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183279_0 | LEAD: For several decades America has been struggling with the disposal of old tires. They number about two billion and are growing by 240 million a year. Most methods for dealing with the problem have either been too expensive or have run into environmental barriers. For several decades America has been struggling with the disposal of old tires. They number about two billion and are growing by 240 million a year. Most methods for dealing with the problem have either been too expensive or have run into environmental barriers. Now two small companies have devised a new recycling technology that is earning praise from environmentalists and appears to have economic potential as well. Moreover, some state authorities see it as a way to create jobs. The companies, Rubber Research Elastomerics Inc. of Minneapolis, and RW Technology Inc. of Cheshire, Conn., combine old rubber from tires with ''virgin'' rubber and plastics. As a result, manufacturers are using the recycled rubber in a host of products, including floor mats, car trim, industrial washers and gaskets, buckets and garbage pails. Each company claims proprietary aspects to its recyling process, but the underlying principle involves restoring the ability of vulcanized or ''cured'' rubber to bond again with other rubber or plastic. Old tires represent one of the more intransigent aspects of what the Environmental Protection Agency described last week as America's ''staggering'' solid waste disposal crisis. ''They're quite indestructible,'' said Earl W. Dahl, a vice president at the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. ''You may wear them out, but they remain basically intact.'' Left on the ground, old tires can catch fire and burn for months or become a breeding ground for mosquitoes. When the tires are buried, they often work their way back to the surface. Most of the disposal alternatives have met with questionable, if not controversial, results. Mixing ground-up tires with asphalt for road surfacing often does not meet official specifications. Reclaiming the oil from synthetic tires through pyrolysis is not competitive with crude oil selling for $15 a barrel and less. Burning tires as fuel has raised concerns about air pollution and the disposal of the waste ash. At the heart of the new recycling technology is the ''cross-links'' that bind molecules of rubber together. Before vulcanization, natural rubber is sticky and stretchy. It does not maintain a shape. Vulcanization forms the cross-links between the molecular chains of rubber. These | A New Way to Get Rid of Old Tires |
182563_0 | LEAD: FROM its beginnings just after World War II, United Cerebral Palsy of Nassau has been guiding the helpless toward as normal a life as is possible and teaching them to cope with a largely uncaring, if not intolerant, world. FROM its beginnings just after World War II, United Cerebral Palsy of Nassau has been guiding the helpless toward as normal a life as is possible and teaching them to cope with a largely uncaring, if not intolerant, world. The effort has been helped along by swift scientific and technological advances and by a slower erosion of the normal world's revulsion. That effort will go on as long as there are ''normal people'' who turn away from people of any age who ''walk funny,'' ''talk funny'' and who will ask, ''Why do you walk funny? Why do you talk funny? Why are your legs crooked? Why can't you walk?'' One of the biggest problems that the group faces is that those ''normal people'' too often include the fathers of the afflicted. Accordingly, the organization, with its three treatment centers in Roosevelt, Island Park and Bayville, addresses that problem. This effort is the Father and Child Experience (FACE) program led by Richard Governale of Malverne, the group's executive director. As peers sharing a common bond, fathers of cerebrally palsied children meet weekly; they spend weekends with the afflicted youngsters, taking trips into the normal world's restaurants, museums and places of recreation and on camping sojourns in Hecksher State Park. Through learning and being trained together, the fathers are, then, totally responsible for handling any problems or emergencies that their children might encounter. Recently, at United Cerebral Palsy's main treatment facility at 380 Washington Avenue, Roosevelt, Mr. Governale and other officials of the organization sat down with a visitor to explain how FACE and other programs worked. ''Through the medium of play and fun,'' Mr. Governale said, ''they're learning valuable educational and therapeutic techniques. Through a recreational mode, we're able to teach the dads things they need to know in working with their kids.'' The visitor needed some educating himself. Much of this was new to him; he is the father of six normal children. How, he asked, could a father reject a child, any child? He asked for an example: one case, a reluctant, perhaps a difficult father. ''There was one dad who came to the fathers-only meeting,'' Mr. Governale said, | Comforting the Afflicted in an Intolerant World |
182435_0 | LEAD: INTERNATIONAL/3-19 INTERNATIONAL/3-19 Iran is becoming more moderate, distancing itself from the aggressive policies that characterized its behavior in the last few years, Iranian officials and experts in Persian Gulf affairs said. Page 1 The dollar's going value was backed by economic officials from the major industrial nations, who hailed the state of the world economy, saying it was growing faster than expected and inflation pressures are being contained. 18 West Berliners protested a conclave of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank that is being held in the city. One counter-meeting called for ''global, immediate and far-reaching debt cancellation.'' 18 Protecting European workers' rights under the unified Common Market that is to begin in 1992 is a goal sought by the President of the European Commission, despite resistance from member governments. 6 News analysis: The Soviet standoff in Armenia and Azerbaijan is a product of political liberalization and presents a challenge to leaders unaccustomed to managing a domestic situation they cannot control. 12 Rival Moslem and Christian governments in Lebanon struggled for control of the nation. The Christian commander of the army ordered the bureaucracy to heed only his directives. 18 Salvador Allende's widow is in Chile, having entered the nation after 15 years of exile. Her husband died in the midst of the military coup that ousted his Socialist-Communist government on Sept. 11, 1973. 3 House Speaker Jim Wright is correct in his description of American policy toward Nicaragua, American officials said, but they added that the C.I.A. had not organized specific events such as the July 10 protest rally in Nandaime. 15 Haitians are unsure of their leaders and of the intent of the new military government or how long it might last, one week after a coup led by noncommissioned officers. But the country appears outwardly calm. 3 A human barometer of discontent in Sri Lanka 10 For Burmese, the operative word is shortage 11 Canadian Liberals face a leadership crisis 14 NATIONAL/20-35, 50-53 A space shuttle is ready to return to orbit, seeking to revive the nation's civilian space program and end the long struggle with self-doubt that followed the worst disaster in spaceflight history 32 months ago. 1 To identify bad health practitioners, the Department of Health and Human Services is creating a nationwide data bank of disciplinary actions taken against physicians and other health practicioners. 1 The first female Episcopal bishop in | NEWS SUMMARY |
182283_0 | LEAD: FIORENZO BARTOLOZZI, say his friends, is a mixture of Geppetto, the carpenter who created Pinocchio, and Einstein. When the ancient Benedictine abbey of Monte Cassino was reduced to rubble by Allied bombs during World War II, it was to the workshop of Bartolozzi & Maioli in Florence that the monks came for help in restoring and carving the wooden choir stalls. FIORENZO BARTOLOZZI, say his friends, is a mixture of Geppetto, the carpenter who created Pinocchio, and Einstein. When the ancient Benedictine abbey of Monte Cassino was reduced to rubble by Allied bombs during World War II, it was to the workshop of Bartolozzi & Maioli in Florence that the monks came for help in restoring and carving the wooden choir stalls. It took Fiorenzo Bartolozzi and his workshop of 30 artisans 10 years to complete the work, piecing together the fragments from sacks full of bits and pieces of wood from the ruined abbey. However, choir stalls are only one of the thousand things that the Bartolozzi workshop can do at Via Vellutini 8 R (the R is for rosso, or red, which is for commercial addresses, which are written in red and may be out of sequence with other numbers). The rooms of the workshop are piled from floor to ceiling with a wooden zoo of life-size animals, chair legs, bedsteads, sconces, cupids and turbaned Moors bearing candelabra. Artisans stand at their workbenches, surrounded by wood shavings, while Fiorenzo Bartolozzi works in one of the back rooms along with his wife, Martha, who is American. Martha will take visitors upstairs to see the storerooms where box upon box of carved wooden oddments line the walls and where you can choose one of a host of cupids that can be painted to order in a few days for around $200 each. Finishings are an important part of woodwork, as wood can be painted to look like stone, terra cotta, marble, bronze or silver, or can be gilded in a number of shades of gold, including the real thing. One finish that can be ordered is decape, which was born after the waters overflowed the banks of the River Arno in 1966, swamping the workshops and warehouses and washing the gilt off furniture and frames. Decape, also known as pickled pine, imitates the creamy, dusty gold patina the furniture took on. Whereas everything in the workshop is in natural | Florence's Artistry in Wood |
182227_7 | Third Avenue. A Chemical branch was on the ground floor. American executives stopped there to cash paychecks and were smitten by the concept. So they copied it at their airport counters. Other airlines then copied American. ''Now we get virtually no written complaints about waiting,'' said Ron Phillips, American's vice president of field support service. ''We have a standard that 80 percent of passengers will be served within five minutes. And we measure that with people with stopwatches.'' Airlines also commonly use expediters, who cruise the lines to make sure that someone is not actually waiting for a bus and to see if they can help prepare others for their moment at the counter. As it happens, Ron Phillips hired American's first expediters when he was a manager at the Buffalo airport. They were twin sisters, one on the dayshift, one on the nightshift. ''Passengers were always amazed at how long that woman worked,'' he said. More recently, airlines have tried to shorten lines by not having people get in them. A traveler on American, for instance, who feels pretty secure about taking a particular flight can obtain a seat assignment on that flight as far as 330 days in advance. YEARS of listening to howling customers have also taught the airlines some baggage-retrieval lessons. When American designed its baggage-claim area in the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, it put it close to the gates, so disembarking passengers would not have to trudge too far. But even though passengers reach the area quickly, they must wait for their luggage. At Los Angeles International Airport, passengers have to walk quite some distance to the claim area, but when they arrive, their suitcases are usually there. Even though the Los Angeles travelers spend more total time picking up their baggage, American has found they do not grouse as much about baggage delays as do the Dallas passengers. Businesses would not necessarily be better off if they eliminated waiting altogether. Short waits are generally viewed positively. People believe that something must be valuable if there is a line for it. But after a certain point, attitudes shift. ''You can have someone wait 15 minutes, maybe half an hour,'' said Edward Gross, a sociology professor at the University of Washington. ''There's a curvilinear relationship operating here. Waiting is positive and then turns negative. People feel manipulated. They think this is bad management.'' Few businesses have taken | Conquering Those Killer Queues |
182231_0 | LEAD: ON the campus of Rutgers University in New Jersey, students at the business and engineering schools are participating in an unusual experiment: sifting through barrels of discarded plastic garbage. ON the campus of Rutgers University in New Jersey, students at the business and engineering schools are participating in an unusual experiment: sifting through barrels of discarded plastic garbage. This somewhat unglamorous research project has two aims. One is to take a census of the number and type of plastic containers returned at the curbside. The second is to evaluate the cost of sorting the containers. The answers gleaned from the Rutgers study, sponsored by the Plastics Recycling Foundation, will provide important data for companies thinking of getting into the plastics recycling business. So far, Wayne Pearson, executive director of the foundation, is buoyed by the results. ''At the curbside, we're getting 60 to 80 percent of the total material available for recycling,'' he said. That isn't all. Rutgers also has several pilot plants that process relatively pure plastics like PET soda bottles and HDPE milk jugs, and it sells this technology for a $3,000 fee. Its newest operation mixes plastics of indeterminate composition, the so-called comingled plastics. After these plastics are chipped up, they are fed into a machine where they are melted and forced into molds. ''So far, we've made prototypes of such molded objects as car stops, landscaping ties and fence posts,'' Mr. Pearson said. Studies like those at Rutgers and a host of pilot curbside collections programs across the country should help alleviate the chronic shortages of plastic raw materials. ''Collecting recyclables is by far the leading problem for us,'' said Eric Liewergen, sales coordinator of Eaglebrook Plastics in Chicago. Plastics recyclers usually pay about six cents a pound for their raw material, which might consist of a bale of flattened plastic bottles. After the bottles are cleaned and chopped up into pellets or flakes, they are sold to end users at a significant discount to the price of the virgin plastic. Pellets of PET from soda bottles might fetch 30 cents a pound in today's market, compared to 56 cents a pound for the virgin material. But bottles are not the only consumer plastics suitable for recyling. Several manufacturers of the ultra-strong ''engineering'' plastics that are used in auto bumpers and doors are considering recycling. The General Electric Company, for instance, is looking at uses | Collecting Recyclables For Profits and Grades |
182480_0 | LEAD: WORSE THAN THE DISEASE Pitfalls of Medical Progress. By Diana B. Dutton with Thomas A. Preston and Nancy E. Pfund. 528 pp. New York: Cambridge University Press. WORSE THAN THE DISEASE Pitfalls of Medical Progress. By Diana B. Dutton with Thomas A. Preston and Nancy E. Pfund. 528 pp. New York: Cambridge University Press. Not until the 1920's was there reasonable hope that medical intervention would do more good than harm, given the level of scientific knowledge and the paucity of effective therapeutic agents. Since then there has been a quantum advance in knowledge and a significant, if uneven, improvement in what physicians are able to do for patients. The public hears a great deal about these advances, often in exaggerated terms, and it hears about some of the more spectacular failures of medical technology; but it is rarely informed about the policy issues involved when technology fails. ''Worse Than the Disease: Pitfalls of Medical Progress'' provides four case histories intended to illuminate the policy debate and to question the dominant role of scientists and industry in that debate. Case history No. 1 relates the tragic consequences of using a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), in pregnant women to prevent miscarriages, a treatment based on a series of uncontrolled clinical studies done at Harvard-affiliated hospitals in the mid 1940's and approved by the Food and Drug Administration despite ample evidence that DES was carcinogenic in animals. A few years after approval was given, and after the drug had come to be used almost routinely in first pregnancies, it was unequivocally demonstrated by Dr. William Dieckmann and his Harvard colleagues in a randomized, controlled, double-blind study that DES was no better than a placebo in preventing miscarriage. Yet no action was taken by the F.D.A. Not until 1971 - when other Harvard scientists linked clear-cell carcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who had received DES during pregnancy - was action taken by the F.D.A., and even then it was delayed. Case No. 2 is the misguided National Institutes of Health crash program to develop an artificial heart, authorized in 1965 by a receptive Congress after the assurances of those who lobbied enthusiastically for the program that mass production of artificial hearts could begin as early as 1970. In all the original cost-benefit calculations it was assumed there would be no complications and that recipients would be able to return | MEDICINE ND ITS DISCONTENTS |
182522_0 | LEAD: DESPITE the security problems of living on a waterfront, people still want houses there and will pay millions of dollars for them, a longtime real-estate agent says. DESPITE the security problems of living on a waterfront, people still want houses there and will pay millions of dollars for them, a longtime real-estate agent says. ''We have a lot of people who can afford it, but the properties just aren't there,'' said the agent, Marjorie Rowe, owner of Preferred Properties Inc. in Greenwich. Some police officials point out that despite sophisticated security equipment and guards, waterfront homes and docked boats in Connecticut are especially vulnerable to robbery. ''People don't worry about it,'' Miss Rowe said. ''Many have their own private police and security systems within the houses.'' The police in Greenwich were searching last week for two masked men who docked at a mansion three weeks ago, robbed a couple of jewelry and escaped by water. Lieut. Richard Shockley said he could remember just two or three similar cases in his 18 years on the force. But, Lieutenant Shockley added, it is tougher to monitor security on the water. ''It does make it more difficult, because there are fewer eyes to act as witnesses,'' he said. Focus on the Dock Area The president of Security Systems International in Stamford, Steven Tash, said nearly 20 percent of his business came from owners of waterfront property. They are ''very vulnerable,'' he said. ''The main concern is the dock area,'' Mr. Tash added. Residents usually install burglar alarms on every door and window, he continued, ''so there is no chance of anybody getting in.'' Mr. Tash said with some police departments reporting an increase in boat thefts, it was important for waterfront homeowners to secure their boats and rig them with alarms. Lieutenant Shockley said seven Greenwich marine police officers patrolled the shore seven days a week. ''Not all of the waterfront property is accessible because of shallow water and rocks,'' he said. ''Obviously, the area has to be cased before something is undertaken, otherwise they are more likely to get hurt.'' Patrol Boats on Alert Other shoreline towns also have special patrols. Capt. Hugh McManus of the Darien Police Department said a private waterfront association employed three special police officers who carry guns and have the power to arrest. Captain McManus, who has been in the department 20 years, said he did | Security Concerns on the Waterfront |
182234_0 | LEAD: IT will soon be harder to get rid of products made with plastic, that substance that has come to symbolize our throwaway society. Discarded plastic bottles, milk jugs and fast-food containers - not to mention the plastic syringes and vials that have washed up on our beaches - are flooding the nation's already-overflowing landfills. IT will soon be harder to get rid of products made with plastic, that substance that has come to symbolize our throwaway society. Discarded plastic bottles, milk jugs and fast-food containers - not to mention the plastic syringes and vials that have washed up on our beaches - are flooding the nation's already-overflowing landfills. As a result, lawmakers are clamping tight restrictions on the disposal of the 10.5 million tons of plastic waste generated each year. The result could be some heady times for the handful of companies that recycle discarded plastics into new products, as well as for the makers of plastics that degrade in the environment. After years of plodding growth, the plastics recycling business is ''just beginning to take off,'' said Robert A. Bennett, an associate engineering dean at Toledo University. Right now, about 200 million pounds of plastics a year - valued at about $100 million - are being recycled, according to the Plastics Recycling Foundation, an industry and government-supported research group. But this figure could leap fivefold by the mid-1990's, said Wayne Pearson, executive director of the foundation. The most widely recycled plastic product today is the soft drink container, which is made from a material called polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. About 20 percent of these bottles, most of them gathered from stores in states with bottle deposit laws, are collected, cleaned and ground by recycling companies that either sell them to plastic fabricators or use them internally. The recycled PET is used in carpeting, pillows and stuffing for furniture. It is rarely used in food packaging, however, because of the high cost of getting the product to conform to strict Federal standards. Other popular items for recycling are the milk and juice jugs that are made from high-density polyethylene, or HDPE. These are being made into such products as flower pots and corrugated pipe. While such reclamation efforts are modest, new laws may vastly expand the number and type of plastic items available for recovery and reuse. A New Jersey regulation being carried out by counties throughout the state | Finding Ways to Turn Trash Into Cash |
182387_2 | Archdeacon for urban ministries of the Diocese of Newark, the Venerable Denise Lee Haines. Mr. Hunt was nominated by petitions from the delegates. Ms. Harris, who has long been active in Philadelphia in issues involving peace and justice, fueled the controversy over the ordination of women as bishops last summer when she attended an Anglican Church conference in Canterbury, England. At the time, the Rev. Eddy Stride, chairman of an organization of Church of England traditionalists, denounced her appearance as a provocation and ''a very serious challenge to many in the church.'' Ultimately, the convention gave its approval to the naming of women as bishops. Foundation Laid Earlier The push to ordain women as bishops goes back much farther, however. In April, the Episcopal national office of the Presiding Bishop in Manhattan mailed a report to bishops explaining the American church's readiness to consecrate any women as bishops chosen by local dioceses. The Episcopal bishops in the United States endorsed the report a year ago. A minority report warned that consecrating women as bishops would risk splintering the Episcopal Church in America from the Anglican Communion, the international family of 28 autonomous churches tied to the Church of England. Traditionalists who oppose the ordination of women as bishops argue that since the Christian ministry has been male for 2,000 years, ordaining women would be improper. Opponents also contend that sacramental acts an ordained woman might perform are invalid, including ordinations of men as priests. For many Episcopalians, the issue of ordaining women as bishops was settled in principle in 1976. After several unauthorized ordinations of women, the General Convention of the Episcopal Church rewrote its rules so that the ''three orders'' of the clergy - deacons, priests and bishops - could include women. But, because Episcopalians generally expect bishops to have 10 years of experience as priests, the consecration of women as bishops did not become an issue until the 1980's. Ms. Harris and Ms. Haines are not the first women nominated to be suffragan bishops. In 1986, the Rev. Mary Chotard Doll, herself a bishop's daughter, was nominated to the post in Washington. She placed second in the voting. 'Sensitivity' Promised Delegates attending the convention yesterday said Ms. Harris had the support of many of the women present. She was nominated by the Rev. Mary Glasscool, the rector of St. Luke's and St. Margaret's Church in Alston, Mass. But | Episcopal Diocese Chooses First Woman to Be a Bishop |
182340_5 | for can-do accomplishment plummeted into the ocean with the pieces of the Challenger. Since the accident, space experts say, the agency has been on ''a sad trajectory,'' struggling to rebuild the shuttle program but lacking a clear sense of purpose or the political might to shape its destiny. ''As we go into a new Administration, we would like to go with a success on our plates,'' said Dr. Hinners, who is heading a study aimed at defining the agency's long-term objectives. ''Then we can say to the next President, let's talk about the future.'' Stakes in Discovery Flight Another disaster is not unthinkable, as the Discovery astronauts acknowledge in discussing the burden of being the first crew to fly the redesigned shuttle. ''We clearly cannot afford to lose another vehicle, much less another crew,'' said Capt. Frederick H. Hauck of the Navy, the mission commander. ''I don't think the manned space flight program could withstand another Challenger.'' Others, critics and supporters alike, dispute this dire assessment. ''We're going to have manned flight, come hell or high water,'' said Alex Roland, a former NASA historian who teaches the history of technology at Duke University. ''But it might mean the end of the shuttle. We wouldn't scrap them. We would have to use them, but entirely differently and very sparingly, which is what I've been advocating anyway.'' Another failure would almost certainly rock NASA to the core. ''They're betting the company,'' said John M. Logsdon, director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University. ''If they can't pull this off successfully, I don't think that any politician could conceivably continue to allocate $10 billion a year to NASA. Oh, there would still be a NASA, but it would be a minor operation limited to space science and some technology development. A few more shuttles would be launched to handle the backlog, but that would be it.'' An $11.4 Billion Budget In the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, NASA's expenditures totaled $9.1 billion, and $11.4 billion is budgeted for the next fiscal year, much of the increase earmarked for expanding work on the space station. In recent interviews at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, the Discovery astronauts expressed confidence that modifications and retesting of shuttle hardware since the accident had made the vehicles about as safe as such complex vehicles can be. ''Flying into space never will be risk-free,'' Captain Hauck | Space Shuttle Is Poised to Fly With Fragile Cargo of Dreams |
182233_0 | LEAD: WHAT do bathtubs, boat piers, flower pots and carpets have in common? Answer: they are all products that have been made from recycled plastic bottles. WHAT do bathtubs, boat piers, flower pots and carpets have in common? Answer: they are all products that have been made from recycled plastic bottles. On the face of it, of course, it would make the most sense to recycle old bottles into new bottles. But the high cost of returning these plastics to a level of purity required for food containers makes it impossible. As a result, plastics recyclers must scramble to find new uses for old plastics - either by selling the recycled material to others who then turn it into products or by making the products themselves. One company that has found a home for its recycled plastics is Alpha Resins, a manufacturer of polyester plastics. The company, in Colliersville, Tenn., convinced Aqua Glass, a manufacturer of fiberglass bathroom units, to incorporate recycled PET from beverage containers into its line of residential and commercial bathtubs, shower stalls, sinks and spas. At Wellman Inc., a recycler in Clark, N.J., that converts polyester and nylon industrial waste into fibers, recycling PET soda bottles is also big business. Among the end products, said Thomas M. Duff, Wellman's chief executive, are carpets, filling for pillows and mattresses and liners for landfills. One problem facing Mr. Duff is what to do with the green plastic so prevalent in soda bottles. ''You can only sell so many green carpets,'' he said. ''It's not one of the more popular colors.'' One solution to the glut of green plastic has been the conversion of it into a nonwoven ''geotextile,'' Mr. Duff said. This material, he explained, can be used to prevent soil at landfill sites and railroad track beds from shifting. It will also be used to stabilize soil in the current tunnel rebuilding program in Grand Central Station in New York City, he noted. While the highest-value end products are made from well-defined plastics such as PET, HDPE or nylon, many plastic containers in municipal waste dumps consist of a combination of different plastics that are just too difficult or uneconomical to separate. The squeezable ketchup bottle, for example, consists of six separate layers. While such objects would have been buried or burned, recyclers are now squeezing value out of these ''comingled'' plastics. One company, Plastics Recycling Inc. | From Bottles to Bathtubs - Sinks and Showers, Too |
