query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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He races under the German flag in Formula One . Earlier in his career , he competed for Finland . | [
"He races under the German flag in Formula One , although he competed for Finland earlier in his career ."
] | [
"Amongst notable Sauber drivers were Jean Alesi , 2008 Formula One championship runner-up Felipe Massa , Johnny Herbert and 1997 World Champion Jacques Villeneuve , who raced for the team in its final season ."
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Rosberg won the 2005 GP2 Series for the ART team . Before that , he raced in Formula Three Euroseries for his father 's team . | [
"Rosberg won the 2005 GP2 Series for the ART team , having raced in Formula Three Euroseries previously for his father 's team ."
] | [
"Manor Motorsport are best known as a Formula Three team but currently running only one car in the British Formula Three Championship in co-operation with CF Racing ."
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Nico Rosberg ( born 27 June 1985 in Wiesbaden , West Germany ) is a racing driver for the Mercedes GP Formula One team . | [
"Nico Erik Rosberg ( born 27 June 1985 in Wiesbaden , West Germany ) is a racing driver for the Mercedes GP Formula One team ."
] | [
"Helmut Haller ( born 21 July 1939 in Augsburg , Germany ) is a former footballer who represented West Germany at three World Cups ."
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He races under the German flag in Formula One . | [
"Rosberg races under the German flag in Formula One ."
] | [
"Embolded teams are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season ."
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Townsville is a city on the northern east coast of Queensland . | [
"Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Australia , in the state of Queensland ."
] | [
"At the tip of the peninsula lies Cape York , the northernmost point on the Australian continent ."
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Cheignieu-la-Balme is a commune . | [
"Cheignieu-la-Balme is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | [
"Saint-Didier-d ` Aussiat is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
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The GNU Image Manipulation Program , or GIMP or `` The GIMP '' , is a free software picture maker . | [
"In 1997 GIMP became a part of the GNU Project , and the acronym GIMP was changed to the GNU Image Manipulation Program ."
] | [
"Eye of GNOME ( EOG ) is the official image viewer for the GNOME desktop environment ."
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The GIMP was started in 1995 by Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis and is now taken care of by a group of volunteers as part of the GNU Project . | [
"GIMP 's original creators , Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis , began developing GIMP in 1995 as a semester-long project at the University of California , Berkeley ."
] | [
"VLC was the client for the VideoLAN project , with VLC standing for VideoLan Client . Originally developed by students at the à cole Centrale Paris , it is now developed by contributors worldwide and is coordinated by the VideoLAN non-profit organization ."
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Much of the railway network already exists , but ther are still some major gaps . | [
"Much of the railway network already exists as part of the Eurasian Land Bridge , although some significant gaps remain ."
] | [
"Consequently , Japan had a greater need for new high speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail system had more upgrade potential ."
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The Trans-Asian Railway ( TAR ) is a project to build a freight railway across Europe and Asia . | [
"The Trans-Asian Railway ( TAR ) is a project to create an integrated freight railway network across Europe and Asia ."
] | [
"The railway system is state-run , and covers a total of 1849 k. Relatively inexpensive elevated Light Rail Transit systems are used in some cities , such as Kuala Lumpur . The Asean Rail Express is a railway line that connects Kuala Lumpur to Bangkok , and it is intended to eventually stretch from Singapore to Chi... | SimpleWiki | {
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Progress in developing the TAR was slowed by political and economic problems during the 1960s , 1970s and early 1980s . | [
"Progress in developing the TAR was hindered by political and economic obstacles throughout the 1960s , 1970s and early 1980s ."
] | [
"These regions were the first newly industrialized countries , noted for maintaining exceptionally high growth rates and rapid industrialization between the early 1960s and 1990s ."
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At that time , there was not as much shipping and air travel as today , and the project promised to make shipping times faster and lower costs between Europe and Asia . | [
"At the time shipping and air travel were not as well developed , and the project promised to significantly reduce shipping times and costs between Europe and Asia ."
] | [
"In the United States these companies were located in rural Pennsylvania , New England or the Midwest where labor was cheap , and paper produced nearby , but still within a few hours ' travel time of the major publishing centers ."
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The idea then was to have 8750 miles ( 14,000 km ) of rail link between Singapore and Istanbul , Turkey . Further connections to Europe and Africa were also considered . | [
"The project was initiated in the 1960s , with the objective of providing a continuous 8750 m rail link between Singapore and Istanbul , Turkey , with possible further connections to Europe and Africa ."
] | [
"Traveling from one end of this line to the other end takes about one hour , and this line is colored red on the rail map ."
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By the 1990s , the end of the Cold war , and normal relations between some countries , made it seem more possible to create a rail network across the Asian continent . | [
"By the 1990s , the end of the Cold War and normalisation of relations between some countries improved the prospects for creating a rail network across the Asian continent ."
