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155047_2 | for the ash, which is far more voluminous and toxic than it would be if we had separated out the noncombustible and hazardous wastes before burning. The ash has to go somewhere. The consensus seems to be that it will go out of state and we'll be paying a premium for the privilege of sending it there. I wonder where this mythical ''out-of-state'' place is, where there are no citizens' groups to hold their zoning boards accountable for a decision to permit something that could foul their water and their health in the future. Much has been written recently about the Japanese waste-handling methods - their comprehensive separation in their homes of combustibles from noncombustibles, their careful handling of incinerator ash by adding cement and water to it in order to be able to compress it into solid pellets before sending it to lined landfills and their beautification of their incinerators and processing centers for recycled materials, to they bring schoolchildren as part of their education in preparation for a lifetime of careful waste management. The time is at hand when we should follow their example, at least on the first two of these methods. Every town should hire recycling coordinators to get a handle on implementation of the recycling law now instead of waiting until 1991. The Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority should focus on finding markets for recycled materials. Appropriate state government agencies should bend every effort to encourage businesses that use these materials to locate in Connecticut because we'll soon have plenty of raw material in the form of recycled plastic, glass, metal, rubber and so forth. Steps should be taken immediately to see if an ash-pelletizing process can be added onto the incinerators operating now, and plans should be included to add this to all incinerators now on the drawing boards. One nightmare that must be avoided because of the complexity of the process is returning each town's share of ash to them for storage until a regional ash-disposal landfill miraculously appears. On the other hand, there would be a no more dramatic way to push municipalities into devising and enforcing crash programs in waste reduction. After all, when your plumbing backs up, you stop flushing the toilet until it's fixed. We have swept this problem under the rug for so long that we have left ourselves little room to maneuver, and no choices that are easy | Education Is the Key To Waste Solution |
155164_0 | LEAD: FROM here in the Irish Republic, Northern Ireland can sometimes seem a place more of relentless torpor than Yeatsian gyre. It can seem to drift alone as a British-ruled jurisdiction ever more frustrating though far from foreign, where the violence suffered and delivered by fellow Irishmen just across the border threatens to serve as a numbing buffer rather than a prod to consciences here in the south. FROM here in the Irish Republic, Northern Ireland can sometimes seem a place more of relentless torpor than Yeatsian gyre. It can seem to drift alone as a British-ruled jurisdiction ever more frustrating though far from foreign, where the violence suffered and delivered by fellow Irishmen just across the border threatens to serve as a numbing buffer rather than a prod to consciences here in the south. When the news came of the Irish Republican Army's overnight killing Wednesday of six British soldiers who were off duty at a charity race in Lisburn, 100 miles away in the North, Dubliners registered some shock and surprise. But their noontime chatter in the pubs was not about this latest variation on the bloody Northern routine but on the unusual success of the Irish soccer team in the European championships. Opinion polls here regularly measure the greater, more proximate priorities of the republic's failed economy and the renewed emigration of its young rather than the sufferings of nationalist Roman Catholic soulmates in the North. An I.R.A. bombing hardly alters this trend, although an ordeal or protest can occasionally re-stoke the old fires and demand fresh passion. A seasoned Irish politician like Prime Minister Charles J. Haughey intuitively knows when to drum the Northern issue and when to ease up. Lately he has had to ease up from a rather ballyhooed attempt at dialogue with the Irish republicans' ultimate antagonists, the naysaying political leaders of the loyalist Protestant majority in the North. For several weeks, Mr. Haughey had articulated a vague but hopeful sounding hint that he was pursuing ''talks about talks'' with them to seek a way around their opposition to the 1985 Anglo-Irish agreement. This pact between London and Dublin effectively dealt elected loyalist leaders out of the Northern Irish power mix until they agree to the politics of compromise as a means of assuring the nationalist Catholic minority that they will be permitted a fair voice in provincial affairs. Saying no to compromise | As Soldiers Die, Talk of Compromise Is Stillborn |
154506_3 | the 1960's, bar childhood and teen-age marriages and make it more difficult for a man to divorce his wife arbitrarily or to acquire a second wife. Both Pakistan's clergy and the Islamic Party, the country's most powerful religious-oriented political organization, had also backed the legislation and even won a promise from Prime Minister Junejo to push it through. They contend that only Islam can govern such family practices as divorce and polygamy. The latest steps do not in themselves dictate a subordinate role for women, and they would not prevent Benazir Bhutto, the most popular Pakistani opposition leader, from campaigning for office. But politicians agree that the issue is a sensitive and difficult one for her. Miss Bhutto has frequently criticized the Islamization program, but some women's groups say she has shied away from the issue, not wanting to be overly identified as a feminist. Although she is Western-educated, she entered into an arranged marriage last year in keeping with Islamic custom, noting that as a Pakistani woman and a public figure it would be unacceptable for her to date anyone. Others Also Resist Islamization The problem was that women were not the only ones to resist the idea of a court of Islamic scholars having the final say on Pakistan's laws. Mr. Khan said many members of Parliament were also uncomfortable in principle with ceding such authority to the clergy or anyone else. ''We tried to reach a consensus on the bill between the clergy and the women's groups,'' he said. ''We failed in our efforts. You know, women in this country do have equal rights and cannot be ignored.'' The new debate is shadowed by a widespread fear that imposing a uniform Islamic code could deepen divisions and spur violence among Pakistan's various Moslem sects. On the other hand, there is a broadly shared feeling that large parts of Islamization have been little more than cosmetic. For instance, in the years following General Zia's seizure of power in a 1977 coup, much publicity was generated by his proposals for such ''Islamic punishments'' as cutting off the hand. Laws, but No Enforcement The laws went on the books, but no one's hand has been cut off, in part because doctors have refused to perform the operations. One woman convicted of adultery has been sentenced to be stoned, but the case is being appealed and many doubt she will ever | Pakistani Women Take Lead In Drive Against Islamization |
151061_1 | appear on page 35. 1. This year-old carp is part of a fish story of amazing dimensions. What happened? 2. Although President Reagan and Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the Soviet leader, achieved little progress on central arms control issues at the summit meeting in Moscow, each fulfilled a hidden agenda. What did each accomplish? 3. Business was boffo on Broadway this year, with both attendance and box-office receipts higher than 1986-1987. But one aspect of the current season has some theater people worried. What is it? 4. The Reagan Administration sharply opposes the measures advocated by the head of President Reagan's AIDS commission to combat ''the most significant obstacle to progress in controlling the epidemic.'' Identify the obstacle and the measures. 5. For baseball trivia buffs, let the record show that ''Aleksei Koshevoy'' is the correct answer. What is the question? 6. According to American diplomats and officials, what was the underlying reason for the failure of the United States to persuade Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega to step down as leader of Panama? 7. Longtime allies in the animal conservation movement are involved in a bitter dispute over giant pandas. What is at issue? 8. A Pentagon plan to build an experimental rocket that would be launched from an airplane has stirred concern on Capitol Hill. What is the reason? 9. Jim Abbott, a left-handed pitcher, was the eighth player selected in the first round of the baseball draft. Why was that noteworthy? 10. Vice President Bush scorned two prominent Republicans as part of a new campaign strategy. What was at issue? 11. ''What is a winery?'' will be the question raised at a public hearing next month in the Napa Valley of California. Why is it being asked? 12. A cultural experiment has begun at a new Toyko theater, built as a tribute to ''the most popular playwright in Japan.'' What theater is it and what is happening there? 13. Many high school students in the Soviet Union were delighted beneficiaries of glasnost, the new policy of openness. What happened? 14. Yellow was more evident than usual at the Indianapolis 500. What happened and what effect did that have on the race? 15. The prices of office towers, which had been soaring, have leveled off in recent months, while prices of commercial real estate in smaller cities have begun to rise. What is the reason, according to real estate experts? | SATURDAY NEWS QUIZ |
150827_4 | paralleled the special inspection of all Eastern planes at airport ramps. Secretary Burnley said that the labor-management problems reported by this group ''do raise concerns about Eastern's ability to comply in a full and satisfactory way with our safety requirements.'' Mr. Burnley did note, however, that the current management of the airline was ''taking numerous actions to address what the F.A.A. Barlow team calls a 'corporate cultural problem which adversely affects the ability of senior management to bring about rapid changes in attitudes.' '' T. Allan McArtor, head of the F.A.A., in forwarding the Barlow report to Mr. Burnley, wrote: ''Management and employees alike exhibited a long-held deep feeling of internal distrust and a near total lack of constructive communication between the two groups. Both sides have stated that they are 'at war.' '' ''I concur,'' Mr. McArtor added, ''with the executive team's conclusion that 'in a company so divided, the risk is increased that the labor-management discord will, at some time, either through inattention or by design, have an adverse impact on the public safety. The concern of the team is that the tensions are increasing with little evidence that any of the parties are genuinely working to change the present course.' '' Mr. McArtor noted in his letter that each of the inspections of Eastern's 280 planes had taken 25 to 45 minutes. He said an inspection had consisted of a look at the inside and the outside, a review of the maintenance log book and an examination of the flight crew's certificates. ''Ramp inspections are not conclusive of the aircraft's airworthiness,'' he added, ''but rather do provide important indicators of the health of the carrier's fleet.'' Appearing at the Transportation Department news conference with Mr. Burnley and Mr. Brock, the F.A.A. chief said each Eastern plane had been inspected at least once, for a total of 1,542 inspections. In 103 cases, 7 percent of the total, Eastern ''voluntarily removed an aircraft from service because of an apparent discrepancy between the condition of the aircraft and the required standards,'' he said. A little more than one-third of the cases involved a fuel, hydraulic or engine oil leak. Mr. McArtor said the inspections would be followed up by random checks of planes on which discrepancies had been found, to make sure that corrective action is taken. He said too that the F.A.A. would continue its heightened surveillance of Eastern. | EASTERN AIRLINES AND CONTINENTAL ARE TERMED SAFE |
150858_3 | of New Iberia, 25 miles west of here, that has been aiding southern Louisiana's poor for 19 years. The price support program that has helped speed mechanization is a subject of debate in Washington this year, as in most others, among consumer groups, farmers and lawmakers. Senator Bill Bradley, Democrat of New Jersey, is the most recent of several lawmakers who have introduced legislation to lower the price of sugar and substantially increase import quotas. But the debate has not turned to the needs of the industry's workers. Support Price of 21 Cents The current Federal program, which took effect in 1982, assures that growers will be paid a support price of around 21 cents a pound. Unlike the price support programs for other crops, the sugar program is operated at no cost to the Treasury. The Department of Agriculture makes certain a costly surplus does not develop by restricting imports with stringent quotas. This year imports will total 758,000 tons, the lowest level in a century and only one-quarter of the 1984 quota. Representatives of the 13,000 farmers who grow sugar cane or sugar beet in Louisiana and 20 other states say that without the program, the domestic industry would be unable to compete with European sugar beet farmers, who receive even higher subsidies. Consumer groups, meanwile, blame the program for artificially raising the price of unrefined sugar in the United States to three times the world market price. Foreign nations that export sugar, including the Philippines and the Dominican Republic, also decry the program. But there is no decrying it here. Price supports have enabled Ronald Gonsoulin, a 40-year-old farmer in New Iberia, to aggressively expand his family's sugar operations by leasing land. Mr. Gonsoulin and two brothers are farming 2,100 acres of sugar this year, 300 acres more than last year. In Abbeville, the program has helped Edward Zenon and his three sons operate one of the most successful black family farms in the country. In their immaculate equipment shed, brand-new tractors are parked alongside gleaming trucks. Two Exceptional Farms Farms like those operated by Mr. Zenon and Mr. Gonsoulin now employ full-time staffs of workers paid weekly salaries and offered incentives like vacations, medical insurance and, in the case of Mr. Gonsoulin's farm, retirement benefits. Such arrangements, a sharp departure from those of plantation culture, have resulted from the rising cost and sophistication of machinery and | Thousands of Sugar Workers Reap Bitter Harvest |
150857_3 | to develop a building on the Coliseum site. If the lower court's decision is upheld, the city will have to begin the process of evaluating proposals for Columbus Circle anew, and Boston Properties would then be no more than another entrant in another round of competition. So this new design can probably best be viewed as a kind of pre-emptive strike in the battle that New York City development so often resembles, an attempt to put the controversial project in a favorable light by presenting a more palatable scheme before the appeals process has time to work its way through the courts. If the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill design is popular, Boston Properties executives have reasoned, then the civic and community groups that objected to the earlier project may well drop their legal challenges to it, and the development company and the city can negotiate a new deal and move ahead. Should this occur, the process may yield a building that is still smaller. For while the new design is somewhat less bulky than the earlier project, and about 75 feet shorter, it is still large - especially massive when viewed from street level, and large enough so that one presumes the developer has built in an ample amount of extra bulk to assure negotiating room with the project's opponents. Towers of Varying Heights That said, however, it is important to note that not the least of the virtues of this new design is that it appears far less bulky than it is, at least on the skyline if not at street level. Mr. Childs has performed an impressive act of urban design - by breaking up the project into several towers rising from a common base, the effect of the structure on the skyline is reduced considerably. It is hardly modest -but it no longer seems a gross intrusion on the cityscape. The building's shape is complex, but subtly and intelligently wrought. It would rise from an 85-foot high base that would contain a central rotunda and be curved to reflect the shape of Columbus Circle. The rest of the project would consist of towers of varying heights clustered so that the whole building would appear almost like a miniature skyline in itself. The tallest towers, which would be 850 feet high at their highest point, would be slender and placed symmetrically to frame the view westward from Central | Trying to Calm a Storm With a New Skyscraper |
152432_1 | Nations Population Fund warns that within 12 years, developing countries will have to increase their capacity to provide social services by 65 percent just to maintain present living conditions. It says many governments even now cannot cope with the huge demand for jobs, housing, education and other services brought on by the population shift from rural to urban areas. Nonetheless, the migration continues. The urban population of the developing world quadrupled from 1950 to 1985, the report says, growing from 286 million to 1.14 billion. Over the same period, the industrialized world's urban population nearly doubled, to 838 million from 477 million. The population of Nairobi, Kenya's capital, grew 600 percent between 1950 and 1979. Currently a city of 1.5 million to 2 million people, Nairobi faces a struggle to provide services for six million people by the turn of the century. Kenya's population growth rate of just under 4 percent annually is the world's highest and enough to double the country's citizenry in 18 years. The problem of widespread unemployment and its political effects are of particular concern to Government officials here and elsewhere on the African continent, where overall population growth has been running over 3 percent a year for two decades now. New Class of Malcontents Close to 50 percent of Kenya's people are 15 or younger. As they leave school with no job prospects and are pulled by the magnet of the cities, some population analysts suggest, they will become members of a growing malcontented class that could direct their anger at the wealthy, landed elite of cabinet members, political party leaders and senior civil servants. ''Somehow, urban slum communities have been left out of the development process, even though by the year 2000, 50 percent of the world's population is expected to be living in urban centers,'' said Michael Heyn, deputy representative of the United Nations Population Fund in Nairobi. ''There has been a reluctance on the part of some governments to undertake major programs for these communities because they have sought to keep people in rural areas and build opportunities for them there, rather than encourage them to come to cities,'' he said. ''But you can't reverse this trend, at least not in the immediate future. So one has to accept this reality and look for ways to improve the lives of these people, help them deal with their family size, and improve their | Nairobi Slum: Urbanization As a Cancer |
157324_1 | rushing ahead for political reasons. ''The Republicans want to be able to point to eradication when they're asked 'What have you done about drugs?' '' said Francisco Palacio Rodriguez, the Latin American representative for Greenpeace, the environmental group. ''But I say that we shouldn't ignore essential testing just because it's an electoral year in the United States.'' Maker Disagrees In fact, the State Department, the Agriculture Department and the Environmental Protection Agency have already disagreed over the use of the herbicide against coca, and Eli Lilly & Company of Indianapolis, which manufactures Spike, announced last month that because of ''a number of practical and policy considerations'' it will not supply the chemical to the United States Government for use in coca eradication. In Peru, the Social Democratic Government of President Alan Garcia, reportedly anxious to use the drug issue to improve its relations with Washington, has indicated that it is willing to move toward chemical eradication of coca if it is convinced that the herbicide is not harmful to other plants, animals and human beings. Officials in Bolivia, which with Peru accounts for more than 90 percent of the world's coca leaf production, have said that the nation will not act as ''a guinea pig'' for experimentation with toxic herbicides. Opposition to the program is also beginning to grow in political, journalistic and ecological circles. The United States, apparently still convinced that it is easier to cut off supply than to curb demand for cocaine, has sought to reassure Peruvian public opinion of Spike's low toxicity. ''It is less toxic than aspirin, nicotine and nitrate fertilizers,'' said Ann B. Wrobleski, Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics Matters. Environmental advocates disagree. They say the use of the herbicide is at best a dangerous ecological gamble, particularly in a fragile environment like the coca-growing areas, They say they are particularly concerned about the herbicide's long-range effects. At the same time, responding to expressions of concern about the impact of Spike on the subtropical environment of the Upper Huallaga Valley, the United States Embassy in Lima is trying to draw local attention to the widespread deforestation, land erosion and poisoning of rivers already taking place there as a result of coca planting and processing. The valley stretches north of this city, which lies 230 miles northeast of Lima. Waterways Called Polluted ''Entire ecosystems are being destroyed by coca plantations,'' said Claudio Saito, | In War on Coca, U.S. Weapon Is Bogged Down in a Dispute |
157298_0 | LEAD: Sugar prices hit five-year highs in London today, bolstered by drought in the United States and supply problems in the Caribbean area. Sugar prices hit five-year highs in London today, bolstered by drought in the United States and supply problems in the Caribbean area. The price of raw sugar for delivery in October rose to 11.71 cents a pound from Friday's 11.05 cents. Cuba's difficulties in exporting sugar as a result of heavy rains were a major market factor, dealers said. Mexico and the Dominican Republic are having similar problems. America's sugar beet crop in the parched Midwest could be as much as 500,000 to 600,000 tons below the 1987-88 record harvest of 3.58 million tons, London analysts said. | London Sugar At 5-Year High |
157261_1 | consulting firms, compared with 19 percent the year before. The median starting salary was $65,000 a year, about $500 above the previous year's level. McKinsey & Company hired 16 Stanford M.B.A.'s, followed by Bain & Company, which took a dozen. Booz Allen & Hamilton hired eight and the Boston Consulting Group six. Ms. Meyer said that members of the class were an average of 30 years of age and that about 10 percent had not found jobs. ''My impression about the 35 students who did not report taking jobs is that they are very confident about their ability to find jobs,'' she said. ''Many planned long vacations. A lot want to work in the Bay Area, with electronics and other high-tech firms. A few plan to start their own businesses.'' As for first-year students who need another year to obtain their M.B.A.'s, she believes that more are taking summer jobs in marketing than was the case a year ago. ''Many companies want students who can complete a project during the summer,'' she said, adding that she believed the number of summer investment banking internships was down sharply. Duke University's Fuqua School of Business reported that this year's 239 graduates also tended to shun investment banking. Such firms attracted only 5 percent of the graduating class, down from 10 percent last year. In addition, only 22 percent joined commercial banks, compared with 25 percent in 1987. About 46 percent of the graduating class chose jobs in manufacturing industries, up from 36 percent last year. Management consulting firms recruited 16 percent of the students, an increase from 9 percent in 1987. But old interests and new curiosity never die. Duke's business school also reported that 19 percent of the 250 M.B.A. students in the class of 1989 accepted summer internships with investment banking firms, more than double the number last year, an indication that students are probing job possibilities in this high-salaried but temporarily less attractive area. The demand in Wall Street for high-level executives remains high. Opportunities exist in jobs paying $150,000 salaries and much more in year-end bonuses. Barry Nathanson, president of Richards Consultants, a management recruiting firm, last week reported a strong demand for specialists in mergers and acquisitions at Wall Street firms. ''Even after the Oct. 19 stock market crash, mergers and acquisitions still remain an important area in investment banking,'' Mr. Nathanson said. ''People experienced in leveraged | Careers; Less M.B.A. Interest in Wall St. Seen |
155806_3 | in the context of non-inflationary growth. Efforts in those directons, including continued reduction of budgetary deficits, will continue. We need to maintain vigilance against any resurgence of inflation. The exchange rate changes in the past three years, especially the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen and the major European currencies, have played a major role in the adjustment of real trade balances. We endorse the Group of Seven's conclusion that either excessive fluctuation of exchange rates, a further decline of the dollar, or a rise in the dollar to an extent that becomes destabilizing to the adjustment process, could be counterproductive by damaging growth prospects in the world economy. Structural Reforms International cooperation involves more than coordination of macroeconomic policies. Structural reforms complement macroeconomic policies, enhance their effectiveness, and provide the basis for more robust growth. We shall collectively review our progress on structural reforms and shall strive to integrate structural policies into our economic coordination process. We will continue to pursue structural reforms by removing barriers, unnecessary controls and regulations; increasing competition, while mitigating adverse effects on social groups or regions; removing disincentives to work, save and invest, such as through tax reform; and by improving education and training. One of the major structural problems in both developed and developing countries is in the field of agricultural policies. It is essential that recent significant policy reform efforts undertaken by a number of parties be continued through further positive action by all summit participants. More market-oriented agricultural policies should assist in the achievement of important objectives such as preserving rural areas and family farming, raising quality standards and protecting the environment. We welcome the O.E.C.D.'s increased emphasis on structural adjustment and development in the rural economy. Financial and technological innovations are rapidly integrating financial markets internationally, contributing to a better allocation of capital but also increasing the speed and extent to which disturbances in one country may be transmitted to other countries. We will continue to cooperate with other countries in the examination of the functioning of the global financial system, including securities markets. Multilateral Trading System-Uruguay Round A successful Uruguay Round will assure the integrity of an open, predictable multilateral trading system based on clear rules and will lead to trade expansion and enhanced economic growth. At Punta del Este, ministers committed themselves to further trade liberalization across the wide range of goods and services, including | Excerpts From Economic Declaration Issued at End of Summit Conference |
