''For Vietnam veterans, in particular,'' she said, ''there are some issues which are unique to that experience. For example, the homecoming was traumatic because of the lack of rituals and community support: no memorials, no parades, no recognition of enormous personal suffering.'' Peter Yeo, legislative assistant to Mr. Gejdenson, said of the legislation: ''The bill itself does not advocate this particular statue. If the legislation is passed, a review of the statue's design will be in order. ''Even if the statue, as it is currently designed, is approved, it does not exclude other women who served. It has to have an identity. The stethoscope is one of the ways of making the statue more interesting.'' Rodger M. Brodin, 47, of Corcoran, Minn., the sculptor who designed the prototype of the proposed statue, said he believed that Ms. Lin's original design - two black granite walls set into the earth and intersecting in a wide V-shape - was complete in itself. ''The addition of Hart's statue of the three infantrymen made the memorial incomplete with such a specific reference,'' he said. ''The prototype I designed represents all the women who served in Vietnam because it depicts the largest group of women who were there. This will 'complete' | Memorial to Women Veterans Is Sought |
134908_3 | River 21 miles west of London, has been damaged by shifting foundations, the Department of the Environment announced recently. A series of bore holes have been dug to determine the cause of the settling, but the department said it was too early to give an explanation. Test results were not expected before May. Although the Round Tower is not part of the royal family's domestic accommodations, it is a private area, housing the Royal Archives, and few people are able to visit it. The damage was described as serious. When the tower shifted in mid-March, plaster fell and cracks appeared in stonework. A door and two windows were reported jammed. The Queen and her husband, Prince Philip, live for much of the year at Buckingham Palace in London, but they and their family spend Christmas at Windsor. When the Queen is in residence, her standard is flown from the five-story tower, the lower part of which dates from 1172 during the reign of Edward III. The upper part was added 650 years later by George IV. The Round Tower is built on a mound thrown up by the Saxons who ruled until they were defeated at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 by William of Normandy, who then became William I of England. The original castle was built by William around 1070. Phoning While on the Move The question ''Guess where I'm calling from?'' has several exotic answers: from a ship, plane or train. Now it is easier to call from a ship since credit card telephones, which have been available on planes and trains for some time, are being installed. Telephones called Cashphones are available on 22 ships. Calls made by Cashphone differ from traditional ship-to-shore radio calls in that no assistance from the ship's radio operator is needed. A passenger can place a call by inserting a credit card and dialing direct. The cost of the call is billed to the caller's credit card account. Credit card telephones are usually placed in a lounge or other common space. The use of satellite equipment provides better sound quality and more privacy than high-frequency radio waves, according to Comsat Maritime Systems, which markets them. Lines that now have Cashphones are Admiral Cruises (Stardancer), American Star Lines (Betsy Ross), Chandris Fantasy Cruises (Azur, Britanis, Galileo, Victoria), Costa Cruises (Costa Riviera), Cunard Line (Queen Elizabeth 2), Epirotiki (Pegasus, World Renaissance), Holland America | TRAVEL ADVISORY |
134916_1 | began spreading a transportation web across England in 1755, eventually traversing about 4,000 miles. By the early 1800's, canal boats had become the dominant form of cargo transportation. The network incorporated an intricate system of reservoirs, aqueducts and pumping stations to keep the locks supplied with water. (Each time a lock was emptied considerable water was lost downstream; the locks were made small to reduce waste.) Commercial traffic has vanished from most of the canals, and many of them, being only three feet deep, have filled up with dirt. But pleasure boating along those that remain is a wonderful way to see England. One relives the past traveling at the pace of the time, a pace that makes bicycling seem like breaking the sound barrier. Our weeklong voyage covered all of 83 miles. No experience is necessary for such a journey, I was assured at dockside late on a Saturday afternoon. We gathered our luggage, life preservers, guidebook and map and boarded our floating home, the Lancaster. We were given a quick but adequate briefing on the operation of the 47-foot craft -drinking water here, propane there, lighting the central-heating unit thus, converting the dinette into a double bed so, starting and stopping the diesel engine this way, setting stakes along the towpath for overnight mooring that way, the basics of locks. Then, casting off from the Black Prince dock at Stoke Prior, my wife, Susan, clutching a 34-page manual on lock operation and river navigation, we were waterborne. Our blue and yellow boat chugged along a narrow 10- to 20-foot-wide waterway. Sheep and cows grazed on either side. Stinging nettles, archetypical English hedgerows of hawthorn and a profusion of wildflowers covered the banks by the old towpath. In a short while we arrived at our first lock, No. 24 on the Worcester & Birmingham Canal. It would raise the boat about five feet. The next lock, visible immediately beyond it, would do the same, the next likewise. All in all, we had five locks to pass through before mooring for the night, and by the time we had closed the last of them, their intricacies were quite familiar to us. That they and all the canals had been dug by hand and the dirt moved by wheelbarrow seemed nothing short of astonishing, I reflected rather tiredly at our final lock for the day. No one had mentioned that narrowboat | Family Outing On a Slow Boat In the Midlands |
134684_0 | LEAD: Perhaps the most ambitious goal of a Cabinet-level internal report on drug strategies is to cut in half coca leaf production in Latin America over the next five years. Perhaps the most ambitious goal of a Cabinet-level internal report on drug strategies is to cut in half coca leaf production in Latin America over the next five years. ''To accomplish this objective,'' says the report, ''agreements must be reached with the several governments of the region, an effective coca herbicide must be identified and found environmentally acceptable, eradication programs must be carried out simultaneously in all coca-producing countries, and more accurate crop estimates are required for purposes of targeting illicit crops and verifying their destruction.'' The report was prepared by the National Drug Policy Board, which is led by Attorney General Edwin Meese 3d. The draft report, which is now making its way through the Administration and Congress, concludes that for aerial spraying to begin this year, discussions should begin immediately with Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, the four main countries producing coca, from which cocaine is derived. What the report does not say is how all this is to be done. Problems With Herbicides A herbicide that is both environmentally safe and effective against coca has never been approved for use on a wide scale, and coca-producing countries have not shown much enthusiasm for eradication programs. Last year, the production of coca grew by more than 10 percent over the previous year, and it is expected to increase by as much as 10 percent again this year, according to the State Department. State Department officials familiar with eradication testing admit they are still reeling from their problems with the Dow Chemical Company. In 1984, after the State Department began manual spraying tests of coca in Colombia's jungle lowlands with garlon-4, a Dow herbicide, some officials predicted that the Colombian crop could be wiped out in three years. Chemical Is Disappointing But the chemical was not as effective as expected. In one area, peasants were relieved when sprayed coca plants recovered after it appeared they had died. Dow, mindful of lawsuits by Vietnam veterans who say they suffered from exposure to the Dow defoliant Agent Orange, was reluctant to join a politically sensitive project and refused to sell the United States the quantities of garlon-4 it needed for tests on a larger scale. The testing stopped after the State | Ambitious Eradication Goals and Withering Obstacles |
134842_10 | discount the financial benefit of co-op education. To this, Paul E. Dube, director of the Center for Cooperative Education at Northeastern, noting that students there earn an average of $7,300 a year, says: ''It would take a $700 million endowment to give 10,000 students that kind of aid. An engineering student may earn $13,000 to $14,000 on average as a co-op student, and upon graduation may earn $28,300. By going to school an extra year he may miss income of $30,000, but he will have made $60,000 in four years, which is significant.'' However, saving money appears to be only part of the attraction of co-op programs to students. For many students the co-op experience is also the gateway to a job after graduation. One such beneficiary is Jennifer Eleazar, a student in the metals and jewelry program at Rochester, who just completed the nation's first co-op silversmithing program. After working last year as a designer of silver bowls, goblets and other holloware for Tiffany & Company in New York City, she graduated from Rochester's School for American Craftsmen and began working full time for Tiffany on design and production of silver and crystal. ''Two years ago we had a hard time filling craft position openings, when R.I.T. approached us about its program,'' said Paul Kelaher, Tiffany's director of operations and customer services. ''It's worked out well. We are filling the positions we need, and the students are tremendous workers. They're not only educated in the craft itself but they have a business background.'' Tiffany's is among 50,000 employers who now provide co-op jobs. The list includes such companies as the International Business Machines Corporation, Texas Instruments Inc., the Exxon Corporation and the Duke Power Company. The Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester currently has 200 co-op students, including 30 from the institute. Of these, 140 will be offered jobs next year, according to Kodak. At the Xerox Corporation in Rochester, co-op students are also at a distinct advantage when it comes to looking for employment, according to Douglas W. Pelino, corporate manager of employee and college relations. ''You have months to get to know a co-op person, instead of a few minutes in an interview,'' he said, adding that Xerox hires primarily the engineering co-op students who have worked for the company. Xerox regularly hires as many as 100 co-op students, from Rochester, Clarkson and Cornell universities and the University | On-the-Job Learning |
134975_1 | motor oil and other nasty substances, moving toward drinking-water supplies. ''Let's hear you say, 'Landfills stink,' '' Mr. Rowlands urged he introduced a song with that title. Children eagerly participate in the show, which is peppered with pop, rock and rap music. Afterward, the pupils line up to ask for Ray Cycle's autograph. ''I can't believe he kept their attention,'' said a kindergarten teacher at Mary F. Morrison Elementary School in Groton, Leslie Spees, said. ''Do you know how hard it is to get a kids that age to sit for an hour?'' ''It's our hope that Ray Cycle will become for the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and its recycling program what Smokey Bear is for the National Forest Service,'' said Marc A. Breslav, a consultant who is overseeing the tour. The recycling coordinator in Groton, Diane C. Small, said Ray Cycle's message reminded her of the anti-smoking drive by the American Cancer Society in schools in the 1960's. ''Programs like this can have a lot of impact at the elementary level,'' Ms. Small said. ''It's important to get attitudes like this shaped early.'' Ray Cycle was actually created last summer by Everett Studios of White Plains, to publicize the recycling effort. Under the program, dumps and garbage incinerators will be prohibited by 1991 from accepting such recyclable materials as newspapers, tin and aluminum cans, and yard wastes. Such other materials as tires and batteries are recommended for recycling. The Greater Bridgeport Solid Waste Advisory Council has been awarded up to $5 million to plan, design and construct a recycling center. The South Central Council of Governments has received a $75,000 grant for a similar plant in the New Haven area, and the Southeastern Connecticut Regional Resources Recovery Authority has been given $1.1 million to expand recycling in the New London region. In other areas, talks are proceeding to determine the sites for recycling centers. To obtain a grant, a center has to serve a population of at least 250,000. Mr. Rowlands said he was working on his degree in education last year in Ohio and teaching courses on the environment at an Audubon Center in Dayton when he was approached by Billie B. Brennan, who has produced three records about the environment. Mr. Brennan and Paul Seydewitz of Takoma Park, Md., had been commissioned to write the songs for the Connecticut campaign and were looking for a performer. | Recycling's 'Superhero' Zaps Trash With Song |
134843_0 | LEAD: A MAN ON A university campus walks up to a woman he has never met and bites her breast in a collegiate fad known as ''sharking.'' Racial brawls break out on campuses from Massachusetts to Maryland. Four university football players in California gang-rape a woman. A student rapes and strangles a 19-year-old college freshman in her Pennsylvania dormitory room. A MAN ON A university campus walks up to a woman he has never met and bites her breast in a collegiate fad known as ''sharking.'' Racial brawls break out on campuses from Massachusetts to Maryland. Four university football players in California gang-rape a woman. A student rapes and strangles a 19-year-old college freshman in her Pennsylvania dormitory room. Another student murders two others in a Michigan dormitory with a sawed-off shotgun. These and similar violent incidents at American colleges and universities in recent years have focused sharp attention on an issue many students, parents and administrators long considered a contradiction of a sort: crime on campus. For years, college campuses had an image of being safe, bucolic havens, academic groves where the pursuit of knowledge and the cultivation of fellowship shut out many of the threats and fears of everyday life. No longer. Several well-publicized crimes, a growing number of negligence lawsuits against colleges accused of lax security and a greater awareness of ''date rape,'' gang rape and other crimes against women have forced schools to confront the problem in an unprecedented way. Many have responded with seminars and forums on safety and sexual harassment, added lighting and increased security patrols. ''It's a new era on college campuses, where everybody - students, faculty, staff - is trying to pay greater attention to it,'' said William Schafer, director of the office of student conduct at the University of Colorado at Boulder. ''Whereas before, a lot of these issues weren't dealt with very openly, either because people didn't know it was occurring or they didn't want to admit it.'' Experts say no comprehensive statistics on campus crime are available. Only a little more than 300 of the nation's 2,100 four-year colleges and universities report data individually through the Federal Bureau of Investigation's voluntary Uniform Crime Reports system. Figures for most institutions, including many of the most prestigious private schools, are blended with local crime statistics - assuming that the schools report the crimes to begin with, and some critics contend many | The Reality of Crime On Campus |
133011_0 | LEAD: HOW sad and disturbing it is to read a lengthy, articulate letter to the Long Island editor concerning special education for children with disabilities (Jane Goldlatt, March 6), which, while full of facts and figures, seems totally absent in appreciation and understanding of the human values that underlie special education services - or, for that matter, the cost benefits to society. HOW sad and disturbing it is to read a lengthy, articulate letter to the Long Island editor concerning special education for children with disabilities (Jane Goldlatt, March 6), which, while full of facts and figures, seems totally absent in appreciation and understanding of the human values that underlie special education services - or, for that matter, the cost benefits to society. Jane Goldblatt responds to ''Choices Great and Small'' by Leslie Pihas (Opinion Page, Jan. 10, which dealt with problems faced by parents whose children with disabilities complete schooling), by recounting in great detail what she feels are the too-high costs of affording children with disabilities equal educational opportunity. The writer points out that in 1985-86, children with disabilities made up 9.8 percent of all students in Nassau County and 11.4 percent of children in New York City. She does not point out that these ''alarming'' figures are at or below the national average for all school districts and much lower than those in many metropolitan areas, including smaller cities in New York State such as Rochester and Buffalo, to say nothing about Boston, Philadelphia and elsewhere. In a discussion of costs of special education in New York City, the writer says: ''In a city where 1 of 4 children lives in poverty, you'd think some people would start asking serious questions.'' The implication that the costs of special education are either contributing to the problems of poverty or diverting resources away from alternative programs is ludicrous. Disability is often correlated with poverty and so children suffering from poverty are enrolled in special-education programs, which is why there are generally more children enrolled in programs in the cities than elsewhere. Further, let's look at benefits, not just costs. At the Human Resources Center, a nonprofit agency providing education and vocational rehabilitation to children and adults with disabilities, we recently reported the results of a program offering training and job placement services in conjunction with a cooperating agency in New York City, Just One Break. In a one-year period | Special Education: Readers Respond |