] | [
"In addition , it is a future where the only two surviving superpowers , the United States and China , fused to form the central federal government , called the Alliance , resulting in the fusion of the two cultures as well ."
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For the most part , the TAR would not change national gauges ; large machines would be built to move shipping containers from train to train at the breaks of gauge . | [
"For the most part the TAR would not change national gauges ; mechanized facilities would be built to move shipping containers from train to train at the breaks of gauge ."
] | [
"Consequently , Japan had a greater need for new high speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail system had more upgrade potential ."
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The TAR was seen as a way to handle the huge increases in international trade between Eurasian nations . | [
"The TAR was seen as a way to accommodate the huge increases in international trade between Eurasian nations and facilitate the increased movements of goods between countries ."
] | [
"As was realized in the previous decade in Canada and the next year in Hong Kong , existing habits are hard to replace ."
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It was seen as a way to improve the economies of landlocked countries like Laos , Afghanistan , Mongolia , and the Central Asian republics , and make them easier to reach . | [
"It was also seen as a way to improve the economies and accessibility of landlocked countries like Laos , Afghanistan , Mongolia , and the Central Asian republics ."
] | [
"Since the collapse of the Soviet Union , the city has become a relatively lively and well-provisioned capital , with a much higher standard of living than in most rural areas of the country ."
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There are four different major rail gauges ( to measure the distance between rails ) across the continent : most of Europe , as well as Turkey , Iran , China , and the Koreas use the 1435 mm gauge , known as Standard gauge ; Finland , Russia , and the former Soviet republics use a 1520 mm gauge ; most of the railways i... | [
"Four different major rail gauges ( which measures the distance between rails ) exist across the continent : most of Europe , as well as Turkey , Iran , China , and the Koreas use the 1435 mm gauge , known as Standard gauge ; Russia , and the former Soviet republics use a 1520 mm gauge ; Finland use a 1524 mm gauge... | [
"However it is declining in many areas including the Northern and Western United States , Oceania ( Australia and New Zealand ) , northern Europe ( including Great Britain , Scandinavia and other places ) , France , Germany , the Canadian provinces of Ontario , British Columbia , and Quebec , and parts of Asia ( es... | SimpleWiki | {
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Richard Briers was made OBE in 1989 , and CBE in 2003 . | [
"Richard Briers was appointed OBE in 1989 , and CBE in 2003 ."
] | [
"Marshall was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2007 ."
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In the 1980s he starred in Ever Decreasing Circles . He from 2000 to 2002 came back to the spotlight with a leading role in Monarch of the Glen . | [
"In the 1980s he starred in Ever Decreasing Circles , and from 2000 to 2002 came back to the spotlight with a leading role in Monarch of the Glen ."
] | [
"Paul McGann ( born 14 November 1959 in Liverpool , England ) is an English actor who made his name on the BBC serial The Monocled Mutineer , in which he played the lead role ."
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Briers was the first narrator and voice actor for the show Enid Blyton 's Noddy . | [
"Briers was the original narrator and voice actor for the Enid Blyton series Noddy ."
] | [
"These books follow the fortunes of Tamara and William Swift , who first appeared in the BBC computer animated web movie Ghosts of Albion : Legacy ."
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Richard David Briers , CBE ( born 14 January 1934 ) is an English actor whose career has contained theater , television , film and radio . | [
"Richard David Briers , CBE ( born 14 January 1934 ) is an English actor whose career has encompassed theater , television , film and radio ."
] | [
"Sir Michael John Gambon , CBE ( born 19 October 1940 ) is an Irish-born British actor who has worked in theater , television and film ."
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It was in the next decade when he played Tom Good in the BBC sitcom The Good Life that he made a household name . | [
"He first came to prominence as George Starling in Marriage Lines in the 1960s , but it was in the following decade when he played Tom Good in the BBC sitcom The Good Life that he became a household name ."
] | [
"The film 's starring role is played by Mel Gibson , who was relatively unknown at the time ."
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Argenton-Notre-Dame is a commune of 181 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Argenton-Notre-Dame is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Michel-en-l ` Herm is a commune in the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
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Kevin Wayne Durant ( born September 29 , 1988 in Washington , D.C. , United States ) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the NBA . | [
"Kevin Wayne Durant ( born September 29 , 1988 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ."
] | [
"Derrick James Mason ( born January 17 , 1974 in Detroit , Michigan ) is an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League ."
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A 6 ' 9 '' small forward\/shooting guard who is also capable of playing power forward , Durant was the consensus 2007 National College Player of the Year and the 2006 â `` 2007 Big 12 Player of the Year , amongst other awards . After his freshman season at the University of Texas , Durant opted to enter the NBA Draft ,... | [
"On June 28 , 2007 , Durant was taken second overall in the 2007 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics ."