155714_3 | least fat (26 to 30 percent of total calories) are Aunt Jemima Coffee Cake mix, Betty Crocker Applesauce Raisin Snackin' cake mix, Pepperidge Farm carrot walnut muffins, Weight Watchers strawberry cheesecake and Weight Watchers pound cake with blueberry topping. An American Voice In recent months, Americans have won French sommelier contests and culinary competitions. Now Patricia Wells, the American author of ''A Food Lover's Guide to Paris'' and ''A Food Lover's Guide to France,'' both published by Workman Publishing, has been named restaurant critic for L'Express, France's equivalent of Time magazine. She will begin reviewing restaurants all over France in the fall. The magazine has not had a regular reviewer for almost three years. A Prosciutto Tasting Last week, the New York chapter of the Chaine des Rotisseurs, the international gastronomic society, held a comparative tasting of nine brands of prosciutto available in this country. Although the Agriculture Department's ban on Italian prosciutto was rescinded last year, as yet no Italian prosciutto has met the department's standards and been imported. The tasting was an informal one, but the consensus appeared to favor two brands imported from Switzerland: San Pietro and Grischuna. Of the domestic brands, Fiorucci and, to a lesser degree, Citterio, appealed to the tasters. The prosciutto made especially for Balducci's, 424 Avenue of the Americas (Ninth Street), and cured with a rubbing of olive oil and spices, and the ham made by Salumeria di Biellese were both pleasantly mild but with an uncharacteristic pepperiness. The other brands in the tasting were Volpe, Hormel and Colombo (imported from Canada). And Now, the Seedless Watermelon THE first company to market seedless red table grapes, Sun World International of Indio, Calif., has now introduced a seedless watermelon. The sterile result of crossing two seeded varieties, it was developed 50 years ago but did not interest commercial growers until recently. Sun World is growing seedless watermelons in California, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, Florida and Maryland, and is distributing them nationwide. The melons are round and weigh 15 to 18 pounds. The deep pink flesh is easy to scoop into balls or to cut into cubes for salads. (Occasionally there is a tiny white seed or two.) But convenience comes at a price. The melons are 49 cents a pound in Pathmark supermarkets in the New York area, about twice the price of regular watermelons. And seedless watermelons aren't much fun at a picnic. | Food Notes |
155866_0 | LEAD: Genentech Inc. said today that it had received a broad patent for purified tissue plasminogen activator, or TPA, a drug that is becoming the first major product made with genetic engineering. Genentech Inc. said today that it had received a broad patent for purified tissue plasminogen activator, or TPA, a drug that is becoming the first major product made with genetic engineering. The patent could help Genentech stave off competition from many other companies that are seeking to develop and market TPA, which is used to break up blood clots in heart attack victims. Lawsuit Is Filed After receiving its patent, Genentech immediately filed a lawsuit in United States District Court in Wilmington, Del., against a team of companies that is closest to reaching the market with its own TPA drug. The team is composed of Burroughs Wellcome Inc., the United States subsidiary of the Wellcome Foundation Ltd. of Britain, and Genetics Institute Inc., a biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Mass. TPA is Genentech's crown jewel and because of it, Genentech seems on its way to becoming the first biotechnology company to grow into a major pharmaceutical concern. F.D.A. Approval in November The drug, sold by Genentech under the name of Activase, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November and is expected to account for about $200 million in sales this year, although analysts have been reducing their estimates somewhat. The patent was actually issued to Innovi, a Belgian company that handles patenting for the University of Leuven. Genentech holds the exclusive United States license for the patent. Dr. Desire Collen, a professor at the university, isolated and purified TPA, which is produced naturally by the body in minute quantities. Genentech used its genetic-engineering technology to alter animal ovary cells to produce the substance in large enough quantities to be sold as a drug. Shares Up to $27.50 Genentech, which is based in San Francisco, said that the patent covered purified TPA, regardless of how it is produced. Questions still abound regarding what that will mean for Genentech, whose shares rose $1.125 today, to $27.50, on the New York Stock Exchange. Denise Gilbert, a biotechnology analyst for Montgomery Securities in San Francisco, said that many companies working on TPA, including such giants as Monsanto and Eli Lilly, were focusing on so-called second-generation products. These involve changing the body's natural protein to improve it. It is unclear | Genentech Gets Patent For Drug for Blood Clots |
168423_1 | resulting from vague and unsubstantiated rumors about his mental health. The issue of the Massachusetts Governor's medical past was given further prominence Wednesday when President Reagan referred to him as an ''invalid.'' The President later apologized, terming the comment a joke that had not worked. Asked today why he was releasing the statement, Mr. Bush said, ''Because I was asked to, because I've done it in the past.'' 'Substantive Issues' Addressed Dr. Savage said the letter addressed ''all substantive issues'' concerning Mr. Bush's health. The conclusions were based on the Vice President's most recent physical examination in May 1988, a study of his health records dating back to 1967 and documents provided by Dr. Edward Lillo Crain Jr., who was Mr. Bush's physician for several years while he lived in Houston. ''At age 64, you stand 6 feet and 2 inches tall and weigh approximately 200 pounds,'' Dr. Savage said of Mr. Bush. ''You remain a vigorous athlete. Your ability to complete a packed official and political schedule outdistances fit men and women half your age.'' According to Dr. Savage, Mr. Bush's ''most bothersome'' clinical problem is mild osteoarthritis. Occasionally, he said, Mr. Bush has mild bursitis of the thigh. But minimizing both ailments, Dr. Savage said that the Vice President's symptoms ''are currently well controlled with infrequent use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent'' that does not cause gastrointestinal side effects. ''More importantly, you wear well padded athletic shoes, warm up properly and seek out good running surfaces,'' he said of Mr. Bush, who jogs several miles about three or four times a week. ''Using these measures, your symptoms have decreased in the last two years to the level of an occasional, minor aggravation.'' Dr. Savage, who is a doctor in the Navy assigned to the White House, said that Mr. Bush has also received regular vaccinations for a bee sting allergy since 1983 and that it may be discontinued in one or two years pending the results of further testing and ongoing research. In addition, he said that the Vice President has for many years experienced an asymptomatic, high-frequency hearing loss, which he attributed to Mr. Bush's frequent exposure to loud engine noise that started when he was a Navy bomber pilot in World War II. The Vice President does not wear a hearing aid. ''With attention to hearing conservation measures, you current hearing function should remain fully satisfactory | Doctor Describes Bush As 'Active and Healthy' |
168411_3 | them to sign a sheaf of papers.'' Federal and state reports have found that many of the schools offer little meaningful training or job placement. Instead they make money by taking students incapable of doing the required work, keeping them long enough to collect a share of government tuition payments and leaving the most naive ones responsible for paying back large Government-guaranteed loans. Often, through combinations of Federal and state student tuition grants, perhaps with a federally backed student loan, there is virtually no out-of-pocket cost for the students as long as they are in the programs. Those students whose Federal and state grants do not cover the entire cost of tutition are often advised by the schools to take out federally guaranteed student loans. Those who drop out of the schools or do not obtain jobs after graduation are often left with large debts they cannot pay. Certainly some of the trade and business schools have solid reputations for training students well and placing them in jobs, particularly as the nation's demand for skilled office and other service workers has grown. Carolyn Palzer, executive director of the New York State Association of Career Schools, said her industry, with few exceptions, was doing an excellent job and would benefit from the new welfare legislation because ''we have a long history of good service to disadvantaged populations.'' The association, which represents 90 business, trade and technical schools, commissioned a recent survey of 1,197 graduates that found 74 percent rated their experience as excellent or good. The survey found that 65 percent of the graduates had family incomes of under $15,000. Of the graduates, 48 percent were black and 25 percent Hispanic students. Fresh Vein of Clients Not only will the welfare measure passed by the House and Senate and now in conference provide career schools with a fresh vein of clients -more than 800,000 by one estimate -but it will do so without subjecting the schools to strengthened monitoring or regulation, according to several state officials. These schools are now accredited by associations of trade and business schools., These are among a wide variety of abuses listed in a study done earlier this year by Pelavin Associates for the Federal Department of Education: * Many trade and vocational schools use questionable recruiting practices, canvassing unemployment and welfare offices, placing deceptive job advertisements simply designed to attract students, guaranteeing job placements that | Changes in Welfare a Boon to Trade Schools |
174496_0 | LEAD: The Cuban Government has announced emergency plans to deal with huge stockpiles of merchandise in Cuban ports. The backlog - 311,000 tons of merchandise on Aug. 15 - is disrupting the country's economy and costing Cuba millions of dollars in penalties to foreign shipowners. The emergency plan calls for dock workers to work on shifts around the clock. The Cuban Government has announced emergency plans to deal with huge stockpiles of merchandise in Cuban ports. The backlog - 311,000 tons of merchandise on Aug. 15 - is disrupting the country's economy and costing Cuba millions of dollars in penalties to foreign shipowners. The emergency plan calls for dock workers to work on shifts around the clock. It also compels the nation's warehouses to prepare for merchandise 16 hours a day, rather than the usual eight. | Cuban Goods Logjam |
172660_1 | miles up the coast from the apartment blocks of suburban Rome. As in the United States, there are forecasts of economic grief because of a huge Government deficit, but even pessimists put the danger over the horizon while in the here and now real incomes are still rising. 'Rambo of the Seas' In the late afternoon a teen-age boy playfully wrestles with his girlfriend in the sand when one of their companions looks up from a card game and shouts to him with a laugh, ''Stop it, Rambo of the Seas.'' That moniker, felicitously invented by a headline writer, has become an essential part of this summer's vocabulary as the mysteries of the ''catamaran murder'' unfold. The maritime Rambo is Filippo De Cristofaro, tall, muscular, 34 years old and accused, along with his 17-year-old Dutch companion, Diane Beyer, of having murdered the skipper of a chartered catamaran yacht while crusing the Adriatic. The couple has offered the police one version of the killing after another. At first, Miss Beyer said she had done it in a jealous rage because the skipper, Annarita Curina, a 32-year-old sometime art restorer, was parading around the boat almost naked, distracting Rambo. But the latest scenario involves a premeditated homicide, two assailants, a knife and a machete. Miss Beyer, who was wearing an ''Italians do it better'' T-shirt when arrested in Tunisia, said the two lovers wanted the boat so they could sail to the South Pacific and live there happily ever after. The plan was undone when the skipper's body was pulled up in a fisherman's net. A Grand Old Myth Whatever the truth behind the case, it has revived one of the grand old myths of the Italian summer: Icy northern Europeans come to the warm south and lose their vaunted self-control in torrid love affairs. That myth, which has happy and tragic versions, seems to be falling on hard times, according to reports from Adriatic resorts like Rimini and Jesolo that attract large numbers of young adults, especially topless Nordic women and Italian lads in search of same. Scandinavian newspapers have reported that spurned blond beauties are complaining that fear of AIDS has dampened the legendary Italian love of conquest. Adriatic discos are resorting to frequent beauty contests, involving both sexes, to keep the fires burning. Such activities are unknown here in sedate Marina Velca, famous primarily for its cool breezes. The | Benvenuto, Pollution! (Ciao, Love in the Air) |
172248_0 | LEAD: Halfway through an already late and over-budget rehabilitation project for the troubled Manhattan Bridge, state transportation officials are stopping the work to bring in a new contractor and new designs. Halfway through an already late and over-budget rehabilitation project for the troubled Manhattan Bridge, state transportation officials are stopping the work to bring in a new contractor and new designs. Officials at the State Transportation Department said the halt, which would go into effect late this year after work on the current contract was completed, would add 16 to 18 months to the 10-year overall project. The work began in 1985 and is already about 8 months behind schedule. The delay will increase the total cost by up to $48 million because of inflation and new engineering work that must be done before a new contract can be awarded, the officials said. However, they said that during the interim period between November and the resumption of work sometime in mid-1990, all of the bridge's seven traffic lanes would remain open. Two traffic lanes and two of the four subway tracks on the bridge have been closed for the last two and a half years as workers added new steel to try to stop the 79-year-old bridge from twisting under the weight of subway trains. 'Mutual Agreement' A spokeswoman for the State Transportation Department, Phyllis Hirschberg, said the rehabilitation contract, with a unit of the USX Corporation, was being terminated by ''mutual agreement.'' She said the company has been diversifying away from bridge contracting work and no longer has an active interest in the business. The contract termination was reported yesterday in New York Newsday. A spokesman for the Transit Authority, Jared Lebow, said that subway service on the B, D and Q lines would continue on only two tracks during the delay period and that service on the N line, which was rerouted from the bridge to the Montague Street tunnel in April 1986 to ease train congestion, would continue running underground. Mr. Lebow said that full service on the bridge could have been resumed on all four tracks but that a decision was made to use the delays to lay new track on the bridge's south side. He also said that beginning Dec. 11, the B, D and Q lines, which were rerouted to Broadway in 1986 because of the Manhattan Bridge rehabilitation, would resume their regular routes | Halt Is Planned In Bridge Work Over East River |
172025_2 | turning herself in but had never been able to bring herself to. ''She was living in the open as a housewife,'' Mr. Wilford said. ''She wasn't sneaking around.'' ''If he told me to walk off the side of a building I would have done so,'' Ms. Grinage said of Mr. Austin, who married her in the late 1960's, when she was a teenager. Faced More Serious Charges There were two more serious charges against Ms. Grinage, air piracy and interfering with the crew with a deadly weapon. Both are expected to be dismissed when she is sentenced, Peter E. Ball, an assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, said. Ms. Grinage could face as much as 20 years in prison and a $10,000 fine. A Federal indictment handed up in 1969 said that, in January of that year, Ms. Grinage and Mr. Austin boarded Eastern Airlines Flight 401, bound for Miami, and diverted it to Cuba from New York. News accounts at the time said the hijackers took a passenger's 2-year-old son hostage, threatened the passengers with guns, and shouted ''Black Power, Havana! Black Power, Havana!'' The accounts said the hijackers were greeted by crowds of boisterous supporters at the Havana airport. Passengers, Child Unharmed The passengers and infant hostage returned to Miami unharmed, and the authorities, while never closing the case, lost track of Ms. Grinage after the death of her husband the following year. They did not know how the couple returned to the United States. At some point, the suspect married her current husband, moved to Albany, and had several children. Under the name Haziine Eytina, Ms. Grinage had been working since 1983 for Head Start, a Federally-funded program that provides pre-school care for children from low-income families. While Ms. Grinage had fashioned a new life for herself, the charges against her - which carried a maximimum sentence of life in prison - were never dropped. The statute of limitations does not apply in cases where a suspect has already been indicted. About a year ago, the Federal Bureau of Investigation received an tip from an anonymous caller who identified Haziine Eytina as Linda Joyce Grinage. Officials investigated the tip using telephone bills, handwriting samples, photographs and other records, and in the last week of July the F.B.I. encircled Mr. and Mrs. Eytina's house in Albany and arrested Mrs. Eytina on the 19-year-old charge. | Woman Accused of Hijacking Pleads Guilty to Lesser Crime |
172249_0 | LEAD: Prices of sugar futures sank below 10 cents a pound yesterday for the first time in two months on the Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange in New York amid signs of rising world supplies. Prices of sugar futures sank below 10 cents a pound yesterday for the first time in two months on the Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange in New York amid signs of rising world supplies. Sugar for October delivery plunged 0.63 cent, to 9.86 cents a pound, the lowest closing price for near-term delivery since June 16, when the July contract finished at 9.69 cents a pound. The price for October sugar has fallen nearly 37 percent in the last month after reaching a seven-year high of 15.30 cents a pound on July 19. Sugar futures had rallied on increased Asian buying after China moved to increase the availabilty of the sweetener, analysts said. But Asian buying stalled in mid-July, and futures prices have slipped steadily lower as the near-term supply picture improved. French Report a Factor Analysts said yesterday's selloff stemmed from a French agency's estimate that the European sugar-beet crop would produce 13.51 million metric tons of sugar, up from 12.8 million metric tons last year. The agency had previously estimated a 200,000-metric-ton decline in European sugar production. A metric ton is about 2,205 pounds. Meanwhile, the Agriculture Department reported that mainland United States sugar production for the first half of this year totaled 2.4 million tons, up 2 percent from the comparable period a year ago. Hawaiian sugar production for the period rose 6 percent, to 419,000 tons, the Agriculture Department said. Grain futures closed mostly lower while most soybean contracts advanced in a fourth day of seesaw trading on the Chicago Board of Trade. Livestock and meat futures settled mostly higher on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in reaction to unexpectedly strong cash cattle and beef markets, said Charles Richardson, a livestock market analyst with Lind-Waldock & Company in Denver. Crude oil futures fell slightly while oil products were mixed in very light trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. FUTURES/OPTIONS | Sugar Below 10/ a Pound On Reports of Rising Supply |
170129_0 | LEAD: Trapped under a steamy mountain of stagnant air, the New York region has taken on a climate resembling that of a tropical rain forest, leaving residents sweltering for 40 straight days of unusual heat and humidity. Trapped under a steamy mountain of stagnant air, the New York region has taken on a climate resembling that of a tropical rain forest, leaving residents sweltering for 40 straight days of unusual heat and humidity. ''I haven't seen anything like this in 19 years with the Weather Service,'' said Edward Yandrich, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in New York City. ''We haven't had a break for 40 days, and there's no letup in sight.'' Measured by temperature and by dew point readings, which show the overall moisture content of the air, the city is sweltering in an atmosphere that is not far removed from the steamiest climes on earth. And forecasters said they did not expect a significant change until Tuesday at the earliest. ''It's been at least two weeks since we've had a real front go through,'' said Pamela J. Joyce, another National Weather Service meteorologist. ''We've had the same air, no fresh air, since then. And until we get another strong system, it will stay this way.'' Since July 3, New York City has endured 40 consecutive days in which the high temperature exceeded 88 degrees, or the dew point reading exceeded 70 degrees, or both. The dew point, which is related to humidity, measures the overall moisture content of the air by determining the temperature at which that moisture begins to condense. In a comfortable climate, the moisture will begin to condense at about 50 degrees. But when the air is laden with moisture, as in a tropical climate, the moisture will begin to condense at temperatures as high as 75 to 80 degrees. Some Days, 'You Really Die' As the temperature and dew point converge, the relative humidity of the air rises, reaching 100 percent at the point where the temperature and dew point meet. ''When one of them is high, you're uncomfortable, and when both of them are high, you're sweltering,'' Mr. Yandrich said yesterday, referring to the temperature and dew point readings. ''Then occasionally you have a day like today when you really die.'' Yesterday's high temperature was 95 degrees; the dew point temperature was 76 degrees. Weather Service officials said dew point measurements | Where Else on Earth Is the Air So Sticky? Try the Rain Forest |
170131_2 | data at the Space Research Center in this south Brazilian city, said smoke clouds from the Amazon fires often rose to 12,000 feet. Their gases and particles were then lifted up higher into jet streams and blown south across the South Atlantic, close to Antarctica. Many scientists now believe that several of these gases, including methane and nitrogen oxides, are among the reactive gases that can directly or indirectly deplete ozone, Dr. Setzer said. ''There is no proof yet that the material is interacting with the ozone shield, which is much higher in the stratosphere,'' said Dr. Setzer. ''But we know the material gets to the Antarctic region, and we know that storms can pump it upward. We do not know yet how high it reaches. Several people are working on this.'' American scientists who took part in the mission over Antarctica by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in October said they had not searched for or found evidence of compounds from the Amazon. But NASA researchers are now searching for such traces by satellite. But even without the ozone question, Dr. Setzer said, the ''tremendous'' emissions coming off the Amazon pose serious problems. ''They are large enough to cause significant changes in the chemical balance of the atmosphere and influence the global weather,'' he said. A Doubly Harmful Effect In the case of carbon dioxide, for example, the forest destruction is doubly harmful, Dr. Setzer and other researchers noted. The dwindling forest cover becomes not only less efficient in absorbing and removing this ''greenhouse gas,'' but the fires also add new, huge volumes of it. A report prepared by the study group at the Space Research Center estimated that the fires in Brazil last year produced carbon dioxide containing more than 500 million tons of carbon. The fires also produced 44 million tons of carbon monoxide, more than six million tons of particles, almost five million tons of methane, two and a half million tons of ozone and more than one million tons of nitrogen oxides and other substances that can circulate globally and influence radiation and climate. ''There is enough to compare it to the outburst of a very large volcano,'' Dr. Setzer said. The study results on deforestation and emissions from the fires so far cover only the Brazilian two-thirds of the Amazon rain forest. Still more of the pollutants are produced by fires in parts | Vast Amazon Fires, Man-Made, Linked To Global Warming |
166708_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: The thoughtless letter of Joseph R. Wright Jr., deputy director of the Reagan Administration's Office of Management and Budget (''Don't Give Sugar Refiners More Breaks,'' July 1), is riddled with errors. It does no more than add insult to injury. Mr. Wright wrongly writes that a provision in the 1989 agricultural appropriations bill would ''further'' subsidize a few large sugar refiners. Mr. Wright, of all people, should know that our Government does not subsidize the cane sugar refining industry. Far from it - the Government has nearly destroyed the industry. Refiners have not received any breaks from the Government. They have received only blows, and near-fatal ones at that. Others may be subsidized; refiners are not. The high sugar prices that Mr. Wright complains about, and which have forced up refiners' costs, were brought about by legislation adopted by Congress in 1981 with the support of the Reagan Administration. As a matter of fact, since the Administration became involved in sugar policy, five companies have gone out of the refining business, 10 refineries have closed, the industry has lost 40 percent of its capacity, and thousands of people have lost jobs. Most of the remaining 12 refineries are operating only three or four days a week - all of this thanks to the Reagan Administration's sugar policy. The provision Mr. Wright refers to is designed to help sugar producers in the Philippines and the Caribbean Basin Initiative countries. If it does anything whatever for the refiners, it might help avoid further plant closings and layoffs. All the refiners ever asked of the Government was for a chance to compete, which they never received. NICHOLAS KOMINUS President, United States Cane Sugar Refiners' Association Washington, July 11, 1988 | Administration Sugar Policy: How Sweet It Isn't |
166746_3 | ''some stocks are hidden near these homes.'' ''Nobody knows,'' he replies, adding to the slowly building argument that the arms race, and particularly the manufacture of nuclear weapons, is a conspiracy entered into by governments that systematically hide details from their own people. The film, Mr. Watkins says, is about ''the mechanisms they use to deprive us of information and participation.'' The pace of much of this is slow. And there is a tepid, ponderous, viscous quality both to the program's tone of moralism and to its presentation of what Mr. Watkins calls ''information.'' The technique seems to be strongly influenced by ''Shoah,'' Claude Lanzmann's 10-hour documentary on the Holocaust. But while few can question the validity of devoting 14 hours to the arms race, length is not a pure function of a subject's importance. While the power of the testimony in ''Shoah'' made it consistently gripping, Mr. Watkins's work tends to dribble into tedium, in part because he himself never questions, challenges or provokes his witnesses, treating them instead with the reverence owed to icons. Some of The Journey's ''information,'' moreover, cries out for a bit of substantiation, which the documentary consistently fails to provide. When, for example, he says that French nuclear tests in the Pacific are contaminating the ocean itself, causing a strange increase in the number of typhoons as well as torrential rains in South America and drought in Australia, he provides not a single piece of corroborating evidence, not a single expert witness. Given his own admissions of bias, are we to take these rather extreme claims on faith? The French Government, which has allowed independent scientific inspection of its testing site, certainly denies them. The main assumption - that the real basis for the continuation of the arms races is the snuffing out of information by governments, leading to the inability of people to participate in the shaping of their destiny -seems also to require a heavy dose of faith. An alternative explanation would be that most of the people involved, particularly in the West, accept nuclear weapons as a necessary evil, at least until balanced, negotiated reductions manage to eliminate them. The blissful ignorance Mr. Watkins avers over and over again may not really exist. In the end, as the French sociologist Emil Durkheim said of Marxism, ''The Journey'' is not science or even analysis; it is a cry of pain, an expression | Review/Television; Series on PBS Studies Nuclear Arms |