179990_7 | it, and then we realized it was a tornado,'' he said. An estimated 20,000 people were staying at shelters in the Brownsville area, and about that many were at shelters in Matamoros across the border in Mexico, including 3,000 staying in railroad cars, officials said. Matamoros, a city of about 280,000 people, has shelter space for 70,000 people, and officials said people were coming for safety there from across the coastal areas of northern Mexico. Worry About Flooding With Matamoros only 25 feet above sea level and 12 miles from shore, the major concern there was flooding. Most residents are poor, and many did not have the money to evacuate or to buy supplies to protect their homes. American and Mexican officials opened floodgates in dams along the Rio Grande in an effort to stave off flash floods. Evacuation and emergency preparation in northern Mexico were severely hampered because of poor telephone communication, said David Paperman, a ham radio operator in Houston. He said reports he was monitoring indicated that phone service in Mexico's highly centralizd phone system was jammed because of the hurricane's damage to phone equipment in the Yucatan Peninsula on Wednesday and because of the heavy volume of calls. Mr. Paperman said messages from radio operators indicated that phone lines and electricity failed in northern Mexico hours before the eye of the storm met land. In Brownsville, as in Matamoros, many people could not afford to leave. Pam Downing, a spokesman for the city, estimates that at least half of Brownsville's residents live at or below the poverty line. Many of those who left Brownsville and other coastal areas sought refuge at hotels, motels and shelters in San Antonio and Austin. 'I Feel Safe Here' But by midday today Mayor Ygnacio Garza of Brownsville was urging residents to stay put because tornadoes and flooding had made travel too dangerous. Some people staying at shelters had special needs. There was Alma Gonzalez, 15 years old and expecting a baby this week. She sat on a cot at a shelter here in Brownsville and hoped for the best. ''I'm a little scared, but I feel safe here,'' she said. ''If it's a boy, I might name him Gilbert.'' Domingo Rivera Jr. was there with his wife, who has cancer. He was reading from the Book of Exodus in a Spanish-language version of the Bible. ''People are coming from all | HURRICANE ROARS INTO MEXICO AGAIN WITH LESS FORCE |
176757_2 | at about 7,500 and growing, despite an attempt to keep the level stable through hunting. In New Jersey, Patty McConnell, the bear expert of the state's Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife, reported a ''dramatic growth'' in the number of bears in the northern part of the state, particularly in Sussex County and western Passaic County. ''The bears don't recognize any state line,'' she said. ''They wander back and forth.'' Showing Little Fear She put the New Jersey bear population at between 150 and 200 and growing. One reason is that there is no hunting season for bears in New Jersey. Normally, New Yorkers see very few bears. Unlike the ferocious grizzlies of the West, New York's native black bears are timid creatures, usually fleeing when confronted by humans or dogs. Black bears are the largest game animals in New York State, with females growing to about 250 pounds and males up to 600 pounds. In the fall, they are a favorite target for hunters in the remote mountains of the state. Over the last few years, the resident population of black bears has remained at about 3,600 in the Adirondacks, 400 in the Catskills and 100 in the Alleganies, according to state figures. Hunting is the way the state tries to keep the native bear population stable. Last year during the big game season, hunters killed 626 bears, a slight decline from the average of 641 killed in each of the previous 10 years. So far this year, there have been scattered reports of bear sightings in almost every county of the Hudson Valley. Mr. Henry, who keeps track of the reports, said that the number of complaints about bear damage, in addition to mere sightings, had risen to 60 this year, from 31 last year. The bears have been reported eating from garbage pails, turning over and eating from bee hives and foraging in corn fields and apple orchards. His advice to the complainants is to devise alternative methods of garbage storage and to build electric fences around bee hives and apple orchards. And occasionally state conservation officers are called to trap or tranquilize a bear and move it to a wilder location. ''I worry about bears feeding on garbage,'' Mr. Berchielli said. ''So far, we've had no problems with bears and people. But the closer people and bears get, the greater is the potential for a problem.'' | Protect Your Garbage Cans! Young Bears Are Coming |
176880_7 | of the trauma caused by massive layoffs in the early 1980's. In addition, there has been a sharp increase since the late 1970's in the number of part-time workers who would switch to full-time jobs if they could get them, economists say. Finally, the layoffs in the early 1980's hit hardest at well-paying manufacturing jobs, creating a pool of former factory workers. Some have found other work at less pay but would probably switch quickly if they could find jobs at their old pay levels. ''Viewed in this light, there is still plenty of slack,'' said Sar Levitan, a labor economist at George Washington University. ''The unemployment rate could probably drop another full percentage point before there is much upward pressure on wages.'' Debating the Nature Of the New Jobs But instead of debating the issues of wage stagnation and productivity, the two political parties have focused on the nature of the nearly 17 million jobs that have been created since the economic expansion began in 1982. Mr. Bush has said the majority of these jobs were ''good jobs,'' in industries where the average pay was more than $22,000 a year. But while the Republican candidate sees the glass as half full, the Joint Economic Committee of Congress, whose chairman is Senator Paul A. Sarbanes, a Maryland Democrat, says it is half empty. A study done for the committee and released last week found that the most rapid job growth in the 1980's did indeed occur in service industries with an average pay of $22,000. But employment in industries with an average pay of $32,000 - most of them manufacturing - declined in the 1980's. And the Dukakis camp calls for good pay in the future. ''We want to create as many good-paying jobs as there are people to fill them,'' said Robert Shapiro, the deputy issues director. The ''good jobs-bad jobs'' debate has raged among economists for years, prompting numerous studies. Out of them, three points have emerged that all sides now accept as fact when talking about wages adjusted for inflation: * Workers with college degrees, representing 26 percent of the labor force, have on average earned good pay over the last six years, often getting raises that exceeded the inflation rate. But those with a high-school education or less, a far larger group, have lost ground and are earning considerably less today, after their salaries are adjusted | ELECTION PLACING FOCUS ON THE ISSUE OF JOBS VS. WAGES |
176802_3 | sanctity of the figure whose likeness it bears.'' An icon could stand alone in churches. It could be a narrative of Gospel scenes made for altar screens. It could be portable and serve as a private devotional object. It could be on the apse of a cathedral. It could be a mural. The exhibition includes wall paintings from the church of Ayios Nikolaos in Veria in Lakonia, in which the background is dark and the figures have a punitive air. There are also fragments of wall paintings removed in 1965 from the church at Episkopi in Evrytania, before it was flooded. The fragments suggest the layers of icons on the walls of some churches. They are something of a problem in the show, giving it an archeological dimension that contrasts sharply with the evocative strength of the installation of the Pantocrator icon just before them. This tension between a mood of intimacy and veneration - and a respect for images of such power that the Iconoclasts systematically killed them - and a mood of disinterested scholarship is the most serious problem the show has. ''Holy Image, Holy Space'' should be seen in relation to ''The Human Figure in Early Greek Art,'' which opened at the National Gallery of Art last February and is now at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City. Both shows were set in motion by the Greek Government. ''The Human Figure'' documents the evolution of naturalism and classicism from around 1000 to 500 B.C. It features sculptures with the kind of harmony and serenity that sends hordes of tourists scurrying through Greece each year. The show at the Walters presents a side of Greek culture that is less glamorous and less known, but more alive: icons are produced and worshiped in Greece today. Byzantine icons do not break with the ancient Greek feeling for the human figure but carry it on. Indeed, Byzantium was rooted in ancient Greece, particularly Hellenistic Greece, in many ways, including education, language and philosophy. This show is definitely not about evolution. Once the prototypes for images of Jesus, Mary and the saints were established, they were all but immutable. Biblical figures did not change, and neither did the images. Copying the prototype was a way of copying and thereby serving and emulating the figure represented. Until the early 13th century, icon makers remained anonymous. Throughout the tradition of icons, invention | Windows Into a World of Unshakable Faith |
176993_0 | LEAD: The Tired Readers Though she saw all readers as tired a priori - tired by both life and literature - Flannery O'Connor thought that a good story ought to be able to overcome their inertia. This is from her ''Collected Works'' (Library of America). The Tired Readers Though she saw all readers as tired a priori - tired by both life and literature - Flannery O'Connor thought that a good story ought to be able to overcome their inertia. This is from her ''Collected Works'' (Library of America). I once received a letter from an old lady in California who informed me that when the tired reader comes home at night, he wishes to read something that will lift up his heart. And it seems that her heart had not been lifted up by anything of mine she had read. I think that if her heart had been in the right place, it would have been lifted up. You may say that the serious writer doesn't have to bother about the tired reader, but he does, because they are all tired. One old lady who wants her heart lifted up wouldn't be so bad, but you multiply her two hundred and fifty thousand times and what you get is a book club. I used to think it should be possible to write for some supposed elite, for the people who attend the universities and sometimes know how to read, but I have since found out that though you may publish your stories in Botteghe Oscure, if they are any good at all, you are eventually going to get a letter from some old lady in California, or some inmate of the Federal Penitentiary or the state insane asylum or the local poorhouse, telling you where you have failed to meet his needs. Syncopated Saint Miracles too have to move with the times, even when they're statues. Eric Newby describes a modern Irish miracle in ''Round Ireland in Low Gear'' (Viking). What was remarkable was the variety of ways in which the statue was seen to move: ''Sometimes in a series of inelegant jerks, rocking and quivering, as one might expect during an earth tremor'' (by Dennis Barnett, a reporter for the Sunday Tribune); sometimes swaying; sometimes constantly moving. Others saw the face transformed into that of Christ or St. Joseph, Padre Pio or a Jewish rabbi. The statue was | Noted With Pleasure |
176604_4 | show that at the time of incorporation - when the area was called Woodcliff - there were only 31 taxpayers. In 1895, a one-room schoolhouse was built, a stone structure that is still being used as the art room at the middle school. It wasn't until 1910 that the borough officially added ''Lake'' to its name, although residents had begun to use the name Woodcliff Lake because of the reservoir, which was built by damming a marsh in 1904. While no swimming or boating is allowed in the reservoir, people fish there for carp, bass and perch. The town is now considering whether to build a new fire station. ''For years I've said we need a west side firehouse and more equipment,'' said Mr. Van Riper, a former fire chief, and now a part-time fire official with the volunteer fire department. ''Right now the farthest point from the firehouse is about two-and-a-half-miles away. That's too far.'' For about a quarter-century the volunteer fire department raised money at an annual ''Woodcliff Lake Day'' barbecue. For the last two years, however, the event has been run by the borough. It takes place at the Old Mill Pond, the borough's swimming area, named after a mill where farmers brought corn and wheat to be ground. Today there is no trace of the mill, and the pond has been enlarged. Children can swim in the sandy shallow end, while more advanced swimmers dive into a deep area of the pool that has been lined with concrete. Near the pond stands Fusco's store, a small family deli that has stood on the site since 1930. Across the reservoir on its eastern shore is the post office, along with a dry-cleaner, barber shop and a small newsstand and luncheonette. The borough has a municipal garbage removal service and a recycling center with a compactor and bins for glass, metal, motor oil, tires, batteries and clothing. All recyclables can be left at curbsides once a month for collection. While the community provides a range of services and recreational facilities, including a summer day camp program for grades one through six, residents have to visit neighboring communities if they want to use a library. Residents to be reimbursed by the borough for some of the costs of library memberships. People can find plenty of produce at the two farm stores in the borough - as well as computers, | If You're Thinking of Living in:; Woodcliff Lake |
180784_4 | in Lisbon is tied to Chiado. What happens there will affect other sections of the city with narrow streets and potential fire hazards. But the main debate is over how a new Chiado should look. Ever since the architect Tomas Taveira designed the ultramodern Amoreiras shopping complex, residents of Lisbon have debated old versus new. 'Americanization' Feared The spread of modern office and apartment buildings has troubled many. Some critics of the city's development have assailed what they call its Americanization, saying Lisbon is starting to look like Los Angeles. Mr. Taveira has made it plain that he favored rebuilding the Chiado in a modern style. His is a powerful voice, but his approach has drawn powerful opponents who appear to have the upper hand, including President Mario Soares and Prime Minister Anibal Cavaco Silva. Mayor Nuno Krus Abecasis, also an advocate of modernizing the city, originally supported rebuilding in a more modern style, but now says he wants a new Chiado to resemble its old self. ''The only decision made so far is to preserve the outside facade as much as possible,'' the Mayor said in an interview after leading the French Foreign Minister, Roland Dumas, on a tour of Chiado. Inspections Increased Mr. Dumas promised French support in helping the city get aid from the European Community. Mayor Krus Abecasis said that the organization had already given $3 million, and a total of $5 million in grants, credits and loans, and that more money has been promised by the Council of Europe, Unesco and the European Investment Bank. Mr. Krus Abecasis said he had named a commission to investigate the cause and effects of the blaze and that he had ordered increased inspection of alarms and other warning systems, sprinklers and building plans. Goncalo Ribeiro Teles, leader of the opposition and head of the Monarchist Party in the City Council, said ''everybody assumed there was an alarm system'' connected to the Police and Fire Departments. ''It was a big surprise that there wasn't a security system,'' he said. ''The Government should have made certain.'' Also in dispute is just when the alarm was sounded. The fire started at the Grandella department store at around 4 A.M., area residents said, adding that it was not reported for an hour. Volunteer firemen were at the scene first, joined later by the professional force, but the blaze roared out of control. | Lisbon Journal; A City's Heart in Ruins: Now to Put It Together |
180647_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: The tragedies many adoptive families face as a result of living under the oppression of sealed records was poignantly described in ''Adoptive Parents Ask States for Help With Abused Young'' (front page, Aug. 22), on a class-action suit by seven couples against the Texas Department of Human Services, asking full disclosure of their children's records. How sad that it takes violence and severe emotional disturbances to make their voices heard. Full disclosure from the beginning would have spared many such families pain either by allowing an informed choice not to proceed with adoption, or obtaining professional help. The medical records of the biological mother might reveal a history of chicken pox or measles. Only openness in adoption will allow us to know if she later develops heart disease, cancer or schizophrenia. Open records are the right, not just of the severely disturbed, but of every child and adult. MARSHA RIBEN Old Bridge, N.J., Sept. 2, 1988 | Unseal the Records For Adoptive Parents |
180648_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: It is simply erroneous to say that ''China has historically avoided significant maritime activity except for a brief period in the early 15th century.'' ''Along the Chinese Coastline, Economic Dragon Awakens'' (front page, Aug. 13) unfortunately perpetuates a hoary stereotype about Chinese seafaring activities a few centuries ago. Scholars in the last three decades have shown, among other things, that the merchant and naval fleets of China far excelled those of any other Asian or European states between the 12th and mid-15th centuries. The early-14th-century Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta noted 13 junks wintering at Calicut (on the Malabar Coast of southeast India), ''their corpulent hulls and multiple soaring masts dwarfing even the largest lateen-rigged vessels in the harbor.'' Both Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo chose to book passage on Chinese bottoms when sailing east. Despite the demise of state-sponsored maritime expeditions in the early Ming era, private commercial and piratical ventures in the waters of the East and South China Seas scarcely abated. Until the age of steam, the Chinese junk was a vital common carrier in inter-Asian waters. Thus the last century and a half of European hegemony off the China coast may be merely anomalous to future generations of maritime historians. You failed to note also the impressive growth of China's merchant fleet since the 1960's - a critical component of her export-led economic growth strategy. It now ranks among the top 10 fleets of the world in tonnage, well ahead of such traditional maritime powers as the United States. ROBERT P. GARDELLA Associate Professor of Humanities U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Kings Point, L.I., Sept. 4, 1988 | China Has Also Been a Dragon of the Seas |
179014_2 | Guide for the SAT'' is published by Simon & Schuster Hardware, a division of Simon & Schuster Inc., and has a suggested retail price of $39.95. There are also versions available for the Apple II series and Commodore 64/128 for $34.95 and $29.95 respectively. After you've graduated from college, it's job-hunting time. The Resume Kit, put out by Spinnaker in its BetterWorking series, is an excellent program for that purpose. This is an easy-to-use package of three 5.25-inch disks and a 115-page guide to writing and printing a resume in any of nine specialized formats, including standard, student and professional, with up to 10 categories, like education, business experience and publications. With a little more work you can create a resume in a customized style, although the formats that are built in should serve for most purposes. There is a variety of type styles and sizes and the printout is quite handsome, although, at least on my old printer, quite slow. The company offers a laser-printing service. Beyond its primary purpose, however, the kit is a clear and sensible guide to job hunting. It emphasizes, for example, that you should not include personal data, like height, weight or age, in a resume. ''Personal data allows the employer to discriminate,'' it advises. ''It is not legal to weigh such factors into the hiring decision.'' There are suggestions on how to de-emphasize a lack of qualifications or a history of job-hopping (''Capitalize on your wide and varied experience'') and hints on writing thank-you notes and making follow-up calls. Other features include a word processor for cover letters and other correspondence, a spelling checker, an envelope-writing utility, a database for contacts and a reminder system with a calendar for appointments. The Resume Kit is a remarkably complete package for $39.95. It is produced for I.B.M.-compatible computers by Spinnaker Software, 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, Mass., 02139; telephone (617) 494-1200. That old favorite among word-processing programs, WordStar, is out in a new version, WordStar Professional Release 5, which has about 300 new or enhanced features, including advanced page preview, pull-down menus and the ability to use a vast number of printers. The suggested list price from dealers is $495. A registered owner of an earlier WordStar Professional version can get an update from the company for $119. The MicroPro International Corporation is at 33 San Pablo Avenue, San Rafael, Calif., 94903; telephone (415) 499-1200. PERIPHERALS | S.A.T. Guide on Disk |
181225_2 | and Child Caring Agencies, a nonprofit organization representing 140 private agencies in New York State that provide foster care and child-welfare services. The Board of Education has reprinted 200,000 of the manuals for its staff. The manual was designed to help people who work with children recognize the physical and behaviorial signs that a child is being abused or is at risk. For example, the manual says, long sleeves or other concealing clothing that are inappropriate for the season could be a covering for scars from physical abuse. Children who have difficulty walking or sitting may have been sexually abused. Frequent absences from school, sleeping in class and begging for food may be signs of neglect. The manual says parents who miss appointments, severely criticize their children, discourage social contact and are reluctant to share information about their children could be abusers. The manual also suggests a list of questions to determine whether to suspect abuse, such as asking children, ''What kinds of things do you do when you are bad?'' and ''What do your parents do when you are bad?'' Questions to ask parents include, ''How were you punished as a child?'' and ''What do you do when your child annoys you?'' Fred Brancato, executive director of the council, said that while the 10-page booklet was to be used as a guide, ''it is not an exhaustive list, and one sign is not cause for suspecting child abuse.'' Rather, he said, several characteristics occurring more than once would be cause for concern. The board also has distributed its own reference sheet with a list of warning signs and instructions for reporting suspicions of abuse. ''We haven't just distributed these materials and asked people to read them at their leisure,'' Mrs. Gross said. ''This is a strong initiative to educate school personnel about abuse so they can recognize signs and prevent tragedies like that of Lisa Steinberg.'' Last month representatives from every school district in the city attended a two-day conference on developing prevention plans for their schools. Elaine Guarnieri, a new social-studies teacher at Murry Bergtram High School for Business Careers, said she had been given instruction on child-abuse detection, both at the board's new teacher orientation program and at her school's first staff meeting this year. ''It was enlightening, to say the least,'' she said. ''I really didn't know very much about child abuse, and teachers really should.'' | Teachers Tackle Child Abuse |
182821_0 | LEAD: Callers to a new State Transportation Department office on Fifth Avenue are informed that they have reached the ''Route 9A Reconstruction Project.'' Callers to a new State Transportation Department office on Fifth Avenue are informed that they have reached the ''Route 9A Reconstruction Project.'' ''The name is intended to separate the project from its past,'' said Richard A. Maitino, its executive director. That is understandable. What originally, in 1971, was a visionary public works project called Wateredge was adopted by the bureaucracy and blandly called Interstate 478. Then it was dubbed Westway, a name that became synonymous with government gridlock. Westway was a proposed highway along the Hudson, largely tunneled under new parkland and commercial development between the Battery and 42d Street in Manhattan. It died officially three years ago today, a victim of court challenges and Congressional antipathy. The opposition was mobilized by foes of development and advocates of mass-transit and was fueled by government arrogance. Of $2 billion reserved for Westway, Mayor Koch and Governor Cuomo agreed to spend at least 60 percent on mass-transit projects and up to $800 million on a more modest highway. Under a ''Westway shuffle,'' some of the funds would come from the Federal Highway Trust Fund (considered less vulnerable to political whimsy than periodic Congressional mass-transit appropriations) and would be shifted to the city's budget to free an equivalent amount of money for subway and bus improvements. After three years, has the Westway trade-in for mass transit money lived up to its promise? And is a substitute highway any closer to being built? ''Three years?'' said Jonathan M. Newman, director of program planning for the State Department of Transportation. ''It shows you time flies even when you're not having a good time. The shuffle is working reasonably well. The replacement highway is far from progressing.'' Of $345 million due the Metropolitan Transportation Authority directly for the mass transit projects, $72 million will be committed by the end of the year, said William H. Goldstein, the authority's acting chief financial officer. Of $690 million due under the shuffle, Mr. Goldstein said, $128 million is now available. (The M.T.A. expects to get it all eventually.) The shuffle ''didn't work to do what we fought the battle for, which was direct subsidies to mass transit,'' lamented Marcy Benstock, director of the Clean Air Campaign and a principal architect of Westway's defeat. The shuffle delayed | Before It's Built, A Road Suffers Political Gridlock |
182791_0 | LEAD: On July 29, 1974, when women were first ordained as priests in the Episcopal Church, a young black public relations executive and civil rights worker literally led the way. Holding the crucifix high, she led the procession into Philadelphia's massive Church of the Advocate in Philadelphia, where three On July 29, 1974, when women were first ordained as priests in the Episcopal Church, a young black public relations executive and civil rights worker literally led the way. Holding the crucifix high, she led the procession into Philadelphia's massive Church of the Advocate in Philadelphia, where three Episcopal bishops, acting without authorization, ordained 11 women as she watched. Barbara Clementine Harris is again out in front. She is on the verge of becoming the first woman to be bishop in the Anglican Communion, the international family of 28 autonomous churches tied to the Church of England. Several years after that 1974 ceremony, she decided to leave her work as head of the public relations department at the Sun Oil Company and to seek ordination herself. In 1980 Ms. Harris became a priest. Occasion for Debate On Saturday, delegates representing the Episcopal clergy and laity in Massachusetts elected her to fill a position as suffragan, or assistant, bishop for the Diocese of Massachusetts. Her election awaits confirmation by a majority of diocesan committees representing Episcopal priests and laity throughout the United States and by a majority of the bishops who lead those dioceses. It is sure to be an occasion for sharp debate because she is a woman. It will also have reverberations in the 27 other churches that are part of the Anglican Communion, many of which do not allow women to be ordained. Born in Philadelphia in 1930, Ms. Harris grew up in the Episcopal Church there. In the mid-60's, she joined church-sponsored efforts to register black voters in Greenville, Miss., traveling to the South during time off from her public relations work. She also participated in the march from Selma to Montgomery, Ala., led by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King in 1965. In 1968, she became active in the Episcopal Church of the Advocate, a largely black parish in Philadelphia, erving on the vestry, volunteering services for prisoners and working with other Episcopalians urging the ordination of women. The Rev. Paul Washington, who was then rector of the Church of the Advocate, recalls his parishioner speaking to | Advocate Of Equality: Barbara C. Harris |