] | [
"Raised in Flint , Michigan , Thomas played college hockey for the University of Vermont for four years from 1993 â `` 1997 , during which , he was drafted 217th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft ."
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Eyre 's horseshoe lake was actually made up of six large salt lakes ; Lake Frome , Lake Callabonna , Lake Blanche , Lake Gregory , Lake Eyre South , and Lake Torrens itself . | [
"Eyre 's horseshoe lake was actually composed of Lake Frome , Lake Callabonna , Lake Blanche , Lake Gregory , Lake Eyre South , and Lake Torrens itself ."
] | [
"The desert is popular with tourists , particularly in winter , and popular landmarks include the ruins and mound springs at Dalhousie Springs , Purnie Bore wetlands , Approdinna Attora Knoll and Poeppel Corner ( where Queensland , South Australia and Northern Territory meet ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The first European to get through this barrier was A. C. Gregory from the north in March 1858 . Later in 1858 , an expedition under B. H. Babbage and Major Warburton in the north-west also crossed the non-existent barrier near modern Marree . | [
"The first European to penetrate the mythical barrier was A. C. Gregory from the north in March 1858 ; later the same year , an expedition under B. H. Babbage and Major Warburton in the north-west also crossed the non-existent barrier near modern Marree ."
] | [
"In 1835 , Major Thomas Mitchell traveled a 483 km portion of the Darling River ."
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Lake Torrens was discovered by Edward John Eyre in 1839 . For many years it was believed that Lake Torrens was a large horseshoe-shaped salt lake in the northern Flinders Ranges . | [
"Discovered by Edward John Eyre in 1839 , for the following twenty years it was believed that Lake Torrens was an enormous horseshoe-shaped saltpan encircling the northern Flinders Ranges and blocking any path to the interior ."
] | [
"But southern parts of its course must be much younger because the areas where the Finke now flows near the southern edge of the Northern Territory , and further south , were under the sea during the Mesozoic Era , part of the Great Artesian Basin ."
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The lake is part of a large rift valley that also includes Spencer Gulf . | [
"It forms part of the same rift valley that includes Spencer Gulf to the south and is approximately 240 km long ."
] | [
"Chasms and gorges form a network that dissects the rocky platforms on the plateau ."
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Lake Torrens has been filled with water twice in the last 150 years . | [
"Lake Torrens is usually a dry salt flat . It has been filled with water only once in the past 150 years ."
] | [
"Sea level here has not risen significantly in the last 6,000 years ."
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The park protects the area around Lake Torrens , which is a large , dry , salt lake covering an area of 5,700 square kilometres . | [
"Lake Torrens is a 5,700 square kilometre endorheic saline rift lake in South Australia ."
] | [
"In extreme events , water from the Finke River flows into the Macumba River , and thence into Lake Eyre , a total distance from headwater streams of around 750 km ."
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This category is for video games made by Nintendo R&D 2 . | [
"Video games developed by Japanese studio Nintendo Research & Development 2 , a defunct division of Nintendo ."
] | [
"Just Bring It ( exciting pro wrestling 3 in japan ) is a professional wrestling video game released on the PlayStation 2 console by THQ and developed by YUKE 's Future Media Creators ."
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Takayuki Komine ( born 25 April 1974 ) is a Japanese football player . | [
"Takayuki Komine is a Japanese football player who recently played for F.C. Gifu ."
] | [
"Yasutoshi Miura ( born 15 July 1965 ) is a former Japanese Soccer player ."
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Confuciusornis is a genus of primitive crow-sized birds from the Lower Cretaceous . It was found in the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China , dating from 125 to 120 million years ago . | [
"Confuciusornis is a genus of primitive crow-sized birds from the Early Cretaceous Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China , dating from 125 to 120 million years ago ."
] | [
"Achillobator ( ; `` Achilles ' warrior\\/hero '' ) is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia , about 90 million years ago ."
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Like modern birds , Confuciusornis had a toothless beak , but close relatives of modern birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis were toothed . This shows that the loss of teeth occurred more than once , in Confuciusornis and in ancestors of modern birds . | [
"Like modern birds , Confuciusornis had a toothless beak , but close relatives of modern birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis were toothed , indicating that the loss of teeth occurred convergently in Confuciusornis and living birds ."