166828_4 | die of AIDS-related illnesses without ever formally qualifying as AIDS or ARC cases. Mr. Stoddard said he fears an AIDS or ARC diagnosis could prompt the automatic rejection of applicants who are able to work, based on sometimes erroneous assumptions that they will become sick. Court Decisions Cited ''These definitions are artificial and do not measure present or future health,'' Mr. Stoddard said, and the proposed requirement ''would unfairly mark some people who are able to work, yet fail to identify others who might be much more seriously impaired.'' Lambda's legal researchers cite two unanimous, related decisions by New York's highest court, the State Court of Appeals. Last year, the court upheld a State Division of Human Rights finding that New York City had illegally discriminated when it rejected a prospective police officer on the grounds that his back condition might get worse. In 1985, the court upheld another division finding that Xerox had unfairly fired an office worker on the grounds that her obesity made her susceptible to future illness. ''If this is what the city is proposing to do, it would be flagrantly illegal,'' said David A. Hansell, legal director for Gay Men's Health Crisis, an AIDS service organization. ''It's the same as turning down a woman for a job because she may take maternity leave.'' Ms. Schwab said she had received no reports indicating that AIDS among municipal employees had caused staffing or other work problems. Asked whether the cost of health insurance or sick leave was a concern, she said, ''Obviously, unlimited paid sick leave is a consideration in the uniformed services.'' The current debate began when the Personnel Department added ''immune deficiency diseases'' to the list of conditions that require a ''special evaluation'' for applicants to the Sanitation Department. A dispute over that change led to the formation of the committee to forge a citywide policy. For most city government jobs, hiring does not entail even a physical examination, according to Magda Gandasegui, a spokeswoman for the Personnel Department. Applicants are simply asked whether they have any medical, physical or mental condition that could interfere with job performance, and their answers are routinely accepted at face value. No change is contemplated in these procedures. But for certain ''public safety'' jobs, the city imposes strict medical standards. The rationale is that illness or disability among these workers could endanger coworkers or the public, Ms. Gandasegui said. | Officials Split On Inquiring About AIDS |
168048_4 | exploration of ''as many contemporary points of view as possible within the limitations of our space.'' The prominence of the column, she says, reflects the postmodern interest in realism, figurative art and antiquity. The strength of the show is its ability to point us toward the column motif. The weakness is that we can do little more than bang our heads against it once we get there. The exhibition is certainly pluralistic. Artists who have built actual columns, including Howard Ben Tre, Daniel Buren and Ned Smythe, are represented. The column as icon appears in a cibachrome photograph by Sarah Charlesworth. There are broken and fallen columns all over the place, including in Tom Otterness's ''Battle Cartoon,'' a relief in which figures wrestle about in ways that blur the line between eroticism, pornography and violence. A column haunts Elizabeth Dworkin's nearly abstract painting ''Greek Dream.'' In David Lowe's pastel ''Wheel of Discourse,'' a cross-section of a ruined column is placed on its side so that it resembles a wheel that anyone can roll. If there is one work that captures the ambivalence about the column that may be the real subject of this show, it is Roger Brown's ''Galvanized Temple,'' an elegant miniature temple in which the columns are garbage cans turned upside-down. Rutgers Show The theme of ''Contemporary Syntax, Color and Saturation'' is abstract painting involved with ''depth of color and structure.'' For a subject this large, the selection of five artists -Craig Buckbee, Herman Cherry, Elizabeth Harms, Rebecca Purdum and Esteban Vicente - seems almost arbitrary. The show, at the Robeson Center Gallery on the Rutgers campus at Newark, does underline some of the major sources for artists interested in saturated color, including Turner, Symbolism and Rothko. Another strength is the juxtaposition of early and recent paintings by Mr. Cherry. In a small work from 1957, saturated fields of color are combined with paint sitting on the surface like a sculptural slab. In the ''Blue Pyramid'' and ''Yellow Structure'' from 1986, paint sinks in and the pressure between zones of color has a weight that makes small canvases seem monumental. There is one particularly helpful juxtaposition. In the paintings from 1972 and 1974 by Mr. Vicente, paint and color seem to inhabit the canvas. In the paintings from 1984 and 1986 by Ms. Harm, color is on the surface and the kind of rectangles that appear in Mr. | Reviews/Art; Provocative Exhibitions at Museums and Galleries That Are Near New York City |
171292_1 | and the nature and causes of fragmentation of the earth's crustal plates. Outgrowth of Treaty In an announcement of the expedition, Dr. Edward A. Frieman, director of Scripps, a branch of the University of California at San Diego, said the agreement to work in Soviet waters followed months of quiet negotiations among diplomats and scientists of both countries. It was one of the first major steps in carrying out an American-Soviet treaty on ocean research that was signed in Moscow last December in conjunction with the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty. ''We hope this marks the beginning of a new era of American-Soviet cooperation in marine research,'' Dr. Frieman said. Two Soviet scientists, the first to serve on an American oceanographic vessel in several years, joined the expedition last week when the ship left Dutch Harbor, Alaska. They are Dr. Mikhail Krasny, a geologist and deputy director of the Soviet Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of Sakhalin Island, and Dr. Vyacheslav Partikeyev, a geophysicist at the Soviet institute. Scripps had to work through the State Department to secure clearance from the Soviet State Committee for Science and Technology for operations in that country's exclusive economic zone. Scripps officials also had to obtain approval of the United States Department of Commerce because the ship would be carrying high-technology into Soviet territory. The Thomas Washington is equipped with a high-resolution bathymetric survey system called Sea Beam. Similar sonar mapping technology is in use by other American oceanographic institutes, as well as by French, West German, Japanese and Soviet ships. Mapping the Sea Floor The Sea Beam system, manufactured by the General Instrument Corporation, produces a map of the sea floor as the ship steams over it. Sixteen sonar signals are beamed simultaneously from the ship's hull, aimed at the sea floor. They bounce back and their return time is calculated by a computer, which then triggers a plotter and generates a chart showing the shape and elevations of the submarine topography. Directing the mapping will be Dr. Peter Lonsdale of Scripps, the expedition's chief scientist. He got the idea to conduct the survey while on an expedition in the Pacific two years ago. It was then that he discovered a portion of an underwater plateau that he believed was a remnant of the Hawaii-Emperor Seamount chain. The plateau, which lies at 167 degrees east longitude and 52 degrees north latitude, is believed | U.S. Ship in Soviet Waters Points to New Era |
171262_6 | It is not known to what extent such actions might offset global warming. Some dream of blocking sunlight before it ever reaches the earth. Giant orbiting satellites made of thin films could cast shadows on the earth, counteracting global warming. Scientists have calculated that a series of satellites with areas equivalent to 2 percent of the earth's surface could compensate for a doubling in carbon dioxide. Some space scientists have contemplated using such shields to make Venus less hot; the costs and benefits on earth have not been determined. Still another way of coping with greenhouse gases would be to try to remove them from the atmosphere. Measures to conserve and plant new forests, which absorb carbon, are already being discussed by public officials. More radical thinkers imagine encouraging the growth on a vast scale of tiny ocean organisms that soak up carbon dioxide. Already, the oceans are believed to be dissolving much of the extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The bodies of microscopic creatures, for instance, incorporate carbon dioxide and, when they die, they sink to the bottom of the sea and turn into limestone. To increase this effect, scientists have proposed fertilizing the oceans to spur the growth of phytoplankton, microscopic plants that are a key element in the ocean's food chain. But this method has serious drawbacks. It would alter the marine food chain, and, if pursued too vigorously, the cascade of carbon dioxide into the deep ocean would eventually eliminate oxygen there, killing most life. One group of experts holds that proposals to counteract climatic damage are misguided, and that advanced technologies should be used to prevent such problems in the first place, mainly by eliminating dependence on fossil fuels. Harnessing Nuclear Fusion Dr. Peter E. Glazer, a vice president at Arthur D. Little Inc., a Cambridge, Mass., consulting and research firm, has long advocated building a fleet of solar power satellites in space. Illuminated by the sun 24 hours a day, these spacecraft would turn sunlight into electric power, which would be beamed to earth in the form of either microwave or laser beams, and then turned back into electricity. First proposed in the 1970's, the idea has recently aroused renewed interest because of its environmental allure. A more down-to-earth way to generate power without producing carbon dioxide is to harness nuclear fusion, the process in which hydrogen isotopes fuse together to release energy | Scientists Dream Up Bold Remedies for Ailing Atmosphere |
173814_0 | LEAD: Restrictions on importing and exporting books, films, phonograph records and other informational material to and from Cuba are eliminated by the trade bill signed into law yesterday by President Reagan. The ban also applied to newspapers, posters, photographs, microfilms, microfiche and tapes. Restrictions on importing and exporting books, films, phonograph records and other informational material to and from Cuba are eliminated by the trade bill signed into law yesterday by President Reagan. The ban also applied to newspapers, posters, photographs, microfilms, microfiche and tapes. Under the restrictions, which were imposed in 1962 under the Trading With the Enemy Act after Fidel Castro came to power, it was necessary to obtain a license from the Commerce Department to import more than a single copy of such materials. The Commerce Department had issued a general license allowing imports of single copies, but no exports were allowed, said Morton H. Halperin, director of the Washington office of the American Civil Liberties Union. ''Americans should be free to decide for themselves what they want to read from whatever country,'' Mr. Halperin said. He said the provision was ''not a Cuba issue.'' Cuba is the only country now affected by the provision, which was sponsored by Representative Howard L. Berman, Democrat of California. The State Department told Congress it did not object to the provision in the trade bill, but Mr. Reagan criticized it as a limitation on Presidential powers when he vetoed an earlier version of the bill. | Cuba Data Curbs Ended |
173689_0 | LEAD: UNTIL about two years ago the standard supermarket tomato came in one variety: UNTIL about two years ago the standard supermarket tomato came in one variety: Hard. And one color: Washed-out red. This was as true in the summer, when superb vine-ripened tomatoes might be growing around the corner, as it was in the winter, when tomatoes come from far-off places. Now supermarkets realize the marketability of plum tomatoes, red and yellow cherry tomatoes, even yellow field tomatoes. Some stores are selling them in season, right beside the ones in the cardboard boxes with little see-through windows. Yet what is available in even the most progressive supermarkets is just a fraction of what is now available commercially, including tomatoes with names like evergreen, persimmon, red peach, yellow peach, purple ribbed and gold jubilee. In general, tomatoes have been given assigned roles. Plum tomatoes, for example, are supposed to be cooked because they are very meaty and give off very little water. Cherry tomatoes are perfect for eating out of hand or for stuffing. And the famous beefsteak is known as the slicing tomato, so rich in flavor that only a sprinkling of salt and a dribble of olive oil are needed to make the perfect salad. But this time of year is different, said Gary Feldman, a co-owner of Bink & Bink, a New York produce wholesaler that specializes in organic crops. ''Now the tomatoes are so ripe you can use whatever you can get in salads,'' he said. ''Sometimes individually some tomatoes are not distinctive enough, but when you put them all together you get wonderful taste and texture comparisons.'' In fact, a number of New York's best restaurants offer a mixed assortment of tomatoes from Bink & Bink to use in salads or for a salsa cruda. Arizona 206, on 60th Street near Third Avenue, which puts an Southwestern accent on its food, makes a splendid salad with nine tomato varieties and a very simple oil and vinegar dressing. ''You don't need any more than that when you have tomatoes like this,'' said Brendan Walsh, the restaurant's executive chef. Alfred Portale, the chef at the Gotham Bar and Grill on 12th Street between University Place and Fifth Avenue, uses six varieties in his tomato salad with creamy garlic dressing. He decorates it with haricots verts and slices of raw fennel. And at Georgine Carmella, an Italian restaurant | Mixing Tomato Varieties Adds Zest to a Summer Table |
173758_0 | LEAD: If computer programming colleges, truck driving academies and other profit-making trade schools did not exist, politicians and journalists would have to invent them. If computer programming colleges, truck driving academies and other profit-making trade schools did not exist, politicians and journalists would have to invent them. There is no more sure-fire way to stir up publicity than to visit Rosie's College of Cosmetology or Fly-by-Night Aviation Academy and find an unemployed recent dropout who thought that the form he signed was a lottery ticket rather than an application for a $2,500 Guaranteed Student Loan that he would have to repay. The latest attack on proprietary, or profit-making, schools comes from Washington. In an effort to reduce student loan defaults - now more than $1 billion a year - Secretary of Education William J. Bennett is set to publish new regulations next week that would cut off Federal aid to students at schools where more than 20 percent of students default on their federally guaranteed student loans. Congress is finishing work on legislation aimed at the same problem. For practical purposes, the target of both Mr. Bennett and Congress is the proprietary trade school and a few other institutions serving large numbers of poor students, like black colleges. Critics, though, say that instead of punishing schools for the actions of their students, the Government might better turn its attention to some fundamental contradictions in Federal policy. Private trade schools grew up to fill an educational vacuum. They train students who have not been well served by public schools, vocational as well as academic, and do not fit readily into the culture of regular higher education, public or private. These schools teach practical skills rather than liberal arts subjects and they are quicker than community colleges, which offer some overlapping programs, to respond to changes in the job market. Their future is looking especially bright now because pending changes in Federal welfare laws will require many recipients either to work or to be enrolled in job training to receive welfare payments. But the way in which proprietary schools fill this vacuum causes big problems. Some use high-powered recruitment techniques like paying recruiters per scalp and enrolling students whose only educational asset is eligibility for Federal money. The educational quality of some schools is questionable, especially those that peg their tuitions and fees to the amount of Federal aid available to poor | Education; Lessons |
173819_0 | LEAD: Eight months after New York City officials sought to tear it down, the Vendome, a distinguished but ravaged old apartment house in Brooklyn, yesterday was awarded a $225,000 grant from New York State to help in its reconstruction. Eight months after New York City officials sought to tear it down, the Vendome, a distinguished but ravaged old apartment house in Brooklyn, yesterday was awarded a $225,000 grant from New York State to help in its reconstruction. The building, in the Clinton Hill Historic District, received one of five such awards made by the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for projects in New York City, under the terms of the 1986 Environmental Quality Bond Act. The other recipients were these: * The Church of St. Ann and the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn Heights - $250,000 for brownstone restoration and conservation of its stained-glass windows which are more than 140 years old and were made by William Jay Bolton. * The Eldridge Street Synagogue, Lower East Side of Manhattan -$150,000 for structural stabilization and restoration of stained glass and exterior masonry. This is in addition to a $150,000 grant made last year to the Eldridge Street Project, the nonprofit group that is restoring the synagogue. * Stuyvesant Square Park East, Manhattan - $200,000 for restoration of the ornamental cast-iron fence that runs around the park's perimeter. * Former 68th Police Precinct station house, Brooklyn - $67,500 for exterior restoration and interior renovation, allowing the Sunset Park School of Music to use the long-vacant property for offices, teaching and performance space. Last December, city housing officials sought to demolish the abandoned 101-year-old Vendome, calling it a safety hazard and saying that it would not be economical to renovate it. A month later, after strong objections from neighbors and preservationists, the Koch administration reversed the plan and instead announced what amounted to a $200,000 challenge grant to have the building restored. Sixteen other preservation grants were awarded yesterday by the state. Recipients were two projects in Annandale, two in Buffalo and one each in Homer, Ithaca, Jeffersonville, Kingston, Lockport, Rochester, Saranac Lake, Skaneateles, Spencertown, Stony Brook, Tarrytown and Westfield. | After Surviving Razing Plan, Brooklyn Building Gets Grant |
173517_1 | and a display of effectiveness for the organization that just a year ago was widely regarded as a war-weary band whose members were considering putting more of their movement's energies into political activity instead of violence. #1985 British-Irish Accord At that point the I.R.A. was faltering in the aftermath of the signing of a British-Irish agreement in November 1985. The agreement seemed to offer the Roman Catholic minority in Northern Ireland the promise of fairer treatment both politically and economically since it gave Dublin an advisory role in the affairs of the province. The security provisions in the Anglo-Irish accord, calling for increased cooperation between the Irish and British forces, appeared to curb I.R.A. activity as violence subsided. And frequently guerrilla operations were bungled. The worst was the I.R.A. bombing at Enniskillen in November 1987 in which 11 civilians were killed at a wreath-laying ceremony to honor British war dead. But in the last six months, the I.R.A. has targeted the British military, killing 27 troops in the province, the British mainland and on the continent. The figure is the highest total since 1979 and up from 3 British soldiers killed last year. ''The I.R.A. has shown its ability to sustain itself and that it can still mount successful military operations to keep the pressure on the British,'' said Brendan O'Leary, a lecturer in government at the London School of Economics, who has studied the guerrilla movement. ''This also demonstrates that the I.R.A. has weathered the storm of the Anglo-Irish Agreement.'' Effect on Public Opinion British troops, rather than members of locally recruited security forces, are the preferred targets for the I.R.A. largely because they are the most visible sign of the British presence in Northern Ireland and such killings have the greatest effect on British public opinion. ''One dead British soldier is worth four dead Royal Ulster Constabulary men,'' an I.R.A. official said recently, referring to the Northern Ireland police force. Gerry Adams, president of Sinn Fein, the political arm of the I.R.A., calls violence the ''cutting edge'' of what his movement regards as a struggle for ''national self-determination.'' In an interview last month with The Sunday Tribune, a Dublin newspaper, he said ''there is a very widespread tolerance of actions against the British Army,'' so assaults on British troops are ''not only the right thing to do but also the clever thing to do.'' The I.R.A. has achieved | I.R.A. Shifts Tactics, and the Results Are Deadly |
175257_1 | NASA satellite sensitive to heat sources. Scientists at Brazil's Space Research Center, Marlise Simons has reported in The Times, have counted 170,000 fires last year in the western Amazon. The fires contribute twice over to the greenhouse effect, the feared warming of the world's climate that may already have begun in the recent string of hot summers. They contribute fully one-tenth of the global production of carbon dioxide, the principal greenhouse gas. And once the forest is burned, it can no longer absorb carbon dioxide from the air and turn it back into vegetation. Despite the richness and diversity of tropical forests, their soil is mostly poor. Shielded from the recurrent ice ages that repeatedly extinguished life in temperate zones, the animals and plants of the tropics have had millions of years in which to develop new species and complex interdependencies. The living systems now being destroyed in Brazil are the flower of some 50 million years of evolution. Cattle ranchers, responsible for 80 percent of the destruction, receive sizable tax breaks. Without such subsidies, the cattle ranches are ''inherently uneconomic,'' writes Robert Repetto of the World Resources Institute. Besides the ranchers, half a million settlers have invaded the Rondonian forest along the new Cuiaba-Porto Velho road, paved with a $250 million World Bank loan. The Bank's requests for protection of the forests and their tribes were ignored. Since the road was paved, the area of destroyed forest has tripled. Rondonia, endowed with one of the world's richest ecosystems, is already 17 percent deforested. The tragedy is that the forest could be preserved even as its resources are tapped. Permanent crops like coffee bushes do less damage than annual cropping or cattle. The valuable hardwood trees could be harvested instead of burned. Migrant settlers would hunger less for forest land if Brazil redistributed the 43 percent of its arable land now owned by just 1 percent of its population. The World Bank has learned from the disaster of the Rondonia road, but it and other lending agencies need to ensure that Brazil shares the lesson. An imaginative scheme of debt-for-nature swaps has been devised by Thomas Lovejoy of the World Wildlife Fund: the fund raises money to buy up the dollar-denominated debt of countries like Bolivia, Ecuador and Costa Rica, which it exchanges for local currencies to be used in establishing nature preserves. By such means, the headlong devastation of | The Burning of Rondonia |
169968_0 | LEAD: Sexual impotence is becoming increasingly common as more men live to reach ages and develop ailments that, one way or another, interfere with their ability to achieve or maintain an erection. Since this ability depends on a complex interplay of both mental and physical factors, there are many ways in which it can be disrupted. Sexual impotence is becoming increasingly common as more men live to reach ages and develop ailments that, one way or another, interfere with their ability to achieve or maintain an erection. Since this ability depends on a complex interplay of both mental and physical factors, there are many ways in which it can be disrupted. Less than a decade ago more than 90 percent of impotence cases were attributed to emotional inhibitions, like anger toward one's partner or psychological problems rooted in childhood. But doctors now have a better understanding of such influences on potency as hormonal imbalance, impairments caused by illness and surgery and the side effects of recreational and medicinal drugs. And experts say that more than half, and perhaps as many as three-fourths, of impotency cases have a physical basis. Fortunately, in the majority of cases, it is possible to restore a man's potency. Sometimes one's regular physician can easily determine the cause of the problem and prescribe treatment. But many cases require the expertise of a urologist who specializes in potency, perhaps in consultation with an endocrinologist (a specialist in hormones) and a psychological or sexual therapist. Physiology Impotence, by definition of William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson, the human sexuality researchers, that is generally accepted by sex therapists, is the inability to achieve and maintain an erection long enough to complete sexual intercourse in at least 25 percent of attempts. Virtually all men experience occasional episodes of erectile failure, but only one in eight would be considered impotent. To appreciate the many ways in which sexual potency can go awry, it helps to know something about the physiology of an erection. Simply put, an erection is the sustained engorgement of the penis with blood. Although details of what gets and keeps the blood under pressure in the penis are not known, the general mechanics of potency are clear. Most erections start with excitation of specific brain centers triggered by erotic mental images or a variety of sensory stimuli: sights, smells, sounds or touches. Nerve messages are then transferred | Health; Personal Health |
169943_0 | LEAD: WHEN Cornell Williams first came to Camp Wapanacki 14 years ago he was terrified of boating, a fear camp counselors say is shared by many 5-year-olds. But for Mr. Williams, who is legally blind and ''rather fond of solid ground,'' learning to row made him feel, he says now, that he could ''conquer the world. WHEN Cornell Williams first came to Camp Wapanacki 14 years ago he was terrified of boating, a fear camp counselors say is shared by many 5-year-olds. But for Mr. Williams, who is legally blind and ''rather fond of solid ground,'' learning to row made him feel, he says now, that he could ''conquer the world.'' ''The strength of Camp Wapanacki is that it gets kids to do what they think they can't,'' said Mr. Williams. ''And that carries over into everyday life.'' Mr. Williams, who is boating counselor at the camp, can distinguish the shapes of objects and can read large print. He is 19 years old and lives in Brooklyn. Camp Wapanacki, on a lake surrounded by 220 wooded acres in northeastern Vermont, began 50 years ago as the first summer camp in the country for visually impaired children. It remains one of only a handful nationwide, according to the camp director, Victoria Tripodi. Owned by the New York Institute for Special Education, a private, nonprofit school in the Bronx, the camp is host to about 110 campers in two sessions each summer, and has about half as many counselors as campers. Wapanacki offers the standard menu of activities - arts and crafts, boating, swimming, hiking and nature study - with an underlying emphasis on what Ms. Tripodi calls ''social-behavior training.'' ''There are kids who come here and have never made a bed or mopped the floor,'' said Ms. Tripodi, who is the athletic director at the institute during the school year. ''They say, 'My mother did that for me.' We say, 'Your mother isn't here.' We'll help them, we'll teach them, but we won't do it for them.'' One of its two sessions is for children 8 to 13 years old, and the other is for older teen-agers. Money to run the camp comes from the institute's fund-raising drives and fees from campers. The fee for younger campers is $500 for two weeks, and $525 for three weeks for the older ones. About 30 percent of the campers receive scholarship help from | For Blind Children, A Place to Have Fun |
