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164903_0 | LEAD: Michael Exner, president of the Skylink Corporation of Boulder, Colo., is seeing his dream of a mobile communications system based on a satellite link, taking another step closer to fruition. Michael Exner, president of the Skylink Corporation of Boulder, Colo., is seeing his dream of a mobile communications system based on a satellite link, taking another step closer to fruition. Mr. Exner, 39, got the idea six years ago to launch a satellite that would provide ground communications for vehicles, boats and airplanes. The head of another entrepreneurial company, the Mobile Satellite Corporation of Malvern, Pa., got the idea independently about the same time, and both filed development applications with the Federal Communications Commission. ''Sometime we're jokingly referred to as the husband and father of the industry,'' Mr. Exner said. He described the system as a nationwide operation covering all the areas that cellular telephone companies, which concentrate in urban areas, do not cover. The voice service would not work satisfactorily in places like Manhattan, he said, because of tall buildings, but rural and remote areas are the system's marketplace. Several companies entered competing applications and Mr. Exner said that the F.C.C. decided that because of the nature of the technology, a consortium would have to be established. The only way to expand the system is to send up larger and larger satellites, an expensive proposition, and the F.C.C. decided that the license would be shared. Thus the American Mobile Satellite Consortium, based in Los Angeles, was born in May. Last week it named George J. Tellman, president and chief executive. The consortium includes Mr. Exner's and Mr. Kiesling's small companies, along with such big players as Hughes Communications. The consortium plans to begin operations using leased satellite capacity for data communications. The first dedicated satellite is scheduled to be launched in 1993 and voice communications will be added at that time. The last few years saw disputes among the 12 original companies to decide how to share the license and fighting with others that wanted the spectrum the system will operate on, Mr. Exner said. In 1973, he founded a company called Synergetics International, which manufactures satellite equipment. He looked into mobile satellite communications at the request of his customers, who wanted to improve rural and remote communications, he said. Mr. Exner, a graduate of the University of Colorado, still runs that company. His other company, Skylink, which | President of Skylink Is Closer to His Dream |
164786_0 | LEAD: The agony of Northern Ireland left Cardinal John O'Connor and Mayor Koch shaken today. The agony of Northern Ireland left Cardinal John O'Connor and Mayor Koch shaken today. ''When will it end?'' asked Cardinal O'Connor in a rising voice at an interfaith prayer service in Armagh's hilltop St. Patrick's Cathedral. ''In the long history of bloodshed, of stupidity, of irrationality, of the cycle of violence in this land - all of it has been seen in the last few days.'' Nearing the end of a pilgrimage for peace and reconciliation in Ireland, the Archbishop of New York and the Mayor were left startled by yet another murderous attack in the tortured Northern province. They referred repeatedly today to the Irish Republican Army bomb attack on Saturday, just inside the Irish border near Newry, in which a Protestant couple and their 6-year-old son, returning from a Disneyland holiday in the United States, were killed. 'Murderers, Pure and Simple' The I.R.A. has acknowledged that the detonation of the 1,000-pound bomb was a mistake, and the police believe it may have been intended for a High Court judge, Ian Higgins. The judge, a Roman Catholic, had returned to Dublin on the same Aer Lingus flight from New York that the family had taken, and he was traveling on the same road home. ''Those people who embarked on the plan to blow up that car, thinking it was a judge, gives it no excuse at all,'' Mr. Koch said. ''Those people are murderers, pure and simple.'' The slayings have dominated the news here because they bring to 17 the number of people killed by I.R.A. ''mistakes'' since November. ''Such tragedies make pilgrimages of this sort that much more important, that much more indispensable,'' Cardinal O'Connor said this morning at St. Peter's Cathedral, whose twin spires overlook the Catholic ghetto along Falls Road in Belfast. Mayor 'a Little Wiser' Now Later, standing outside the Gothic cathedral in Armagh, Mr. Koch said: ''The fact is the most recent atrocity underscores why it's so important to do what the Cardinal is asking people to do - to think about how awful things are for innocent people, to pray. It might have an impact. He thinks it will. So do I.'' Mr. Koch added, ''I'm a little wiser than when I first came here.'' It was Cardinal O'Connor's idea to call the pilgrimage on St. Patrick's Day | Slaying of Irish Family Jolts O'Connor and Koch |
164781_4 | persuade their following to fall into line. But the outcome remains in doubt. Mr. Lafleur, leader of the Rally for Caledonia in the Republic, appears to be having a somewhat easier time. This is ironic, because it is a conservative party whose sentiments are close to Mr. Chirac's. It is virtually the only group representing the Caldoches, who tend to consider Socialists advocates of a ''sellout.'' Question of Numbers Mr. Tjibaou has been criticized for accepting what more militant representatives of his Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front consider voting qualifications for the 1998 referendum that favor the loyalists. The plan gives the ballot to all residents now entitled to vote, as well as to children who will be 18 years old in 1998. Population forecasts suggest that even in 1998, under the voting plan, the Kanaks will still be a minority of the total population, although they are the largest single group, 62,000 in a population of 150,000. And virtually all non-Kanaks oppose independence. ''It will be the year 2030 before we have a majority,'' said Leopold Joredie, a more militant leader in the Liberation Front. ''We will not accept a referendum in which we will not have our sovereignty given back to us by France. This is not a football game. We must win.'' Mr. Joredie said he distrusted all French leaders. He said Mr. Mitterrand, who before becoming President in 1981 was viewed as a supporter of independence, was interested in ''the superior interests of France'' - principally using the South Pacific possessions to test nuclear arms. The French nuclear testing site at Mururoa Atoll is near Tahiti, far to the east of New Caledonia. 'Armed Struggle' Mr. Joredie said ''armed struggle'' might be the Kanaks' only road to independence, and he said the front was ready. Many Caldoches and French residents, most of whom own guns, say they are equally ready to fight. ''The Paris accord is the result of a dual failure,'' said Pierre Maresca, a former French resident of Algeria and a principal leader of the Rally for Caledonia. ''We have not been able to prevail with our electoral majorities, and they have failed with terrorism. This is the only chance.'' But most politically unaffiliated Kanaks and Caldoches, while expressing little affection for their political rivals, said they hoped that the agreement would succeed. As a Caldoche shopkeeper said, ''the opposite would be too terrible.'' | Noumea Journal; On an Island in the Pacific, but Far From at Peace |
164716_2 | away in others. Engineers hope that by taking advantage of silicon chip technology, they will be able to manufacture micromachines as cheaply and as uniformly as computer chips are produced. ''You're not just reducing things, you're making lots of them,'' said Kaigham J. Gabriel, a scientist at Bell Laboratories, who has made several micromachines with his colleagues, William S. Trimmer and Mehran Mehregany. George Hazelrigg, an official of the National Science Foundation who oversees research in micromechanics, said: ''We would expect to be able to make motors for a tenth of a cent apiece, maybe less. You can talk about applications with 100,000 or a million motors. We haven't the foggiest notion of what we can do with that.'' It might be possible, for instance, to build a flat television in which the intensity of light at each point on the screen would be controlled by its own micromotor or microshutter, he said. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, engineers talk of developing armies of ''gnat robots'' that could perform some jobs, like cleaning a floor, more efficiently and cheaply than one human-sized robot. While tiny gears, turbines, motors and other moving parts are still experimental, non-moving parts fashioned with the same ''micromachining'' techniques have already found commercial uses, mainly as sensors. Automotive Systems A tiny pressure sensor, for example, can be made by etching a thin diaphragm in the middle of a silicon chip that bends in response to pressure. Circuits embedded in the silicon on the rim of the diaphragm measure the amount of deflection. Millions of such sensors are produced each year for measuring blood pressure and for gauging air intake pressure in electronic automobile engine control systems, said Kurt Petersen, executive vice president of technology for Novasensor, a Fremont, Calif., company that makes such sensors. He added that tiny accelerometers are also likely to find commercial use in the next few years, possibly in automobile airbag systems to detect the rapid deceleration caused by a collision, or in active suspension systems. An accelerometer can be made by building what is essentially a tiny diving board above the silicon chip. The greater the acceleration, the more the diving board bends. Built on 'Sacrificial' Layers Micromachining can also be used to make holes and grooves and other non-moving parts for high-precision machinery. German scientists have made tiny nozzles that bend gas molecules through a sharp curvature. Since heavier | New Generation of Tiny Motors Challenges Science to Find Uses |
164716_3 | the same ''micromachining'' techniques have already found commercial uses, mainly as sensors. Automotive Systems A tiny pressure sensor, for example, can be made by etching a thin diaphragm in the middle of a silicon chip that bends in response to pressure. Circuits embedded in the silicon on the rim of the diaphragm measure the amount of deflection. Millions of such sensors are produced each year for measuring blood pressure and for gauging air intake pressure in electronic automobile engine control systems, said Kurt Petersen, executive vice president of technology for Novasensor, a Fremont, Calif., company that makes such sensors. He added that tiny accelerometers are also likely to find commercial use in the next few years, possibly in automobile airbag systems to detect the rapid deceleration caused by a collision, or in active suspension systems. An accelerometer can be made by building what is essentially a tiny diving board above the silicon chip. The greater the acceleration, the more the diving board bends. Built on 'Sacrificial' Layers Micromachining can also be used to make holes and grooves and other non-moving parts for high-precision machinery. German scientists have made tiny nozzles that bend gas molecules through a sharp curvature. Since heavier gases will curve less easily, the nozzle is used to separate the lighter form of uranium, which is useful in nuclear reactors, from the heavier form, which is useless, Mr. Hazelrigg said. The development of moving parts has occurred only in the last year or so, and the devices built so far have only been for demonstration. The Berkeley motor, designed by Roger T. Howe, has turned when a voltage was applied, but it is not yet capable of sustained motion. The rotor in the device has a diameter of 60 microns, or 60 millionths of a meter. By contrast, a human hair is 70 to 100 microns thick. To produce a moving part free from its silicon base, scientists have built some structures on ''sacrificial'' layers of a special kind of glass that are etched away at the end. An analogy, Dr. Muller said, would be a mechanic who builds a structure of alternating layers of metal and ice and then melted the ice, leaving only the metal. The ultimate objective in many cases would be to combine sensors, the electronic control circuits and the actuator, the moving part, on the same chip. That would allow, for example, the | New Generation of Tiny Motors Challenges Science to Find Uses |
161213_1 | Animal Regulation issued their annual summer warnings about rattlesnakes. Recently the police in suburban Pasadena shot and killed a 110-pound mountain lion that had wandered into a yard where three children were playing. A few weeks before that, the police killed a 120-pound cougar crouching behind a hedge in Yorba Linda. The incidents speak volumes about the modern Los Angeles area, a region that is metastasizing into the hills and deserts that once defined the boundaries between civilization and nature. Human and animal habitats are merging into one, and territorial conflict is perhaps inevitable. ''If we would stop encroaching into their territory they would stop coming into ours,'' said Steve McNall, executive director of the Humane Society in Pasadena, near where new developments in such communities as Flintridge, La Canada, Monrovia, Altadena and Arcadia are putting human nests amid wild ones. Mr. McNall considers it ''a privilege that they come into our city.'' The Los Angeles Department of Animal Regulation regularly gets calls from irate residents whose cats have become coyote food. It regularly sets traps and airlifts a menagerie of wildlife into the remote countryside for release. ''We're the only municipality in the world that relocates wildlife,'' said Dyer Huston, a department spokesman. The department tries to educate Angelenos about the furry facts of life in the big city, that the best way to deter nocturnal visits by wildlife is to take a few simple precautions, such as putting lids on garbage cans. ''They would rather not run after food and get all tired if then can get fast food,'' Mr. Huston said. ''The real culprit is the people,'' said Lila Brooks, a diminutive, determined Hollywood woman who is the director of California Wildlife Defenders and is the author of the new county anti-feeding law. She complains that ''well-meaning but misguided'' people have enticed the creatures out of the hills. ''By feeding coyotes, we have conditioned them to lose their fear of humans,'' she said. ''Their fear needs to reinstilled, and they need to be sent back to the hills where they belong.'' Ms. Brooks asserts that many of the misdeeds attributed to coyotes are committed by packs of feral dogs, turned loose by their owners, sometimes to interbreed with coyotes into hybrids known here as ''coydogs.'' She offers a pamphlet to residents with such advice as, ''Don't try to tame coyotes or treat them as your own pets | Los Angeles Journal; City Folk Are Learning The Furry Facts of Life |
161260_3 | since 1974.'' The Liberty Scholarship plan would provide funds to any New York student who is accepted into college and who meets income guidelines. The amount would depend on the college the student attends, with greater amounts for students going to State University or City University colleges. The agreement on the Liberty Scholarships was a victory for Mr. Cuomo, although the compromise version is different from what Mr. Cuomo proposed in his State of the State Message six months ago. Today, with the Governor in Washington, his Director of Operations, Henrik N. Dullea, declined to discuss the differences, saying that the staff had not had time to review the revisions. Up to 94,000 Scholarships The conferees, like the Governor, said they hoped the scholarships would encourage all New Yorkers who wanted to go to college to do so. Under the Assembly and Senate bills, the first grants would be awarded through a $9 million appropriation for the 1991-92 school year. State officials said they expected to award 94,000 scholarships when the program is in full operation, in 1994. The Governor's original plan had been aimed at closing the gap between college costs and the maximum aid available through Federal Pell grants, which provide $2,200 a year to three million low- and middle-income students, and the state's Tuition Assistance Program, which provides grants from $350 to $2,850 a year to students whose parents' net taxable income for state tax purposes is no more than $32,000. But the conferees limited the Liberty Scholarships to nontuition expenses, room and board, transportation to and from college, and books and supplies. Mr. Sullivan said he expected that increased tuition assistance grants would make up the difference between tuitions and the Pell grants. Under Mr. Cuomo's original proposal, potential Liberty Scholars would have been chosen in the seventh grade. Aides to the Governor said they wanted to designate the scholars at that stage to avoid administrative headaches. Eligibility for Federal school-lunch programs is determined in the seventh grade, and the plan had been to use the same formula for the scholarships. Dispute Over Dropouts But the conferees were concerned that the method would exclude out-of-state students who moved here in later grades and graduated from New York high schools. The Assembly and Senate bills do not require a student to have attended school in New York from the seventh grade on, as the Governor's bill had. | Leaders in Albany Agree on Plan To Guarantee College Expenses |
161125_3 | and by the time Greek science began to decline, Eratosthenes had measured the circumference of the earth and the distance of the sun to within a few percent of the correct values, and Aristarchus of Samos had proposed a sun-centered cosmos, thus anticipating Copernicus by some 1,700 years, though the world listened to Ptolemy instead. Mr. Ferris's history proceeds with compelling logic up through George Ellery Hale's foundation of observational astrophysics and Ernest Rutherford's discovery of radiometric dating, both of which occurred early in the 20th century. These developments - the one involving space, the other time - bring us close to the limits of a science that can be understood in concrete terms. From this point on come the abstractions of relativity and quantum physics and the mysteries of quark and quasar that lie beyond. Happily, Mr. Ferris, instead of getting bogged down in abstruse particulars, returns to his image of the scientist as artist. ''Aesthetics are notoriously subjective,'' he writes, ''and the statement that physicists seek beauty in their theories is meaningful only if we can define beauty. Fortunately this can be done, to some extent, for scientific aesthetics are illuminated by the central sun of symmetry.'' The longing for symmetry provides him with a metaphor to recount the search for a unified field theory, the ''shotgun wedding'' between particle physics and cosmology to explain the early history of the universe, and various speculations about the origins of matter. In reflecting on the role played by symmetry in cosmic history, he writes, ''we soon confront the realization that perfect symmetry, though beautiful in the abstract, is also sterile.'' He concludes: ''It just may be, then, that we owe our existence, and that of the stars in the sky, to im Coming at last to the inevitable subject of detecting other forms of intelligence in the cosmos, Mr. Ferris speculates that there may be some ultimate purpose in ''our deep but seemingly inexplicable desire to learn whether we are alone.'' It may be that human life is ''the galaxy's way of evolving a brain.'' This will come as a surprise to pessimists who, contemplating humankind's destructive tendencies, may be wondering if life isn't the galaxy's way of eliminating certain planets. But it's an appropriately upbeat conclusion to a book that quite literally expands the reader's horizons and fills one with awe at the power of scientifically creative human intelligence. | Books of The Times; Decalcifying Scientists (and Science) |
159489_2 | we start discussing in public what we're doing,'' said Derek Ross, a British Airways spokesman. Mr. Reder of the Paris Airport Authority said, ''The less one gives of precision regarding security, the better the security.'' Passengers Are Questioned Airline officials said, however, that they are increasingly asking departing passengers whether they received gifts from anybody or whether they have left their bags unattended, even for a few minutes. There has also been a noticeable increase in the police presence in London and Rome. ''Since the Gulf incident we have been in a state of pre-alarm,'' said Franco Franceschini, a policeman at Rome's Fiumicino Airport. ''Security forces have been strengthened by 30 percent in manpower.'' Italian officials said they have stepped up their program of questioning suspicous persons. One official with an American airline said that on one Frankfurt-to-Berlin flight passengers were asked to identify all their baggage to make sure that no bags went aboard without a passenger to claim it. One passenger who had transferred in Frankfurt and had the airline transship his baggage did not claim it. It was left behind and put in a special bomb-proof container. Officials in Rome say airline security has been intense there since the 1985 attack on Fiumicino Airport. Similarly, in Paris, officials say security has been tight since a series of terrorist bombings in 1986. ''For the past couple of years, security measures have been very stringent at the airline and airport level,'' said Penton Spring, an Air France spokesman. ''There has been no fall-off in these measures.'' David Kyd, spokesman for the International Air Transport Association, added: ''Since the hijacking of the Kuwaiti airliner in April, airlines have been on a state of alert, and the recent Gulf incident and the reaction by Iranian authorities, have just tightened things further.'' The increased security comes during a chaotic week at European airports. French vacationers have thronged the airports since Friday, and delays at Paris airports have often exceeded three hours. There have also been long delays in Spain because of crowding. Precautions in U.S. By The Associated Press Airports in Boston and San Francisco stepped up security after Iran vowed to avenge the deaths of the 290 people in the Iran Air jetliner shot down Sunday. ''Our police and security people are very much aware of the situation and the potential for what could happen, with talk of retaliation,'' Ron Wilson, | Airports Tightening Security Measures |
186345_1 | explains the redecoration of the Governor's residence and grounds. This one is held on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and starts from the courthouse at 4:15 P.M. A series of mock trials are on the agenda. In one version, called Cry Witch, a woman stands accused of witchcraft. The event is on Monday evenings this month, except Oct. 31. Visitors may participate in the trial of several North Carolina pirates on Wednesday evenings through Oct. 26. All the trials take place in the Capitol. The Capitol is also the scene of an assembly ball, with dances of the period and conversations with townspeople. There's a ball next Friday and others on Nov. 4, 11 and 18. Outdoors, militia musters and fife and drum corps parades continue on certain days through late October. Eighteenth-century plays are being presented in the Lodge Auditorium. Two one-act plays are scheduled for Oct. 29 and Nov. 26; and a musical farce can be seen next Saturday evening and Nov. 12. Among musical events in October and November are programs by candlelight in Bruton Parish Church every Tuesday and Saturday evening. Along the Nile Question: I am planning a boat trip on the Nile but hear that a river restoration project is continuing for seven years. Will this disrupt tourist travel? Also, do you need shots to go to Egypt? - A. B., Douglaston, Queens. Answer: According to Galal E. Rashidi, the information minister at the Egyptian Mission to the United Nations, river work is not interfering with tourist shipping. The major Nile project, he said, is the construction of what he called a naval wall, 3.1 miles long, to protect the town of Rosetta from sea water. Rosetta is at the mouth of the Nile, about 35 miles northeast of Alexandria, and removed from the tourist sites to the south visited by Nile boats. Mr. Rashidi said the project is scheduled for completion in 1990. Sphinx Tours in New York (212-832-3120) and Naggar Tours in San Francisco (800-443-6453 and 415-392-0394) said that their trips are continuing as usual. Both companies book travelers on river trips between Luxor and Aswan. Sphinx, an Egyptian company, owns four Nile boats. Americans visiting Egypt do not need any inoculations, unless they they are traveling from Asia or elsewhere in Africa. Visas are required, and they can be obtained from the Egyptian Consulate (1110 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022; 212-759-7120) | Q and A |
186519_6 | grave risk. Urgent reform of farm practices is one remedy. Another is to upgrade sewage plants and combined storm-sewer lines like New York's, that overflow after heavy rainfall. Eastern lakes and forests are threatened by acid rain. Injected into westerly winds by tall smokestacks in the Ohio valley, waste gases mingle with moisture and fall as mild acid in the Adirondacks, New England and Canada. Under the continual chemical assault, many lakes have died. Forests are also beginning to show the first signs of widespread decline. In the Northeast, red spruce and maple are dwindling. Growth rates of yellow pines in the South have dropped by half over the last 30 years. The damage is even more serious in the industrial heartland of Europe. Air pollution is almost certainly to blame, with acid rain and ground-level ozone the leading suspects. The next President will have little time to prevent Appalachia's forests from going the way of Europe's. Tropical forests face a more immediate threat. Governments like Brazil's disastrously encourage settlers to clear forest land for agriculture. But the soil, despite the forests' luxuriance, is poor. It yields a few years' crops, then reverts to wasteland, and the settlers move on to burn still more forest. In Brazil's province of Rondonia, home to a fifth of the world's plant and animal species, 17 percent of the forest is already gone. The 170,000 fires counted last year in the western Amazon contributed a tenth of the world's production of carbon dioxide. The richness of tropical forests is the fruit of 50 million years of uninterrupted evolution. That millions of species and their home should be destroyed so wantonly is a historic offense, even though no law recognizes it. Persuading countries with tropical forests to preserve them is an urgent duty for the next President. There is little in either Presidential candidate's record that displays deep understanding of environmental issues, although Michael Dukakis passed legislation in Massachusetts to curb acid rain, and George Bush has now broken with the Administration in calling for an acid rain program. But ready or not, the next President will have the issues forced upon him. Persuading Americans to endure immediate costs for a long-term benefit will take leadership. Negotiating with other countries jointly to avert unproven risks will require statesmanship. The alternative is a steady, perhaps even catastrophic decline of the natural systems on which life depends. | The Next Generation of Poison; An Issue for the No-Issue Campaign |
186534_8 | in Calais, Me. And I mean he kept regaling us, causing my friend to invent the concept of the talking seat, which is the one in the canoe in which you face the guide and talk, or listen to him talk, as long as you are in the boat, a span of time over which the guide has complete control. On another trip, I had an experience strange enough to stun the most jaded sport. The same friend and I went to New Hampshire for landlocked salmon. We noticed right off that our guide was unusually well spoken and lacking in traditional colorful stories. We were distressed, but would have been willing to put up with this lapse except that we didn't catch any fish. Well, no fish to speak of; my friend caught a couple of things he had to throw back. At the end of the trip, dispirited and discouraged, we were stunned when the keeper of the rustic motel where we stayed revealed to us that the guide, whose last name was Conant, was the former president of Harvard University. This caused a profound sense of loss and dislocation. We felt that we had been somehow cheated. A man from a higher intellectual, social and economic plane (higher than us, I mean) had pretended to be our guide. He had even offered us fish from his freezer to take home. We refused, of course, but thinking back on the event we were appalled. Would the former president of Harvard not only have taken our hard-earned money for guiding, when he should have been teaching us Latin, but have compounded the sin by having suggested such a disgraceful deception? As it turned out, the motel keeper was wrong. Our guide, as best we could puzzle it out, was some kind of relative of James Conant, the actual former president of Harvard, or maybe he just had the same name. In any case, he was a former sport, and not a local as he should have been, with untoward connections to Boston. The shock pretty much ruined the trip for us. We haven't been fishing together since. Mostly now we just watch the fishing shows on television. You get the guide experience. You can turn the ''lookie here's'' off any time you want. And, at the very least, none of these guys seems to be from Harvard. TELEVISION VIEW | Bass Verite: The Poetics Of Fishing |