] | [
"One living South American marsupial , the Monito del Monte , has been shown to be more closely related to Australian marsupials than to other South American marsupials ; however , it is the most basal australidelphian , meaning that this superorder arose in South America and then colonized Australia after the Moni... | SimpleWiki | {
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It is also the first known bird to have lost the long tail of Archaeopteryx and develop fused tail vertebrae ( a pygostyle ) . | [
"Recent cladistic analyses suggest that Confuciusornis is the most primitive pygostylian bird ; it has a more primitive skull than Archaeopteryx , but it is the first known bird to have lost the long tail of Archaeopteryx and develop fused tail vertebrae ( a pygostyle ) ."
] | [
"Anchiornis is a small , early troodontid dinosaur with a triangular skull bearing several details in common with other troodontids ."
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The bird was named after the Chinese moral philosopher Confucius ( 551 â `` 479 BC ) . | [
"It was named after the Chinese moral philosopher Confucius ( 551 â `` 479 BCE ) ."
] | [
"The first person to use the word `` geography '' was Eratosthenes ( 276-194 BC ) ."
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The head probably had a small crest or tuft . | [
"The head probably had a small crest or tuft similar to that in today 's mousebirds or turacos ."
] | [
"They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and a distinctive node-like structure that forms a slender waist ."
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In early 2010 , a group of scientists led by Zhang Fucheng examined fossils with preserved melanosomes ( organelles which contain color pigments ) . | [
"In early 2010 , a group of scientists led by Zhang Fucheng examined fossils with preserved melanosomes ( organelles which contain colors ) ."
] | [
"Although it is now difficult to be certain , the scales , claws , some protective armor and the beaks of dinosaurs were probably composed of keratin ."
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By studying the fossils with an electron microscope , they found melanosomes preserved in a fossil Confuciusornis specimen . | [
"By studying such fossils with an electron microscope , they found melanosomes preserved in a fossil Confuciusornis specimen , IVPP V13171 ."
] | [
"The gladiators initially were described from old museum specimens that originally were found in Namibia ( Mantophasma zephyrum ) and Tanzania ( M. subsolanum ) , and from a 45-million-year-old specimen of Baltic amber ( Raptophasma kerneggeri ) ."
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The melanosomes where of two types , which indicates that Confuciusornis had hues of gray , red\/brown and black , possibly something like the modern zebra finch . | [
"This indicates that Confuciusornis had hues of gray , red\\/brown and black , possibly something like the modern zebra finch ."
] | [
"In preserved brains , it has a gray color , hence the name `` gray matter '' ."
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Hurricane Emily was also one of four category 5 hurricane in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season . | [
"Hurricane Emily was the fifth named storm , third hurricane , second major hurricane , and first Category 5 of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season ."
] | [
"Hurricane Gustav was the second most destructive hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season ."
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On July 10 , Tropical Depression Six started . | [
"Tropical Depression Five formed in the central tropical Atlantic the evening of July 10 ."
] | [
"Fabian formed north of Puerto Rico on October 5 ."
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Emily became a hurricane , shortly before striking Grenada on July 14 with winds at 90 mph . | [
"On July 14 , Emily made landfall in northern Grenada with 90 mph ( 145 km\\/h ) winds ."
] | [
"Jose continued to strengthen as it moved towards the coast and made landfall in the state of Veracruz early on August 23 with winds reaching a peak of 60 mph ( 90 km\\/h ) ."
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Late the next day the depression became a tropical storm , it got the name Emily , making it Tropical Storm Emily . | [
"Late on July 11 , it strengthened and was named Tropical Storm Emily ."
] | [
"It crossed the peninsula and emerged into the Bay of Campeche weakened , but still a hurricane ."
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Several thousand teachers teach students of different ages , from elementary to postgraduate . | [
"Several thousand faculty members serve a student body in different academic levels , from elementary to postgraduate ."
] | [
"Also , through the Erasmus program and partnerships with universities in the USA , there are many English , French and Spanish speaking students ."
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It offers elementary , secondary , undergraduate , and graduate level education . | [
"The Ateneo offers programs in the elementary , secondary , undergraduate , and graduate levels ."
] | [
"The Betty Cook Center , established and run by Florida State College at Jacksonville , offers classes for a variety of post-secondary degrees ."
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The Loyola Schools have around 7,500 undergraduate students and around 3,000 graduate students , making the Ateneo small , in number of students , compared to many other Philippine universities . | [
"The Loyola Schools have around 8,000 undergraduate students and around 3,000 graduate students making the Ateneo small , in terms of population , relative to many other Philippine universities ."
] | [
"CSU prepares about 60 % of the teachers in the state , 40 % of the engineering graduates , and more graduates in business , agriculture , communications , health , education and public administration than all other California universities and colleges combined ."
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The school took the name Ateneo when it began teaching secondary education in 1865 , and it has since grown into a university . | [
"The school took the name Ateneo when it began offering secondary education in 1865 , and has since grown into a university engaged in teaching , research , and social outreach ."
