query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
In other countries this is mostly called the `` toilet '' or `` water closet . '' | [
"In other countries this is usually called the `` toilet '' or alternatively `` water closet '' ( WC ) , lavatory or `` loo '' ."
] | [
"It is sometimes referred to as `` the Cradle of Liberty '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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This Akkadian occupation was succeeded by an occupation during the third dynasty of Ur , and the constructions of Ur-Nammu , the great builder of temples , are on top of those of Naram . | [
"This Akkadian occupation was succeeded by an occupation during the third dynasty of Ur , and the constructions of Ur-Nammu , the great builder of temples , are superimposed immediately upon those of Naram-Sin ."
] | [
"Available historical resources suggest that Babylon was at first a small town which had sprung up by the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god , Enlil , ruler of the cosmos ( universe ) , and subject to An alone . | [
"It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil , the `` Lord Wind , '' ruler of the cosmos subject to An alone ."
] | [
"Tinia ( also Tin , Tinh , Tins or Tina ) was the god of the sky and the highest god in Etruscan mythology , equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Another ruler , Naram-Suen , rebuilt the temple and the city walls ; in the debris of this ancient site his remains were found . | [
"Naram-Suen rebuilt both the temple and the city walls , and in the accumulation of debris now marking the ancient site , his remains are found about half way from the top to the bottom ."
] | [
"However , a letter by the king is preserved on one of the clay tablets found baked in the conflagration of the destruction of the city ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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After the middle of the 12th century BC follows a long period of neglect , but after with the conquest of Babylonia by the Assyrian Sargon II , at the close of the 8th century BC , the city revives . Under Ashurbanipal , about the middle of the 7th century BC , we find Ekur restored with a splendor greater than ever be... | [
"After the middle of the 12th century BC follows another long period of comparative neglect , but with the conquest of Babylonia by the Assyrian king Sargon II , at the close of the 8th century BC , we meet again with building inscriptions , and under Ashurbanipal , about the middle of the 7th century BC , we find ... | [
"Naram-Suen rebuilt both the temple and the city walls , and in the accumulation of debris now marking the ancient site , his remains are found about half way from the top to the bottom ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Late in the 3rd millennium BC , Nippur was conquered and occupied by the Semitic rulers of Akkad , and their rulers , like Sargon , left gifts at this sanctuary . | [
"Late in the 3rd millennium BC , Nippur was conquered and occupied by the Semitic rulers of Akkad , or Agade , and numerous votive objects of Rimush , Sargon and Naram-Suen testify to the veneration in which they also held this sanctuary ."
] | [
"The cities of Norsuntepe , Emar and Carchemish were destroyed , Assyria lost northwestern cities to Mushki , which were reconquered by Tiglath-Pileser I after his ascension to kingship ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Nippur was one of the most ancient of all the Sumerian cities . | [
"Nippur ( Sumerian : Nibru , often logographically recorded as , EN . LÃ LKI , `` Enlil City ; '' Akkadian : Nibbur ) was one of the most ancient of all the Sumerian cities ."
] | [
"Mohenjo-daro in ancient times was most likely one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization . It was the most developed and advanced city in South Asia , during its peak ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Nippur was always part of a larger empire . Its control was crucial , as it gave overall ` kingship ' to monarchs from other city-states . | [
"Nippur never enjoyed political hegemony in its own right , but its control was crucial , as it was considered capable of conferring the overall `` kingship '' on monarchs from other city-states ."
] | [
"Settlement was concentrated in cities along the coastal plain and along major communication routes ; the central and northern hill country which would later become the biblical kingdom of Israel was only sparsely inhabited although letters from the Egyptian archives indicate that Jerusalem was already a Canaanite ... | SimpleWiki | {
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It is divided into two main parts by the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil ( Arakhat ) . | [
"It is represented by the great complex of ruin mounds known to the Arabs as Nuffar , written by the earlier explorers Niffer , divided into two main parts by the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil ( Arakhat ) ."