132763_0 | LEAD: Jane Goldblatt's letter, ''Realistic Goals in Special Education,'' demonstrates naivete about the nature of the special-education process. Jane Goldblatt's letter, ''Realistic Goals in Special Education,'' demonstrates naivete about the nature of the special-education process. The writer, herself a special-education teacher for many years, has a history of complaining about the frustrating, unrealistic and impossible nature of educating the developmentally disabled. She has railed against the inappropriateness of requiring a ''teacher with a master's degree'' to implement an Individual Education Plan in simple daily living skills, in spite of the general recognition that the teaching of these apparently simple skills to the developmentally disabled requires a level of teaching ability and dedication greater than in any other education area. Now, voicing a concern shared by all people in the special-education universe, she suggests that financing for education and residential programs for the over-21 should be accomplished by reducing what she claims is unnecessary financing for education of younger handicapped children. She asserts that ''for 21 years parents of handicapped children can have whatever they ask for in educational services.'' My wife and I only wish this were so. Our 15-year-old severely autistic son has for the last 13 years been treated within the educational system. We have seen the dramatic positive effects of early intervention by trained, motivated professionals coordinated under the organization of an Individual Education Plan. At the same time, we have seen the devastating effects of appallingly low salaries with their constant staff turnover and the continuous attenuation and elimination of programs because of lack of funds. Our son, rather than getting whatever we ask for, gets far less than he needs. In the face of this, the assertion that special education is overfinanced is absurd. Like all parents of handicapped children, we fear the day our son turns 21 and we may be on our own. We fear the ''devastating ending'' to which the writer refers. But her offered solution is a classic example of throwing out the baby with the bath water. She ignores the fact that the education of the handicapped is a continuous process in which the first 21 years are inextricably linked to anything occurring afterward. Diluting education to provide funds for adult programs would make the child less capable of benefiting from these programs and, as such, be self-defeating. We want, need and deserve such adult services for our son, but | SPECIAL EDUCATION: READERS RESPOND |
133124_0 | LEAD: ''The Unruly Dragon'' flows along like its subject, the Yellow River in China. It's long and it's muddy, but it has lots of bright flashes of color. The Yellow River, or Huang Ho, starts in the Tibetan highlands and empties out in Bo Hai Bay off southeast China after twisting and turning 3,300 miles. ''The Unruly Dragon'' flows along like its subject, the Yellow River in China. It's long and it's muddy, but it has lots of bright flashes of color. The Yellow River, or Huang Ho, starts in the Tibetan highlands and empties out in Bo Hai Bay off southeast China after twisting and turning 3,300 miles. Some 120 million Chinese, Tibetans, Mongols and Moslems live along its banks, a great many of them, one thinks, worried about disaster. In the last 50 years, ''The Unruly Dragon'' reports almost casually, floods, crop failure and starvation have taken the lives of more than 4 million. The figure of 4 million is hard to comprehend; we can't imagine misery that vast. The problem is, ''The Unruly Dragon'' can't quite imagine it, either. The hourlong film, at 10 o'clock tonight, is presented by ABC News. Presumably, that means it's a news documentary. In fact, it's not a news documentary; it's a travelogue. The Yellow River moves endlessly through gorges and canyons, past ancient stone dwellings and giant Buddhas carved out of hillsides. Meanwhile, we hear a flute. Then the film returns to a studio, where Jim Laurie, the chief Asia correspondent for ABC News, attempts to put what we see in perspective. That's a tough job. Mr. Laurie, through no fault of his own, is reduced from reporter to tour guide. He points to a map: This is where we've been; here's where we're going. Then we return to the Yellow River. ''The Unruly Dragon'' is a hybrid - a cross between ''National Geographic'' and the evening news. It's pleasant and watchable, but it's also like the proverbial Chinese dinner: You've eaten but you don't feel full. The Japanese Broadcasting Corporation made the film as a co-production with China Central Television, and then, it seems, ABC became involved. The network, which recently disbanded its ''Close-Up'' documentary unit, is apparently searching for new cost-effective ways to present news. Thus the film we see tonight: no questions, no answers, no interviews; Mr. Laurie is the narrator for a film made by someone else. | 'Unruly Dragon': An Excursion In Need of a Guide |
132962_4 | beyond the institutionalized terror of the early 50's. Of course, the relative liberalism of many of these governing elites hardly sustains the commonplace notion that student radicalism was somehow the product of a society grown far too permissive and consumption-oriented. One can't explain the rebelliousness of university students in Madrid and Mexico City by reference to Benjamin Spock's child-rearing advice, or cite students' affluence to understand the aspirations of those who took to the streets in Warsaw, Prague and Paris. Mr. Caute is particularly good at recounting the political trajectory of each of these New Left movements. The British anarchist publication Black Dwarf headlined ''We Shall Fight We Will Win -Paris London Rome Berlin''; but the ebullient spirit of the worldwide New Left could not transcend the political sociology of the various states in which the movement found itself imprisoned. In West Germany and Great Britain, student radicalism never sparked a large social movement but, as in the United States, the university occupations and occasional violent clashes with police engendered a severe political backlash. While both Tito and de Gaulle had made dramatic and conciliatory television appearances at the height of the student rebellion in June 1968, government and educational leaders in North America and northern Europe found that the greatest political rewards were won by a defense of the existing order. Most Americans applauded the use of police to clear Columbia University of radicals and to crack heads in the streets of Chicago, but Mr. Caute claims that the scale of reprisals against students and staff at the British art colleges had no counterpart in any other Western country. There, locally controlled governing boards ended student occupations by cutting off heat and light, firing faculty sympathizers and closing the institutions for the rest of the term. In Latin Europe, however, the ruling elites felt themselves on more unfavorable terrain, largely because students and young intellectuals there were able to forge links with wider strata of the population. It was in France, of course, that a New Left insurgency sparked a movement that actually shook the system, with almost 10 million workers on strike at the end of May 1968. Workers and intellectuals assumed the role of heirs and custodians of an ''alternative'' France evoked by the memories of the Paris Commune of 1871 and the Popular Front factory occupations of 1936. As Mr. Caute says, ''The strikers of May | A FAILURE THAT CHANGED THE WORLD |
132889_1 | was never more than partly true. Ethnic, national, religious and other loyalties usually predominated over straight class interest. But the Marxist prophecy had tremendous intellectual and emotional impact, and is still implicit in the way many people talk about politics, if not in the way they practice it. Neo-conservatives in the U.S. thought they saw a heavy dose of that analysis in the last two decades, and, ironically, sought to revive it as the foil for their counterarguments. Neo-liberals took the bait. But already both voices are fading as the mainstream moves on with calls for problem-solving, economy-boosting, energizing. Perhaps that is with the exception of Mr. Jackson's appeal, but it may be more misleading than enlightening to see him in terms of the old pendulum. There is a recognition that neat theories and panaceas don't work, neither Lyndon Johnson's idea of making a Great Society by throwing public money at it, nor Ronald Reagan's endorsement of ''supply side'' floodgates opening for private money. Is it left or right to call attention to the limits of U.S. power to reshape the world and agitate for human rights? That depends on whether intervention is to be in Vietnam and Nicaragua or South Africa; whether rights are to be defended in the Soviet Union or Chile. True, this is an old contradiction that we learned to live with under the left-right perception of the offending government, but the righteous arguments have frayed at the edges as the messy real world imposes itself. What kind of issue is ecology: a left-wing crusade against uninhibited private despoliation of the environment in which all must live, or a right-wing attempt to preserve the status quo and prevent late-comers from sharing in new wealth? How do the opposing stands on demography, how to deal with terrorism, drugs, space, sort out? Who calls for more and stronger government activity, and who wants the state to opt out? America's basic tendency to set aside ideology and to get on with trying to look after concrete needs as groups in the society make them impossible to ignore has led Europeans to call pragmatic politics ''Americanization.'' It is a healthy tendency, and it has a lot to do with stabilization of Western Europe as it sees it must tackle new problems undreamed of in old theories. The search for the possible and the practical in place of the emotionally rousing | A Need to Be Stirred |
133042_7 | the county's ''work on recycling was being paid for out of the general Westchester budget, while the refunds will just be in terms of those municipalities involved in the refuse district.'' Mr. Hogan said that was correct. ''So isn't it a reasonable assumption,'' Mr. Gilchrist asked, ''that any work you do on recycling, since it's paid for by all of us, will benefit all of us?'' Mr. Hogan again agreed, making it clear that the $100,000 grant program is also open to communities not part of the Intermunicipal Agreement.'' It was the county's intention, Mr. Hogan said, to conduct a broad information campaign on recycling, ''in part through the schools because that's where it's got to start,'' and at such events as a Recycling Exposition at the County Center in White Plains on Nov. 9 and 10. ''It will be for professionals and for the public,'' Mr. Hogan said, ''and it will be to bring together the markets, the equipment and the people who are experts.'' A meeting also has been planned for 1:30 P.M. on April 21 at the County Building a 85 Court Street in White Plains, where public works officials and municipal recycling coordinators are encouraged to speak about what, as participants, they might need in the county program. State officials will be on hand, according to Mr. Hogan. Mr. Rice, the Scarsdale consultant, said coordination would be crucial if the plan was to work properly. ''Communities have to be able to take the recycled material someplace,'' he said. ''Most communities don't have room to store their material, and thus they don't have enough on hand to attract a good steady market.'' ''One man said to me that 'we pay $60 to $90 a ton for corrugated cardboard, but it has to be processed right' - baled in a certain way so that it fits into their equipment,'' he said, adding that there were companies that would take recycled plastic, but in amounts that single communities could not produce. He said companies even took used car tires, ''but in large amounts'' -enough to fill a truck or a rail car. ''They burn tires for fuel and say they burn cleaner than coal,'' Mr. Rice said. ''The trick is to burn it hot enough.'' Even if municipalities could not sell their used tires and gave them to vendors, he said, they would save on tipping fees at Peekskill. | County Presses Recycling Program |
134475_0 | LEAD: Ted Turner, the broadcast executive, has been charged with importing and possessing three black bears and two cougars without a permit, officials said today. Ted Turner, the broadcast executive, has been charged with importing and possessing three black bears and two cougars without a permit, officials said today. Mr. Turner, head of Turner Broadcasting Company, had ordered that the animals be brought to Florida from his South Carolina plantation and released into the wild at Avalon Plantation, which he owns near Capps, the authorities said. If he is convicted, Mr. Turner faces a maximum penalty of $500 and 60 days in jail on each of the three counts. Assistant State Attorney Jim Hintz said Mr. Turner, who was unavailable today, would be served with a summons for a May 4 arraignment. | Broadcast Executive Charged With Importing Wild Animals |
133278_2 | on March 19, two British soldiers who apparently drove into an I.R.A. funeral by mistake were beaten and shot dead. Troops Line Parade Route At both incidents, security arrangements were minimal, with few members of the British Army or the Royal Ulster Constabulary in attendance. The Government was severely criticized for insufficient security. But for today's Easter march, the military and the police provided a huge security contingent. British troops in camouflaged fatigues carrying automatic rifles lined the parade route along Falls Road, the heart of Catholic West Belfast. The large police and military presence represented a break with tradition for the Easter marches and was a calculated risk. In the past, troops have usually steered clear of the annual parade on the reasoning that a big force would only heighten tensions. Yet the show of force at the march brought little reaction from the crowd, and the demonstrations were peaceful. The speeches in Milltown Cemetery today tended to crush hopes voiced in Belfast last week that the recent violence might prompt a more conciliatory line from Catholic nationalists, including the possibility of negotiating an I.R.A. cease-fire. That optimism was based largely on talks between Tom King, Britain's Secretary for Northern Ireland, and John Hume, head of the Social Democratic and Labor Party, a moderate Catholic group. Statements Were Conciliatory Mr. Hume emerged from that session saying, ''We are ready to sit down and talk with everyone.'' Protestant political leaders, too, have made conciliatory statements recently. James Molyneaux, leader of the Official Unionist Party, said last week that he wanted to ''bridge the gulf which has separated the British and Irish peoples for far too long.'' But ''everyone,'' in Mr. Hume's usage, includes Sinn Fein. He does not want to try to negotiate representing only part of the nationalist spectrum, with the hard-liners accusing him of selling out. Accordingly, Mr. Hume held discussions last week with the Sinn Fein president, Gerry Adams, that Mr. Hume said were aimed at ''ending all violence.'' The British Government and the Protestants would not meet with Sinn Fein unless the guerrillas agreed to a cease-fire. But Martin McGuinness, Sinn Fein's vice president, today repeated his group's commitment to ''limited guerrilla warfare'' and denied any shift in policy or any discussions about a cease-fire. ''Let the British give us a declaration of intent to withdraw from Northern Ireland and the violence will stop,'' he said. | 1916 Irish Rebellion: It Is Not Over Yet |
133234_0 | LEAD: Danny and Fay Moore have lived with anxiety since the births of their daughter and their son, both mentally retarded as a result of the genetic disorder Down's syndrome. The Moores shape their family life around providing special schooling and counseling for Stacey, 7 years old, and Aaron, 4, who are growing into adventurous, fun-loving children. Danny and Fay Moore have lived with anxiety since the births of their daughter and their son, both mentally retarded as a result of the genetic disorder Down's syndrome. The Moores shape their family life around providing special schooling and counseling for Stacey, 7 years old, and Aaron, 4, who are growing into adventurous, fun-loving children. ''Our concern is what happens to the children when we die,'' said Mr. Moore, a 36-year-old food service manager. ''We're not wealthy people.'' Some of the Moores' worries - and those of other families here in Illinois - have now eased with the beginning of an innovative trust fund to provide long-term care for the mentally or physically disabled. The aim is to offer families a way to make a sound investment for their children's future, without affecting eligibility for government disability aid, impoverishing the family or adding a huge new burden on the state treasury. It is an idea already being explored by other states to help millions of Americans who are mentally ill, physically incapacitated or developmentally disabled. Maine expects to enroll families in a program based on the Illinois model later this year. The Illinois program, the Self Sufficiency Trust, is not intended as a substitute for Social Security disability or Medicaid benefits - what social workers sometimes refer to as the ''sheets and eats'' government services. Rather, it seeks to insure the extra care that would enhance the quality of life such as special therapy, transportation or recreation. Avoiding a Catch-22 The concept of the Self Sufficiency Trust was developed by the National Foundation for the Handicapped, based in the Chicago suburb of Elmhurst. According to James H. DeOre, the group's executive director, the aim was to eliminate a Catch-22 situation that hampered relatives from bettering the lives of disabled family members. Many wanted to provide income or make bequests, but doing so risked a cutoff or reduction of government aid restricted to those with limited resources. At least four million disabled Americans now receive Federal benefits, but the Federal Department of Health | Illinois Project Gives Families a New Way To Aid Disabled Kin |
136744_1 | study the magnetic fields of virtually every part of the body, they have the unprecedented ability to see how each of us is put together - and how we each diverge from ''normal.'' But, though they might be able to see the extra parts, the missing pieces, the multiple cysts, they often don't know how, or even whether, structural variations will translate into functional abnormalities. ''Our ability to make pictures is outpacing our ability to make sense of them,'' says Dr. George Taylor, a pediatric radiologist at Children's Hospital National Medical Center in Washington. This intellectual lag time is inevitable with any new technology; without the background of a set of clearly defined normal results, physicians are hard pressed to find, much less interpret, aberrations in the first crop of images. But the newest of these scanners seems to carry unique hazards. For one thing, they are being used to create detailed images of the brain, which has such resounding powers of compensation that form and function don't always match. When a flaw is seen in the brain's anatomy -that is, in its form - this does not always translate into an impairment of the behavior - the function - that the flawed region usually controls. The brain is so adaptable that healthy regions often take on new roles when necessary. For another thing, the scanners create pictures so beautiful, so precise, that ''we can see abnormalities we never saw before,'' says Dr. Jonathan Trobe, a neurologist at the University of Michigan. ''The sensitivity of the tests is so high that they're picking up everything, and we're not really able to tell whether any of it has any bearing.'' The most far-ranging questions are raised by the magnetic resonance imager (M.R.I.), which works by placing the body into a machine with a strong magnetic field. This lines up the hydrogen atoms of the body like compass needles and makes them emit a signal, like a radio wave, that a computer turns into a recognizable image. The M.R.I. can show pictures of virtually any organ of the body, though it's used most often on the brain and spinal cord. Because M.R.I. scanning is so new, science is still grappling with an understanding of what a normal brain should look like. Dr. Trobe talks about the U.B.O's - unidentified bright objects - that show up on the scans of many people over | The Inner Landscape |