] | [
"Far Eastern University ( FEU ) in the University Belt area , West Sampaloc , City of Manila , is a nonsectarian , private university in the Philippines ."
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The University began in 1859 when the City of Manila turned over the Escuela Municipal , a public primary school in Intramuros , to Spanish Jesuits . | [
"The University began operations in 1859 when the City of Manila turned over the Escuela Municipal de Manila , a public primary school in Intramuros , to Spanish Jesuits ."
] | [
"Villa de San Agustin de Laredo was founded in 1755 by Don Tomàs Sà nchez while the area was part of the Nuevo Santander region in the Spanish colony of New Spain . Villa de San Agustin de Laredo got its name from Laredo , Cantabria , Spain and in honor of Saint Augustine of Hippo ."
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The Ateneo de Manila University ( also called `` Ateneo de Manila '' or simply `` the Ateneo '' ) is a private university run by the Society of Jesus in the Philippines . | [
"The Ateneo de Manila University ( also called Ateneo de Manila or simply the Ateneo ) is a private teaching and research university run by the Society of Jesus in the Philippines ."
] | [
"Texas A&M University -- Corpus Christi ( abbreviated Texas A&M -- Corpus Christi , or TAMU -- CC , or A&M - Corpus Christi , or A&M - CC ) is a state university located in Corpus Christi , Texas , United States , on Ward Island in Oso Bay ."
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The Ateneo de Manila University has three campuses in Metro Manila . | [
"The Ateneo de Manila University operates from several campuses in Metro Manila , with each campus housing academic and research units ."
] | [
"It has a land area of 29 hectares , and houses the College of Agriculture Complex , the Silliman Farm , a number of dormitories ( known as the Cocofed Dormitories ) and the Marine Laboratory ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Takes one parameter , the year-number . | [
"Takes one optional parameter , the year-number ."
] | [
"By default , this is the sortkey with link brackets ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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University of South Carolina Upstate is a public university in Spartanburg , South Carolina . | [
"The University of South Carolina Upstate is a public university located in Spartanburg , South Carolina ."
] | [
"Western Kentucky University ( WKU ) is a public university in Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Quintenas is a village and commune of the Ardà che dà partement in the center of southern France . | [
"Quintenas is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Ronno is a commune of the Rhà ne dà partement , in France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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Kevin Harvick drives the # 29 Shell\/Pennzoil Chevrolet Impala for Richard Childress Racing in the NASCAR Sprint cup series . Harvick won the NASCAR Nationwide series championship and the Sprint cup rookie of the year award in 2001 . . | [
"Sunoco asked NASCAR to talk with Richard Childress after Harvick won both the Nationwide Series and Sprint Cup Series races wearing a prominent Shell logo on his fire suit ."
] | [
"Todd Bodine won the 2006 Craftsman Truck Championship on Nov 17 , 2006 by 122 points over Johnny Benson ; it was Bodine 's first-ever championship in any division ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:"
} |
One statistical property one could calculate is the expected percentage of the time the creature will eat cheese over a long period . | [
"One statistical property one could calculate is the expected percentage of the time the creature will eat grapes over a long period ."
] | [
"In sum , an individual has an advantage if it is in the larger of two groups , assuming that the probability of detection and attack does not increase disproportionately with the size of the group ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
This creature 's eating habits can be modeled with a Markov chain since its choice depends on what it ate yesterday , not additionally on what it ate 2 or 3 ( or 4 , etc. . . ) | [
"This creature 's eating habits can be modeled with a Markov chain since its choice depends on what it ate yesterday , not additionally on what it ate 2 or 3 ( or 4 , etc. ) days ago ."
] | [
"In other words , a Las Vegas algorithm does not gamble with the verity of the result ; it only gambles with the resources used for the computation ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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If it ate grapes yesterday , it will eat grapes today with probability 1\/10 , cheese with probability 4\/10 and lettuce with probability 5\/10 . Finally , if it ate lettuce yesterday , it wo n't eat it again today , but will eat grapes with probability 4\/10 or cheese with probability 6\/10 . | [
"Another example is the dietary habits of a creature who eats only grapes , cheese or lettuce , and whose dietary habits conform to the following ( artificial ) rules : it eats exactly once a day ; if it ate cheese yesterday , it will not today , and it will eat lettuce or grapes with equal probability ; if it ate ... | [
"Among the numbers 1 to 6 , the numbers 2 , 3 , and 5 are the prime numbers , while 1 , 4 , and 6 are not prime ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In mathematics , a Markov chain , named after Andrey Markov , is a discrete random process with the Markov property . A discrete random process means a system which can be in various states . | [
"Formally , a Markov chain is a discrete ( discrete-time ) random process with the Markov property ."