186417_1 | could hardly read - they tested to about second- or third-grade reading level. Their math ability was slightly, but not much, higher. Chronologically these children ranged in age between 14 and 19 and were placed in grades seven through eleven. I kept wondering how our children could have been passed on in school without their performance level keeping pace with their grade level. I remember telling my director at the Division for Youth when she hired me that I wanted the job, but didn't think I was the right person for it because my teacher's certification was from nursery school to sixth grade. She told me that was probably about the level where most of my future clients would be functioning. How right she was! That was in 1977 and the Education for all Handicapped Children Act had just been passed. Learning disabilities, emotional handicaps, neurological impairments and other classifications were relatively new terms to the mainstream of education. My children, along with countless others in the juvenile-justice system, had been innocent victims. They had fallen through the cracks before schools were mandated to test them and to provide all handicapped children with an appropriate education. Today, after a decade of experience, I no longer work with the children in the juvenile-justice system. Instead, I work to help children stay out of that system by helping them receive the special education that keeps them in the classroom: an education individualized to meet their needs and thus help them to become self-sufficient and contributing members of our society. Along with reading and math skills, they will have learned to feel good about themselves and to understand that people can and do learn differently. Then they need not think that they must put on the mask of ''being bad'' in order to hide a learning disability or an emotional handicap. Before going any further, let me say that just because one is learning disabled or emotionally handicapped does not mean that he or she will become a juvenile delinquent. Conversely, research has shown that 36 to 90 percent of officially adjudicated delinquents are learning disabled. Most learning-disabled children from nurturing homes and with a strong support system will never come into contact with the Family Court. The population in both the juvenile- and the criminal-justice systems, however, has not been fortunate enough to have the same support network. The late Mario Merola, | An Answer To Jails Is Reading |
186328_3 | letting in the poisonous environment. Toxic reactions tore gaping holes out of the cell's membranous walls. And the remains were cannibalized by scavenger white cells. Once started, the process became an irreversible confluence of breakdowns. Nothing could be done. Last year, however, a Cornell autopsy study of people who had died soon after a calamitous cardiopulmonary arrest showed that at least some brain cells, those in the hippocampus that are critical for memory, may be viable not for minutes - but for many hours. Previous animal experiments had suggested that more leeway might exist before the cell damage becomes irreversible after a stroke, cardiopulmonary arrest or trauma. And researchers have found that unusually large amounts of glutamate surround brain cells that are deprived of oxygen or glucose. For some of their communication needs, neurons release glutamate (which is an amino acid and the stuff of monosodium glutamate that cooks use). This chemical floats a tiny distance from one neuron to another, at which point it slips like a key into special door locks, called receptors, along the outer wall of the receiving neuron. Once in the lock, glutamate excites the neuron and opens doors to its inner sanctuary. Ordinarily, all this is fine. Glutamate will change the shape of the brain-cell receptors it latches onto, and it thus plays an important role in the process by which neurons - and people - remember and learn. Glutamate receptors are therefore probably present, in differing numbers, on most of the billions of cells of the brain and spinal cord. But experiments at Washington University and elsewhere show that glutamate can easily become too much of a good thing. If too much washes in, it may begin a cascade to cell death. Large amounts of glutamate can open too many locks to too many brain cells. Salt and water from the fluids that surround and bathe every brain cell rapidly swirl into the cell. But what is surprising and exciting news to neurologists is that these cells have not yet died. Dr. Dennis W. Choi of Stanford University has shown that death does not take hold until calcium, in addition to the salt and water, floods the cell. It is the calcium that really binds up and wrecks the cell's critical machinery. Now there is a delay. A potential reprieve. But after the delay, more glutamate apparently unlocks more doors. And at this | Head Trauma |
186126_3 | said that when they took the Civil Service test in 1977, the only criterion for racial classification was self-description. ''They made a good-faith claim and were always listed as black,'' he said. ''It was never questioned, even in the 1980's, when there were layoffs and race was relevant. For the Fire Department to say it just discovered this is not accurate.'' Mr. Foundas said that the Malones' hiring did not harm black and Hispanic applicants who might otherwise have won jobs as firefighters. ''Back then, they were recruiting because they ran out of minorities on the list,'' he said of the Fire Department. 'They Aren't Innocent Victims' But Margaret L. Dale, general counsel for the state personnel agency, said, ''If they hadn't been hired we would have sent other minority names for consideration.'' And Toni G. Wolfman, a lawyer who represents black and Hispanic Civil Service applicants, said of the Malones: ''They aren't innocent victims; they just got away with it, and the ones who chose to ignore them are equally culpable.'' In the 1970's, she said, Fire Department officials were inclined to look the other way; they ''clearly manipulated the system because they weren't interested in hiring minorities.'' City Councillor Bolling said: ''I understand it was common knowledge in the department that the Malones weren't black. It was a joke.'' Under current rules, said Ms. Dale, candidates who say they are members of minority groups are judged by appearance, documented personal history and identification with a minority community. Disputes over claims of minority status are resolved by the Department of Personnel Administration. Longstanding Concern Concerns about the misuse of minority status have long existed, said Lieut. Walter Porter 3d, a spokesman for the Vulcan Society, a Boston association of firefighters from minority groups. ''There have been candidates who have been suspect since 1976,'' he said. ''But in a semi-military organization in which there is a lot of nepotism, the person you complain to could be the guy's father or uncle.'' Last winter, the Vulcan Society discussed its concerns with Barbara R. Arnwine, director of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights of the Boston Bar Association. ''It's entirely possible to look white but be black,'' Ms. Arnwine said in an interview. But, she added, ''What's so troubling about the Malones is that they held themselves out to be white until right before taking an exam that they had previously failed.'' | Boston Case Raises Questions on Misuse of Affirmative Action |
186210_0 | LEAD: THE Reagan Administration's strong anti-abortion policy has produced little change in the United States, but it has given rise to an impassioned debate about its effect on the third world. THE Reagan Administration's strong anti-abortion policy has produced little change in the United States, but it has given rise to an impassioned debate about its effect on the third world. Not only have family planning and abortion advocates charged that the policy has damaged the population control effort abroad, but it is being challenged as unconstitutional in two Federal cases, both of which are to be decided soon. In 1984, at the United Nations Conference on World Population in Mexico City, the United States Agency for International Development abruptly announced that it would no longer give money to any group that provided abortions or even abortion-related counseling and education. Previously, recipients were required to separate money provided by A.I.D., which oversees Federal funds designated for population control, from their general budgets and to make sure that none of it was spent to promote abortion. They were allowed, however, to provide these services with other funds. Gov. Michael S. Dukakis has said that as President he would reverse the policy. Vice President Bush has said he would retain it. The new, much stricter policy has affected more than 800 recipients in about 80 countries. In a recent report based on trips to Kenya, Bangladesh, India and other countries, Sharon Camp, vice president of the Washington-based Population Crisis Committee, a non-profit group that tracks global population issues, argues that the policy has ''chilled'' all family planning efforts by creating confusion about what services are still allowed. In Bangladesh, Ms. Camp said, a clinic was turning away women suffering from infections and other complications that stemmed from abortions because it mistakenly believed that the United States development agency proscribed treatment. The report found that access to medically sound abortions has been curtailed in many third world countries and that post-abortion services have been hampered. Overall, abortions, some of them of the back-room variety, have not declined. At Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, doctors are admitting between 50 and 70 septic abortion cases a day, according to the report. Werner Fornos, president of the Washington-based Population Institute and a critic of the Reagan Administration policy, estimates that abortions have continued to rise, from 30 million worldwide in 1981 to 60 million last year. | A War on the U.S. War on Abortion |
186323_10 | Yates estimates that 75 percent of the drivers at this year's Indianapolis 500 ''bought'' their rides. ''Unfortunately,'' says Yates, ''in modern automobile racing, the cream doesn't always rise to the top unless it's accompanied by money.'' Not surprisingly, to major-league sponsors controversy is anathema. And to his dismay, Willy Ribbs's inability to court them nearly drove him out of racing. SITTING IN THE MOD-est San Jose, Calif., bungalow he shares with his wife, Suzanne, a statuesque woman of half-Kenyan-half-English descent, and their 2-year-old daughter Sasha, Ribbs seems acutely aware of how his past is perceived. ''I can't tell you how tough it's been,'' he says. ''I mean, being a race-car driver [ is tough enough ] . Then you get out of the car and have to deal with something that's totally beyond your control. It's like having chains around your ankles.'' Little in his background prepared him for the auto-racing spotlight he found himself in a decade ago. In many ways, it was an idyllic world that young Bill Ribbs grew up in. Today, his bungalow is only a few doors down from the middle-class house he was raised in; he says it wasn't until he got to high school that he even thought of himself as black. After high school, he went to work for his father, a plumber who had been an amateur road racer in the 1950's and 60's, and saved his money to go to driving school. In 1977, at 21, Ribbs went to England, where a sophisticated set of racing series using inexpensive, lightweight cars to ferret out skilled drivers had developed. There he found a company that rented beginners' race cars to aspiring drivers for $500 a weekend. Luckily for Ribbs, the owner was more interested in cash than credibility - he never inquired whether Ribbs had actually driven in a race before. He hadn't. But that didn't stop him from finishing third in his first race and winning his next, the second leg of the Dunlop Tire-sponsored Star of Tomorrow series. In all, he went on to win six of 11 races that year, finishing second four times and third once and garnering the Star of Tomorrow title, defeating a horde of England's most promising young race drivers. It was a startling accomplishment - no other young American had ever shown so well against the Europeans on their own turf. But returning | THE HARD RIDE OF WILLY T. |
186388_1 | to authorize a new waterworks on the Manhattan side of the High Bridge Aqueduct in 1863. From the aqueduct, water would be pumped up nearly 100 feet to a seven-acre reservoir at ridgetop and also to a 47,000-gallon tank in a 200-foot-high tower. Completed by 1872, the entire project was designed by John B. Jervis, an engineer who had worked on the Erie Canal and had supervised the original Croton Aqueduct, including the High Bridge Aqueduct itself. Although iron framing technology was fairly advanced by then, Jervis designed the tower with bearing walls of stone, mixing elements of the Romanesque and neo-Grec styles. Its rock-faced granite gives the tower a chunky, fortified appearance, as if it were a lookout for a much larger castle complex that was never built. The tower's octagonal shaft rises to an upper section with paired windows concealing the water tank itself. When completed, the tower had a peaked, copper roof with a lantern that doubled as a lookout and a large weather vane. The granite is competently handled, but the details are not very inspired or elegant. The tower is more picturesque than beautiful. But the interior is more impressive. An iron stair, decorated with quatrefoils and other designs, circles the interior walls, and perforations in the stair - presumably to save weight - give the huge column of interior space an airy quality. There are six landings, and windows at several points give an expanding set of views. The ironwork is so nicely detailed, the stairways so wide and the landings so commodious that they seem to have been designed to permit regular public access. There is no evidence that the tower was ever open to the public, but the surrounding High Bridge Park - established in 1849 - was a destination for day trips from the city for much of the 19th century and other elements in the Croton system accommodated the public. Even with the High Bridge improvement, the existing aqueduct was at full capacity by 1875. In 1890, the New Croton Aqueduct supplemented it. Reliance on the High Bridge Aqueduct and Water Tower gradually decreased; it was redundant enough to be shut down entirely during a sabotage scare in World War I. IN 1934, the reservoir was converted to the huge public High Bridge Swimming Pool and in 1949 the tower was removed from service entirely. In 1958, the Altman Foundation | STREETSCAPES: The High Bridge Water Tower; Fire-Damaged Landmark To Get $900,000 Repairs |
193399_1 | Children With Learning Disabilities, were intended to underscore a factor in the rise in cases of truancy, juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior that are flooding court dockets in New York City. Preliminary results of a pilot study conducted by the foundation in Brooklyn Family Court, which were released several weeks ago, show that 40 percent of juveniles who appear in Family Court have learning disabilities. The majority are age 7 to 17, and have failed in school or have dropped out and have engaged in antisocial and criminal behavior, from robbery to drug dealing to murder. Educators, psychologists and advocates for children say the link between juvenile delinquency and learning disabilities that the study found in Brooklyn can also be found throughout the city. They say results of the study, the first of its kind in New York City, follow disturbing national trends highlighted in Federal studies and by the American Bar Association several years ago. No Excuse for Crime ''No one is saying that being learning disabled is an excuse for crime,'' said Judge Jeffry Gallet of Manhattan Family Court, who discovered he was learning disabled when he was a young adult. ''If I, as a judge, can do something so a kid does not come back to my court because of crime, I should do something.'' People who are learning disabled have difficulty processing and understanding spoken, written or visual information. In most cases, educators and psychologists say, those people are of average or above average intelligence with a severe neurological handicap that affects perceptions. They may write backwards, reverse words when reading or be unable to tell time. They may also have problems getting along with others. Misread Cues ''We convey our affect and mood through very subtle intonational and gestural cues,'' said Dr. Rhianon Allen, a developmental psychologist at Long Island University who is the director of the foundations's pilot project in Brooklyn Family Court. ''The learning disabled often misread those cues, and perceive them as hostile and threatening. In interviews in Family Court or before judges, the kids stare at their knees, or play with keys and rings. They shut down completely or offer made-up, rehearsed speeches for the judge.'' There is no cure for learning disabilities and no one fully understands their causes. Recent studies show, however, that if a child is reached at an early age, he can learn to function adequately and | Learning Disabilities and Crime: Struggle to Snap the Link |
193299_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Your editorial ''The Next Generation of Poison'' (Oct. 9) provides an excellent description of the environmental dangers that now threaten the earth's natural systems on which all life and economic activity depend. The remedies you feel are sensible - which include banning CFC's, saving tropical forests and using energy more efficiently - while they are necessary, fall far short of measures that must be taken to create an economy that would be sustainable for the very long term. You fail to mention the most necessary and fundamental measure of all - stabilizing United States and world population size at a sustainable level. This would require a substantial reduction in world population from the present number of more than 5 billion to perhaps 1.5 billion to 2 billion, and a reduction in United States population size from the present 245 million to between 100 million and 150 million. There is not one threat to our environment - whether global warming, acid rain or the depletion of the ozone layer - that would not be alleviated by a substantial reduction in United States and world population size. On the other hand, there is not one environmental threat that will not be intensified (perhaps to catastrophic proportions) by further population growth in an already vastly over-populated nation and world. It is a simple fact that man's impact on the environment is the product of two factors: the number of people multiplied by per capita consumption of resources, and per capita production of pollution. Our present impact is so far beyond a sustainable level that action must be taken to change both sides of the equation. Why is it so rarely recognized that population size is a variable just as, for example, per capita consumption of energy? Why is it always implicitly assumed that population size is as immutable as the heavens, and can no more be influenced by human will and action than the motion of the planets in their orbit around the sun? If we are to increase our chances of avoiding severe penalties (a lowered standard of living and quality of life) in the near future, plus the very real possibility of outright disaster (the destruction of the earth's life-support systems), we must no longer delay both in asking ourselves, and finding an answer to, a fundamental question: With present technology, at what level | Population Size Can't Be Overlooked as an Environmental Danger |
193280_0 | LEAD: Jungle fever is sweeping the nation's capital. Jungle fever is sweeping the nation's capital. Last night, a group of environmental organizations, headed by the Tropical Ecosystem Research and Rescue Alliance International, held a rally to publicize and raise funds for a campaign to stop they destruction of Malaysia's rain forest and the Penan tribe beneath its canopy. The Smithsonian Institution and the Global Tomorrow Coalition are sponsoring a Rain Forest Town Meeting Nov. 14 at the National Museum of Natural History. The Smithsonian's Traveling Exhibition Service is to hold a Festival of Rain Forest Folklife, Nov. 11-13 at the S. Dillon Ripley Center. WASHINGTON TALK: BRIEFING | Friends of Forests |
186801_0 | LEAD: A listing in the Guide of the Long Island Weekly yesterday gave an incorrect telephone number for the Oyster Festival next Saturday and Sunday in Oyster Bay. The correct number for information is (516)-624-8082. A listing in the Guide of the Long Island Weekly yesterday gave an incorrect telephone number for the Oyster Festival next Saturday and Sunday in Oyster Bay. The correct number for information is (516)-624-8082. | Corrections |
186642_0 | LEAD: For the modern sailor, to step aboard today's traditional schooner is to enter the sailing world of the 18th century. For the modern sailor, to step aboard today's traditional schooner is to enter the sailing world of the 18th century. It's a world of belaying pins, four-sided sails on highly varnished wooden gaffs and booms, the smell of oil lamps, wet wood and tar. And its language includes fisherman staysails, gollywobblers and deadeyes. Noticeably absent on these schooners are the shiny gizmos of high-technology racing: hydraulic backstays and vangs, anodized aluminum spars, coffeegrinder winches and giant spoked wheels that spin a racing sloop within its own length. Schooners are usually two-masted vessels, although some giants were built with as many as seven masts. Their sails include jibs and staysails on the bowsprit, and four-sided sails framed on top by gaffs, and on the bottom by booms on the fore and main masts, although today triangular mainsails are accepted by schooner aficionados. ''Schooners were the work boat of 19th century in this country,'' said Peter Neil, president of the South Street Seaport Museum here, which is the home of Pioneer, the 102-foot, iron-hull schooner built in 1885. ''They were primarily fishermen and coasters, corresponding to the trucking industry today. They were cheap to build, and when they were worn out, they were thrown away. In today's schooners there is a lot of sweat equity and pride in their appearance. ''Schooners were really not designed for racing,'' Neil added. But the schooner owners do race their craft, in the tradition dating to 1851 when the schooner America beat an English fleet around the Isle of Wight to begin what has now become the America's Cup. The Seaport Museum has sponsored 22 Mayor's Cup Regattas for schooners in New York Harbor, the most recent of which took place two weeks ago, and the Individual Schooner Race at Mystic, Conn., last weekend attracted more than a dozen of the venerable craft. There are certain adjustments a sailor must make when racing schooners. Because of their hull design schooners are far slower than sloops to respond to helm commands. The vessels usually have keels running the length of the hull and are steered with large rudders that are attached to these keels. And a racing skipper used to flipping high-performance dinghies or fin keel sloops through sharp turns, should plan his moves well in | Schooners Transport Sailors Into Another Era |
192241_1 | Authorities Curbed For the first time, some precise details of the Government's drive to reassert control over the economy were disclosed today, measures that will directly affect existing foreign investments in China and sharply restrict the local authorities. In Guangdong Province alone, seven joint Chinese-foreign hotel projects worth $54.5 million were canceled, according to China Daily. And the Governor of the coastal province of Fujian announced that not all contracts between Chinese and foreign companies would necessarily be honored. Outlining the reasons for the sharp reversal in economic policy, Mr. Zhao said average Chinese were most concerned about three specific problems: ''price hikes, unfair distribution of wealth and corruption in party and Government institutions.'' China's economy, which grew at a 17.5 percent annual rate in the first nine months of the year, will be drastically slowed, the party leader said. ''China will work to slow down its overheated economic growth to 10 percent or lower next year,'' he said. Among the measures to be taken include an immediate curtailment of loans to local governments and industry for investment and expansion, revitalized centralized control over economic planning and an effort to suppress consumer spending. Government to Invest Less Mr. Zhao also said Government investment in fixed assets would be slashed next year by about 20 percent, or $13.5 billion. In addition to slowing economic growth, he said, such measures will also help hold down prices. If the inflation rate ''goes above the two-digit figure, economic and social stability will be affected,'' he was quoted as saying. ''Whether China can straighten out its price system in the next five years or more depends on whether demand can be effectively brought under control.'' To deal with inflation, Mr. Zhao said the prices of consumer goods would be frozen, regardless of the effect of such a decision on local economies. In southern China, particularly in Guangdong Province, the prices of virtually all consumer goods as well as most industrial supplies are determined by market conditions, which has led to remarkable economic growth there. Now these more autonomous economic regions, including the city of Canton, which has been designated an experimental economic zone, will be required to conform to policy decisions made in Beijing. In May the Government lifted controls on many prices and permitted the market to determine the cost of many goods and services. Over the summer, however, spurred by pent-up consumer demand, | China Explains Policy Shift Retightening Economic Grip |
192345_0 | LEAD: A French company's decision to suspend distribution of an abortion-inducing drug caused a furor here today at a congress of the main international body of gynecologists and obstetricians. A French company's decision to suspend distribution of an abortion-inducing drug caused a furor here today at a congress of the main international body of gynecologists and obstetricians. Doctors at the gathering called the decision irresponsible, given the reduced rate of complications for women using the drug compared with those having surgical abortions and the suffering and deaths of tens of thousands of women each year as a result of poorly performed procedures. The decision, which the company said was made because of pressure from anti-abortion groups, dominated events at today's meeting of the World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics, which is being attended by close to 9,500 doctors and medical experts. Researcher Criticizes Company Outspoken critics of the decision included representatives of the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the Rockefeller Foundation and practicing physicians and university professors from such nations as India, the United States, Britain and France. Among them was Dr. Etienne Baulieu, the French medical researcher for Groupe Roussel Uclaf who developed the drug, known as RU 486. Dr. Baulieu said Roussel had given in to intolerance. He called its decision ''morally scandalous.'' Officials of the World Health Organization and family planning groups said they would ask to talk with Roussel executives to urge them to change their mind. Barring that, they said, they will seek ways for another company or a nonprofit organization to produce and distribute RU 486, for which Roussel has the patent. [ In Paris, company officials said they would consider reversing their decision if public pressure against the drug died down. Page A9 ] Researchers Present Findings Dr. Baulieu said that he spoke with Roussel's president, Edouard Sakiz, on Tuesday, the day the company's board voted to suspend distribution of the drug. ''He told me he hopes there is pressure to counteract the decision,'' Dr. Baulieu said. The main meeting hall spilled over today as an international panel of researchers involved in the development and testing of RU 486 presented its findings on the compound, which it described as effective and safe. During the session, doctors collected more than 1,000 signatures on a petition urging Roussel to make the drug's patent available to ''an appropriate entity to insure that women have | DOCTORS PROTEST COMPANY'S ACTION ON ABORTION PILL |