136853_1 | the advertising targets for that very catchy-looking packaging. It's up to us to make clear to manufacturers and retailers what kind of packaging is acceptable to us. Most businesses react to pressure from customers - and very little will be done without that nudge. We do need large government recycling efforts, but they won't be effective as long as we are the monkey in the middle between new packaging feats and the problematic incinerators that are the latest quick cure. Paper, glass and aluminum are currently recycled. That's a start. There are already degradable (although the label doesn't say bio-degradable) plastic trash bags on the market. Entrepreneurial manufacturers are sure to respond with a larger variety of degradable packaging if the market is there. Meanwhile, of the 28 items Mr. Meyerowitz piled into plastic bags, eight were organic kitchen and plant wastes that he could have composted to produce humus for his house plants and garden. So much of what we are tossing out could be recycled by us at home. Study what you are throwing out and see what you can re-use or at least render less dangerous to the environment. Cutting up plastic rings on six-packs to keep them from choking shore birds comes to mind. You really can wash plastic bags and re-use them. Glass jars are useful household containers. Maybe someday we'll fill our own containers from sanitary dispensers at the supermarket, but until then, eat more fresh produce and you'll use fewer cans. Cut up cardboard boxes and use them with newspapers to make a great tool to pick up after your dog. Keep some grocery bags in the car so they're handy to re-use at the supermarket. Plant seeds in egg, milk and fruit juice cartons. Encourage makers of large appliances to re-use the cartons in which they deliver the appliances. Try using cloth napkins with rings for the family and save those paper napkins for special occasions. Tear up worn fabric for cleaning cloths. Use rechargeable batteries. Pass your magazines on to friends or institutions with waiting rooms. Think up some new things for yourself. Put your kids on it. During the drought emergency in the city a few years ago, they all had a great time figuring out ways to bathe and brush their teeth less. Who knows? Maybe they'd like to carry less trash out to the curb. BRENDA CORBIN Freeport | Garbage In and Out? Recycling Begins at Home |
136615_7 | trying to break fully away. Mr. Winchell said the group also served to create public awareness of what they considered ''the harmful effects of cults'' like the Unification Church, Scientology and Way International. ''These people suffer severe traumas,'' he said. Members gather at locations that vary from meeting to meeting, to avoid ''being detected by cultists,'' he said. Many groups statewide deal with parenthood. These include home birth information groups, Informed Choices in Childbirth, La Leche League, Minutes for Mothers and Mothershare, and groups for single parents, stepparents and mothers of twins or triplets. The group for mothers of twins and triplets, Mothers of Multiples, has 11 chapters statewide. Jane Fretts, a member of the Watertown self-help group, said people share hints and child-rearing techniques and trade baby items such as car seats, high chairs and clothing. ''We talk about problems and there's always someone who has a worse one,'' she said. A retired clergyman, Clinton R. Jones, who has a master's degree in counseling, started a group for transsexuals called Twenty Club, which meets at the Christ Church cathedral house in Hartford the second and fourth Saturday afternoons. Members include those who have already undergone sex change surgery, both genetic men and women, those who have been approved and are on hormone therapy, and those considering it. These people, Mr. Jones said, are clergymen, physicians and professors, among others. They talk about parental, legal and career problems and bodily changes during hormone treatment. Andy Millar, a 14-year-old from Wilton, has been a member of Teen Rap, a group which meets at St. Jerome's Roman Catholic Church in Norwalk the third Tuesday of every month, for three years. This self-help group is for children 11 to 20 years old who have cancer, and their siblings. They compare notes on how their disease and treatments have affected their social and personal lives. But, Andy pointed out, the meetings are not necessarily serious. ''We joke around a lot and tease, and care,'' he said. Although Andy has been in remission from leukemia for two years, he and his 17-year-old sister continue to go to meetings. When asked why, he replied: ''It's just great to let it all out instead of holding it all in. And besides, I have a lot of friends there and stuff.'' For more information on support groups, call the Connecticut Self-Help/Mutual Support Network in New Haven at 789-7645. | Mutual Solace From Mutual Cares |
136613_2 | Britain and win for the United States the coveted cup that still bears her name. * Paid with their lives and vessels in the pursuit of their calling. Records show that 34 pilot boats have been wrecked in storms and collisions and that 51 pilots have drowned or frozen to death, including Capt. Dick Brown, skipper of the victorious America, who died of frostbite while on a pilot boat off the New Jersey coast. An even greater number of apprentices and crewmen met violent death, but they are excluded from statistics because of the lowly status accorded them when tabulation was begun. * Sailed across the Atlantic in their tiny cutters, as in 1812, when a pilot boat was dispatched to Europe to warn American skippers that war had broken out with England. * Competed ferociously against one another for the right to bring in ships and collect pilotage, racing toward incoming vessels as far south as Virginia and as far east as Sable Island, Nova Scotia. This was before 1895, when New Jersey and New York sanctioned the formation of a monopolistic cooperative by the pilots to provide a safer, more orderly and economic system, one that continues to this day. The official title of the current consortium is the United New York & New Jersey Sandy Hook Pilots Benevolent Association. It consists of about 100 men, mainly from New Jersey and New York. Each is a private contractor responsible for his own actions, thus shielding the overall association from liability in case of a catastrophic accident. The law requires that all pilots belong to the collective and that all foreign-trade or foreign-flag vessels employ their services on entering or leaving port. American-flag vessels engaged in coastal or domestic trade are not required to use a pilot, although many do so voluntarily. Pilotage fees are established by the states. For example, it will cost the Federal Government $3,090 each way to pilot the carrier America into and out of port. The association buys and maintains boats for the pilots, performs all their bookkeeping functions and selects and trains apprentices. Profits are distributed by member shares in accordance with a pilot's license grade, with a first-grade pilot averaging upward of $75,000 a year. Each pilot is licensed and reviewed annually by both his home state and the Coast Guard. All told, pilots handle about 7,000 passages PU AD FLEET through | The Pilots at Sandy Hook: 294 Years of Taking the Helm |
136997_1 | The operations have made it extremely difficult for farmers to get their coca leaves and coca paste to buyers in other regions. With farmers desperate to sell, prices have plummeted. ''We cannot cover our costs and the people are not harvesting,'' said Herman Portanda, a 40-year-old farmer. ''If a person has a child, what can he do? Many people are now leaving the area because of this.'' A Glutted Market Few experts expect the raids to stop the flow of white powder from the Andean jungles to the streets of American cities. The world market is so glutted that coca supplies from Chapare, where one fourth of the world's coca is grown, could easily be replaced by supplies from elsewhere. But American diplomats and Bolivian officials said they hoped that a new round of antinarcotics programs would weaken the power of the cocaine industry in this nation of 6.4 million people. Many Bolivians are frightened by the spread of drug addiction at home and by the rising power of drug traffickers in neighboring Colombia. ''We now realize that if we don't defeat the narco-traffickers, forget about democracy, forget about development,'' said Guillermo Bedregal Gutierrez, Bolivia's Foreign Minister. ''We must do it for our children.'' The new anticocaine activities in Bolivia are part of what American officials call Operation Snowcap, a United States Drug Enforcement Administration program involving members of the United States Army Special Forces, the United States Border Patrol and the police in several Latin American countries. The drug agency plans to spend $50 million over 3 years on the effort. Helicopter Raids Since last year, 60 American advisers working with 600 Bolivian police officers have launched helicopter raids against the jungle-based cocaine laboratories, using six American Huey helicopters given to the Bolivian Air Force. On a recent raid in a remote farming area, a United States drug agent and a Bolivian officer sloshed through ankle-high yellow mud and slashed through a wall of thick jungle underbrush. A helicopter circled in wide loops, guarding the operation with its machine gun. The men entered a dark clearing. There, amid the clouds of mosquitoes and the cries of tropical birds, were lean-tos covered with plastic sheets and piles of leaves soaking in chemicals, including acid. Vats of astringent liquids sat nearby. The agent and the police officer punctured the containers of chemicals with bayonets and poured the fuel around the area. | Bolivia, With U.S. Aid, Battles Cocaine at the Root |
136941_0 | LEAD: In what experts consider a major step toward ending sex discrimination in wages for professors, the University of Connecticut has agreed to broad salary increases for its female faculty members. In what experts consider a major step toward ending sex discrimination in wages for professors, the University of Connecticut has agreed to broad salary increases for its female faculty members. The university's board of trustees earlier this month approved resolutions to end pay disparities, after a state-financed study found that the average salary for female professors and female associate professors was about $10,000 less than for their male counterparts. Part of the inequity, the study said, could be explained by varying qualifications or amounts of time spent on the faculty. But part of it - an average of $1,700 per person - could be attributed only to sex discrimination, the study said. To help correct the situation, 261 women on the faculty are to receive raises averaging $1,700 each over the next two years. In addition, salaries for 606 employees who work as nurses, registrars, admissions staff and librarians at the university's seven campuses are to be increased by between $50 and $5,000. Men who work in those jobs - considered ''female-dominated'' positions - are also to receive raises. 'It's a Good Model' The agreement, reached through bargaining between the university and unions representing the faculty members and employees, is expected to be approved by the Connecticut Legislature during its current session, and will cost $1.9 million. ''It's a pretty wonderful decision and it's a good model for other universities to use,'' because of the role state government played, said Leslie R. Wolfe, the executive director of the Center for Women Policy Studies, a research and advocacy group in Washington. ''If universities feel that they can't rectify these errors even if they want to can turn to their legislatures, that will make it easier to do.'' Variables such as seniority, merit increases and market forces that influence salaries for different fields have long made faculty pay difficult to assess for disparities based on sex. But the study found that after all other variables were accounted for, a large gap remained between men's and women's salaries at the University of Connecticut and the reason for it was sex, said the university's assistant provost, Joan Geetter. ''I see it as a breakthrough for bargaining these kinds of issues in higher education,'' | Women's Salaries Are Raised By University of Connecticut |
136763_12 | because it is surprising that some of his critics have evidently forgotten them in expressing shocked surprise at his views. ''Why, this is reactionary stuff, this fellow is an elitist, even an authoritarian!'' they have exclaimed. Taking note of Mr. Bloom's veneration of Plato, they have accused him of harboring an antidemocratic hankering for the rule of philosopher kings. On this count, however, there is less to Mr. Bloom than meets the eye. He goes so far as to claim that ''The Republic'' is actually an antiutopian tract intended to warn against efforts to create any ideal political regime and even against its own apparent advocacy of the education of women and the abolition of the family in the interests of equality. This is a convenient claim for a conservative (and antifeminist) to make, consistent with the insistence of followers of Leo Strauss that the great thinkers of the past usually meant the opposite of what they seemed to be saying, but it finds no support from contemporary classical scholars, as one of them, Martha Nussbaum, has pointed out. Mr. Bloom proceeds to argue that his beloved Greek philosophers favored aristocracy and even plutocracy over democracy, not on principle but solely because only ''gentlemen'' ''despise necessity'' and ''have money and hence leisure and can appreciate the beautiful and useless.'' Not the ancients but the philosophers of the Enlightenment, the fathers of our modern democracy, really believed that philosophers should rule. Mr. Bloom wants to sever theory from any practice, to build a high wall between thought and action, because he agrees with Socrates that ''the greatest good for a human being is talking about - not practicing - virtue (unless talking about virtue is practicing it).'' What a gloriously self-enhancing opinion for a bookish professor to uphold! THE modern university is, Mr. Bloom writes, the contemporary equivalent of the ''free lunch'' Socrates demanded ''with ultimate insolence'' that Athens should provide him. Is this not at the very least a prescription for an educational dictatorship, for taking St. John's College of Annapolis, Md., where education consists solely of reading a selected list of largely premodern great books, as the model for all higher education? That may be Mr. Bloom's ideal, but he proposes little more than that philosophy courses based on the ancients should be restored to a central place in the liberal arts curriculum. Moreover, he is surprisingly admiring of | THE PAPERBACKING OF THE AMERICAN MIND |
137064_1 | from the Chicago airport on the hotel's van. Monday through Thursday from 4 to 7 P.M. a hotel clerk on the vehicle phones the hotel with the names and reservation code numbers of the passengers. On arriving, guests simply pick up their room keys at a special desk. Information: O'Hare Marriott, 8535 West Higgins Road, Chicago, Ill. 60631; 800-228-9290 or 312-693-4444. SWISSAIR passengers will be able to check in for their flights and get boarding passes and seat assignments at train stations in Zurich, Berne or Lausanne, beginning May 1. The program is an extension of a plan under which passengers can check their luggage directly to the final destination of their flight by presenting their air and train tickets at any of more than 100 Swiss train stations. More information: Swissair, 608 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10020; 800-221-4750. The Rising Cost Of U.S. Travel The cost of traveling in the United States has been rising faster than general consumer prices, according to the United States Travel Data Center, a travel research organization. The center compared the changes in its Travel Price Index with those of the Consumer Price Index for each year since 1977 and found that travel prices rose faster in all but two years. The travel index measures costs of gasoline, transportation on trains, buses and planes, lodging, food, entertainment and incidentals. Except in 1979, when gasoline prices shot up, and in 1986, lodging has accounted for the largest share of the increase in travel costs. 100-Year-Olds Fly Free On Northwest Northwest Airlines is offering passengers 65 and older discounts of a percentage equal to their age. In the program, effective until June 8, a 65-year-old traveler gets 65 percent off a full-fare coach ticket, a 75-year-old gets a 75 percent discount and so on up to free flights for those who are 100 years old. ''We estimate about 32,000 centenarians in the United States, and we expect that some will be eager to take advantage of the offer,'' said A. B. Margary, Northwest's executive vice president for marketing. The discounts, based on full-fare coach prices, are only for Northwest's domestic flights. The discounts cannot be used Fridays, Sundays and May 31, Memorial Day. Passengers must stay over at least two nights before returning, and all travel must be completed before June 8. Tickets must be bought at least seven days ahead. There is no cancellation | TRAVEL ADVISORY |
139442_0 | LEAD: International A2-10 Chernobyl still has problems two years after an explosion and fire. The nuclear power station is riddled with negligence, and managers have ignored safety regulations, the Soviet newspaper Pravda charged. Page A1 Soviet economic change has failed so far to produce much growth or raise living standards, despite the ambitious programs of Mikhail S. International A2-10 Chernobyl still has problems two years after an explosion and fire. The nuclear power station is riddled with negligence, and managers have ignored safety regulations, the Soviet newspaper Pravda charged. Page A1 Soviet economic change has failed so far to produce much growth or raise living standards, despite the ambitious programs of Mikhail S. Gorbachev, according to a U.S. intelligence analysis. D1 A careful call for religious freedom in the Soviet Union was delivered by Secretary of State George P. Shultz, who attended a Mass at the Georgian Orthodox Cathedral in Tbilisi before leaving for Brussels. A7 Anti-missile systems using rockets instead of lasers are vulnerable to equipment and computer software failures that would make them unworkable, according to a Congressional research agency. A8 President Mitterrand took the lead over Prime Minister Jacques Chirac in the elimination round of France's presidential elections and appeared to be the front-runner in a run-off vote against Mr. Chirac on May 8. A1 Yasir Arafat arrived in Damascus in an a effort to achieve a reconcilliation with Syria after a five-year rift. The P.L.O. chairman is expected to meet President Hafez al-Assad for talks on the Middle East. A1 Israel reopened the West Bank and Gaza Strip for the first time in a week and ended the 24-hour curfews. Army officials said the steps were rewards for ''relative calm'' in the occupied territories. A3 A gold rush in Brazil's jungles has drawn at least 500,000 people into the country's wild interior, where, with primitive tools, they have made Brazil the world's fifth-largest gold producer. A10 South Vietnam's middle class all but disappeared after the war ended in 1975. While many Southeast Asians have risen to higher income levels in the last decade, many in Vietnam have sunk to the peasantry. A4 Prime Minister Brian Mulroney will push Washington for more cooperation on the problem of acid rain when the Canadian leader meets President Reagan and addresses a joint meeting of Congress on Wednesday. A10 Toll in Lebanese explosion is 66; Moslems blame Christians A2 Consultation | News Summary |