] | [
"The strict avalanche criterion ( SAC ) is a generalization of the avalanche effect . It is satisfied if , whenever a single input bit is complemented , each of the output bits changes with a 50 % probability ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Danville is a city of Illinois in the United States . | [
"Danville is a city in Vermilion County , Illinois , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Leland and Jane Stanford started the university . | [
"Stanford was founded by Leland Stanford , a railroad magnate , United States Senator , and former California Governor , and his wife , Jane Stanford ."
] | [
"Historically , Blackwell was home to the Blackwell , Enid and Southwestern Railway ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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The Leland Stanford Junior University , often called Stanford University ( or simply Stanford ) , is a private university next to Palo Alto in California , in the middle of Silicon Valley , about 37 miles ( 60 kilometers ) southeast of San Francisco and about 20 miles northwest of San Josà , in Santa Clara County . | [
"The Leland Stanford Junior University , commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford , is a private research university on an 8180 a campus located near Palo Alto , California . It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula , approximately 20 m northwest of San Jos... | [
"Menlo Park , California is a city in San Mateo County , in the San Francisco Bay Area of California , in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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They named the university after their son , Leland Stanford Junior , who died at young age . | [
"It is named in honor of their only child , Leland Stanford , Jr. , who died in 1884 just before his 16th birthday . His parents decided to dedicate a university to their only son , and Leland Stanford told his wife , `` The children of California shall be our children . ''"
] | [
"Baker had nine children , one of whom was killed in the Vietnam War in 1967 , the same year her husband died ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Leland and Jane Stanford started the university . They named the university after their son , Leland Stanford Junior , who died at young age . | [
"Leland Stanford , a Californian railroad tycoon and politician , founded the university in 1891 in honor of his son , Leland Stanford , Jr. who died of typhoid two months before his 16th birthday ."
] | [
"Their only child , Bob Jones , Jr. was born October 19 , 1911 in Montgomery , where they made their home ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In the Gregorian calendar , 303 out of every 400 years are common years . | [
"In the Gregorian calendar , 303 of every 400 years are common years ."
] | [
"In England and Wales the legal birthday of a leapling is February 28 in common years ( see Leap Years , above ) . In Taiwan the legal birthday of a leapling is also February 28 in common years ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In the Gregorian Calendar a common year has 365 days . This means a common year has 52 weeks and one day . | [
"A common year of 365 days has exactly 52 weeks and one day , so consequently the next new year is one day of the week later ."
] | [
"In Taiwan the legal birthday of a leapling is also February 28 in common years ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
( For example , in 2009 , both January 1 and December 31 fell on a Thursday . ) | [
"( For example , in 2010 , both January 1 and December 31 fell on a Friday . )"
] | [
"Prior to the week of July 14 â `` 19 , no episodes had been shown since November 30 , 2007 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In the Julian calendar , 300 out of every 400 years were common years . | [
"By comparison , in the Julian calendar , 300 out of every 400 years were common years ."
] | [
"Century leap years always start on a Saturday , and the February 29 intercalation of such years is always a Tuesday ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
A common year is a year that is not a leap year . | [
"A common year is a common type of calendar year . It has exactly 365 days and so is not a leap year ."
] | [
"Year 1600 ( MDC ) was a leap year starting on Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) and a century leap year of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Calendar:"
} |
Enriched uranium can be used in nuclear reactors or nuclear weapons . | [
"Enriched uranium was first manufactured in the early 1940s when the United States began its nuclear weapons program . Later in the decade , Britain , France and the Soviet Union began their nuclear weapons and nuclear power programs ."
] | [
"India is now probably the world 's largest concentrator of heavy water , also used in nuclear power reactors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Blingel is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Blingel is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:"
} |
Romagne , Gironde is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Romagne is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Ciers-d ` Abzac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Geography:"
} |
In mathematics , the absolute value of a number is the number without the sign . | [
"In mathematics , the absolute value ( or modulus ) a of a real number a is the numerical value of a without regard to its sign ."
] | [
"An example of a function with the real numbers as both its domain and codomain is the function f ( x ) = 2x , which assigns to every real number the real number with twice its value ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
In mathematics , the absolute value of a number is the number without the sign . The absolute value of 2 is 2 , the absolute value of -2 is also 2 . | [
"The complex absolute value shares all the properties of the real absolute value given in ( 2 ) â `` ( 10 ) above ."
] | [
"For b = 0 , the equation bx = a can be rewritten as 0x = a or simply 0 = a. Thus , in this case , the equation bx = a has no solution if a is not equal to 0 , and has any x as a solution if a equals 0 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Le Ham is a commune of 422 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Le Ham is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Chavagnes-les-Redoux is a commune of the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:"
} |
The first step towards the naming of the canton into Graubà 1\/4 nden was when the league of the Ten Jurisdictions allied with the League of God 's House in 1450 . | [
"The first step towards the canton of Graubà 1\\/4 nden was when the league of the Ten Jurisdictions allied with the League of God 's House in 1450 ."