179238_2 | everyone to educate the children of a few. A more significant concern is practical: students with high earning potential would have an incentive to borrow elsewhere. The payroll tax would then have to be raised to unacceptable levels to keep the system in the black. Such ''adverse selection,'' Mr. Carnes says, forced Yale University to abandon its experiment with income-contingent student loans in 1978. That is news to Yale. William Brainard, an economics professor at Yale and formerly the university's provost, says an in-house study showed no correlation between students' income expectations and their willingness to borrow against their future earnings. Yale did dump its income-contingent loan program, but largely because the university could not contain the default rate. There is wide agreement, though, that adverse selection could erode the financial base of the system if junior college students were to borrow from the same kitty as prospective M.B.A.'s. One way to make the program more attractive to those with high income expectations, Mr. Reischauer says, would be to create separate loan pools (and tax rates) for two-year, four-year and graduate schools. Another would be to limit the amount of earnings subject to tax, or to permit graduates to cancel their debt with a lump-sum payment. In any event, such nuts-and-bolts objections to income-contingent college loans mask deeper political concerns. Some specialists in higher education acknowledge that they fear the potential success of a Dukakis-style loan program as much as they fear a failure. Today, college subsidies can be defended as critical to maintaining both equal opportunity and the promise of social mobility. Suppose, though, that students could borrow what they needed without worrying about how they could pay it back. What would stop Congress from cutting back on subsidized loans and grants? What would stop states from raising tuition at public universities? Perhaps nothing would - or should. Higher education certainly pays: in 1984, the typical 35- to 44-year-old with a bachelor's degree earned 83 percent more than his or her counterpart with only a high school diploma. But the fact that four-year college is a good investment for graduates does not prove that it is a good investment for taxpayers. More to the point, it does not prove that college subsidies deserve priority over a thousand other demands on government. The success of an income-contingent loan program would, at the very least, force advocates of college subsidies to | Economic Scene; The Dukakis Plan On College Loans |
177517_1 | to strangle a marshmallow. Public ones have political constituencies that are as tenacious as those of post offices and military installations. Even private colleges that have lost their natural constituencies have a way of surviving by finding new ones. Also involved are some profound trends that have gone largely unnoticed by those who rely on the easy link between the number of 18-year-olds in the population and the number of warm bodies in colleges. The first is a growing awareness of the value of a college education. Much has been heard over the last decade about the number of college graduates working in jobs that do not require a college degree. Indeed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that in 1986 at least a quarter of employed college graduates fell into this category. In its latest manpower projections, though, the bureau estimates that by the year 2000 no more than 5 percent of college graduates will be in jobs for which they are overqualified. ''The oversupply is shrinking,'' says Jon Q. Sargent, a bureau economist. Moreover, the income of college graduates is now steadily rising in relation to that of workers with less education. Rediscovery of the economic value of higher education is not only inspiring a higher percentage of high school graduates to enroll in college but also leading many of them to ''buy up.'' Witness the record number of applicants beating down the doors of the most costly, selective private colleges and universities. The reasoning seems to be: if college is a good investment, then it makes more sense to drop $20,000 a year at some Ivy than to spend $10,000 at Old Middlin'. A second change is that today's 18-year-olds grew up with educational expectations that differ sharply from those of their predecessors. Higher education in the United States went through an enormous expansion in the 1960's. Now the children of those first-generation college students are beginning to reach college age themselves. For the first time American colleges and universities have the luxury of dealing with a generation of students in which a substantial proportion grew up always expecting to go to college. Finally, college enrollment in general has been sustained by the growing diversity of the college population. A leading demographer of education, Harold L. Hodgkinson, points out that only a quarter of today's 12.6 million students fit the image of the ''typical'' undergraduate: full-time and | Education; Lessons |
177353_1 | 35-nation conference in Vienna that is drafting the mandate for a new forum on conventional disarmament from the Atlantic to the Urals. The two Foreign Ministers appealed for a swift conclusion to the conference, which has been stalled by Rumania's refusal to accept certain texts on human rights. A senior presidential adviser explained that Mr. Mitterrand's re-election had marked the end of a period in which France often seemed to stress a prickly vigilance rather than genuine commitment to the idea of weapons reductions in Europe. For two years, the Socialist President had been obliged to share power with Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, a neo-Gaullist conservative who had a majority in Parliament. ''The President wants France to be an active partner, not a passive one,'' the Mitterrand adviser said. ''France should participate at all levels of disarmament discussions without being paralyzed by fears and ulterior motives.'' Exasperation Before the Shift Until the policy shift, France's tactics on the conventional weapons issue had exasperated a number of allied diplomats, notably American ones, who had sought to forge a consensus in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization at various high-level meetings in Brussels and other capitals. ''It is not unfair to say that up to now their approach had been to try to block progress at all costs,'' an American diplomat said. ''Their tactic had been to give strong lip service to the goal and use all kinds of arguments and procedural debates to slow things down.'' A British official said the French ''are obsessed with the possibility that by hook or by crook the Russians will get to the nuclear systems through the conventional talks.'' French officials defend their tenacious position within NATO as preventing the alliance from accepting a posture that would permit the Warsaw Pact to gain easy advantages in the eventual negotiations. They have put forward a complicated system of zones and ratios - between foreign and indigeneous troops - and have opposed the idea of bloc-to-bloc talks to conserve France's diplomatic autonomy. 'Stability,' not Numerical Parity The Mitterrand adviser stressed that the new French position, which is still being debated in detail, would not amount to ''a radical reversal,'' and he said Paris would insist on negotiations that lead to ''stability'' between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact, not numerical parity. President Mitterrand is known to be worried that frustration in West Germany over the | On Disarming, France Opens a Door |
177496_1 | violated China's policy encouraging one-child families'' (news article, Aug. 6). Further, according to new guidelines, the United States may in some cases consider noncompliance with China's population policy ''an act of political defiance sufficient to establish refugee status.'' As the article notes, the Chinese Government insists that it does not condone forced abortion or compulsory sterilization to achieve its population plan. In addition, State Department officials maintain that coercive birth-control practices are now relatively rare in China. It is unfortunate that China's claims and the State Department's view both fly in the face of reality. As recently as last year, Chinese authorities implemented particularly severe birth-control measures in Canton. Last August, the Chinese journal China Spring published the full text of birth-control regulations that were put into effect Jan. 1, 1987, in the Dongpu precinct of Canton's Tianhe district. The original document was obtained by the organization that publishes China Spring, the Chinese Alliance for Democracy, a New York-based Chinese dissident group with underground cells in China. According to the text, translated last October in the English-language bimonthly digest of China Spring, the following rules are included in the birth-control directives: ''To have a baby outside of marriage is to engage in criminal behavior. Any pregnant woman who is not married should be ordered to have an abortion. . . . Any woman who does not have an intrauterine device inserted within four months after giving birth shall be fined 20 yuan per month until she accepts the device. . . . If a woman who has had one child fails at birth control, the pregnancy must be terminated and the woman sterilized.'' Even more distressing is a section of the directive that seems to encourage infanticide by offering a reduction in the very high fine for unauthorized births: ''If any unauthorized baby dies within three months of birth, the penalty will be only 300 yuan.'' Given that reports of state-sanctioned infanticide by hospital doctors and the widespread killing of female babies by their parents are not new to China, it is unlikely that the deaths referred to in the directive would all be acts of nature. In this country, contraception and abortion are subject to varying interpretations and heated debate. However, forced sterilization and infanticide are heinous forms of ''birth control'' and must be condemned as actions that violate humanity and decency. BRADFORD TREBACH New York, Aug. 20, 1988 | China Takes Harsh Population Measures |
159117_3 | is prospective (studying health problems of a test population as they develop) rather than retrospective (taking a sample population and then trying to look back to see what might have happened to them). The Kaiser Permanente study was retrospective. The Mount Sinai study is awaiting Federal funds. The studies seem to indicate that the association of pregnancy problems and computers is real, but that it is impossible to ascertain, at least at this stage of research, whether the computer is the culprit, or if working conditions are to blame. Women who use VDT's in jobs outside the home may have little to say about how their offices and work stations are arranged and how much time they spent at their machines. People who use PC's at home have more freedom. While the cause of the miscarriages was not determined in the study, home users will want to be aware of ways to minimize stress, discomfort and potential radiation harm. It makes sense to take frequent breaks from the computer screen during the day, including getting up and walking around, focusing eyes on distant as well as near objects and trying to reduce glare and muscle fatigue in the eyes as well as in the body. If radiation is the culprit, it is probably coming from the ''flyback transformer'' at the back of the video display terminal. In other words, it is most concentrated to the rear of the computer rather than to the front, where the operator sits. In office settings, then, try to avoid being behind someone else's terminal. Some women have considered wearing lead aprons, a rather drastic, uncomfortable and perhaps ineffective precaution. In the Kaiser Permanente study there was no statistically significant increase in miscarriages among women who used VDT's fewer than 20 hours a week. Thus it would seem prudent for pregnant women to avoid spending more than 20 hours a week in front of the tube. This is certain to become a major labor issue, because most employers have been antagonistic to requests by labor unions to provide pregnant women with alternative non-VDT work on the job site. If stress is the culprit in the Kaiser study, the answer may lie in ergonomics, the science of making equipment, tools and furniture conform to the needs of the human body, rather than vice versa. It's an issue we'll look at in greater depth later. PERSONAL COMPUTERS | Questions On Health And PC's |
158986_1 | the people is under way. New methods of economic management are growing more effective, industrial amalgamations and enterprises are beginning to work on the lines of cost-effectiveness and self-recoupment in compliance with the law on the state enterprise (amalgamation). The law on cooperatives in the U.S.S.R. has been drafted, extensively discussed and adopted. New and progressive forms of shop-floor labor relations based on contract and lease arrangements, and also self-employment are coming into their own. The organizational structures of management are being remodeled to provide most favorable conditions for effective economic management of primary economic units. The work launched at the party's initiative has made it possible to resume the growth of the real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are taken to step up the output of foodstuffs and consumer goods and expand housing construction semicolon and the reforms of education and medical care are under way. Intellectual and cultural activities are giving a powerful impetus to the country's advance.... Thus, perestroika is entering ever deeper the life of Soviet society, having an increasingly transforming effect on it. At the same time the conference notes that perestroika is a contradictory and hard process accompanied by the struggle between old and new. And though positive tendencies are evident and the first results have already been achieved, a cardinal change in economic, social and cultural development is yet to occur. The mechanism of retardation has not yet been totally dismantled and replaced by a mechanism of acceleration. ... The economic structure remains, on the whole, cost-intensive. Scientific and technological progress is yet slow, and the plans for increasing the national income and resource-saving are not fulfilled. There is no noticeable improvement in product quality. The country's finances are still in a bad state. Tensions remain in the supply of foodstuffs and consumer goods, and the population's demand for the services is not fully met. The housing problem remains acute. ... At all stages of public, state and economic activity there are still many people who do not want or cannot part with the command style of administration, and painfully react to everything new. There are many others who are frightened by the scope and depth of perestroika, who would prefer to stop halfway and limit the revolutionary content of perestroika by half-measures. At the same time, there have been attempts to speed up the developments artificially and skip whole stages, | Key Parts of Soviet Plan for Change |
158955_0 | LEAD: Scientists have injected 2,200 corn stalks with a microbe effective against the destructive European corn borer in the first approved outdoor test of a genetically engineered ''plant vaccine.'' Scientists have injected 2,200 corn stalks with a microbe effective against the destructive European corn borer in the first approved outdoor test of a genetically engineered ''plant vaccine.'' Environmental groups did not oppose the tests, which were approved by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Agriculture. The tests of the microbe, designated Cxc-Bt, were conducted Thursday at the Federal experimental station here and on corn planted on land on the Eastern Shore of Maryland owned by p Genetics International, which developed the organism. Only one other genetically engineered crop protector, Frostban, a frost-inhibiting microbe, has been approved for field testing by the Environmental Protection Agency. A Destructive Pest ''I think the result could be reduced use of chemicals for crop protection,'' said Peter Carlson, Crop Genetics' chief scientist. Maureen Hinkle, director of agriculture policy for the Audubon Society, said the organization was waiting to see whether there is adequate testing and regulation of products like Cxc-Bt. The organism is just the beginning of a rush of perhaps hundreds of similiar products, she said. The corn borer, a moth larva introduced to the United States in 1908, is one of agriculture's most destructive pests, attacking about 200 plant species, Crop Genetics said. It costs American farmers $400 million a year, according to the Agriculture Department. Mr. Carlson said the main purpose of the test was to determine whether the living pesticide would spread from plant to plant, an undesireable effect. Ulcer-Inducing Microbe The microbe has been genetically altered to attack the alkaline stomach of corn borers, giving them ulcers. It does not affect people, according to researchers. In previous laboratory experiments, the microbe killed the borers in petrie dishes and sickened them when tested in a greenhouse, the company said. Jeremy Rifkin, president of the Washington-based Foundation on Economic Trends and a critic of genetic engineering, said the pesticide had not been shown to work in greenhouse tests and has lowered corn yields during some tests. | Gene-Altered 'Vaccine' For Corn Is Tested |
164125_3 | freight canoes might not put ashore for days and often ate only pemmican, or dried meat. The first sailing ship to navigate the Great Lakes, the Griffin or Griffon, disappeared on its return voyage from Lake Michigan to Niagara in 1679, and the disappearance has remained a mystery. In April 1849, William Swain, a Youngstown, N.Y., man going to the gold diggings in California, crossed Lake Michigan in a steamship, the Michigan, and wrote in his diary: ''In crossing the lake in the afternoon the sea was heavy, and the boat rolled and pitched until the tables, chairs, stands and settees all took to themselves legs and danced in great confusion around the room. It was with difficulty that we could keep our seats or feet by holding onto the posts and other parts of the boat.'' Things improved. The first steamer with an iron hold, the Onokos, was built in 1882 and the first steel ship, the Spokane, in 1886. As America industrialized, Great Lakes shipping assumed immense proportions; there was not only freight and ferry service but also excursion trips to the far reaches of the lakes, and gala sailings with bands, on Memorial Day, the Fourth of July and Labor Day. The New York Yankees would take a boat on road trips between Cleveland and Detroit. Benny Goodman played some of his early music on lake boats. In 1941, the Works Project Administration guide to Michigan listed eight ferry lines on the Great Lakes. TODAY, shipping remains substantial on the Great Lakes even with declines in recent years because of the substantial contraction of the American steel industry, whose vessels, hauling iron ore, coal, limestone and finished steel products accounted for substantial amounts of Great Lakes commerce. But with the advent of expressways and air travel, the glory days of lake travel have largely disappeared. That's what makes the City of Midland 41 so special. The last time we took the trip, my wife and I purchased a bottle of champagne and, sitting in deck chairs, watched the water, the passing vessels and the sky and drank the champagne. This was on a morning run, too. I cannot make the claims that a Cincinnati physician did in 1842 for Great Lakes travel. He wrote that the lakes traveler would escape from ''the region of miasmas, mosquitos, congestive jaundice, cholera morbus, dispepsia . . . on the whole | Across Lake Michigan On a Deck Chair |
164135_3 | unaccompanied children - it does regulate the air transport of pets - the rise in the number of unaccompanied child passengers has made the Department of Transportation anxious. In 1986 it pulled together a leaflet called ''Kids and Teens in Flight,'' which some airlines distribute, as does the department. The hope was to suggest to parents that leaving a child at the airport was not so simple as dropping a child off at school. The department also wanted to guide parents in preparing a child for a solo trip. Obliquely, the leaflet also equips parents to press the airlines for intelligent care of children. The leaflet includes two copies of what the department calls the Travel Card. This is to be filled out once for the trip away from home and once for the trip back. The cards are for the parent to present if the airline neglects to record the minimum necessary information: phone numbers and addresses of the people sending the child and the same for those meeting the child, flight numbers, including connecting flights, last destination, ticket number, seat number and any passport number and any medical or dietary information that the airlines need to know. The leaflet summarizes several items of ''general airline policy'' although it says that you should ask the airline what its specific policy is. For example, on the question of whether the child is being picked up by the right person, the summary says: ''Unaccompanied children will be delivered by the flight attendant to the gate agent. The child must be met by the responsible adult listed on the Travel Card or unaccompanied-minor form. Proper identification and signature are required before the child's release. The airline must be notified of any changes.'' ACTUALLY, a number of airline spokesmen said, a signature is seldom asked for. If a child being walked past the security area runs to someone waiting, the airline considers its duty to identify the ''responsible adult'' fulfilled. However, Mrs. Wyatt said that she thought an airline would honor a parent's request not to release the child without getting positive identification. All the airline spokesmen who were asked said that employees were trained to keep custody of a hesitant child until the waiting party's identification was matched with information the airline had. One question that this raises is whether a child who was supposed to be met by someone else might | Practical Traveler; Precautions to Take When Children Fly Alone |
164241_0 | LEAD: What's distinctive about the following paragraph? What's distinctive about the following paragraph? Democrat Michael Dukakis is better at politics than economics, better at tactics than strategy, lacks charisma and has an orthodox bureaucratic persona; he can synthesize ethnic blocs, and is a pragmatist, not a demagogue. What's distinctive is that all the key words derive from Greek. Those who find Mr. Dukakis's origins exotic may be astonished to find they have been speaking Greek all their lives, just as Moliere's character was pleased to discover he was talking prose. Some 2,500 years ago, with epic results, rocky Attica and its city-states plunged into fissionable arguments over history, ethics, philosophy, theology, physics, chemistry, geography, mathematics, astronomy, sociology and psychology - every word a Greek compound. ''Cracy'' is Greek for rule or government, and ''demos'' are the people; similar compounds yielded aristocracy, plutocracy and theocracy. Anarchy is Greek for absence of government, oligarchy for rule by the few. Tyrant is a Hellenic word, so is despot, as is their nemesis, the tyrannicide. ''Polis'' pertains to a city-state, and ''ic'' to a body of knowledge; hence politics - and by the same logic (from ''logos'' or word) tactics, physics, statistics. ''Doxy'' is opinion or doctrine; hence orthodoxy and heterodoxy. ''Ology'' is a branch of knowledge; hence theology, astrology and cosmology. Pragmatic is from ''pragmatikos,'' meaning versed in state affairs. And ''charisma'' stems from the word for gift, which, according to ancient ethnic (from the word for nation) slander, is to be regarded warily when the bearer is Greek. Over to you, Governor Dukakis. TOPICS OF THE TIMES | It's All Greek |
164111_19 | and false. I had, besides, as I had wished, become better acquainted with Sarah and Stacey; in a 38-foot boat at sea, not much can be hidden. Whether I knew them better, or they me, is something else. I fear my granddaughter may remember mostly a queasy and querulous old man with 10 days of grizzled beard. I will remember her not least for a certain acerbic independence - a child, like her parents, not easily to be incorporated within the world's demanding routines. Escape from those routines seems to me a prime reason why people are drawn to the sea. Not that ocean sailing doesn't make its demands and impose its rules, severe ones at that; but these are shaped from the fundamental need to survive in nature - a far different thing from the inculcated desire to flourish in society. The sea's rules can be ignored only at real, physical peril, not at mere risk of social or financial penalty. For those who can meet the demands of sea and weather - elemental challenges long lost to modern technological societies - the boatman's life can be unhurried, footloose, rewarding in itself rather than as a passage to something else, whether affluence or power or both. Such a life can be content - the opposite of the rat race. Having accidentally arrived, for example, at Christmas Island, Grey and Sarah - taking things as they came - determined to stay awhile. They would fish, snorkel, dive, enjoy life in the sun with Stacey; and one day, someday, they would get around to the rudder repairs that would have to be made before they could sail on. The next day, however, a shaven, chastened grandfather gratefully caught the weekly three-hour flight from Christmas to Honolulu. I was eager to get back to my life, the kind of demands with which I had learned more or less to cope - back, as I had so often wished in the grimmest hours at sea, to terra firma. But as I tried vainly, after takeoff, to catch a last glimpse of Vamonos anchored offshore, I still could hear Grey's exultant voice, as we finally departed Honolulu and he explained himself and his life better than he ever had: ''Now all I have to do is what I've got to do to sail my boat!'' Correction: July 31, 1988, Sunday, Late City Final Edition | Rough Passage |
161625_0 | LEAD: Travelers are carrying less luggage onto airplanes this summer, and probably worrying more. Travelers are carrying less luggage onto airplanes this summer, and probably worrying more. Passengers have long been dubious about airlines' abilities to produce checked bags at the end of a flight. But now, because of new regulations, travelers must hand over more luggage and hope they don't join the 2.4 million people who complained to the Transportation Department in the past nine months about lost, delayed, damaged and pilfered luggage. The complaints amount to 8.3 for every 1,000 passengers. Herta Prechtl, an executive of Weight Watchers, was one such statistic. When she and three associates flew from Boston to New York earlier this year, they checked their luggage, but waited in vain at the baggage carousel. ''I was furious, exasperated and completely frustrated,'' she said. ''Now for short flights, I only take carry-on.'' For vacation travel, however, the carry-on option may no longer solve the problem. On Jan. 1, the Federal Aviation Administration ruled that a passenger may take only two bags of modest size on board. The rule is not uniformly enforced. ''We make the decision flight by flight,'' said Dick Cozzi, a managing director of Pan American World Airways. It depends on how full the plane is, he said, ''and in first class and Clipper class, we generally can accept more.'' Nevertheless, for the first time in years, travelers cannot assume they will be able to persuade someone at the gate to allow things like camping gear in the cabin. ''When you make reservations, ask the airline specifically what the carry-on limitations are,'' said Christopher Witkowski of the Aviation Consumer Action Project in Washington. Most allow at least a briefcase and one suitcase or garment bag whose overall dimensions add up to no more than 45 inches, but standards vary. Some luggage stores and manufacturers will also provide the information. Samsonite, for example, is planning to give the airlines' size limits on display tags on its Ultravalet bag. For the luggage you check, Mary O'Neill of American Airlines offers some standard advice: make sure it is durable, has a sturdy lock and is not overpacked; label it inside and outside with name, address and phone number; carry a list of the contents; pay attention when destination tags are affixed, and be sure you have all your claim checks. If a bag doesn't show up, | COPING: With Lost Luggage |