139380_2 | her four younger siblings rarely ventured outside, spending their afternoons watching movies on the video cassette recorders that seem to be in every refugee's apartment. Khan Tran, a 14-year-old Vietnamese boy, is one of the scores of refugee children who play Ping Pong and pool everyday in a basement recreation center. He arrives straight from school with a gaggle of younger brothers nipping at his heels. On weekends, the world opens up a bit for these children because they can roller skate nearby on the plaza of the deserted Federal office building. By and large, the children seem inured to the activity of the streets, which are among the meanest in this city of pastel gables and perfumed gardens. To reach the recreation center, Khan Tran passes long lines at St. Anthony's soup kitchen, where the tempers of disheveled men and women, virtually none of them Southeast Asian, are quick as dry kindling. ''They swear at you and stuff like that,'' said the teen-ager. Nancy Ong, a 21-year-old college student from Vietnam and a staff member at the local Bay Area Women's Resource Center, recalled her initiation to the pornography that was once the Tenderloin's dominant culture. She was about 13 at the time, small enough to look up the skirts of the prostitutes and see they wore no underwear. ''I didn't know what all that meant when I first came,'' Ms. Ong said, with a shy giggle. Recreation workers at Boeddeker Park say that time has made playmates of children whose countries are at war. But time has also exposed the Southeast Asian teen-agers to local dangers - the drugs and money that can be made selling them in a neighborhood where crack has lately joined methamphetamines and Wild Irish Rose. ''Asian families have this thing that their children don't do this stuff,'' said Janet Miller, who grew up on the streets of East Oakland and now coaches the Boeddeker basketball team. ''But their children are now American, seeing what other kids see.'' But, Officer Venters said most refugee children seemed to grow up in a cocoon, shielded by hard-working parents who he said have transformed onetime flophouses into neat, crime-free vertical villages. ''These people are just moving through the neighborhood,'' Officer Venters said, ''using it as a place to land and get a grasp of what's happening. You won't find the same ones here five years from now.'' | San Francisco Journal; Asian Children Play Amid Despair |
139451_1 | decade old but it is accelerating as a severe economic recession leaves more and more people without regular jobs. The gold fever has reached such a vast scale that mineral experts are now describing it as the greatest mining rush on record. 'No One Knows the Number' In the past year, new wildcat diggings have opened. They are scattered over thousands of miles, reaching north to the rugged borders with Venezuela and Guyana and west to Colombia and Bolivia. Like pioneers, the gold diggers have cut new trails, opened trade routes and extended the settled parts of Brazil. They move across the north and center of Brazil, exploring or following rumors of new discoveries. ''No one knows the number of camps and sites,'' said Jose Altino Machado, who heads the Federation of Independent Prospectors. ''You can't keep up. They open and close and reopen again.'' Some camps have a few hundred people, others thousands, he said. Serra Pelada, the biggest mine ever, drew as many as 60,000 prospectors. The fever's effects extend far beyond the men who strike fortunes. It has spawned networks of smugglers who take much of the bullion out of the country and trade it for dollars, weapons or drugs. Pilots, prostitutes and suppliers of equipment, food and alcohol have followed the camps. ''If you count the dependants and the spinoffs, the whole economy of support and logistics, some five million people are now living off the gold rush,'' Mr. Machado said. The highest yield at the moment comes from Alta Floresta, a rough and muddy county seat set in a formidable rain forest. A tiny outpost on the cattle frontier in 1980, today it has 121,000 inhabitants and a floating population of about 80,000 diggers in the bush. There are eight banks, 36 establishments that buy and sell gold, 20 drug stores, 68 guest houses and hotels and a circuit of cabarets. Three inspectors at the tax office are responsible for monitoring the flow. ''We just cannot cope,'' said Jose Ojeda, the office director. In March they had registered 271 kilos, or about 600 pounds, in the Alta Floresta region, worth almost $4 million. ''We know the figure is much, much higher,'' said Mr. Ojeda. ''Most of the gold goes into the illegal trade.'' Alta Floresta's real heart is the airfield, a paved though unlit runway at the end of a sandy road. One recent morning | In Amazon Jungle, a Gold Rush Like None Before |
139367_1 | the hopes for bigger G.M. sales of Firestone competitors like the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and Michelin of France. Sales to General Motors have accounted for about 20 percent of Firestone's production in North America. Also, tires purchased from Firestone have amounted to about 20 percent of the tires purchased by General Motors for its cars and light trucks made in North America. Firestone had 1987 sales of $3.87 billion, with $2.6 billion of that from tire sales. John J. Nevin, Firestone's chairman and chief executive officer, said the company had been ''surprised and disappointed by the General Motors action.'' He added, however that the company's management was ''very confident that Firestone could find other markets for the affected tires without adversely impacting Firestone's profits.'' In a statement, Firestone said it had been informed of General Motors' decision on Friday and that the auto maker would significantly reduce its purchases from Firestone beginning in the second half of this year. The General Motors decision applies to its purchase for vehicles produced by its car and truck divisions in North America. ''Firestone would be advised at a later date by the managements of the Saturn Corporation and General Motors affiliates overseas of any changes in tire procurement practices,'' the Firestone statement said. Firestone also stated that it had discussed the decision with the Ford Motor Company, its largest customer, and that Ford had no changes planned in its supply relationship with Firestone. Analysts Not Too Worried Although the decision would cause Firestone's market share to decline initially, analysts said the company could emerge without significant losses over the long term. They explained that Firestone's presence in the original-equipment market -tires sold to automobile manufacturers for use on new vehicles - has accounted for 50 percent of its production, rather than the industry average of about 25 percent. ''It shouldn't be a huge problem for Firestone over the long term,'' said Harry W. Millis, an analyst with McDonald & Company in Cleveland. ''Firestone has supplied so much to the orginal-equipment market that it has had to cut some of its market share in the replacement market,'' Mr. Millis said. ''This will allow them to be more aggressive in the replacement market,'' he said, ''and to work on getting business from the Japanese assembly plants in the United States. Looking long range, this isn't something that should upset Bridgestone's management too much.'' | G.M. Plans to Phase Out Its Purchases of Firestone Tires |
136103_2 | Daniel P. Reilly of Norwich, Conn., Bishop Thomas J. Gumbleton, an auxiliary bishop from Detroit, and Bishop Angelo Accera, an auxiliary bishop in the military chaplaincy program. Welcome Changes in the Air The treaty recently signed by the superpowers banning intermediate and shorter-range missiles and the changed atmosphere in the superpowers' relations are both welcomed in the report, though not without caveats. The new international dialogue, the bishops wrote, is ''an opportunity not yet a certainty'' and cannot be expected to change the two nations' underlying differences. The bishops also expressed regret that several new weapons systems had been deployed by both powers while the treaty on intermediate range missiles was being negotiated and new arms talks were in the offing. The report supported the ''deep cuts'' in strategic weapons currently proposed as the basis for arms talks. The report also calls for pursuing negotiations on conventional arms in Europe ''with a clearer policy focus and much greater political urgency.'' Filling a Gap Left in 1983 But the document's analysis of the missile-shield proposal fills a major gap in the 1983 pastoral letter. President Reagan announced his Strategic Defense Initiative in March 1983, only six weeks before the pastoral letter was issued. The bishops noted that he and former Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger had argued that a missile defense system was morally superior to relying on deterrence through threats. The seven bishops admitted that the officially stated objective of moving away from deterrence and protecting civilian populations from attack corresponded to ''key themes'' of their own pastoral letter. But the bishops' report also mentioned official ambiguity on whether the space missile program was meant to replace or enhance nuclear deterrence. The bishops argued that the moral significance of the proposals had to be judged not only by their intended objectives but also by their likely consequences. Consequences of Reagan Plan The report listed as likely consequences of the Reagan program problems in achieving further arms control agreements with the Russians; the potential for offensive use of a defensive system and the danger that a partly effective missile defense system capable of disabling a retaliatory nuclear strike but not a first strike, could push leaders toward a strategy of pre-emptive nuclear attack. ''No one of these results is a certain consequence of pursuing S.D.I. deployment but the collective danger they pose to the dynamic of deterrence leaves us unconvinced | U.S. Bishops Oppose Anti-Missile Plan |
136339_1 | or shifts in the French consensus that many analysts say could come into the open after the May 8 runoff vote. Setting the Mood With an eye on Communist and other leftist voters, President Mitterrand has declared disarmament to be a ''principal stake'' in the election, an assertion nowhere buttressed by public opinion polls, which show Frenchmen worried about unemployment and the economy. But behind such campaign declarations lies the President's rethinking of French strategic doctrine. Evidently influenced by West German sensitivities about short-range nuclear weapons, Mr. Mitterrand is elaborating a strategy that relies on long-range systems, like submarine-launched missiles, that can strike the Soviet Union. The approach implicitly raises doubts about a new French missile, the Hades, which is to come into operation in 1992 and have a range of 210 miles. Within Mr. Mitterrand's Socialist Party, thought is already being given to scrapping the Hades, whose development between 1987 and 1991 is expected to cost $1.3 billion, as a way to make financing available for education and other nonmilitary uses. A senior presidential adviser insisted that Mr. Mitterrand's strategic ''clarification'' was independent of such budgetary considerations, but he acknowledged that the Hades and even conventional forces might have to be cut below the $84 billion projected by the 1987-1991 military program proposed by the Chirac Government. The Socialist Party voted for the bill. ''Everyone knows that the funding of the bill is not assured,'' said the adviser, who added that even Finance Minister Edouard Balladur was concerned about France's high military costs. ''This is not a Socialist problem. This is a problem for everyone.'' In a speech on military policy last month, Mr. Chirac said he favored extending the range of the Hades - so that it would not land on West German territory - and also endorsed the planned construction of a second aircraft carrier for the French Navy. But in a campaign where questions like the solvency of the social security system are in the forefront of voters' concerns, it is significant that the Prime Minister has refrained from accusing the Socialists of wanting to trim the military budget. The only candidate to propose a specific military program is Raymond Barre, a conservative, who has called for France to build the neutron bomb. Sarcasm From Mitterrand In a ''Letter to all Frenchmen'' in which he sketched his electoral program, Mr. Mitterrand sarcastically praised Mr. Chirac's ''sacrifice'' | Cracks in Foreign Policy Tax Paris's 'One Voice' |
139762_3 | is simple,'' he said. ''Bring a person to a condition where he can tell the difference between sense and nonsense to where he can tell when a man is talking rot. Let's just do that much. In other words, learn to read so well that you stop and you say, 'Look, this word here is the same as this word over here, but it doesn't seem to be talking about the same thing.' If you can read that well then you can start looking for meaning.'' And yet, if it is that simple, then why is a truly educated person so rare? ''Well, look now at the way teachers are trained,'' he said. ''The whole thing is indoctrination mostly in attitudes and beliefs and feelings. Nowhere in the theory or the practice of these people can you detect any visible definition of thinking. The teacher schools are not interested in intellectual inquiry. They are interested in fulfilling the requirements established by government policy. It's not that teachers don't want to understand meaning. Listen, everyone wants to understanding meaning.'' So, then, true education is indeed possible? ''Yes, but not in the way you mean because education is not truly a condition,'' he said. ''It might be best understood as an occasional event. It's something that happens once in a while. Once in a while, for example, I have a brief outburst of education; that is, I actually look at something I believe and ask myself, 'Why do I believe that?' and start to examine it. Education is not a commodity, not something anyone can give to another. If you're going to have it, you have to do it inside yourself. ''I go through days and weeks nattering endlessly to my classes, never standing behind my own shoulder and saying, 'Mitchell, you horses behind. What the hell do you mean by that?' I would guess that a kind of reactive thoughtlessness is every human's condition most of the time. You walk in the street, try to catch a train, hope to get a raise. Moments of thoughtfulness are rare in any life. I bet Socrates spent a hell of a lot of time worrying about household finances and tying his shoes. ''The question is, how shall we live? That's the question to which education is an answer. It's not a commodity, it's a way. You better put a capital W on that.'' | Lessons |
139917_2 | a great cross-fertilization going on in what I consider a significant community. But they said there wasn't. ''The more I saw this, the more it seemed like an opportunity.'' He formed a limited partnership, Spinal Associates, and, with $150,000 raised from several acquaintances, laid the book out on a Macintosh computer in 1986. Demos Publications in Manhattan arranged to distribute the guide in some medical specialty markets, he said. The 372-page guide pays particular attention to wheelchair athletics, Mr. Maddox said, because such activities are popular and visible in a sports-consious nation. ''Wheelchair athletes are being taken seriously as athletes and not as examples of rehabilitation,'' he said. ''The book introduces people to the wide range of activities - from square dancing to water skiing - and it also profiles the elite wheelchair athletes who provide an inspiring example.'' Information on particular programs and groups in the guide is supplemented with listings of phone numbers and addresses. ''The book includes lots of specific advice on a wide range of activities and issues: anything from specific programs for scuba diving to finding a support group for people with polio,'' Mr. Maddox said. Computers are also closely examined. ''For the disabled, a computer is like a six-gun: it's an equalizer,'' Mr. Maddox said. As an example, he noted that computerized access to libraries can save paraplegics difficult bus or train trips. Only 5,000 copies of the book have been printed so far, but it has found supporters among organizations serving those with spinal injuries. Johnathan Spack, former executive director of the National Spinal Cord Injury Association in Newton, Mass., said the book ''fills a need.'' ''Most people with spinal-cord injuries are young,'' he said. ''Sixteen to 25 years old is the largest group.'' The book, he said, ''appeals to that demographic group: people interested in sports; people on the cutting edge.'' Mr. Spack said he was especially pleased by the guide's straightforward tone. ''People with spinal-cord injuries are like anyone else,'' he said. ''They have the same capacity for humor and self-deprecation that everyone else has. You don't lose that any more than you lose your sexuality or other characteristics.'' Clifford D. Crase, the publisher and editor of The Paraplegic News and Sports n' Spokes, two publications of the Paralyzed Veterans of America, a 14,000-member organization based in Washington, said he was pleased with the guide's wide range of material. ''I've never | Everyman's Guide to Life as a Paraplegic |
139860_0 | LEAD: The General Motors Corporation's Saturn subsidiary said it would retain the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company as its sole supplier of tires for the planned Saturn compact auto even though G.M. has said it will drop Firestone as a supplier for its existing models. The Saturn automobile, which will be built in Spring Hill, Tenn., is set for introduction in 1990. The General Motors Corporation's Saturn subsidiary said it would retain the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company as its sole supplier of tires for the planned Saturn compact auto even though G.M. has said it will drop Firestone as a supplier for its existing models. The Saturn automobile, which will be built in Spring Hill, Tenn., is set for introduction in 1990. On Sunday, G.M. said it would sharply curtail its Firestone business and end its relationship with the supplier in two years. COMPANY NEWS | Saturn to Continue Firestone Supplies |