169788_2 | the acidity of water and therefore its ability to pick up lead from pipes, mains, solder and fittings. No Safe Level of Lead Mr. Thomas said there does not appear to be any safe level for lead in drinking water and, therefore, the agency could not set a numerical goal other than zero. The current Federal maximum contaminant level for lead, set in 1975, is 50 parts per billion in water at the tap, and a 20-parts-per-billion goal was proposed by the E.P.A. in 1985, agency officials said. Jack Sullivan of the American Water Works Association, a trade group of water suppliers, said his group had some reservations about implementing parts of the E.P.A. proposals, but generally thought the regulations could become workable. ''We've been advocating corrosion control programs for years, but they are tricky and have to be optimized for each water system,'' said Mr. Sullivan, the association's deputy director for government affairs. ''It's not as easy as some people think.'' Danger in Exposure to Lead Lead exposure from air, food, dust and drinking water can cause delayed physical and mental development in babies, impaired mental abilities in children, kidney damage and anemia, and hearing loss in children and adults. Even at low doses, contamination with the metal can cause interference with red blood cell formation, reduced birth weight and premature birth. Under the proposed E.P.A. rules, public drinking water systems would be required to sample tap water in homes that they serve, with the number and frequency of samplings varying with the size of the system. From this data, the suppliers would follow guidelines to put together programs to reduce corrosion if the average lead levels exceeded 10 parts per billion or if the water exceeded a certain acidity, an indication that it could cause future problems. These programs, which the E.P.A. estimates would cost about $200 million annually, would have to be approved by state authorities. Run Tap Water Before Use The consumer education program, to be conducted by the water suppliers, would involve such recommendations as running the water for several minutes before using it for drinking or for cooking to clear standing water that might have picked up lead in the pipes, and teaching consumers to identify lead pipe or lead-based solder on water pipes so that the material can be removed. The removal would be at the consumer's expense. Mr. Thomas said it would | E.P.A. Proposes Rules to Reduce Lead in Water |
175512_1 | than at the applications end,'' he said. ''Today's electrical engineers are doing things that physicists were trained to do 10 years ago.'' Among the recent projects of physicists are: testing materials for superconductivity of electricity; exploring the effects of radiation on human cells; developing containers to hold high-level radioactive wastes, and theoretical studies in space, time, energy and matter. Some of their discoveries will probably reach the engineering stage for practical applications. ''Physics still is a relatively small department at most universities,'' Dr. Montrose said, ''but the interest in it is more serious now than four or five years ago.'' For example, a few years ago women seldom majored in physics, but now about 30 percent of the students are women, he said. At Purdue, which has a large physics department, about 100 freshmen choose physics as a major, Dr. Loeffler said, but about 40 percent of them later drop out because ''it is a tough subject.'' The physics department, he added, ''is about the same size as the chemistry and biology departments.'' Dr. Montrose recalled: ''When I was a student in the late 1950's, space was the most exciting area of physics. Then in the late 1960's and 70's we entered a period of social awareness that attracted some of the best students. Toward the late 1970's and continuing into the 80's a renaissance in science has been sparked by the engineering challenges of today.'' Discussing the specialty areas in physics that appear to be growing, he said, ''There is more emphasis on astrophysics, such as developing instruments for observation in space, as a spillover from the space program.'' ''Optics has grown because of the invention of the laser, first as a research tool and now incorporated into practical devices,'' he said, adding that bricklayers now use laser equipment ''about the size of a flashlight'' to align bricks properly. The placing of sewer pipes is another utilitarian use. Yet 30 years ago there were discussions about dropping optics courses from curriculums because they were no longer interesting, Dr. Montrose said. Materials like ceramics and polymers have become popular study areas because of their increasing use in manufactured products. Ceramics, for example, sheathe space ships. Polymers are substances consisting of giant molecules formed from smaller molecules of the same substance. A major interest in sound continues because the Navy is encouraging research into underwater sound devices, Dr. Montrose said. To | Careers; Physicists Find Many Fields Open |
175340_4 | companies have successfully drawn a broader range of clients in recent years, including companies selling food, soap and beauty products. Helping the medium's image have been innovative, attention-grabbing campaigns from advertisers such as Nike Inc., the athletic shoe company, and bigger and more versatile signs that allow more creative displays, including the use of irregular shapes, lights and moving parts. Most billboards are pre-printed posters that are pasted up in pieces like wallpaper, although the larger ones are usually hand-painted to the specifications of advertising agencies. Compensation in Some Areas Federal and state laws require that billboard owners be compensated financially in many cases if they must tear down billboards to meet new restrictions. But in many cities that have limited the number of signs, few new ones were being erected anyway, industry executives say. ''Most cities enact restrictions that in the final analysis are livable for us,'' said James Mellody, a spokesman for the Patrick Media Group Inc., the nation's largest outdoor advertising company. Some politicians and billboard opponents, however, said concern about commercial signs has become an increasingly important component of the broader ''quality of life'' issue, encompassing all types of pollution and the effects of rapid population and economic growth. ''The residents of Jacksonville, like those in most growth areas of the country, want a certain quality of life, and that means they want to see visual pollution minimized,'' said Mayor Tommy Hazouri, who made billboard restrictions a major issue in his election campaign last year. Politicians who have tangled with the industry said the companies fight tooth and nail against any restrictions and compromise only when they have little chance of winning. 'Nobody Is More Powerful' ''I've fought the tobacco industry and the oil industry and lots of others, and nobody is more powerful than the billboard industry,'' said Marvin Braude, a Los Angeles City Councilman. Mr. Braude has been seeking restrictions for 15 years in Los Angeles, which has an estimated 10,000 billboards lining its traffic-clogged streets and freeways. Mr. Braude said hard-nosed lobbying by industry forces, including campaign contributions to politicians and warnings to the public that jobs would be lost if curbs are enacted, makes him pessimistic that he will be able to come up with the vote needed to reverse the 8-to-7 loss the proposed anti-billboard law suffered in June. ''The prospects are not bright,'' he said. Other cities have enacted restrictions | Challenging the Billboard Industry |
175513_4 | being used to turn post-consumer plastics from bottles, bags and automotive parts into new products. GE Plastics, a division of General Electric is studying the possibility of cars with recyclable plastic parts and houses built from recycled plastics. In the major commercial recycling operation today, 150 million pounds of carbonated beverage bottles are being recycled by six companies in the United States to recover polyethylene terephthalate or PET, a pure plastic resin designed to prevent carbon dioxide in the beverages from leaking out. Wellman Inc. of Johnsonville, S.C., the largest PET recycling company, has been recovering the material since the first bottle bills were passed in Oregon, Iowa and Michigan in 1979. Last year Wellman recycled 100 million pounds of plastic from the 890-million-pound beverage bottle industry into fiberfill and carpet facing. High-density polyethylene is also being recovered from industrial scrap and from communities with recycling efforts. Though often mixed with other plastics, the recovered material is being turned into a plastic lumber that can be used for fences, picnic tables and highway hardware like sign posts. System Developed in Europe Plastic Recycling Inc. of Iowa Falls, Iowa, uses 15,000 pounds of plastics a day to create car stops for parking lots as well as other products. Three years ago the Plastics Recycling Foundation approached the recycling center at Rutgers University to help industry develop technology for the recycling of plastics packaging. The center studies all aspects of recycling including collection, sorting, reclamation and marketing. But reclamation has attracted the most attention. In a technique similar to that being used commercially, the center is experimenting with a recycling system developed in Europe to turn mixed plastics into plastic lumber. Ground and dried plastics are drawn through a hydraulically driven extruder, similar to a hand-operated meat grinder, where the plastic melts through internal friction. The melted plastic is forced into a mold on a circular carriage that passes through a water bath to solidify the molded plastic. The center, unlike most of the companies that use recycled plastics, makes their research available to industry. Until now, most plastics recycling technology has been proprietary, hindering development. ''We have a long way to go,'' said Dr. Morrow of the Rutgers center. ''But plastics recycling has come a long way in a short time. What was once thought of as non-recyclable is now being recycled.'' Correction: August 31, 1988, Wednesday, Late City Final Edition | Plastics Industry, Under Pressure, Begins to Invest in Recycling |
175336_0 | LEAD: One of every four workers in the United States is now a college graduate as against just one in every five 10 years ago, the Labor Department said today in a report showing significant increases in education levels in the American work force. One of every four workers in the United States is now a college graduate as against just one in every five 10 years ago, the Labor Department said today in a report showing significant increases in education levels in the American work force. An additional 20 percent, up from 16 percent a decade ago, have completed one to three years of college, according to the new data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. At the same time, the proportion of workers without a high school diploma has declined from 24 percent in 1978 to 15 percent today, the bureau said. The share of the work force ending their formal education at the completion of high school remains unchanged at 40 percent. While differences in the proportion of college graduates still exist among white, black and Hispanic workers, all three groups have shown significant increases in the last 10 years. Among white workers, 26 percent are now college graduates, up from 21 percent in 1978. Fifteen percent of black workers and 13 percent of Hispanic workers are college graduates, up from 10 percent and 9 percent, respectively, a decade ago. Dropout Rates Declining Meanwhile, the percentage of high school dropouts has fallen from 40 percent to 23 percent for blacks, from 52 percent to 40 percent among Hispanic workers and from 14 percent to 8 percent among whites. The survey, taken in March, continued a pattern showing that workers with the most education encounter the least unemployment. The jobless rate for college graduates was just 1.7 percent, compared with 3.7 percent for workers with one to three years of college, 5.4 percent for high school gradutates and 9.4 percent for high school dropouts. However the unemployment rate for black college graduates, a record low of 3.3 percent, was still more than twice the 1.5 percent rate for white college graduates. While the proportion of working-age men in the labor force dropped slightly, from 89.8 percent in 1978 to 88.6 percent this year, it increased dramatically for women. Sixty-six percent of women of working age now hold jobs or are actively seeking them, as against 56.1 percent a | U.S. Reports Significant Rise In Education of Work Force |
168987_4 | no household help, and I mow my own grass and do my own filing,'' said the Ambassador, who studied at Oxford and has a graduate degree in history from Georgetown University. Envoy to 11 Nations He also serves as envoy to Canada and nine Latin American countries, including Cuba. ''I have 11 kites in the air and I have to make sure they all fly,'' he noted. Leonard H. Robinson, a former deputy assistant secretary for African Affairs who now heads the African Development Foundation, said the Ambassador does well at that. Mauritius, whose population is one million, ''is looked upon as the Hong Kong or Singapore of the African orbit, but it is also an unknown country and has little weight in the world at large,'' Mr. Robinson said. ''Jesseramsing doesn't have a lot of blue chips to play but he has done a marvelous job of keeping this little island nation visible in Washington.'' Mr. Jesseramsing noted that because of the division of power in Washington, representatives of small nations find they can be effective working the fringes. ''You have to knock at many doors to put across your particular piece of a story, but the advantage is that you have an opportunity for a second opinion,'' he said. ''It doesn't matter how big, how small, how poor your country is, if you hit a dead end, you can continue to argue your case. There are other doors you can try to open.'' Trade remains a top priority. His country is seeking to wean itself from dependency on sugar sales, which have dropped. The annual sales quota to the United States, for example, has dropped from 100,000 tons to 10,000. As Mauritius has been working to diversify its growing manufacturing base, exports to the United States have increased from $28 million in 1983 to $120 million in 1987. ''We decided we would sell you other things,'' he explained as he spoke of the shirts, the jewlery, the eyeglass frames and the greeting cards that are now imported here from Mauritius. ''When we hit the sugar wall,'' said the Ambassador, ''I went to Boston to talk to bio-technology firms. Now they are coming into Mauritius and setting up plants to splice genes and go into medical applications. We are going to do it in Mauritius and we are going to sell it to the world.'' WASHINGTON TALK: EMBASSY ROW | Mauritius Envoy Makes a Study of American Life |
168983_0 | LEAD: Preaching this morning at the closing ceremony of a world meeting of Anglican bishops, the head of the Episcopal Church in the United States reinforced sensitive themes that have been identified with the American presence here - the role of women and the transformation of the church. Preaching this morning at the closing ceremony of a world meeting of Anglican bishops, the head of the Episcopal Church in the United States reinforced sensitive themes that have been identified with the American presence here - the role of women and the transformation of the church. In an interview the previous evening, Robert A. Runcie, the Archbishop of Canterbury, praised the Episcopal Church, the American branch of the Anglican family of churches. The Archbishop's praise contrasted with the sharp criticism, especially in the British press, of the American church for its announced intention to consecrate women as bishops despite objections by some Anglicans. One paper published a photo of Bishop John Spong of Newark in a jogging suit with an article by Bishop Graham Leonard that portrayed Bishop Spong as representative of American church leaders who were ''running the church towards disorder.'' Last week, the conference of bishops, which began on July 16, ultimately voted not to oppose the Episcopal Church's decision. 'Vulnerable to Sentimentality' Archbishop Runcie described members of the Episcopal Church as ''spirited Christians'' who are generous and adventurous although ''vulnerable to sentimentality.'' As head of the Church of England, the Archbishop of Cantebury is the focus of unity for the 27 national and regional churches around the globe that have Anglican origins. Archbishop Runcie, who had never visited the United States before 1979, said he was often astonished by the outspokenness of Episcopal bishops and he described some of its leadership as ''rather radical - bishops with ideas that would get them into a lot of trouble in Britain.'' Despite what he saw as the independence and congregational tendencies of American Episopalianism, Archbishop Runcie credited it with being among ''the most loyal'' of churches to the larger communion of world Anglicanism. The Episcopal Church, he said, ''has tried not just to be an independent American sect.'' In the sermon this morning at Canterbury Cathedral, Bishop Edmond L. Browning, presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, contrasted the faithfulness of the women who followed Jesus, as portrayed in St. Matthew's narrative of the crucifixion and Resurrection, to the unreliability of | Anglican Leader Praises the American Church |
169004_6 | day after the second night game. The irony of the most dreaded night for the anti-lights forces is that the hysteria surrounding the demand for tickets may help pay for their legal effort. After 1.5 million phone calls were made in an attempt to buy the remaining 13,000 seats, Newfeld won 2 tickets. She said a check with the lawyers revealed that a generous donation to the fund of the nonprofit Lake View Citizens Council would be a legally acceptable way for some eager fan to see history and the residents to improve their situation. That is, say, $1,000 for the two seats. ''It's not scalping,'' Newfeld said. ''It's justice.'' It figured that the charm of a franchise that had been based upon decades of failure would be threatened by success. The Cubs have not won a World Series in 80 years and a pennant in 43. But the division championship in 1984, and the possible disruption of the World Series schedule in order to satisfy television requirements for night games, intensified the controversy. The sudden significance of the bottom line is what bothered many Cub fans. Their team chased free agents without displaying the hucksterism they had seen elsewhere. This was different. Framed by an urban environment that had changed for the better, the Friendly Confines did not require light towers. Despite the limitations of a park with just 39,012 seats, the Cubs are on a pace to exceed 2 million in home attendance for the fourth time in five seasons. Their home just presented a game in its purest form, a timeless formula of green grass, ivy and sunshine that somehow made winning and losing seem less important than the act of being there. All those years in the depths of the National League, and the Cub fans still had something to look down upon. Until tonight. Check out the Opening Night price list: Special cap - $12 Special 16 oz. mug - $6 Special pennant - $3.50 Special all-cotton T-shirt - $15 Special key chain - $2.50 Special lighter - $2.50 Special night shirt - $25 Special program - $5 The Cubs are not alone in this effort. Their official souvenir list does not include the T-shirts that have been produced by two of Wrigleyville's most popular bars. Or the pure silver commemorative medallion available for $24.95 (a portion of the profit will go to Chicago Tribune | JUICES FLOW IN CHICAGO AS WRIGLEY LIGHTS UP |
167149_0 | LEAD: The Environmental Protection Agency today announced final regulations for cutting production and use of chemicals widely believed to be depleting the earth's protective ozone layer. The move would bring the United States into compliance with an international agreement to curb the substances. The Environmental Protection Agency today announced final regulations for cutting production and use of chemicals widely believed to be depleting the earth's protective ozone layer. The move would bring the United States into compliance with an international agreement to curb the substances. The regulations require initially freezing production of the chemicals at 1986 levels and then reducing production in stages over a period of years. They do not propose eliminating the chemicals, but the agency hopes industrial users will eventually turn voluntarily to substitutes. Industrial and developing nations drafted a treaty in Montreal last September to cut worldwide production and consumption of two families of chemicals: chlorofluorocarbons, which are widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning, and halon, used in fire-extinguishing foam. U.S. Ratified Treaty The treaty was signed by 37 nations and has been ratified by six, including the United States. The E.P.A. regulations are to take effect next July 1 if international ratification is completed as expected by Jan. 1. The agency said it was seeking comment on ways to eliminate what could be multibillion-dollar windfall profits to chemical producers as an unintended result of the production cutbacks. Prices will increase as a result of more demand for a dwindling supply of chemicals, and E.P.A. officials said they wanted comment on two methods that could take excess profits from the companies and put them in the Treasury. A regulatory fee similar to a tax would be one method considered; auctioning production rights another. Excess profits, some fear, could create an incentive for producers to delay the introduction of substitute chemicals with lower profit margins. Regulators hope restricted supplies, higher prices and the availability of substitutes will move users to the alternatives, said Eileen Claussen, acting E.P.A. deputy assistant administrator for air and radiation. But if these measures fail to move some large industries to alternatives, the agency would consider restricting or banning use of the older chemicals in some circumstances, she said. Scientists believe the chemicals drift to the upper atmosphere and destroy ozone, which filters out some of the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. The E.P.A. estimates that the new regulations will prevent | Chemicals Affecting Ozone Face Limits on Production |
167174_2 | Lynn, director of the career development center at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, noticed that securities firms were interested in hiring engineers as investment bankers, in part because of their analytical, mathematical and computer abilities. Wall Street's interest in engineers continues despite the October stock market crash, she said yesterday. ''The numbers are not in yet, but I bet there is equal and possibly more interest by Wall Street firms this year than last summer,'' she said. ''Maybe the firms have unloaded at higher levels, but they are bringing in our people in all disciplines.'' Ms. Lynn noted that an aeronautical engineering major has just taken a job with the Paine Webber Group. ''He sent several Wall Street firms resumes after receiving offers from engineering companies.'' she said. The demand for civil engineers has also climbed, Ms. Lynn said. ''It is the best discipline for job getting.'' She said that more engineers from Rensselaer are seeking teaching jobs. So, the Troy, N.Y., institute will begin a program this fall that includes an internship and courses for engineers in cooperation with nearby Russell Sage College. At the Colorado School of Mines, ''one thing we have noticed in the past few years is that more of our students are looking at companies outside of traditional oil, gas and energy fields,'' said Diana M. Doyle, the director of student development and careers planning and placement. ''One area of interest is manufacturing.'' She said that among the new corporate recruiters to visit the Colorado campus in Golden, Colo., earlier this year was the Procter & Gamble Company, which was seeking manufacturing engineers. ''Shell, Conoco and ARCO are regulars, but Southern California Gas came here for the first time this year looking for petroleum, chemical and electrical engineers,'' Ms. Doyle said. ''We have seen an upturn in demand for petroleum engineers,'' she added. A few years ago, Dr. George S. Ansell, the president of the Colorado School of Mines, predicted an upturn in demand for both petroleum and mining engineers. Now, Ms. Doyle said, ''the mining graduates in May have all been placed.'' Average engineering salaries have risen about 2 percent for this year, Ms. Doyle said. Graduates with bachelor of science degrees are being offered $28,000 to $29,000 a year, she said, and those with masters degrees are being offered more than $30,000 for entry-level positions. ''It has been a positive recruiting year.'' she said. | Careers; Finding Jobs In Smaller Specialties |
167074_0 | LEAD: Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, in a move that startled and angered traditionalists in the Church of England, has spoken in support of the ordination of women. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, in a move that startled and angered traditionalists in the Church of England, has spoken in support of the ordination of women. ''I personally think that there will be women in the priesthood, and I do not myself find it at odds with the Christian doctrine,'' Mrs. Thatcher said Saturday night as 525 Anglican bishops from 160 countries, meeting in Canterbury, considered the bitterly divisive issue of the ordination of women. Mrs. Thatcher's stand was criticized on Sunday by several leading Anglican figures. ''It is all very well for Mrs. Thatcher to say that the ordination of women is not against Christian theology, but I do not recall that she has studied theology,'' Bishop Richard Rutt of Leicester said. The Rev. Dr. William Oddie, an Oxford theologian who has campaigned against the ordination of women, observed: ''It is a theological question and not a secular one. While I am happy to hear her views on politics because she is a politician, I am not happy to hear her views on the nature of holy orders. It is outside her competence.'' | Ordination of Women Fine With Thatcher |
167204_0 | LEAD: Bishops from Anglican churches around the world endorsed a compromise plan today for maintaining their ties, despite continuing divisions over the consecration of women as bishops. Bishops from Anglican churches around the world endorsed a compromise plan today for maintaining their ties, despite continuing divisions over the consecration of women as bishops. The question of women as bishops has hung over the proceedings of the 500 Anglican bishops assembled here at the Lambeth Conference since July 16. The bishops are the religious leaders of more than 70 million people worldwide belonging to 28 national or regional churches that trace their origins to the Church of England. While some of those churches refuse to ordain women as priests, others, like the Episcopal Church in the United States, have ordained women for more than a decade and are on the verge of choosing women to be bishops. Some bishops opposed to the ordaining of women threatened to boycott the Lambeth Conference, the international meeting of Anglican bishops that is held every 10 years, if women were chosen as bishops in time to attend. When that did not come about, some here expressed concern that this might be the last Lambeth Conference. But a majority of the bishops today declared their intention to respect their differences and to maintain an ''open dialogue'' that would include any women who became bishops. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, was directed to appoint a commission to study the strains and theological problems connected with the consecration of women as bishops. The panel would insure consultations on the issue among different branches of Anglicanism and among other churches that do not ordain women, like the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In another test of the mood of the conference, the bishops voted 277-187 against a resolution that the churches ''refrain from consecrating a woman as bishop.'' That resolution would almost certainly have been ignored by the Americans, Canadians and New Zealanders, because the Lambeth Conference has only an advisory role in the Anglican Communion. But the resolution would have put the burden of divisiveness on the churches in those countries. That burden has now been lifted, and with women among those being considered for elevation as Episcopal bishops in Massachusetts and Minnesota, what has been a hypothetical issue may soon become a practical concern. A Cooperative Effort Behind the compromise today was a | Anglicans Avoid Outright Split on Role of Women |
167120_1 | the spirited debate between conservative and progressive factions, Archbishop Dearden was a central figure, siding with the progressives. Earlier, he was an active participant in his community, backing equal employment opportunities and encouraging Catholic lay people to improve Detroit's racial climate. In 1966 Archbishop Deardon was elected president of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, serving until 1971, when he was succeeded by John Cardinal Krol of Philadelphia, a leading conservative in the American church. After Vatican II, he drew national attention with his innovative approach to the new liturgy and teachings. Led Delegation to World Synod For instance, after Paul VI restored the lay deaconate in 1967, on the recommendation of Vatican II, Cardinal Dearden - he was elevated to Cardinal in 1969 - was quick to seize the opportunity to augment a shrinking regular clergy. In 1971 he ordained 13 married laymen as deacons, filling a church office that had been in disuse more than 1,000 years. The deacons were among the first Americans to complete the training to perform most priestly functions, except to offer Mass, hear confessions and give last rites. In 1971 he led the American delegation to the third Synod of Bishops, called to advise Pope Paul VI on the issue of social justice and the problem that led to the revival of the deaconate: the dearth of seminarians and ordained priests. The synod had been established after Vatican II to provide the Pope with continuing counsel from the bishops on important issues facing the church. In the mid-1970's, at the time of the American Bicentennial, he headed a church committee that undertook a two-year study of public issues. Hearings and debates involved 1,350 delegates chosen from 150 dioceses by their bishops. They adopted a five-year, 182-point ''Call for Action'' agenda at a 1976 conference in Detroit and submitted it to the Conference of Bishops. Many of the 182 proposals, on social justice and the like, were approved by the bishops. Others, which went against basic church tenets on divorce, contraception and the ordination of women, were discarded. ''Right now I could not vote for women in the priesthood,'' Cardinal Dearden said. ''There are too many theological objections.'' Speculation of Papal Snub While some liberal Catholics thought the Cardinal was not moving fast enough toward reform, conservatives considered him too radical. In 1979, when the United Nations Secretary General, Kurt Waldheim, invited Pope John | John Cardinal Dearden, 80, Dies; Leading Liberal Voice in Church |