160474_0 | LEAD: The heads of major international aid organizations pledged today to insure that the projects they finance in the third world will not harm the environment. The heads of major international aid organizations pledged today to insure that the projects they finance in the third world will not harm the environment. They called for new steps to control population growth; measures to protect soil, air and water; a halt to deforestation, and stricter controls over toxic wastes. But the officials, many of them from developing countries, also stressed the need to maintain rapid economic growth and to reduce poverty in the third world. The United Nations Secretary General, Javier Perez de Cuellar, said he would set up a task force to coordinate the drive to make third world development viable and sustainable. The heads of the development agencies called for a ''new global ethic'' that would insure that the economic advance of developing countries took greater account of the needs of future generations and was freed from ''the tyranny of the immediate.'' They called on industrialized nations to help the third world achieve ecologically sound development by easing debt burdens, increasing aid and opening r markets to more imports. The meeting this weekend brought together the heads of all the United Nations agencies dealing with third world development, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations Development Program and the World Health Organization. Together these agencies commit an annual average of over $20 billion to third world development. | Aid Donors Stress Environment |
160471_0 | LEAD: Daniel Lim is suffering from hypergamy, a widespread ailment that is causing Singapore's Government serious concern about the future of its economy, social structure and national defense. Daniel Lim is suffering from hypergamy, a widespread ailment that is causing Singapore's Government serious concern about the future of its economy, social structure and national defense. Hypergamy is the tendency to marry ''upward,'' used here to refer to the practice of women who choose a husband better educated, wealthier, even taller than they are - and to stay single if they cannot find such a person. Fully 30 percent of college-educated women in Singapore, unable to find Prince Charming, remain unmarried today - even as nearly all their poorly educated sisters continue to marry and have babies. Settling for What's Left Men like Mr. Lim, according to Government officials, often end up marrying ''downward'' - hypogamy - after they fail to win a woman of their own educational level. Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew expressed alarm at what he said this was doing to the gene pool a few years back, asserting: ''Levels of competence will decline, our economy will falter, our administration will suffer, and society will decline.'' Apart from quality, quantity is also worrying Singpapore's planners in light of the overwhelming success of the ''two is enough'' campaign for offspring in small families. The planners are aiming for growth from the current population of 2.6 million to a goal of 3.4 million in the next few years. But the fertility rate - the number of children a woman is likely to bear - has dropped from 4.7 in 1965 to 1.44 last year, below the replacement rate of 2.1. A year ago, the acting Health Minister, Yeo Cheow Tong, warned that the resulting decline in the young population would mean a drop in the tax base to support the elderly, as well as a lack of recruits for the armed forces. Redirected Incentives In hopes that a new campaign will work as well as the old one, the Government is now urging people to have bigger families. It is offering a package of incentives that replace previous inducements to ''stop at two.'' These include tax rebates, child-care subsidies and priorities in school admissions and in obtaining government-subsidized housing. And in an effort to assure quality in a hoped-for baby boom, the Government has instituted a matchmaking service that seeks | Singapore Journal; How to Marry Up, and Avoid the Frogs and Nerds |
165755_3 | 1985 British-Irish accord on Northern Ireland aimed at reducing the sectarian violence, the Rev. Gordon McMullan, the Anglican Bishop of Down and Dromore, told the crowd that overflowed into the courtyard: ''The spokesmen who represent the killers have made their excuses and expressed their regrets. But the fact is that Robin, Maureen and little David are dead because some people set out with lawless intent and deliberate planning to inflict injury and death on other human beings. If it had not been these members of the Hanna family, it would have been the members of some other family. The plotters planned death and death is what ensued.'' The I.R.A.'s target was Judge Ian Higgins, a Catholic senior jurist in Belfast who had returned to Dublin from New York on the same Aer Lingus flight as the Hanna family with his wife and daughter. Officials of British-controlled Northern Ireland, particularly judges, are often targets of the I.R.A., which knew of Judge Higgins's travel plans. The I.R.A. said that Judge Higgins ''was unexpectedly delayed'' near the Irish border, while the Hannas' vehicle, traveling on the Dublin-Belfast road, was mistakenly sighted as the judge's car. Mr. Hanna, a plumbing and heating contractor, and his wife and their youngest child, died instantly, when a 1,000-pound mine was detonated by remote control. The couple's two remaining children, Pauline, 19, and Peter, 17, seemed stunned and in shock today. Catholic Bishop Appears ''It's just sad that the people who planned this and did this were not here in this church to see the results of what they did,'' said Cahal Daly, Bishop of Down and Connor, one of the highest-ranking Catholic clergymen in Northern Ireland, who appeared unexpectedly at the funeral for the Hanna family. ''This heartbreaking spectacle of three coffins carried out of this church today, and two teen-age young people orphaned, it's unbearably sad,'' he said, as mourners shuffled past him. ''There was the other funeral in the Markets this morning - their tears are exactly the same color, their heartbreak is exactly the same as the children here today,'' said Bishop Daly. He added that he hoped to pay his condolences to the Davison family in the next few days but had not attended their son's funeral ''for obvious reasons.'' Mr. Davison was a member of the I.R.A., which the church opposes. ''We're all together,'' he added quietly, ''victims of a united suffering.'' | In Ulster, a Tale of 2 Funerals: Death Bridges a Fierce Divide |
163778_0 | LEAD: Regardless of the outcome of Mayor Koch's peace pilgrimage to Ireland, his trip there this week has brought a good measure of peace to City Hall. Regardless of the outcome of Mayor Koch's peace pilgrimage to Ireland, his trip there this week has brought a good measure of peace to City Hall. The boss-is-away-syndrome was evident throughout New York City's jewelbox of a capitol, from the press office, where the mayoral spokesman, Leland T. Jones, has been showing up for work tieless, to the parking lot, where the Mayor's Cadillac has not been showing up at all. It was quiet on the first floor, where the Mayor's office was getting a fresh coat of cream-colored paint. It was quiet upstairs, too, where the Board of Estimate's next meeting is Aug. 11 and the City Council is not expected to meet until mid-August or hold a hearing until September. Who runs the city when the Mayor is away? First Deputy Mayor Stanley Brezenoff, who is the municipal government's chief operating officer even when the Mayor is in town. Mr. Koch makes no secret of how much he depends on his relatively little-known aide, whose desk is awash in file folders and reports and whose office lights are among the last to be switched off each night. #1st First Among Many Mr. Brezenoff is the first of the many deputies Mr. Koch has had over the years to have a ''first'' affixed to his title. Although the City Charter designates the Council President as Acting Mayor when the Mayor is away for more than nine days, incapacited or leaves office before the end of a term, Mr. Koch sent a letter to the City Clerk in September 1987, after his minor stroke, delegating many of his powers - but not those to sign laws or make appointments - to Mr. Brezenoff in case of a ''temporary inability to discharge the powers and duties of my office by reason of sickness or otherwise.'' By prearrangement, Mr. Koch has called Mr. Brezenoff at around noon New York time each day he has been away. On some days, the Mayor has called a second or third time as well. This does not appear to surprise Mr. Brezenoff. When the Mayor is in town, Mr. Brezenoff normally has an early morning session with him, meets with him often during the day, frequently talks to him | At City Hall - Peace, And Yes, Even Quiet |
158362_0 | LEAD: An article on the Health page on Thursday about screening for breast cancer gave an incorrect percentage for women over 40 who said they had a mammogram in the last year; the correct figure was 17 percent. The article also imprecisely paraphrased a Federal recommendation for women between the ages of 40 and 50; they are urged to have mammograms every one or two years. An article on the Health page on Thursday about screening for breast cancer gave an incorrect percentage for women over 40 who said they had a mammogram in the last year; the correct figure was 17 percent. The article also imprecisely paraphrased a Federal recommendation for women between the ages of 40 and 50; they are urged to have mammograms every one or two years. A word was omitted in a quotation from Kate Ruddon of the National Cancer Institute. She said, ''Breast cancer mortality would be reduced by 30 percent if women over 50 used mammograms.'' | Corrections |
159808_1 | of women. No woman has yet been consecrated as a bishop. The ''episcopal visitor'' could be invited to perform sacramental services like confirmation or ordination that are the bishop's responsibility. For example, it could be a parish that still has theological doubts about the validity of sacramental acts performed by women. A visitor could not act without the consent of the local bishop, however, and the text of the proposal said that nothing in it should be seen as abrogating the authority of the local bishop . The proposal, already approved by the 200-member Episcopal House of Bishops. was narrowly passed today by the 900-member House of Deputies, made up of equal numbers of members of the clergy and of lay people. The two bodies make up the church's General Convention, which meets every three years to set policy for the 2.8 million-member denomination. Because the proposal was amended slightly by the deputies, it must go back to the bishops for final approval. A Procedure Already in Effect Proponents argued that the proposal, particularly the provision on the authority of local bishops, only spelled out a procedure already possible under church law. Opponents replied that spelling out such a procedure was, according to the Rev. Bertram N. Herlong, a deputy from Michigan, ''gratuitious and patronizing'' for women. The opponent said that women who are bishops would find it difficult to refuse requests for visiting bishops, whether or not they thought the procedure was appropriate. ''If we pass this resolution, is it a retreat from full acceptance of ordained women in the church?'' asked the Rev. David S. Pollock, a deputy from the Washington, D.C. diocese. ''I submit that is is.'' Many speakers backing the measure stressed their support for the ordination of women. 'Insulting to Women' The Rev. Bavi Moore, a woman priest from California, described the resolution as an ''indictment'' of the fact that members of the church had not ''spoken to one another as we need to.'' She also called it ''insulting to women who may be ordained as bishops that we need to be told how we should act.'' ''And yet I support it,'' she continued. This is ''my personal vote for unity and dialogue and caring for one another,'' she said. A number of opponents of the measure, including black leaders in the church, criticized the proposal as reminiscent of 19th-century provisions for black Episcopal churchmen | PROPOSAL TO EASE CHURCH RIFT VOTED |
159645_0 | LEAD: The National Cancer Institute has begun a study of cancer deaths among people living near nuclear plants. The National Cancer Institute has begun a study of cancer deaths among people living near nuclear plants. Dr. John Boice, chief of radiation epidemiology at the institute, said on Wednesday that the study was prompted by a British survey completed last year. It found a higher incidence of leukemia among children and teen-agers living near nuclear plants, he said. The institute's study, which began earlier this year, will examine all types of cancer. ''We're focusing, of course, on the childhood leukemias because that's the concern that has been raised from the English study,'' Dr. Boice said. ''But we're going to be looking at all malignancies.'' Final Plans Approved An institute committee approved the final research plans for the project on Tuesday. ''We've gone through three reviews for the protocol - that's the normal thing - and have gotten all the approvals,'' Dr. Boice said. The project has so far encountered ''no major glitches.'' The initial phase of the project began early this year and was expected to be completed in 18 months, Dr. Boice said. The researchers do not know how long the entire survey will take. The institute's files, which date to 1950, are being used to compile data on cancer mortality rates for all counties that contain or are adjacent to nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities. Counties Have Been Located ''The counties where all the reactors are have been located,'' Dr. Boice said. ''We're matching counties based on mean income, percentage of urban and rural, and so forth.'' If the study finds high cancer rates near nuclear plants, the institute will send teams to interview people about their occupations and other factors that can affect cancer rates, Dr. Boice said. If not, he said, ''there's little justification to go in and do in-depth studies.'' In May 1987, a Massachusetts study reported that men living in a coastal strip that extends 20 miles north from a nuclear reactor in Plymouth were developing some forms of cancer more than 50 percent more frequently than the statewide rate. The study, endorsed by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, said that women in the four-mile-wide strip along the South Shore did not seem to be affected. The possible nuclear connection in the state's cancer data was first noted authoritatively in a report | Cancer in People Near Atom Plants Is Studied |
159340_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Gautam Adhikari refers to a television dialogue in which William F. Buckley Jr. and Mortimer Adler agreed that ''from Homer to the 19th century no great book has ever appeared from any non-European source'' (Op-Ed, June 10). Whatever qualification of the statement Mr. Adler may have made later, the issue is put in perspective by the large section devoted to the ''Great Books of the East'' in ''The Great Ideas Today'' annual for 1987 pubished by Encyclopaedia Brittanica Great Books, of which Mr. Adler is editor. This treatment includes a list of 58 great books of the major Asian traditions (Islamic, Indian, Chinese and Japanese) and essays on seven of them. The ''Great Books of the East'' referred to are those taught in Columbia University's Oriental humanities course. This was a 1940's outgrowth of the honors course instituted by John Erskine in the 20's and the Western humanities courses required of all Columbia undergraduates since 1937. Oriental humanities is thus cognate with the Chicago ''Great Books'' program, and recently celebrated its 40th anniversary. Far from being a recent discovery by Stanford University, or as Secretary of Education William J. Bennett and the education critic Allan Bloom might have it, a surrender of academic integrity to political know-nothingism, most of the ''Great Books of the East,'' besides being recognized as classics in their own traditions (as Mr. Adhikari trestifies for India), have been read and discussed by many of the great minds of the West for centuries. Columbia and Chicago have no problem with this, and neither really does Mr. Bennett, who, when chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities, supported the work at Columbia. But Professor Bloom and Stanford have a lot of catching up to do. WM. THEODORE DE BARY John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University, Columbia University New York, June 20, 1988 | Non-Western Classics Long on U.S. Campuses |
159258_0 | LEAD: The governing bodies of Anglican churches meeting on both sides of the Atlantic were struggling yesterday for ways to open religious offices to women without splintering their denominations. The governing bodies of Anglican churches meeting on both sides of the Atlantic were struggling yesterday for ways to open religious offices to women without splintering their denominations. In the United States, the issue is women as bishops. In England, it is women as priests. Yesterday, in Detroit, the House of Bishops of the Episcopal Church, the 2.8 million-member American offshoot of the Church of England, voted to endorse an intricate arrangement that it hopes would placate Episcopalians who object to women as bishops. The American church has ordained over 1,200 women as priests since 1976, and the election and consecration of a woman as a bishop is highly likely in the near future. Meanwhile, the Church of England, to which the Episcopal Church and other Anglican bodies trace their roots, took a preliminary step toward ordaining women as priests, a development that has been bitterly opposed by segments of laity and clergy. Yesterday, the annual General Synod, which brings together bishops, clergy and laity, approved a draft of legislation that would admit women to the priesthood but also provide those opposing such an action the right to exclude women from serving as priests in their parishes and dioceses. Both the American and English steps require further action. The draft legislation approved after intense debate in Westminster, England, must be approved by a majority of dioceses throughout the country before it is scheduled to be returned to the General Synod in 1992. At that point, it will have to get two-thirds approval. Yesterday's action followed mixed signals from the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. The Archbishop, whose position is a focal point of unity for the world's 70 million Anglicans, said on Monday that the priesthood would be enhanced by the admission of women. But he opposed the draft legislation as ill-timed and potentially divisive. He referred to the provision made for parishes and dioceses to refuse to be served by priests who are women. In Detroit, the action by the 200-member House of Bishops of the Episcopal Church now goes to the 900-member House of Deputies, made up of an equal number of elected clergy and laity from across the nation. The two houses form the Episcopal Church's General Convention, | Anglican Leaders Seek to Avoid Deeper Split on Women in Clergy |
159190_3 | it was going.'' For several years, Children's Express columns were syndicated by United Press International. Today they are self-syndicated, and the organization has bureaus around the world. The television show could help stimulate children's interest in the news. ''We address a primary newspaper concern: literacy and readership attrition,'' Mr. Clampitt said. ''Two years from now, I hope we'll have a true interrelationship with the newspapers.'' There is nothing soft about ''Children's Express Television Magazine.'' The first episodes, for example, will focus on the rights of children in psychiatric institutions. ''Jonathan Zachary, a 13-year-old reporter, went to three institutions with his mother, who is a doctor,'' Mr. Moses said. ''She asked whether she should lie about her son, and I told her to tell the truth. Is his room neat or messy? Messy? Say that. His grades went from all A's, to A's and some B's? Say that. He talks back to you sometimes? Say that. ''Each hospital admitted him within 20 minutes.'' The Budding Stars Mr. Zachary, who also conducted the interviews about G.I. Joe, could be the show's star. He and Rebecca Walkowitz, a 17-year-old senior editor who will leave Children's Express in the fall (after eight years) to attend Harvard University, just returned from a tour of Palestinian refugee camps, where they did interviews with Israeli and Palestinian children. ''The conditions were horrible,'' Mr. Zachary said yesterday. ''People say they're better than they are. There's almost no running water. I have a tear gas cannister, and rubber bullets that can put people's eyes out. The people throwing rocks are just 6 years old.'' Any of these topics could have been done on ''60 Minutes,'' Mr. Moses said, and the young reporters are aware of the impact of their work. ''I've always had the feeling it was important,'' said Ms. Walkowitz, who several years ago reported a trip to Japan for Children's Express. ''In Hiroshima, we spent a day just looking at the reels, footage of the actual bombing. It was hard to take, but I felt it was important to see.'' The television reporters earn as much as $450 a week - which is $450 more than their print colleagues earn. But the work can have its down side, as well. ''It's becoming harder and harder for me to do print,'' Mr. Zachary admitted. ''I'm burned out. Next year I'm going to do less television so I don't | TV News From the Mouths of Babes |
165182_1 | trends have affected not only traditionally high-profile fields like high-energy physics, but new ones like English literature. And it has caused some college presidents to begin sounding like George Steinbrenner. ''We've entered the era of free agency,'' the president of Columbia University, Michael I. Sovern, said. ''If you want to stay competitive, you have to pay a lot more.'' The new sellers' market has also brought changes in recruiting tactics. Colleges that could once lure professors by assuring them a comfortable tenured existence at a prestigious institution are putting together detailed packages that include not only high salaries, but also corner offices, extra time off between regular sabbaticals, travel money, housing assistance, secretarial help and the pulling of strings to find jobs for spouses. ''I've learned everything you'd ever want to know about landscape architecture,'' said Susan Resneck Parr, dean of arts and sciences at the University of Tulsa. She recently persuaded a Johns Hopkins English professor to go to Tulsa by helping place his wife in a job in landscape architecture. Duke University routinely assigns a full-time faculty member to chaperone visiting job candidates and assure that everything from the hotel reservations to the ride back to the airport goes smoothly. Word from the grapevine that a well-known academician is getting a divorce or was on the losing side of a power struggle is enough to invite inquiries. ''We're even prepared to deal with requests for season basketball tickets,'' said Stanley Fish, chairman of the English department at Duke, where that sport is not taken lightly. Colleges have been raiding one another for faculty members ever since Harvard sent recruiters to European universities to fill America's first endowed chairs in the early 1700's. But the causes of the free agency are recent. First, as dramatized by Houston's desire to retain Professor Chu, scholarly developments in fields such as physics, computer science and engineering have increasingly become important to local and state economies. Secondly, demographic changes have altered the traditional balance of supply and demand. Most of the faculty members hired in the enormous post-Sputnik expansion of American higher education will be retiring in the next decade. But the ranks behind them are thin. That is because, with a high proportion of tenured positions already locked up, relatively few students - and even fewer of the brightest ones - sought Ph.D.'s in the 70's and 80's. Then there is the | LESSONS |
165037_2 | Union and other Soviet bloc countries as they experiment with free enterprise and other aspects of capitalism. ''There are no two identical revolutionary processes,'' he said. ''No two identical national characteristics.'' ''If someone has a toothache,'' the 61-year-old leader said as a full moon rose over a sea of straw hats in the huge Revolutionary Plaza, ''why should he wear a corn plaster? And if he has a problem with his own corns, why should he take something for a toothache?'' Castro's Economics For the last two years, Mr. Castro has been preaching an economic policy that he calls rectification. He introduced rectification after he became convinced that a limited venture into free enterprise, in which farmers sold their produce for whatever the market could bear, was corrupting Cuba. Mr. Castro has eliminated material incentives and has used moral arguments to press Cubans to be more productive. The Soviet Union provides Cuba with $10 million a day in economic aid and has provided enough military equipment to enable Cuba to build the largest combat force in Latin America, with about 300,000 military personnel. Mr. Castro argued tonight that Cuba must make its own way and not rely on others for intellectual direction or defense. He said the key to a strong Cuba is purity of Cuban-developed ideology. He pointed out that Cuba lies only 90 miles from the United States. He referred to the United States as the ''most powerful imperialist country in the world'' and said that it ''would like to swallow up Cuba like a ripe fruit'' but that ''with all its conspiracies and machinations it has not been able to.'' Soviets Too Far Away Mr. Castro said it was not a question of the Soviet Union's not wanting to defend Cuba but that such a role for Moscow was impossible. ''We are not a few kilometers from the Soviet Union,'' he said. ''This country is 10,000 miles away from the Soviet Union. If our country had a problem with the revolutionary process weakened, who can say how anyone could help us?'' In his remarks on the conflict in southern Africa, Mr. Castro emphasized that negotiations were continuing, and he said he wanted to be ''very careful not to hurt anyone's feelings.'' He did not repeat accusations he has made in the past characterizing South Africa as a racist nation, nor did he reiterate his demands that South | Castro Foresees Accord Ending War in Angola |
165165_1 | in every state, since the companies conduct business nationwide. Mr. Honig said he was particularly concerned about solicitations sent to recent immigrants, who he said did not yet understand the educational system and might believe they were obligated to pay to have their child's name listed in the directories. One of the companies named by Mr. Honig at a news conference here earlier this month was the United States Achievement Academy, based in Lexington, Ky. Dr. George Stevens, the company's founder and director, said in a telephone interview that his company was ''proud of providing a publication'' that gives a student ''a record of his achievement for the rest of his life.'' Dr. Stevens was licensed as a dentist in Kentucky for three years in the mid-1970's, but he said he had never practiced dentistry. Directory Costs $35 ''We are not a scam,'' he said of his company. ''We provide a meaningful service.'' The company charges $35 for its book, the ''Academic All-American Scholar Directory.'' Mr. Honig said the California Education Code forbids schools to release lists of students to for-profit companies without the written consent of the parents of minors. But he added that local school officials had not known that the companies, which use such titles as the National Secondary Education Council, were not educational organizations. Mr. Honig showed a letter from Outstanding High School Students of America, a branch of an Indianapolis-based company, Outstanding Students of America. The letter congratulates students for being ''nominated'' for inclusion in the company's directory and tells them it will bring ''their distinguished status to the attention of leading U.S. colleges and corporations.'' A letter from another branch of the same company, Outstanding College Students of America, said its directory was ''a powerful tool for university graduate schools and corporations in supplementing their standard recruiting efforts.'' It also said it ''distributes this directory to major colleges, universities and corporations throughout the country for their use in student admissions, employment and internship selection.'' Survey of State Colleges Mr. Honig said a California Education Department survey of all the public colleges and universities in the state found that most had never received copies of any of the companies' directories, and most of those that did had discarded them. Telephone calls to the offices of Outstanding Students of America listed in Indianapolis and Washington were not returned. The letters from Outstanding Students were signed by | A Warning on Student Directories |