190269_3 | were laid. The architects - whose firm was then called Gruzen & Partners - were sued by the city, and paid a $1 million settlement after years of litigation. But they insist that their decision to settle did not constitute an admission that they had made design errors. Contractor No Longer in Business The general contractor, Castagna & Sons, is no longer in the contracting business. And city officials say that, while they do not take issue with the architects' account of their warnings, the project was so long and so many commissioners ago that they have been unable to locate any officials who would have recalled the report on the waterproofing problems. Neither the general contractor nor any of the subcontractors were ever sued, although Mr. Esnard says that, in his opinion, the city should have moved against them as it did against the architects. Instead, Castagna & Sons and three subcontractors brought $15.8 million in suits against the city, claiming damages for construction delays. The city settled for $3.1 million. ''Then the city turned around and sued us,'' Mr. Gruzen said bitterly. Whatever the merits of the arguments, many of the bricks in the graceful, curving plaza have cracked, allowing moisture to seep in. This has forced bricks upward, especially during freeze-and-thaw cycles. The brick plaza, once one of the city's spectacular vistas, now has a splotchy look, a result of the black asphalt patches applied where bricks have disintegrated. Murder in High Heels ''It's murder if you're in high heels,'' said Alice T. McGillion, the Police Department's Deputy Commissioner for Public Information. The work on the plaza - which coincides with the first major rehabilitation of the 75-year-old Municipal Building at the opposite end of the walk -has been tough on pedestrians in flat soles as well. People are now obliged to wind their way through a maze of plywood construction barriers and wooden police barricades, a state of affairs that they may have to endure until next fall, when the project is supposed to be completed. Some officials said a decision by the Lindsay administration to accelerate the pace of construction in the mid-60's and early 70's may have contributed to the problems of the 80's. Mayor John V. Lindsay made the new headquarters a top priority virtually from his first day in office in 1966, and was hailed for cutting through red tape to complete | Mending the Leaking, Crumbling Police Headquarters |
191265_1 | progress in different areas. Advances in making microscopically thin films of the new materials, a form useful for electronic circuits, have been particularly rapid. By contrast, researchers have had trouble making flexible wires that can carry the needed current. Electric transmission and floating trains are 10 to 20 years away and may never be viable. ''Electronics applications will be the ones that dominate in the near term,'' said John Hulm, chief scientist emeritus at the Westinghouse Research and Development Center. ''Some of the early claims of levitated trains and all that stuff were much too premature.'' Applications that could be ready in three to five years include: * Sensors that can detect disturbances in the earth's magnetic field caused by a submarine deep in the ocean. Sensors might also be used to detect brain signals to diagnose neurological disorders. * Antennas that can receive signals at frequencies far higher than possible today for use in communications and space exploration. * Wiring that can speed the passage of electronic signals in computers. One factor tilting the effort toward meeting military needs is the high level of Defense Department spending on research. The agency is spending about $63 million in the current fiscal year, or about half of total Government spending on research and development. ''They get our attention when they are spending that much money,'' said C. S. Saunders Jr., a vice president at ICI Advanced Materials, a division of Britain's Imperial Chemical Industries based in Wilmington, Del. Indeed, researchers say little non-Government work is being done on electric power applications in the United States. Conducting Without Resistance Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity without resistance. Until recently, achieving superconductivity required freezing materials to temperatures close to absolute zero (zero degrees Kelvin), or 494 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. That required cooling with expensive and volatile liquid helium. Despite the expense of such cooling, a small market has developed for such superconductors, which are made of metal alloys such as niobium titanium. A principal use is to create powerful magnetic fields for use in a medical technique known as magnetic resonance imaging. Other uses include magnets for particle accelators and fusion research; highly specialized sensors known as squids, which can detect tiny magnetic fields, and high-speed oscilloscopes, used to test electronic instruments. The discovery of new materials that become superconducting at higher temperatures began in 1986 at an International Business Machines Corporation | New Phase for Superconductors |
191211_2 | required to either have their own composting sites or send their leaves to a private compost heap.'' In Connecticut, leaves are expected to be included in a statute requiring towns to recycle 25 percent of all waste by 1991. In Westchester County, towns will soon receive manuals explaining how to build and operate municipal compost heaps. The Crescendo of Leaf Blowers For the homeowner, perhaps the most visible, and surely the most audible, change has come with the surge in machines that blow or vacuum leaves from the yard. The machines, ranging from $30 for an electric hand-held model to $700 for a gas-powered unit that is pushed like a lawnmower, constituted a $100 million industry last year, up from $36 million in 1982. In 1987, Americans bought 1.2 million leaf machines, compared with 540,000 in 1982, said David Hahn, a product manager at the Baltimore-based Black & Decker. As leaves swirl throughout the Northeast, so does a fierce debate on the virtues of the new technology. ''I've used leaf-blowers for several years, and they are terrific,'' said Timothy Barnes, whose yard in Hastings-on-Hudson is almost three acres. ''For volume leaf removal, you've got to be a spirited fundamentalist to get rid of your leaves with a rake. That would be like cutting your grass with a scythe.'' The Joys of Raking Are Lost Most professional landscapers agree. ''Blowers are far more efficient because you're harnessing gasoline, not muscles,'' said John F. Cockerill, treasurer of the New York Turf and Landscape Association in Scarsdale, N.Y. ''It's a lot less tiring.'' Purists, however, argue that converts to the newfangled machines have lost sight of the season's meaning. ''The wonderful sounds of fall - the birds and the rustling of leaves - are disrupted by what sounds like a screeching powerboat,'' said Nancy B. Flinn, a spokeswoman for the National Gardening Association in Burlington, Vt. ''It's a breach of peace and nature.'' Many are determined to remain true to the old ways. ''We're very old-fashioned,'' said 73-year-old Lisbe Elwyn of Ossining, N.Y., who, like Robert Frost, prefers to labor outdoors, along with her 68-year-old husband, David. ''Today, everyone uses so many machines, and I think we could all use the exercise. Raking in the yard is psychologically wonderful. It's creative and productive.'' Some, especially those more accustomed to traffic than trees, seem to yearn for the days before leaf-burning was outlawed as | Autumn Traditions Fall With the Leaves |
191133_2 | sensor, which cost about $5 million, is more sensitive and stable than the old one. ''Generally, the data will reproduce what's happening in the atmosphere with greater accuracy and fidelity,'' Dr. Planet said. Thomas N. Pyke Jr., an assistant administrator for the Federal agency who heads its satellite operations, said NOAA-11's launching was delayed four months so the improved sensor could be put on board. ''It's very important,'' he said. ''It's helping us advance our mission of monitoring and predicting changes in the earth's environment.'' NOAA-11 was launched from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California into a polar orbit some 540 miles above the Earth's surface. The satellite's lifetime is two to five years. Since the ozone sensor measures reflected sunlight, it works only half the time, when the satellite is above the sunlit half of the earth. Every 24 hours, however, the sensor maps the entire globe since the Earth rotates on its axis beneath both the sun and the satellite. Jim Miller, a meteorologist with the Climate Analysis Center of the National Weather Service, said the satellite is able to measure the worldwide extremes in ozone concentration, which can run from a low of about 240 Dobson units at the Equator up to 450 Dobson units at the Earth's poles, where drastic declines have occurred on a seasonal basis. The Dobson unit is a measure of how ozone absorbs several different wavelengths of sunlight. Recent Ozone Measurements This month the amount of ozone in the air above Antarctica was found to average 200 Dobson units, up slightly from 135 last October and 165 the October before. These intensive measurements of the Antarctic ozone were made mainly by high-altitude aircraft and balloons, but cost limits their frequency. Dr. Miller said the sensor on NOAA-11 should be sensitive enough to measure ozone changes of one to two Dobson units. Krishna Rao, research director of the agency's satellite service, said the ozone instruments on NOAA-9 and NOAA-11 are the only ones that can provide routine daily coverage of the earth. He added that the sensors report not only the total ozone, but also its varying concentrations at different heights in the atmosphere. This kind of vertical reading, he said, was possible because ozone at different levels in the atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet light at distinct wavelengths. As many as five ozone bands can be distinguished within the stratosphere, the scientists said. | Satellite to Improve Monitoring of Ozone Loss |
185143_1 | such as fibroid tumors, prolapse and endometriosis. In 1983, 13,000 hysterectomies were carried out for premenstrual syndrome, which can often be controlled by medications, diet and exercise. Why is hysterectomy occurring on such a broad scale? It seems we have come to believe that women's organs are unimportant after childbearing. Hysterectomy is portrayed as routine and without consequence. Yet, recent studies show that the female reproductive organs do more than simply provide for conception and gestation. They produce hormones, chemicals and co-factors that work on other body organs, and also interact with brain chemistry and other hormones. During hysterectomy, both ovaries are removed (bilateral oophorectomy) in 36 percent of the cases. The sudden loss of estrogen, especially in premenopausal women, can cause hormonal imbalance, menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, insomnia, depression, vaginal atrophy, agitation) and loss of libido. In later years, the hormonal loss may lead to osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and arthritis. However, even if the ovaries are saved during hysterectomy, they may be endangered. A 1986 study of women whose ovaries were left intact during hysterectomy, published in the Journal of Reproductive Medicine, shows that a significant number experienced a drop in hormone production within one to two years. The uterus itself has many functions beyond gestation. Little attention has been given to the uterine lining (endometrium) as a source of hormones, yet researchers have discovered that this lining secretes its own protein-like agents, which may play a role yet to be explored in female endocrinology and immunology. Finally, for some women the uterus contracts during orgasm. These women may experience sexual loss following hysterectomy. And as with any other major intra-abdominal surgery, serious complications can result from the surgery itself. Women need this information before undergoing hysterectomy. In California, this is now mandated by law. On Sept. 29, 1987, Gov. George Deukmejian signed the informed consent for hysterectomy bill sponsored by State Senator Diane E. Watson, chairman of the Committee on Health and Human Services. It took effect last January, the country's first legislation requiring verbal and written consent before hysterectomy. The surgeon must give an explanation of possible risks or complications, approximate length of hospital stay, recovery time, costs and alternatives to hysterectomy. This is for everyone's benefit. The surgeon protects not only his patient but also himself. An informed patient is able to be more responsible in decision making and can participate more fully in her own | Women Need to Know Risks of Hysterectomy |
184998_0 | LEAD: A consensus has developed among many countries that ways should be sought to reduce, and not simply restructure, the third world's staggering $1.2 trillion debt. A consensus has developed among many countries that ways should be sought to reduce, and not simply restructure, the third world's staggering $1.2 trillion debt. This consensus, embracing a strategy known as debt reduction, became clear last week at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in West Berlin, and it marks an important turn in the six-year-old crisis. Debtor nations complain that their debt has soared 50 percent since 1982 and that the annual total interest of $120 billion is driving them to penury. The debt-reduction approach aims at helping poor nations pare the amount they owe through a variety of means, including the partial forgiveness of some unpaid loans. Until now, most of the periodic eruptions in the debt crisis have been resolved by rescheduling debts. That usually involves stretching out the payments so that less is paid each year, but it adds missed interest payments to the amount owed, increasing the total debt. By contrast, one prominent method of debt reduction allows a commercial bank to trade part of the money owed it for an ownership interest in a business in a debtor country - for example, a resort hotel in Mexico. ''A year ago, debt reduction was considered pornographic,'' a monetary official from Asia said. ''The attitude has definitely changed.'' I.M.F. and World Bank officials said that $7 billion in debt reduction measures had been adopted during the last year, and that they expected far more in future years. Japan, France and Kuwait made far-reaching proposals last week that would reduce the burden of debtor nations. The Group of Seven industrial democracies recently approved a plan that offered the possibility of partial debt forgiveness to 18 destitute African nations, and Citibank and Brazil signed an agreement that could cut Brazil's debts by $18 billion over the next five years. Debt reduction cuts the interest payments that debtor nations make each year, allowing them to spend more money on investment and consumption and spurring economic growth. Many third world officials say debt reduction also has psychological benefits, letting citizens see they are making progress instead of remaining on a treadmill, with debts often rising each year despite sizable repayments. Several Proposals Offered Calls for debt reduction | New Goal: 3d World Debt Reduction |
184917_0 | LEAD: The American industrialist Armand Hammer said this weekend that he remained optimistic about a giant coal project in Shanxi Province in northern China, despite technical problems that have slashed output and set off a dispute with the Chinese Government. The American industrialist Armand Hammer said this weekend that he remained optimistic about a giant coal project in Shanxi Province in northern China, despite technical problems that have slashed output and set off a dispute with the Chinese Government. Dr. Hammer, 89 years old, said the Occidental Petroleum Corporation, of which he is chairman, was debating with its Chinese partners in the coal venture about who should pay to remedy a design flaw at the $650 million Antaibao mine, which opened last year. The mine's coal has a high moisture content, necessitating $9 million worth of drying equipment, Dr. Hammer said. He said that Chinese engineers had not told designers from the McNally Corporation about the problem before the mine's construction. | Hammer View On China Deal |
187470_0 | LEAD: Faced with growing warnings from scientists and the threat of losing international funds, President Jose Sarney today announced a series of steps aimed at slowing the rapid destruction of the Amazon rain forest. Faced with growing warnings from scientists and the threat of losing international funds, President Jose Sarney today announced a series of steps aimed at slowing the rapid destruction of the Amazon rain forest. If carried out, the measures will be a drastic reversal of a policy launched almost two decades ago that set in motion a feverish and indiscriminate drive to conquer the jungles of Brazil's interior. ''Fires, deforestation, huge agricultural projects, gold mines and predatory development are destroying our flora and fauna,'' the President said. ''We must contain the predatory actions of man.'' Tax Breaks to End The step likely to be the most far-reaching is the President's decision to suspend tax breaks, subsidized loans and other official incentives for development projects that may harm the environment. Mr. Sarney said cattle raising would be strictly limited in the Amazon region and forbidden in the dwindling Atlantic forest. Remote cattle ranches and farms, which are widely held to be uneconomic without official subsidies, have been the single largest cause of destruction of tens of thousands of acres of virgin rain forest. Other Government-sponsored development projects, including roads, dams and mines, have made great dents in the jungle and lured hundreds of thousands of settlers to the region. Environmental groups, which have been very critical of the Government in the past, today welcomed above all the steps to protect the Atlantic forest. This rain forest, believed to cover 140,000 square miles in a rich swath across the coast of Brazil in colonial times, now covers only 4,000 square miles, and the few remaining wooded areas are isolated and threatened by further destruction. The President said today that he had ordered studies to determine which areas in the Amazon Basin and elsewhere would be used for agriculture or cattle and which must be preserved. The President made his announcement in an emotional televised address in the presence of half a dozen members of his Cabinet. A Threat to Loans The ''red light'' that awakened him, Mr. Sarney said, was a disclosure by Brazilian scientists that they had found more than 6,000 man-made fires in the Amazon in a single day. The new measures appear to address many of | Brazil Acts to Slow Destruction of Amazon Forest |
187425_2 | to adopt the new convention, which among other things gives drug consuming, transit and producing countries guidelines for dealing with their drug problems. Help for Caribbean Urged Particularly in the last two years, Caribbean countries have begun to feel the effects of drug traffic, mainly cocaine and cocaine base drugs, Mr. Ramos-Galino said. He said other nations should help transit countries fight this problem, ''which was not originated by local demand.'' These island nations have particularly complicated law enforcement problems because of their extensive coastlines, innumerable islands, free ports and insufficiently strict banking controls, according to the International Narcotics Control Board. In its 1987 report, the board noted specifically that Jamaica and the Bahamas are now confronted with the serious threat of drug abuse in their own societies. Some officials noted that the growing drug traffic also posed a potential threat to earnings from tourism. Dame R. Nita Barrow, the Barbados delegate, said Tuesday that there was ''a leakage'' of narcotics into the population of several Caribbean nations that were transit points. She expressed ''great concern'' about drug use by youths in these countries. Clement T. Maynard, the Bahamian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Tourism, voiced support for the new international convention. He denounced what he called the growing interventionism in the war on drugs, saying ''overzealous and unilateral measures are taken which threaten the stability of cooperative governments themselves.'' U.S. Criticism Strains Relations This was clearly an allusion to recent United States legislation requiring that countries must have their anti-narcotics efforts certified by the Administration to be eligible for American aid. A number of Caribbean countries consider this outright intervention. Relations between the Bahamas and the United States have been strained over American criticism of Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling's handling of drug traffickers. There have been charges that he accepted bribes from smugglers but he has not been indicted. Some Caribbean-area residents are also said to be concerned over rumors of impending indictments in Florida of high officials from Caribbean nations after the indictment there on drug trafficking charges of a Haitian military commander, Col. Jean-Claude Paul. Expressing his country's ''deep concern'' over trafficking in narcotics, Lionel A. Hurst, the United Nations representative of Antigua and Barbuda, called for a greater effort from consumer markets to combat the drug problem but emphasized that concerted action was needed by producing, transit and major consuming countries. | Caribbean Nations Say Drugs Imperil Stability |
189225_1 | that cluster here. This means that the Rio Red, a sweet and ruddier variety, will be available for the first time in markets in many parts of the United States. THE first major harvest of a redder breed of grapefruit began last week in the Rio Grande Valley orchards that cluster here. This means that the Rio Red, a sweet and ruddier variety, will be available for the first time in markets in many parts of the United States. More than 25 years in the making, the Rio Red may also help revitalize the Texas citrus industry, which was devastated by a freeze almost five years ago. The Rio Red is a mutated variant of the Ruby Red, the mainstay of Texas' grapefruit crop. Though early-harvest Rubies are scarlet, they fade into pink during the growing season, said Dr. Richard Hensz, who developed the Rio Red and who is the director of the Texas A.&I. University Citrus Center in nearby Weslaco, Tex. There has always been a need for a redder grapefruit, since that is what customers want, he said. Grapefruit trees do not cross-pollinate, so new varieties appear only when there is a genetic mutation. In 1963 Dr. Hensz had thousands of Ruby Red buds irradiated, to force mutation, at the Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island. After years of grafting these buds onto existing rootstock, in 1976 he finally developed the Rio, a fruit he said was ''five times redder than the Ruby.'' The Rio Red stock was gradually expanded. Then a severe freeze in December 1983 killed about two-thirds of the valley's grapefruit trees, but spared the young Rio Red plants. The next year, the Citrus Center began giving away Rio Red bud stock to farmers. About 80 percent of the 5,000 grapefruit trees planted since the freeze have been Rios. Last year those trees produced their first commercial crop, a 150-ton harvest. Most of this fruit was bought by the Kroger supermarket chain for test marketing in its Cincinnati and Dallas stores. ''Customers responded very well'' to the Rio, said Kroger's director of public affairs, Peter Larkin. Though the Rios were 10 to 20 percent more expensive than other grapefruit because of the limited supply, they sold out within a few weeks. This year, a tenfold larger crop is expected, which will be marketed by Texas growers under the name Rio Star. AT THE NATION'S TABLE | McAllen, Tex. |
189322_0 | LEAD: Shrimp and lobster fleets from this Caribbean port have been helping Nicaragua evade the economic embargo imposed by the United States. Shrimp and lobster fleets from this Caribbean port have been helping Nicaragua evade the economic embargo imposed by the United States. The fishermen here have paid the Nicaraguan Government for permission to catch millions of pounds of lobster and shrimp in Nicaraguan waters, then exported their catch to the United States as Honduran seafood. ''A lobster is red whether it comes from Nicaragua or Honduras,'' one fisherman said. One lawyer who represented boat owners said he paid the Sandinistas at least $7 million last year, about 3 percent of Nicaragua's official foreign currency earnings. ''The blockade is unfair, so we have every right to break it,'' a Nicaraguan diplomat said. The practice is one of the many ways Nicaragua has found to puncture the Reagan Administration's economic embargo, which was imposed in May 1985. The embargo bars any type of financial transaction with Nicaragua, except for providing humanitarian aid, like shipments of medicine. 'A Sore That Won't Heal' The embargo has made it difficult for Nicaragua to import many essential products and has discouraged foreign investment. It has also raised the cost of exports and deprived the Sandinistas of access to their largest and richest market. ''It's taken a thousand bites out of us,'' said a Sandinista diplomat who helped organize the Honduran fishing arrangement. ''It's like a sore that won't heal and just keeps bleeding a drop a time.'' Many European and Latin American countries have continued to trade with the Sandinistas. Even Honduras, the United States' closest ally in the region and the only Latin American country besides El Salvador to endorse the embargo, has continued to provide electricity to Nicaragua. ''Honduran planes fly to Managua every day,'' a fishing-fleet owner said. ''The Government sells electricity and beans to Nicaragua. I don't care if the United States Government wants to hit Nicaragua. But don't hit me, don't crush me, a poor little fisherman.'' Fisherman from French Harbour have worked the rich Nicaraguan waters for decades. Under the Somoza regime that preceded Sandinista rule, they were allowed to fish in Nicaragua provided that they sold their catch to Nicaraguan packing houses. It was a way for the Somozas, who owned the packing plants, to augment their wealth without investing millions of dollars in boats and equipment. Pact | U.S. Gets Taste of Managua Embargo |
189891_0 | LEAD: France announced today that it would hold an international conference intended to stiffen and extend a 1925 convention banning the use of chemical and biological weapons. France announced today that it would hold an international conference intended to stiffen and extend a 1925 convention banning the use of chemical and biological weapons. The conference, which is scheduled for Jan. 7-11 in Paris, was first suggested by President Reagan in an address to the General Assembly last month. The appeal followed widespread accusations that Iraq had violated the 1925 Geneva Convention by using poison gas against Kurdish rebels in its own territory and against Iran in the Persian Gulf war. President Francois Mitterrand endorsed the call for a conference when he addressed the General Assembly a few days later and called for far-reaching trade sanctions against countries using such weapons. Pierre Morel, France's representative at the 40-nation Disarmament Conference in Geneva, told the General Assembly's disarmament committee today that France hoped that representatives of the countries that have ratified the 1925 ban will attend the Paris conference, as well as countries that have not done so. The object of the meeting will be to reaffirm support for the ban and to give ''a new political impulse'' to negotiations on banning outright the production and possession of all such chemical weapons that are currently under way at Conference in Geneva. ''We are at a crossroads,'' Mr. Morel said at a news conference here today. ''Either we do nothing in the face of a risk that chemical weapons will spread, which would ruin any chance of banning them. Or we reaffirm the authority of the 1925 convention and give a valuable political push to the negotiations aimed at banning them altogether.'' Mr. Morel said the Paris conference should be held at the level of foreign ministers. He pointed out that about 50 countries have not signed the 1925 Geneva convention, which forbids the use but not the possession of chemical and biological weapons. Mr. Morel noted a French initiative that led to the empowerment 5 year ago of the United Nations Secretary General to investigate any breaches of the 1925 convention. And he said France now believed the Secretary General's mandate to conduct such impartial investigations should be strengthened and made ''more methodical.'' Western countries, the Soviet Union and its allies have said they support the convening of a Paris conference to | France Plans Meeting on Chemical Weapons |