173118_0 | LEAD: The French Government announced an agreement today on the future of New Caledonia that offers amnesty for many jailed Melanesian separatists and sets rules for a referendum in 1998 on independence for the South Pacific territory. The French Government announced an agreement today on the future of New Caledonia that offers amnesty for many jailed Melanesian separatists and sets rules for a referendum in 1998 on independence for the South Pacific territory. After all-night talks, Louis Le Pensec, France's Minister for Overseas Territories, said the Government and the main separatist and loyalist groups had reached an accord that satisfied the concerns of the principal separatist group, which had threatened to scuttle a previous agreement. New Caledonia was the most volatile issue facing Prime Minister Michel Rocard when he became Prime Minister in May. On May 5, French troops launched an assault that resulted in the deaths of 19 Melanesian separatists who were holding 23 hostages. Two French soldiers died in the assault. The separatists also killed four policemen when they seized the hostages two weeks earlier. French political analysts say that resolving the New Caledonia crisis is important to Mr. Rocard to help improve France's image in the Pacific. Australia, New Zealand and several other Pacific nations have condemned France for maintaining a colonialist policy that they said left white settlers in a position of economic and social dominance over the Melanesians. The Government plans to hold a referendum in France this autumn on the new accord. On Wednesday, Prime Minister Rocard announced that he would travel to New Caledonia Aug. 26-28. On June 26, France announced a major accord with the separatists and loyalists calling for a referendum on self-determination in 1998, direct rule by Paris during 1989, and increased economic development efforts for the colony. That agreement also called for setting up three autonomous regions within New Caledonia, one to be dominated by white settlers and the other two by Melanesians. After that agreement, however, the main separatist group, the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front, which represents native Melanesians, demanded modifications in the accord, especially regarding amnesty for 200 Melanesians in jail. Hard-Liners Attack Plan This morning, Mr. Le Pensec announced that there would be amnesty for jailed Kanak separatists except for those being held in connection with killings. The accord also sets rules for who will vote in the 1998 referendum. In New Caledonia today, several | France Announces Accord on New Caledonia |
173023_4 | Mark, pacing his Princeton office on a recent morning. ''To understand precisely where Boston's trouble-plagued 1970's Hancock Tower went wrong, for instance, we need to look backwards, analyzing the structural track records of great monuments like Chartres, or London's 1708 St. Paul's - or even the Pantheon, which was old when Rome fell.'' Gothic cathedrals, where architectural mysteries abound, offer irresistible targets for Mr. Mark's brand of detective work. Were the elegant fretted pinnacles on medieval rooflines put there for ornament or function? (For function: they stabilize the piers below on windy days.) Do flying buttressess really stop cathedral walls from exploding outward? (Yes, and a good thing, too, says Mr. Mark, since the lateral forces of High Gothic vaulting are equivalent to more than the weight of a 20-ton truck.) By testing architectural history's legends through structural mechanics, Mr. Mark's 23-year studies challenge - or confirm - the preconceptions of centuries. Such meticulous investigations into early building methods don't stem from idle curiosity: Of the thousands of Gothic buildings begun in the 12th century and after, for example, many collapsed. The cathedrals at Amiens, Bourges and Chartres we admire today are the success stories of a height-obsessed age. To build on a prodigious, visionary scale, medieval architects took structural gambles, thrusting bays ever higher, making walls ever thinner, pushing their luck as relentlessly as any modern test pilot. ''Medieval builders learned fast,'' said Mr. Mark. ''Problems with Notre Dame in Paris quickly caused changes at Bourges, more than 100 miles south. The sudden addition of extra flying buttresses, during construction, to all sorts of 13th-century projects argues for a very effective grapevine as to solutions to problems created by the wind at the topmost levels of Notre Dame. At Bourges's west end, you can see exactly where a second master lost his nerve and went back to heavy buttresses, even though the original design was brilliantly correct. Likewise, the builders of 157-foot Beauvais saw their cathedral collapse twice. Out of hubris, they rejected the insights of their colleagues, and paid dearly for it.'' Throughout its survey of the dynamics of design, ''Master Builders'' does not hesitate to issue pointed challenges to the way contemporary structures are built. ''Architectural schools today strongly downplay the actual experience of construction,'' said Mr. Mark. ''It's fashionable to herald drawings of unbuildable architecture as 'heroic'; even to view technological considerations as a hindrance to | Unmasking the Frailties of Stone and Steel |
172930_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Marilyn French, in her review of a George Sand biography and a newly translated Sand novel (July 17), describes Sand as a writer who ''created images new to literature, of love between people of different classes and backgrounds.'' In fact, Sand was not the first French writer to address such themes. Mme. de Duras (Claire Lechat de Kersaint, 1777-1828) published only two novels during her lifetime: ''Ourika'' (1824) and ''Edouard'' (1825). The first describes a failed interracial relationship, while the second concerns class. In showing explicitly how these relationships are doomed because of social prejudice, Mme. de Duras is an important precursor of many works concerned with social reform, and is as deserving of enlightened re-evaluation as Sand. MELANIE C. HAWTHORNE Milwaukee | George Sand, New and Old |
173094_1 | slowest rate in the world and its population at the fastest. In per capita terms, harvests declined about 10 percent in the last decade. ''The situation is actually getting worse,'' said Kevin M. Cleaver, a World Bank economist who specializes in African agriculture. Bank figures show that Africa's food production increased by 1.2 percent a year from 1980 to 1986. But in the same period, the continent's population grew 3.1 percent a year. Expanding populations put more pressure on already weak soils. In some regions, fallow times for fields have been cut from 20 years to 2 years. The ratio of trees cut to trees replanted in Africa is 29 to 1. The continent also has irregular rains. In the late 1970's and early 1980's, drought plagued the Sahel countries, in the belt below the Sahara. Today, in the worst flooding in decades, seeds are rotting in fields in the Sudan, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Locusts have started eating food crops in a swath from Senegal to the Sudan. But man played a big part in stunting nature. Africa's post-colonial elites taxed farmers heavily, in the form of artificially low prices for crops, heavy export levies, high exchange rates and state-run marketing boards. The wealth went largely to urban civil service bureaucracies or unprofitable state-run industries. Without financial incentives, many farms regressed to a subsistence level and peasants migrated to cities, swelling the constituency for artificially cheap food. Civil wars devastated food production in Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. Before Angola became independent in 1976, the Central Intelligence Agency estimated that it could produce enough to feed 250 million people, more than half of sub-Saharan Africa's current population. After a decade of civil war, Angola imports half of the food for its nine million people. By the mid-1980's, Mr. Cleaver said, ''it began to dawn on many of us that it was not the fundamental lack of investment but this very sad policy environment.'' The first changes were fiscal. In the 1970's, sub-Saharan African governments allocated an average of 7.6 percent of their budgets to agriculture. In 1985, 28 African countries pledged to raise that figure to 20 to 25 percent by 1989. Today, 24 of the countries devote a quarter or more of their budgets to agriculture. At the same time, the World Bank and other international organizations have pressured countries to abandon state-run marketing boards and | IDEAS & TRENDS: Help for farmers; Africa's Push To Become Self-Sufficient |
173069_0 | LEAD: As one who has sailed tens of thousands of miles on many of the oceans of the world, I read with great interest Tom Wicker's article ''Rough Passage'' (July 24). The central theme of relinquishing control of one's life to the unpredictable and, perhaps unready, younger generation was beautifully delineated. As one who has sailed tens of thousands of miles on many of the oceans of the world, I read with great interest Tom Wicker's article ''Rough Passage'' (July 24). The central theme of relinquishing control of one's life to the unpredictable and, perhaps unready, younger generation was beautifully delineated. On the other hand, the perils of the voyage seemed hard on Mr. Wicker. It has been observed that prolonged exposure in small boats to foul weather may create exaggerated psychological swings of mood and emotion. Additionally, medicines for seasickness sometimes prevent the body from adjusting to boat motion. Mr. Wicker may be glad to know that even Lord Nelson was often seasick on first going to sea after prolonged periods ''on the beach.'' NICHOLAS HOMANS DAVIS Denver LETTERS | ROUGH PASSAGE |
170516_0 | LEAD: New York City really is a tropical rain forest. The National Weather Service says so. For forty days and forty nights, the temperatures along the Hudson have been comparable to those along the Amazon. So has the humidity. Small wonder the natives talk more frequently than usual about thinking they are going mad. New York City really is a tropical rain forest. The National Weather Service says so. For forty days and forty nights, the temperatures along the Hudson have been comparable to those along the Amazon. So has the humidity. Small wonder the natives talk more frequently than usual about thinking they are going mad. Few New Yorkers, after all, have ever known what it is to live in a climate where the sweat never dries. They all do now. The high-pressure air is so saturated it can scarcely absorb another drop. Nor have many New Yorkers ever longed for, making allowances for certain quirky tastes, a grass skirt or a palm-leaf loincloth. Either would make better sense than a stick-to-the-body synthetic, and more of a fashion statement too. Never, surely, did New Yorkers imagine the day when they would prefer to wait 10 . . . 15 . . . even 20 minutes for a bus rather than dive into a steamy subway station or hail a cab. That day has come. Most city buses, but not all subway lines, are now air-conditioned. Never, surely, have they been so clean - so briefly. All over town tubs are running, showers are spraying, washing machines are humming and dry cleaners are weeping for joy. But let them put on the fresh shirt, the fresh blouse, and it starts all over again. The sweat. At night, they lie in bed listening for the sound of rain falling on the air conditioner, and brood about tin roofs and sudden cloudbursts and palms shaking their heads in the darkness. They think of Joan Crawford in ''Rain,'' losing her marbles in sweltering Pago Pago. Of Bette Davis in ''The Letter,'' shooting her lover in the dense Malayan night. They wonder how to make the kind of tropical drinks people were said to sip on punkah-fanned porches: a Planter's Punch, say, or a Singapore Sling or Ramos Gin Fizz. And they pray for a wind from the north. | It's a Jungle Out There |
170434_1 | on inexpensive labor to manufacture cheap products for export, and later through integrated, highly developed economies that compete worldwide in a vast array of goods and services. This is the pattern that China wants to copy, and it intends to do so along the 1,800-mile littoral that protrudes into the China Sea. The policy is perhaps most apparent here in Shunde, 1,200 miles south of Beijing and just 40 miles from Hong Kong. 'Opportunities Have Been Missed' ''Opportunities to develop the areas have been missed in the past,'' the Communist Party leader, Zhao Ziyang, said in a speech this year. ''We cannot allow ourselves to miss this chance again, and we should have a sense of urgency.'' ''In general,'' Mr. Zhou continued, ''with a population of 100 million to 200 million, the coastal areas should have their enterprises edge into the world market and further take part in international exchange and competition in a well-guided, planned, systematic manner, and make great efforts to develop an export-oriented economy. We must regard it as a strategic issue.'' In large measure, Mr. Zhao was giving official sanction to an economic design that has assumed a life of its own in the last several years. But more, his pronouncements underlined the importance of this spontaneous economic activity as a crucial element in China's overall development and gave added impetus to coastal regions that have lagged behind. The emphasis on the coastal provinces marks a definitive rupture with the original Maoist vision of socialist industrialization. After his ascent to power, Mao tried to shatter the structure of China's industrial development, a structure that had concentrated industries in the northeast and in selected coastal cities. In Mao's words, ''This irrational situation is a product of history.'' Mao, whose revolutionary experiences in China's interior instilled in him a profound empathy for the deep-seated poverty of these areas, pushed an economic policy in the country's first five-year plan that distributed heavy industry throughout the hinterland, favoring cities like Wuhan, Chongqing, Taiyuan, Loyang and Lanzhou. Lighter industries were also organized in inland provinces, where they were expected to haul the hinterland out of its backwardness into socialist modernity. What Mr. Zhao has effectively admitted in his desire to concentrate on the coast is that Mao's developmental egalitarianism was not only hopelessly naive politically but that it also made no sense in blunt economic terms because pouring scarce resources into | Along the Chinese Coastline, Economic Dragon Awakens |
170849_4 | mobile restaurant and amusement park.'' Some people even forget they are in a wilderness. ''We've had people come here and ask if there was any way they could telephone their office,'' said Mr. McDonnell, who tells his clients that once they arrived, they're on river time: no watches needed. ''When we tell them 'no way,' you get that sinking feeling that they're going to turn around and go back,'' he said. ''Well, we haven't lost one yet.'' Risks, but It's Democratic All this brings predictible scorn from people who see rafting as just the latest fad, a cushy form of the style of adventure that has so captivated corporate managers in recent years. ''No doubt it's a way to impress your boss and your friends,'' said David Brown, executive director of the Eastern Professional River Outfitters, which is made up of 78 companies that provide rafting services from Canada to Costa Rica. ''It makes a statement that here is a person willing to take risks.'' But other enthusiasts say they find rafting much more democratic than, say, sailing or skiing. For one thing, no skills are required, not even swimming, the operators say. For another, everyone looks a little weird in life vests and, on difficult rivers, helmets. In warm weather, rafters wear shorts or bathing suits. In cold weather operators provide wet suits, which may fit. ''It's hard putting on airs when you're standing there freezing, clammy and dressed in a bright orange wet suit looking like a human cold tablet,'' said Dean Friedman, a 33-year-old musician from Peekskill, N.Y. Sign Here and Take the Risk That is also when people come face to face with the fact that they are about to embark on something more than a roller coaster ride. As customers collect their gear they are given a waiver to sign, drawn up to absolve the operators of responsibility for injury or death. ''It wasn't until then that I realized how serious this was,'' said Alison Pascoe-Friedman of Peekskill. ''You're taking your life into your hands. I hadn't expected that.'' But for Linda Koegler of Wayne, Pa., ''That's part of the excitement.'' Mrs. Koegler, a medical research supervisor, took her first rafting trip 10 years ago and her most recent one last month on the Kennebec River in Maine. ''Life is filled with risks, some worth taking,'' she said. ''Rafting is definitely in that rare category.'' | Millions Flee Life's Toils To Risk Lives on Rafts |
170757_1 | Federal Express, when electronic mail can instantly link every desk in the office with the outside world - who uses an anachronism like telex? About 1.7 million subscribers worldwide, it turns out. Apparently the system does not know that it is extinct, and even though modern electronic message systems are reducing the telex universe by 10 percent to 15 percent a year, analysts say, telex remains the international standard for communication among bankers, brokers, commodity traders, travel agencies and a number of other industries. It is also the only reliable way to contact some corners of the world. Until recently the only way to communicate with a telex machine was to lease a telex machine or to pay someone who had one. But now, with the personal computer, a modem and a subscription to an inexpensive electronic mail service, any executive can send and receive telex messages with relative ease. To use the telex system from a personal computer, an executive begins by typing type a message on-screen, using the office's standard word-processing package. Then, using the modem and communications software, dials up one of the electronic mail systems - like MCI Mail, Compuserve Easyplex and Infoplex, or A.T.& T. Mail. If your office uses the MCI software package CommDesk Manager, you can gain access to MCI Mail without interrupting the word processing, a process known as background communication. This software will also monitor the user's electronic mailbox and signal if incoming telex messages or other E-mail are received. Or the executive can simply instruct the modem to dial an MCI Mail local access number. Once connected, the sender enters the telex receiver's electronic address code, just as he or she would enter another electronic mail address but with the word telex in parentheses. MCI will also ask for something called an answerback code and a country code, which the sender needs to have to send any telex. Getting the right telex address can be the hardest part of the process; telex addresses are not available through the computer. One needs to buy a telex directory, like a phone book. Several such directories, often broken down by countries or continents, are available for prices ranging from $20 to more than $500. Two suppliers are Jaeger & Waldmann Inc. (516 433-6767) and the Green Continental Company (916 345-7599). Depending on the communications software used, the sender can then hit a button | Sending a Telex From Your Desk |
170884_1 | the papacy in 1534. ''We have no intention of developing an alternative papacy,'' Robert A. Runcie, the Archbishop of Canterbury, said. That would contradict the very impulse that gave birth to Anglicanism in the first place. And it would become a new obstacle to any eventual reunion with Rome. The question of how to be theologically consistent while maintaining the Anglican spirit of openness was forcibly raised, though ultimately not resolved, by the declared intention of the Episcopal Church of the United States and its fellow Anglican churches in Canada and New Zealand to consecrate women as bishops. Although these churches have been ordaining women to the priesthood for over a decade, a step many Anglicans in other parts of the world still oppose, consecrating female bishops is much more explosive. In the end, the issue was settled, as so often in Anglicanism, with a compromise. The Americans were given the green light to consecrate women as bishops. But the conference withheld judgment on the fundamental principle of whether women should be made priests or bishops. In effect, the church decided that it would just have to live with this strained situation for a while, and a special commission was assigned the job of regulating the practical relationships between Anglican branches that did and did not recognize female bishops so that neither would lose their integrity. To critics, this polite agreement to disagree revealed not an exercise of authority but its absence. Others, however, could appreciate the predicament. In many ways, the bishops' gathering at Canterbury resembled the divided world around them. In this latest of Lambeth Conferences, which take their name from their 19th-century meeting place at Lambeth Palace, the Archbishop of Canterbury's London residence, it was not hard to see something like a gathering of sovereign nations, whether around a negotiating table or at the United Nations. For the first time, speeches were simultaneously translated into five official languages - English, Spanish, French, Japanese and Swahili. Archbishop Runcie was busy trying to nudge and negotiate the way to agreement much as would a United Nations Secretary General. Ultimately, individal churches will follow the conference's strictly advisory declarations only if they feel their particular concerns are respected in the debates. What Anglicans are seeking, said Archbishop Keith Rayner of Adelaide, Australia, is an authority that is ''consultative'' rather than ''jurisdictional,'' an authority working by moral weight and persuasion rather | The Anglicans' Non-Universal Church |
170902_0 | LEAD: The Brazilian federal police have brought charges against an American anthropologist who accompanied two Amazon Indian leaders on a visit to Washington earlier this year. The Brazilian federal police have brought charges against an American anthropologist who accompanied two Amazon Indian leaders on a visit to Washington earlier this year. Brazilian authorities have apparently been angered because the Kaiapo Indians were received by officials of the World Bank, the State Department and Treasury Department as well as Congressional staff members. The Indians complained of official mistreatment and the destruction of their jungle environment. A major focus of their complaints was a hydroelectric dam complex planned along the Xingu River in central Brazil, which is scheduled to flood up to 20 million acres, including Kaiapo lands. The decision to press charges against Darrell Posey, a 41-year-old anthropologist and biologist from Kentucky, seemed aimed at sending a warning about the limits of official tolerance of protests abroad. Representatives of Brazil's estimated 220,000 Indians have become increasingly vocal at home, but few have traveled abroad. Dr. Posey, who translated for the two Kaiapo, has been charged with violating a law that forbids foreigners to interfere in Brazil's internal affairs. A spokesman of the federal police in Brasilia said that if found guilty, Dr. Posey ''will be expelled.'' Denying the Indians a Voice ''The police want me to admit that I unlawfully took the Indians to Washington,'' Dr. Posey said. ''The real issue here is the right of the Indians to speak for themselves about whatever, and wherever, they want.'' Jose Carlos Castro, Dr. Posey's lawyer, has argued that his client cannot be punished for any criticism he or others made in the United States unless he violated American law. Dr. Posey has studied the Kaiapo, a group of ancient warrior tribes, for the last 11 years and is coordinator of the department of ethnobiology at the Emilio Goeldi Museum in the Amazonian city of Belem. He and the Kaiapo traveled to Miami in late January to attend a conference on tropical rain forests at Florida International University, which paid all expenses. The federal police here provided the Kaiapo with passports, and the regional director of the National Indian Foundation authorized their travel to Miami. Members of the National Wildlife Federation and the Environmental Defense Fund, two American conservation groups, said they provided further funds at the Miami conference and set up a | Brazil Accuses Scholar Of Aiding Indian Protest |
170807_0 | LEAD: Coverage by the press of events in Northern Ireland has produced an unintended, and unwelcome, consequence for British authorities - the awakening of conscience among Americans of Irish descent. Non-jury trials, detention without cause, mistreatment of prisoners, official cover-ups and sanctioning of police and military brutality are but some of the more recent examples of an atavistic Whitehall meanness toward the Irish people that are provoking anger among normally passive Irish-Americans. Coverage by the press of events in Northern Ireland has produced an unintended, and unwelcome, consequence for British authorities - the awakening of conscience among Americans of Irish descent. Non-jury trials, detention without cause, mistreatment of prisoners, official cover-ups and sanctioning of police and military brutality are but some of the more recent examples of an atavistic Whitehall meanness toward the Irish people that are provoking anger among normally passive Irish-Americans. JAMES C. REILLY South Salem, N.Y. | GENERATIONS OF TORMENT |
168716_3 | screenwriter and critic. Mr. Garrett expanded the graduate class to its present size (about 12 to 15 a year, evenly divided between fiction writers and poets), added an emphasis on film that the program still retains and organized a memorable conference on literature and film. Mr. Garrett also made Hollins a place where informal faculty-student socializing is as important as what goes on in the classroom. One of his students, the poet and short-story writer David Huddle (author of ''The High Spirits'' and ''A Dream With No Stump Roots in It'') recalled long afternoons when Mr. Garrett would ''hire'' him and a fellow student to do yard work. The hours would pass as the three leaned on their rakes, discussing books and writers. Then, at the afternoon's end, Mr. Garrett, standing in his all-but-untouched yard, would solemnly pay his two ''helpers'' an hourly wage. They would drive off and spend their ''wages'' on champagne, which they would bring back to Mr. Garrett's house and drink while the discussion continued. Since 1971, when Mr. Garrett left, the soul of the program has been R. H. W. Dillard, the poet (his most recent book is ''The Greeting: New and Selected Poems''), novelist (''The Book of Changes,'' ''The First Man on the Sun''), critic and, by wide agreement, one of the most remarkable teachers in America. Mr. Dillard's personal style is flamboyantly eccentric. His sartorial style combines the best elements of Eastern Europe and Appalachia: typical teaching wear may include blue jeans, a Greek fisherman's cap and a vaguely Slavic jerkin. He is an authority on American horror films and once played a rather mild-mannered Dracula in a student French-language soap opera, ''Les Ombres Sombres,'' a parody of the television program ''Dark Shadows.'' At the Hollins snack bar, where he often presides over a table of faculty members, graduate students and undergraduates lunching on cheeseburgers and potato chips, his table talk is densely allusive, skipping rapidly from baseball to Scottish philosophy to politics to jazz to Mad magazine. But Mr. Dillard's zany facade only lightly disguises a deep passion for books and writing: he has read encyclopedically in British, American and world literature (one of his book reviews analyzed recent developments in fiction in terms of contemporary Albanian literary theory) and is astoundingly patient and catholic in his ability to coax young writers to write the work they want to write. His most | LEARNING TO WRITE CAN BE FUN |