139803_2 | be the Ukraine, the second most populous Soviet republic and a leading producer of sugar beets. In Kiev, the Ukrainian capital, residents said the Government on April 1 began issuing rationing coupons entitling each consumer to 1.5 kilograms, or 3.3 pounds, of sugar a month. According to Government estimates, that is about 60 percent of the normal consumption of pure sugar in this sugar-loving society, where heavily sweetened tea, homemade jams and sugary cakes are staples of hospitality. Sugar shortages have caused widespread grumbling about unfairness and spawned a variety of rumors. One theory popular in the Ukraine is that sugar shortages there were engineered by the republic's Communist Party leader, Vladimir V. Shcherbitsky, who is regarded as a political foe of Mr. Gorbachev, in hopes of undermining the Soviet leader's popularity. Shortages in Riga Reported Aleksandr Podrabinek, the editor of an unofficial news bulletin called Ekspress Khronika, said he had been told of severe sugar shortages in Riga, the capital of the Latvian Republic, and in the eastern Ukrainian city of Dnepropetrovsk. In his home of Kirzhach, a town of 26,000 about 50 miles northeast of Moscow, ''there is no sugar at all, not even coupons,'' Mr. Podrabinek said. ''Some of the factories are giving sugar to their workers, one kilogram per person per month, but in others there is not even that.'' Sugar supplies in Moscow have been erratic, with many stores without any and others carrying sugar cubes but not the granulated variety preferred for home baking. According to residents in Odessa, a Ukrainian city on the Black Sea, distillers of the potent samogon have already begun to elude the Government rationing program by insisting that customers include a rationing coupon as part of the price for a bottle of rough, homemade vodka. Mr. Gorbachev's crusade against drunkenness began in the spring of 1985, and the Government credits the effort for improved health statistics, including a marked improvement in life expectancy for men and reductions in workplace injuries and alcohol-related crime. Making Up Lost Output But the Government has lost a significant amount of income from the drop in liquor sales. And the moonshining industry, mostly private stills operating in rural homes or city apartments, has grown so much that some specialists believe the illegal market has almost completely replaced the cutbacks in official liquor sales. Mr. Shmelev, the economist, said ending the controls was the best | Soviet Rations Sugar in Move to Foil Moonshiners |
133620_0 | LEAD: Prof. Eric A. Havelock, a scholar of Greek philosophy and politics, died Monday at his home in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. He was 84 years old. Prof. Eric A. Havelock, a scholar of Greek philosophy and politics, died Monday at his home in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. He was 84 years old. Professor Havelock, an advocate of classical study in the modern age, was appointed the Sterling Professor of Classics and chairman of the classics department at Yale University in 1963, posts he held until he retired in 1971. He moved to Yale after 16 years at Harvard, where he was professor of Greek and Latin and chairman of the classics department. He joined the Harvard faculty in 1947. Professor Havelock was born in London, attended the Leys School in Cambridge and graduated with highest honors and distinction in ancient philosophy from Emmanuel College, Cambridge University, in 1926. That year he began teaching, at Acadia Univeristy in Nova Scotia. He moved in 1929 to Victoria College in Toronto, where he taught until 1947. He wrote a series of books, ''History of the Greek Mind,'' and other works. Surviving are his wife, Christine, acting chairman of the fine arts department at Vassar College; a daughter, Joan Ellen Wheeler-Bennett of London; two sons, John Eric, of Juneau, Alaska, and Ronald Geoffrey, of Ann Arbor, Mich., and nine grandchildren. | Eric A. Havelock, 84, Professor of Classics |
133726_0 | LEAD: A 68-FOOT-HIGH neon cactus towers over the suburban prairie along Route 1 north of Boston, a commercial badlands of mini-malls, muffler shops and markdown liquor marts. This startlingly garish landmark beckons hungry passers-by to the Hilltop Steak House in Saugus, Mass., America's largest restaurant, both in number of customers served and sales volume. A 68-FOOT-HIGH neon cactus towers over the suburban prairie along Route 1 north of Boston, a commercial badlands of mini-malls, muffler shops and markdown liquor marts. This startlingly garish landmark beckons hungry passers-by to the Hilltop Steak House in Saugus, Mass., America's largest restaurant, both in number of customers served and sales volume. On a typical Saturday, the Hilltop, a sprawling Ponderosa that accommodates 1,300 carnivores, rustles up about 7,800 meals. It serves nearly 2.4 million customers annually, three times the volume of the nation's second-largest restaurant, Tavern on the Green in Manhattan. The Hilltop exceeded $27 million gross last year. A half mile down the road is Kowloon, a zany 1,200-seat Chinese-Polynesian-Thai restaurant that ranks as the fourth- or fifth-largest in gross income among the nation's independent Oriental eating establishments (industry statistics vary). Kowloon, which like the Hilltop is open year round seven days a week, served more than a million meals last year. The kitchen prepares so much shrimp that it buys supplies directly from China in container shiploads. To find two of America's largest restaurants virtually side by side in any major city would be remarkable. But it is especially so in Saugus (population 24,628; per-capita income about $12,500), a largely blue-collar town of boatyards, sheet-metal plants, machine shops and other small service companies. Route 1 is the economic artery that feeds this town about eight miles north of Boston. For a milelong stretch the highway is a Disneyland of family restaurants: iconographic marvels like the Ship Restaurant, with a life-size red schooner appended to the dining room; the Prince Restaurant, a pizza palace with a reproduction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the parking lot; the giant faux-timbered Continental, and the formidable Kowloon, featuring a grass-hut motif and snarling Polynesian totem poles. Most patrons are from within a 30-mile radius that embraces other working-class towns like Wakefield, Malden, Revere and Peabody, as well as more affluent communities like Lynfield, Winchester, Arlington and Salem. Families come to the restaurants seeking economy, not gastronomy, and no place dishes out bargains like the ones | Oh, to Dine in Saugus, Mass. |
132291_0 | LEAD: Readers who have rushed to have their horoscopes read at some moment of crisis in their lives should proceed forthwith to see the Aratea manuscript that has been lent by the University of Leiden, in the Netherlands, to the Pierpont Morgan Library. Though it is from the layman's point of view primarily a picture-book of the constellations, together with the mythological images that are associated with them, it also has a zodiacal interest. Readers who have rushed to have their horoscopes read at some moment of crisis in their lives should proceed forthwith to see the Aratea manuscript that has been lent by the University of Leiden, in the Netherlands, to the Pierpont Morgan Library. Though it is from the layman's point of view primarily a picture-book of the constellations, together with the mythological images that are associated with them, it also has a zodiacal interest. Names like Leo and Aquarius, and many others besides, will henceforth have a new echo for every visitor. In any case, it is not every day that we get to see close on 40 full-page paintings that were made in Lorraine during the fourth decade of the ninth century A.D. and that can be seen, as probably never before, disbound from the book of which they are a part. Thanks to the happy chance that the book was disbound last year in order that a facsimile of it could be published by Faksimile-Verlag in Lucerne, Switzerland, a New York showing was arranged, with the help of a grant from the Richard Lounsbery Foundation. Though scientific in its original intention, and prized as such by at least one great figure in the history of European humanism, the Aratea manuscript has its place in the history of art by reason of the fidelity with which it relates to its late antique models, and illustrates, thereby, the state of book production in the ancient world. Quite apart from its beguiling subject matter and vivacity of execution, the book has a historical importance that spans many centuries. It is based on an astronomical treatise called the ''Phaenomena,'' by Aratus, a Greek poet who lived from 314 to 245 B.C. We know from the Acts of the Apostles that the ''Phaenomena'' was quoted by St. Paul when he was in Athens. We also know that it was picked up by the Emperor Charlemagne, thanks to whom so much | Review/Art; Ninth-Century Views Of the Constellations |
137726_2 | on another such preserve in the mountain forest where their borders meet. Each of these multiuse projects would create ''biosphere reserves'' of totally protected core areas surrounded by buffer zones for sustainable economic development, ranging from forestry to subsistence agriculture and more efficient use of misused ranch and farm lands. In this way, the continued march of half-starved landless peasants into ever more marginal areas, to scratch out a miserable living from denuded and eroding hillsides, may yet be stopped. The San Juan River project would never have got off the ground if, in a sensational move last June, President Ortega had not suddenly canceled a contract with the Costa Rican lumber company that, having clear-cut much of Costa Rica, was now about to begin its clear-cutting operations across the border. What was saved is one of the last large stands of its kind in Central America and one of the most biologically rich and diverse tropical rain forests in the world. When news of the contract leaked out in 1986, a storm of protest erupted in Nicaragua. The Sandinista bureaucracy's response would have sounded familiar in Washington: Clearing out the forest was a national defense matter because it would also clear out the contras who had been operating from there - and, anyway, the $2.5 million annual revenue from the lumber operation far outweighed, in Nicaragua's straitened wartime economy, any long-term ecological damage. President Ortega's action not only insured preservation of the rain forest but opened the way for the agreement with Costa Rica to develop a comprehensive management structure for the entire San Juan watershed. Nicaragua's national parks director, Lorenzo Cardenal, says he hopes this will become ''a worldwide model of sustainable tropical rain forest development.'' The surest way to help the Central American people restore their economy and stabilize their politics would be to direct foreign aid money and expertise to this type of long-range conservation and development program. A tiny young organization called the Environmental Project on Central America has been a leader in American support for the San Juan program, and some larger American and foreign groups, including the Netherlands and Swedish Governments, strongly back it. Our Government is conspicuously absent. The Central Americans are beginning to learn that a deteriorating environment means deteriorating economics. Deteriorating economics in an undeveloped country means deteriorating politics. It is time we in the United States learned that lesson. | Greening Central America |
137230_5 | in the afternoon, which, he added, was very unusual, and the flights between New York and Washington's National Airport carried about 400 more passengers than the previous Thursday. Pan Am's shuttle had its best day ever last Friday, he said, and it also had its best Saturday ever. But a spokesman for Eastern said it was also experiencing very heavy loads on its shuttle and that there was no evidence that passengers were switching to Pan Am. The shuttle would be one of the first services to reflect a shift since no reservations are required. Switches by Passengers At La Guardia's Marine Air Terminal, from where Pan Am operates its shuttle, some passengers said that they had switched either earlier due to the better service at Pan Am or because of concerns over the current turmoil at Eastern. Jay Ciro, a broker with Prudential-Bache Securities who lives in Washington, said that he flew the Eastern shuttle to New York, but had switched to Pan Am after learning of the Federal investigation from his wife. But many Eastern shuttle travelers shrugged off the news while others said that they took whatever shuttle would leave closest to the time they got to the airport. Eastern flies every hour while Pan Am flies on the half-hour. Travel agents also reported some defections, while some station managers and personnel for other airlines said some passengers were willing to take the loss of a nonrefundable Eastern ticket to book on other airlines. Paula Musto, a spokeswoman for Eastern, said, ''We have not had a lot of reaction'' from passengers on the safety issue. She said that fewer than 1 percent of the callers to the airline's reservations number had mentioned safety as a consideration. SMOKE FORCES LANDING CLEVELAND, April 17 (Reuters) - A Continental Airlines jet with 104 passengers and 5 crew members made an emergency landing today after smoke filled the cabin, officials said. Three people were hospitalized for smoke inhalation, the officials said. A woman who suffered an asthma attack during the flight was also treated, they said. According to the police and officials at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, a Boeing 737 traveling from Newark to Cleveland developed smoke in the cabin shortly before landing. The police said that the smoke appeared to originate in the luggage compartment, apparently from a fire of undetermined origin that was put out after the plane landed. | CONTINENTAL LINE WILL BE INSPECTED FOR PLANE SAFETY |
137134_0 | LEAD: No one is likely to flunk a course in art appreciation for failing to recognize names like Constantino Brumidi, Lucien Lebaudt, Edward Simmons and Henry Oliver Walker, and yet the legacy of these painters is being cleaned, touched up, chemically stabilized and protected with a loving care not always accorded the works of Leonardo and Michelangelo. No one is likely to flunk a course in art appreciation for failing to recognize names like Constantino Brumidi, Lucien Lebaudt, Edward Simmons and Henry Oliver Walker, and yet the legacy of these painters is being cleaned, touched up, chemically stabilized and protected with a loving care not always accorded the works of Leonardo and Michelangelo. The reason is that these artists celebrated our national heritage in portraits, murals, friezes and frescoes on hundreds of public buildings from the Capitol in Washington to Coit Tower in San Francisco and Memorial Hall in Boston. ''Today there's a tremendous surge of interest in the restoration of public art,'' said Bernard Rabin, the 72-year-old dean of public art conservators, who heads the team restoring the fresco on the domed ceiling of the Capitol in Washington. The movement to rescue this work from cocoons of grime, the distress of age and decades of neglect dates to the early 1970's when the Nixon Administration's reorganization of the Postal Service led to a drive to restore post office murals painted in the Depression in a celebrated Works Progress Administration program. Work on 19 State Capitols Interest in restoration has broadened to include the earliest period of notable mural painting in the United States (1865 to 1910) and spread from post offices to other public buildings. A recent survey by the New York State Commission on the Restoration of the Capitol in Albany, for example, indicates that art restoration is planned or in progress in 19 state capitols. The most important Federal project of this kind is the cleaning, chemical stabilization and painting on the Capitol Rotunda, which has been a jungle of scaffolding since last June. The Capitol restoration is to be completed by Labor Day. Other important projects include restoration later this year of the 27 wall-sized frescoes of California life in Coit Tower, the San Francisco lookout atop Telegraph Hill, and restoration of the circular mural ''Law Through the Ages'' in the rotunda of the New York County Courthouse at 60 Centre Street, which started last month | From Walls and Halls, Art Heritage Emerges |
135386_1 | A Pastoral Response to Women's Concerns,'' will now be circulated among Catholics in the United States for comment. It may go through more revisions before a final draft is presented for a vote by the National Conference of Catholic Bishops in November 1989. If approved, it would effectively serve as a policy guide for the nation's Catholics. Some of the draft letter's strongest statements criticize the Catholic church itself. The bishops write that their effort to respond to concerns voiced by Catholic women ''has led us collectively to a profound examination of conscience.'' ''Sexist attitudes,'' they state, have ''colored church teaching and practice over the centuries.'' [ Excerpts, page A30. ] The draft gives special attention to the problems of single mothers and women employed outside the home. The letter endorses parental leaves without loss of job status or health and pension benefits, ''safe and affordable day care centers'' and measures compelling fathers to provide child support. The bishops support equal opportunity and affirmative action laws and note the value of ''flex-time, job sharing, comparable pay for comparable work.'' Women as Deacons Women, the bishops state, should be encouraged to preach, distribute Communion, serve on team ministries, provide spiritual direction, teach in seminaries and hold top administrative positions in dioceses, activities performed by relatively few Catholic women. The possibility of ordaining women as deacons, who can administer some sacraments but cannot say Mass, should be examined with dispatch, the bishops state. An ordained position just below the priesthood, the diaconate has been open to married men in recent years. ''Even more compelling,'' the bishops write, is the case of women serving as readers at Mass and altar servers. Although many women read the Scripture excerpts to the congregation at Mass, church rules do not formally provide for them to take this role. The Vatican has not yet taken action on a request from the United States bishops that a ban on female altar servers be lifted. The draft states that women's views and experience should be incorporated in the church's teaching on sexuality and birth control. ''We especially encourage a spirit of compassion toward those who in good conscience have not lived in accord with the ideal set forth by the church,'' the bishops add. Abortion Stance Praised Abortion is mentioned only briefly. The letter reports that the majority of Catholic women who submitted their views to the committee ''praised | Bishops' Panel Would Expand Role of Women |