] | [
"In 1874 , Kreuzlingen became the capital of the district , instead of Gottlieben ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Many of the mountain ranges feature huge glaciers , such as at the Adula , the Albula , the Silvretta , the Bernina , the Bregaglia and the RÃ tikon ranges . | [
"Many of the mountain ranges feature extensive glaciers , such as at the Adula , the Albula , the Silvretta , the Bernina , the Bregaglia and the RÃ tikon ranges ."
] | [
"The railway and bus stations in Visp and Brig are starting points for many outdoor activities , trips , and tours in the surrounding mountain resorts Zermatt and Saas-Fee , lying at the foot of almost all the highest peaks in the Alps , such as Matterhorn , Monte Rosa , Dom and Weisshorn ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
The name Grey League is derived from the homespun gray clothes worn by the people . | [
"The name Grey League is derived from the homespun gray clothes worn by the people and was used exclusively after March 16 , 1424 ."
] | [
"Its well known labels were the Elephants , but the circus was also known for the Sioux , who were employed from the early years ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
In 1367 the League of God 's House was founded against the power of the Bishop of Chur . | [
"In 1367 the League of God 's House ( Cadi , Gottes Haus , Ca ' di Dio ) was founded to resist the rising power of the Bishop of Chur ."
] | [
"For this he was nominated by Louis IV the Bavarian to become duke of Lucca . Castracani 's tomb is in the church of San Francesco ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The languages spoken in Graubà 1\/4 nden are German in the northwest , Romansh in the Engadin and around Disentis\/Must à r ) , and Standard Italian in the valleys Mesolcina\/Misox , Calanca , Val Bregaglia , and Poschiavo . | [
"Graubà 1\\/4 nden is the only canton of Switzerland with three official languages : German ( a dialect of German referred to as Bà 1\\/4 ndnerdeutsch ) in the northwest ( 68 % ) , Romansh in the Engadin and around Disentis\\/Must à r ( 15 % ) , and Italian in the Italian Graubà 1\\/4 nden ( 10 % ) with the remaini... | [
"Bosco Gurin ( walser German : Gurin \\/ Guryn , Lombard : Bosch \\/ GÃ 1\\/4 rin ) is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland . The village is near the end of the valley of Bosco Gurin , near the Italian border ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The mountain ranges in the central area contain many of the deepest vallies in Switzerland . | [
"The mountain ranges in the central area are very deep , some of which are considered the deepest valleys in Europe ."
] | [
"Chasms and gorges form a network that dissects the rocky platforms on the plateau ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Most of the lands of the canton were once part of a Roman province called Raetia that was established in 15 BC . | [
"Most of the lands of the canton were once part of a Roman province called Raetia which was established in 15 BC ."
] | [
"The Austro-Bavarian regiolect has its origins in the Germanic tribe known as the Bavarii , who established a tribal duchy , which covered much of what is today Bavaria and some of Austria in the early Middle Ages and was eventually subdued by Charlemagne ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Chur is also the center of industry . | [
"The Chur area is also an industrial center ."
] | [
"Muri , Formerly known as Muri ( Freiamt ) , is a municipality in southeastern Swiss Canton Aargau and is the capital of same district ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In 1471 , the two leagues aligned with the Grey League . | [
"In 1471 the two leagues allied with the Grey League ."
] | [
"The latter had now become less powerful , and thirteen cardinals deserted him ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Another specialty , made mostly in the western part of Grison , is Capuns , a filling meal of pasta and a little bit of meat , rolled into Chard leaves , eventually baked in mode of a gratin with cheese . | [
"Another specialty , predominantly made in the western part of Grison , is Capuns a hearty meal of meat , cheese and salad leaves ."
] | [
"Beside the usual thin pancakes , called pannkakor , which resembles the French crà pes and , often served with whipped cream and jam , are eaten for lunch on Thursdays with pea soup , the Swedish cuisine has plà ttar which resemble tiny English pancakes , and are fried several at a time in a special pan . Others r... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The main religions are Protestantism and Catholicism . | [
"The main religions are Catholicism and Protestantism ."
] | [
"22 % of the inhabitants claim no religion . Some did not respond , and the remaining practice Islam ( 4.4 % ) , Judaism ( 1.1 % ) , or other religions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Religion and demographics:"
} |
There are many important peaks in the Grison Alps , including the TÃ di at 3,614 meters and the highest peak Piz Bernina at 4,049 meters . | [
"There are many significant elevations in the Grison Alps , including the TÃ di at and the highest peak Piz Bernina at ."