] | [
"The province takes its name from the Taà no name of the region , Dahaboon ; it was also the name of the main river of the region ( the Dajabà n River ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The highest point of these ruins , a conical hill rising about 30 m above the level of the surrounding plain , northeast of the canal bed , is called by the Arabs Bint el-Amiror ( ` prince 's daughter ' ) . | [
"The highest point of these ruins , a conical hill rising about 30 m above the level of the surrounding plain , northeast of the canal bed , is called by the Arabs Bint el-Amiror `` prince 's daughter . ''"
] | [
"It encloses several lakes , most notably the 12 m long Lake Windsor ( also called Lake Rosa ) which occupies nearly 1\\/4 of the interior ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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It was a sacred city , important because it had the famous shrine of Enlil . | [
"It was distinctively a sacred city , important from the possession of the famous shrine of Enlil ."
] | [
"He founded a hunting ground ( which was named after him ) and the city of Dvin , which later became the Armenian capital ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Nippur was situated on both sides of the Shatt-en-Nil canal , one of the earliest courses of the Euphrates . It lies between the present bed of that river and the Tigris , almost 160 km southeast of Baghdad . | [
"Nippur was situated on both sides of the Shatt-en-Nil canal , one of the earliest courses of the Euphrates , between the present bed of that river and the Tigris , almost 160 km southeast of Baghdad ."
] | [
"The eastern Mediterranean seaboard â `` the Levant â `` stretches 400 miles north to south from the Taurus Mountains to the Sinai desert , and 70 to 100 miles east to west between the sea and the Arabian desert ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Gibson City is a city of Illinois in the United States . | [
"Gibson City is a city in Ford County , Illinois , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
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He became Finance Minister in November 1999 . Aziz was chosen by President Musharraf for the position of Prime Minister after the resignation of Zafarullah Khan Jamali on June 6 , 2004 . | [
"He became Finance Minister in November 1999 and was named by the Pakistan Muslim League for the position of Prime Minister after the resignation of Zafarullah Khan Jamali on June 6 , 2004 ."
] | [
"The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19 , 1960 by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Shaukat Aziz ( Urdu : Ø Ù Ú Ø Ø Ø Û Ø ) , ( born March 6 , 1949 in Karachi , Pakistan ) was the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2004 to 2007 . | [
"Shaukat Aziz , ( born March 6 , 1949 in Karachi , Pakistan ) was the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2004 to 2007 ."
] | [
"Levy Patrick Mwanawasa ( September 3 , 1948 â `` August 19 , 2008 ) was the third President of Zambia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Geography:",
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Common Lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ) is a species of plant . It belongs in the family Oleaceae . | [
"Syringa vulgaris ( Lilac or Common Lilac ) is a species of Syringa in the olive family Oleaceae , native to the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe , where it grows on rocky hills ."
] | [
"Alder is the common name of a genus of flowering plants ( Alnus ) belonging to the birch family ( Family Betulaceae ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Kendallville is a city in the state of Indiana , in the United States . | [
"Kendallville is a city in Wayne Township , Noble County , Indiana , United States ."
] | [
"Lake Station is a city in Lake County , Indiana , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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MÄ lini is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania . | [
"MÄ lini is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | [
"Sadova is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Edward B. Lewis ( May 20 , 1918 â `` July 21 , 2004 ) was an American geneticist . He shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . | [
"Edward B. Lewis ( May 20 , 1918 â `` July 21 , 2004 ) was an American geneticist , a corecipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ."