161513_0 | LEAD: When Pepsico Inc. introduced Slice four years ago, the first line of sodas with real fruit juice was a smash success. But Slice, which was originally considered a marketing coup, now seems to be losing its fizz. When Pepsico Inc. introduced Slice four years ago, the first line of sodas with real fruit juice was a smash success. But Slice, which was originally considered a marketing coup, now seems to be losing its fizz. Indeed, it is starting to look like a case study of how difficult it is to create a new consumer brand with staying power - especially in a market in which consumers are fickle and competitors are quick to copy any successful product. By May 1987, Slice, which is 10 percent juice, had captured an impressive 3.2 percent of the $40 billion cola-dominated American market. But by last May, Slice's share had fallen to 2.1 percent and Beverage Digest, an industry newsletter, is about to publish statistics showing Slice's share below 2 percent. (Colas hold about 70 percent of the soft-drink market, lemon-lime drinks have 10 to 12 percent and orange drinks, 5 to 8 percent.) ''Juice-based soft drinks don't appear to have a bright future,'' said Emanuel Goldman, an analyst with Montgomery Securities Inc. Pepsico's Goal Pepsico officials say they hoped to persuade consumers that a soda with real juice tasted better than such fruit-flavored sodas as 7-Up and Sprite, which contain none. And although the company denies it, industry analysts believe that Pepsico also hoped the juice content would appeal to health-conscious buyers. Whatever the reason, consumers initially loved lemon-lime Slice, the first of the line, and Pepsi quickly added mandarin orange, apple and cherry cola, and a diet of each. Coca-Cola and other soft-drink companies countered with competitive juice-added drinks and predictions abounded that the ''juice-added'' segment would continue to grow. One problem for Pepsico was that competitors chose names for their products that consumers already associated with juice, such as Coke's Minute Maid orange soda and Cadbury Schweppes's Sunkist brand. ''The barriers were very easy to penetrate by brands that had more equity built up in their name, such as Minute Maid,'' said Michael Norkus, president of the Alliance Consulting Group of Cambridge, Mass. Juice Content Cut Then last year consumer excitement for juice-added sodas seemed to fade, and manufacturers reacted by cutting their sodas' juice content, which had made these | Slice: Case Study of a Setback |
161489_2 | were Myriam Arguello, who heads a faction of the Conservative Party; Agustine Jarquin Anaya, a leader of the Social Christian Party; Luis Alberto Carballo, brother of Rev. Bismarck Carballo, who runs the Catholic radio station, and Carlos Huembes, president of the Democratic Coordinator, the opposition coalition that organized Sunday's march. The coalition's secretary, Roger Guevara Mena, was arrested Wednesday. ''The Government is trying to decapitate the civilian opposition in this country,'' said Duilio Bartodano, an opposition figure who was not detained. For several years, the Government has been complaining that the San Antonio complex was not producing to capacity. The pro-Government newspaper Nuevo Diario asserted today that it was growing less than half as much sugar per acre as was being grown on state-owned farms. Neither Alfredo Pellas, the elderly patriarch of the family that runs San Antonio, or his son Carlos, who has been the chief administrator, were available today. But associates said the Government had failed to supply enough hard currency to maintain the farm and refinery. Government Buys All Sugar Under Nicaraguan law, all sugar grown at plantations like San Antonio must be sold to the Government, which has a monopoly on foreign trade. The Government receives dollars for the sugar it sells on the international market but pays farmers in local currency. ''The San Antonio complex needs a million dollars a year for tires alone,'' said a farm executive familiar with the farm. ''They need money to buy rat poison, irrigation equipment and all kinds of goods that can only be bought with dollars. The Government never was able to provide enough dollars to keep San Antonio going.'' In announcing the seizure of the plantation, Mr. Wheelock said the Government was concerned over ''outbreaks of indiscipline'' by workers there. This was apparently a reference to labor conflicts that have become common there. The Government has sought to organize workers into a Sandinista union, but many have chosen to affiliate with the opposition Confederation of Labor Unity. ''We are worried that our people are going to be thrown out of their homes now, and that the Government will use the new work force for political purposes,'' said Alvin Guthrie, who heads the labor confederation. Workers on Government farms are often transported to take part in pro-Sandinista demonstrations. On the eve of the opposition rally Sunday in Nandaime, hundreds of peasants from a nearby state-owned sugar plantation were | Managua Confiscates Sugar Farm, Nation's Largest Private Business |
160669_0 | LEAD: A TEXAS research group has patented a genetic ''branding iron'' for indelibly marking strains of laboratory animals to foil would-be mouse rustlers, flynappers and other genetic claim jumpers. A TEXAS research group has patented a genetic ''branding iron'' for indelibly marking strains of laboratory animals to foil would-be mouse rustlers, flynappers and other genetic claim jumpers. Dr. Thomas O. Baldwin and his colleagues at Texas A & M University developed the system to identify organisms illegally bred from patented, genetically altered ancestors. The potential economic importance of genetic branding was highlighted by a recent landmark patent issued to two Harvard scientists for a genetically altered mouse, the first genetically engineered organism ever patented in any country. The mouse strain is sold to laboratories as a particularly useful model for studying certain forms of human cancer. According to Gerry Shadel, a biochemist at Texas A & M, the ''brand'' is actually a gene that expresses itself in the animal carrying it by producing luciferase, the enzyme that makes fireflies glow. In the Texas A & M scheme, the luciferase-making gene is inserted into a host animal's DNA along with whatever special-purpose genes a user may have engineered. Offspring of the strain thus contain not only the genes for which they were bred and patented, but also the luciferase marker gene. To determine whether a suspect mouse or other creature was bred from pirated ancestors, an investigator needs only to treat some of the mouse's tissue with an organic chemical called an aldehyde. If the patented gene is present in the tissue, luciferase will also be present, and will emit a telltale glow. SCIENCE WATCH | Gene is Used to 'Brand' Engineered Creatures |
160627_1 | and opponents of legalized abortion that it was time to de-emphasize the conflict over legislation and stress moral and pastoral problems connected with abortion, regardless of its legal status. The resolution approved by the convention underlined the ''tragic dimension'' of all abortions, declared ''all human life'' to be ''sacred from its inception until death'' and stated that abortion ''should be used only in extreme situations.'' ''We emphatically oppose abortion as a means of birth control, family planning, sex selection or any reason of convenience,'' the resolution added. The church also backed away from the ''unequivocal opposition'' to any legislation limiting access to abortion that it had expressed at the last General Convention in 1985. Nonetheless, the convention maintained that abortion laws ''will not address the root of the problem'' and called for any proposed legislation to respect individual conscience, a position that appears to rule out restrictive laws. Fewer Male References to God A similar determination to look closely at the theology implied in proposals was apparent in the convention's handling of several liturgical texts that were offered to supplement, on a trial basis, existing rites for daily prayers and the mass. Some of these supplementary texts reduced the number of male references to God; others were new texts drawing on feminine imagery for God found in the Bible. None of the texts were to replace rites currently found in the church's Book of Common Prayer. Many bishops defended the supplementary texts as moderate changes and solidly based on Scripture, but questions were still raised about whether texts subtly altered the church's understanding of the Trinity and of Jesus, and the convention approved their limited use for a six-year trial period on condition that they be first reviewed by the bishops' theology committee. Noting this caution, the Rev. Charles A. Cesaretti, a staff member at the Episcopal Church's national headquarters in New York City, said, ''People are pausing to ask some real theological questions. Lay people here are talking about the Trinity. They're not objecting to changes but want to understand them before acting.'' Theology was also the ingredient whose absence led to repudiation of ''Sexuality: A Divine Gift,'' a guide for discussions of human sexuality in Episcopal parishes and schools. The book had outraged some church members because among its recommended resources was a sexually explicit film strip. No moral theologian had been included on the committee of educators | A Church United; Episcopalians Avoid Splits at Meeting By Turning to Scripture, Not Ideology |
160633_2 | 3 Danes, 2 Britons, 2 Norwegians, 1 Moroccan, 1 Swiss and 1 Swede. The nationalities of the other three were not known. No passenger list has been made available. [ Reuters quoted the Athens radio as saying that 78 people, most of them American, French and Swedish vacationers, were wounded when the gunmen opened fire. ] Merchant Marine Minister Evangelos Yiannopoulos condemned the attack as ''a barbarous action of a particularly hateful kind'' and said coast guard patrols were searching harbors and marinas for the speedboat. [ Reuters said the police theorized that the car had been intended as a bomb to attack disembarking passengers. The police told Reuters that the gunmen, learning of the premature car explosion over their radio, decided to attack the ship at sea. [ A machinegun, bullets, a grenade, an unspecified amount of United States dollars and Iranian publications were found around the car, Reuters reported. ] The attack took place at 8:40 P.M. Monday as the City of Poros, described by Government officials as a day cruiser to islands in the Saronic Gulf, left the island of Aegina for a marina in Paleo Phaleron, 16 miles away. Pandemonium on Board ''I was on deck when I heard automatic fire,'' said Jean Wogewda of Lorient, France, who was wounded in the attack. ''I turned around and was thrown into the air by the impact of the bullets hitting my legs.'' ''I only saw one gunman as he reloaded his weapon,'' Mr. Wogewda added. ''Then he hurled a grenade at the ship's smokestack, setting off a fire. Then he approached my group and started firing at us again.'' The police later said three men opened fire aboard the ship. Mr. Wogewda said panic set in as passengers sought cover, with some grabbing life jackets and jumping over the rail and into the water. Ships in the vicinity, including Greek Navy destroyers on maneuvers, rushed to the area and plucked passengers from the water. In the confusion, the gunmen boarded a speedboat that had pulled alongside the liner and sped away, the police said. Port police said coast guard vessels had begun a search for the boat in which the gunmen escaped. On Oct. 7, 1985, off the coast of Egypt, four Palestinian terrorists hijacked the Italian luxury liner Achille Lauro, sailing out of Genoa on a Mediterranean cruise. The terrorists killed an American passenger, Leon Klinghoffer. | Terrorists Kill 9 and Wound 98 On Excursion Vessel Near Athens |
160706_1 | ''a hub around which a person's life revolves, not necessarily the hub.'' As human beings, we also need interests - interests that we can find in our social life, our beliefs, our leisure activities and (if we are lucky) in our work. This is likely to be no less true for analysts themselves than it is for the rest of us. Mr. Storr points out that in their autobiographical writings, both Freud and Jung devote almost all their space to the development of their ideas and say very little about their relations with others. ''We may applaud their discretion,'' he adds, ''and sympathize with their desire for privacy; but we may also justly conclude that their own accounts of themselves demonstrate where their hearts were centred.'' Many of our interests involve working with other people: Mr. Storr doesn't perhaps make quite enough of this. But others, as he rightly claims, are best pursued in solitude, and for some - including those that call for original thinking, the sustained use of the imagination and the more arduous kinds of learning - a degree of solitude can be virtually essential. A good deal of his book is devoted to examining the connections between solitude and creativity. There are sketches of figures as different as Goya (cut off by the enforced isolation of deafness) and P. G. Wodehouse (deprived of close family affection from an early age); of artists whose art developed in response to childhood bereavement, like Michelangelo, or as a defense against depression, like Kafka; of philosophers and intellectual system builders -Isaac Newton, Kant, Wittgenstein -whose achievements depended in part on keeping intimate human contacts at bay. If solitude has on many occasions proved to be what Edward Gibbon called it, ''the school of genius,'' it confers more general benefits as well. It can help people to cope with stress or loss; it can teach them self-reliance and promote self-discovery. The capacity to form equal and lasting relationships may be a sign of emotional maturity, but so is the capacity to be alone. This last is something to which most psychotherapists, Mr. Storr complains, have failed to pay adequate attention. One exception, whom he commends, is the psychoanalyst D. W. Winnicott, who argued that initially a child's capacity to be alone is a sign of its ability to feel secure in the presence of its mother, free from anxiety about her | Books of The Times; In Defense of the Virtues of Solitude |
162309_0 | LEAD: President Fidel Castro wants Cuba to increase its revenue with a bigger sugar harvest next year, according to the official daily newspaper Granma. At a Communist Party meeting on Friday, it said, he called for an increase to 8 million metric tons, from this year's estimated 7.3 million tons. President Fidel Castro wants Cuba to increase its revenue with a bigger sugar harvest next year, according to the official daily newspaper Granma. At a Communist Party meeting on Friday, it said, he called for an increase to 8 million metric tons, from this year's estimated 7.3 million tons. | Castro Urges Sugar Gain |
162342_0 | LEAD: Based on an analysis of income levels, discrimination against Asians has declined dramatically since the 1960's and does not appear to be widespread in the American labor market, according to a study by the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Based on an analysis of income levels, discrimination against Asians has declined dramatically since the 1960's and does not appear to be widespread in the American labor market, according to a study by the United States Commission on Civil Rights. The study, conducted by a staff economist, Harriet O. Duleep, is significant because it analyzed the native-born and foreign-born populations separately and studied various populations according to the country of origin. ''It's unquestionably the richest and fullest account we have yet of these various groups,'' said Stephan A. Thernstrom, a Harvard history professor and editor of the Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Report Is Subject to Revision Although the report was released last week, it is still being reviewed by the commission and is subject to revision. The study, ''The Economic Status of Americans of Asian Descent,'' looks at an Asian-American population of 3.26 million, making up about 1.5 percent of the United States population. The key finding of the report, which was based mainly on 1980 census data, was that the income of American-born and immigrant Asians is not significantly different from non-Hispanic white workers of similar skills. ''What can be concluded is that the earnings of Asians are not lowered across the board by labor market discrimination,'' Mrs. Duleep said. ''Some groups do better; some groups do worse.'' Lower Income for Indian Men For example, non-Hispanic white men earn $20,445 a year on average. American-born Korean men make an average of $23,137; American-born Japanese men earn $21,059, and American-born Chinese men make $21,301. But American-born Filipino and Indian men make less than non-Hispanic whites, earning an average of $16,805 and $16,341 a year respectively. On an hourly basis, all groups except Indian-born men exceeded the non-Hispanic average of $10.64. Foreign-born Asians fared similarly well in income comparisons. The study cites evidence that Asian immigrants end up earning more than non-Hispanic white immigrants after about 11 years in the United States. Even when the numbers were adjusted to account for characteristics like age, skill level and experience, the study did not find evidence of across-the-board discrimination. Less Details on Asian Women The data on Asian women is | Study Finds Less Bias Against Asian Workers |
162416_0 | LEAD: The General Motors Corporation plans to devote a larger part of its capital spending to developing new products and will share more of those costs with high-technology suppliers, the company's president, Robert C. Stempel, said today. The General Motors Corporation plans to devote a larger part of its capital spending to developing new products and will share more of those costs with high-technology suppliers, the company's president, Robert C. Stempel, said today. Mr. Stempel and Dieter Spethmann, the chairman of Thyssen A.G. of West Germany, opened the five-day Automotive News World Congress, an annual gathering of automobile industry executives, suppliers and analysts. Thyssen's North American subsidiary, the Budd Company, will supply reinforced plastic body panels for a minivan that G.M. will begin producing later this year or early next year at plants in North Tarrytown, N.Y., and Oshawa, Ontario. G.M. makes 70 percent of its parts - the highest percentage in the American automobile industry - and in the past probably would have produced the panels itself or bought a supplier capable of making them. But pressure to reduce costs has led G.M. and other automobile makers to form partnerships with suppliers that have the technology capabilities the auto makers seek or that are willing to develop them. In turn for having suppliers share some of those costs, Mr. Stempel said, automobile companies are signing contracts with the suppliers and are sharing designs with them. | New Product Plans at G.M. |
162781_0 | LEAD: Seated beside a lily pond and gazing at the leaders of the Anglican Church strolling into a conference center, Edmond L. Browning, the presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church of the United States, spoke in a quiet, almost melancholy, voice. Seated beside a lily pond and gazing at the leaders of the Anglican Church strolling into a conference center, Edmond L. Browning, the presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church of the United States, spoke in a quiet, almost melancholy, voice. ''The issue of the ordination of women is so potentially divisive here, so difficult,'' he said. ''We are committed to it but, here, it's not a question of right or wrong. It's a question of time. The key is diversity - we're a diverse communion and we must live together as a communion.'' The Rev. Guy Lytle, a theologican at the University of California in Berkeley, said: ''The ordination issue will cause pain and fights. It's very serious, but key parts of the Anglican communion - the United States, Canada and New Zealand - are determined to continue to ordain women.'' With the start Monday of the Lambeth Conference, the once-a-decade assembly of leaders from Anglican churches around the world, including the Episcopal Church in the United States, a total of 525 bishops from 164 countries gathered in this cathedral city resonant with the symbolism of religious strife and martyrdom. It was here in 1170 that Archbishop Thomas a Becket, moving calmly through the cloisters into the cathedral, was murdered for denying King Henry II's authority over the church. The conference, first held in 1867, takes its name from Lambeth Palace, the residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, where it traditionally met. At University of Kent Now, however, the bishops have gathered about two miles from the cathedral, high on a hill overlooking Canterbury, in the glass and concrete halls of the University of Kent for the three-week conference. Although issues ranging from apartheid and third-world poverty to liturgical changes to dialogue with other churches are central to the meeting, the question of the ordination of women - and even the possible selection of the first Episcopal woman bishop in the United States - has shadowed, if not dwarfed, the start of the meeting. Even the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Rev. Dr. Robert Runcie, in his keynote address Monday night, acknowledged his own ambivalence over the ordination of | To Anglicans, War of Sexes Is Still Lively |
162890_5 | infringe on a woman's right to have an abortion, which has been established by Indian law since 1971. Abortions are permitted only under certain circumstances, but doctors agree that in practice, abortion has become a common means of birth control in a country where rapid population growth is a major problem. Feminists Are Divided Feminist organizations say that the Maharashtra law must be revised and toughened before it is passed nationwide. They want to delete any penalties for pregnant women seeking the tests, and also to make it easier to bring cases against doctors and health professionals. ''Our earlier fear was that this law would simply drive obstetricians and gynecologists into doing these procedures underground,'' said Vibhuti Patel, a leader of the Bombay Women's Center. ''Now I think there are so many loopholes in the law, they won't need to go underground.'' Nevertheless, it was difficult this week to find anyone in Bombay willing to say that they knew of anyone engaging in the practice since it was outlawed. Mrs. Patel recalled how the early effort to ban sex-determination tests encountered mixed arguments. Some feminists opposed the new law because of the pressing importance of population control; others said it reduced freedom of choice among women, and still others argued that women in India are treated so badly that it would be more humane to curb the number of female births. Enforcement Difficult But Mrs. Patel said most feminists eventually joined the drive to ban the practice. ''The main problem is that even in Maharashtra, we have no means to enforce the new law,'' she added. ''People are congratulating us for our victory, but we can't be complacent because now the task is even more complex.'' Dr. Gogate, the obstetrician, said he expected that the practice of amniocentesis for sex determination would continue as long as people wanted it. He recalled that he was on the defensive at a recent medical conference in Bonn, where fellow obstetricians reacted with shock to the practice in India. ''I told them you cannot pass judgment on what is happening in our country - taking your norms and applying them to us,'' he said. ''Others may regard it as a barbaric practice from a purist point of view. But nobody can have a 100 percent purist view in this world. The law has been changed, but what have we done to change social attitudes?'' | No More Guarantees of a Son's Birth |
157977_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: American consumers now pay more than twice what they should for sugar! But Senator Daniel K. Inouye has sponsored a provision in the 1989 appropriations bill for agriculture that would further subsidize a few large sugar refiners under the guise of helping the Caribbean Basin Initiative countries and the Philippines. United States sugar refiners would purchase raw sugar at the domestic price (again, more than two times higher than the world price) from Caribbean Basin producers and the Philippines. Domestic refiners would refine and export the sugar to the world market at the substantially lower world price. The taxpayer would then compensate domestic refiners for the difference. This is a business subsidy in its worst form because the domestic sugar program, which artificially props up prices by virtually precluding sugar imports from other countries, already costs the United States consumer nearly $3 billion a year! And this sugar export enchancement program would cost taxpayers $140 million more a year, with the subsidy going to about 10 major refiners. This program would not improve the economies of the Caribbean Basin countries in the long run, when the immediate gains from artificially high raw-sugar prices are offset by lower world prices for refined sugar because of an oversupply. By selling raw sugar to the United States at inflated prices, the Caribbean Basin countries and the Philippines will ultimately get less money on the sugar they refine and sell on the world market themselves. The real solution is to reform this program along lines proposed May 6 by President Reagan as amendments to S. 1948, introduced by Senator Bill Bradley. The real solution includes lowering the domestic support levels and increasing the amount of sugar that is allowed into the United States. JOSEPH R. WRIGHT JR. Deputy Director Office of Management and Budget Washington, June 22, 1988 | Don't Give Sugar Refiners More Breaks |
158090_2 | of acid rain and destruction of the earth's ozone shield by industrial chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons must also be addressed, the conference said in a statement. Economic Needs Recognized The statement emphasized, however, that steps to halt the deterioration of the atmosphere must be compatible with sustainable economic growth, particularly in developing countries. The statement urged development of a ''comprehensive global convention'' for the protection of the atmosphere by the year 1992. Last year more than 40 nations agreed on a treaty to protect the ozone layer, which filters harmful ultraviolet rays, by curbing use of ozone-destroying chemicals. But experts said measures to slow the greenhouse effect would be more difficult and expensive because they require far-reaching changes in energy use. ''Humanity is conducting an enormous, unintended, globally pervasive experiment whose ultimate consequences could be second only to global nuclear war,'' the conference statement said. ''The earth's atmosphere is being changed at an unprecedented rate by pollutants resulting from human activities, inefficient and wasteful fossil fuel use and the effects of rapid population growth in many regions. These changes represent a major threat to international security and are already having consequences over many parts of the globe.'' Concerns about the atmosphere have become more urgent in recent weeks as some scientists argued that the global warming caused by the greenhouse effect had already begun. Other Recommendations Among other recommendations and findings of the conference were these: * Goverments should establish a ''world atmosphere fund'' financed by a tax on fossil-fuel consumption in the industrialized countries. * Half the 20 percent reduction in fossil fuel use should come from more efficient use of energy and the other half from switching to fuels that emit less carbon dioxide. Nuclear energy should be reviewed as an option but only if considerations of safety, waste disposal, proliferation and environmental damage are paramount. * The industrialized countries bear chief responsibility for the degradation of the earth's atmosphere and should be responsible for remedial actions. They also should help the developing countries industrialize in ways that do not add to the problem. * The treaty to protect the ozone layer should be revised to call for an almost complete elimination of chlorofluorocarbon production by 2000. The current agreement calls for a 50 percent rollback by the end of the century. The statement also said technology should be used vigorously to reduce the pollution that causes acid rain. | Parley Urges Quick Action to Protect Atmosphere |
157976_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: There is more than meets the eye in the report correlating miscarriages with the use of video-display terminals (news story, June 5). The VDT problem is only one aspect of a much larger story. A great deal of experimental evidence indicates that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields interact with living systems. There are many other commonly employed appliances, power sources and devices, like the VDT, that result in a local low electromagnetic field. A group of epidemiological studies, one supported by the New York Power Authority, has come to the conclusion that perhaps 10 percent to 15 percent of all childhood cancer cases are attributable to local extremely low-frequency magnetic fields. Researchers in this country, in Canada and Europe have amassed laboratory evidence showing a remarkably wide range of physiological effects connected to exposures to these fields - changes in mitotic cycle, DNA synthesis, cellular motility, operant behavior in rats, calcium transport and hormone release, to name a few. Recent laboratory reports have become even more disturbing, suggesting that these exposures result in malignant transformations and altered development in chick embryos. The sobering part of all this research is the remarkably low-intensity levels at which biological effects are observed - alternating current magnetic signals having amplitudes as low as .001 to .1 Gauss have been implicated. These values are hundreds of times smaller than the strength of the earth's (static) magnetic field. Some measure of the concern resulting from this evidence is found in the dramatic increase in research funding by the Electric Power Research Institute, to the level of several million dollars a year. The presence of extremely low frequency fields is ubiquitous. Our homes, workplaces and transportation systems all carry the sort of intensity levels that may be biologically interactive. The VDT problem is the tip of the iceberg. ABRAHAM R. LIBOFF Professor of Physics, Oakland U. Rochester, Mich., June 18, 1988 | What's Wrong With the New Law on VDT's; A Source of Concern |