135365_3 | Socialist passions seven years ago, the President is turning his party's idealism to other battles - defending the rights of the indigenous population of the distant Pacific territory of New Caledonia and, closer to home, protecting Arab immigrants pilloried by the National Front. Under the big tent, Mr. Mitterrand staked out a pro-immigrant stand that surprised many by its forthrightness. ''The sons and daughters of immigrants born in France are not immigrants; they are French,'' he declared to a burst of applause. ''I will say it in a loud voice: They are at home!'' On disarmament, the President similarly struck a responsive chord. ''If one does not disarm, one will have to overarm,'' he declared. ''I have taken the side of peace.'' A Message for Centrists, Too But aside from a special tax for the very wealthy, there was little in the Mitterrand message to alienate the kind of centrist voter that the President is trying to lure into his camp. Frenchmen of all persuasions were summoned to prepare the nation for the challenge of a European Community that will eliminate all trade barriers in 1992. ''We will exclude no one from the life of France,'' he said. ''The French -whoever they are, whatever their party, whatever their ideology - when the election is over there will be a dialogue, a sharing of responsibilities.'' Declaring that the conservative majority in the National Assembly included ''men of value and excellence,'' Mr. Mitterrand stirred a chorus of good-natured boos. ''No,'' he parried, joking, ''it even happens that I meet them sometime.'' ''We are not the good and they the bad,'' he said, ''even if they sometimes believe that they are the good and we are the bad.'' Ways of Gaining Exposure While Mr. Chirac continues to sustain a killing pace of rallies and speeches around the country, Mr. Mitterrand's leisurely schedule currently calls for him to appear at set-piece meetings only in Lyons, Montpellier and Paris before the first round of voting April 24. But the President's advisers say he will make a series of less than strenuous public appearances that will guarantee him television time. Mr. Mitterrand still leads in all opinion polls for the two-candidate runoff vote May 8, but Mr. Chirac is narrowing the gap. A new survey by the Ipsos organization gives the President 52 percent and the Prime Minister 48 percent, compared with a 55-45 spread at | Mitterrand Above the Campaign Trail |
135263_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Tens of thousands of abandoned cars litter the streets of New York City, as you attest in ''The Incredible Hulks'' (editorial, March 27). You recommend better enforcement and prevention of new automobile registration as solutions. While these remedies may do some good, they are unlikely to do much to stem the tide. At the risk of venturing a dim assessment of my fellow citizens, I believe fines and other punishments are merely taken to be part of the costs and benefits of surviving in a big city. The hundreds of thousands of parking-ticket scofflaws, the thousands who do not have proper auto insurance, the tax cheats, are all an indication of this. If there is a danger of not being reregistered, the New Yorker will dump his car in New Jersey and vice versa. Incentives are likely to accomplish more. In Sweden, a significant sum is built into the cost of a new car, which is retrieved when the car is turned over to a wrecking company. If New Jersey, New York and Connecticut managed to cooperate, legislation could be passed that would add about $500 to the purchase price of a new automobile. When the car was ready for the wrecker, the owner would have a strong incentive to leave the car at the appropriate metal-recycling location. Such a policy is especially attractive because the value of an old car plummets, while the recovery fee would remain constant (disregarding inflation). The last user of a car would probably be the poorest and have a strong incentive to recover the fee. The fee would also prompt industry to keep up its involvement in recycling. This fee would provide incentives for disposing properly of vehicles, with a relatively small involvement of government. Without such incentives, New York City will continue to turn into a large vehicular garbage dump. JEFFREY LEVINTON Professor and Chairman Dept. of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York Stony Brook, L.I., March 27, 1988 | Sweden Has a Better Way of Dealing With Dead Automobiles |
135338_0 | LEAD: Following are excerpts from the conclusion of a draft pastoral letter on women issued today by Roman Catholic bishops in the United States: Following are excerpts from the conclusion of a draft pastoral letter on women issued today by Roman Catholic bishops in the United States: I give you a new commandment: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you also should love one another. This is how all will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another (Jn. 13:34-35). Today is a time of challenge and change for men and women. Each day more barriers to the full recognition of their equality before God fall, more stereotypes crumble, more doors open. Women value the church's recognition that they are a vital force in the world. They embrace the expanded roles open to them since Vatican Council II. They bring knowledge, education, skills, and leadership to both society and the church. For Catholic women the church is home. It is through the church that they worship God, serve others, and seek guidelines for how to live in society in keeping with the full dignity of their calling to be persons and partners, to be the people of God, in an unjust and imperfect world. Thrust of Our Heritage Like Mary, women refuse to lose courage; they will not give up hope. They believe in the basic thrust of our heritage which holds that we are to ''preserve the unity of the spirit through the bond of peace: One body and one Spirit, . . . one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all'' (Eph. 4:3-5). To be faithful to our heritage scripturally and doctrinally means to respect the dignity of each human person, male and female. To follow Jesus means to be committed to living out just relationships in the church and in the world. To become the kind of church God invites us to be means to work in solidarity with the poor, the rich, the sinners, with persons of distinction. The mystery of partnership in the church is manifest in our baptismal call to faith and holiness as part of the little flock of Christ (cf. Lk. 12:32). To live in Christ is the invitation all receive (cf. Gal. 3:28); to belong to Christ is the | Excerpts From Draft Pastoral Letter on Women by Catholic Bishops in U.S. |
135410_2 | development is done by the manufacturing sector. ''Productivity is higher and grows faster here than elsewhere,'' the report stressed, adding that the production of United States manufacturing companies accounted for 60 percent of the gross domestic product. Kodak, like other manufacturing companies, insists that ''a competitive manufacturing sector is critical to the ability of the United States to reduce its indebtedness without harm to our standard of living.'' James J. Drury, managing director of the Chicago office of SpencerStuart, a management recruiting firm, said last week that ''manufacturing activity is up and the outlook is buoyant, particularly in the Midwest, where basic manufacturing clients account for more than half of our current searches in that region.'' Searches for senior executives averaging $150,000 salaries is at a record high, and the emphasis is on the manufacturing sector. He agreed that the theme ''The Rust Belt is back'' is being echoed by more major manufacturing executives. It is reflected in the number of searches the firm has been asked to conduct recently, partly because the weak dollar has helped make exports more attractive. What does this mean for jobs? In recent years, Robert Lear, an executive-in-residence at Columbia University's Graduate School of Business Administration, has been urging new M.B.A.'s to take jobs after graduation in a company's production sector. He has long called this an ideal place to start to climb. For the last few years new M.B.A.'s, especially the brightest, flocked to Wall Street financial firms, lured by high salaries. With October's stock market crash, they are less interested in Wall Street. The new lure is in the production sector. Carnegie Mellon University's Graduate School of Industrial Administration reports that its 138 students about to earn M.B.A.'s this spring had received 224 offers by last week, up from 148 the previous month and about the same as last year's, according to Dean Elizabeth E. Bailey. There were 26 job offers in production, compared with only 9 a year ago. Offers in management consulting totaled 49, compared with 54 a year ago. Job offers in investment banking amounted to 5 in April, compared with 23 a year ago. The median salary offered for all sectors was $44,000, up about $2,000 from last year's level. However, salaries for production jobs rose to a median of $44,000, from $40,000 last year, indicating the new emphasis on attracting well-trained M.B.A.'s to help solve production problems. | Careers; Prospects In Industry Improving |
136578_0 | LEAD: WHILE the award of the first patent for a higher form of life, given to Harvard Medical School researchers for genetically altered mice, captured the attention of researchers this week, honors were given for inventions in other areas. WHILE the award of the first patent for a higher form of life, given to Harvard Medical School researchers for genetically altered mice, captured the attention of researchers this week, honors were given for inventions in other areas. Four scientists on a Merck & Company research team in Rahway, N.J., were named co-winners of the 1988 Inventor of the Year award. The award is given by Intellectual Property Owners Inc., an organization concerned with patents, trademarks and copyrights. The winners were selected for inventing lovastatin, the first of a new class of drugs to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration for reduction of cholesterol levels. The $4,000 cash award will be divided among Alfred W. Alberts, Georg Albers-Schonberg, Richard L. Monaghan and the estate of the late Carl H. Hoffman. Five others with industrial achievements were honored as Distinguished Inventors of 1988. They are Elbert L. Ruten, Janine Jagger, Charles L. Dumoulin, Christopher J. Hardy and James J. Duffy. | Patents; Cholesterol Drug Brings Honors to 4 |
138883_4 | great deal more troubled than had been publicly known. The science of testing for the effects of wind, which has become quite sophisticated in the last decade, was relatively primative in the years when the Hancock Tower was designed, and neither engineers nor building codes took into account the effect of gravity on a building that had already begun to sway slightly in the wind. Mr. LeMessurier reveals here that Bruno Thurlimann, a Swiss engineer who was an expert on steel structures, and A. G. Davenport, a Canadian expert on wind engineering, discovered a problem with the Hancock Tower far more dangerous than the falling windows - the unnerving possibility that in certain wind conditions the Hancock Tower had some risk of total collapse. Even more bizarre than the simple fact of collapse was the specific kind of collapse the engineers envisioned - that the tower's narrow end could fall, not its long end, as if a book standing upright fell on its binding, not on its face. The long end is more vulnerable to the effects of wind, since it faces into the wind like a sail, but as a result, Mr. LeMessurier explains, it had already been designed to be three times as stiff as the narrow end. The narrow end had less strength to it, and in the original plans engineers failed to take into account the effect of gravity - acting on the weaker side of the structure -as the building swayed in the wind. This could have accentuated the problem to the point of causing the narrow side to collapse entirely. Ultimately, it took the expenditure of $5 million and 1,650 tons of extra steel beams to stiffen the vulnerable narrow side. This effort followed the installation of two 300-ton weights called tuned mass dampers, on the 58th floor. These weights stabilized the building and helped reduce its sway in the wind. The dampers were developed by Mr. LeMessurier and were similar to weights he had placed at the top of Citicorp Center in New York to mitigate the problems of that building's sway in the wind. In Boston, however, the huge weights were not part of the original design but were added after the building was complete since the degree to which the Hancock Tower would sway had not been properly predicted. Then, of course, there were the famous falling windows. According to Mr. | Architecture View; A Novel Design And Its Rescue From Near Disaster |
139039_12 | studies have shown that women who delay pregnancy to age 30 or later increase their risk. A woman who has her first child when she is 30 is three times more likely to develop breast cancer than a woman who has her first child while still a teen-ager. (Studies indicate that abortions and miscarriages at any age also increase risk.) For a while, researchers thought they had found an important clue in the study of diet and alcohol consumption. The notion that diet was an important factor became particularly appealing when female laboratory animals on high-fat diets were found to develop breast cancer, while those fed low-fat foods remained healthy. This finding seemed supported by the fact that in Asian countries such as Japan, where diets are very low in fat, there are one-fourth the number of breast cancer cases found in the United States and other Western countries. But the fat story had a few holes. Other studies comparing adult women on high-fat and low-fat diets showed no difference in their rates of breast cancer. Many experts now subscribe to the theory that, if it does increase the risk of breast cancer, a fatty diet saddles the body with that risk during the teen-age years. Similarly, leading scientists who study the relationship of alcohol consumption to breast cancer suspect that if the two are linked, the cause-effect relationship is established during the teens and 20's. For many women, then, the die may be cast already. ELLEN KINGSLEY, A 36-year-old television reporter in Washington, had a diagnosis of breast cancer three years ago. Her case highlights the concerns of premenopausal women, who constitute roughly 25 percent of breast cancer patients. For research purposes and in treatment, menopause marks an all-important dividing line. While the disease is the same, the remedies and the issues -child-bearing chief among them -are often different. Older women whose disease has spread to the lymph nodes can sometimes be treated with tamoxifen, a drug that blocks the female sex hormone, estrogen. Tamoxifen severs the estrogen ''lifeline'' to the tumor cells; without estrogen, the cancerous cells stop multiplying. For reasons that are not entirely clear, tamoxifen does not have the same beneficial effect in younger women whose cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. They must follow the traditional chemotherapy route, with its attendant hair loss, nausea and vomiting and, surprisingly, weight gain, often of up to | Breat Cancer: Anguish, Mystery and Hope |
139236_0 | LEAD: Melanesian separatists holding 27 French police officers hostage on the small island of Ouvea demanded today that regional elections scheduled for Sunday in this French Pacific territory be canceled. Melanesian separatists holding 27 French police officers hostage on the small island of Ouvea demanded today that regional elections scheduled for Sunday in this French Pacific territory be canceled. They also demanded that the French Government call off a helicopter search for the hostages, who were seized Friday after the separatists attacked a police station on Ouvea, an atoll that is 190 miles from Noumea, the New Caledonian capital. Three French officers were killed and five were wounded in the attack. A spokesman for the police in Noumea, who asked not to be identified, said a search for the abductors and the hostages involving hundreds of officers was under way. The captors were believed to have split into groups. Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said in Paris that the Minister for Overseas Territories, Bernard Pons, had been sent to New Caledonia to show French resolve. Indigenous Melanesians, who make up 43 percent of the territory's population of 145,000, oppose French rule. They boycotted a referendum in September in which 98 percent of those who voted, mostly European settlers, favored keeping the island colony under French control. | New Caledonia Rebels Demand Halt to Vote |
133530_0 | LEAD: While the Nicaraguan Government and the contras are negotiating a peace settlement, the Reagan Administration is considering ways to tighten the trade embargo that it imposed on Nicaragua three years ago, Administration and Congressional officials say. While the Nicaraguan Government and the contras are negotiating a peace settlement, the Reagan Administration is considering ways to tighten the trade embargo that it imposed on Nicaragua three years ago, Administration and Congressional officials say. President Reagan ordered the embargo in May 1985 to disrupt the Nicaraguan economy and to put pressure on the Sandinista leadership. But one of the major Nicaraguan exports, coffee, continues to reach the American market. It is sold primarily by gourmet food stores and through churches and other nonprofit institutions that support the Nicaraguan Government. The coffee enters the United States legally through third countries, which roast and package it. The primary sources for the beans are Canada and Belgium. The new trade restraints would also apply to Nicaraguan shrimp, another product that is processed and packaged in third countries. Americans that import the coffee, mostly small businesses and food cooperatives, said the Administration had previously listed the shrimp and coffee as the products of the third countries. The Administration will now redefine them as strictly Nicaraguan. Administration officials declined to comment on the new policy, but they confirmed that the Administration had prepared a ruling to block imports of the coffee and shrimp. The value of the shrimp and coffee processed in the third countries is not clear, but in the case of the coffee, it does not appear to exceed a few million dollars. Importers said that Belgium and Canada, in processing the coffee, had been considered the countries of origin and exempt from the embargo. But the Office of Foreign Assets Control, the arm of the Treasury Department that enforces embargoes, has prepared a new ruling redefining the coffee as Nicaraguan. The regulation, which the Treasury Department can adopt, would take effect 30 days after it is published in the Federal Register. A copy of the ruling said, ''For example, Nicaraguan coffee that is decaffeinated, roasted, ground and packaged in a third country will not be considered sufficiently transformed to lose its Nicaraguan identity.'' The document was signed by R. Richard Newcomb, the director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control. It has not been signed by Francis A. Keating, the Assistant Treasury Secretary | U.S. Moves to Ban Nicaraguan Coffee |