189790_0 | LEAD: Dr. Beatrice Braude, a retired professor of French and former radio producer, died Sunday of brain cancer at the Hebrew Home of Greater Washington in Rockville, Md. She was 75 years old and lived in Washington. Dr. Beatrice Braude, a retired professor of French and former radio producer, died Sunday of brain cancer at the Hebrew Home of Greater Washington in Rockville, Md. She was 75 years old and lived in Washington. Dr. Braude, a professor at the University of Massachusetts in the 1970's, previously worked for the State Department in Washington and Paris. She was dismissed in 1953 and she discovered years later, through the Privacy Act, that she had been blacklisted as a security risk because her name had been found in the address book of a convicted spy. Dr. Braude sought to sue the Government, but the statute of limitations had expired. At the time of her death she was seeking the passage of a special act of Congress to waive the statute in her case. She was born in Manhattan and was a graduate of Hunter College. She earned a doctorate at the City University of New York. Surviving is her brother, Theodore, of Manhattan. | Beatrice Braude, 75; Challenged Blacklist |
191614_3 | the task, and she replied, ''My heart is not totally closed to it.'' Within two days, she said, word was out that she had accepted, and ''I was stuck.'' No Question of Sacrifice Within Eastern Orthodoxy, transfer from one national church to another is a mere formality. The nun rejects any thought that she is making a sacrifice of her life and talents. ''This is monastic obedience,'' she said. Alluding to Serbia's centuries under Ottoman rule, which have left strong traces, she explained: ''From an enlightened English background, I have moved into Turkish society. A woman takes two steps back in every circumstance. And still I am here and enjoying it.'' When she translated her remark on male domination, Father Julijan said teasingly, ''I don't think you have properly understood the situation.'' Yet Mother Maria is far from a feminist. ''Women are in the world to serve men,'' she said. ''We are not inferior, in any way. But we have different functions in the world. Men are the heads, women the heart. I think this is the natural balance of the sexes, which has been lost in the Western world.'' 'Modernism' Is Rejected It was such thinking and a revulsion against ''modernism'' - a word she and the monk pronounce with a sneer in two languages - that led Mother Maria, who had been an Anglican nun and convent-school teacher for 13 years, to convert in 1973. ''I go to the Greek roots, being a philologist,'' she said. '' 'Orthodoxy' is 'right glorifying,' or 'right belief.' ''The Western church has stripped off so much that is part of the heritage of the faith, far too much. The dogma has been pared. The Orthodox church holds the deposit of the faith, while modernism blew through the Western church.'' Mother Maria, who had studied Slavic languages, was first sent to Yugoslavia by her Anglican superiors in an ecumenical gesture. ''Within two years I knew I could not remain outside Orthodoxy,'' she said. The people of Gradac know nothing of the spiritual passage Mother Maria traversed to come to their hillside to stay, but they accept her with evident love. ''We are so grateful she gave up her own faith to come here,'' said Milica Radivojevic, an elderly farm woman and keeper of the keys to the monastery until the living quarters are completed and the new abbess and her nuns move in. | Gradac Journal; Englishwoman Seeks and Finds Serenity in Serbia |
191678_1 | you, Frank.'' Mr. Lautenberg bristles at the memory. ''He said that to me in front of my children,'' he hissed. ''In front of my children!'' Another exchange occurred just after the televised debate on Oct. 19. Though both men had managed to remain polite, if tense, through the hourlong event, as soon as the program ended they fell into what Mr. Lautenberg later called ''a verbal brawl.'' The subject of this confrontation was an appeal by Mr. Dawkins, in the final moments of the debate, for both candidates to pledge to refrain from further personal assaults. In a gesture planned in advance with his strategists, Mr. Dawkins removed his microphone, strode across the stage and held out his hand to his opponent. Mr. Lautenberg extended his fingers as if to grasp a used handkerchief and committed himself to nothing. ''Frank, are you taking my offer, yes or no, yes or no?'' Mr. Dawkins loudly demanded a few minutes later, just after the program had ended. ''You want to wipe the slate clean? After calling me a 'swamp dog?' '' Mr. Lautenberg asked, referring to a statement by Mr. Dawkins that appeared in the current issue of Army Times, a newspaper published for military and civilian employees of the Department of the Army. The article went on to quote the former brigadier general as promising to drag Mr. Lautenberg ''out of the swamp,'' tie him down ''leg by leg'' and ''stomp on him.'' 'I'm Deadly Serious' The morning after the debate, Mr. Dawkins distributed to reporters a ''1988 campaign pledge'' lamenting the ''low tone, mudslinging and negative personal attacks'' that have ''denied voters the ability to make an informed decision based on issues.'' It called for the candidates to agree to ''not question the motives, sincerity or personal lives of their opponent.'' Mr. Dawkins had signed at the bottom and above Mr. Lautenberg's name was space for a second signature. ''I'm deadly serious about this,'' Mr. Dawkins said. ''I'm fed up with the nasty, negative, back-biting, mud-slinging attacks.'' In response, the Senator said he regarded the pledge as just another tactic, intended to deflect from Mr. Dawkins any voter resentment arising out of the nastiness of the campaign. Draft of Note ''If he was sincere,'' Mr. Lautenberg said, ''he could have called me before the debate or after to say, 'Look, Frank, enough is enough, let's get on with it.' But | For Senate Rivals in Jersey, It's Personal |
191547_2 | bottom, in small towns and big cities alike, who are, in effect, saying to developers: ''Back off. The joy ride is over. We want to protect what's left, to take back the frontier.'' On Election Day, millions of Californians will have the chance to vote once again on what are commonly called slow-growth measures. In the last three years, more than 50 such measures have passed, from one limiting new office space in San Francisco to ones limiting development in various parts of Orange County. Under the slow-growth bravado that is sweeping the state, there is something else: a real sense of loss, a sense that we squandered paradise, didn't protect it and ourselves. We have spoiled the California life style many came here to find, and we have become all that we abhor: urban, gridlocked, grimy and, O.K., Eastern. That's not what was supposed to happen. This was the West of the West, the freest, the most unfettered, the loveliest land on earth. Even Los Angeles was lovely at one point, even in my lifetime, a basin full of open spaces and orange trees with breathtaking views of sea and mountain. And even Los Angeles has its slow-growth neighborhood activists now, a loose coalition of a million people who call themselves Not Yet New York. San Diego, the state's booming metropolis, with a population of one million-plus and hundreds of daily newcomers, is also trying to stem the tide. It has more growth-limiting measures on its Nov. 8 ballot than anyplace else - two affecting the city, two affecting the county and one affecting a small town in the county. But my friends down there, good old 60's antiwar liberals, are split on how to vote. Hard-core environmentalists, they're also sensitive to the charge that slow growth will punish the poor by driving housing prices up and the number of jobs down. They don't want to join the ranks of the so-called Nimbys (''Not in my backyard''). Their dilemma points up the fact that slow growth is not a partisan issue. In fact, dedicated Democrats can end up against the slow-growth measures, while some gung-ho conservative capitalists can end up for them. What's very clear though is that slow growth is in. So what do we do? Where do we put everybody who wants a piece of the dream we've played fast and loose with? People are still pouring | Reining In Unfettered Development |
185297_2 | computer enhancement system that can double the quality of its pictures. The Network uses pictures bought from commercial satellites, American Landsats, the French SPOT, and has even found it can make significant use of fuzzy weather satellite photographs because the archives go back some 15 years and offer a basis for comparison. The launch soon of a new European radar satellite is eagerly awaited. The combination of optical, thermal and radar observations will give interpreters another leap forward. Of course, the pictures aren't nearly as good or as comprehensive, so far, as the ones secret military satellites provide. But they are good enough to reveal a lot that had been hidden. With time and the accumulation of a data base, they can disclose the massing of armies for a surprise invasion, threatening naval activity, new missile deployments. The more countries or companies that put up commercial satellites, the greater the Network's scope can be. Already it is working on chemical warfare facilities. Evidence so far indicates that Libya is building a complex and that Syria may be doing the same. There are also big, long-term environmental projects that can override official attempts to conceal or minimize the damage being done. Christer Larsson, the executive producer, and his colleagues Sverker Nyman and Hans-Henrik Ronnow, are modest about their current capacities. They point out that they can learn a lot more about what is going on at sea, in deserts or snow-bound regions than in populated areas, where concealment is easier. They are rigorous about building up incontrovertible evidence, sometimes waiting a year before releasing a conclusion. They have found leading scientific experts around the world eager to help interpret and verify their information in return for access to the pictures, mostly collected at a receiving station in the Swedish town of Kiruna, above the Arctic Circle. Despite their diffident Swedish style, the young men are obviously enthusiastic about the tremendous contribution they can make to keeping the world public aware of threats to peace and the environment. It is an exciting initiative, with all kinds of prospects. Even adversary governments know much of each other's secrets, but still insist on keeping the public innocent of their knowledge. That is going to be harder and harder. Technology is allowing ordinary people to break down the information monopolies that can decide their fate. This time, little brother is winning a round. FOREIGN AFFAIRS | Little Brother Watches |
190918_3 | toxins and harmful bacteria. Los Angeles mixes its sludge with sawdust and sells it as compost. Milwaukee markets its sludge under the trade name Milorganite; it is used as a nutrient for grass and playing fields. According to Environmental Protection Agency figures, 25 percent of the nation's 7.6 million dry tons of sludge produced annually is now recycled. Only New York and New Jersey still dump their sludge in the ocean. A law passed by Congress last week and awaiting the signature of President Reagan would gradually end the practice. Mandatory recycling laws, pioneered in Oregon, New Jersey and Rhode Island, are on the rise. In signing a law last summer that made Pennsylvania the largest state with a mandatory recycling program, Gov. Robert P. Casey said, ''All over the nation it's as plain as the eye can see or the nose can smell that we have to change our ways.'' Some Success in New York New York City, which produces more garbage than any other municipality in the country, has taken more cautiously to recycling. Laura Denman, director of the city's recycling program, said that after several years of experimental projects, nearly 10 percent of the city's households are taking part in a curbside recycling effort. Despite New York's relatively low numbers, Ms. Denman said the program has been a success because ''a lot of people said we could never do any kind of home recycling in New York.'' Federal officials say recycling has caught on because the other two garbage disposal options, landfills and incinerators, are losing favor. Eighty percent of the country's garbage is deposited in landfills, but nearly a third of those dump sites will reach capacity in the next five years, the Environmental Protection Agency says. Incinerators have been implicated as causes of air pollution and acid rain, and officials are having trouble finding communities that will accept new ones. In the last two years, 31 incinerator projects that would have cost a total of $3 billion have been shelved. Americans continue to generate more garbage than ever. Municipal solid waste has increased 80 percent since 1960, and the E.P.A. expects it to increase another 20 percent in the next 10 years. Some experts say that all this garbage has produced an incentive for recycling: guilt. Richard Gertman, San Jose's recycling mananger, said: ''It would be cheaper for us to throw it all out as | Curbside Pickup and Sludge Forests: Some Cities Make Recycling Work |
190965_0 | LEAD: They began with a passion for a mountain, a band of volunteers determined to stop Consolidated Edison from building a power plant on the slopes of Storm King Mountain overlooking the Hudson River Gorge. They began with a passion for a mountain, a band of volunteers determined to stop Consolidated Edison from building a power plant on the slopes of Storm King Mountain overlooking the Hudson River Gorge. The landmark court decision they won against the Federal Power Commission in 1965 established the right of citizens to sue to defend their environmental interests, experts say, and helped inaugurate the field of environmental law. Today, the leaders of Scenic Hudson, the environmental organization those volunteers created, took a day off to celebrate a quarter-century's work preserving and defending the Hudson River Valley before returning to a conflict they say is intensifying. In ceremonies that began at Grand Central Terminal with an early morning concert by the Signal Brass Ensemble, several hundred friends of Scenic Hudson boarded the seven-car ''Jubilee Limited'' for a day visiting a valley whose beauty and historic legacy are remarkably intact. Hudson Valley Is Threatened But the train passed by a river under pressure from more than 50 commercial and residential developments now planned or being built, and Scenic Hudson's executive director, Klara B. Sauer, said the Hudson Valley was threatened ''in a newly urgent way.'' Scenic Hudson, which has its headquarters in Poughkeepsie, is keeping an eye on all the projects, she said, and it is ready to go to court to stop those ''clearly destructive of the valley's natural resources,'' including those on land adjoining wetlands. ''We are not opposed to all development,'' Mrs. Sauer said, ''but we want to help communities weigh and decide carefully where and how development is to occur. ''There are too many developers who want to cut off public access to the river and make it their private preserve,'' she said. ''There are too many local officials being confronted by huge projects they have little time or technical resources to handle.'' Zoning Boards Involved Scenic Hudson's tentative plans include doubling its nearly $1 million annual budget over the next five years, opening new regional offices, and creating a program that would help Hudson Valley towns under development pressures. ''Much of what we want to accomplish will be done at the local zoning board level,'' Alexander E. Zagoreos, chairman of the | Conservationists Laud Efforts For the Hudson |
188624_3 | undertaking with great pride, noting in the 1951 annual report, for example, that ''it is now probably the largest industrial project ever attempted.'' ''The work has proceeded satisfactorily, although the size and urgency of the project, and the fact that it is in a new and highly specific technical field, makes it extremely difficult,'' the report said. ''In many respects it is without precedent. It has resulted in the transfer of several hundred of the company's most valuable employees from their regular work.'' The five reactors, the plant for making heavy water used to cool the reactors, and the chemical processing facilities required a work force of 40,000, using 126,000 railroad cars of construction material, enough, the company noted, for a train about 940 miles long. 'Make It Work' ''You mobilize all the guys; you go down and wipe out a couple of towns in South Carolina,'' said Mr. Shapiro, referring to two settlements moved to make space for the 300-square-mile Government reservation, sprawling over three counties along the Savannah River that divides South Carolina from Georgia. ''You go down to visit and you're overwhelmed by the scale of it, but you create it and make it work.'' The reactors began operating in three years. In contrast, Energy Department officials today expect a replacement to take 7 to 10 years to build and start up. And the company noted at the time, using a yardstick frequently applied to its chemical plants, that the construction force completed 10 million man-hours of work without a lost-time injury. No Mention of Plant But by the late 1960's, the turbulent period of the Vietnam War, the heading ''Atomic Energy Work for U.S.'' was gone from the annual reports, and there was no mention of the Savannah River Plant. By then other companies with more experience manufacturing nuclear weapons had entered the business, Mr. Shapiro recalled in an interview, and he questioned the wisdom of renewing the contract with the Government. But Mr. Greenwalt, his predecessor, was still on Du Pont's board, and still felt the same way about the plant. ''I had other fish to fry,'' added Mr. Shapiro, who said he decided not to pursue the issue. A year ago, on Oct. 29, 1987, Du Pont announced that it would not seek a renewal of the Department of Energy contract to operate the Savannah River Plant, because Du Pont was no longer ''uniquely | End of Partnership Forged in Birth of Atomic Age |
188425_0 | LEAD: The thinking woman's and man's reaction to the cautions raised in Jane O'Reilly's essay ''Talking About Women, Not to Them'' (Hers, Sept. 11), should be a loud Brava! I refer, in particular, to her observation that our politicians are presenting their version of the ''ideal'' woman, ever so subtly ensconced in the confines of the ''ideal'' family. The thinking woman's and man's reaction to the cautions raised in Jane O'Reilly's essay ''Talking About Women, Not to Them'' (Hers, Sept. 11), should be a loud Brava! I refer, in particular, to her observation that our politicians are presenting their version of the ''ideal'' woman, ever so subtly ensconced in the confines of the ''ideal'' family. No one denies the importance of family values, or the contributions of the wife/ mother - and husband/father - to these. However, not all family life is ''sweet,'' nor will it become so simply by recasting the role of women backward, while offering lip service to a theoretical march forward. DOROTHY STRAUSS Brooklyn | WOMEN AND THE IDEAL FAMILY |
188587_4 | reduced to an acceptable level.'' Government officials have complained in recent days about the attitude and training of the Du Pont employees who operate the reactors. The sharp disagreement between Du Pont and the Energy Department comes after more than two weeks of disclosures about unsafe conditions, accidents, radioactive contamination and deficient management at Savannah River and at the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado, which is also shut down, and the release of radioactive uranium into the environment at its Feed Materials Production Center, in Fernald, Ohio. Energy Department officials were heartened earlier this year when Westinghouse decided to bid on the management contract at Savannah River. In the last few years Westinghouse has also taken over management at the department's Hanford Reservation in Washington State and at Fernald. Special Team Is Appointed On Tuesday, Energy Secretary John S. Herrington said he had appointed a special team to correct safety failures at the Savannah River Plant and that he intended to begin procedures in December to start one of the plant's reactors and to have all three reactors operating by late summer. The Energy Department's plan for restarting the reactors that make tritium, a radioactive gas that increases the explosive power of nuclear weapons, involves changes in staffing, training and hardware. Officials say they hope Du Pont and the Energy Department can complete that work at one reactor by the end of the year, and return all three reactors to operation before some nuclear weapons have to be cannibalized for their tritium to keep other weapons operable. Tritium decays at the rate of 5.5 percent a year. The dispute between the department and Du Pont, which is the ninth-largest industrial corporation in the United States and has a reputation in the chemical industry as especially safety-conscious, is happening now, the department makes clear, because of new demands by the Government. ''We as a Federal agency were not effectively managing our contractors,'' Joseph Salgado, Deputy Secretary of Energy, said in a news conference in Washington Tuesday. Restart Is at Issue At issue between Du Pont and the Energy Department is the attempt last August to restart one of three reactors still operable at the Savannah River Plant. As operators withdrew the rods that limit the flow of neutrons, the subatomic particles that sustain the chain reaction, they found that the reactor core was less prone to sustain a chain reaction than | DU PONT DISPUTES CHARGES ON SAFETY AT NUCLEAR PLANT |
188480_1 | freighter on a foggy night, killing 35 people. The State of Florida and the Federal Government considered repairing the bridge, which was only nine years old at the time (the companion span was 26 years old), but decided to replace both spans with a larger and safer bridge instead. For roughly $220 million they got not only a bridge that is both large and safe - they also got a structure that from an esthetic standpoint may well rank as the most impressive piece of large-scale bridge design in this country in half a century. Not since the George Washington, Bronx-Whitestone and Golden Gate bridges, the high points of suspension bridge design in the 1930's, has a major bridge been as compelling a visual presence as this one. Instead of towers, this bridge has slender, concrete pylons set in the center of the roadway. And instead of complex webs of cables it has a single row of steel cables, splaying out from the central pylons and connecting directly to the roadway. From afar, the rows of cables, which are painted a bright yellow, look like vast sails, and the pylons like masts. There is a precision to the structure that calls to mind computer graphics; this is a bridge whirred off a computer, not a bridge made of mechanical parts. The span is, technologically, a relatively new kind of structure, called a cable-stayed bridge. In a conventional, suspension bridge like the Brooklyn Bridge or the George Washington, parallel sets of great cables are suspended in a sweeping curve from two high towers, and smaller, secondary cables are hung vertically from the large cables. It is the smaller cables that support the roadway, which is quite literally hung from them. In a cable-stayed bridge, however, cables supporting the roadway are attached directly to the towers, from which they splay out in rows, like the strings of a harp. There are none of the huge, swooping cables that are as characteristic of a suspension bridge as the towers. Because of its construction, a cable-stayed bridge is more rigid; it does not sway as much in the wind as a traditional, suspension bridge. The cable-stayed system was first conceived in Europe in the 1950's, but not used actively until the late 1960's. And not until the 1,050-foot-long span of the Brotonne Bridge in Normandy, France, completed in 1977, was it used for a | A Breathtaking Bridge Soars High Over Tampa Bay |
188356_0 | LEAD: CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTIONS: Stirring Up Trouble About Language, Technology, and Education. By Neil Postman. (Knopf, $17.95.) Neil Postman is that rare social critic whose commentary on the current state of American culture and education is as funny as it is thoughtful and well argued. In these 18 incisive essays (some of them previously published), as in his earlier book ''Teaching as a Subversive Activity,'' Mr. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTIONS: Stirring Up Trouble About Language, Technology, and Education. By Neil Postman. (Knopf, $17.95.) Neil Postman is that rare social critic whose commentary on the current state of American culture and education is as funny as it is thoughtful and well argued. In these 18 incisive essays (some of them previously published), as in his earlier book ''Teaching as a Subversive Activity,'' Mr. Postman is concerned with the decline of the written word, the failure of our educators to teach critical thinking and the threat that the proliferation of visual media - in particular television - poses to our cognitive habits, political discourse and even to our concepts of childhood. None of these ideas are particularly groundbreaking. Yet to Mr. Postman's credit, he is able to bring new urgency and insight into what would otherwise be familiar turf. Much of this is due to the entertaining and inventive forms his arguments take. To illustrate his observations about the persuasive power of television commercials, he compares an advertisement warning against ''ring around the collar'' to a religious parable. Both, he wryly suggests, put forward a vision of sin, redemption and heaven. Even when discussing those issues about which he feels most deeply, Mr. Postman maintains his genial style and sense of humor. In the mock graduation speech that closes ''Conscientious Objections,'' he divides the people of our time into two camps: those who seek only wealth and power and those who aspire to reason, literacy, civic responsibility and creativity - all qualities he himself achieves in this provocative collection. IN SHORT | NONFICTION |
188369_4 | turned in our Government-issue uniforms and gear before being discharged (explaining the damages with an innocent ''but this is the way it was issued, Sarge''), the man who glowered back at us was known as the supply sergeant. As bureaucratic pomposity continues to triumph, he will become known as the Acquisition & Materiel Management Sergeant. Economists are already bracing for an updating of the theory developed from the discussion of supply and demand by Adam Smith in his 1776 ''An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,'' a theory that will soon be known as the Theory of Acquisition & Materiel Management & Demand. (The old demand can be replaced by ''Necessitation & Requirement Management.'') Arthur Laffer, Jack Kemp and others who believe in growth through tax cuts will be called Acquisition & Materiel Management-Siders. The name of the upgraded agency with the upgraded titles is Department of Veterans Affairs. It is the only department with an error in punctuation built into its name. Maybe its Central Office can cause its Office of Acquisition & Materiel Management to buy or otherwise acquire or accession what is evidently considered immateriel: an apostrophe to put after the ''Veterans.'' Afterthought: As the misspelling of immateriel above indicates, I have always had a problem with material and materiel. The former means anything made of matter and having substance. Materiel, with its acute accent, comes from French and refers to work equipment or tools, specifically the weapons and supplies of armed forces. Palindromes U NU, THE FORMER leader of Burma, is back in the news. I hope he makes it back into power in Rangoon because he was the Last Palindrome - the only recent head of government whose name is spelled the same backward as forward. (France's quisling Pierre Laval preceded him, but only his last name worked; U Nu goes all the way.) In ''Too Hot to Hoot,'' by owlish Marvin Terban, a fresh collection of palindromes is presented to linguistic pushmi-pullyus tired of the old ''Madam, I'm Adam'' and ''A Man, A Plan, A Canal - Panama.'' (Best palindromic riddle: What is 1,999.5 pounds?) The Manhattan English teacher uses these games to interest pupils in the study of words. If elected chief executive of New York City to replace Ed Koch, I am prepared to ask the New York County Republican leader: ''Roy, am I Mayor?'' Or if | Gaffe Me Your Tired. .. |