158044_0 | LEAD: It started out last year as a harmless sounding project: a book by American and Greek authors about the administration of Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou of Greece, edited and published by Greek-Americans. But now, two months before publication, the project has created a stir involving the State Department, the Greek Embassy and others associated with it. It started out last year as a harmless sounding project: a book by American and Greek authors about the administration of Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou of Greece, edited and published by Greek-Americans. But now, two months before publication, the project has created a stir involving the State Department, the Greek Embassy and others associated with it. The book, ''Greece Under Socialism: A NATO Ally Adrift,'' is scheduled for publication Aug. 30 by Aristide D. Caratzas, Publisher, of New Rochelle, N.Y. It was edited by Nikolaos A. Stavrou, a professor of international affairs and political science at Howard University. Professor Stavrou and Mr. Caratzas accuse officials of the Papandreou administration of trying to censor a chapter in the book, of trying to intimidate them for refusing to withdraw the chapter and, in one case, of using a racial epithet. Friends in the Greek Government, Mr. Caratzas said, warned both him and Professor Stavrou that warrants would be issued for their arrest if either of them visited Greece. While acknowledging that he had asked to have the controversial chapter withdrawn, George Papoulias, the Greek Ambassador to the United States, has called the broader accusations ''nonsense.'' Four Greek Contributors Among the 14 contributors to the book are four Greeks. Matthew Nimetz, a former Under Secretary of State, wrote the introduction, and Robert Pranger, a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for international security, contributed a chapter. But it is the essay of Yannis Kapsis, Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the Papandreou government, that stirred the controversy. In response to an invitation from Professor Stavrou, Mr. Kapsis submitted an article last October on the philosophy and goals of Greek foreign policy. At that time the book's working title was ''PASOK in Power: A Critical Analysis of Its Domestic and Foreign Policies.'' PASOK is the acronym for Mr. Papandreou's governing party, the Panhellenic Socialist Movement. While editing the manuscript, however, Professor Stavrou changed the title of the book to ''Greece Under Socialism: The Rise, Policies and Decline of Andreas Papandreou.'' When he finished editing it he changed | Book on Greek Leader Stirs Diplomatic Dispute |
158643_0 | LEAD: A patch of undisturbed jungle in the Amazon has been chosen for an experiment that could bring about a revolution in the way man deals with the largest remaining tropical rain forest on earth. A patch of undisturbed jungle in the Amazon has been chosen for an experiment that could bring about a revolution in the way man deals with the largest remaining tropical rain forest on earth. The experiment aims to develop ways in which the forest people can cut precious hardwood trees, collect more rubber, nuts, spices and useful plants, and protect the forest at the same time. If successful, foresters and economists believe, the experiment can serve as a model for the western Amazon, which reaches from Brazil into neighboring Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela and Colombia. Such forest management would require a regional policy to deal with the settlers, loggers, miners and cattlemen who are now carving away the jungle from all sides. Scientists warn that protection of the forest is crucial because it helps regulate the global climate and is the world's largest store of plant and animal life. Approved by Timber Group The project was approved this week by the International Tropical Timber Organization, a new body that brings together countries involved in the $6 billion industry of exporting and importing tropical hardwoods. The 42-nation organization ended a 10-day conference here on Friday. The group also approved a plan to select and market lesser-known tropical species to preserve the popular and ever-scarcer hardwood trees. Japan, the largest importer of tropical timber, on Friday pledged $2 million that made the start of the project possible. Some funds went to other, small pilot projects to farm the forest while protecting it. The Brazilian plan will begin in September, when technicians start working on an inventory of all usable species in a portion of the Antimari Forest, a 247,000-acre reserve in Acre state. In successive stages, they will study the rate at which forest products can be responsibly exploited or replanted, and finally create companies to handle them. Frontier Area Changing Acre was picked because it has only 350,000 people and 95 percent of its forest cover is still intact. But this frontier state, a new target of investors and settlers, is quickly changing. ''We think the Acre project could be a watershed decision toward conservation of the tropical forest,'' said Adam Markham, an official of the World | PLAN FOR AMAZON BACKED IN BRAZIL |
158712_0 | LEAD: A FLURRY of recent studies have confirmed what many gay-rights groups say they already knew: Harassment and crimes against homosexuals are increasing. Moreover, gay-rights advocates say, the incidents are becoming more violent. A FLURRY of recent studies have confirmed what many gay-rights groups say they already knew: Harassment and crimes against homosexuals are increasing. Moreover, gay-rights advocates say, the incidents are becoming more violent. They acknowledge that their conclusions are based on a surge in the number of reports, which does not necessarily mean an increase in the number of attacks. Statistics are hard to come by because the police generally do not classify assaults according to motivation. Even where they keep track of bias-related crimes, as in New York City, the circumstances of an attack are often ambiguous, and many go unreported. But recent studies by both government and advocacy groups have found hostile incidents to be rising. The problem seems to stem from a complex mix of circumstances, including anxieties and resentment about the AIDS epidemic. ''AIDS is a convenient new excuse to attack the gay community,'' said David M. Wertheimer, the executive director of the New York City Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project. Several weeks ago, a man in Chicago had to be hospitalized after an assailant attacked him with a bottle, screaming epithets with references to AIDS. In New York, a man suffered nearly fatal stab wounds when a gang of 10 people attacked him in Central Park, taunting him with anti-gay slurs. ''The problem is emerging as one of the most serious social problems of the decade,'' said Mr. Wertheimer. Kenneth B. Morgen, a psychologist in Baltimore who has studied the issue, said, ''This is a crime that is coming out of the closet.'' In a report issued last month, the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, a Washington-based lobbying organization, said that last year it received reports of 7,008 anti-gay incidents, 42 percent more than in 1986. Verbal abuse accounted for 78 percent of the incidents, physical assaults for 12 percent and vandalism for 5 percent. Kevin T. Berrill, director of the organization's anti-violence project, notes that of the 64 local groups that provided data for the report, 23 said anti-gay attacks were more frequent last year than in 1986. Eleven said they were less frequent, and 30 said they were not sure. A study that Mr. Morgen conducted in Baltimore found that | Are Homosexuals Facing an Ever More Hostile World? |
158602_0 | LEAD: I was highly pleased by Sherman Tufel's comment that ''any student who flunked out of C.C.N.Y. and went to another college automatically improved both colleges'' in his June 12 letter to the Long Island editor, in which he discussed hiring practices affecting graduates of state colleges. This statement echoes the sentiments that Mayor Ed Koch expressed at a dinner of the City College Alumni I was highly pleased by Sherman Tufel's comment that ''any student who flunked out of C.C.N.Y. and went to another college automatically improved both colleges'' in his June 12 letter to the Long Island editor, in which he discussed hiring practices affecting graduates of state colleges. This statement echoes the sentiments that Mayor Ed Koch expressed at a dinner of the City College Alumni Association a few years ago. The Mayor, who had completed two years at City before he went into the service, applied for admission to the N.Y.U. Law School, which normally required an undergraduate degree. When His Honor explained to the admissions director that he had had only two years at C.C.N.Y., Mr. Koch was told he would be admitted to the law school anyway. ''After all,'' the college official assured him, ''two years at City College are the equivalent of four years at any other college.'' SOLOMON R. KUNIS Bellerose, Graduate, C.C.N.Y.1938 | C.C.N.Y. Students Had an Advantage |
158549_2 | was accomplished. The saving of Venice became a periodically hot topic among local politicians as well as scientists with divergent ideas. The new approach that has emerged is being billed as the first postmodern public works project. Instead of erecting monuments in concrete - as was the rule in eras less skeptical of man's abilities - this project must by law emphasize measures that are reversible. Building a movable barrier between the Adriatic and the Venetian Lagoon is no small task. It took the spectacle of knee-high water in St. Mark's Square three years ago to propel the Italian Government to create the New Venice Consortium, a group of 26 corporations that plans to spend $5 billion of Government money on the project. Not all the efforts will lend themselves to ribbon cuttings. They include building small barriers to protect low-lying buildings, dredging some of the natural channels that meander through the lagoon and replanting marsh grass on the lagoon's mud banks. Strengthening the semi-submerged ''barene,'' as the banks are called, with vegetation is expected to help prevent the silting that contributes to the lagoon's stagnation. Striking a Balance Decades ago the saving of Venice meant defending the city from the sea, but now it is seen as the much broader challenge of re-establishing the lagoon as a healthy body of water, said Luigi Zanda, a businessman who is president of the consortium. In part the Venice project reflects an environmental consciousness that has been slow to develop in Italy. Many Venetians have come to realize that some of the bold construction projects favored not long ago would have meant ecological disaster. Some plans, like constructing a large concrete canal for ship traffic through the lagoon, or greatly reducing the size of the openings to the sea, would have cut the flow of water, making the lagoon even more stagnant. Every aspect of the current project is considered experimental, said Mr. Zanda. ''Since the impact of each intervention has to be examined in relation to all the others, we have to leave room for improvisation,'' he said. For example, computer studies are being conducted to determine how under various weather conditions some of the sea gates can be closed to block high water while others can be left open to maintain circulation. Even the altering of man-made artifacts, like inserting bridges into a causeway so water can pass underneath, is | Chastened by Floods, Venice Seeks Alliance With Nature |
158633_3 | a rock-music rhythm box. This is not the Forsythe represented by ''Love Songs,'' re-staged for the Joffrey Ballet in the 1980's and that was, in the recent season at the City Center, performed with admirable if more violent power by the Frankfurt dancers (some of whom are Americans familiar from American companies). The cast I saw was smashing on all counts - Amanda Miller, Isabel Gerber, Elizabeth Corbett, Glen Tuggle, Andrea Tallis, Jennifer Grissette, Leigh Matthews, Stephen Galloway. The Forsythe on view today is the one who took off from ''France Dance,'' created in 1983 for the Paris Opera Ballet, and from ''Gange,'' created the same year in Frankfurt and later recycled for the Joffrey as ''Square Deal.'' There's the rub. Much of Mr. Forsythe's present work is a recycling of itself. And after one has admired the difficult and aggressive partnering, amazing directional changes, the attack of the women's toe work and the off-balance dynamic of Mr. Forsythe's approach to the classical ballet idiom, one admires it less when a style becomes confused with a language. At his best, Mr. Forsythe knows how to create for the specific dancers at hand. In ''France Dance,'' he picked out still relatively uknown French dancers like Sylvie Guillem and choreographed for their bodies and polished technique. Seen at the City Center, the otherwise impressive Frankfurt dancers (engaging in their tribal counterculture postures in works like ''Skinny'' and ''Same Old Story,'' repeated from last year) took second place to the peformance of Sabine Roth. Miss Roth is a dwarf and an eloquent actress, and her height was used in ironic contrast to the cutouts of buildings and monuments that she moved around constantly - Donald Trump fashion. These cutouts were of the Eiffel Tower, the Empire State Building, the Tower of Pisa, the Parthenon and so on. There were also big cutouts of animals, some prehistoric, and since the movement themes were based on fragmentary gestures from George Balanchine's seminal ballet ''Apollo,'' the work obviously had something to do with history. What is history, what is dance? Mr. Forsythe likes to take a problem from his readings in literary theory and use it as a springboard for a ballet. Many of these issues, however, have already been examined by experimental modern-dance choreographers in the 1960's, and the use of permutation in movment to test perception is not an end in itself. If I | When a Choreographer Settles Into a Formula |
166452_1 | as the Government struggles with a welter of immediate crises. Those planners who have recognized the problem say that if it continues, the population will swamp all the efforts being made to deal with such challenges as unemployment, economic revival and the Communist insurgency. One foreign aid official said, ''It makes all the talk about land reform, a rejuvenated military, a more responsive government and so on seem almost irrelevant when you look at the magnitude of the problems that await them if something drastic is not done.'' The Philippines, with the world's 17th largest population, has one of its highest growth rates, estimated by the Population Reference Bureau at 2.8 percent. Low Infant-Mortality Rate The nation's population density, crude birth rate and fertility rate - the average number of children for each woman - also rank among those of the world's most desperate nations. At the same time, the Philippines enjoys the low infant-mortality rate and long life expectancy characteristic of more developed nations. This unusual combination of factors adds up to a rapid expansion of the population. The problems have been allowed to grow due to the strong influence of the Roman Catholic Church and anti-abortion groups, a high value placed on large families and a clear absence of political will over the past decade. President Corazon C. Aquino is seen as a conservative on family-planning issues and has made only a few, equivocating statements on the population problem. #750,000 New Workers Annually Among the results are high unemployment that is aggravated by the entry of 750,000 people into the work force each year, and severe ecological degradation caused by unchecked logging and slash-and-burn farming. Land redistribution, the key social issue of the day, will be overwhelmed by the increasing population, planners say. The Communist insurgency, feeding on the nation's poverty and social imbalances, could become a greater threat. The fast-growing poverty of the countryside is already causing widespread migration to cities like Manila, which is now home to at least 10 percent of the Philippine population. Urban services have been strained beyond capacity, and shanty-dwellers like Mrs. Narido fend for themselves in the crumbling urban wasteland that surrounds the city's pockets of affluence. Average Family Has 6 Members Even by Philippine standards, Mrs. Narido's family is large; the average is six members. In addition to a cousin and the cousin's infant daughter, she and her husband share | Experts See a Time Bomb in the Rapidly Exploding Philippine Population |
166323_3 | way to do it. What doesn't make sense is to mandate that every company provide child care. Besides, the costs will be proportionately greater for small businesses to bear. Q. How should the issue of parental leave be handled? Mr. Dunkelberg: We should leave it to private negotiations between workers and companies. Let people sort it out for themselves. In an unrestricted market place, companies will strive to get their workers back. If someone is good at his or her job, then the company will work out a deal to get that person back if he or she takes a leave. Don't forget, some people may not even want to take leaves. In terms of the larger social issues, I'm not even sure that taking a few months off means all that much in the overall development of the child. Q. Do you advocate any guideline for negotiating a parental leave? Mr. Dunkelberg: No, I don't, because companies understand that people are their most important resource and are becoming sensitive to these issues. Q. Doesn't the current lack of a Federal law granting parental leave, discriminate against women? Mr. Dunkelberg: We hear a lot about discrimination against women in the United States. But I don't know of any country that utilizes its women in the workplace as well as we do. The Russians and Japanese have large numbers of women who don't enter the workforce. These countries operate at a handicap. As time goes on, we will work out creative ways for parents in the workplace. Team hiring - where a husband and wife share a job - is one way. Also, more and more jobs will be done at home with a computer and a phone line. I prefer the creative solutions of the market to those imposed on the workplace. Q. We hear a lot about Sweden, which has had a parental leave law for years that even mandates that employers and the Government pay workers during their leaves. Is this applicable to the United States? Mr. Dunkelberg: It is hard to make a comparison between Sweden and the United States. Sweden is a small country and the Swedes have a low fertility rate and a shrinking population. That is not the case here. The Swedes are basically paying people to have children. And to do this, they are willing to tolerate a certain degree of economic inefficiency. | BUSINESS FORUM: EMPLOYEE BENEFITS FOR THE 1990's; Long Leaves Hurt Small Companies |
166571_13 | them or bought them, the Heritage Museum offers a glimpse at all sorts of British lives. The museum is operated as a trust of the British automaking industry. It is in a former garden shed in Syon Park, a walk down a lane from Syon House, famous for its 18th-century interiors. To the right of the lane are the neatly clipped gardens of Syon Park. To the left, planted like Burma Shave jingles, is a row of 20 signs painted with the logos of British automakers, from the crusty Lanchester script and the flying B of Bentley to the slightly rounded triangle of Lotus. Inside the museum, cars are crowded in rows or at angles, as if the curators are still dickering over exactly what to weed out. To bind the collection together, memoribilia is tacked up or laid out liberally - race posters, tire signs, pages from Lord Austin's notebook, a double parking lot of toy cars - and the rooms take on the patina of old Britain, like the props room at Masterpiece Theater. Jazz is played through the four rooms of the museum, different strains enveloping different groupings. Parked before a re-creation of a 1920's garage is one of 14 MG's, Old Number One, the 1925 single-seat Special, which was actually the second MG built but the oldest extant. The Heritage Museum also has the last MGB produced, which was also the last car off the MG line at Abington in 1980. It could be nicknamed Old Number 1.2 Million. The Heritage Motor Museum, Syon Park, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 8JF (telephone 560 1378). Open 10 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. March to October; 10 A.M. to 4 P.M., November to February. Open every day except Christmas and Boxing Day. Entry fee: $3, $1.75 for children and the elderly. Science Museum Of London The 26 cars on display at the Science Museum of London are dwarfed by the exhibits that share or surround the Road Transport room, a 1960 Stout C rocket, for example, or a muscular 1923 Express Locomotive. Even within the collection, the star attraction is the daintiest, an 1888 Benz, the oldest car in England. The first automobiles were developed in isolated experiments as far back as the 18th century, but when Carl Benz manufactured his vehicle with gas-engine drive in 1885, the industry was born. In 1888, development continued with a new series of Benz | An Automobile Enthusiast's England |
166431_2 | have been shaken by events in Panama, where Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega, the military leader, has been accused of involvement in trafficking, and in Colombia, where billionaire cocaine chiefs have emerged as a state within a state. Peru, for example, has stepped up police operations in the Upper Huallaga Valley where most of its coca crop is grown. Ten days ago, Bolivian authorities arrested Roberto Suarez Gomez, one of the world's most wanted drug operators. Argentina seized 564 pounds of cocaine in Buenos Aires this month, its largest drug haul ever. And the Brazilian police recently killed eight people and arrested 55 more in a crackdown on trafficking in Rio de Janeiro. The change in attitude is most apparent among those on the front line of the war - Latin American narcotics police officials and their American counterparts from the Drug Enforcement Administration. Highly critical of their governments' present policies, they argue that only a multifaceted regional response can address the rapid ''internationalization'' of the drug trade. As the lines between producers and consumers have blurred, almost every country in the region has become involved in the cultivation, processing, transshipment or consumption of drugs. The United States, for example, is now a major grower of marijuana; drug use has become a serious problem in Colombia; processing of cocaine is growing in Paraguay, and Brazil has emerged as a new transshipment point. And everywhere drug-related violence and corruption are on the rise. No regional antidrug strategy exists. Most Latin governments have drug cooperation agreements only with the United States, and exchange little information among themselves. Washington has tended to view the problem through the prism of bilateral relations, at different times treating Mexico, Colombia or Panama as the main culprit. American pressure on Latin governments has often proved counterproductive. When the United States sent troops to destroy coca-processing installations in Bolivia in 1986, the nationalist outcry prompted other regional governments to announce they would never accept such intervention. Wave of Complaints Similarly, when Washington held up people and products arriving from Colombia earlier this year, in reprisal for the release of a jailed drug boss, Colombian tourists and exporters felt they were innocent scapegoats for American frustration. As they have sensed the tightening grip of narcotics on their societies, some Latin governments have felt freer to criticize Washington's approach. Both Mexican and Colombian officials, for example, have complained that little is | A Drug Problem for All the Americas |
166633_2 | plaster, including the nails that attach the bits of wood to the frames. On the whole, the collection abides by the same rules as pebbles on a beach: the small ones closest to the source of energy (in this case, the house and its occupants) and the larger are the farthest away. Dimitri Hadzi, who scores high in both categories, has a relatively small work on the wall rimming a small patio. In outline it resembles a wrench but like most of the sculptor's work, it has planes worthy of the human body. This is not anthropomorphization but simply the way the sculptor treats all forms as if they were alive, applying the clay in large dabs and slapping them down until the skin of the object is properly taut. There is seldom a dull formal moment in these works but sometimes their ambiguity is maddening. ''Thermopylae'' is a more complex version of a piece that the artist produced some 20 years ago, when under the influence of Lipchitz. It is an eight-foot-tall mass poised on three legs that works well enough as an abstraction but the eye, having registered its resemblance to an equestrian, cannot help trying to make more sense out of it - and to no avail. The body of a man with outstretched arms is flung across the ''horse'' and there are hints of a shield, a rider with a plumed helmet and, in the general stance of the composition, a touch of Marino Marini. All in all, this monumental enigma is as irritating as it is impressive. Mr. Hadzi grew up in Brooklyn, attending a Greek Orthodox school and, after training in American art colleges, repaired to Greece on a Fulbright Scholarship. This experience and the many years he has spent in Rome would account for his skill but not his vigor, since expatriates in the classical past usually acquire craft at the expense of art. Mr. Hadzi, who has received almost as many awards and fellowships as he has commissions, seems to have escaped this fate, but it may take a full retrospective to prove it. Not far from ''Thermopylae'' is a nine-foot-tall kinetic work made of shiny aluminum sheeting by Lin Emery, one of the new names in the park. It tilts like a boat sailing into the wind and, titled ''Pennant,'' ''flies'' four pennant-like horizontals above and is mounted on four verticals | At the Kouros in ridgefield, Art Complements Nature |
166573_10 | river banks. The brilliant red eyes of the crocodile-like reptiles reflected the light, which hypnotized the caimans and enabled a catcher in the bow to grab them by the neck. All creatures above three feet in length were avoided as potentially dangerous. The caimans were photographed and returned to the water. We learned some Amazonian lore through Moacir (Mo) Fortes, a native of Coari, one of the Brazilian towns on the river. He had explanations for everything, some even believable. His version of how the howler monkey got its name - leaping for a branch and missing - was typical. We saw jungle birds of extraordinary beauty, assisted by Dr. David Oren, an ornithologist who identified 157 varieties spotted on our trip. We split up into groups of a half-dozen to explore markets in major trading centers and learned through seminars and by observation of the potential destruction of the rain forest by loggers, farmers and miners. We went swimming in the Amazon, paddling between two moored Zodiacs, and did some water skiing behind an outboard motorboat. We had been assured that the infamous piranhas would not bother us at midriver, and found that to be true. In fact, piranhas caught by our fishing groups were served as part of the luncheon smorgasbord. The cruise ended in Brazil at Belem, the Amazon's major Atlantic port, where we visited a forest preserve and a herbarium now staffed by Dr. Prance's Brazilian students. From there, the majority of passengers flew back to Manaus and then to Miami, with a few continuing to Rio de Janeiro. We met our son, Robert, a United States Foreign Service officer based in Brasilia, for a tour of the more urban Brazil: Recife, Salvador, Brasilia and Rio. To refugees from the jungle, it seemed like another world. SIGNING ABOARD TO EXPLORE THE AMAZON BASIN Society Expeditions Cruises will operate four Amazon trips this year, the first leaving Oct. 3 and the last leaving Nov. 2, all on the World Discoverer, which is a slightly larger ship than the Society Explorer, accommodating 140 passengers to the Explorer's 100, and with similar facilities and equipment. (The Explorer will cruise the west coast of South America instead of the Amazon this year.) The trips include two 12-day voyages on the upper Amazon, between Iquitos in Peru and Manaus in Brazil, and two longer cruises, a 17-day trip from Barbados to | It's Jungle 101 On a Voyage Up the Amazon |