133431_4 | obstacles to slow the water flow and by laying down hay and nettings to hold together eroded hillsides. Scientists then decided that to control erosion, they needed the same heavy equipment that had caused the destruction. Logging roads have been torn apart, and bulldozers have pushed the dirt back up on the hillsides. Mud and logs and boulders have been lifted from gullies, and backhoes have returned streams to their natural channels. Road graders and other equipment have contoured gently sloping hillsides to form new meadows. The aim is rebuilding the natural drainage system, thus promoting natural growth of trees and shrubs. The $33 million project, which began in the late 1970's, is halfway completed, park employees say. The work in Redwood Park is one of several large projects the Government has sponsored to encourage land restoration. In 1977, the first Federal law mandating restoration, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, took effect, requiring energy companies to replace topsoil and restore landscapes ripped open by miners. In 1985, Congress approved a program to remove up to 45 million acres of highly erodible cropland from farming. Around the world, governments are turning to restorationists for help in rebuilding ecosystems. In Costa Rica, for instance, Dr. Daniel H. Janzen, a professor of biology at the University of Pennsylvania, is working to create a 430-square-mile tropical dry forest from an area of savannas, farmlands, pastures and devastated forest land. And Dr. Anitra Thorhaug, a biologist from Florida International University in Miami, is helping governments in Asia restore mangrove swamps. From Subduing Nature to Healing ''For most of our history, we have viewed nature as something that needed to be subdued,'' said Mr. Berger of Restoring the Earth. ''Now it's clear that we've proved our dominance. The challenge today is to heal the damage.'' The message is becoming more popular in the Rocky Mountain region, where cattle ranchers have been battling environmentalists for decades over grazing on the high plains. Since 1985, 3,000 ranchers and Government specialists have attended courses at the Center for Holistic Resource Management, a private education center in Albuquerque, N.M. They learned that herds are vital to sustaining grasslands. The trick is to keep them moving. Animal droppings return organic matter to the soil. Hooves break up the dry surface, allowing seeds to penetrate. The animals also churn the ground, aerating it, and litter the surface with stems and | Restoration of Environment Emerges as a Major Goal |
133551_3 | had not paid his state taxes. The State House of Representatives impeached the Governor by a 46-to-14 vote on Feb. 5 in what was tantamount to an indictment. A few days later, the House approved and sent to the Senate three broad articles of impeachment. Trial Prejudice Feared Besides the two charges voted today, the House impeached Mr. Mecham on charges that the Governor violated state campaign financing laws by concealing a $350,000 campaign loan from a Tempe developer. But the Senate, which sat as judge and jury, last week voted to dismiss that article without hearing any evidence. The surprise decision stunned even the motion's sponsors. Several Senators said they voted to dimiss the article, considered the most serious of the three, to avoid prejudicing Mr. Mecham's April 21 criminal trial on the same charge. The last governor to be impeached was Henry Horton of Tennessee, who was acquitted in 1931. The last governor to be convicted in an impeachment trial was Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma, who was found quilty in 1929 of working with the Ku Klux Klan. Since the the United States was formed, 16 governors have been impeached and Mr. Mecham is the seventh to be convicted. In arguments before today's votes, Senator Jan Brewer, a Republican, said she felt Mr. Mecham ''made a serious error,'' but added, ''I do not think it is sufficient to remove him from office.'' But Jesus Higuera, a Democrat from Window Rock who voted to convict. said, ''The only defense we've heard is ignorance of the law.'' Pictured as a Ruthless Crook The trial had concluded with prosecutors portraying Mr. Mecham, the first Republican Governor in Arizona in 12 years, as a ruthless crook who lied, cheated and bullied to get his way. In their closing arguments, Mr. Mecham's defense lawyers described the Governor as a victim of a political witchhunt. They portrayed him as a crusader persecuted by powerful enemies who have ''twisted and tortured'' the facts to ''bring down this administration.'' In a cross between a revival meeting and country fair, about 300 supporters of the Governor rallied outside the Senate. They danced and clapped to a warbling, turquoise-clad soul and country duo, which sang a tune called ''My Heart's on Fire for Ev,'' and a brass band, The Brunson Brothers, which belted out ''Flight of the Bumble Bee'' and several other jazzed-up versions of the classics. | Arizona's Senate Ousts Governor, Voting Him Guilty of Misconduct |
132539_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Herbert R. Axelrod (letter, March 5), who attacks regulation of fishing and traffic in wild animals in the Amazon region, shows poor understanding of fish ecology in flood-plain and riverine forests. The pioneering work of Michael Goulding has proven that fish play a critical role in dispersing seeds in these ecosystems. Many fish depend on tree fruits for sustenance, while the trees rely on fish to disperse their seeds out of the still waters of the flood-plain forests and against the river currents. Examination of the stomach contents of piranhas has shown that what Mr. Axelrod dismisses as ''ridiculous theory'' is fact. Some species of piranhas ingest large quantities of seeds, although they are primarily seed predators. At a certain time of year, Amazonian fishermen know the species of fish that can be caught under given species of trees. They use seeds or fruits for bait. Collecting and shipping tropical fish can be a successful enterprise in the developing world, although it is absurd to think they are ''the largest single replenishable resource available to most third world countries,'' compared with plants of the tropical forest. Mr. Axelrod notwithstanding, regulating the traffic in wildlife is needed to keep resources replenishable. He laments the work of ''do-gooders,'' which has supposedly diminished the export of Amazonian animals, thereby exacerbating the misery of ''starving villagers.'' Most of these species of animals are collected in regions where relatively undisturbed habitats predominate and where few people go hungry. From more than five years' experience with the Arawete, Asurini, Guaja, Kaapor and Tembe societies in the area, we can say that these Indians export no animal species for sale. Their diets are more than adequate, the result of strategies of fish, game and plant management evolved over thousands of years. Mr. Axelrod observes that the Indians ''kill everything without thought of wildlife conservation.'' Indians certainly do not kill everything, as any anthropologist who has worked in Amazonia knows, if only because the Indians have taboos on numerous game and fish species, as well as ritual injunctions that seem to control the exploitation of these irreplaceable resources. If the Indians only know how to ''conserve their own lives,'' they have clearly learned how to do so without selling wildlife and impoverishing Amazonian forests at the same time. WILLIAM BALEE DOUGLAS DALY Bronx, March 18, 1988 The writers are, respectively, a | Amazon Wildlife Traffic Needs Regulating |
138706_1 | percent saving is obviously what makes a used car so attractive. But how can you be sure you aren't buying trouble? You can't. But you can certainly minimize the possibility by knowing what to look for. It also helps to have a friend who is a mechanic and to carry a rabbit's foot. First, of course, you have to know what you want. If you are like most shoppers, you will be looking for a car that is three to five years old. There are a lot of good vehicles of that vintage, but it pays to be finicky, especially if the car looks as if it just rolled out of the paint shop. Fresh paint can tell you some bad things. For instance, the car may have been in an accident, or saltwater may have ravaged the metal. It may mean the body simply received no care, and that provides a clue to the attention paid to its innards as well. New paint is easy to spot if you look for overspray on chrome and on the rubber around the doors. See if the doors themselves fit well. Badly aligned body panels are another indication of an accident. Ripples in the metal will tell you the same thing, so do your shopping when the light is good. Never mount your search for a car at night or in the rain, since both can make rust buckets look like silver streaks. Rain also makes it impossible to spot puddles under the car. The puddles - which shouldn't be there -can come from the transmission, radiator, engine or brakes, and any leak can mean expensive repairs. While you are down there looking, check the tires. If the front tires show irregular wear, it is likely the car has bad ball joints or needs alignment or both. Irregularly worn tires on the rear may mean the same thing, since the seller probably switched them. Start the engine and while it's warming up, cock an ear. The engine will be noisiest when cold, and any clicks, clacks or clatters ought to serve as alarm bells. Walk behind the car, and check the exhaust. If there is blue smoke, the car is an oil-burner and may need piston rings or valve guides, both big-ticket items. Once the engine is warm, check the fluids. If the car has an automatic transmission, pull the dipstick with | Coping/With Buying a Used Car |
138803_1 | 600 more would leave this year, almost double what Eastern had expected. Not only are pilots leaving but an unusually large number have been taking sick leave, Mr. Croucher said. For example, he added, 295 pilots took time off in February, double the past rates. Some industry analysts say that Eastern's difficulties, and the cancellations in particular, have led passengers to defect to other carriers, cutting into Eastern's bookings. Because a canceled flight also affects connecting flights, Eastern's cancellations have rippled through its system. The analysts and executives contend that the pilot shortage is the biggest threat to Eastern's long-term viability. It is more critical, they say, than either the Federal Aviation Administration's current safety investigation of Eastern or the carrier's struggle to reach a new contract with the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers union. But the analysts believe that Eastern is in no immediate financial danger. Although the carrier lost $181.6 million last year, it has built up about $550 million in cash in anticipation of a possible machinists strike. The company is also entering into its better traveling season, when its cash flow improves. ''Everyone is picking up incremental traffic from Eastern,'' said Edward Starkman, an analyst at Paine Webber. He noted that Eastern's flights were 62.6 percent full in March, a 5 percent drop from March 1987. The flights of all major airlines, including Eastern, flew 64.8 percent full in March, down 1 percent from a year ago. In March, Eastern was second worst in the industry in terms of the number of complaints per 1,000 passengers to the Department of Transportation, surpassed only by Continental, Texas Air's other big subsidiary. Eastern ranked fourth at the end of 1987. In some instances, when Eastern has canceled flights, the airline's employees have had to call the police to maintain order among crowds of furious passengers. One analyst, who requested anonymity, said that, when an airline begins to cancel more than 4 percent of its daily flights on a consistent basis, it starts to lose many customers, particularly business travelers. There have been days, according to Eastern managers, when cancellations have exceeded 5 percent. Exodus Since Early 1987 There has been a continuing exodus of pilots from Eastern since early 1987. In the last 15 months, 700 to 800 pilots have left or given notice. Although Eastern has hired 376 new pilots since last August, the total | EXODUS OF PILOTS IS CAUSING EASTERN TO CANCEL FLIGHTS |
135102_5 | New York Mercantile Exchange, May contracts for West Texas Intermediate, the leading United States crude, stood at $16.88 a barrel. More important, such action would establish a new principle of cooperation between the 28-year-old OPEC and the group of newer oil producers that is beginning to act in concert for the first time. However, the level of cohesiveness of the non-OPEC group is far from clear. Nor is it clear what price level it desires or how long its commitment will last. Britain, a major non-OPEC producer whose output from the North Sea stands at 2.5 million barrels a day, has adamantly opposed any attempt to regulate oil prices. U.S. Opposes Coalitions The United States, which produces 8.3 million barrels a day and is the major non-OPEC producer, is vehemently opposed to international oil organizations of any sort. However, this nation's impact is limited because it consumes all the oil it produces and even imports some five million barrels a day. Britain does not export much oil either. The Soviet Union, which produces 12.6 million barrels a day, has been long on promises to OPEC and short on action, as has Norway. Soviet dependence on oil exports for 60 percent of the country's hard currency revenues is seen as a major obstacle to any reduction of these exports to help OPEC. Norway has also failed to restrain its ever-rising production, despite promises to do so. OPEC is betting, however, that like other oil producers, the Soviet Union and Norway may see the wisdom of producing less oil if their revenues are substantially raised by higher prices. In the meantime, the seven producers of the non-OPEC group that will attend the meeting control production of close to nine million barrels of oil a day, a substantial part of it destined for exports that do affect world market prices. What is certain is that the meeting is a world event of sorts, the first time so many oil producers will gather in one place with the purpose of raising oil prices. A finely tuned accord is too much to hope for, even OPEC officials conceded. But they said this was the beginning of a new era in which a dialogue has been started that can only fortify the sagging fortunes of the world oil industry. ''What is important is the will to act,'' said Mr. Nadi, Algeria's Oil Minister. ''We have that.'' | New Hopes for a Global Oil Coalition |
135149_1 | has been soaring as investors rush to cash in on the boom. Last year, 2,000 rooms were added, to give the country a total of 12,000 rooms in about 180 hotels, according to Fernando Rainieri, the 39-year-old Minister of Tourism. Twenty-five more hotels are being finished this year, he said, which will give the Dominican Republic, which shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti and lies just east of Puerto Rico, a total of 16,100 rooms, the greatest number of tourist accommodations of any country in the region. The secret to the Dominican Republic's success, Dominican officials and experts in tourism say, is price. ''We are the best value for comparable service in the Caribbean,'' Mr. Rainieri said. Tours Packaged in the U.S. Vacations in the Dominican Republic are sold extensively through tour packagers in the United States, Canada and Europe. During the peak winter season, Liberty Travel, one of the largest travel agencies in the United States, offers round-trip air fare from New York and seven nights in a hotel in the north coast resort area of Puerto Plata for as low as $545. There are a few less-expensive weeklong packages available on other islands, travel agents said, but they tend to be in hotels that are older and less impressive than most of those in the Dominican Republic. Futhermore, the strength of the dollar in contrast to the Dominican peso makes meals, taxis, boat rentals and tours among the least expensive in the Caribbean. As the country's farm crops -sugar, coffee and cocoa - have fallen in value in the world market, tourism has become by far the largest money-maker for the Dominican Republic, bringing in about $570 million last year, or nearly twice as much as the three main agricultural products combined. 'A Major Change in the Economy' ''We are witnessing a major change in the economy of the Dominican Republic,'' said Eduardo Latorre, an economist and sugar expert who heads a private foundation that helps finance small business ventures. Mr. Rainieri said he expects 150,000 more tourists this year, an increase of 22 percent, for a total of 825,000. Some experts in tourism said Mr. Rainieri may be overly optimistic, given the general decline in tourism in the Caribbean this past winter season, which resulted in part from the stock market crash last fall. He added, however, that the Dominican Republic's growth continues to surge. Tourism | Dominican Republic Tourism Surges |
207392_5 | below the prime rate, with mortgage payments deducted from salary. ''About 800 employees now hold mortgages from the company,'' he said, ''with about 100 a year being added annually. Most of those being helped make less than $40,000 a year. This has proved beneficial in attracting people and in retaining our trained people. It also provides a great public relations benefit with both employees and the community.'' Free Mortgage Insurance Janet S. Gordon, associate treasurer of the University of Pennsylvania, said the university offered both faculty and staff members, including clerical workers, free 100 percent mortgage insurance on loans by a Philadelphia lender to buy homes in specified neighborhoods surrounding the campus. By lowering or eliminating down payments, this has dramatically increased the number of employees who can buy homes while surrounding the university with a community of its own faculty and staff that has revitalized these urban neighborhoods. ''The university puts no money into it,'' Ms. Gordon said. ''There have been only 2 defaults in 2,300 mortgages. With the university's 100 percent guarantee, the bank will lend 100 percent of the purchase price. The mortgages have gone primarily to first-time home buyers.'' Variations being tried by other companies and institutions include down-payment loans or grants, often with the company holding a second mortgage with a deferred payback. In other cases, companies negotiate volume discounts on mortgage interest rates or buy down interest rates to open the door to otherwise unqualified buyers. Mr. Schwartz said he expected New Jersey to encourage these and other approaches by adopting his proposed Employer-Assisted Community Housing Fund Act. The proposal, passed 75 to 0 in the Assembly in September and pending in the Senate, would create the first state fund in the nation to provide financial assistance to employers who help eligible employees with housing. Companies would receive $1 in matching funds for every $3 they spend on approved housing aid to employees. They would get loans for loan programs and outright grants if they offer employees grants. Unions Also Play a Role Unions also have begun to bargain for housing aid from employers. Bruce Marks, housing director of Local 26 of the Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union in Boston, reported to the conference on obtaining this month the first union housing benefit in the country. The 5,000-member union will receive $1 million over three years for such aid as reductions in down payments | Companies Help Employees Buy Homes |