168687_10 | our school-improvement approach. Teachers selected by other teachers, parents selected by parents and representatives of the school's other programs serve on the governance and management team. Step by step, the team identified the most pressing problems and the greatest opportunities, developed specific plans and implemented them, assessed the outcomes and modified the overall program. They worked in three areas: social climate, academics and staff development. Other Project Elements Other important project elements were, and continue to be, the mental-health team, the parents' group and the teaching and curriculum programs. Our mental-health team helped the management group apply child-development knowledge to every phase of the three program areas. For example, knowing that 5-year-olds cannot sit still for an hour, we suggested that the kindergarteners enter assemblies last, make their presentation first, be allowed to listen to the first part of the program and leave during a break so that they do not tire and become disruptive. At many schools, the social worker, psychologist and special-education teachers work individually - and after a child is in trouble. Often, duplication of services results. We once discovered a child receiving help from seven different people. We chose to team up and focus primarily on prevention. Once, a transfer student was dropped off at King by his aunt on her way to work and taken directly to the classroom by the principal. The teacher had had three transfers the previous week and, with a nod of frustration, conveyed rejection to the already anxious child. The youngster took one look at the classroom, panicked, kicked the teacher in the leg and ran out. The principal usually punishes such incidents. The child is then returned to an angry teacher, teased by classmates, fights again and is sent to the principal for more punishment. The cycle continues until the child is eventually labeled disturbed and sent to a mental-health worker to have his head ''fixed.'' We met with the teachers and asked what it must be like to be 8 and have one's entire support system removed. Once the teachers thought about the problem, they developed many ways to support this child and others. Because our school's social system was a contributing factor, we devised a transfer-orientation program that greatly reduced troubles. Discontinuity Problems One traumatized child did not smile at her teacher for eight months. When she did so after trust had developed, the teacher was devastated. | The Social Factor |
168563_1 | independence of the 27 national or regional churches historically rooted in the Church of England. Charges of Fostering Terror The enthusiasm Archbishop Runcie conveyed in the closing session came only 24 hours after the 500 Anglican bishops found themselves facing the unlikely accusation of encouraging Irish Republican Army terrorism. It was only one dramatic example of the problems faced by the church leaders at the conference, an event held every 10 years. The conferences are officially known as the Lambeth Conferences, after the name of the traditional London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lambeth Palace. The charges of fostering terrorism arose from a resolution passed on Thursday. The resolution supported nonviolence as ''the way of the Lord'' and warned of the potential for injustice in all armed struggle. But it also stated that the conference ''understands'' those who ''choose armed struggle as the only way to justice.'' Anglican bishops from Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic worried that the measure might be used to justify political violence. Sure enough, articles linking the resolution to recent I.R.A. attacks promptly appeared in some newspapers. In fact, the resolution was directed at situations like that of Archbishop Desmond Tutu in South Africa. Two out of every five Anglican bishops here came from the third world, and Africans outnumbered those from elsewhere. Simultaneous Translations The fact that the Anglican Communion is no longer an appendage of the Church of England or even of the English-speaking nations was underlined by the simultaneous translation of speeches here into the conference's five official languages - English, Spanish, French, Japanese and Swahili. The uproar over the armed struggle resolution had to be repaired Friday morning with an emotional speech by Archbishop Robin Eames, the Anglican Primate of Ireland, and a hastily composed resolution condemning all violence in Northern Ireland. According to Bishop Richard Harries of Oxford, the original resolution on armed struggle was ''incoherent and contradictory,'' trying to combine the ''soft pacifist underbelly'' of past conference statements with a gesture toward third-world liberation struggles. But the reason for the incoherence was not only the difficulty of bringing the struggle in Northern Ireland and against South African apartheid under a single heading. It also sprang from the brief time available to draw up statements on many issues. Convinced of Success Despite these frustrations, the vast majority of bishops seem to be leaving convinced of the conference's success. Bishop | For Anglicans, Things Stay Bright and Beautiful |
168563_2 | Two out of every five Anglican bishops here came from the third world, and Africans outnumbered those from elsewhere. Simultaneous Translations The fact that the Anglican Communion is no longer an appendage of the Church of England or even of the English-speaking nations was underlined by the simultaneous translation of speeches here into the conference's five official languages - English, Spanish, French, Japanese and Swahili. The uproar over the armed struggle resolution had to be repaired Friday morning with an emotional speech by Archbishop Robin Eames, the Anglican Primate of Ireland, and a hastily composed resolution condemning all violence in Northern Ireland. According to Bishop Richard Harries of Oxford, the original resolution on armed struggle was ''incoherent and contradictory,'' trying to combine the ''soft pacifist underbelly'' of past conference statements with a gesture toward third-world liberation struggles. But the reason for the incoherence was not only the difficulty of bringing the struggle in Northern Ireland and against South African apartheid under a single heading. It also sprang from the brief time available to draw up statements on many issues. Convinced of Success Despite these frustrations, the vast majority of bishops seem to be leaving convinced of the conference's success. Bishop Edmond L. Browning, who presides over the Episcopal Church of the United States, said he came here with doubts about whether there should even be another conference. ''My mind has been changed,'' he said on Friday. and suggested more frequency. The conference's first accomplishment was something that did not happen. Because bishops are the key links between different Anglican churches, it was said the Anglican Communion might shatter over the determination of the Episcopal Church in the United States and fellow churches in Canada and New Zealand to consecrate female bishops when many other branches still reject priestly roles for women. On Monday, however, the bishops reached an agreement to disagree, and set in place a commission to study the matter and carry out what Archbishop Donald Robinson of Sydney, Australia, called ''damage control.'' Even before business wound up today, the primates met and outlined steps for appointing the commission on female bishops. On Strengthening Ties Several other measures were designed to strengthen Anglican ties, including a greater role for the 27 primates, the senior bishops who head the separate churches; the initiation of a major theological study of church unity; the drafting of a common Anglican declaration of fundamental | For Anglicans, Things Stay Bright and Beautiful |
168553_0 | LEAD: COMMIT A CRIME, they say, and the world is made of glass. I have long believed it. As a teen-ager in the Navy, I walked off my ship one shore liberty with half-a-dozen blank notebooks, property of Uncle Sam, hidden beneath the civilian clothes in my bag. At the end of the gangway, a crusty master-of-arms singled me out of the stream of shorebound sailors (most of them, I thought, with a lot more evil in their eyes than I), glared at the bag and asked me to open it. COMMIT A CRIME, they say, and the world is made of glass. I have long believed it. As a teen-ager in the Navy, I walked off my ship one shore liberty with half-a-dozen blank notebooks, property of Uncle Sam, hidden beneath the civilian clothes in my bag. At the end of the gangway, a crusty master-of-arms singled me out of the stream of shorebound sailors (most of them, I thought, with a lot more evil in their eyes than I), glared at the bag and asked me to open it. Caught red-handed, I mumbled something about my mother having sent the notebooks, an excuse dismissed immediately by the M.A., who merely pointed at Uncle's initials on the covers. I was sent back aboard to spend the glorious San Francisco weekend chipping paint off the old carrier's sides. As a young reporter for United Press International, I drew the dreaded assignment of visiting a woman to ask for a photograph of her husband, who had just gone down with the liner Andrea Doria. I sat in my car outside her home for half an hour, trying to raise the courage to go in. I did not, and went sheepishly back to my office, where I announced to my editor that there had been no answer to my persistent ringing of the doorbell. ''Oh yeah?'' said the editor, who actually had but one eye that was all-seeing, and who always reminded me of my old master-at-arms. ''That was probably because she was on the phone with us.'' I am used to getting caught. In my youth, I would go to confession at the Italian or the Portuguese or the Lithuanian churches in my neighborhood, always searching for priests who didn't speak English. But even in those foreign, dark cubicles, the priests found me out because they gave me whole rosaries to | There's Always a Catch |
168686_10 | of the most important things we learned in this program.'' Good Job Placement If job placement is a measure of the worth of real-estate programs, they are an unqualified success. Schools report their real-estate graduates have little trouble finding positions. ''Virtually every student has a job within three months of graduation,'' said Mr. Robbins of Wisconsin. ''Real-estate majors within our business program have more offers than any other major.'' While some real-estate graduates sign on with the industry's leading companies, others take jobs within the public sector -and a few, like Andrew Gutowski and his M.I.T. classmate David Carlson, start their own development companies. The two, both architects, formed Belmont Properties soon after graduating. Although the company is still run from Mr. Gutowski's apartment, the fledgling developers are already building a small residential project in the Boston area. Morehouse College had several objectives when framing its real-estate program, now two years old. ''One goal was to open the door on career possibilities in an industry that has been all but closed to blacks,'' said Alan E. Pinado, a former vice president in the real-estate division of the New York Life Insurance Company, who heads Morehouse's real-estate department. ''But just as important is what this program can do in terms of training people who can return to their communities with the sort of skills needed to rebuild our inner cities and assist with problems like affordable housing.'' Last spring, Morehouse graduated its first two real-estate majors. Eventually the program plans to graduate 25 to 30 a year. Mr. McKellar of M.I.T. is convinced that the American real-estate industry will continue to prosper only with the skills of these students. ''The industry is going to need people who know how to compete in an environment of shrinking opportunities and foreign competition,'' he said, ''and how to work within the no-growth sentiment that has emerged in all sections of the country. For the public's sake, these students come away with knowledge of how people are going to be working, living and thinking in the next century, not just how to build and sell houses or fill office buildings.'' Correction: August 28, 1988, Sunday, Late City Final Edition Because of an editing error, an article in the Aug. 7 issue of Education Life incorrectly listed Morehouse College in Atlanta as offering a master's degree in real estate. The Morehouse program is restricted to undergraduates. | A Landed Degree |
168712_2 | before the Suez crisis. There is also an excellent chapter on how Washington's perception of the Korean War further clouded its understanding of the nationalist dynamic of Vietnamese resistance and reinforced the stereotype that Communism was an undifferentiated, global force projected from and controlled by Moscow. This made it easier to overlook the colonial character of the French stand in Vietnam and view it instead as similar to America's containment of China in Korea. But there is an important early stretch of America's road into Vietnam that is largely absent from Mr. Gardner's account. During the first four postwar years there was a major component of American policy, of which the American public and most of Congress were unaware, that had an enormous impact on the French-Vietnamese conflict. For the same European priorities that then counseled Washington's diplomatic support of the French in Indochina - which Mr. Gardner does describe - also determined the more fundamental and covert American financial backing and supplying modern military equipment that were absolutely essential to France's military effort until a program of overt assistance became politically feasible in 1950. During this earlier period, Washington quietly permitted a substantial amount of the arms it was shipping to France for use in Europe to be reshipped to Indochina. And a considerable amount of the American funds (including Marshall Plan aid) provided for the rehabilitation of France's war-torn economy were similarly diverted to pay for France's expeditionary force in Vietnam. Mr. Gardner gives scant indication of the extent to which the United States backed the British and Chiang Kai-shek in shoehorning French forces into Vietnam. But in the first year after Japan's surrender, the French were critically dependent on American transport of their troops to Vietnam in time to take over from British and Kuomintang Chinese occupation forces. In the Chinese occupation zone in northern Vietnam, the United States called on Chiang to facilitate the recovery of power by the French. And in the south, the United States acquiesced in Britain's dragooning large numbers of Japanese troops - whom it was supposed to be disarming - into fighting the Vietminh and other nationalist forces for the benefit of France. Thus, while filling some important gaps, Mr. Gardner leaves others - the most serious of which relate to the early postwar years that gave the initial impetus and direction to America's approach to Vietnam. But it must be | ON THE ROAD TO THE QUAGMIRE |
175655_6 | another group of reseachers who used the . . . approach to achieve the first synthesis of a human protein in bacteria.'' A footnote attached to the remark identifies the ''other researchers'' as Mr. Itakura and his group, and cites their article detailing the production of the hormone somatostatin. Scientists and lawyers familiar with the case think the court shows that the O'Farrell group was first and that the decision could benefit other biotechnology companies seeking to undermine Genentech's fundamental patent claims. If the University of California patent was ''obvious'' by virtue of the 1976 article, the decision suggests that at least part of Genentech's invention was obvious, too. The ultimate ramifications of the recent decision must await a further test in court, patent experts said. ''I think it is unwise at this time to speculate wildly,'' said Richard D. Godown, president of the Industrial Biotechnology Association in Washington. ''Particularly in patent matters, the court goes heavily into the specifics of each case. We don't know that a precedent has been established, and you never know until you go back into court with a new case.'' A HISTORY OF A PATENT CONTROVERSY March 1973: Stanley Cohen of Stanford University and Herbert Boyer of the University of California achieve first successful gene splicing. November 1976: Barry A. Polisky team at the University of California documents first controlled production of chemicals from a genetically engineered bacteria. November 1977: Genentech applies for a similar patent. December 1977: Genentech team reports first production of a human hormone in genetically transformed bacteria. May 1978: Patrick O'Farrell, Barry Polisky and David Gelfand report first controlled production of proteins in bacteria. May 1978: University of California applies for patents on method for producing new proteins and on DNA molecule for that method. August 1981: Patent office rejects University of California patent on the method for producing proteins, calling it ''obvious.'' November 1982: Genentech and University of California enter legal dispute over who first engineered the new DNA molecule. December 1984: University of California, citing heavy expense, drops out of dispute with Genentech over DNA molecule but keeps fighting patent office on the method for producing proteins. November 1987: Genentech receives broad patent on product and method for making recombinant proteins in bacteria. August 1988: U.S. Court of Appeals affirms rejection of the University of California invention but suggests that its ''pioneering research'' was key to Genentech's invention. | Biotechnology Dispute Is Rekindled |
175593_4 | of the first human testing of its brain delivery system, using estradiol, a type of estrogen, a female sex hormone. The research was conducted in Britain with Gynex Inc., a Deerfield, Ill., company that studies contraceptives. ''We showed that the brain could accept elevated doses of estrogen without adverse reactions,'' Dr. Stern said. Some brain scientists, however, have asked whether the study's importance might be limited. They noted that estradiol is fat-soluble to start with and is naturally produced in the pituitary gland, which is attached to the base of the brain. They ask whether the blood-brain barrier functions in the case of the pituitary. Analysts like Mr. Gerber and Jeffrey H. Berg at J. C. Bradford & Company said they were impressed by Pharmatec's work. ''Pharmatec is clearly the leader in the field,'' Mr. Berg said. Another fat-soluble carrier has been developed at the National Institute on Aging and licensed to Athena Neurosciences Inc., a start-up company in San Carlos, Calif. Athena is also trying to replicate the blood-brain barrier in the laboratory, where experiments can be closely controlled. Venture capital companies like Avalon Ventures, Venrock, a Rockefeller company, and Kleiner Perkins, Caufield & Byers have invested $14 million in Athena. On a related front, Cell Technology Inc., a biotechnology company in Boulder, Colo., said it has Federal approval for advanced phase II and phase III brain cancer trials of yet another treatment that, in effect, finesses the barrier issue. Using the Colorado company's drug, Imuvert, researchers at Tufts University in Boston and the University of Utah in Salt Lake City will stimulate the body's immune system to attack brain tumors. Imuvert is made from bacteria, said W. Terrance Schreier, chief executive of Cell Technology. He said the drug activates monocytes and macrophages, which are defensive white blood cells. ''We think they turn on the immune system comprehensively, including cells that turn on the immune system in the brain,'' Mr. Schreier said. In preliminary studies in Utah and at the New York Medical College in Valhalla, Imuvert was given to 22 patients with advanced brain cancer. He said 9 of the 22 showed positive results, including 2 who ''showed complete tumor regression.'' But the scientists at Cell Technology and other laboratories still must prove their work in extensive phase III clinical trials that satisfy Food and Drug Administration criteria before they could be widely used as treatments. BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY | Getting Vital Drugs Into the Brain |
175577_0 | LEAD: As most anyone who grows tomatoes will tell you, the tomato tastes and smells best if it is picked, sliced and served - all within a few minutes. Such empirical knowledge has passed down through generations of gardeners, cooks, and tomato eaters. Now, chemists at the Department of Agriculture have confirmed this, and hope their work will point the way to enhancing the flavor of the scourge of the winter salad - the refrigerated tomato. As most anyone who grows tomatoes will tell you, the tomato tastes and smells best if it is picked, sliced and served - all within a few minutes. Such empirical knowledge has passed down through generations of gardeners, cooks, and tomato eaters. Now, chemists at the Department of Agriculture have confirmed this, and hope their work will point the way to enhancing the flavor of the scourge of the winter salad - the refrigerated tomato. Ronald G. Buttery and colleagues at the department's research center in Albany, Calif., have identified an enzyme system that controls tomato smell. When a tomato is cut, linolenic acid is converted by enzymes into Z-3-hexenal. This chemical is largely responsible for fresh tomato smell. The researchers have also discovered that refrigerating a tomato turns off the enzyme system. A cold tomato sliced open is far less aromatic and less tasty, since taste and smell are so intertwined. Tomato lovers have known this for some time, too. ''If you warm the tomato to room temperature after refrigeration, the enzyme system is partly reactivated,'' Dr. Buttery said. ''If you leave it out for a few days, it will come almost completely back.'' But cooks will tell you that leaving a tomato out too long leads to other difficulties - rot and mold. That is where the Federal scientists' work comes in. ''We are trying to find out what temperature the tomatoes can be stored at without losing flavor,'' Dr. Buttery said. ''It's possible there may be a way around this flavor problem without the tomatoes going rotten, to have both refrigeration and flavor.'' BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY | Rescuing the Refrigerated Tomato |
169231_1 | Toronto, which already had substantial Chinese communities, creating real estate booms as they buy land and homes. While waiting to become citizens, many establish their families in houses - not condominiums because they like the idea of owning land -and schools, and then commute to businesses in Hong Kong. ''It has affected us in three ways,'' Mr. Preger said. ''First, the Chinese have brought us an additional pool of talent, especially for middle-management jobs in Canada.'' He said many have been educated at United States or Canadian universities. ''Second, what is happening is a brain drain out of Hong Kong, and as a result Hong Kong companies are coming to us for middle managers, seeking Chinese with a knowledge of Cantonese,'' Mr. Preger said. ''They want to attract back to Hong Kong those who have become Canadian citizens. Many do go back under contract.'' The third effect, he said, is that ''we see interest by Chinese businessmen coming here to invest and buy businesses.'' The firm refers them to lawyers, accountants and investment bankers. ''They will create additional jobs and wealth,'' Mr. Preger said. Once they make investments, Chinese often ask his firm to recruit managerial talent in fields like engineering, accounting and sales. Part of Mr. Chuang's job will be to find such managers for Chinese-controlled businesses. He also will recruit, for positions in Hong Kong, Chinese executives working in North America. Like many bilingual Chinese, Mr. Chuang, 36 years old, was educated in the United States, earning a bachelor of science degree in business and a master of science degree in psychology from the University of Wisconsin. ''This emigration phenomenon has caused a two-tiered salary structure to emerge in Hong Kong, with holders of foreign passports receiving significantly larger salaries than those without,'' Mr. Preger said. One reason is that those who return to Hong Kong need housing, which is much more expensive than in Canada. The high salary levels can jog the memory of many engineers and other professionals who after World War II received high salaries from oil and construction companies in the Middle East and in East Asia. After a few years abroad, the managers were able to accumulate sizable savings. One underlying question about the emigration of middle- and high-income Chinese involves their concern about China's takeover. ''I would call them prudent and cautious,'' Mr. Preger said. ''They seek safety in our Canadian citizenship.'' | Careers; Hong Kong 'Brain Drain' Aids Canada |
175077_7 | followed by a hail of bullets. The smugglers were called owlers, after the hoots by which they communicated at night. They bribed the magistrates, they terrorized their enemies, they fought a pitched battle with the revenue men at the village of Brookland in 1821. But their most fearsome days were rather earlier. Daniel Defoe, traveling through the Marsh, came across forlorn dragoons who told him they could only ''stand still and see the wool carried off before their faces, not daring to meddle,'' and they could hardly be blamed, because they were usually outnumbered and often in peril. In the town of Lydd, customs men were violently assailed by a ''howling mob of owlers, ululating more savagely than those melancholy birds from which they took their name.'' And then there was the Hawkhurst gang, the most notorious of the many who ruled the Marsh. If you eat, drink or stay at the 15th-century Mermaid Inn in Rye - as you should, since it's one of the loveliest hotels in England -you're at one of the places where gang members were to be found defiantly carousing, cutlasses and pistols beside them. THEY attacked the revenue men, and once pinned some of them on the beach, so they were drowned by the incoming tide. They fought a daylong battle with the inhabitants of the Sussex village of Goudhurst, who were exasperated at the constant borrowing of their horses. They caught two informers, flogged them, then buried them alive. That last incident was too much even for the Marsh people, who usually felt a strong sense of solidarity with the smugglers. Most of the Hawkhurst gang were hanged in 1749. The best place to start an exploration of the less turbulent Marsh of today is probably Lympne. Below you are scattered ruins of what must have been the first fort a Roman would have seen on his arrival from the Continent. To your right is a timbered house, locally famous because one night in 1726 it slid 50 feet down from the top of the cliff and stuck there, not even waking its owners. And beyond is the Marsh, the sea and, if the day is clear enough, the gentle blur of the French coast. Lympne Castle, whose walls are the best vantage point, is itself well worth the attention of those who like fine 14th- and 15th-century architecture, intelligent restoration and creepy | A Kentish Countryside Possessed |
174754_0 | LEAD: YANGTZE: Nature, History, and the River. By Lyman P. Van Slyke. (Addison-Wesley, $14.95.) The Yangtze River flows 3,900 miles through China from its glacial source at 20,000 feet on the Tibetan-Qinghai plateau to the East China Sea, watering regions where nearly 350 million Chinese live. Yet sections are so rugged that the world's third-longest river (after the Nile and the Amazon) was not navigated from source to mouth until 1986. YANGTZE: Nature, History, and the River. By Lyman P. Van Slyke. (Addison-Wesley, $14.95.) The Yangtze River flows 3,900 miles through China from its glacial source at 20,000 feet on the Tibetan-Qinghai plateau to the East China Sea, watering regions where nearly 350 million Chinese live. Yet sections are so rugged that the world's third-longest river (after the Nile and the Amazon) was not navigated from source to mouth until 1986. These are but a few of the intriguing facts about the Changjiang, or ''Long River,'' as the Chinese call it, served up by Lyman P. Van Slyke, a professor of history at Stanford University. His book is most readable when it cites eyewitness accounts of early Chinese and Western travelers or describes the commerce in tea, rice and salt that created wealth in ancient China. He also brings alive the perilous navigating technique known as tracking, in which onshore gangs of coolies straining against heavy bamboo hawsers slowly hauled the river junks upstream against the surging white water of the gorges. When Mr. Van Slyke turns to geography, his narrative style dries up, and there are no voices from the river people caught up in the momentous economic changes today. This could have been a good book to pack along on one of the popular Yangtze cruises but for Mr. Van Slyke's insistence on rendering virtually every Chinese name in the old Wade-Giles ''romanization'' devised in the 19th century rather than in the Pinyin system used throughout China today. The author contends that ''Wade-Giles and pinyin exist side by side''; perhaps at Stanford they do, but not along the Yangtze, where the Western tourist may not understand that Mr. Van Slyke's ''Chungking in Szechwan province'' is now the city of Chongqing in Sichuan or that the spectacular Hsi-ling Gorge coming up is spelled Xiling in the guidebooks. IN SHORT | NONFICTION |