166395_2 | be confronted with, at least once in a lifetime. The only honest answer is, of course, yes. School as a Symbol of Fatality In 1875, George Santayana entered the legendary Latin School in Boston, which was then held in ''a vast, rattling old shell of a building.'' These somber reflections, prefiguring the philosopher in the boy, are from his autobiography, ''Persons and Places'' (MIT Press). The teachers . . . were surely not out of keeping with their surroundings: disappointed, shabby-genteel, picturesque old Yankees, with a little bitter humour breaking through their constitutional fatigue. I dare say that for them as for me, and for all the boys who were at all sensitive, the school was a familiar symbol of fatality. They hadn't chosen it, they hadn't wanted it, they didn't particularly like it; they knew of no reason why it should be the sort of school it was; but there it stood, there they somehow found themselves entangled; and there was nothing else practicable but to go on there, doing what was expected and imposed upon them. You may say that for the teachers at least, in that age of individual initiative and open careers, a thousand alternatives were, or had been, possible; and you may say that they could not have been altogether insensible of their high vocation and the high vocation of their country, to create gradually and securely a better world, a world free from superstition, from needless hatreds, from unjust unequalities, and from devastating misery. Yes: but all that was negative; it consisted of things to be got rid of and avoided, and in America the more obvious of them had actually been escaped. Getting Love out of the Garbage Things have reached a point where we need a philosopher to tell us what love is. This is Robert C. Solomon in ''About Love: Reinventing Romance for Our Times'' (Simon & Schuster). Much of what we say and believe about love is sheer garbage, not romantic garbage, but the kind of garbage that clogs up the emotions and renders them ridiculous. Romantic love is, in truth, quite intelligent and insightful, even if it is sometimes misguided and made to seem stupid by the wrong kinds of theories. Love is not just a dumb feeling, and it is not an empty abstraction. Love is a particular set of insights, a process that is motivated by passion | NOTED WITH PLEASURE |
160106_2 | here than there. American surgeons perform coronary bypass surgery at six times the rate of their British colleagues. Blood pressure levels considered high enough to require treatment in the United States are considered normal in England. Blood pressure in the low-to-normal range is considered desirable in the United States; in West Germany, low blood pressure is considered cause for treatment. Antibiotics are used far more often here than in Europe. The list of such astonishing comparisons goes on and on. Ms. Payer shows that medical practices are strongly influenced by cultural norms and values. Nowhere is this clearer than in the treatment of diseases of the reproductive organs. Because of the country's low birth rate, the French place a high value on reproduction, and French physicians are extremely reluctant to perform a hysterectomy, reserving that procedure for cancer or abnormal bleeding that cannot be controlled in another way. In France only 2.4 percent of all women have had hysterectomies, whereas in the United States every year 2 percent of women between the ages of 35 to 44 have a hysterectomy. The author found British physicians far more conservative than Americans. Doctors in Britain prescribe fewer drugs than those in France, West Germany or America. If a British patient undergoes surgery, it is likely to be less extensive than the same procedure would be in the United States. Very few screening exams are done. Since British physicians operate in a national health system and are reimbursed on a capitation basis, this economy in practice might be attributed to economic self-interest. But Ms. Payer thinks there is another explanation: British physicians are trained, in the words of one of her informants, to be ''highly self-critical. You are taught to question the need for things being done. You are trained to think what is really necessary, why do you do it, what the results are. Does modern medical technology do any good? Is it better than not doing anything?'' Perhaps the most significant difference between European and American physicians is the concept Ms. Payer calls ''terrain.'' It has long been recognized that the appearance and course of disease are always a result of at least three factors - heredity, exposure to environmental agents (such as bacteria, viruses, poisons, psychological stress) and the resistance of the individual to these agents. Europeans refer to resistance as ''terrain.'' To Europeans, the appearance of disease signals predominantly | WHAT LANGUAGE DOES YOUR DOCTOR SPEAK? |
160218_18 | and Connaught keeps popping up. Significantly, the present Prime Minister of the Irish Republic, Charles J. Haughey, does not dismiss the thought. But, he says, many other issues must first be resolved at the negotiating table, a table so far with a lot of empty chairs. On the surface, attitudes in the Irish Republic appear ambivalent. A few years ago, during the dedication of a statue honoring Sir Roger Casement - executed by the British for trying to bring in rebel arms aboard a German ship during World War I - a prominent politician named Dick Spring lavished praise on Casement. The very next day, Spring was hailing the interception of an I.R.A. arms shipment not far from the beach where Casement had been caught. Still, according to Haughey, emotions run deep in the Republic of Ireland regarding the North. Although relations between Dublin and London have been strained since the Stalker scandal, Haughey promises to do his best to implement the agreement, which comes up for re-examination this fall. During a previous turn as Prime Minister, Haughey boasted that he could ''talk to'' Mrs. Thatcher. He's not so sure anymore. He has privately told friends of a meeting with her following the recent eruption of violence in which he suggested that new initiatives were absolutely necessary. According to his account, she replied that all that was needed was patience and time to let things cool off. Time? ''But its been going on for more than 800 years,'' Haughey said. Oh, said Mrs. Thatcher, turning to an aide for confirmation, ''I thought it was 300,'' and quickly changed the subject. There have been some moves to ease the tension, all of them contingent on highly unlikely ''ifs.'' Loyalist leaders have indicated that they would sit down with Prime Minister Haughey if the accord were abandoned. John Hume has been meeting with Gerry Adams to explore the idea of forming a united front if Sinn Fein surrenders in advance the principle of armed rebellion. Only one option has not been tried: a phased end to Britain's presence in Northern Ireland, perhaps over a period of years, during which time reforms would be launched, including the establishment of a police force that truly reflects the population. The I.R.A. is on record as saying it will willingly go out of business should the two Irelands be reunited. Yet London insists it will never | GENERATIONS OF TORMENT |
160412_0 | LEAD: EFFORTS to save a historic landmark have resulted in practical experience in restoration for architecture students at the New York Institute of Technology, who since the end of February have been disassembling the Aluminaire house in Huntington for its move to the school's Central Islip campus. EFFORTS to save a historic landmark have resulted in practical experience in restoration for architecture students at the New York Institute of Technology, who since the end of February have been disassembling the Aluminaire house in Huntington for its move to the school's Central Islip campus. The house, built in 1931 by the architects Lawrence Kocher and Albert Frey for a housing exhibition by the Architectural League in New York, was the first all-metal house in this country. The prefabricated aluminum structure, built in 10 days, was intended to demonstrate the potential of technology and its possible applications for the dense, low-rise suburban condition in the United States, according to Julio San Jose, dean of the New York Institute of Technology School of Architecture. After the exhibition, the house was purchased by the architect Wallace K. Harrison and was taken apart and moved to his property in Huntington, where it was rebuilt. But last year, when the current owner, Dr. Joel Karen, announced his plans to demolish the house and sell the land to a real-estate developer who will build several homes on the estate, a campaign to save the Aluminaire house was begun by the Long Island chapter of the American Institute of Architecture. The New York Institute of Technology proposed moving the building to its Central Islip campus to restore it, and Dr. Karen agreed to donate the house to the school. The School of Architecture applied to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and was awarded a grant of $131,750 to pay for dismantling the house and moving it. On the campus, the house will become a source of research for students and a public museum. This was a fairly revolutionary move on the part of the state to select a modern building for preservation, Dean San Jose said. It is one of the first cases of restoration of an industrial product (aluminum) in which the craftsmanship is related not to the hands of individuals but to the product, he said. During the past semester the Aluminaire house became a case study for students and | Metal House Becomes Case Study |
163607_1 | a message broadcast to A.T.&T.'s 315,000 employees on the company's private communications network. In his address, Mr. Allen said administrative costs had reached unacceptable levels and the company needed to focus its efforts on increasing sales through greater customer contact, Burke Stinson, an A.T.&T. spokesman, said. Increasing Competition A.T.&T. has been facing increasing competition in the long-distance telephone market from discount carriers like the MCI Communications Corporation and the U S Sprint Communications Company. MCI has also entered the toll-free 800 and international long-distance markets, which have been dominated by A.T.&T. A.T.&T. also continues to lose hundreds of millions of dollars a year on its computer operations as it tries to become a significant force in that market. Earlier this week, A.T.&T. reported that its second-quarter net income fell slightly, to $594 million, from $596 million in the period last year. While revenue rose 4.3 percent, to $8.76 billion, total costs and expenses rose 7 percent for the quarter. 'It's About Time' ''It's about time that A.T.&T. makes some effort to control these ridiculous overhead expenses,'' said Jack Grubman, an analyst with Paine Webber who is a former A.T.&T. executive. ''Mr. Allen realizes that they are at a point where they could show some dramatic upswings in earnings if they get spending under control, and he is taking steps to do this.'' A.T.&T.'s stock fell 37.5 cents yesterday, to $25.50, on the New York Stock Exchange. A.T.&T. said that the 3,000 transfers would be companywide but would come mainly from the long-distance, computer and large-business customer units. The company said the transfers would be concentrated among first- and second-level supervisors of administrative staffs. Mr. Stinson said the company needed more sales personnel in its computer and long-distance divisions to better serve its large corporate and government customers. He said that the reassignment of employees was a continuation of a program begun last April, in which administrative staff employees were transferred to sales and marketing. The staff redeployment program, which was originally intended to affect 1,000 employees, has been expanded to 3,000 employees. Last year A.T.&T. hired about 25,000 new workers and recruited about 1,100 college graduates in science, engineering, and marketing. Mr. Stinson said that the hiring freeze would not affect A.T.&T.'s recruiting on college campuses. He also said that the company would continue to hire, as needed, employees like operators and sales representatives who have direct contact with customers. | A.T.&T. REASSIGNS WORKERS AND IMPOSES HIRING FREEZE |
165500_0 | LEAD: Imagine Mike Tyson fighting an exhibition match against a kangaroo - or, to take a real example, Bobby Riggs playing Billie Jean King. Entertainment value? Sure. A meaningful contest between comparable opponents? No. Imagine Mike Tyson fighting an exhibition match against a kangaroo - or, to take a real example, Bobby Riggs playing Billie Jean King. Entertainment value? Sure. A meaningful contest between comparable opponents? No. It now appears that yachting's premier event, the America's Cup, is moving inexorably from true competition to circus. After a year of bickering between the parties over what kind of yacht should race in the next series, a New York judge has ordered the challenger, New Zealand, and the defender, the San Diego Yacht Club, to settle their differences in the water instead of in court. The likely result will be a contest next September between a 133-foot single-hulled New Zealand sloop and a 60-foot American double-hulled catamaran. However unusual, the race will not be the same test of skill and technology that entranced millions of TV viewers last year when Stars and Stripes, an American 12-Meter vessel, recaptured the cup from an Australian boat of roughly equivalent design. The present dispute arose when a New Zealander, Michael Fay, built his 133-footer after realizing that the race's murky rules technically allowed the challenger to race any kind of boat. San Diego cannily responded with its speedy catamaran, which, given most wind conditions off Southern California, should win handily. But winning by design alone is hardly the point. True, the traditional 12-Meter boats left plenty of room for technological ingenuity, and mismatches did occur. The designers were, however, at least working within the same parameters. When boats were fairly matched, the difference was seamanship, not legal one-upmanship. The remedy - for the future, if not this year -may lie in amending those murky guidelines, contained in the century-old deed of gift of the America's Cup administered by the New York State Supreme Court. New rules need not specify a particular design but might rescind the challenger's technical right to choose the design and leave that up to negotiation and mutual consent. If that's too drastic for traditionalists, the challenging nation might still name the design, but only if other countries could affordably match it, thus encouraging wide competition. The objective, in any case, should be theater, not vaudeville. | Seamanship, Not One-Upmanship |
165350_1 | and accelerated space flight program,'' said the panel, which was assembled by the National Research Council. After receiving the report, the space agency said it would give ''careful consideration'' to the recommendations and had already taken steps to improve its forecasting capabilities. The agency noted that it set up a weather support office last December and was also installing new weather instruments at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, from which the shuttles are launched, and at landing sites. Three Flights Cited In the past, weather conditions have disrupted or destroyed at least three space flights, the review panel noted. In 1969, the Apollo 12 spacecraft twice induced lightning as it passed through the atmosphere, disrupting various communications and electronics systems on the craft. Blame for the Challenger accident in 1986 was placed in part on cold weather and fierce winds. And in 1987 an Atlas-Centaur unmanned rocket induced a four-stroke lightning flash to the ground that ultimately caused the vehicle to break apart. The panel noted that conventional forecasting techniques were unable to detect many hazards and that neither the Air Force, which is responsible for observing and forecasting at the Kennedy Space Center, nor other organizations that provide weather services to the space agency were currently measuring crucial weather variables. It noted that the sizes of raindrops, which can damage the shuttle's exterior, were not measured and that wind shears and lightning were not measured directly but were inferred from readings of electrical fields at ground level. Short-Term Forecasting The panel noted that advances in remote sensing, computers and other technologies had made it possible to do a much better job in observing weather conditions and forecasting how they will change in the next couple of hours. ''The space program most critically needs current weather information and forecasts valid for two hours or less,'' the panel said. ''Observations of lightning, electric fields aloft (in order to identify nonelectrified clouds that are safe to penetrate) and rapid wind variations are most urgently needed.'' The panel was headed by Charles L. Hosler of Pennsylvania State University. The other members were Gregory S. Forbes of Penn State, Joseph B. Klemp of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, E. Philip Krider of the University of Arizona, John A. McGinley of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Peter S. Ray of Florida State University and Leonard W. Snellman of the University of Utah. | Experts Tell NASA It Must Better Its Ability to Forecast the Weather |
165362_0 | LEAD: A growing number of countries are enacting discriminatory laws and travel restrictions to fight the spread of AIDS, according to a Harvard study. A growing number of countries are enacting discriminatory laws and travel restrictions to fight the spread of AIDS, according to a Harvard study. ''We're seeing an increase in the use of coercion, quarantine and criminal prosecution against AIDS victims,'' said Larry Gostin, an associate professor at Harvard's School of Public Health. ''It's becoming a syndrome of blaming the victims.'' Mr. Gostin presented highlights of the study Tuesday at the 10th National Lesbian and Gay Health Conference and AIDS Forum. Many of the laws are based on irrational fears that acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a ''foreigners' disease'' and not a worldwide problem, according to the study, conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health and commissioned by the World Health Organization. Cuba Has Tough Laws In the United States, Mr. Gostin said, the researchers found ''at least 50 criminal prosecutions'' of people with the virus that causes AIDS and numerous statutes calling for quarantine, isolation or criminal prosecution. Cuba and the Soviet Union have among the toughest laws to combat AIDS, according to the study. Cuba tests all returning citizens, including soldiers, for the AIDS virus and keeps 150 people in perpetual quarantine. Soviet officials recently passed a law calling for compulsory screening of all high-risk groups like intravenous drug users, homosexuals and prostitutes; foreign diplomats may be tested. The survey, which was sent to health officials in every country, found that 45 percent of the 77 countries that responded have AIDS legislation, the first time health officials around the world have developed laws for just one disease, Mr. Gostin said. The study also found that 21 countries have established national AIDS commissions. Change in Three Years Most disturbing were the study's findings that 24 countries, including Japan, China, Iraq, Libya, the Soviet Union, Thailand and Saudi Arabia, developed immigration and travel restrictions for people with the HIV virus, Mr. Gostin said. When countries were last surveyed in 1985, none had such restrictions. ''Our fear is that we're seeing an AIDS war where countries are blaming other countries and putting up border restrictions,'' Mr. Gostin said. Harvard officials recommended that countries ''view AIDS as a global problem and not something to retaliate against.'' | Many Nations Pass Laws Against Those Afflicted With AIDS |
165258_0 | LEAD: IN 1992, visitors to the National Zoological Park in Washington will be able to enter the Amazonia/ Aquatics Habitat, and find anacondas hovering on branches 10 feet above their heads, see snake birds dive into a river for fish, and watch piranhas bare their tiny, deadly teeth. IN 1992, visitors to the National Zoological Park in Washington will be able to enter the Amazonia/ Aquatics Habitat, and find anacondas hovering on branches 10 feet above their heads, see snake birds dive into a river for fish, and watch piranhas bare their tiny, deadly teeth. The habitat, a replica of a tropical rain forest, will feature a river coursing through its center, with underwater life visible through windows. The habitat will include giant otters the size of sea lions, cayman alligators, tropical fish, butterflies, spiders, leaf cutter ants and caterpillars. From curved roof to natural footpaths, the habitat will encourage the growth of the forest, yet protect some species from others. The roof will be supported by steel struts shaped like tetrahedrons and pyramids. ''Its curved shape is designed to attract the sun and minimize shadow and darkness,'' said W. Kent Cooper, whose firm, Cooper-Lecky Architects in Washington, is designing the 40,000-square-foot addition. The river will appear to be continuous, but will be carefully sectioned off so that animals that normally prey on each other won't be able to. ''Snake birds dive for fish, but they will only be able to dive for the fish we give them as food, and not the specimen fish,'' Mr. Cooper said. Visitors will look down on the alligators from a three-foot platform. Snakes, which might try to slither down a tree trunk, will be discouraged by electrified wires. Piranhas will live in aquatic segregation. | Currents; Jungle Will Come Alive At New Amazon Habitat |
164525_0 | LEAD: A 40 percent increase in the United States' sugar quota will benefit the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, Brazil and 36 other countries and is bringing praise from large United States sugar users. A 40 percent increase in the United States' sugar quota will benefit the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, Brazil and 36 other countries and is bringing praise from large United States sugar users. The increase in what had been the lowest sugar quotas in 113 years authorizes the purchase of 300,000 additional short tons of sugar in 1988. In addition, the Government, citing a cutoff of all trade with Panama, decided to reallocate among other countries Panama's 20,300-ton allotment. The Agriculture Department and the office of the United States trade representative announced the sugar quota expansion, to 1,056,675 tons, at the end of the trading day Friday. Lowest Since 1875 The new quota is about 56,000 tons higher than the 1987 figure but lower than the 1986 quota of 1.7 million tons. The 1988 quota had previously been the lowest since 1875, officials said. Agriculture Secretary Richard E. Lyng, who has advocated scrapping the program that keeps United States sugar prices higher than those on the world market, said the increase was necessary because of unexpected cuts in United States production, ''including the likely effects of the drought on sugar beet yields.'' The low quotas announced last December had brought criticism from United States sugar users. The quotas were also unpopular with countries whose allotments were cut - particularly the Philippines, which relies on the United States to help its ailing economy. A Dual Subsidy The United States sugar program offers a kind of dual subsidy, helping the producing countries by paying pices well above world market levels and helping United States sugar growers by guaranteeing them the higher prices, too. The United States buys sugar under the quota system at the same price it pays United States producers, about 23 cents a pound, up from 18 cents earlier this year. The current world market price is approaching 15 cents a pound after dipping to around 6 cents. Under the new quotas, the Dominican Republic will be able to sell 176,710 short tons, up from 123,200; the Philippines 158,640, up from 110,600, and Brazil 145,590, up from 101,500. Those three countries account for almost half of the foreign sugar sold to the United States. Last December, when the | Increase in Sugar Quota Will Benefit 39 Nations |
164572_1 | This year's college graduates received higher salary offers than last year's graduates, especially in business fields, but the number of offers declined slightly, according to a survey made public today. This year's college graduates received higher salary offers than last year's graduates, especially in business fields, but the number of offers declined slightly, according to a survey made public today. The largest increase was in accounting, with graduates receiving salary offers 10.9 percent higher than last year. The average monthly salary offer rose to $2,010 from $1,812, for an average yearly salary of $24,120. The number of job offers in accounting was down slightly to 5,264 from 5,478, according to the survey by the College Placement Council. The data included offers made to students graduating between Sept. 1, 1987, and Aug. 31, 1988. Placement offices at 154 colleges and universities participated in the survey. Job acceptances were not reported because August graduations were included. In business administration, the average salary offer rose 4.1 percent to $1,772 a month, from $1,701, reaching a yearly salary of $21,264, but the number of offers fell to 1,285 from 1,788, the survey said. Banking Salary Offers Drop In banking, the salary offers dropped 3.9 percent to $1,815 a month, from $1,889, for a yearly total of $21,780, but the number of jobs increased to 527 from 395. Graduates in nontechnical fields received 48 percent of the job offers made to graduates with bachelor's degrees, while technical graduates received 52 percent of the offers. For nontechnical graduates, 40 percent of the job offers came from public accounting employers, while for technical graduates, 16 percent of the job offers came from the electrical and electronic machinery and equipment industry. The average monthly salary offer to nontechnical graduates was $2,045, for yearly salary of $24,540, the survey said. Technical graduates averaged monthly offers of $2,465, for an averagae yearly salary of $29,580. For master's of business administration candidates with nontechnical undergraduate degrees, starting offers increased 5 percent to $2,791 a month, for a yearly salary of $33,492. Inexperienced M.B.A. candidates with technical undergraduate degrees received offers of a monthly average of $3,192, or a yearly salary of $38,304. The engineering field provided 42 percent of the job offers to graduates with bachelor's degrees and was followed by business with 40 percent, sciences at 10 percent, humanities and social sciences at 6 percent and communications at 2 percent. | Pay Offers to College Graduates Rise |
161888_3 | fit into it. That makes the information subservient to the structure - which is not the way it ought to be. Agenda, in its test form, has been used in some novel ways. George Goodwin, an employee at the Royal Bank in Canada, in Toronto, said he used Agenda as a filter for incoming reports from news services. He instructed Agenda to scan all reports for such key words as gold or Africa or rand; any material that contained such references was set aside - and he was spared the time it took to scan all incoming reports himself. When Mr. Goodwin was sent to school for three weeks, he brought along a laptop computer, and while his classmates took notes in notebooks, he entered notes in Agenda. As the class progressed and he identified recurring themes, he created categories for filing. When test time came and topics were announced, his classmates scoured their notebooks, trying to find related references, he said; Mr. Goodwin was able to do the same with a few keystrokes. One of the earliest personal information managers on the market was Info-XL, from the Valor Software Corporation, 2005 Hamilton Ave., San Jose, Calif., 95125. John M. Erickson, Valor's chief executive, said Info-XL was being used in a variety of ways. Lawyers, district attorneys and F.B.I. agents, he said, use it to bring together notes, comments, clues and correspondence, and to track the subjects of an investigation through the calendar - where they were any given day, where they were previously, where they next went. They then look for patterns that might be helpful in an investigation. And personal information managers ''are an incredible boon to anyone doing sales or account work,'' said Jeffrey Tarter, editor and publisher of Soft Letter, a newsletter that discusses trends and strategies in software publishing. Info-XL allows salespeople to keep track of all their accounts, representing perhaps hundreds of products, plus notes on contacts, projects, new products, competitors and so on. Writers, stock analysts, priests doing pastoral care and management consulting firms are also among Info-XL's customers, Mr. Tarter said. JUST as early spreadsheet users came up with new and more advanced applications for Visicalc, the first electronic spreadsheet, and later for 1-2-3, early users of personal information managers are expected to find uses that the developers have not envisioned. ''The applications are coming out of the woodwork,'' Mr. Tarter said. | Out of Chaos, Alternative Orders |