207321_2 | teaches Ned to steal, gamble, shoot pool, and carouse with as seedy a crew of rednecks, derelicts and hustlers as the reader is likely to encounter in a contemporary novel. So accurate and sustained are Mr. Russo's depictions of lunatic drunk talk and petty pool-hall violence that they become almost surreal, as well as blackly funny. But as Ned ruefully admits, such scenes are comic only in retrospect. When he goes to college - as far away and in as warm a climate as possible - he carries with him all manner of self-destructive impulses, including a raging misogyny (of which this book takes a far more clear-eyed view than most male-buddy novels) and an obsession with gambling that causes him to lose big money even to college professors who gambled ''once a month to maintain the relatively inexpensive illusion that they were normal people, real guys.'' As Ned's mother gradually fades from the novel after her breakdown - an event described with heart-rending precision - Ned's father, Sam, looms ever larger, imparting to Mr. Russo's tone a gruff affability that grows directly from Sam's character as Mohawk's favorite bad boy. Like Ned, we despise Sam for his loutish irresponsibility (which puts him at the bottom of the insurance risk pool alluded to in the title) even as we fall under his dubious spell and dangerous charm. ''Things get bad'' is his philosophy (delivered to Ned following a drunken brawl that lands them in the emergency room). ''It's nothing to worry about. It doesn't mean a thing.'' In line with this boozy stoicism, Mr. Russo has devised an ingenious narrative method in which events seem to be building toward resolutions or epiphanies only to keep crashing in on themselves and lurching forward again, leaving eerie gaps in the story that resemble blackouts. Between his mother's Librium-induced babblings and his father's good-ol'-boy secretiveness, Ned is reduced to piecing together fragments of the story from anecdotes overheard in bars and diners. Yet seemingly random images and subplots do ultimately coalesce, and Ned finds temporary equilibrium by finally moving in with a woman who is almost as terrified of becoming like her parents as he is. One warning. Readers may be disappointed if they listen to the book's advertising, which promises an ''old-fashioned,'' ''Garp''-like novel with lovable characters. In fact, this is a superbly original, maliciously funny book, peopled by characters that most | 'THINGS GET BAD,' SAYS DAD |
207332_3 | Harry Truman in anguished conversation with a Hiroshima housewife and a G. I. Joe over whether or not he ought to drop the bomb. That image, often invoked as a paradigm for the intractable nature of moral judgments, conveniently overlooks Truman's own claim that he never lost a night's sleep over it. Mr. Barber's own position is that the political order, particularly democracy, has an autonomous structure and an imperative that calls for participants, not theorists. While the thinker is welcome to explore the political, he must remain faithful to its exigencies and not import philosophy's alien gods. Any marriage of philosophy to politics is ''tantamount to the subjugation of one partner to the other.'' The claim that philosophy can be a threat to the autonomy of the political realm is certainly not new. Rather, it is but the most recent volley in a longstanding feud that begins, in the West at least, with the Athenian indictment and execution of Socrates and Plato's response in ''The Republic,'' which enshrines the philosopher as the only fit ruler. Once the civil war between philosophy and politics erupted into the republic of letters, it continued unabated: Aristotle quarreling with Isocrates, Cicero berating his Stoic colleagues for their self-indulgent choice of the theoretical life, Machiavelli's ''Prince'' contradicting St. Thomas More's ''Utopia'' and so on. Viewed in the broad sweep of history, I am not so sure this battle of the books, even when it is most acrimonious, is as destructive as Mr. Barber seems to think. I am certain that eliminating the philosopher (even the most theoretical) from the conversation would not only cut the theorist adrift in an even more abstract world but also would spell political tragedy. Perhaps if Mr. Barber more consistently applied his dialectical standards, he might be more inclined to view the tension generated by the philosopher and politician locked in argument as actually quite creative. He might be less inclined to read out of the political discussion so many of the great thinkers of the tradition (Aristotle, Kant and Hegel, for example), along with more current philosophers like Jurgen Habermas and Hannah Arendt. Mr. Barber's unease with philosophy carries over into his understanding of the political order as chiefly a reckoning with consequences where truth plays, at most, a minor role. Such a constricted view may well betray the very fault Mr. Barber so astutely diagnoses in others; | KEEP THINKERS IN THEIR PLACE |
207635_0 | LEAD: A United Nations investigation into human rights violations in Cuba, demanded by the Reagan Administration this year, has concluded that such abuses have declined, diplomats and officials say. A United Nations investigation into human rights violations in Cuba, demanded by the Reagan Administration this year, has concluded that such abuses have declined, diplomats and officials say. The United Nations team, which visited Cuba from Sept. 16 to 25, found evidence that only 121 long-term political prisoners were still being held in Cuban jails. It also received complaints of human rights violations from about 1,700 Cuban citizens. More than half of these, however, were from people saying they could not leave the country, and many of the others concerned harassment of small Protestant denominations like the Seventh-day Adventists. The six-member team brought back little evidence of torture or inhumane conditions in Cuban prisons and detention centers, these diplomats and officials say. In August 1987 the Reagan Administration estimated that 15,000 political prisoners were being held in Cuba. Amnesty International, the human rights group, said then that it thought the number of political prisoners in Cuba was from 430 to as many as several thousand. Battle Is Expected Some diplomats attribute the improvement to the commission's decision in March to investigate, prompting Cuba to comply more fully with the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights before the team arrived. As a result, they say, the Reagan Administration achieved its central goal of increasing respect for fundamental human rights in Cuba. Nevertheless, diplomats here expect a battle when the Human Rights Commission reconvenes next month. Cuba is expected to say it has been exonerated by the investigation and to demand that the United Nations end all surveillance of its human rights performance. The Bush Administration and other Governments are expected to press the Human Rights Commission to continue to monitor Cuba's record. These diplomats say Cuba's top expert on the Human Rights Commission, Alfonso Martinez, recently returned to the Cuban Mission to the United Nations here, apparently to prepare for the commission meeting. Mr. Martinez is credited with blunting much of the Reagan Administration's attack on Cuba's human rights record at this year's commission session. The U.S. Initiative The 43-member commission meets in Geneva each year to hear complaints about violations of the United Nations human rights code. While the commission cannot compel governments to change their behavior, it can sometimes | U.N. TELLS OF GAINS ON RIGHTS IN CUBA |
208068_2 | the debt crisis is required if you're going to get light into those tunnels.'' The Unicef report says there have been some welcome areas of improvement. It says that in the last decade, the proportion of children in the developing world who are immunized against major diseases has risen from 5 to 50 percent. This means the saving of 1.5 million lives a year, and the prevention of 200,000 new cases of polio, Unicef says. Oral rehydration therapy has greatly reduced diarrhea diseases, the report says. Birth-control information is more widely available, allowing families to space the arrival of children. ''The 80's have demonstrated the potential for a child-health revolution that is equivalent in many ways to the green revolution that took place in Asia in grain production,'' Mr. Grant said. ''Technology has given us a series of remedies for the principal killers of children,'' he added. ''When the decade started, you had 12,000 children dying each day from vaccine-preventable diseases. We now for 50 cents can give the full dosage.'' Comparison With Bhopal Disaster Adding that there is still much to be done, he pointed out that more children died of vaccine-preventable diseases in India on the day of the Bhopal disaster than all the people killed by the leakage of gas from the Union Carbide plant. ''In the 90's, the focus ought to move to what we call real development,'' Mr. Grant said. ''In the 60's and 70's tremendous emphasis was put on how you get better G.N.P. growth rates. But G.N.P. growth rates can hide mass maldistribution of income.'' ''In most developing countries,'' he said, ''economic growth in the 70's had much less benefit for the bottom half than they did for the top half.'' ''But now when it comes to the economic crisis of the 80's, it is the bottom half that is bearing the greatest relative share of the price,'' he said. ''In the 90's the target ought to be meeting more tangible human targets: assuring safe water, assuring access to health services, assuring basic education.'' An Indonesian Project The Unicef report calls for debt reduction for developing countries, and the reallocation of both foreign aid and domestic spending priorities. Mr. Grant, who has been touring Asia and the Middle East, drew attention to Indonesia, where the Government of President Suharto, faced with falling oil revenues, has concentrated on low-cost rural health development with the | Unicef Says Third World Children Are Dying as Development Falters |
208044_1 | 3.1 percent more graduates than they did this year, and the average starting salary would rise to $23,810, 3.5 percent more than last year's figure. Both reports predicted that the job outlook for 1989 would be especially good for women and members of minority groups, particularly those with degrees in business and the sciences. Experts said engineers and computer scientists would draw the highest starting salaries, close to $30,000 on average. The electronics industry and educational institutions will hire the most new graduates, but large gains are also expected in accounting, marketing, and the recreation and restaurant industries. The reports agreed that several fields would hire fewer new graduates, chief among them banking and agriculture. Career experts agreed with the reports, noting that despite the stock market crash last year and economists' predictions of a recession within two years, businesses with recruiting programs were in good financial health and expected 1989 to be a strong year. ''Students are always nervous, but the job market in this area is extremely strong,'' Mary Giannini, the executive director of the Center for Career Services at Columbia University, said of the New York City area. She said a record number of companies had been in touch with her office, showing the most interest in hiring for the fields of financial services, consumer products and retail sales. Mary Ginnis, coordinator of recruiting at the City College of the City University of New York, said engineering, computer and marketing companies were recruiting heavily. Richard Pyle, associate director of the career center of the University of Texas at Austin, said, ''The atmosphere is pretty positive, even though Texas is going through some hard times.'' Dr. Pyle said job opportunities in accounting, computers and health services were especially strong. Southwest Looking Up The Michigan State report predicted that California and the Southwest would offer the most employment opportunites in 1989, but that the Southwest would have the lowest average starting salaries. The Northeast will offer the highest salaries, while the Northwest will hire the fewest new graduates, it said. The outlook for graduate students is also good, the reports said. Northwestern predicted that the demand for masters program graduates would rise 14 percent from last year, and their starting salaries 3.5 percent, to about $33,000. Michigan State predicted a 2.6 percent rise in their salaries, to $30,504. Both surveys showed testing for drug abuse would be common. Almost | Job Outlook for College Seniors Appears Healthy |
202885_3 | here, busy foreground. Several of the performances convey the original sensibility. That fine actress, Kaiulani Lee, is precisely in character as Nelly, the strong but sad daughter of old Mary. Adam Storke and Danielle Du Clos are fairly close to the mark as the two lonely young people at the center of the drama -Mr. Storke as a boy who is always measured against the nonexistent accomplishments of his ill-fated older brother; Ms. Du Close as a classic Lanford Wilson waif, dreaming of the season when Eldritch is covered by a cloak of frost, or rime. On the other hand, one never believes that Bill Mondy has the charisma to awaken the sexuality of the women of the town and Stuart Rudin, looking like a fugitive from a Sam Shepard yarn, lacks that extra measure of malice as the old hermit Skelly (such as was conveyed by Robert Thirkield in the original production). Skelly should seem fearsome before we realize he is, in fact, one of the rare concerned souls in this forlorn community. The tragedy of Skelly's death is the tragedy of Eldritch. Watching the play in this insecure production, one realizes that it does not have the rich texture of, for example, Mr. Wilson's ''Balm in Gilead'' (written one year earlier), a kind of urban equivalent about lost nighthawks. John Malkovitch's revival of that play several seasons ago at the Circle Repertory Company approached the work with fidelity and freshness, both of which are not adequately in evidence in Mr. Brokaw's revival of ''The Rimers of Eldritch.'' Small-Town Frustrations THE RIMERS OF ELDRITCH, by Lanford Wilson; directed by Mark Brokaw; set design, Santo Loquasto; lighting design, Jennifer Tipton; costume design, Ellen McCartney; sound design, Aural Fixation; hair design, Antonio Soddu; production stage manager, Carol Fishman. Presented by the Second Stage Theater, Robyn Goodman and Carole Rothman, artistic directors. At 2162 Broadway, at 76th Street. Judge/Preacher ... William Mesnik Wilma Atkins ... Georgia Creighton Martha Truitt ... Mary Jay Nelly Windrod ... Kaiulani Lee Mary Windrod ... Georgine Hall Robert Conklin ... Adam Storke A Trucker ... Gary Dean Ruebsamen Cora Groves ... Suzy Hunt Walter ... Bill Mondy Eva Jackson ... Danielle du Clos Josh Johnson ... Barry Sherman Skelly Mannor ... Stuart Rudin Peck Johnson ... Edward Cannan Mavis Johnson ... Sharon Ernster PatsyJohnson ... Jennie Moreau Evelyn Jackson ... Deborah Hedwall Lena Truitt ... Amy Ryan | Review/Theater; Brooding Look at Dismal Lives in Wilson Revival |
204354_0 | LEAD: The United States and other major trading nations agreed today to cut tariffs and other import barriers on bananas, tea, coffee and myriad other tropical products from the third world. The United States and other major trading nations agreed today to cut tariffs and other import barriers on bananas, tea, coffee and myriad other tropical products from the third world. It was the first significant pact reached at the trade talks here under the 96-nation General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The weeklong conference is seeking to establish guidelines for what would be the broadest revamping of global trade since the world's free trade charter was drafted in 1948. The United States, the 12-nation European Community, Japan, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Australia and New Zealand cut tariffs or reduced quotas on hundreds of products representing $25 billion to $30 billion of annual trade volume. But the United States made its concessions conditional on a broader agreement on long-term agricultural policy. It was the only country to place a condition on its concessions on tropical items. The main dispute at the conference is over an American demand that countries agree to eliminate all trade-distorting subsidies and import barriers in agriculture. The changes adopted today affect 100 tariff categories, some of them covering a number of products. Tropical fruits, for example, constitute one category, in which bananas and mangoes are included. For the first time in any recent trade talks, some developing countries also committed themselves to reducing such barriers. The countries were Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, Nicaragua and Malaysia. For Americans the cuts could mean cheaper prices for such products as litchi nuts, jute yarn, bananas, chestnuts and spices like ginger and cinnamon. The precise reductions were not made public, but American officials said the United States had offered to reduce tariffs on 42 products up to 28 percent. Few of the products compete with domestically produced goods. European Community officials said they were cutting tariffs by 20 to 100 percent on 140 tariff categories. Although the European Community's cuts were broader and deeper than those of the United States, the American tariffs on tropical products remain sharply lower than the comparable European tariffs. All the countries represented here agreed that the reductions, aimed at helping poor countries expand exports to finance their crushing debt burdens, would go into effect Jan. 1. European Position on Crops The | Nations Agree to Cut Tariffs On 3d-World Tropical Items |
204237_2 | promote collection of specimens of imminently endangered plants so they can at least be preserved in botanical gardens and arboretums. The center also plans to promote storage of their seeds in seed banks. Scientists have previously estimated that about 3,000 plant species, more than 10 percent of an estimated 25,000 species of native plants in the United States, are in some danger of extinction. The new survey should help conservationists identify those that need special priority. The species are imperiled by destruction of their habitat, incursion by non-native species, depradation by collectors and other threats, experts said. Although every state has some plants in danger, three-fourths of the 680 species identified as most vulnerable are found in only Hawaii, California, Texas, Florida and Puerto Rico. The endangered species are concentrated in tropical or semi-tropical regions, which experts said tended to have a greater diversity of species occupying smaller smaller ecological niches than in temperate areas. As a result they are more vulnerable the destruction of a specific habitat. In addition, the regions are undergoing extremely rapid development. Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy, the Smithsonian Institution's assistant secretary for external affairs, said the survey ''dramatically illustrates that the problems of plant extinction are not limited to the tropical rain forests but are right here in our backyard.'' ''What these results tell us is that the United States is not doing an adequate job of protecting endangered species,'' Dr. Lovejoy said. ''If we are sitting here worrying about biological diversity vanishing in tropical forests, we are setting one hell of a bad example.'' Second-Class Citizens The threat of plant extinction is even greater worldwide than it is in the United States. Dr. Bruce MacBryde, a botanist for the Interior Department's Fish and Wildlife Service, said that up to 20 percent of the planet's estimated 300,000 plant species are in danger of extinction. The greatest losses are occurring in the diverse tropical rain forests, where many species have not yet even been identified. One problem, experts agree, is that plants are the second-class citizens of endangered species in the public mind, in the legal protection they are afforded and in the resources devoted to them by national and international agencies charged with protecting threatened flora and fauna. ''Plants are important for economic, medicinal and economic reasons but the public generally doesn't even know they exist much less their value,'' Dr. MacBryde said. He added | Survey Finds Native Plants in Imminent Peril |
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