] | [
"The railway and bus stations in Visp and Brig are starting points for many outdoor activities , trips , and tours in the surrounding mountain resorts Zermatt and Saas-Fee , lying at the foot of almost all the highest peaks in the Alps , such as Matterhorn , Monte Rosa , Dom and Weisshorn ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
This was followed by the making of the Grey League , sometimes called Oberbund , in 1395 in the Upper Rhine valley . | [
"This was followed by the establishment of the Grey League ( Grauer Bund ) , sometimes called Oberbund , in 1395 in the Upper Rhine valley ."
] | [
"First named Saxe-M Ã lln , however , renamed following a territorial redeployment including parts of Albert III 's share in 1321 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The lands of the canton of Graubà 1\/4 nden were part of the Helvetic Republic , but the `` perpetual ally '' of Switzerland became a canton in 1803 . | [
"In 1798 , the lands of the canton of Graubà 1\\/4 nden became part of the Helvetic Republic as the Canton of Raetia . With the Act of Mediation the `` perpetual ally '' of Switzerland became a canton in 1803 ."
] | [
"Spreitenbach became a municipality in the short-lived canton of Baden ; since 1803 the municipality has been in the canton of Aargau ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Geography:"
} |
In the southern valleys of Mesolcina\/Misox and Poschiavo there is corn ( maize ) and chestnut farming . | [
"In the southern valleys of Mesolcina and Poschiavo there is corn ( maize ) and chestnut farming ."
] | [
"The countryside is mainly constituted of vineyard , woods , cattle and cereals ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
The canton borders Liechtenstein to the north , Austria to the north and the east , Italy to the south , and the cantons of St. Gallen to the northwest ; Glarus and the canton of Uri to the west , and Ticino to the southwest . | [
"The canton borders on Liechtenstein to the north , Austria to the north and the east , Italy to the south and southeast , and the cantons of St. Gallen to the northwest , Canton of Glarus , Uri to the west , and Ticino to the southwest ."
] | [
"Wil is the capital of the Wahlkreis ( constituency ) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Both are well-represented in the canton , with Roman Catholics forming a slight majority . | [
"Both are well-represented in the canton , with Roman Catholics forming a slight plurality ( 47 % Catholic to 41 % Protestant ) ."
] | [
"The westernmost Bundesland Vorarlberg with its industrial small towns and villages has the highest share of Muslims in the country with 8.36 % ( it resembles the neighboring north-eastern parts of Switzerland in this respect ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The Musso war of the 1520 drove the Three Leagues closer to the Swiss Confederacy . | [
"The Musso war of 1520 drove the Three Leagues closer to the Swiss Confederacy ."
] | [
"The count-bishops then struggled to defend their area against the dukes of Savoy , so that the medieval history of the Valais is inextricably linked with that of the diocese of Sion ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The companion template Template : UserTalkArchiveBox was derived from the template template : archive box collapsible , which was derived from the template template : archive box . | [
"The companion template was derived from the template , which was derived from the template ."
] | [
"If a Shared IP address ' talk page is not already identified or tagged as such , use either the , , or any one of the templates at : Category : Shared IP header templates to do so ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The reasons for the creation of those additional two templates are related to the design of the original templates , which did not match the design of the template : UserTalkArchive and also the limited ability of only supporting 32 archive pages instead of 100 like this template . | [
"The reasons for the creation of these two additional templates are related to the design of the original templates , which did not match the design of this template , and also the limited ability of only supporting 32 archive pages , instead of 100 ."
] | [
"Some techniques here are beyond the basics described in the Wikipedia help-page `` Template '' which explains almost all basic options of template coding , also showing examples of each ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
This is a modified and significantly expanded version of Template : Talkarchivenav that was designd specifically for the user name space and provides many useful features , which are not available in the original template . | [
"This is a modified and significantly expanded version of that was designed specifically for the user name space and provides many useful features , which are not available in the original template ."
] | [
"Although Mediawiki software provides the ability to import articles directly from XML ( which may come from any wiki site ) , this is disabled on en ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Template : UserTalkArchiveBox uses another modified template template : UserTalkArchiveListLong , which was derived from the template : archive list long . | [
"uses another modified template , which was derived from ."
] | [
"If a Shared IP address ' talk page is not already identified or tagged as such , use either the , , or any one of the templates at : Category : Shared IP header templates to do so ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Teri Garr is an American film and TV actress . | [
"Terry Ann `` Teri '' Garr ( born December 11 , 1944 ) is an American film and television actress ."
] | [
"Dana Welles Delany ( born March 13 , 1956 ) is a multi-award winning American film , stage , and television actress ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
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