] | [
"Richard Axel ( born July 2 , 1946 , New York City ) is an American neuroscientist whose work on the olfactory system won him and Linda B. Buck , a former post-doctoral scientist in his research group , the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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His Nobel Prize winning studies with Drosophila founded the field of developmental genetics and laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the universal , evolutionarily conserved strategies controlling animal development . | [
"His Nobel Prize winning studies with Drosophila , ( including the discovery of the Drosophila Bithorax complex and elucidation of its function ) , founded the field of developmental genetics and laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the universal , evolutionarily conserved strategies controlling ani... | [
"Sensing of both the external and internal environments at the cellular level relies on signal transduction . Many disease processes , such as diabetes , heart disease , autoimmunity , and cancer arise from defects in signal transduction pathways , further highlighting the critical importance of signal transduction... | SimpleWiki | {
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This template is used by the CommonsTicker bot to format entries on CommonsTicker . | [
"This template is used by the CommonsTicker bot ( running here as User : CommonsTickerBot ) to format entries on CommonsTicker ."
] | [
"These are the parameters which are entered on the talk page ( , , etc. ) and they must be ` passed through ' the project banner to the meta-template underneath ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Technology:"
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La Lande-sur-Dr à me is a commune . It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"La Lande-sur-Dr à me is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Saint-Vigor-des-M Ã zerets is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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MÃ nchengladbach is a city in the very west of Germany , in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . | [
"MÃ nchengladbach is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany ."
] | [
"Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Bouà re is a commune of 321 people ( 2004 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Bouà re is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Chà cents teau-Guibert is a commune of the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Vaisakhi , also known as Baisakhi or Vasakhi is the ancient harvest festival in the Punjab region . It is also the start of a new solar year , and new harvest season . | [
"Vaisakhi ( , ' , also known as Baisakhi or Vasakhi ) is an ancient harvest festival in the Punjab region , which also marks beginning of a new solar year , and new harvest season ."
] | [
"The Hijra is celebrated annually on 8 Rabi ' I , about 66 days after 1 Muharram , the first day of the Muslim year ( for millions of muslims from the Sunnah Wal Jamaah sect however , the Hijra is celebrated on 1st Muharram ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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In Sikhism , it remembers the creation of the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib in 1699 , by the 10th Sikh Guru , Guru Gobind Singh . | [
"In Sikhism , it is one of the most significant holidays in the Sikh calendar , commemorating the establishment of the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib in 1699 , by the 10th Sikh Guru , Guru Gobind Singh ."
] | [
"Though Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji contains the compositions of both Sikh Gurus as well the other great saints ( Bhagats ) â '' including those of the Hindu and Muslim faithâ '' no distinction whatsoever is made between the works of Sikh Gurus and the works of the Bhagats contained within the Siri Guru Granth Sahib ;... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:",
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Le Mars is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Le Mars is a city in and the county seat of Plymouth County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Magnolia is a city in Harrison County , Iowa in the United States of America ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Dr Hywel Francis ( born 1946 ) is a Welsh politician and the Member of Parliament for the Aberavon constituency in the United Kingdom . He was elected in the 2001 General Election . | [
"Dr ( David ) Hywel Francis ( born 6 June 1946 ) is a Welsh Labor Party politician , who has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Aberavon since 2001 ."
] | [
"James Mark Dakin Purnell ( born 2 March 1970 ) is a British Labor Party politician , who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Stalybridge and Hyde from 2001 to 2010 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Nubra Valley is situated about 150 km north of Leh , the capital town of Ladakh , Occupied Kashmir . | [
"Nubra Valley ( Urdu : Ù Ø Ø Ø Ù Ù Ù Û ' ) is about 150 km north of Leh , the capital town of Ladakh , India ."
] | [
"Kishtwar National Park is a national park located in the Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir , India ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Its name is derived from Ldumra ( the valley of flowers ) . | [
"Local scholars say that its original name was Ldumra ( the valley of flowers ) ."
] | [
"The name is western Greenlandic and means '' ( the ) white ( one ) '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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The Austronesian languages are a language family . | [
"Some Austronesian languages are official languages ( see the list of Austronesian languages ) ."