188287_2 | history of the rise of the Dutch Republic and various ups and downs of the House of Orange - indeed, at 27 pages, not potted enough. Both Mrs. Tuchman and her publishers seem to think there is widespread failure to understand the importance of sea power in the War of Independence, but her discussion of naval matters contains little of import that is not in the works of Alfred Thayer Mahan, the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica or Christopher Lloyd's maritime contribution to the ''New Cambridge Modern History'' volume on the American and French revolutions: the effects of Britain's lost supremacy at sea, the dead hand of the naval manual Fighting Instructions, the deficiencies of the signaling system (which resulted in battle orders being misread), the conditions of service and more. Once again, such information, even if it comes as a reminder, may please if the writer handles it with verve. Unfortunately, Mrs. Tuchman - a confessed landlubber - goes to sea with as much expertise as a farm boy taking a rented rowboat for the first time on a municipal lake. She confuses rigging (which is the shrouds, stays and halyards on a ship's masts) with rig (which is the complete layout of masts and sails). She misuses the word ''draft'' - for example, ''the shallow draft of the waters.'' The act of tacking, or bringing about, a full-rigged ship seems to remain a mystery to her despite a long and vivid quotation from Samuel Eliot Morison describing the process. Her writing - if insufficiently salty - is sometimes foggy. She is fond of leaps across the centuries, say to 1648 and the Treaty of Munster, in which ''the Dutch vindicated the struggle for political liberty that was to pass in the next century to the Americans,'' or to 1066, the year that Mrs. Tuchman - bringing nation-states into premature existence - takes for the start of 700 years of British-French rivalry. Similarly, the British Navy exists for her, and defeats the Spanish Armada, before Scotland joins England in Great Britain. Mrs. Tuchman's strengths are perhaps not to the fore in this book, and are certainly masked by this atmosphere of anachronism and of failure to command fresh material. My own interest quickened at the occasional paradoxical tidbit - for example, the information that the American Navy also had to find its seamen through the press gang and | WITH A LITTLE HELP FROM SOME FRIENDS |
188595_3 | product has declined for 10 straight years and has plummeted by almost 25 percent in the last eight years, according to the Central Bank. Big Jump in Food Costs The Ministry of Planning says inflation, which totals 507.1 percent since 1980, has pushed the minimum cost of a nutritious diet for a family of five to $240 a month, a 20 percent jump in two years. Although the monthly minimum wage last year was increased by $20 to $110, the majority of workers earn much less. That has led to a sharp rise in malnutrition, according to health workers. A drought last year has sent the price of beans, a staple of the diet, soaring and has turned El Salvador from a bean exporter into an importer. Beans, which sold for 20 cents a pound at the beginning of last year, now cost 50 cents a pound, down from a high of more than 80 cents earlier this year. Beans are now called ''rich people's food.'' ''We survive only by the grace of God,'' said Jose Adolfo, who has nine children. He said that beans cost more than a chicken and that he needed two pounds every three days to feed his family. Occasionally, when there is work, he earns $2 a day on a nearby coffee plantation; when there is no work, which is most of the time, he and his family scour the country for edible roots and flowers. The unemployment and underemployment rate is heatedly disputed. But even conservative estimates put it at 40 percent, and growing. Miguel Angel Valencia, the Mayor of Santa Ana and an Arena member, estimated that 60 percent of the working population was underemployed in his city, the country's second largest. About 90 percent of nearby rural residents are underemployed, Mr. Valencia said. In large part that is a result of the collapse of world commodity prices for El Salvador's principal exports. The price of sugar, according to the World Bank, plummeted from $6.06 a metric ton in 1980 to $1.13 in 1986, before rising to $1.75 this year. The declines in cotton and coffee prices have been only slightly less steep. Exports Drop 44 Percent That has led to a 44 percent drop in exports between 1980 and 1988, according to the Central Bank. A concurrent 11 percent increase in imports has almost quadrupled the foreign debt and created a severe | Salvador's Poverty Is Called Worst of Century |
186969_1 | Reputation That may come as news to 1,300 city workers who jump at his orders,and to people who remember how histough-guy reputation began in his first administration (1961-1966). Then, he packed a gun, led police raids, unleashed dogs on rioters and had Allen Ginsberg, a native son, arrested for saying at a poetry reading that he had just smoked marijuana at the Passaic Falls. That administration ended after he served the maximum of two three-year terms. He then became a developer, and later City Council President. Under revised laws that established four-year mayoral terms and a nonpartisan form of government, he was re-elected Mayor in 1982, and re-elected again in 1986. The new laws allow him to succeed himself. As Mayor he has involved himself in every facet of city government -he even directed traffic last month under a damaged traffic light. Early each morning, seven days a week, he gets into a black Chevrolet sedan, equipped with police, fire, and public works radios and a cellular phone, and for an hour drives through every neighborhood. When he sees problems - a littered street, obscene grafitti on a monument - he uses his radios to demand immediate action from city agencies whose chiefs, he says, probably wish he would lose his driver's license. The car is also equipped with a Mickey Mouse doll and softball. He said he gives them to children at fire and accident scenes to calm them. Encounter With Ex-Convict On one tour, a dozen people waved cheerfully or shouted his name. One was a recent prison inmate who asked for a job. The Mayor, who has sponsored many law-and-order bills - one mandating strict sentences for using a gun in committing a crime - asked the ex-convict his crime. When the man said armed robbery, Mr. Graves said gleefully, ''Then you went to jail under my bill. The Graves Act.'' Mayor and ex-robber laughed heartily. Accessible at any hour, Mr. Graves frequently interrupts meetings to take phone calls from constituents, leaving department heads twiddling thumbs. ''They call the Mayor, they should get the Mayor,'' he said, even though he acknowledges that it is inefficient management. But, he said, constituents remember on Election Day. Telephoning Taxpayers For two years he has phoned delinquent taxpayers, expressing his willingness to send a police car over to pick up ''my taxes.'' He had one property owner arrested for paying his | Mayor Sees City's (and His) Renewal |
186928_1 | flood, which was the worst in the country's history, the President of Bangladesh, Lieut. Gen. H. M. Ershad, reached individual agreements with India and other neighboring countries for cooperation. But he has thus far failed to win sufficient support for a regional response to the flooding. ''What we want is a regional water authority, including the five concerned countries, to regulate and harness water resources for the benefit of all,'' Mr. Choudhury said in an interview before his address. This would mean no diversion of water, construction of dams or other such projects, without common consent, he said. Looking to Dutch and Germans He said such a regional agency would need international support both in technology and financing because of the magnitude of the problem. Specifically, it would look for technological help from the Netherlands and West Germany, ''which have cooperated successfully in taming the Rhine,'' he said. Bangladesh and India have been at odds for some time over the control of the waters of the Brahmaputra, the Ganges and other common rivers. Bangladesh accuses India of permitting rampant deforestation that has resulted in flooding, and building dams that divert badly needed water from Bangladesh in the dry season. Specifically, these officials are concerned over an Indian proposal to build a canal across Bangladesh to drain water from the Brahmaputra to the Ganges system. The Bangladeshi official said his Government has tried to generate enthusiasm for regional cooperation. Ershad and Gandhi Meet He noted that General Ershad and Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi of India agreed late last month to set up a joint task force to study the flood management and water flow of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. Subsequently, the President visited Nepal, and it was agreed to set up a joint study team on the problem. He will also visit Bhutan this week and later China to take up the same issue. Referring to the recent catastrophic flood, Mr. Choudhury said 1,250,000 houses were destroyed, leaving about eight million people homeless. More than 2,000 deaths have been attributed to the flooding. The Foreign Minister said the country's ''highest priority needs'' are now wheat and construction materials. Emphasizing the need for a permanent solution to the problem, he said, ''The primary imperative will be in harnessing regional cooperation among all our concerned neighbors with a view to arriving at coherent and well-coordinated policies and plans to our mutual benefit.'' | Bangladeshi Asks for Help on Controlling Floods |
186922_1 | gold diggers came, then the road and the lumbermen. They were followed by cattle ranchers, who in this region get generous Government subsidies. ''Everybody around here sets fires because flames can do what the hand cannot,'' said Bolival Alves, a tinder merchant. ''It is easier and cheaper. Only the valuable wood is pulled out.'' Forest trees are piled high in the local timber yards here where saws scream their way through huge mahogany trunks. Giant Brazil nut trees are not spared, even though this tree is protected and the law forbids cutting it. Workers at a large yard said that, once cut into planks, the Brazil nut tree is shipped under a different name. ''The yard makes up false documents,'' a truck owner confirmed. ''I never had any trouble with that.'' While for a number of years international concern has grown about waste and destruction in the Amazon rain forest, for the first time it has become a national political issue in Brazil. The press has drawn attention to the manmade fires and forced debates in Brazil's National Security Council. In late September the head of the Government Environmental Agency resigned to protest the absence of an environmental policy. 'Average of 5,000 Fires a Day' Brazilian scientists who began a new program to monitor fires via satellite are still compounding this season's damage. Recently they reported that in 1987, 77,000 square miles of land burned, close to 40 percent of it virgin rain forest. They said that this year, in the last three months of the dry season, fires have been worse. ''We are still recording an average of 5,000 fires a day,'' said Marcos Pereira, one of the scientists. ''The rains are very late. Last year by the middle of September, the burning had dropped off.'' Other reasons for the enormousness of the fires offer insights into the methods by which the frontiersmen are conquering Brazil's vast hinterlands. Foresters have asserted that land owners rushed to clear forests before the country's new Constitution went into effect in early October, because new articles bring greater legal protection for the environment. Speculators regularly destroy forest to increase the resale value of their land, according to the foresters, or they clear it as a device to assert their ownership over land for which they have no legal documents. Land 'Improvements' Conversations with landowners in this region also give the strong impression that | Amazon Settlers Turn Forests To Ash in Name of Progress |
190491_3 | about my sister's illness, something to hide. In his book, Dr. Torrey addressed these fears, explaining that ''people do not cause schizophrenia; they merely blame each other for doing so.'' He also stated emphatically ''Schizophrenia is a brain disease, now definitely known to be such. It is a real scientific and biological entity as clearly as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and cancer.'' We learned that although schizophrenia affects millions of Americans, research dollars are woefully inadequate. We learned that there was hope, that schizophrenia could be treated just like other diseases with good doctors, drug therapy and supervised care. Armed with this knowledge, my mother found the Life Care Rehab Center, an intensive-care facility for the mentally handicapped. In return for my sister's Social Security check, the center gives her the medication she needs and planned activities, but more importantly, it is her home. The people who live and work there are her friends. My sister is not idle. Imbued with a strong work ethic, she reads, takes notes, writes poetry and maintains a heavy correspondence. She keeps in touch with her college friends, the patients and staff at the mental hospital, nieces and nephews, aunts and uncles and a number of her former roommates from the psychiatric center. We don't talk much on the telephone. Like Jane Austen characters, we take pleasure in writing and receiving letters. She tells me about sitting in the sun and watching the cars go by, studying the Bible and cleaning her closet. She writes of throwing a harmless fit, listening to the Kansas City Royals on the radio and dressing as a court jester on Halloween. She talks about having her favorite fried chicken for dinner and taking walks. No one sends her, she says, she just goes. I tell her about playing tennis, teaching theater, writing and reading ''Sense and Sensibility'' for the 20th time. She asks if I do anything besides playing, writing, and working and adds, ''I do the same here.'' Sometimes she's blue, bored, maybe even burned-out, she tells me. Most of the time, however, thanks to the improved medication and good care she receives, she enjoys her life. In her world, I appear on television and the radio quite frequently. Although I know it is the delusion of her disease, since I live a thousand miles away, and we do not get to see each other often, it seems | A Loving Treatment for Mental Illness |
190580_2 | for both airlines were quick to point out that the weather early this month was good; both warned that bad weather, combined with the restrictions, would mean serious delays. Under the F.A.A.'s program, landings at O'Hare are being limited to 80 an hour during the evening rush hour, from about 4:45 P.M. to 9:15 P.M. The restrictions were imposed when controller errors for flights in the Chicago area reached 30 in the first nine months of this year, compared with 12 all of last year. Seasoned travelers offer these tips: * Avoid travel during peak hours, 7:30 to 9:30 A.M. and 4:30 to 9 P.M. * Ask for a nonstop service to the West Coast. If the service is direct, find out if it stops in Chicago. You may ask to be routed through another hub, although spokesmen for both airlines said they were not advising travelers to avoid Chicago. * Be aware that there is likely to be a ripple effect across the country. A plane stuck on the ground in Chicago means that it is not available for another route. Flight Rights A free card listing airline passengers' rights is available from the Airline Passengers of America, a year-old nonprofit advocacy group. The card offers information on flight delays or cancellations, lost luggage, smoking, boarding and lost tickets. The card, which fits in a ticket folder, is available by writing the association at 4224 King Street, Alexandria, Va. 22302 or by calling 800-222-9477. Park and Fly At Newark Part of a park-and-ride lot in Ridgewood, N.J., has become a park-and-fly lot. In an experimental program, travelers going to Newark International Airport can park at the lot, which has been underused in the commuter program, and take a shuttle bus to the airport. About 150 spaces, one-third of the commuter lot, have been set aside for airport parking, which until the end of the year is free. Beginning next year, the daily rate will be $2. The fare for the 45-minute ride to the airport is $12 one way and $24 round trip. The shuttle has regular departures up to 35 times a day with peak service every half hour from 5 A.M. until 10 AM. and again from 2 P.M. until midnight (weekends hourly service only). The lot is on the southbound side of Route 17 between Race Track Road and West Glen Avenue. The service is being | TRAVEL ADVISORY |
190424_1 | the right questions could be divined. In the disorderly aftermath of Joyce, Kafka, S. Y. Agnon, Borges, all the questions appear to be used up, repetitive, irrelevant; and their answers - which only recently did take on experimental form - have been marred by struggle, stoicism and a studied ''playfulness'' more plucky than antic. After Kafka, after Borges, what is there to do but mope? Calvino sets aside both questions and answers for the sake of brilliant clues and riddling intuitions. He gives up narrative destination for destiny, clarification for clairvoyance. He invents a new laughter suitable to the contemporary disbelief in story. In short, Calvino readdresses - and magisterially re-enters - the idea of myth, of the tale. In earlier works, he imagined Marco Polo as Scheherazade, mesmerizing Kublai Khan with jewel-like accounts of walls, images, weather, names, humors, fates; or he noted that ''the objects of reading and writing are placed among rocks, grass, lizards, having become products of the mineral-vegetable-animal continuum.'' He even invoked - in the exhilarating pages of ''If on a Winter's Night a Traveler'' - a Father of Stories, ''the universal source of narrative material, the primordial magma.'' A learned, daring, ingeniously gifted magus, Calvino in our own time has turned himself into the Italian Grimm: his ''Italian Folktales,'' a masterwork of culling and retelling, is devoted precisely to the lure of the primordial magma - myth spawned by the body of the organic and inorganic world. The three tales of ''Under the Jaguar Sun'' are, accordingly, engendered by the human nervous system - the body as a cornucopia of sensation, or as an echoing palace with manifold windows, each a shifting kaleidoscope. The modernists have already hinted at how the fundamental story-clay, the myth-magma, can spring from taste (remember Proust's madeleine) or smell (Mann's diseased Venice) or sound (Forster's ou-boum in the Marabar Caves). Yet these merely metaphorical resonances will not content Calvino. He slides back behind them to the primary ground of perception: ganglia and synapse. He fuses fable with neuron. By driving story right down to its biological root, to cell and stimulus, he nearly annihilates metaphor. Calvino's post-modernism is a literalism so absolute that it transports myth to its organic source, confining story to limits of the mouth, the ear, the nose. But what seems to be confinement and limitation - the mouth, after all, is only a little chamber | MOUTH, EAR, NOSE |
190823_0 | LEAD: In a self-congratulatory mood, Congress early today passed comprehensive legislation aimed at curbing the supply of illicit drugs and the public's demand for them, approving the measure as its final act before adjournment. In a self-congratulatory mood, Congress early today passed comprehensive legislation aimed at curbing the supply of illicit drugs and the public's demand for them, approving the measure as its final act before adjournment. The drug bill gives greater emphasis to reducing drug consumption through treatment and education programs, which had been given low priority in previous drug strategies. In addition, in a different kind of attack on consumption, it created complex and far-reaching penalties and sanctions for the unaddicted population of ''recreational'' drug users, estimated by several senators at 23 million citizens. While there may be administrative difficulties in applying the penalties, they could have a significant effect on those millions. Death Penalty Permitted A provision aimed at suppliers permits, but does not make mandatory, the death penalty for murders committed by people who had been involved in at least two continuing criminal operations involving drugs or for someone who kills a police officer in the course of a drug-related crime. The clock in the Senate chamber stood at 3:16 A.M. as the drug bill cleared the Senate by a voice vote with only four Senators on the floor and Senator Jay Rockefeller, Democrat of West Virginia, in the presiding officer's chair. The House had passed the bill hours earlier by a vote of 346 to 11. The White House said that President Reagan generally views the bill favorably but that he has not said whether he would sign it. Candidates' Views The Presidential candidates, who are split on the question of the death penalty, gave different answers when asked if, as President, they would sign the bill. Dayton Duncan, a spokesman for Gov. Michael S. Duakakis of Massachusetts, the Democratic nominee, said that if Mr. Dukakis were President he would have an effective drug policy in place and would not need this bill. Mr. Dukakis opposes the death penalty. Vice President Bush, who backs the death penalty, enthusiastically supports the bill, a spokesman said. In a marathon final day, marked by intense legislative bartering, Congress also adopted legislation to correct drafting errors in the 1986 tax law, to extend popular tax breaks that otherwise would have expired and to create several others. The cost for | DRUG BILL PASSES, FINISHING BUSINESS OF 100TH CONGRESS |
190784_0 | LEAD: I would like to respond to the article ''Brand-New Degree and No Place to Go'' [ Opinion, Aug. 28 ] . I would like to respond to the article ''Brand-New Degree and No Place to Go'' [ Opinion, Aug. 28 ] . Fundamentally, what these newly minted liberal arts graduates are suffering from is reality shock. For the first time in their lives, they have to get real jobs and support themselves, but no one has told them - not parents, friends, or teachers throughout their 16 years of schooling - that without marketable office skills, they are virtually unemployable. As a 1974 graduate of Adelphi University majoring in theater (a fun, but useless subject for the everyday business world), I walked straight out of school and into my first job. It was no easier then for a B.A. to find a job than it is now, but my very wise parents had urged me to go to secretarial school at night during my senior year. With typing and shorthand skills under my belt, I could and did always find work, and was able to explore various career fields in a very short period of time. Eventually, I landed a secretarial job with a shopping center developer and began a 10-year career in real estate. A year ago, I formed a public relations and marketing concern for real estate companies and utilize my office skills to this day. At the age of 21 or 22, most young people have little to offer potential employers except their enthusiasm, energy and willingness to learn. But no company will hire them, especially for entry-level positions, without the training to do such ''boring'' tasks as typing or word processing, computer programming or bookkeeping. If the college graduates of 1988 want to go to work, they must first realize that they will not get hired because of who they are or what they know, but rather, for the contributions they can make to their companies. And they will find that principle to be true throughout their careers. JANET WHITE Queens | No Headline |
190484_2 | that is second to none. Most obvious is the long-held consensus value in our society that education is vital to our future well-being. The problems and complexities of a new decade as well as a new century will soon be upon us, and New Jerseyans must be prepared to meet them head on. That preparation is best nurtured in our institutions of higher learning, and students in New Jersey deserve to have colleges and universities with the resources and facilities to provide them with a superior education. To some, better colleges and universities might appear to benefit only those who are actually enrolled in them. But a strengthened system of public higher education is a boon for even those who have never stepped foot on one of the state's college campuses. In evaluating this bond proposal, it's important to understand the tremendous benefits that all New Jerseyans stand to reap from its passage. Better colleges and universities lead to greater investment in the state by private companies looking for a competent work force. This is especially the case as a greater number of businesses are oriented toward service or high-technology and require a more skilled employee than in the past. More companies relocating to New Jersey to take advantage of the state's college graduates means a more robust economy, and all residents profit when the economy is in good shape. Beyond economics, better colleges and universities could become a great source of pride for residents within our state, as well as a fabulous showcase to others around the country. Great things have been happening in New Jersey, and the state is no longer maligned as an undesirable place to live and raise a family. Strengthening our colleges and universities would continue to build on the progress that has been made in recent years, and would send an unmistakable signal that New Jerseyans are serious about improving their quality of life. The leaders of New Jersey's public colleges and universities have done a great job in building a quality system of public higher education. Now it's time for all New Jerseyans to show their support for our schools by voting for this bond issue. I urge all New Jersey voters in this election to vote for the Jobs, Education and Competitiveness Bond Issue. And as to whom to elect as our new President, that choice is strictly yours. NEW JERSEY OPINION | The Better the Colleges, The Better for Us All |
192644_5 | 15 percent of the abortions in the country. They said they expected that within a decade, it could be used in half of all abortions. International health officials expect there to be a large market for RU 486 in countries besides France. The company, however, has not disclosed its revenue projections for the drug. Cardinal Criticizes Decision Dr. Baulieu, who is close to Roussel's chairman, Dr. Sakiz, said the chairman had always favored continuing the sale of the drug. ''Sakiz was probably happy to transfer the blame and the risk onto state authorities,'' he said. Albert Cardinal Decourtray, Archbishop of Lyon and Primate of the Gauls, called today's decision ''a victory of wild liberalism.'' He added, ''It is sad to transform into a war of religion what should be a struggle for light, for man and for life.'' The Cardinal said the future of RU 486 should be turned over to France's Ethics Commission. Government officials said that in recommending this, the Cardinal was adopting a moderate approach, since the committee has already given its go-ahead for RU 486 to be distributed in hospital clinics. The French Family Planning Association issued a statement today saying it ''hopes that this decision by the Government will be a real obstacle to the demonstrations of intolerence by some fanatics who aspire to impose their morality on five million people.'' DOCTORS AT CONGRESS DELIGHTED RIO DE JANEIRO, Oct. 28 (Special to The New York Times) - Doctors at the World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics here said they were surprised and delighted at the rapid reversal of the company's decision on RU 486. ''This is wonderful!'' said Dr. Allan Rosenfield, dean of the School of Public Health of Columbia University in New York. ''Drugs should be available on their scientific merit and not for political or business decisions.'' News of the suspension of the drug had earlier set off a great outburst of indignation the congress, which is the main organization of gynecologists and obstetricians, and senior researchers and university professors from the United States and Europe gathered more than 1,000 signatures to protest the decision. Today, the organizers of the protest said they were writing a joint letter to praise the French Ministry of Health. ''It was a responsible act on the part of the French Government in the face of an irresponsible act of the pharmaceutical company,'' one of its authors said. | FRANCE ORDERING COMPANY TO SELL ITS ABORTION DRUG |