174742_0 | MY DAUGHTER recently graduated from one of those Boston-area colleges that half the high- school valedictorians, editors in chief and Merit Scholarship finalists would kill themselves to get into. Now that she is home, we have all had some time to reflect on the following facts: (1) - While the world applauds a liberal arts education, few prospective employers are actively seeking an international relations major. My husband suggested that my daughter consider becoming a spy, but the university's career guidance office was a bit fuzzy about how she could obtain an entry-level position. (2) - $40,000 in tuition and fees alone did not include training in the basic computer skills considered virtually essential in almost any profession today. Apparently, the only introductory course was offered on Mondays at 8 A.M. This was unacceptable, however, since it is written in the student handbook, right after the section on how to beat the two-card identification system, that one should avoid any course that meets early Monday morning or late Friday afternoon. (3) - Pursuing job opportunities can be a frustrating and humbling experience. It can be very troubling, for example, to learn that an employment agency is more interested in the fact that a candidate can type 51 words per minute with six errors than that she graduated with a 3.5 average and is fluent in French. It can also be upsetting to discover that the rather conservative, staid officers who conduct interviews in the banking industry are singularly unimpressed with the fact that the prospective applicant has spent her senior year working for the Dukakis campaign. In no time at all, my graduate has seen that it is difficult to parlay two summers working as a waitress on Cape Cod into the experience that advertising agencies are seeking. Equally alarming is that an internship for a Wall Street firm in her junior year, complete with excellent references, has little value because the firm has ceased to exist since October's stock market crash, and the vice president who wrote the glowing recommendation is now selling small appliances at Macy's. (4) - Help-wanted ads in the newspapers have a language all their own. ''Excellent benefits'' generally means low salary. ''Nonprofit organization'' means very low salary. ''Opportunity to earn high commission'' means no salary at all, and ''Need highly motivated self-starter'' means that the last three college graduates hired for the position have | Brand-New Degree And No Place to Go |
174961_5 | Amazon. With Colombian traffickers apparently still in control, processing laboratories were set up inside Brazil to take advantage of the easier access to chemicals, principally ether and acetone, used to turn coca paste into pure cocaine. The chemicals are manufactured in Brazil but not in the neighboring countries. Major drug laboratories have already been found near Sao Paulo and near the Amazon port city of Manaus, but most processing centers are believed to be hidden in the jungle or on remote farms in the western states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, near Bolivia. ''We've found four big labs in the past year,'' said Mr. Perez, the federal police chief. ''But God knows how many more are out there.'' Coca Plantations Colombian drug gangs are also reportedly responsible for the spread of coca plantations into a border area known as the Dog's Head, in northwestern Brazil. The coca leaf, known locally as ''epadu,'' is grown by Indians, who are paid by the traffickers, in a tiny jungle clearing far from civilization but close to a series of rivers connecting the two countries. This month, with the aid of the United States, the federal police are carrying out their annual eradication effort. Five 10-man teams of drug agents take to the jungle, literally pulling out the coca plants by hand. Last year, the police said they destroyed five million plants near the Uaupes River. This year's effort is being pressed further north, along the Icana River. ''These are impossibly difficult operations because you're working in the middle of nowhere,'' a foreign drug expert said. ''You need to mobilize the navy and air force, and they're not always cooperative. For the traffickers, on the other hand, it's very easy. They pay the Indians with clothing, machetes and food, but risk nothing.'' Brazil is also awakening to the vast expansion of marijuana cultivation in northeastern Brazil, principally along the lush Sao Francisco River, which divides the states of Bahia and Pernambuco. A new aerial monitoring program supported by the United States has enabled the federal police to identify hundreds of islands where marijuana is being grown out of the view of river traffic. Spread of Cocaine Marijuana has traditionally been the most popular drug in Brazil, and the new crops are thought to be destined for the major urban centers of the south. Paraguay had been the main supplier of marijuana | Brazil Now a Vital Crossroad For Latin Cocaine Traffickers |
174731_0 | LEAD: JANICE BURCHAM delivered nine lambs while her sister Jeanette was in China for three weeks in April. It was nothing unusual for the twins, who farm 35 acres on the banks of the Maurice River here, where they were born 62 years ago in the big red brick house their grandfather Amaziah Burcham built in 1865. JANICE BURCHAM delivered nine lambs while her sister Jeanette was in China for three weeks in April. It was nothing unusual for the twins, who farm 35 acres on the banks of the Maurice River here, where they were born 62 years ago in the big red brick house their grandfather Amaziah Burcham built in 1865. But they and environmentalists fear that the farm and the delicate ecology of the Maurice, a serpentine tidal stream that runs from Union Lake into Delaware Bay, are in danger. A Maryland sand-mining company has proposed opening a pit in Millville, annually extracting 2.5 million tons of sand and gravel and barging it downriver in eight daily passings. While generating opposition from environmentalists, the proposal has drawn support downstream in Commercial Township, where high unemployment among oystermen and others has made the prospect of barging work and related jobs attractive. The Burcham sisters said during a pause in their chores recently the other day that a trial run by a tug and barge churned up so much mud and debris in the shallow stream that the sluice gate in their mile-long dike was jammed, leading to flooding in their low-lying hay fields and pastures. Maurice Being Studied ''If one barge will do this,'' Jeanette Burcham said, ''eight passings a day could wash out our dike and flood everything but this hill and house.'' Janice Burcham said, ''And the natural resources of the watershed would be destroyed as well.'' The Maurice (pronounced Morris) and three tributaries in this sparsely populated section of Cumberland County are being studied, under legislation signed by President Reagan last year, for possible inclusion in the protected National Wild and Scenic Rivers system. In a recent report, the National Park Service found 42 miles of the streams eligible for inclusion, which would guarantee that the rivers remain free-flowing and relatively primitive. The report cited the pristine quality of the waterways and the endangered species of plant and animal life that they harbor, including the bald eagle and the world's major stand of a rare | Millville Journal; Turmoil Eases on Barge Plan for Quiet River |
175024_0 | LEAD: In a move that threatens to split the country's largest Protestant denomination, the governing council of the United Church of Canada has voted to admit homosexual men and women into the clergy. In a move that threatens to split the country's largest Protestant denomination, the governing council of the United Church of Canada has voted to admit homosexual men and women into the clergy. The vote, taken on Wednesday at the council's meeting in Victoria, British Columbia, followed months of bitter debate within the church, which was formed in 1925 from a merger of Canada's Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational churches and claims a membership of more than 860,000. The church has been a major force in the last 30 years in pressing for increased spending on social welfare programs and for the rights of prisoners, workers and Canada's native people. In 1984, the general council debated the issue of homosexuals' place in the church and put it aside for further study. A group appointed to review the matter, and other issues involving sexuality and so-called lifestyle questions, recommended earlier this year that homosexuals be accepted as ministers and that the church approve of intimate relationships between men and women outside of marriage so long as they are based on a ''commitment'' by those involved. At its meeting this week, the council voted 205 to 160 in favor of a motion to admit to the ministry homosexuals and others who have sexual relations outside marriage. Specifically, the council decreed: ''All persons regardless of their sexual orientation, who profess faith in Jesus Christ and obedience to Him, are welcome to be or become members of the United Church. All members of the church are eligible to be considered for the ministry.'' The announcement of the vote prompted scenes of jubilation among supporters of the move, some of them acknowledged homosexuals who have long been active in the church. Tim Stevenson, a homosexual who was among those who lobbied most energetically for the move, took the microphone as the vote neared and told delegates that homosexuals would ''finally begin to stand up and take our rightful position in the church.'' Opponents greeted the outcome with tears and warnings of a schism. One delegate from rural Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia walked out, and others said they would urge that their congregations, together with church buildings and other assets, quit the United | Canadian Church Approves Homosexual Ministers |
174906_4 | collaboration still in formation. Neither the labels that accompany the objects nor the well-illustrated catalogue, with its unfortunately inelegant essay in English by Ms. Nista, provides information adequate for the uninitiated viewer. Yet even a cursory perusal of the busts rewards a visitor with a survey of Roman portraiture in myriad stylistic guises. A penchant during the late Republic for painstaking realism and sobriety, inherited from both Etruscan and Greek Hellenistic sources, gave way to a more idealized imagery under the reign of Augustus, in the first half of the first century A.D. Included here is a becalmed bust of the prince Germanicus from this latter period that was intended for display in a public square, where its regal, otherworldly countenance would serve as an inspirational image. Beginning with Vespasian, represented in a craggy, unflinching portrait from the second half of the first century, realism re-emerges as a favored style among the aristocracy. Caracalla's rule during the third century A.D. solidified the reintroduction of worry lines into portraiture - a trait that certain scholars have extravagantly interpreted as expressing larger societal concerns about the empire's increasing instability. Ms. Nista has ventured a guess at the identity of a previously unidentified bust: She links its discovery at a location where the Emperor Septimus Severus built a monument with what is known of imperial portraiture at the time. Judging by its cascading locks of hair, carefully parted beard and classicized, heroic features, the work, she thinks, may well have been an idealized vision of the emperor himself. The impact of such imperial imagery on the Roman populace can be measured by another bust made around the end of the first century, portraying a woman whose carefully curled hair style studiously imitates royal tastes of the time. By placing this bust and the one thought to be Septimus Severus near a markedly benign, self-effacing depiction of an older woman who may once have been a slave, this exhibition underscores the subtle variety of social distinctions that ancient sculptors meticulously documented. They are distinctions readily appreciated by modern viewers instinctively able to read meaning into the dress and facial expression of others. This show reminds us that such signals, fundamental and unspoken aspects of social discourse today, served the same role in centuries past. It is the lesson of ''Roman Portraits in Context'' that by learning about the milieu in which ancient busts were | Sorting Out Who Was Who in Rome |
173386_5 | her hand down their blouse.'' They do not go out to dinner because, she said, ''We had to remove the candles, so she didn't burn herself, the flowers, which she would throw or try to eat, and the sugar packets, which she would eat with the paper.'' Two years of residential psychiatric care did not help her daughter, Mrs. Trenberth said, although a recent stay at a $3,000-a-month program in Evergreen, Colo., appears to have eased her daughter's symptoms. Mrs. Trenberth is one of many parents of special needs children who believes her daughter is an ''unattached child,'' a clinical category that has only been recognized by the psychiatric community in the past few years. Symptoms Worsen With Puberty According to Dr. Ken Magid, director of psychological services at Golden Medical Center in Golden, Colo., and the author of a book about unattached children, such children are so severly abused from birth that they become unable to form emotional bonds in later life. The symptoms are said to worsen as the children approach puberty. Some parents blame the state for creating the problem by hiding facts about their child's past. The Rev. Robert Chandler and his wife, Cherry, say they repeatedly asked the Texas Department of Human Services for more than the three-page summary they were given when they adopted their daughter Tina at the age of 4 in 1978. The document alluded to past abuse and neglect but did not acknowledge the seriousness of the problem. The requests, they say, were denied. By chance, they found the lawyer who represented Tina when she was taken from her natural parents. He had kept the agency files on which the summary was based, including pictures of a severly bruised little girl. The 48-page report included the fact that Tina's father had repeatedly tried to have sex with his baby daughter. ''If we had known that, we would have known better what signs to look for,'' Mr. Chandler said. M. L. and Diane Richards say they, too, asked repeatedly for information about Mark, who has terrorized his younger brother by making him jump on a trampoline while stabbing at his feet with a butcher knife. When they adopted him in 1982, they were told only that he had ''mild learning disabilities,'' Mrs. Richards said. This January she was allowed to spend 45 minutes reading the agency file, which she says was 12 | Adoptive Parents Ask States For Help With Abused Young |
169548_3 | of the passage of an interstate banking bill. Even though the drought may be having little impact on these banks now, there could be more serious problems if it persists as part of a long-term climatic trend. That might be the final blow for such troubled banks as Hawkeye. But, Mr. Granger said, ''if the drought lasts for five years, we'll have bigger problems than just the Farm Belt to worry about.'' Should the drought continue, of course, Wall Street is not likely to be caught unprepared. There are analysts who are looking at companies whose technologies might help lessen the effects of long-term ecological changes. The agricultural biotechnology companies are fighting insects, crop and livestock disease and environmental pollution, and are developing new grains and livestock. By raising crop and livestock yields, the ravages of drought might be mitigated. Choosing the right stocks in this sector is a risky business. Many of these stocks are out of favor in today's nervous market. The companies are often too small to be followed by analysts, their products are usually only in the development stage and their stocks sell over the counter. But some of the new technologies will undoubtedly work out, which means that in an industry worth an estimated $1 trillion - agriculture is still the nation's largest business - there is the potential that some of the stocks will explode. The Ag Biotech Stock Letter is a new Berkeley, Calif., publication that follows agricultural biotechnology stocks. Its model portfolio includes such exotica as Biotechnica International, Crop Genetics, DNA Plant Technology, Ecogen, Escagen, Mycogen and Plant Genetics. The newletter's editors, Jim McCamant and Martin Brooks, said they are looking for companies that have ''both excellent technology and a business strategy that will allow them to profit from that technology.'' They came up with two outright recommendations: Calgene and Synbiotics. ''Calgene is a leader in using recombinant DNA technology to improve plant varieties,'' the newsletter noted. The stock sells for about $6.50, or less than half the price at which it first went public. The Synbiotics Corporation is developing products to fight various animal diseases. The newsletter's analysts argue that the $8.50 stock price can be justified by the company's animal business alone, but they say they especially like the stock because the Synbiotics technology may have uses in fighting human illnesses as well. 009.2 = 1.0 LINES Kemperd (Prescott, Ball | Market Place |
169544_0 | LEAD: Nearly five dozen protesters were arrested yesterday morning on Staten Island and on the West Side of Manhattan in anti-nuclear demonstrations on the 43d anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki. Nearly five dozen protesters were arrested yesterday morning on Staten Island and on the West Side of Manhattan in anti-nuclear demonstrations on the 43d anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki. On Staten Island, about 100 demonstrators organized by the Coalition for a Nuclear-Free Harbor locked arms and chanted at the north gate of the Navy home-port construction site at Stapleton. Twenty-seven demonstrators were arrested after they climbed a 10-foot fence protecting the site, the police said. Twenty-four were charged with trespassing and disorderly conduct and three with resisting arrest and disorderly conduct. The Manhattan protest was staged by 40 people belonging to Kairos and other peace groups outside the Riverside Research Institute on West 42d Street. Thirty-one people were arrested and charged with trespassing and two of them were charged with resisting arrest after the protesters entered the institute's offices and refused to leave, the police said. Stapleton is being prepared as the base for the Iowa, which is believed to carry nuclear missiles, and a squadron of support ships. Riverside Research is a frequent target of demonstrators, who have denounced it as a center for research, development and procurement of nuclear weapons for the Defense Department and as a promoter of the Star Wars program.(AP) | Metro Datelines; Nuclear Protesters Are Arrested on S.I. |
171825_9 | urge states to suspend eligibility for a driver's license to anyone convicted of a drug offense. * We will strengthen interdiction of foreign drugs and expand the military's role in stopping traffickers. * We will work with foreign governments to eradicate drug crops in their countries. Rural Community Republicans see a robust future for American agriculture. . . . . . . Republicans will work to improve agricultural income through market returns at home and abroad, not government controls and subsidies: * We pledge early action to renew and improve the successful farm programs set to expire in 1990. * We pledge to continue international food assistance, including programs through the Eisenhower Food for Peace program, to feed the world's hungry and develop markets abroad. Energy for the Future In 1981, Republican leadership replaced the Democrats' energy crisis with energy consensus. We rejected scarcity, fostered growth, and set course for an expansive future. We left behind the days of gasoline lines, building temperature controls, the multibillion-dollar boondoggle of the Synfuels Corporation, and the cancellation of night baseball games. Despite these gains, much hard work remains. A strong energy policy is required to assure that the needs of our society are met. . . . We will adopt forceful initiatives to reverse the decline of our domestic oil production. Republicans support: * Repeal of the counterproductive windfall profits tax. America: Leading the World Under the leadership of President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George Bush, America has led the world through eight years of peace and prosperity. . . . we believe our policies must be built upon three basic pillars: strength, realism, and dialogue. Republican foreign policy, based on a peace preserved by steadfastly providing for our own security, brought us the I.N.F. treaty, which eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons. America's determination and will, coupled with our European allies' staunch cooperation, brought the Soviets to the bargaining table and won meaningful reductions in nuclear weapons. The I.N.F. treaty was not won by unilateral concessions or the unilateral cancelling of weapons programs. The Americas Central America has always been a region of strategic importance for the United States. There, Nicaragua has become a Soviet client state like Cuba. Democratic progress in the region is threatened directly by the Sandinista military machine and armed subversion exported from Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Soviet Union. . . . Today, thousands of Nicaraguans | Excerpts From Platform: 'For Our Children and Our Future' |
171723_0 | LEAD: *3*** COMPANY REPORTS ** *3* Direct Pharmaceutical Qtr to June 30 1988 1987 Sales 597,953 234,299 Net inc 40,164 b502,905 Share earns .01 - 9mo sales 1,399,831 1,834,467 Net loss 10,795 1,032,752 b-Net loss *3*** COMPANY REPORTS ** *3* Direct Pharmaceutical Qtr to June 30 1988 1987 Sales 597,953 234,299 Net inc 40,164 b502,905 Share earns .01 - 9mo sales 1,399,831 1,834,467 Net loss 10,795 1,032,752 b-Net loss | Direct Pharmaceutical reports earnings for Qtr to June 30 |
174026_0 | LEAD: A three-year undercover operation has resulted in charges against 43 people accused of poaching black bears for their gall bladders, which are prized in Asia as aphrodisiacs and medicine, it was announced Tuesday. A three-year undercover operation has resulted in charges against 43 people accused of poaching black bears for their gall bladders, which are prized in Asia as aphrodisiacs and medicine, it was announced Tuesday. The investigation by Federal and state agents was sparked by the danger poaching poses to the nation's black bear population, said Gary Myers, executive director of the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Officials estimate the black bear population in the southern Appalachians at about 2,000. Agents bought 266 gall bladders, 85 claws, 77 feet, 4 heads, 9 hides and a live black bear cub in the investigation, officials said. Bear claws are used to make jewelry, and heads are used as trophies. A wildlife agency spokesman said that some of the bears were legitimately killed, but noted that it was illegal to sell any part of a bear. Mr. Myers said studies of the black bears indicated that ''we were driving our black bear population to extinction'' and that poaching accounted for half or more of the annual bear deaths. Arrest warrants were issued in Knoxville, Asheville, N.C., and Atlanta for residents of the three states, and agents began making arrests early Tuesday. | 43 Are Accused of Poaching Black Bears For Body Parts |
173978_0 | LEAD: CASEY GORKA has come to expect the responses children have to her 7-year-old daughter, Julia, who is retarded and has problems with her vision and sense of touch. CASEY GORKA has come to expect the responses children have to her 7-year-old daughter, Julia, who is retarded and has problems with her vision and sense of touch. ''In the beginning they'll mostly stay back and sometimes pull another friend close to them,'' said Ms. Gorka, who used to work as a family therapist in Minneapolis. ''They wonder if she can hurt them because she's different and she walks funny. Seeing her really shakes up their sense of who they are.'' Ever since Federal legislation in the 1970's required, in effect, that handicapped children be included in public-school classes with non-handicapped children - a process known popularly as mainstreaming - the number of children with physical, emotional and learning disabilities in traditional schools has increased. So have the numbers of children with illnesses like cancer and AIDS, and those disfigured with things like severe scarring from burns. The odds are greater than ever that a child will be in a classroom with someone who is profoundly ''different.'' Helping able-bodied children understand what has happened to someone who is sick, scarred or disabled can be complex. As children develop, they respond to different cues and have very different concerns from those of their parents. ''One little girl in my daughter's class came over to me and was all upset because Julia didn't stay inside the lines when she colored,'' Ms. Gorka said. ''That's what bothered her the most.'' While toddlers usually pay little attention to physical differences in their playmates, preschoolers begin to make judgments on how other children act and look. They don't think of a disability as something that can happen to them. ''Preschoolers associate differences in appearance with differences in personality,'' said Dr. Phyllis A. Katz, a developmental psychologist at the Institute for Research on Social Problems in Boulder, Colo. ''After all, children's books seldom show pretty witches and ugly princes.'' The responses of slightly older children to people who are disabled, disfigured or ill reflect the ways they are trying to make sense of the world. Eight-year-olds, for example, are notorious collectors of everything from rocks to bugs to stamps. They spend hours arranging and rearranging their collections, for they have made the powerful discovery that things fall | Parent & Child |
167894_0 | LEAD: In a sweeping realignment of its businesses, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company said it would consolidate its operations into two divisions, tires and general products. In a sweeping realignment of its businesses, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company said it would consolidate its operations into two divisions, tires and general products. The tire division will be headed by Jacques R. Sardas, 57 years old, the president of the Goodyear International unit. The general products division will be supervised by Hoyt M. Wells, 62, an executive vice president who is also the president of Goodyear's general products division. Both will report to Tom H. Barrett, the company's president and chief operating officer. Goodyear, the world's largest tire producer, said yesterday that the consolidation would allow more flexibility in decision making since the divisions would ''operate with a high degree of autonomy and have their own manufacturing, development, financial staff, materials management and other support functions.'' Analysts said the realignment would enable Mr. Sardas and Mr. Wells to react more quickly to changes in a worldwide tire industry that has seen numerous consolidations in recent years. Earlier this year, for example, the Bridgestone Corporation of Japan acquired the tire operations of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. Goodyear's consolidation will greatly increase the responsibility of both executives. Each will now add duties in manufacturing, business development and strategic planning. The general products division consists of Goodyear's chemical, industrial and engineered products. Mr. Sardas, who was born in Egypt, joined Goodyear in 1957 as a sales representative, rising to sales manager within eight months. He became the manager of Goodyear-France in 1967 and three years later was named the president and general manager of the subsidiary. His appointment as a vice president of Goodyear International in 1974 brought him to the company's headquarters in Akron, Ohio. Mr. Sardas became the president of Goodyear International in 1984 and recently assumed additional responsibility for the company's North American tire operations. Mr. Wells joined the company in 1951, after earning a master's degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Nebraska. After working as an engineer, he assumed managment positions at one of the company's manufacturing plants near Chicago. He was named vice president of general products for the Goodyear Canada subsidiary in 1972 and became an automobile account executive in 1977, holding that position until his advancement to vice president in Akron in | Goodyear Realignment Focuses on Flexibility |