] | [
"The Indo-Aryan languages ( within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic ) constitutes a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages , itself a branch of the Indo-European language family ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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The central plot of the program revolves around the titular character , a somewhat anthropomorphized dog named Courage . | [
"The central plot of the program revolves around the titular protagonist , a somewhat anthropomorphic dog named Courage ."
] | [
"Mandel also provided the voice of both Bobby and his father Howard Generic , who looks like a cartoon version of Mandel himself ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Courage lives with his owners Muriel and Eustace Bagge , an elderly couple , in a farmhouse in the middle of the town of Nowhere , Kansas . | [
"Courage lives with his owners , Muriel and Eustace Bagge , a married couple of elderly farmers , in the `` middle of Nowhere '' ( the fictional town of Nowhere , Kansas ) ."
] | [
"The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and returning to Alvin 's home in the west ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Hames-Boucres is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Hames-Boucres is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Vitry-en-Artois is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Pope Sixtus IV ( July 21 , 1414 - August 12 , 1484 ) , originally Francesco Della Rovere , was pope from 1471 to 1484 . | [
"Pope Sixtus IV ( July 21 , 1414 -- August 12 , 1484 ) , born Francesco della Rovere , was Pope from 1471 to 1484 ."
] | [
"Conrad II ( c. 990 -- June 4 , 1039 ) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1027 until his death ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about History:",
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Arawa Kimura ( born 8 July 1931 - died 21 February 2007 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Arawa Kimura ( July 8 , 1931 -- February 21 , 2007 ) was a Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Tatsuhiko Seta ( born January 15 , 1952 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Sports:"
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Many other Major League Baseball teams like the Montreal Expos and New York Yankees later put pin stripes on their own uniforms . | [
"Many other Major League Baseball teams â '' including the Minnesota Twins , Montreal Expos , New York Yankees , and Philadelphia Phillies â '' later adopted pin stripes on their own uniforms ."
] | [
"Throwback uniforms and jerseys are one-time or limited-time variations on a sports team 's uniforms styled to resemble uniforms from that team 's past ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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In baseball , the Chicago Cubs baseball uniforms have had pin stripes since 1907 and they are recognized as the first Major League Baseball team to have pin striping onto a baseball uniform . | [
"The Chicago Cubs ' baseball uniforms have had pin stripes since 1907 and they are recognized as the first Major League Baseball team to incorporate pin striping into a baseball uniform ."
] | [
"Throwback uniforms and jerseys are one-time or limited-time variations on a sports team 's uniforms styled to resemble uniforms from that team 's past ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell , known simply as Jane Russell ( 21 June 1921 - 28 February 2011 ) was an American actress , born in Minnesota . | [
"Jane Russell ( June 21 , 1921 - February 28 , 2011 ) was an American film actress and was one of Hollywood 's leading sex symbols in the 1940s and 1950s ."
] | [
"Edith Massey ( May 28 , 1918 â `` October 24 , 1984 ) was an American actress and singer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1992 . | [
"Riggins was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1992 ."
] | [
"A four-time Vezina Trophy winner , Thompson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Robert John Riggins ( born August 4 , 1949 in Seneca , Kansas ) is a retired American football quarterback who used to play for the New York Jets and Washington Redskins of the NFL . He was nicknamed `` The Diesel '' . | [
"Robert John Riggins , nicknamed `` The Diesel '' , ( born August 4 , 1949 ) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the New York Jets and Washington Redskins ."
] | [
"Amani Toomer ( born September 8 , 1974 in Berkeley , California ) is a retired American football wide receiver who played at the National Football League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Piper 's Pit is a very popular interview segment on Raw that is usually hosted by `` Rowdy '' Roddy Piper . | [
"Piper 's Pit returned during Piper 's short return to the WWE in 2003 . The segment also made a return in 2005 at WrestleMania 21 interviewing Stone Cold Steve Austin , the night after Rowdy Roddy Piper was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame ."