184476_1 | to name it as a limiting bias, that Anthony Storr, who is a lecturer in psychiatry at Oxford University, has written ''Solitude: A Return to the Self.'' Dr. Storr's point is deceptively simple: psychoanalytic thinkers underrate solitude and overrate relationships in gauging the ingredients of contentment. Solitude is the natural arena for most creative effort, and people who are alone need not be lonely and unhappy. Solitary pursuits, whether writing poetry, gardening, speculating in stocks or breeding carrier pigeons, ''play a greater part in the economy of human happiness than modern psycho-analysts and their followers allow,'' Dr. Storr writes. He cites a long list of great minds, including Descartes and Newton, Pascal and Spinoza, Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein, all of whom lived and worked alone for most of their lives and each of whom, the author argues, might not have produced his major works had he been weighed down by the burdens of marriage and family. Indeed, it is our idealization of relationships, Dr. Storr says, that creates a problem: ''If we did not look to marriage as the principal source of happiness, fewer marriages would end in tears.'' The demands of career and family, Dr. Storr notes, too often lead people to neglect or abandon pursuits and interests that once gave their life zest and meaning. It is by taking time out for themselves, though, that these lost pleasures can be retrieved. Beyond that, solitude ''promotes self-understanding and contact with those inner depths of being which elude one in the hurly-burly of day-to-day life.'' It is against the influential ''object relations'' school of psychoanalytic thought that Dr. Storr's arguments are directed. The seminal work of the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby and others reoriented the focus of Freudian theory from the need to control primal impulses to the ways an infant's earliest experiences of attachments shape all later intimate relations. While Dr. Storr does not take issue with the importance of a secure sense of attachment for later relationships, he argues that the same early experiences that give rise to security are the prerequisites for the healthy pursuit of solitary interests as well. And such lone pursuits, he argues, are as necessary for a fulfilled life as are sound relationships. The capacity to be alone is a necessary balance to the press of social life. More than that, solitude is the natural arena for imagination and creativity; the daydreaming child sets | PUTTING THE WORLD ON HOLD |
184454_0 | LEAD: GREEK MYTHS: GODS, HEROES AND MONSTERS Their Sources, Their Stories and Their Meanings. By Ellen Switzer and Costas. Photographs by Costas. 208 pp. New York: A Jean Karl Book/Atheneum. GREEK MYTHS: GODS, HEROES AND MONSTERS Their Sources, Their Stories and Their Meanings. By Ellen Switzer and Costas. Photographs by Costas. 208 pp. New York: A Jean Karl Book/Atheneum. To the sophisticated mind, the tales of Greek gods and heroes are mystifying in their intricacies, inconsistencies and leaps of logic. On the other hand, young children enthusiastically plunge into this world, where magic reigns, where people can be transformed into trees, gods into showers of gold, where mortals become almost immortal and gods even descend from Olympus. For older children, however, this initial fascination is unlikely to endure, in part because of the dearth of readable mythologies appropriate for their age and interests. It is this audience that Ellen Switzer, a journalist, and Costas, a Greek-born teacher and photographer, hope to reach with ''Greek Myths: Gods, Heroes and Monsters.'' To their credit, they have synthesized an enormous amount of material, compressing into a few pages thousands of years of storytelling. However, it is not easy to tell someone else's tale, and the authors have failed to capture the wit, the poetry, the high spirits, the pathos and the profound social and psychological messages imparted by Greek myths. They have also attempted a semischolarly method, faithfully recording not only the individual myths but also variations, including contributions from contemporary Greek village lore. The survival of ancient myths in present-day rural Greece is of great interest, as is the existence of multiple versions of some of the tales, but the authors cannot do these themes justice in such a brief survey. Furthermore, this pedantic approach renders some of their stories almost unintelligible. The book is also weakened by the introduction, where the authors set out their general analysis of Greek mythology. Here they reveal a profound ignorance of Greek and Roman religion as well as history and social context. Their statement that ''the temples the Greeks built and the sacrifices they made to their gods were not really acts of worship . . . [ but ] a form of bribery, or a payment for services rendered,'' verges on the offensive, as does their remark that the Greeks did not take their religion very seriously. The ancient Greeks -those who sang the | CHILDREN'S BOOKS/PEOPLES OF THE WORLD |
184670_0 | LEAD: Organized child care, it has long been argued, is beneficial to children, to working parents and to families. But more and more, organized child care is also being considered essential to a healthy economy. Organized child care, it has long been argued, is beneficial to children, to working parents and to families. But more and more, organized child care is also being considered essential to a healthy economy. That premise is the foundation of a national campaign to foster the increased involvement of government, business and industry, parents and academia that was announced last week by the Child Care Action Campaign. It is a national coalition of corporate, union, community and religious leaders and child care experts. Speaking at a news conference in the Grand Bay Hotel in Manhattan, Elinor Guggenheimer, the group's founder and president, said: ''As a result of two years of research, we know that without adequate child care, the United States will be at a disadvantage economically and educationally. Unfortunately our policymakers have not proposed or implemented the necessary far-reaching solutions. I have been especially disappointed in both parties during this election year.'' The basis for the campaign, in which the organization's leaders are to travel around the country speaking to lawmakers, is a report, ''Child Care: The Bottom Line.'' The report, made public last week, is a comprehensive assessment of how the child care system currently functions, who needs it and what it costs. It also measures the effect of child care on the economy and the labor force. 'Fragmented Programs' The report, prepared by Barbara Reisman, Amy J. Moore and Karen Fitzgerald, says: ''The current system - or quasi system - of child care can best be described as a disjointed and fragmented assortment of programs. It is confusing to potential users as well as inefficient and inequitable. It does not begin to meet the needs of all the families who need child care, although its impact on the economy is demonstrable.'' While an increasing number of women, married and single, are entering the work force out of financial need, there is also an increasing need in the business world for female employees, the report said. With a labor shortage in prospect because of a declining growth rate in the population and with an expansion in service industries, the report said, ''Two out of every three new jobs will have to be filled | Leaders and Experts Join in Child Care Drive |
192880_1 | it has become vitally important for both owners and tenants to remain up to date concerning how the courts interpret ''primary residence.'' Lately, two significant shifts have taken place. One concerns conditions that must be met before a tenant can claim an apartment as a primary residence. The second is a procedural ruling that could make it more difficult for owners to bring cases to court. Together, the shifts may change the traditional strategies used in arguing these cases. ''You can expect chaos for a while,'' said Gary M. Rosenberg, a lawer in Manhattan specializing in primary-residence cases. The change in the way the appellate courts - which tend to set legal precedent - are defining ''primary residence'' status emanates from three decisions last year. In the first, Emay Properties Inc. v. Norton, the owners sought to evict Donald Norton from a one-bedroom apartment at 426 West 49th Street. Mr. Norton was serving a life sentence for murder and, the owners argued, was no longer living there. Mr. Norton insisted he intended to return if granted parole after 15 years; this was enough for a lower court to rule in his favor, said Mark Friendlander, the Emay Properties lawyer. But in July 1987, the Appellate Term, First Division, ruled that, to retain his rent-stabilization rights, Mr. Norton had to show an ''ongoing, substantial, physical'' connection with the apartment for ''actual living purposes.'' The next case, Sommer v. Turkel, revolved around Ann Turkel, an actress and model who had lived since 1974 in a three-bedroom, 2,800-square-foot 36th-floor apartment with a maid's room, four-and-a-half bathrooms and a terrace overlooking the East River. When the building converted to a co-op in 1978 Ms. Turkel chose not to buy the apartment, then worth $120,000, and to remain as a regulated tenant. By 1987 she was paying $2,200; the fair market rent, according to appraisers, was $7,500 and the apartment was worth about $1.3 million. Aware of the apartment's value and that Ms. Turkel spent most of her time in Beverly Hills, Viola Sommer, the owner, began eviction proceedings in 1983. Four years later, in October 1987, the Appellate Term, First Division, handed down a decision that continued to alter the definition of primary residence. It reiterated the need for ongoing physical presence, not just documentary evidence, to show an apartment was a person's main domicile, said Warren A. Estis, who represented Ms. Sommer. For | Courts Altering Criteria |
193025_0 | LEAD: REVIVING old enmities, church and state have stumbled, almost reluctantly, into a clash over the emotional issue of abortion in France. Although this is a highly secularized nation, a series of controversies this month has demonstrated the power and passion of committed Roman Catholics and has provoked an angry debate about both freedom of expression and a revolutionary new abortion pill. REVIVING old enmities, church and state have stumbled, almost reluctantly, into a clash over the emotional issue of abortion in France. Although this is a highly secularized nation, a series of controversies this month has demonstrated the power and passion of committed Roman Catholics and has provoked an angry debate about both freedom of expression and a revolutionary new abortion pill. The fire-bombing of a Paris cinema that was showing Martin Scorsese's film ''The Last Temptation of Christ,'' which was denounced as sacriligeous by the church, and commando raids and threats against other movie houses have effectively prevented it from being shown. Free-thinking France, where less than 14 per cent of the people regularly attend Roman Catholic church services, has earned an unusual distinction in Western Europe. Church leaders have also protested a film by the director Claude Chabrol, ''Une Affaire de Femmes,'' which tells the real story of a woman abortionist beheaded by the Vichy authorities in 1943. At least one cinema has censored the film to remove a blasphemous outburst by its star, Isabelle Huppert. On Wednesday, in a decision freighted with international implications, a French company that had developed a drug to terminate pregnancy shortly after conception announced it was suspending distribution because of coordinated protests by anti-abortion groups in France, West Germany and the United States. The company, Groupe Roussel Uclaf, and the West German chemical giant that controls it, Hoechst A.G., feared a boycott. 'Cool About It' But Friday, in an abrupt reversal, Claude Evin, who is Health Minister and Government spokesman, announced that he had ordered Roussel to manufacture the pill ''in the interest of public health.'' The Government effectively extended political protection to the pharmaceutical concern, which appeared to be keener than Hoechst to go forward with the pill. Roussel had timed its withdrawal announcement to coincide with an important medical conference in Rio de Janeiro, producing a predictable outpouring of criticism from health specialists. ''I know that abortion is a major theme in the American election campaign,'' said a senior | In Secular France, Stirrings By an Angry Religious Right |
193042_4 | Volunteer Force, the Ulster Freedom Fighters, and the umbrella Ulster Defense Association, are also ''alive and well and living in East Belfast and stockpiling weaponry and carrying out sectarian attacks against Catholics,'' said Steve Hewitt, an official of the Northern Ireland Office. More than 20 people, about half Catholics and half Protestants, have died in such attacks so far this year, according to the police. ''There is a nervousness about whether in an ultimate crisis they could somehow defend themselves in the Protestant tradition,'' said Tom King, the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. ''But the reality is they haven't presented as large a threat as the I.R.A.'' The threat from the I.R.A. guerrillas has increased dramatically, British officials said, because of weapons shipments from Libya in 1987 that included rocket-propelled grenades and launchers, ground-to-air anti-aircraft missiles, heavy machine guns and up to 10 tons of explosives. The guerrillas have detonated three tons of such explosives in 207 terrorist bombings in Northern Ireland so far this year, more than in all of last year, according to police statistics. So far, this year has seen the deaths of more than 80 civilians, police officers and soldiers in terrorist incidents. Violence: No End in Sight A dozen officials, policemen and citizens interviewed in the course of two days here all said they could not foresee any end to the violence, which has killed 2,702 people and injured 20,551 since 1969. Even the 1985 British-Irish agreement under which the British gave Dublin a consultative role in Northern Irish affairs is widely viewed as a disappointment in practice by Catholics here, according to public-opinion polls, and Protestants, who saw it as a symbolic sellout three years ago, are pressing for its suspension. Peter Robinson, a member of Parliament for the Protestant Democratic Unionist Party, said: ''If a man has a row with his wife, it won't be resolved if the in-laws get together and work out a solution.'' He is also skeptical of the value of British Government legislation that would make discrimination by employers against the Catholic minority on religious grounds illegal. A bill that is to be introduced in Parliament next year is expected to require companies to monitor the religious affiliation of their work force and seek employees from Catholic and Protestant schools and colleges. Mr. King, whose Government accounts for 44 percent of total employment in Northern Ireland, said | Belfast Amid the Strife: Wrenched but Not Ruined |
192860_2 | Haydn and Mendelssohn for Performers of Westchester at a private home in Bedford (693-1151). Turning to other Westchester venues, in Bronxville today at 3 P.M. the Contreras Ensemble, a 21-piece chamber orchestra under the direction of Jose Contreras, comes to Concordia College. The program lists a Handel Concerto Grosso, Haydn's Symphony No. 91 and Ives's Third (337-9300). Next Sunday at 2 P.M., incidentally, Concordia welcomes five members of the Philharmonia Virtuosi, plus the guest pianist Stephanie Brown and the soprano Sandra Ruggles, for a recital featuring a Haydn Trio and two delectable works by Schubert: ''Shepherd on the Rock'' and the ''Trout'' Quintet (693-5595). Meanwhile, the full Philharmonia Virtuosi will be in orchestral action today at 3 P.M., their program at the State University of New York focusing on music for contrasting groups of strings, including Vivaldi's Concerto for Violin and Two Orchestras (with Paul Peabody as soloist), Spohr's ''Double String Quartet'' and the ''Petite Symphonie Concertante'' by the 20th-century Swiss master, Frank Martin (693-5595). Staying at the State University, we arrive at next weekend's subscription concerts by the New Orchestra of Westchester, and a program celebrating the spirit of glasnost with music by Russian and American composers. The latter are Charles Ives and Charles Griffes (both of whom, it seems, lived for a time in Greenburgh, a town celebrating its Bicentennial this year), while from the Slavic side, we have the Fifth Symphony of Shostakovich and Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1, featuring Alexander Toradze, the brilliant Soviet Georgian virtuoso now living in the United States. As usual, the 8 P.M. Saturday program will be repeated next Sunday at 3 P.M. (682-3707). While the New Orchestra fills Theater A next Sunday, the Music Building at the State University campus in Purchase is the site of a remarkable daylong ''Musical Offering'' sponsored by the New York State Music Teachers Association and described as ''a compendium of refreshing views on the full range of musical styles.'' Taking the form of interactive, sometimes concurrent sessions, the first conclave has the renowned pianist Jacob Lateiner discussing sonata form and other aspects of the classical era, then playing two Beethoven Sonatas; then come such diverse activities as a workshop on Baroque dance, a film and lecture titled ''Rediscovering Toscanini,'' even a bring-your-own-instrument jazz/rock jam session. Registration begins at 9 A.M. For more details call 834-1362 or 761-6338. Also on next Sunday's agenda are two unusual | NORTHERN PART OF COUNTY IS IN CONCERT SPOTLIGHT |
192979_0 | LEAD: COMPUTERS are now helping with the dirty work of the job hunt, from addressing letters and tracking contacts to rewriting resumes. COMPUTERS are now helping with the dirty work of the job hunt, from addressing letters and tracking contacts to rewriting resumes. These software programs generally fall into two basic categories. One type walks the user through the entire job search, starting with an assessment of job interests and ending with advice on negotiating a job offer. The other type of program focuses more narrowly on the time-consuming and all too wearying research and secretarial tasks of job hunting. Programs of the first sort offer computerized alternatives to career counselors. The Crystal-Barkley Corporation will issue one such program, called Career Design, later this year. Ms. Barkley said it makes ''user-interactive'' many of the concepts introduced by the late John Crystal, a career adviser, and popularized by Richard Bolles in his classic book on job searches, ''What Color Is Your Parachute?'' Another new program already on the market is Career Navigator, published in late 1987 by Drake Beam Morin, an outplacement firm whose services are generally limited to mid-and upper-level executives. An institutional edition for colleges has recently been released. These programs offer, in different combinations, a variety of psychological and job skill quizzes, data bases for personal and professional job contacts and coaching to help job seekers research companies, do well on interviews and write resumes. For job seekers who are looking for computerized secretarial help, there are other programs. Career Management Partner offers a technologically sophisticated blend of word processing, data base and mail merge programs, along with access, via modem, to on-line data bases. Even more high-tech features will be ready by the end of the year, including the ability to send resumes via electronic mail to fax machines, said John Cain, president of Scientific Systems. A special telephone hookup will also give the program the ability to display, whenever the telephone rings, the name of the person calling by electronically identifying the caller's number. This allows the person to prepare when an employer calls. The Executive Search System, published by Custom Data Banks in New York, focuses on an even narrower piece of the job hunt - sending resumes to executive recruiters. The user targets firms from among 1,700 in the data base, then automatically plugs the information into letters. Although technological help on the job | Letting Computers Lend a High-Tech Helping Hand |
185631_1 | In addition, greenhouse theory does not preclude extreme cold or extreme heat in any particular place or time, and the Florida freezes noted by Mr. Watt do not contradict the theory. His main claim is that the evidence for global warming is strongly biased by, and is indeed the result of, warming from urban activity, known as the urban heat-island effect. It is well known that buildings, asphalt, concrete and the removal of vegetation keep our cities warmer than their surroundings. Many temperature measuring stations are near population centers. This is a serious issue that does worry climatologists examining temperature records. However, contamination accounts for only a small part of the warming trend. The greatest warming has occurred, not in the regions of greatest population growth, but consistently in higher latitudes, as predicted by greenhouse theory. Though urban heat-island effects can cause great warming in the center of a city, this is not where meteorological measurements are usually taken. Warming has been observed in records of marine air temperature and in sea surface temperature, where there are no urban effects. Measurements above the surface, but within the lower atmosphere, show warming during the last 20 years. There are problems in all of these data sets, including a paucity of data for the Southern Hemisphere and over the oceans. However, it would be odd for the errors all to be in the same direction. While Professor Watt notes the fall in temperatures since 1940 in a set of rural stations, this should be placed in context. From 1940 to 1970, the average temperature did fall, not only in that special rural data set, but in the global data that Mr. Watt distrusts as well. This cooling is not a great mystery, but was probably caused by soot from unusually large amounts of volcanic activity. Globally, average surface air temperature increased steadily between 1880 and 1940, declined for the next 30 years and has increased rapidly since about 1970. Indeed the four warmest years on record have all occurred within the 1980's, with this year adding to that tally. The recent warming is all the more significant because incoming solar radiation has decreased by .1 percent in the last decade. The ''cooler reality'' is a chimera. JAMES RISBEY, MARK HANDEL Cambridge, Mass., Sept. 21, 1988 The writers are research assistants in the Center for Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. | The Planetary Heat Wave Is Real |
185618_1 | buildings (see photo) known as City and Suburban homes. New York City's Landmarks Preservation Commission meets today to consider whether it ought to landmark good intentions. That's all that might justify landmark status for the buildings (see photo) known as City and Suburban homes. The 14 buildings on East 79th Street near the East River have stood for 90 years as a monument to the noble but lost cause of housing as semi-charity. At the turn of the century, before government investment in low-income housing, the City and Suburban Corporation launched an experiment. It sought to prove that investors willing to limit their return to 5 percent could accommodate poor families better than profit-motivated developers. The 1,337 apartments offered interior plumbing, more window space and more light and air than typical slum apartments. But the modest financial returns proved inadequate, and maintenance of the buildings suffered. By the 1940's, ownership passed to a family of enlightened housing managers and developers, the Scheuers. Permitted rent increases to finance structural and mechanical improvements, the new owners kept the buildings going - but with more-affluent tenants. Semi-philanthropy had failed. Peter Kalikow, a developer, recently acquired the property from the Scheuers and wants to build an 81-story tower on the eastern end of the block, closest to the river. He promises to move all dislocated tenants into empty apartments on the site, but critics object to the replacement of some present structures by the taller building. Thus the proposal to landmark them. The case for landmark status is weak. The architectural feature that distinguished these buildings from standard tenements was the large interior courtyard. But courtyards are hardly unique. The state in 1901 mandated them for all new buildings. The City and Suburban structures at the western end of the site are arguably of some historical value because they were the first built. Mr. Kalikow would leave these undisturbed. No owner, however, could successfully maintain those buildings, preserving them for their moderate-income tenants, without dedicating to their upkeep some of the revenue from development at the eastern end. The city would also benefit from increased tax revenues. Whether Mr. Kalikow can prudently build so tall a tower on that site remains to be seen. But that is not the business of the Landmarks Commission. Torturing the Landmarks Preservation law to block sensible development ultimately only weakens the law and the commission that administers it. | Landmark Status for a Lost Cause? |
192117_2 | something or something. A lot of the choices are basically left up to the patient and her doctor. You're left absolutely staggered.'' Studies indicate that 70 percent of the women whose lymph nodes show no sign of cancer after breast surgery will never have a recurrence of the cancer. But there is no certain way to identify the 30 percent of women in whom the cancer will recur. As a result, researchers have questioned whether it was worthwhile to always prescribe chemical treatments for those with no cancer in their lymph nodes on the chance that the minority with poor prognoses would be helped. Dr. Bruce A. Chabner, director of the division of cancer treatment at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md., said the treatment choices are dictated by the size of a woman's tumor, whether it is fed by the female sex hormone estrogen, and the woman's overall health. Dr. John H. Glick, director of the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center in Philadelphia, and others, including Dr. William McGuire of the University of Texas in San Antonio, added that they also look at the physical and chemical features of the cancer cells in an effort to determine how quickly the cells are growing and whether their genetic material is significantly deranged. The more quickly the cells are growing and the farther from normal they appear, the more aggressively these doctors treat. Treatment Not Needed by All Although most women should have treatment, some with very small tumors need not, experts said. And women who are debilitated by other diseases may not want to undergo chemotherapy, Dr. Chabner said. In general, the studies cited by the cancer insitute found that women whose tumors are fed by the female sex hormone estrogen do well when they take a drug, tamoxifen, that blocks estrogen. Pathologists routinely test for evidence that a breast cancer is fed by estrogen by looking for proteins, called estrogen receptors, on the surface of the cancer cells. If they find these receptors, they know the tumor grows when estrogen is around and that its growth is blocked when women take tamoxifen. Most women whose tumors have estrogen receptors should take tamoxifen, Dr. Chabner said. Other studies showed that women whose tumors do not have estrogen receptors benefit from other forms of chemotherapy. In addition, women with relatively large tumors that had estrogen receptors also benefitted from chemotherapy. | Health: Treatments; Breast Cancer Patients Face Daunting Array Of Options on Therapy |