162109_1 | case of a terrorist attack, but in practice there is nothing one can do but call for help.'' 'We Are Sitting Ducks' ''It would be impossible to provide the number of staff and equipment required to develop airport-type security across the Greek seas,'' Captian Loukisas said. ''Furthermore, passenger boats are easier targets for terrorists. They are not like planes where the assailants risk either being killed with the passengers or being caught at some airport. Here they can get away with a fast boat, hide at any of the thousands of sheltered coves and hundreds of Greek islands, and change vessels several times until they are out of the country. At open sea we are sitting ducks.'' Ryan Gallivan, a 21-year-old student of international politics who lives in Orange County, Calif., and was aboard the Hellas Express as a passenger, said the incident last week had increased his anxiety. ''I had heard a lot about the terrorism problem in Greece, but I don't think it will deter me altogether from coming here,'' he said. ''Now I can see how one is a sitting duck on such ships. But can you stop traveling altogether? One would have to stop living.'' The trip aboard the Hellas Express illustrated the concerns of the captain and his passenger. Within 12 hours the vessel covered the popular holiday islands of Crete, Santorini, Ios, Naxos and Paros, before the final return to the port of Piraeus. Hundreds of passengers hurriedly embarked and disembarked at each port of call. There was no luggage inspection, no name or identification check. George Rangousis, a harbor police security officer at Poros Island harbor, said the Greek harbor police and the Ministry of Merchant Marine had an anti-terrorism squad and, if necessary, divers, commandos, helicopters and the navy and air force at their disposal. But none of these detected the terrorists this week as they fled across Greece's island-studded seas. An 'Isolated Incident' The security officer said strict security controls are only carried out for ships going abroad or for the major cruise ships, and even in these cases personal baggage is not checked. Nikos Skoulas, the Government official responsible for tourism, said new security measures would be taken to prevent a repetition of such incidents. But he said it was ''almost impossible'' to provide a thorough security network throughout the Aegean. He appealed to the American public not to be | Greek Cruise Ships: 'Easy Targets' for Terrorists? |
161939_0 | LEAD: There is no airplane on the roof of the new office tower at 17 State Street in lower Manhattan, and there are no neon tubes in the lobby, or gigantic clocks, funny benches or umbrellas out front. Why, at first glance one might almost think that this sleek, thin skyscraper could have been put up by just any builder, and not by Melvyn Kaufman, the man who has made a virtual mission out of making the New York skyscraper entertaining. There is no airplane on the roof of the new office tower at 17 State Street in lower Manhattan, and there are no neon tubes in the lobby, or gigantic clocks, funny benches or umbrellas out front. Why, at first glance one might almost think that this sleek, thin skyscraper could have been put up by just any builder, and not by Melvyn Kaufman, the man who has made a virtual mission out of making the New York skyscraper entertaining. Over the years Mr. Kaufman and his brother, Robert, his partner in the William Kaufman Organization, have managed to put a Sopwith Camel atop their building at 77 Water Street, use a corrugated metal tube with neon as an entrance to 129 John Street, and put a tiny hillscape of undulating brick in front of 747 Third Avenue. Disneyland, more than architecture with a capital A, has been the inspiration. What gives this time? Has Mel Kaufman lost his nerve? Quite the opposite. Seventeen State Street is in some ways the most daring building the Kaufmans have yet built in New York, and in many ways it confirms this company's role as the iconoclast among New York builders. Underneath its cool exterior, this building is in many ways even less conventional than the Disneyland Kaufman buildings of the 1970's. And it is the first Kaufman-sponsored building in a generation that deserves to rank as a serious effort in architecture, and not just as a successful piece of public theater. The building, which was built in partnership with the JMB Realty Corporation, is 43 stories tall, and it stands on one of lower Manhattan's finest, if smallest, building sites; it is on a curving street directly opposite Battery Park, meaning that there are views from every floor. The building is slipped between a pair of dreary dark boxes from the 1960's, but it takes splendid advantage of the unusual shape | At 17 State Street, High Tech Passes Into the Vernacular |
158820_0 | LEAD: South Korea's trade surplus with the United States between January and May shrank by 15.5 percent from the period last year, the Trade and Industry Ministry reported. The decline, to $3.16 billion, from $3.65 billion, came as growth of Korean imports from the United States outpaced the growth of Korean exports to the United States. South Korea's trade surplus with the United States between January and May shrank by 15.5 percent from the period last year, the Trade and Industry Ministry reported. The decline, to $3.16 billion, from $3.65 billion, came as growth of Korean imports from the United States outpaced the growth of Korean exports to the United States. * Australia will spend $1.2 million on a worldwide campaign to get more foreign business executives to move to this country, the Immigration Minister, Clyde Holding, said. The program seeks to bring 12,000 business migrants to Australia in the 1988-89 fiscal year beginning today. Business migrants are required to bring a minimum of $400,000 into Australia for business purposes. * China said it would open more areas off its southeast coast to foreign oil drilling and would grant new tax incentives to speed exploration. The China Daily said bidding would begin in September for the right to explore for oil in a 25,000-square-mile area east of the Pearl River basin known as the Dongsha-Shenhu region. * Indonesia has banned exports of semi-finished rattan and announced export controls on sawn wood in an effort to control the furniture market. Indonesia, which supplies 85 percent of the world's rattan supplies, banned exports of unfinished rattan vine in 1986 to help a fledgling furniture industry and ease unemployment among the nation's 172 million people. The latest ban will insure that vine supplies from the country's rain forests reach a rapidly growing industry, said Tjipto Wignjoprajitno, president of the Indonesian Rattan Producers. * Kenya is to receive $111.2 million in credits for industrial development from the International Development Association, a World Bank affiliate, the official Kenya News Agency said. Kenya's industrial sector adjustment program aims to speed growth in order to provide employment for a population expected to double from the present 23 million by the end of the century. | Global Briefs |
158868_0 | LEAD: Sermet Pasin, an international trade official from Turkey, remembers watching an American trade delegation, four young women, walking into a room in Geneva to face more than a dozen negotiators from the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry in a dispute over food import restrictions. Sermet Pasin, an international trade official from Turkey, remembers watching an American trade delegation, four young women, walking into a room in Geneva to face more than a dozen negotiators from the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry in a dispute over food import restrictions. ''In my country,'' said Mr. Pasin, who was chairman of the committee that heard the dispute, ''we have a saying that one woman is worth three men, so I would say the sides are evenly balanced.'' After forcible arguments by the American women, the Japanese lost their case, and they are in the process of removing most of the restrictions. Cause for Curiosity Overseas For years, women have occupied senior positions in the United States Government. That is a cause of persistent comment and curiosity overseas, particularly in countries such as Japan, South Korea and Brazil, where career women are still a rarity. Women make up about a half the 100 professional staff members at the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the Government agency chiefly responsible for trade negotiations. Some women have played key trade roles in foreign governments. Muni Figueres de Jimenez is a former trade minister in Costa Rica. Olga Lucia Mosquera was the deputy director of the Colombia Institute for Exports. Sylvia Ostry is Ambassador for Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Canada. Margaret Thatcher, of course, is Prime Minister of Britain. But the United States employs a much larger proportion of women in trade negotiations than any other government. Many foreign newspapers and magazines treat American women who work as trade negotiators almost as celebrities, focusing as much on their personal lives as their negotiating stances. Last year, the Brazilian newsweekly Veja suggested romantic links between Christina Lund, an American trade negotiator on Brazilian issues, and Brazil's retired soccer superstar, Pele. Ms. Lund had dined with Pele, whose full name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento, after a Brazilian Embassy reception last November. Like hundreds of others, she also got Pele to give her an autograph. She says she hasn't seen him since. American officials and students of trade negotiations say that foreign officials, | Washington Talk: Trade Representatives; A Difference in Societies That Can Give U.S. an Edge in Talks |
158861_2 | by Minard Lafever and completed in 1848, with subsequent additions. The parish is perhaps best known now for its soup kitchen, which feeds 800 to 1,000 people a day. ''We're not out to destroy the church,'' said John Ghisoni, director of marketing and communication for the Postal Service in New York City. ''We're out to provide service to Manhattan island.'' ''We share a genuine concern for antiquity,'' Mr. Ghisoni said. ''We will not do any heavy construction or blasting until we are assured that the church is properly protected. We will include protection of the church as part of the construction documents.'' Joining Two Buildings The proposed three-story, 770,000-square-foot postal building between Ninth and 10th Avenues would be joined to the existing Morgan General Mail Facility by a blocklong structure over 29th Street. The Postal Service said this would be a ''consolidated, state-of-the-art mail processing plant able to meet present and projected mail volumes over the next 20 years.'' To reduce the impact of construction on the church, the Postal Service said it would remove windows on the north and west sides of the church, set a vibration limit for construction work, build a concrete slab in the basement to restrain the church walls, reconnect loose tie rods in the bell tower and repair or rehabilitate its timber frame. The vestry, in a resolution, has rejected these as ''totally inadequate and promulgated without the knowledge and participation of anyone at the church.'' Father Greenlaw said, ''At a bare minimum, the post office has to finance a first-class engineering study by a firm that's working for us and looking after our interests.'' Among other problems with the existing study, he said, was that it was conducted before the collapse of a portion of the ceiling last year. During services last week, large scabs of ceiling paint fell and landed at the altar. More than $275,000 is needed to repair the slate roof and roof drainage system ($120,000 would come from a New York State grant). Father Greenlaw estimates that $300,000 is needed to stabilize the tower and at least $400,000 to restore the windows. Unlike some church leaders - including a number in his own diocese -the rector said he is trying to forge an alliance with preservationists. ''My challenge to the landmarks community is: 'Help us restore this wonderful building. And help us fight the post office,' '' he said. | Church Sees Postal Project as Threat |
158902_2 | Doherty has attracted an international following of admirers, who send him an average of 15 to 20 letters and postcards of support each day, including more than 700 on his birthday last January. Over the last year, prominent visitors to his cell have included Senator Christopher J. Dodd, Democrat of Connecticut, and John Cardinal O'Connor, who wrote an article about Mr. Doherty, ''Justice Delayed Is Justice Denied,'' for the major Catholic newspaper in the city, Catholic New York. This year, the Justice Department blocked an attempt by thousands of Philadelphians to have Mr. Doherty lead their St. Patrick's Day Parade as the honorary grand marshal. Speaking in a gentle brogue that transforms his name into ''Dockerty,'' Mr. Doherty recalled his upbringing in the New Lodge neighborhood in Belfast, where he was the oldest child, and only son, of a longshoreman in a Catholic enclave surrounded by Protestant areas. Ambush Planning Uncovered After quitting school at 14, Mr. Doherty worked on the docks and as a plumber's apprentice before his first arrest, at 16, for unspecified crimes under the Special Powers Act. After learning in jail of the killing of 14 civilians by British troops in 1972, he sought out a neighborhood I.R.A. ''recruiter'' and for the next eight years was in and out of jail for his participation in I.R.A. operations, including sniper attacks and smuggling explosives. One such operation, the planned ambush of a British Army patrol in 1980 on Antrim Road in Belfast, was uncovered by British intelligence. British troops surprised the waiting I.R.A. men and captured Mr. Doherty and three others in a gunfight that left one British officer dead. Tried as a murderer, Mr. Doherty refused to recognize the court's authority and still bridles at the suggestion that the killing was an act of terrorism or simple murder. ''It was an operation that was typical of all operations where we set up an ambush of a British military convoy,'' he said. ''It is a war, and this was a military action.'' He and other I.R.A. members escaped from jail before the trial and fled to Ireland. ''Everywhere I went, I was seeing my face on the wall,'' Mr. Doherty said. ''That face was even starting to scare me. I said, 'Let's get this guy arrested.' '' Lived in Brooklyn and Jersey Ordered by I.R.A. superiors to leave for the United States, Mr. Doherty flew here with | GUNMAN OF THE I.R.A.: A 5-YEAR WAIT |
162685_1 | school's graduating seniors. At a time when the national unemployment rate is at its lowest level in 14 years -5.2 percent - and New York State's is at 3.5 percent, job prospects for these students are far better than they were a few years ago. As recently as 1982, unemployment among recent high-school graduates who did not go on to college stood at 26 percent nationally; now it is under 20 percent. Income is a different story, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By one measure available, the average income of full-time workers 18 to 24 years old, adjusted for inflation, has dropped almost every year since 1976. The typical worker in that group made $13,620 in 1986, the latest for which statistics are available. Accounting for inflation, that was 11 percent less than such a worker typically made in 1976. The class of 1987 has not been out of school long enough for the statisticians to complete a national portrait. At White Plains High School, administrators say it has been difficult to keep track of these graduates and measure their success. But they do know some things about them. Some Merely Postpone College In a school that is 33.9 percent black and 13.3 percent Hispanic, a disproportionate number of those minority-group students do not go on to college. Each year, some among them join the military and some find their first full-time jobs. A few, perhaps those with fewer financial constraints, travel or work or don't do much of anything, and then enroll in college a year later. Many, particularly those who participate in the school's highly regarded business-education program, find success and satisfaction in the working world. Some among them will eventually go on to college. At White Plains, a school that prides itself on the diversity of its students, administrators like to say that Lawrence Amatulli, the union carpenter, is every bit as successful as the handful of students who go on to Harvard and Yale every year. ''Many people feel the best go to college, and that the others somehow don't measure up,'' said Dr. Barbara Gruen, a guidance counselor. ''It's not true. Here at White Plains, there is a big diversity, of course. There is no set way of doing things. Our job is to present opportunities. Otherwise, you do students a disservice, you don't respect them.'' Ms. Brunson, Mr. Amatulli and four | AFTER WHITE PLAINS HIGH, JOBS, NOT COLLEGE, BECKON |
160990_2 | jailed in Athens on an American extradition request. Wanted in the U.S. Mr. Rashid, who is scheduled to go on trial Wednesday on charges of entering Greece on a forged passport, is wanted by the American authorities in connection with an explosion aboard a Pan Am flight from Tokyo to Honolulu in 1982. The explosion killed a Japanese teen-ager and wounded 15 others. The Government tonight distributed pictures of four suspects in the attack on the ship, including three believed to have been on board and one who was assumed to have been an accomplice. One was identified as Mohammed Zozad, 31, described by the Government as one of the assailants aboard the cruise ship. Another was identified as Hamoud Abdul Hamid, 36, who rented the car that exploded. Mr. Sehiotis said that both men entered Greece in May on Lebanese passports and that they left their hotel on Saturday. A Woman in Her 20's The minister said there were pictures of two other suspects, as yet unidentified, including a woman in her early 20's who was believed to be Moroccan. He indicated that the distributed pictures were a combination of photographs available from police files and of snapshots of the suspects taken by travelers aboard the ship. ''These pictures have been distributed to all the country's exit points in the hope of arresting the culprits before they leave Greek territory,'' Mr. Sehiotis said. The minister said investigations has shown that the three assailants boarded the vessel after its first stop, at the island of Aegina, a few miles south of Athens. There are no security checks on such local cruises in Greece. 'Barbaric,' Says Papandreou He said that after the attack, which lasted several minutes and created panic on board, a speedboat came up alongside the ship and picked up the attackers while firing at the ship. Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou cut short a vacation and returned to Athens today to visit wounded passengers in hospitals. The Prime Minister described the attack as ''barbaric'' and pledged ''even further action with the international community to put an end to these inhuman and criminal acts carried out by organs of international terrorism.'' But opposition parties today accused the Government of responsibility for the spread of terrorism in Greece and for the failure to catch any suspects. Over the last 14 years, Greek and foreign terrorist groups have staged scores of attacks | Greece Issues Photos of Suspects in Ship Siege |
161000_0 | LEAD: A Security Council debate on the American downing of an Iranian passenger plane was postponed today as diplomats said Iran was having difficulty lining up support for a resolution condemning the United States. A Security Council debate on the American downing of an Iranian passenger plane was postponed today as diplomats said Iran was having difficulty lining up support for a resolution condemning the United States. The debate was rescheduled for Thursday. Western diplomats said the Iranians still had not decided what kind of resolution to put forward and were busy sounding out members of the Security Council to see what plan might gain support. One resolution offered by the Iranians would modify their initial demand, merely condemning the United States' action in shooting down the airliner rather than the United States itself, some diplomats reported. ''They are all over the lot, depending on who you talk to,'' an American official said. The official expressed confidence that even an Iranian resolution that was limited to criticizing the shooting down of the Airbus would have trouble gaining the nine votes necessary for adoption by the 15-member Security Council. ''We're serene here,'' the official said. ''We've expressed regret, and we don't have to lie.'' The United States, as a permanent member of the council, would be able to veto any resolution. Quandary for Iranians The Iranians find themselves in a difficult position because they have essentially boycotted the Security Council since it called for a cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq war in 1980. Teheran has also repeatedly charged the Security Council with being biased against it. The council approved a resolution last year calling for an immediate end to the gulf conflict, but Iran refused to comply. The debate on the destruction of the civilian airliner presents the Security Council with a sensitive matter, the diplomats said. On the one hand, Iran has been very unpopular with many members of United Nations. On the other hand, a Western diplomat said, with Teheran itself coming to the council, ''this is an extraordinary opportunity.'' If the Iranians can gain approval of any resolution that they can use at home to mollify public opinion, it could bring Iran back into the United Nations peace process, the diplomat argued. ''If the Iranians are looking for a way out of the war, this could be a chance,'' he said. Another diplomat, a Western European, put it this | DEBATE ON AIRBUS POSTPONED AT U.N. |
160845_3 | are round chips embedded with flattened sunflower seeds. The chips, made by Garden of Eatin' in Los Angeles, are organiccally grown and prepared, according to the label. They are available in lightly salted and salt-free versions. Another deliciously irresistible chip made by the company is the rich-tasting triangular black bean and tortilla chip, introduced two months ago. Like the Sunny Blue, it is also organic. Both varieties are sold in eight-ounce bags. They are $2.59 a bag at Earth's Harvest, 700 Columbus Avenue (95th Street), and $2.99 a bag at Doug's Vegetable Patch on Montauk Highway in Sagaponack, L.I. Quick: Boil the Water A shopper's alert: last week farmers began picking the first fresh corn on the cob in New Jersey and on Long Island, and the first field tomatoes in New Jersey. Look for them at farm stands and in green markets. American Vintages Wines, cheeses and charcuterie, all American made, will be on the menu in the Grand Ballroom at Windows on the World in the World Trade Center on July 25 from 5:30 to 8 P.M. The New York chapter of the American Institute of Wine and Food is sponsoring the third annual Wines of the U.S.A. tasting that evening. Wineries from more than 40 states are participating. The 500 tickets are $25 for members and $35 for nonmembers. They must be reserved in advance according to the organizers. Checks, payable to the institute, can be sent to the institute in care of Wine and Food Associates, 730 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10019. More information is available at 212-333-8780. A Bible, Revised but Still Standard SINCE its publication in 1973, ''Putting Food By'' by Janet Greene, Ruth Hertzberg and Beatrice Vaughan has become the bible of home canning, preserving, freezing and drying. A new edition by Stephen Greene Press ($9.95, paper) offers more detailed information about safety, proper materials, thickeners, freezing for reheating in a microwave oven, reduced-calorie or sugar-free preserves and spreads, and canning or freezing in small quantities. Each section provides an intelligent, lively text with several reliable recipes. Use it as a guide and cross-reference when following recipes from other cookbooks. With fresh fruits and vegetables in abundance, it can be an important addition to the library: when a ripe half-bushel of peaches at a farm stand can't be resisted, turn the surplus safely into preserves, pie filling, or canned or frozen supplies. | Food Notes |
163188_3 | Ounce That Costs Last week, as part of its ballyhooed ''zero tolerance'' program, the Coast Guard made its first catch on the Connecticut River. Five miles south of Essex, at Long Island Sound, the guard arrested two men from Bristol and seized their 26-foot cigarette boat, the Piece-a-Cake, after discovering half a marijuana cigarette, a few marijuana seeds and less than a half-ounce of marijuana in a plastic bag. The anti-drug program, which calls for the seizure of a boat if a trace of illegal drugs is found on board, began in May. Lieut. Jeffrey S. Hammond of the guard said the Piece-a-Cake was about the 200th suspicious boat boarded in the river and the eastern end of the Sound under the program. ''The word got out pretty well,'' he said. Not so sanguine are boaters who berth here. The feelings among them about the anti-drug program and the seizure are mixed, as are the reactions of many politicians, lawyers and law-enforcement officials. ''This is definitely a step in the right direction,'' said Eric Colby, a powerboat operator and writer for Soundings magazine here. ''But I don't think you have to get that drastic.'' When Tourists Troop In Away from the slips and moorings along the water off the east end, the streets are lined with taste and affluence. White picket fences are popular. Freshly painted captain's houses start, as the local real-estate agents say, in the 300's. Homes in carpenter's gothic with gingerbread frets could cost more. Such is the state of real estate in this fast-growing former backwater. As for the downtown commercial district, well it's a budding boutique heaven. Particularly Main Street, where the Griswold Inn, reportedly the oldest in the country, is situated. Scattered around the 212-year-old hostelry are myriad sailing shops and galleries of nautical art. The only thing missing is a little cobblestone. The area, though, does have duck decoys galore. There is hardly a shop around that doesn't have a brace of them. ''It's what attracts people here, the charm,'' First Selectman John A. Johns, 57, said. Despite the presence of one of the largest tourist attractions in the state, the steam train on the Valley Railroad, many people in this town of 5,000 reticent and cantankerous Yankees, with a growing number of retirees, disdain the trappings of tourism. Some fear the proliferation of roadside motels that have afflicted many towns on the | Sailboat Haven Groans as Motors Growl |
164783_2 | months ago, when it relented, the Government required Iranians to pay for their tickets in United States dollars, which they had to buy at the exorbitant black-market rate and also risk a penalty for breaking the law, which forbids dealing in foreign currency by foreigners and Iranians alike. An Elastic Currency A craving for the American dollar is the one thing widely shared in Teheran and Baghdad. In both capitals, everyone - taxi drivers, waiters, bazaar merchants, upper-class folks in leafy suburbs -wants United States currency. In Teheran, dollars are an investment. With inflation rampant, the value of the dollar keeps rising. In 1979, when Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's revolutionary Government came to power, the official rate was 80 rials to the dollar, against a black-market exchange rate of about 400. Today, the official rate has fallen to 70 rials, but the black market rate has soared to 1,400. In Baghdad, where there are more than a million Egyptian expatriate workers, in addition to several hundred thousand other foreigners living and working, dollars are the only way for these people to take their earnings home. The expatriate workers are officially allowed to transfer abroad in hard currency no more than 60 percent of their earnings. The rest has to be smuggled. For this, they are willing to risk long prison sentences and what one Egyptian worker in Baghdad described as ''a respectable beating.'' Styles of Behavior Control Fear is how both regimes rule. But there is a difference in the way citizens in each country react to it. In Iran, which is still in its revolutionary mode in reaction to the ''imperial tyranny'' of the late Shah, there is a sense of shame about applying naked power. Repression must be justified on religious or security grounds. Otherwise, people cannot be prevented from expressing some of their views. As a result, unhappy Iranians test the system every day, trying to see how much they can get away with. Over the last three months, as the ruling clergy has met with many setbacks on the war front and in its economic management of the country, middle-class women have returned to the use of makeup - a little lipstick here, a little rouge there - in defiance of strict prohibitions that can draw severe punishment, including lashes on the soles of the feet. People in Teheran argue openly about politics. To be sure, one | Reporter's Notebook; Panic in Teheran, a Judicious Silence in Baghdad |
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