1752855_1 | which represent beverage companies, hailed the study as further evidence that aspartame is a safe food additive. But some scientists and consumer advocates have criticized the National Cancer Institute study as having weak methodology. To get information on people who consume aspartame, the study culled from broad-based food consumption surveys that were mailed out to the study participants. The 16-page surveys, which asked people to remember what they ate and drank for one year, were mailed out only once over several months, beginning in 1995. Morando Soffritti, scientific director of the European Ramazzini Foundation and author of the Italian study on rats, said the National Cancer Institute researchers appeared to have collected no data on people's prior consumption, whether they were regular consumers of beverages with aspartame or whether they recently began consuming them. The duration of exposure to aspartame is inadequate in the study, said Mr. Soffritti. ''We know nothing about how long they've been consuming aspartame. One year is practically nothing.'' Walter Willett, chairman of the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, calls the lack of past data a ''limitation.'' He said that because of the size of the study it is likely that a strong correlation between brain and blood-related cancers and aspartame would still have probably shown up, but that a more subtle connection would not. The study's authors may have been simply assuming that people do not change their dietary habits very often. The authors said they could not comment on their assumptions because the study has not yet been published in a medical journal. Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nutrition advocacy group that is often critical of the food industry, said that because the study evaluated people aged 50 to 69 and then followed up for five years to check on the incidence of cancer, it may have failed to address the occurrence of cancer for people in their 70's and 80's. Despite that, the findings do take much air out of the idea that aspartame causes cancer. Dr. Arthur Schatzkin, the principal investigator for the study, said he looked at people who consumed the equivalent of as many as six 20-ounce bottles of aspartame-containing beverages a day and found no elevated incidence of lymphoma, leukemia or brain cancers. Mr. Jacobson, despite his criticisms of the design of the study, | Study Finds No Cancer Link to Sweetener |
1752862_1 | Iran Mohamed ElBaradei, the director of the United Nations' nuclear monitoring agency in Vienna, will visit Iran to conduct high-level talks on the country's nuclear program, a senior agency official said. A4 Brazil Space Program Criticized Brazil fulfilled a longstanding ambition last month when it sent its first astronaut into space, but national pride over the voyage has been mixed with criticism of the cost of the launching and of weaknesses in the country's space program. A3 NATIONAL A8-11 Senate Goes Into Recess Without an Immigration Bill The Senate's effort to pass immigration legislation collapsed, and lawmakers went home for a two-week recess to face voters who are as passionately divided on the issue as Congress has proven to be. A1 Kerry Criticizes Bush Policies Senator John Kerry made a slashing attack on the Bush administration, comparing it to the faltering government in Iraq and equating its war strategy with its planning for Hurricane Katrina. A11 Efforts on Archdiocese Stall Efforts to change the Archdiocese of Boston in the wake of the clergy sexual abuse crisis have been hampered by diminished resources, according to a report issued by an independent panel. A11 Mother Spared by Insanity Plea A mother charged with murder for cutting off her baby daughter's arms in what her lawyers portrayed as a religious frenzy was found not guilty by reason of insanity. A11 Earmarks Draw Scrutiny Amid an explosion of lawmakers slipping pet projects into federal spending bills over the past decade, one West Virginia congressman exploited his powerful perch on the House Appropriations Committee to funnel some $250 million into five nonprofit organizations of his own founding, prompting questions of whether any of that taxpayer money helped fuel his personal fortune. A1 Religion Journal A8 SCIENCE/HEALTH Wind Farm Bill Fails A Senate-House conference committee has approved a measure that would effectively kill a proposal for the first large offshore wind farm in the United States, in Nantucket Sound south of Cape Cod, Mass. A9 NEW YORK/REGION B1-6 A Column of Scandals In a Scandal of Its Own The New York Post is cooperating with federal authorities in an investigation into whether a longtime contributor to the Page Six gossip column tried to extort money from a California billionaire, according to a spokesman for The Post. A1 Seminary to Pick Chancellor The Jewish Theological Seminary, the flagship institution of Conservative Judaism in America, appears close to | News Summary |
1751457_0 | THE phrase ''good grief'' can be an expression of exasperation. But taken another way, it is perhaps even more confounding. After all, can grief ever be good? In Deborah Brevoort's drama ''The Women of Lockerbie,'' based on the 1988 terrorist attack on Pan Am Flight 103, it is possible. She explores the many personal pathways of grief: from a patrician American stoicism to a mad Medea-like pathos to a spiritual Celtic worldview. When Flight 103 crashed into the Scottish town of Lockerbie in December 1988, every passenger perished. What is often forgotten, however, is the death inflicted upon the town, and the devastation that literally fell into people's living rooms. On the seven-year anniversary of the crash, Bill and Madeline Livingston (Al Mohrmann and Marnie Andrews) travel from New Jersey to Lockerbie to look for any remains of their son Adam. Meanwhile, three townswomen are in the middle of a battle with a representative from the United States Department of State (David Volin) to release the victims' clothing to the families. The idea is interesting enough, but Ms. Brevoort's dialogue sometimes dilutes the plot. Simplicity is a boon to the best of poets, who can make an unassuming phrase pierce the soul. Still, in Ms. Brevoort's work, simplicity tries to masquerade as profundity, with prosaic lines like, ''Memory is a heavy burden.'' ''Lockerbie'' strives to be realistic -- it even has a stream built into Jo Winiarski's misty set. Thus, it seems doubtful that Mrs. Livingston, still weeping every day since her son's death seven years before, would be primed for international travel. (In fact, her post-traumatic stress would have probably seen her institutionalized or at least heavily medicated.) Ms. Andrews, however, just seems really, really upset. The director, Jason King Jones, could have nudged more pain to the surface or helped the actress bury it in a glaze of denial. She is, after all, the linchpin of transformed grief in this play. As the lead woman of Lockerbie, Corinne Edgerly nearly chews the green Scottish hills to mulch, overplaying every expression, every word and practically every scene. She has taken on a grand Greek acting style here, but the theater is too intimate and the play too literal for the bluster. One of the most lovely performances among the cast of seven is delivered by the contemplative, red-haired Alice Connorton, billed simply as Woman 1 who found body parts | Mourning Becomes Lockerbie |
1751580_1 | work force. While it might be a challenge to find an American-born cab driver in New York or parking lot attendant in Phoenix or grape cutter in the San Joaquin Valley of California, according to Mr. Camarota's study of census data from 2000-2005, 59 percent of cab drivers in the United States are native born, as are 66 percent of all valet parkers. Half of all workers in agriculture were born in this country. ''The idea that there are jobs that Americans won't do is economic gibberish,'' Mr. Camarota said. ''All the big occupations that immigrants are in -- construction, janitorial, even agriculture -- are overwhelmingly done by native Americans.'' But where they compete for jobs, he said, the immigrants have driven up the jobless rate for some Americans. According to his study, published in March, unemployment among the native born with less than a high school education was 14.3 percent in 2005; the figure for the immigrant population was 7.4 percent. While Mr. Bernstein would agree that the least-educated American workers are at a disadvantage, he does not favor curbs on immigration. Even the least-skilled Americans benefit from the presence of a large pool of immigrant workers, Mr. Bernstein said. He said that the 11 million illegal immigrants are consumers, too, creating demand for goods and services and the jobs they produce. He also said their willingness to work at low wages helps keep inflation in check, benefiting the nation as a whole. ''It's quite clear that immigrants lead to lower prices of goods and services, and the lower inflation helps boost the economy, and that helps all Americans,'' Mr. Bernstein said. ''You have a significant increase in the labor supply due to immigrant inflows, yet the wage effects seem isolated among the least educated, and they're not huge.'' But George J. Borjas, a professor of economics and social policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, said he believed that the flow of migrants had significantly depressed wages for Americans in virtually all job categories and income levels. His study found that the average annual wage loss for all American male workers from 1980 to 2000 was $1,200, or 4 percent, and nearly twice that, in percentage terms, for those without a high school diploma. The impact was also disproportionately high on African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans, Professor Borjas found. ''What this is, is a huge redistribution of | Immigrants and the Economics of Hard Work |
1751627_3 | through the Internet, through e-mail, through talk radio.'' Michael Cornfield, a political science professor at George Washington University who studies politics and the Internet, said campaigns were actually late in coming to the game. ''Politicians are having a hard time reconciling themselves to a medium where they can't control the message,'' Professor Cornfield said. ''Politics is lagging, but politics is not going to be immune to the digital revolution.'' If there was any resistance, it is rapidly melting away. Mark Warner, the former Democratic governor of Virginia, began preparing for a potential 2008 presidential campaign by hiring a blogging pioneer, Jerome Armstrong, a noteworthy addition to the usual first wave of presidential campaign hiring of political consultants and fund-raisers. Mr. Warner is now one of at least three potential presidential candidates -- the others are the party's 2004 presidential and vice presidential candidates, Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts and Mr. Edwards -- who are routinely posting what aides say are their own writings on campaign blogs or on public blogs like the Daily Kos, the nation's largest political blog. Analysts said that the Internet appeared to be a particularly potent way to appeal to new, young voters, a subject of particular interest to both parties in these politically turbulent times. In the 2004 campaign, 80 percent of people ages 18 to 34 who contributed to Mr. Kerry's campaign made their contributions online, said Carol Darr, director of the Institute for Politics, Democracy and the Internet at George Washington University. Not incidentally, as it becomes more integrated in American politics, the Internet is being pressed into service for the less seemly side of campaigns. Both parties have set up Web sites to discredit opponents. In Tennessee, Republicans spotlighted what they described as the lavish spending habits of Representative Harold E. Ford Jr. with a site called www.fancyford.com. That site drew 100,000 hits the first weekend, and extensive coverage in the Tennessee press, which is typically the real goal of creating sites like this. And this weekend, the Republicans launched a new attack site, www.bobsbaggage.com, that is aimed at Senator Robert Menendez of New Jersey and focused on ethics accusations against him. For their part, Democrats have set up decoy Web sites to post documents with damaging information about Republicans. They described this means of distribution as far more efficient than the more traditional slip of a document to a newspaper reporter. | INTERNET INJECTS SWEEPING CHANGE INTO U.S. POLITICS |
1751598_2 | broadband connections. South Korea, perhaps more than any other country, is transforming itself through technology. About 17 million of the 48 million South Koreans belong to Cyworld, a Web-based service that is a sort of parallel universe where everyone is interconnected through home pages. The interconnectivity has changed the way and speed with which opinions are formed, about everything from fashion to politics, technology and social science experts said. Chang Duk Jin, a sociologist at Seoul National University who has studied the effects of technology on society, said it had profoundly influenced domestic politics. Two years ago, after the opposition-led National Assembly impeached President Roh Moo Hyun, a consensus began forming on the Internet that the move was politically motivated -- two hours after the vote took place, Mr. Chang said. ''That quickly led to mass demonstrations,'' he said. ''That kind of thing had never happened in Korea before. Everyone is connected to everyone else, so issues spread very fast and kind of unpredictably.'' There has been at least one unpredictable side effect: fierce witch hunts. In a case that caused national soul-searching, a woman riding the subway with her dog last year refused to clean up after it defecated in the car. One angry passenger photographed her with a camera-equipped cellphone and later posted the photos. Soon, all of wired South Korea seemed to be on the hunt for ''Dog Poop Girl.'' Several misidentified women were verbally attacked, and finally the woman herself was identified on the Internet and humiliated as the topic of countless online discussions. Such problems have led the government to consider curbing anonymity on the Internet, a proposal that has drawn strong opposition here. In another response, in February, the government released a 256-page ''IT Ethics'' textbook for junior and high school students. Teachers are expected to spend 30 hours instructing from the textbook, whose chapters include ''Healthy Mobile Phone Culture,'' and ''Protecting Personal Privacy.'' ''Education has lagged behind the technology,'' said Park Jung Ho, a professor of computer science at Sunmoon University here. The government, though, is pushing ahead relentlessly. It has drawn a precise timetable on specific technologies to develop or invent, one of them robotics. Mr. Oh of the Communication Ministry said South Korea lagged behind American, Japanese and European competitors in robotics but was aiming to be No. 3 by 2013. While other countries have focused on developing military, industrial or | In a Wired South Korea, Robots Will Feel Right at Home |
1758237_1 | And think about the cost of all that capital. I have to acknowledge that in those days, I resented the wages of Teamsters and sanitation workers almost as much as I did hereditary wealth. Much has been written lately about the enormous earnings advantage conferred by a college education, but what's striking to me is that this advantage was once so scant. Thirty years ago, in fact, the economist Richard Freeman published a book called ''The Over-educated American,'' and although I was too young and stupid to realize it, I was one. It's true that I chose a line of work -- newspapers -- that is notorious for low entry-level wages, but the broader data bear me out. In 1978, men with a bachelor's degree had an estimated wage premium of just 21 percent over men who were high school graduates, according to ''The State of Working America 2004-2005'' by Lawrence Mishel, Jared Bernstein and Sylvia Allegretto. But in my case, even that modest premium was illusory. My new white-collar job required a car and crazy hours; there was little overtime pay. The progressive tax system probably further eroded the college premium, because higher earnings were subject to higher levies. In 2003, the most recent year for which the book contained data, the male college wage differential was 41.5 percent -- practically double what it was when I started out. Although it's possible that my current modest prosperity is entirely a result of good looks (that would account for why it's so modest), chances are that education played a big role in making me better off financially than the doormen among whom I once worked. In coming years, the earnings premium for educated Americans will probably increase because of factors like new technology, outsourcing, large numbers of unskilled immigrants and the tendency of the educated to marry one another. Within the economic arena, I doubt that much can be done about this differential. Today, it's doubtful that many college graduates would envy the pay and benefits of most blue-collar workers. Those who inherit money, meanwhile, can't be blamed for their own dumb luck. So most of us direct our class-based ire at what might be called the new earnings aristocracy. Consider Sanford I. Weill, the former Citigroup chairman, who made nearly $1 billion on the job yet still departs with an annual pension exceeding $1 million -- as well as | What's Inequality? Ask a Former Doorman |
1758011_5 | shatters neat, rationalistic theology,'' she writes toward the end of the book. ''Ezekiel's terrifying, confusing vision was very different from the more streamlined ideology of the Deuteronomists. Auschwitz, Bosnia and the destruction of the World Trade Center revealed the darkness of the human heart. Today we are living in a tragic world where, as the Greeks knew, there can be no simple answers; the genre of tragedy demands that we learn to see things from other people's point of view'' and search out ''the spirit of compassion that lies at the core of all our traditions.'' What we are left with, then, is a story of the Fall in which the serpent in the garden is none other than that old devil, Organized Religion. The ''Axial sages,'' Armstrong contends, would have brushed aside the crude question of whether they believed in God: ''The prophets, mystics, philosophers and poets of the Axial Age were so advanced and their vision was so radical, that later generations tended to dilute it. In the process, they often produced exactly the kind of religiosity that the Axial reformers wanted to get rid of. That, I believe, is what has happened in the modern world.'' In our own time of ''great fear and pain,''Armstrong proposes that we look to the Axial sages for ''two important pieces of advice,'' both of which turn out to be quite uncontroversial: We should practice self-criticism (amen), and we should ''take practical, effective action'' against excessively aggressive tendencies in our own traditions (amen again). But after 400 pages of historical argument, the banality of such declarations is staggering. Yes, we need to learn to see things from other points of view. But once we have done that, once indifference and ignorance and prejudice and other obstacles are cleared away, real differences -- political, religious, cultural -- remain. As for ''simple answers,'' it all depends on what you mean by simple. Does Job offer simple answers? Does Benedict XVI? The Dalai Lama? Osama bin Laden? Richard Dawkins? In fact, none of these ways of seeing the world are ''simple'' -- meaning simplistic. But neither can they all be equally in accord with reality. Like the Axial sages themselves, they contradict one another. And that at least is one truth we can all agree on. 'The Great Transformation,' by Karen Armstrong John Wilson is the editor of Books & Culture, a bimonthly review. | Roots of Faith |
1758277_0 | Suppose Colin Powell tires of giving $100,000-a-pop speeches and wants to teach high school social studies. Suppose Meryl Streep has a hankering to teach drama. Alas, they would be ''unqualified'' for a public school. Elite private schools would snap them up, of course, but public schools that are begging for teachers would have to turn them away because they don't have teacher certification. That's an absurd snarl in our education bureaucracy. Let's relax the barriers so people can enter teaching more easily, either right out of college or later as a midcareer switch. Sure, there are lots of other problems in the U.S. education system. But this is one of the easiest to solve. One reason to act is that the U.S. faces a growing shortage of teachers. Just to keep student-teacher ratios where they are now, we need a 35 percent increase in the number of people entering teaching. The other problem is that the quality of teachers is deteriorating, mostly because -- fortunately! -- women have more career options. A smart and ambitious woman graduating from college in 1970 often ended up as a third-grade teacher; today, she ends up as a surgeon or senator. The upshot is that between 1971 and 1974, 24 percent of teachers had scored in the top 10 percent on their high school achievement tests. Now only 11 percent have done so. So one study after another has concluded that it is time to relax teacher certification requirements. ''Barriers to entry are too high,'' declared last month's final report of the Teaching Commission, a private blue-ribbon panel led by Louis Gerstner, the former I.B.M. chief. ''Confusing and cumbersome procedures discourage many talented would-be teachers from entering the classroom.'' A white paper from the Hamilton Project of the Brookings Institution urged, ''Rather than dig further down in the pool of those willing to consider teacher certification programs or raise class sizes, we need to expand the pool of those eligible to teach.'' In a new book called ''Tough Love for Schools,'' Frederick Hess argues that applicants should be eligible for teaching jobs if they have graduated from a recognized college, have passed a competency test in their field and have passed a rigorous background check. Principals may prefer to hire graduates of teaching colleges, he writes, but they should have the option to hire other outstanding applicants as well. That's the situation in some | Opening Classroom Doors |
1753668_4 | is being conducted as to whether HGH could help stabilize or reverse declining cognitive function. In cyberspace, HGH is promoted as a way to shed weight, build muscle, smooth wrinkles, promote healing, relieve chronic pain and restore youthful energy. These promises can be seductive for maturing baby boomers. ''Their expectations of physical activity are much, much higher,'' said Dr. Paul Y. Takahashi, a geriatrician and assistant professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. Many supplements advertised online do not contain any growth hormone, falsely claim to stimulate its production or come with unsubstantiated statements about its benefits. Heather Hippsley, a lawyer and assistant director of the division of advertising practices at the Federal Trade Commission, said the agency was trying to combat fraudulent marketers by sending warning letters to Web sites and getting misleading infomercials off the air. Last year, the agency obtained a federal court order compelling two Florida companies to pay up to $20 million to consumers who had bought HGH ''enhancers'' online. The debate over HGH therapy escalated last fall as several prominent researchers published a commentary in The Journal of the American Medical Association charging that most prescriptions for HGH in the United States may be illegal. They wrote that the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act prohibits prescribing HGH to treat anti-aging in the broad sense, as opposed to specific hormone deficiencies resulting from pituitary disease. The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, an advocacy group that says it has more than 17,000 doctor members, wrote a response on its Web site: ''At no time has Congress evinced any intent to restrict ethical physicians from prescribing HGH to mature or elderly adults for medical reasons within their sound judgment.'' Amid the crossfire, most mainstream doctors advise caution. Dr. Takahashi wrote an article for the Mayo Clinic's Web site outlining the risks and approved uses of HGH, concluding that ''more study is needed.'' Conservative approaches to HGH therapy are being influenced by an evolution of thought on estrogen replacement therapy, Dr. Takahashi said. Once viewed as a remedy for postmenopausal changes, estrogen is now linked to increased cancer risk. ''We learned a lot from that experience,'' he said. ''It's possible that human growth hormone could allow people to be a little bit better for a little bit longer. The question is, at what price? I think it could be a pretty high price.'' REMEDIES | Growth Hormone: The Secret of Youth or a Cautionary Tale? |
1753640_2 | zebra instead of a common horse. Dead wrong. Mark, it turned out, was throwing pulmonary emboli to his lungs -- explaining why he was breathing rapidly. And the emboli were large enough to impair the transfer of oxygen in his lungs, meaning that he was being deprived of oxygen. Hypoxia, or a low blood oxygen level, if severe enough, is lethal. But milder forms of hypoxia can impair thinking, alter levels of consciousness, cause depression and stir up anxiety. I certainly wasn't thinking of hypoxia as the cause of my patient's anxiety. After all, it's rare in a healthy male, and I was doing what any reasonable physician does -- making a plausible explanation from common and obvious causes first. The problem is that the vocabulary of disease is limited. There are only so many physical and mental symptoms that we humans are capable of producing, far fewer, it turns out, than the number of illnesses and physical insults that we have to bear. That means that for any given symptom, like anxiety, there are a multitude of potentially responsible medical culprits. Have you ever noticed those small medical books jammed into the pocket of every intern in the hospital? Among other things, these young doctors are learning differential diagnosis, a fancy term for working backward from symptoms to possible medical cause. The patient has malaise and fever? There is a list of literally several hundred possible diseases. Experienced doctors don't look at those lists because they've learned that most of the time when a patient has a given constellation of symptoms, he most likely has one of a small number of common diseases. Complicating the problem of diagnosis is the fact that each subspecialty has its own list of frequently seen conditions. When a depressed patient goes to his internist, for example, complaining of vague physical symptoms but not depressed mood, depression will probably not be at the top of his doctor's differential diagnosis. If this same patient walked into my office, in contrast, depression would be high on my list. Doctors, just like everyone else, find only what they are looking for. In other words, physicians can't diagnose a disease they are unaware of. I didn't really know at the time what was making my patient anxious. It's just that I was not satisfied with my own explanation of his symptoms. He and I were both lucky. BEHAVIOR | Anxiety About Anxiety Saved a Patient's Life |
1753734_0 | DUPONT and the Swiss company Syngenta said yesterday that they would join forces in a venture that could present a more formidable challenge to Monsanto's dominance of the business for genetically modified seeds. DuPont, which owns the Pioneer Hi-Bred International seed company, will become an equal partner in an existing Syngenta venture called GreenLeaf Genetics that licenses both conventional and genetically modified varieties to other seed companies in the United States and Canada. Syngenta will also use an experimental genetic engineering technology developed by Pioneer that allows crops to withstand glyphosate, the herbicide sold by Monsanto as Roundup. With both Pioneer and Syngenta offering that technology, it should have a better chance of competing against Monsanto's popular Roundup Ready seed technology. The partnership will ''bring more choice, more options, to the growers,'' Michael Mack, the chief operating officer for Syngenta's seed business, said at a news conference at the biotechnology industry's annual convention here yesterday No financial terms were disclosed. The move marks a big departure for Pioneer, a company that is extremely proud of its long history as a corn breeder and which until now has sold seeds only under its own name. But Monsanto has been gaining market share in corn seeds over the last few years at Pioneer's expense, in part by licensing Monsanto's herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant crop genes to other seed companies. Pioneer executives said they would continue to sell their premium brands under the company's name. ''Our long heritage is intact,'' Dean Oestreich, Pioneer's president, said at the news conference. But he and other Pioneer executives said there were some nonpremium varieties now just sitting on the shelf that could be licensed to others, allowing Pioneer to expand into the 40 percent of the market that does not buy premium seeds. Other seed companies will be able to cross lines provided by Pioneer to create new varieties, and seed retailers would be able to sell Pioneer varieties under their own brands. ''What has changed is the time is right,'' Mr. Oestreich said. ''Our biotechnology pipeline is now maturing. These important products really need to be driven across the industry.'' During a conference call held by DuPont, analysts questioned why the company entered a 50-50 joint venture, since Pioneer is much stronger in seeds than Syngenta. But DuPont officials said the deal was mutually beneficial. Monsanto accounts for the vast majority of biotech crops planted in | DuPont and Syngenta Join In Modified-Seed Venture |
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