192090_1 | has improved her tennis game. ''Some people like to face north to be aligned with the planets'' during the sessions, said Randy Adamadama, the proprietor. For the last 14 months Mr. Adamadama (ne Stevens) has presided here at the Universe of You, Marin County's first brain spa and the first multiuser facility for the Synchro-Energizer. Literature supplied by Mr. Adamadama says users report a number of salutary results, including euphoria, improved problem-solving and heightened self-esteem. Mr. Adamadama, who said his new name came to him in a dream while sleeping at his previous job as a night watchman, hopes such brain spas will become a sort of McMeditation, doing for brain function what fast-food franchising did for hamburgers. ''You park your car, you run in, you get your anxiety released,'' he said of his operation. ''Every shopping center should have one.'' It seems fitting that Californians, with their unshakeable faith in technology, would find brain spas the answer to the question: am I doing enough for my brain? ''What we can do with our own brains is the next frontier,'' said Carol Cramer, who comes from nearby Sausalito for as many as three sessions a day at the Universe of You. Denis E. Gorges, the inventor of the Synchro-Energizer and the sole stockholder of the Synchro Tech Corporation, recently visited one of the centers, Less Stress, in San Francisco. It is one of 14 around the country including two in New York City. Asked how the Synchro-Energizer works, Mr. Gorges said: ''We don't really know. I don't think the body is that knowable, Nobody knows what the brain does.'' He did say the machine uses light and sound to get and hold the attention of the brain and ''create a harmonic,'' like a conductor leading a symphony. Although the device is said to improve memory, Mr. Gorges could not recall the location of the New Jersey institution he said awarded him a Ph.D. after he completed a course in psychology through the mail. While he also says he is a medical doctor, Canadian Government agencies and professional organizations could find no record of the private medical school he said he attended outside Toronto. He is not licensed to practice either in Canada or his native state of Ohio, according to official records. Dr. Douglas Goodin, an assistant professor of neurology at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center who | Corte Madera Journal; Brain Tuneup at 'McMeditation' Spas |
192109_2 | Planned Parenthood Federation of America, called Roussel's decision ''a tragic display of cowardice and a shocking blow to women around the world.'' Anti-abortion groups in France were jubilant. They have been protesting the use of RU 486 for abortions ever since a French researcher discovered in 1982 that the drug, was effective in terminating pregnancies. ''This method was well on its way toward making abortion commonplace and aggravating the situation,'' said Lucie Olivier, national coordinator of one of France's major anti-abortion groups, Let Them Live-S.O.S. Mothers-to-Be. ''The drug - it is often called the 'French pill' - was destined for the third world, and it would have shamed our country.'' Family planning groups had estimated that millions of women around the world would have sought to use the drug. Experts said the drug would have been especially important in the third world nations, where many women lack access to medical facilities and anesthetics needed for surgical abortions. Officials at Roussel said the drug would still be made available for research into other uses, which some scientists said might include fighting breast cancer. Side Effects Were Minimized Some doctors had predicted that within a decade RU 486 would be used for half the abortions in France. Before the government gave its authorization for distribution on Sept. 23, RU 486 had been tested on almost 7,000 women in France and the government had been satisfied that there were no serious side effects ''Side effects were in no way a problem,'' said Arlette Geslin, director of medical relations for Roussel Laboratories. ''The problem was that there were protests, letters threatening to boycott, and demonstrations in front of our headquarters. We didn't want to get into a big moral debate.'' There had been periodic demonstrations against the drug at the company's headquarters and at the Ministry of Health. The company said there had been no threats of violence. Roussel's board made the decision to suspend distribution at a meeting on Tuesday. Roussel, which had sales of $1.7 billion last year, is 54.5 percent owned by Hoechst A.G., the West German chemical company, and 36.25 owned by the French Government. In its announcement, Roussel said, ''In the face of emotion on the part of public opinion in France and abroad and in the face of a polemic incited by the possibility of using the'' drug for abortions, ''Groupe Roussel Uclaf has decided to suspend, starting | DRUG MAKER STOPS ALL DISTRIBUTION OF ABORTION PILL |
192015_0 | LEAD: Earlier ages, secure in their faith, once produced works like ''The Divine Comedy,'' ''Paradise Lost'' and ''The Oresteia'' - works of religious artists who used their talent not to annotate the ways of men, but to ratify man's relationship to the everlasting. With the dawning of more secular times, it seemed, art began to focus more insistently on the machinery of society, the world of love, money and work. Earlier ages, secure in their faith, once produced works like ''The Divine Comedy,'' ''Paradise Lost'' and ''The Oresteia'' - works of religious artists who used their talent not to annotate the ways of men, but to ratify man's relationship to the everlasting. With the dawning of more secular times, it seemed, art began to focus more insistently on the machinery of society, the world of love, money and work. The Western novel, Andre Gide once wrote, ''concerns itself solely with relations between man and man, passion and intellect, with family, social, and class relations, but never, practically never with the relations between the individual and his self or his God.'' It was an observation echoed by Eugene O'Neill, who once declared that ''most modern plays are concerned with the relation of man to man.'' What is interesting about these observations is how many exceptions they admit. Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy were as God-obsessed as Dante or Milton, and O'Neill himself was quick to add that he deviated from the contemporary norm, that he remained ''interested only in the relation of man and God.'' While such lesser-known works as ''Days Without End'' dealt specifically with the Roman Catholicism of O'Neill's youth, his more successful plays tended to treat his concern with the absolute obliquely or symbolically - something that turns out to be true of other writers' work as well. Indeed, as several recent biographies suggest, even willfully modern works may well conceal, beneath their preoccupation with language and perception, a need to come to terms with God. Consider, for instance, the poems of Wallace Stevens. As Joan Richardson's two-volume biography (''Wallace Stevens: The Early Years'' and ''Wallace Stevens: The Later Years,'' Beech Tree Books, William Morrow) points out, the poet has long been regarded as a dandified esthete, an overly cerebral magician who performed dazzling but superficial tricks with words. As it turns out, however, his poems were intimately grounded in his own domestic difficulties, and in his attempt to reconcile | Critic's Notebook; The Writer's Enduring Struggle for Faith |
187991_0 | LEAD: Autumn is a peak time for job hunting, and a well-prepared resume is the first thing you need. Several formats are now popular. A chronological resume lists experience by dates; a functional resume describes areas of job experience and skill and a targeted resume states a job goal and describes achievements and capabilities. Autumn is a peak time for job hunting, and a well-prepared resume is the first thing you need. Several formats are now popular. A chronological resume lists experience by dates; a functional resume describes areas of job experience and skill and a targeted resume states a job goal and describes achievements and capabilities. Whatever the format, employment counselors recommend that the resume be no more than two pages, and one page is preferable. It is no longer standard to include age, health, marital status, salary or references. Here is a sample of a functional resume. PERSONAL DATA Name, address and telephone number. List office number only if you can receive calls there. EXPERIENCE In about four paragraphs, each about four sentences long, describe positions held and responsibilities. WORK HISTORY Starting with your most recent position, list dates of employment and names of employers. EDUCATION List most recent degree first, with the date and school where it was earned. Include special licenses or certificates. | CONSUMER'S WORLD: Guidepost; Resumes That Work |
189126_0 | LEAD: The Amazon rain forest, the greatest natural wonder of the planet, is rapidly disappearing. Spurred by misguided Government incentives, an army of settlers is torching the trees to convert the forest to cattle ranches. Brazil's President, Jose Sarney, last week decried the ''predatory development. The Amazon rain forest, the greatest natural wonder of the planet, is rapidly disappearing. Spurred by misguided Government incentives, an army of settlers is torching the trees to convert the forest to cattle ranches. Brazil's President, Jose Sarney, last week decried the ''predatory development.'' But that's scant assurance that action will follow. Brazilians cannot understand why North Americans and Europeans, who have destroyed their own forests, should wish to prevent Brazil from developing its own. Here are the reasons: The nursery of life. The Amazonian forests teem with plants and animals, most still unknown to science. Protected from the recurrent ice ages that devastated the earth's temperate zones, life in tropical forests has evolved over millions of years into a profusion of species, many with intricate interdependencies. The forest is an ancient nursery of life, each patch an irreplaceable ecology. Rich forests, poor farmland. Tropical forests recycle their nutrients between the tree canopy above and an interwoven mat of roots below. The soil beneath the root mat is mostly poor. Settlers who burn the trees exhaust the soil after one or two years' crops. Even the cattle ranches are inherently uneconomic and survive only on Government subsidies and tax breaks. Climatic upheaval. The forests exude moisture that accounts for half of Brazil's rainfall, and they absorb the downpour. When much more of the forest is gone, Amazonia may be devastated by floods in wet months; in dry seasons, the bare clay may bake to desert. Waste, fire and poison. Headlong, chaotic devastation, not development, characterizes Brazil's treatment of its forests. Only 5 percent of the trees are sold for lumber; the rest are burned or left to rot. Brazilian scientists monitoring satellite pictures of the forest recently counted 6,000 man-made fires in a single day. Meanwhile, thousands of gold miners in the forest are leaching ore with mercury, a fearful poison, and dumping the mercury -40 tons per year - into the rivers. A terrible legacy may be in store for Brazil as the mercury works its way through the food chain. Making Amerindians into Aliens. The Amerindian peoples who live in the forest have | What's Burning in Brazil |
188903_1 | not offer any direct clues to the manner in which Kaposi's is caused in patients who do not suffer from infection by the HIV virus, which causes AIDS. Protein May Produce Effects A report on the research in the Oct. 13 issue of Nature said the scientists used a gene, called tat, in the experiments because it is known to promote the activity of other genes of the virus. The effects are believed to be produced by the protein for which the gene is the blueprint. The scientists transplanted the gene into the mice on the theory that it might also influence genes of the mouse cells and thus help explain how the virus contributes to the damage characteristic of AIDS. About 15 percent of mice born with the transplanted gene in their bodies developed abnormal skin growths much like those typical of Kaposi's sarcoma. The gene was found in normal skin cells of the mice, but not in cells of the tumors themselves, suggesting that the cancer-promoting effect was produced by the tat protein acting on cells distant from the cells in which it was formed. The findings indicate that the virus ''could play a direct part in causing cancer,'' said the report by Dr. Gilbert Jay of the National Cancer Institute, a unit of the National Institutes of Health, and by colleagues at the institute and at the University of California in Davis. Another report in the same issue of Nature showed that another protein of the AIDS virus kills fetal brain cells of mice; the cells were growing in laboratory cultures. The authors of this report suggested that the effects of this structural protein, gp 120, may help explain why some AIDS patients suffer from severe mental problems, including memory loss and progressively severe dementia. The report by Dr. Candace Pert of the National Institute of Mental Health and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health and the Integra Institute, a research organization in Bethesda, Md., speculated that gp 120 might be released into the brain tissue of AIDS victims by cells infected with the AIDS virus. In the brain, the protein might interfere with the normal processes of nerve cell development and maintenance, the scientists believe. Gp-120 is the protein by which the virus attaches to cells it is about to invade. Dr. Pert and her colleagues reported that cell deaths could be reduced by monocolonal | Studies Link AIDS Virus Directly to Cancer and Dementia |
189069_2 | New York-based publishing house, last July began processing subscription renewal and marketing information for several of its magazines in Galway. Others, like Boeing and Bechtel, have also set up software development offices for their own use. To be sure, computer and software companies, including I.B.M., Microsoft and Lotus, had previously established offices in Ireland. But these were primarily to develop a production base for international sales and were not in the global-office mold. High Employee Turnover But the forces pushing corporations to send white-collar work abroad go well beyond the wage benefits, as shown by the New York Life case. With unemployment low, especially in the New York region, the company found that recruiting workers for low-level jobs like claims processing became more and more difficult. Moreover, employee turnover in claims offices in the industry is high, as much as 30 percent a year. And changing demographic trends will aggravate the problem. In the decade ending in 1995, the number of 18-to-24-year-olds in the American work force will decline by 17.5 percent. ''The demographics make this a nationwide challenge,'' said John Foy, a vice president of New York Life. ''American companies will find it much more difficult to find skilled workers at home for the rest of this century.'' The development of the global office has been an evolutionary process. For years, many companies have moved some ''back office'' clerical, accounting and data-processing operations out of urban headquarters sites, where office and housing costs are high. And American executives have begun using portable computers, telefax machines and the like to work from home or while traveling so they can stay in touch, electronically, with their offices. The additional technological advances of satellite communications and transoceanic fiber optic cables now make it reasonable for corporations to view each of their many service functions separately and ask: Where in the world can a certain task be done most efficiently and at the lowest cost? 'Extensions of the U.S.' ''More and more, companies are looking at foreign countries as extensions of the U.S.,'' said Paul Coombes, a principal of McKinsey & Company, the consulting firm. ''Technology has enabled corporate managements to make sourcing and location decisions internationally in ways that they could not before.'' To date, there has been no social or political resistance to the globalization of white-collar work, perhaps because the trend is still in its infancy. But analysts say that | The Growth of the Global Office |
188919_0 | LEAD: The French Government has come under sharp domestic attack for failing to criticize Algeria for repression in quelling riots and protests there last week. Some 250 people were reported killed in the clashes. The French Government has come under sharp domestic attack for failing to criticize Algeria for repression in quelling riots and protests there last week. Some 250 people were reported killed in the clashes. French and Algerian scholars, a few conservative politicians and most Parisian newspapers have criticized the Government for being silent about Algeria, a former French colony, when it so often condemns repression elsewhere in the world. ''It is fine to say France is the country of the rights of man,'' said Kemel Alriou, an Algerian who is programming director for a North Africa-oriented radio station in Paris. ''They are quick to criticize Afghanistan, Chile and South Africa, but now there seems to be a consensus on the left and the right not to criticize Algeria's rulers.'' Many writers and political scientists say France is reluctant to criticize Algeria because of the memory of its colonial role before Algeria became independent in 1962. At the time, many political figures who are now members of the French Socialist Government supported Algeria's National Liberation Front, which is now that country's ruling party. Some political commentators here said it might be embarrassing for Socialist officials to condemn Chadli Benjedid, Algeria's President, over his Government's actions in quelling protests. Fundamentalist Threat Dismissed France has sought to maintain close ties to its former colony because of trade and because it wants to keep North Africa in its sphere of influence. ''The French will give reasons of state'' as an explanation for their silence, said Dominique Moisi, associate director of the French Institute for International Relations. ''They fear that if the present regime in Algeria fell, then religious fundamentalists might take power.'' Some political commentators say French politicians worry that their remarks could weaken the Algerian Government in the face of a fundamentalist threat. But critics of the French Government's silence say the demonstrations were for democracy and economic renewal and in no way could be construed as endorsements of Islamic fundamentalism. Several petitions signed by French and Algerian intellectuals have called on the French Government to speak out more. ''Algeria was and remains a case apart,'' wrote Liberation, a leading left-wing daily, in condemning the Government's silence. ''A massacre in | French Government Is Criticized For Failing to Condemn Algeria |
188907_0 | LEAD: CONSERVATIONISTS breeding green iguanas in captivity to replenish the dwindling population of the species in Central America face a quandary: is it better to turn loose the bullies or the more submissive iguanas? CONSERVATIONISTS breeding green iguanas in captivity to replenish the dwindling population of the species in Central America face a quandary: is it better to turn loose the bullies or the more submissive iguanas? The bullies might be more successful at mating, but their cockiness could lead them to expose themselves recklessly to humans, eagles and other predators that savor iguana meat, researchers fear. The submissive iguanas, by contrast, might stay out of sight. A recent series of laboratory experiments has shown that when freshly hatched iguana brothers are placed in a competitive laboratory environment, some quickly assume permanent roles as tyrants and the others are consigned to a deprived underclass. Whether the same hierarchy develops in the wild is not yet known, investigators say. But the researchers are concerned that when more aggressive iguanas are released in the wild, they may, by basking conspicuously on tree branches, be too easily spotted by predators. Iguanas raised in captivity are being marked with tatoos to distinguish the aggressive from the submissive, and future observations of test animals in the wild may settle the issue. There is no obvious explanation for why some male iguana babies become bullies. But the seemingly random differentiation of baby tyrants from their submissive brothers destines the bullies to rule the roost permanently, to mature swiftly and to reduce their subordinated siblings to a stunted growth rate marked by the physiological effects of chronic stress. Such are the conclusions of a study of iguana societies conducted in the last two years by Dr. John A. Phillips, a comparative physiologist at the San Diego Zoo, and his colleagues in the United States and Belize. The investigation was conducted as part of a joint effort by the Belize Government and scientists from the Zoological Society of San Diego to assure the survival of the species Iguana iguana - the herbivorous green iguana of Central America. These lizards, which can reach a length of four and a half feet, are a staple food in Central America, where they are sometimes called ''bamboo chickens.'' Females may lay as many as 50 eggs in a clutch, but many of the unprotected eggs are eaten by small mammals, and newly | For Iguanas, Place in Sun May Be Too Bright |
187241_0 | LEAD: New Zealand, the 132-foot sloop that failed in her challenge for the America's Cup last month, is now in a Cuban port after a gunboat intercepted a ship carrying the yacht from San Diego to New York. New Zealand, the 132-foot sloop that failed in her challenge for the America's Cup last month, is now in a Cuban port after a gunboat intercepted a ship carrying the yacht from San Diego to New York. Ben Justesen, a spokesman for the State Department in Washington, said late yesterday that the ship carrying the yacht had possibly been in Cuban waters and that a Cuban naval vessel had instructed the boat to go into the port of Punto Cayo Malo. ''We feel that after a brief inspection, they will probably be released,'' Justesen said, adding that ''we believe there are eight persons aboard, possibly all Americans.'' A spokesman for the New Zealand syndicate, which raced the yacht in the cup series, said, however, that at least one New Zealander was aboard. It will be ''less than a day surely,'' Justesen said of the delay. If the boat is detained longer, the State Department would expect the Cuba Minister of Foreign Affairs to notify United States interests in Havana. Larry Rigdon, vice president for Zapata Gulf Marine, the company that operated the Tampa Seashore, the vessel carrying New Zealand, said from Houston that the vessel's captain had notified the company of the Cuban intervention. ''We do a lot of towage in that area,'' said Rigdon. ''It's not all that unusual.'' Rigdon said that he was sure the Tampa Seahorse was beyond the 12-mile offshore limit marking territorial waters. Peter Debreceny, a spokesman for the yachting syndicate that sailed the yacht in the cup races, said yesterday from New York that the New Zealand had left San Diego on Sept. 25 aboard the 160-foot Tampa Seashore for its trip through the Panama Canal to the East Coast. ''We don't know why it was arrested,'' said Debreceny. ''And we don't know how long it will be there.'' He said one New Zealand crew member, Matthew Montgomery, was on board the supply vessel to oversee transportation. Debreceny said the New Zealand was due to arrive in New York Sunday and was scheduled to sail in New York Harbor on Oct. 21 as part of a promotional tour for the New Zealand Government. New Zealand is | Cup Yacht Detained by Cuba |
187322_0 | LEAD: The B. F. Goodrich Company is negotiating the sale of its aircraft tire operations to the French tire maker Michelin for undisclosed terms. The companies said their talks included an agreement for aircraft wheel, brake and tire assembly operations, and a license for Michelin to use the Goodrich name and other trademarks relating to aircraft tires. The B. F. Goodrich Company is negotiating the sale of its aircraft tire operations to the French tire maker Michelin for undisclosed terms. The companies said their talks included an agreement for aircraft wheel, brake and tire assembly operations, and a license for Michelin to use the Goodrich name and other trademarks relating to aircraft tires. COMPANY NEWS | Goodrich-Michelin |
189492_1 | freed after spending more than a year in jail. The former Foreign Minister, Clodomiro Almeyda, has been a rallying point for the Chilean opposition since he came home from enforced exile. A5 A town in San Salvador was seized and two powerful car bombs were detonated by leftist rebels in a surge of guerrilla violence that may be part of a long-promised fall offensive. At least 3 people were killed and 15 wounded, three seriously. A3 A conflict in the Yugoslav politburo marked the end of a three-day emergency session of the Yugoslav Communist Central Committee. New policies to pull the country out of its deep economic, political and ethnic crisis were not proposed. A10 Three apartheid foes leave refuge in U.S. consulate A3 North Korean, responding at U.N., sees no imminent thaw A6 A war crimes case stirs France anew A13 NATIONAL A16-25, B8-13 Trying to end the session, Congress struggled to speed up a compromise on the final version of drug legislation. The 100th session has dragged on two weeks longer than leaders had anticipated. A1 New drug approval procedures intended to make new treatments available more quickly to people with life-threatening diseases such as AIDS or cancer were announced by the Food and Drug Administration. A1 ''Happy Birthday'' will be up for sale now that the Sengstack family, which owns Birchtree Ltd., the company that has held the copyright to the song for half a century, has decided to put it up for auction. A1 The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three Americans for their landmark experiment using the first laboratory-made beam of neutrinos, elusive particles that play a fundamental role in the structure of matter. B12 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three West German scientists for research revealing the structure of proteins that are essential to photosynthesis, the chemical reaction on which all higher forms of life depend. B12 Gene-implant tests with humans are delayed B9 POLITICS B10-11 Campaigning in the Midwest, the two candidates have been shadowing each other, hoping that the three big states of Illinois, Ohio and Michigan will all go their way and push them toward the White House. A1 The criteria of PAC officials is changing from ideological concerns to one factor: incumbency. Political action committees prefer to contribute to incumbents because they are already in positions of influence and stand a good chance of being | NEWS SUMMARY |
184101_6 | exclusive dedication to God by virtue of the evangelical counsels: in particular, chastity, poverty and obedience. . . . In this wider context, virginity has to be considered also as a path for women, a path on which they realize their womanhood in a way different from marriage. . . . In calling only men as his Apostles, Christ acted in a completely free and sovereign manner. In doing so, he exercised the same freedom with which, in all his behavior, he emphasized the dignity and the vocation of women, without conforming to the prevailing customs and to the traditions sanctioned by the legislation of the time. Consequently, the assumption that he called men to be apostles in order to conform with the widespread mentality of his times does not at all correspond to Christ's way of acting. . . . Since Christ, in instituting the Eucharist, linked it in such an explicit way to the priestly service of the Apostles, it is legitimate to conclude that he thereby wished to express the relationship between man and woman, between what is ''feminine'' and what is ''masculine.'' A Mutual Trust . . . The moral and spiritual strength of a woman is joined to her awareness that God entrusts the human being to her in a special way. Of course, God entrusts every human being to each and every other human being. But this entrusting concerns women in a special way - precisely by reason of their femininity - and this in a particular way determines their vocation. . . . A woman is strong because of her awareness of this entrusting. . . . This awareness and this fundamental vocation speak to women of the dignity which they receive from God himself, and this makes them ''strong'' and strengthens their vocation. Thus the ''perfect woman'' becomes an irreplaceable support and source of spiritual strength for other people. . . . In our own time, the successes of science and technology make it possible to attain material well-being to a degree hitherto unknown. While this favors some, it pushes others to the edges of society. In this way, unilateral progress can also lead to a gradual loss of sensitivity for man. . . . In this sense our time in particular awaits the manifestation of that ''genius'' which belongs to women, and which can insure sensitivity for human beings in every | Excerpts From John Paul II's Apostolic Letter 'On the Dignity of Women' |
184053_0 | LEAD: Just a year ago, I inspected the scene of the great Black Dragon forest fire, which broke out in May 1987 along the Amur River, the boundary between eastern Siberia and Chinese Manchuria. As I walked in the world left by the fire -every tree, every bush, tuft of grass turned to black - I felt I was walking in a prehistoric forest of a long dead planet. Just a year ago, I inspected the scene of the great Black Dragon forest fire, which broke out in May 1987 along the Amur River, the boundary between eastern Siberia and Chinese Manchuria. As I walked in the world left by the fire -every tree, every bush, tuft of grass turned to black - I felt I was walking in a prehistoric forest of a long dead planet. I could not take a step without a carbonized branch leaving its feathery imprint on my face, hands and clothes. From a helicopter I looked down on the end of the earth: blackness stretching to the horizon. The Black Dragon fire burned about 18 million acres of pristine conifer forest - 10 times more than the Yellowstone National Park fire. It blackened an area as large as New England and destroyed prime timber lands the size of Scotland. In 300 years, China had never experienced such a fire. The true lesson of Yellowstone - it is underlined by the Black Dragon holocaust - is that man does not possess the power to control natural forces so vast as these fires. The Black Dragon fire singulary illuminated this. It ravaged both sides of the Amur, the Chinese and the Soviet. At least 15 million acres burned on the Soviet side (despite glasnost, not a word about it appeared in the Moscow press). It burned three million on the Chinese side. The Russians followed a ''let it burn'' policy; the Chinese fought their fire - mobilizing two armies of regular troops and thousands of forest workers. Along with rain, physical barriers and cessation of the high winds played the major role in extinguishing the fires. As at Yellowstone, very dry weather (a winter of almost no snow, an absence of spring blizzards) and 60 mile an hour winds nullified heroic firefighting efforts. The worst of the Black Dragon fire was in the first hours between 6 P.M., May 7, and 3 A.M., May 8, when | The Breath of the Black Dragon in Russia and China |
184167_0 | LEAD: Prominent American Catholic women were divided today in their initial reaction to the Vatican document on their role. Prominent American Catholic women were divided today in their initial reaction to the Vatican document on their role. An American nun who became prominent in 1979 when she publicly challenged Pope John Paul II on his views on women during his first trip to the United States said the document excluded women from the decision-making process. ''We cannot as women have access to decision making without ordination,'' said the nun, Sister Teresa Kane, past president of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious in the United States. But Kathleen Sullivan, president of the National Catholic Coalition, said: ''I am extremely grateful that the Holy Father has seen fit to issue this. We hope that it is going to calm the turmoil and confusion that is developing by those who give the impression that this is something that can be changed.'' | Disdain and Praise For Vatican Letter |
110193_0 | LEAD: American cities are awash in a tidal wave of hulks - abandoned cars. They could be reducing the tide and making money in the process. Instead, notably in New York, they are sinking. American cities are awash in a tidal wave of hulks - abandoned cars. They could be reducing the tide and making money in the process. Instead, notably in New York, they are sinking. In Boston, the number of dead cars removed from city streets has nearly quadrupled since 1985. Los Angeles and Chicago have seen steep increases. And in New York last year, the Sanitation Department removed 128,733 abandoned vehicles, up from 105,000 in 1986 - and up from 31,000 in 1981. New York City's Sanitation Commissioner, Brendan Sexton, calls the increase a symptom of ''disposable society.'' Parks Commissioner Henry Stern cites a drop in the price of scrap metal. What is known is that the tide of hulks has become overwhelming. The tide could be turned, but New York State bureaucrats stand in the way. Last June, Mayor Koch announced a crackdown. Using a computer link to the state's Department of Motor Vehicles, sanitation agents began tracking plateless hulks to the last registered owner, who can be held liable for fines up to $500. Most cars can be traced using an I.D. number found on the engine block. Sanctions don't apply to owners of stolen cars, one of every six hulks towed in 1987. But so far, the program is a bust. The state's motor vehicle agency insists on interpreting the law narrowly and says it must serve a summons for an abandoned car in person, not by mail. Doing that for 40,000 derelict owners identified so far is highly impractical. To date, fewer than 500 have been made to pay. Many thousands more could be brought in if summonses were served by mail - as are summonses for other sanitation violations. Why hasn't the city's Sanitation Department pressed harder for such a sensible practice? If there is technical legal merit in the state agency's position, then why hasn't it, or the Sanitation Department, sought help from the Legislature? Summonses by mail are not the only remedy. Others promoted by some city officials include legislation to require imposition of the maximum $500 fines in all cases, and a requirement that the D.M.V. be notified of all sales or other disposals of vehicles. Violators could also | PUT LIFE IN DEAD-CAR COLLECTION |
110244_0 | LEAD: An officer who was dismissed for running a British container ship aground stabbed his captain and threw him overboard today, the Coast Guard reported. An officer who was dismissed for running a British container ship aground stabbed his captain and threw him overboard today, the Coast Guard reported. Two Coast Guard cutters intercepted the 400-foot ship Captain Cook, this afternoon about 15 miles southeast of Key West and apprehended the former first officer, Remigio Hernando, 41 years old, of the Philippines, said Petty Officer Gary Starks of the Coast Guard. ''We still don't know if the ship's captain is dead or alive,'' Mr. Starks said. The search at sea was suspended when darkness fell and is to resume Sunday. Mr. Hernando acknowledged that he recently had been dismissed as the ship's first officer because of a piloting error that caused the ship to briefly run aground off the coast of Cuba, said Vince DeLaurentis, captain of the Coast Guard cutter Cape York, on which Mr. Hernando was brought to Key West. The British consulate in Atlanta has requested that Mr. Hernando be deported to Bermuda, the ship's point of origin, Mr. Starks said. Mr. Starks added that when the two Coast Guard cutters reached the Captain Cook, all the crew members were in a single section of the ship trying to stay away from the first officer. The British captain was not identified pending notification of next of kin, Mr. Starks said. | Dismissed Officer Held in Attack on Captain |
110153_10 | quote from Marty Feldstein - must be: only to a very limited extent. Q. But there is also the question of diversion. For example, even though higher growth in Japan or Western Europe might not provide the market for the United States, they could perhaps absorb more exports, say, from the third world countries and, therefore, fewer third world exports would come here. A. All I'm saying is that it's a bit simplistic to imagine that an increase in growth in Europe could solve the American trade problem. It surely could make a contribution. It's not to say that we are against higher growth rates. The thing that sticks in people's minds in Europe, particularly in the Federal Republic, is the locomotive experiment of 1978 (when West Germany stimulated its economy at United States urging) -the quick fix and the hangover they got the next year. What we want is sustained growth. Let me put it this way. The components - and I think you'd likely agree with this - of any surplus or deficit are three - economic policies, the competitiveness of industry and the exchange rate. Now, the exchange rate, we all know, has moved very considerably. It's taking a long time to show effects. I think that's standard. It's been complicated by the fact that the American consumer has developed a taste for foreign goods and a number of foreign exporters have been shaving their margins to maintain their foothold in the American market. Q. What about economic policy? Do you see a danger that if Congress doesn't see solid and steady improvement, it will take matters into its own hands and we will have protectionist curbs on imports rather than expansion of exports? A. I think there are two contradictory influences there. One is the point which Bill Brock [ former United States trade representative and Secretary of Labor in the Reagan Administration ] recently made, and eloquently, that the shock of Oct. 19 is a salutary reminder to us all, not just in the United States, that the Smoot-Hawley road is not a road anyone of us should go down. The other influence is one you've referred to. The danger is the feeling that the trade deficit results essentially from a lot of unfair trading practices by foreigners and Uncle Sam is being too patient and this is the time you should take a two-by-four | U.S. TRADE: TAKING THE LONG VIEW |
110312_0 | LEAD: IF your Christmas gifts did not include carry-on luggage, perhaps your New Year's self-improvement project should be measuring your suitcases and practicing how to pack everything into two bags. IF your Christmas gifts did not include carry-on luggage, perhaps your New Year's self-improvement project should be measuring your suitcases and practicing how to pack everything into two bags. Since Jan. 1, all United States airlines have been working under new rules for carry-on baggage, which say, simply put: Two to a customer. Some items are excluded from the count, but briefcases are not. If the new rules are enforced vigorously, most passengers will be glad, for getting in and out of planes has come to tax one's forbearence. Experience so far indicates that the rules are being enforced. Flight attendants get the last good look at you and while they may smile pleasantly in welcome, among themselves they refer to hugely overpacked garment bags as mobile homes. It was the flight attendants' union that sought tighter rules, and the attendants now have the authority they wanted to get those things out of the cabin and into the cargo hold. Juliette Lenoir, vice president of the union, the Association of Flight Attendants, considers the action part of a process of educating people who have just begun to fly and are accustomed to packing a car or carrying anything they want aboard a bus or train. ''This is a rare occasion when the passengers, the airlines and the flight attendants have become allies,'' Ms. Lenoir said. Model rules were agreed to by the airlines in December and then circulated by the Air Transport Association, a trade group, with the understanding that each airline would present its own version. The airlines were not eager to have the rules take effect over the holidays, but the Government, which announced in June that the new rules would come with the new year, did not permit a delay. It did allow 90 days more for the airlines to polish the language on their individual codes and get their training manuals up to date. Under the model, there are three sets of maximum specifications for carry-on bags, depending on where they are to be stored. For under-seat storage, the dimensions are approximately 9 inches by 14 inches by 22 inches, a total of 45 inches. For storage in an overhead bin, the dimensions are approximately 10 | Practical Traveler; Coping With New Baggage Rules |
110058_13 | tariff on all imported goods and a 10 percent subsidy on all exported goods. Its short-run impact on the trade balance dwarfs anything that can be done to improve productivity.'' But evidence presented at the Brandeis Conference suggests that such standard assumptions have been overtaken by events. Since 1985, a 10 percent decline in the dollar exchange rate in fact does not produce a 10 percent increase in the price of imports. And Germany and Japan have continued to enjoy both strong currencies and trade surpluses precisely because they continue to show impressive gains in productivity. In Germany and Japan a strong currency is the accurate measure of high real wages and a strong economy; in the United States, a steadily weakening currency is the measure of a steadily weakening economy. ACCORDING to the structuralists, like Mr. Thurow and Harvard's Robert Reich, America may well need not only a relatively cheap dollar, but also heroic efforts to improve competitiveness. Their agenda would include a better educated work force, lower capital costs, a reduced public deficit, strategic investment in key industries, and a new marketing outlook appropriate to an open global economy, as well as more effective diplomatic efforts to get Germany and Japan to accept responsibility for overall balance in the trading system. In this view, if America relies only on an ever cheaper currency, and productivity growth continues to lag behind that of major competitors, at some point - perhaps an exchange rate of 50 yen or one Mark to the dollar - our trade accounts will formally balance. But by then America will be a much poorer country. Until lately, most macroeconomists largely wrote off the structuralist view. But the limits of the cheap dollar solution may force the economics profession to put aside the equations and adopt more empirical methods to learn what is inside the black box of actual companies, technologies and marketing strategies. THE RANGE OF PRICE CHANGES Price changes between March 1985 and September 1987, when the dollar fell sharply against most major currencies. Selected Import Prices: China +50.5% Cutlery +40.0% Cameras and apparatus +39.4% Eyeglasses +38.0% Glassware +31.6% Watches and clocks +30.4% Medicines +29.7% Autmobiles +24.5% Oils and perfumes +24.4% Cheese +21.6% Wine +21.2% Furniture +18.6% Footwear +13.6% Apparel +12.7% Toys, games and sporting goods +11.1% Sugar +7.1% Radios +1.4% Fruits and vegetables -2.0% Televisions -3.2% Coffee -21.0% (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics) | The Theory Gap on the Trade Gap |
110358_1 | private outpatient addiction treatment center, said that basuco had the potential of overtaking crack as the most popular street-available drug. Produced in South America, particularly in Colombia, it appears as a wet, sticky, muddy-brown paste. To break down the coca leaf, large quantities of such leaves are placed into pits with gallons of breakdown agents, particularly kerosene and gasoline, Dr. Washton said. ''In South America,'' he said, ''they don't use unleaded gasoline, and so leaded gas is what is used to process the coca leaf. It's instantaneous lead poisoning for anyone who uses it.'' In processing cocaine, chemical additives remove most of the lead and sulfuric-acid content, but this is not so for basuco, Dr. Washton said, adding that the lack of processing reduces the cost to consumers. According to law-enforcement officials, the drug has appeared in limited quantities in northern and southern parts of New Jersey, but local police advisories on its potential danger were issued as early as last January. ''In recent raids here, we have uncovered small amounts of the drug, and we've strengthened undercover operations to purchase more and ultimately identify a supply source,'' said Police Chief Anthony J. Iurato of Hackensack. In addition to Camden County, the police say, the drug has also appeared in limited quantities in Passaic and Hudson Counties in the last nine months. Sgt. Barry Roberson, a spokesman for the State Police, said that law-enforcement officials had been hampered by limited and sometimes conflicting information on the substance, but that the flow of basuco into the state was being monitored through undercover operations. State and county police authorities say that basuco supplies are entering New Jersey primarily from Philadelphia and New York City and that efforts are under way to work with the police in both cities. ''God forbid that we should all wake up tomorrow morning and find that basuco has become the new fad,'' said Capt. William Iurato, head of the Hackensack Police Department's narcotics division, and the chief's brother. Its street names include ''bazooka,'' ''the thing,'' ''diesel,'' ''suzuki'' and ''little devil.'' According to Ronnie Lonoff, director of Fair Oaks Hospital's National Substance Abuse Hot Line (1-800-Cocaine), the hot line has yet to receive a call for basuco abuse. ''We're getting a lot of calls for information on the drug,'' she said, ''but we've not seen any abuse problems - not yet.'' Ms. Lonoff said that the hot line | Police Are Monitoring a New Drug |
110106_0 | LEAD: Attorney General Edwin Meese 3d, under investigation for his stock holdings in the telephone industry, apparently met with top executives of two regional Bell companies while his financial manager held $10,000 worth of his telephone stock. Attorney General Edwin Meese 3d, under investigation for his stock holdings in the telephone industry, apparently met with top executives of two regional Bell companies while his financial manager held $10,000 worth of his telephone stock. The discussions, confirmed Friday by spokesmen for the two companies, Bell Atlantic and BellSouth, took place in December 1985 and January 1986 at the start of a review process that resulted in Mr. Meese's recommending that the regional Bells be allowed to diversify into more lines of business. The recommendation, rejected by the judge overseeing the breakup of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, represented a reversal of Justice Department policy. Mr. Meese's activities in connection with the telecommunications industry in 1985 and 1986 are under criminal investigation by the independent prosecutor James C. McKay as part of an investigation into possible conflicts of interest, according to one of Mr. Meese's attorneys, James Rocap. At the time of both meetings with the Bell executives, Meese's investment manager, W. Franklyn Chinn, was holding 17 shares in each of the seven Bell operating companies for Mr. Meese. In May 1985, Mr. Meese signed an agreement transferring the stock to Mr. Chinn. Mr. Chinn was also an adviser and later a director of the Wedtech Corporation, a military contractor that had been assisted by Mr. Meese in its efforts to win multimillion-dollar Government contracts but is now being reorganized under the Federal bankruptcy law. Three phone calls Friday to Mr. Rocap's office were not returned. But earlier this week Mr. Rocap said Mr. Meese ''has done nothing improper'' in connection with his telephone holdings. | Meese Meetings Are Disclosed |
106978_0 | LEAD: International A2-11 International A2-11 Israeli air strikes in Lebanon killed 21 people and wounded 14, the Lebanese police said. The casualty toll was the highest since a similar attack by Israel four months ago. Page A1 Israel will expel nine Palestinians. The army accused them of instigating the rioting last month in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A1 An island off Japan is vanishing, and Tokyo is spending millions of dollars to conserve it. If the island, Okinotorishima, disappears beneath the Pacific, Japan will lose exclusive fishing and mineral rights to 163,000 square miles of ocean. A1 Eastern bloc economic relations with Moscow are changing as Mikhail S. Gorbachev seeks to create greater economic vigor in Eastern Europe and accords the countries more freedom to experiment. A1 In Paris, campaign finance rules will be proposed later this month, officials in the administration of Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said. The rules would set limits on campaign spending and donations. A3 AIDS warnings through song are being used in Guinea-Bissau. Health workers have tried posters, pamphlets and comic books. But these efforts are of little use in a country where much of the population is illiterate. A2 28 Chilean exiles in Brazil have been occupying the local offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the last four weeks as part of a campaign to obtain political asylum in another country. A7 In Panama, anti-American hostility is being viewed seriously by the United States. Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega is fighting back against increasing American disapproval of his role as head of the Panamanian armed forces. A6 Is Moscow vanguard of kitsch? A3 Cairo journal: Of cars and drivers A4 20 hurt in Bangladesh A5 In Poland, lines, lines, lines A8 Colombia denies vow to U.S. A10 American irks Bonn as an agent for surrogate births A11 Soviet to expand space station A17 National A12-15, A17 The E.P.A. is reassessing risks of many cancer-causing substances it regulates and is finding that some are less dangerous than previously estimated. Such reassessments could lead the agency to loosen restrictions on the use of such chemicals. A1 Gary Hart listed his campaign aims and said that his drive would be directed at convincing voters that he really can govern the country despite the scandal that drove him from the race for seven months. A12 About a million gallons of oil spilled into | NEWS SUMMARY: MONDAY, JANUARY 4, 1988 |
108009_1 | ''We do not want a Europe separated into cells.'' A Symbolic Visit Mr. Honecker's three-day visit to Paris is of considerable symbolic importance, since France shares legal and military responsibility for West Berlin along with the United States and Britain and, like them, officially regards its authority extending to the Soviet ''sector'' of East Berlin as well. The Communists consider East Berlin the legal capital of the German Democratic Republic. The way to France was cleared by Mr. Honecker's landmark visit to West Germany last September and, to a lesser extent, by trips the East German made last year to Belgium and the Netherlands. One of the East German's main long-term foreign policy goals has been to secure international recognition for his country. The timing of the visit, according to several officials and diplomats, was apparently calculated by President Francois Mitterrand to be useful in rallying French Communist voters should he decide to run for a second term in France's presidential election in May. Well-placed Western diplomats said there was little likelihood that Mr. Honecker would soon be invited to Britain or the United States. In his public remarks to his German visitor, Mr. Mitterrand, a Socialist, did not mention the Berlin wall. But according to French officials, he rebuffed a recent proposal by Mr. Honecker that NATO and the Warsaw Pact should abandon the modernization of short-range nuclear missiles, which have a range of 300 miles or less. Missiles Being Replaced France is in the process of replacing its aging Pluton missile with a longer range successor called the Hades, which will come into operation about 1992 with an ability to strike targets some 210 miles away. But Mr. Mitterrand, according to aides, told Mr. Honecker that French nuclear doctrine did not consider such missiles to be tactical but strategic, and that they could not be included in any freeze. Mr. Mitterrand also reportedly reaffirmed the French view that it was necessary to concentrate first on the reduction of the superpowers' strategic missile arsenals - as well as chemical and conventional forces - before considering short-range missiles. This position is shared by Britain and the United States. At a banquet Thursday night, Mr. Mitterrand stressed that France had ''profound'' and ''solid'' ties with West Germany but said it wished ''to perfect its reconciliation with all the Germans, and also wants to pursue the dialogue with the German Democratic Republic.'' | France Criticizes East German Chief on Arms |
106460_4 | of Mr. Johnson and Mr. Burgee's work, the reality is not so much startling as banal. The building looks dreadful at close range - its outdoor plaza and winter garden are cold and uninviting and the glass skin of the tower has a crude, chilling kind of glitter to it. Where the building actually works is from a distance - its shape on the skyline is really quite elegant, and it has a sumptuousness to it that brings just the right degree of movement and energy to the skyline. How dreadful to have a building that looks worse the closer you get to it! The real problem here is not the idea of knocking off the Houses of Parliament per se - that is pretty harmless. It is the insistence on doing it in glass, which ultimately turns out to be glib and hollow. Gothic architecture developed as a language of stone for a reason, and it was more than the fact that people had not yet figured out how to make towers of glass. The real reason is that stone's properties actually shaped Gothic architecture - it is an architectural language of texture and detail on a small scale as well as a style of awesome engineering feats. To try to recapture the essence of Gothic architecture with thin, reflective glass is like trying to build a quaint Cape Cod cottage out of stainless steel instead of shingles. But the layout of the entire PPG Place complex, failure though it may be, attempts to respond to the important qualities of Pittsburgh. The various low wings that flank the tower do weave into the cityscape, connecting this large building to the smaller structures around it and acknowledging that a large tower is not an isolated element in a city, but a larger element that must tie itself to smaller ones to make any sense. So someone here did have some sense of Pittsburgh, however faint; the strength of this city got through, but just not enough. Much more successful, if not as spectacular visually, is the new CNG Tower just now complete. The work of William Pedersen and Bob Evans of Kohn Pedersen Fox, this is a highly complex building on a site that, in true Pittsburgh form, is itself highly complex. Not only is the CNG Tower surrounded by several distinguished smaller, older buildings, but it is located on | A Tempered Skyline Strengthens a City of Steel |
106685_0 | LEAD: Special reports in this issue include: Special reports in this issue include: * How the need for credentials is bringing more adults back to college. * Where government executives go for a mid-life crisis course. * Why many students delay college for a 13th-year hiatus. * How colleges are coping with a severe housing shortage. * What to do to encourage children to write - and like it. | Special Today: Education Life/Section 12 |
106737_4 | by the charade of evenhanded ''objectivity'' and thereby to accelerate the trend. ''Objectivity'' is in fact coercive, a bludgeon. That most users expect dictionaries to provide them with normative usage is acknowledged by Mr. Flexner; but the expectation, it seems, is an atavistic weakness of which the user must be cured. What follows? Surely, that the lexicographer's descriptive practice, combined with the user's prescriptive expectations, must inevitably make the present appalling plunge of English toward sloppiness, vulgar chic and desperate imprecision more and more precipitate. If present usage is increasingly barbarous, why should this barbarism be embalmed and hailed by lexicographers? That contemporary American English is exuberantly vigorous is undeniable; who seriously doubts that change is inevitable and often desirable? No sensible speaker of English, not even advocates of ''correct usage,'' would approve of freezing the language as the absolutist French Academy did to French. But any and all change? That language cannot deteriorate - in lucidity, expressive power and richness -seems, however, to be the bumptiously optimistic credo of this dictionary. ''As long as there are living speakers and writers of English,'' its essay on usage concludes, ''and today there are hundreds of millions . . . English will remain alive and well.'' That is pernicious drivel. Culturally, quantification is too often ruthlessly destructive of quality. Linguistically, for instance, archaic and classical Greek was superior to the widely diffused Greek of the Hellenistic period, not because it was purer but because it was richer, subtler, more expressive. That English is alive and kicking is abundantly evident in this dictionary's record of our demotic practice; that it is well (in top expressive shape) is anything but evident. The slippage of meaning and the explosion of cliche, buzzwords and phrases and the cant of the half-educated show all too clearly that those writers who struggled so hard ''to purify the language of the tribe'' may have labored in vain. Surely there is good reason for retaining, not vacuously dissolving, the difference between ''tortuous'' and ''torturous,'' ''precipitous'' and ''precipitate,'' ''populist'' and ''egalitarian,'' ''nauseated'' and ''nauseous,'' ''sanitarium'' and ''sanatorium.'' Why have different words if they all mean the same thing? IF a record of actual usage is what users really want, then this descriptive dictionary is the logical choice. If, as I think, its true predecessor is not the Random House first edition but Webster's Third, it represents a genuine advance. Usage categories | LATE-BREAKING NEWS ON THE WORDS WE USE |
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