] | [
"Vince McMahon , Rob Bartlett and `` Macho Man '' Randy Savage served as the original hosts of Raw ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This list , by their present names , of heavy rail passenger stations in the Greater London region excludes stations served only by the London Underground , Tramlink and Docklands Light Railway systems . | [
"The list includes National Rail and Heathrow Airport stations . It does not include stations exclusively served by the London Underground , Tramlink and Docklands Light Railway ."
] | [
"It was the first underground railway ( or subway ) in the world , opening as the Metropolitan Railway on 10 January 1863 . ( Parts of that initial railway are no longer served by the Metropolitan line , but by the Hammersmith & City , District and Circle lines . )"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Closed railway stations in London , London station group = Main central area stations grouped for interchange and ticketing , and London Underground and Docklands Light Railway stations . | [
"It does not include stations exclusively served by the London Underground , Tramlink and Docklands Light Railway ."
] | [
"It is the terminus of the line seved by National Express East Anglia from Liverpool Street , one of the Lea Valley Lines ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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An afghan hound is a dog from Afghanistan . | [
"The Afghan Hound is one of the oldest sighthound dog breeds ."
] | [
"It is traditionally called the `` King of Terriers '' because it is the largest of the terrier breeds ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Other names for them are Kuchi Hound , TÄ zÄ `` , Balkh Hound , Baluchi Hound , Barutzy Hound , Shalgar Hound , Kabul Hound , Galanday Hound , or sometimes , not rightly , African Hound . | [
"Other alternate names for this breed are Kuchi Hound , TÄ zÄ `` , Balkh Hound , Baluchi Hound , Barutzy Hound , Shalgar Hound , Kabul Hound , Galanday Hound , or sometimes incorrectly African Hound ."
] | [
"Other tribes in this area include Turks ( Pakistani Turks ) , Awan , Malik , Abbasi and a handful of Mughals ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The castor oil plant ( Ricinus communis ) , is a plant species of the Euphorbiaceae , the sole member of the genus Ricinus and of the subtribe Ricininae . | [
"The castor oil plant , Ricinus communis , is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family , Euphorbiaceae . It belongs to a monotypic genus , Ricinus , and subtribe , Ricininae ."
] | [
"Coffea is a large genus ( containing more than 90 species ) of flowering plants in the madder family , Rubiaceae ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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Bucy-l à s-Pierrepont is a commune . | [
"Bucy-l à s-Pierrepont is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Grà cents ce-Hollogne is a municipality of Belgium ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
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She became Professor of Clarinet at the Guildhall in 1951 , and stayed there until 1969 . | [
"She was Professor of Clarinet at the Guildhall from 1951 until 1969 ."
] | [
"He was associated with the Royal Opera House from 1952 , and with Opera Australia from 1970 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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She went to Priors Field School , then went to the Royal Academy of Music and then got a scholarship to the Guildhall School of Music . | [
"Born in London , she attended Priors Field School . Following two years at the Royal Academy of Music she won a scholarship to the Guildhall School of Music before studying privately with the noted clarinetist Frederick Thurston ."
] | [
"Born in Tackley in Oxfordshire , Rolfe Johnson studied with Ellis Keeler and Vera Rosza at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pamela Weston ( born London , 17 October 1921 ; died 9 September 2009 , ZÃ 1\/4 rich , Switzerland ) was a British clarinettist , teacher and writer . | [
"Pamela Theodora Weston ( born 17 October 1921 , London â '' died 9 September 2009 , Zurich , Switzerland ) was a British clarinetist , teacher and writer ."
] | [
"Benjamin James Dale ( London , 17 July 1885 â `` London , 30 July 1943 ) was an English composer and educationalist ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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She wrote several books about famous clarinet players of the past . She also wrote `` The Clarinet Teacher 's Companion '' , a book which was used by many clarinet teachers . | [
"Her first book , Clarinet Virtuosi of the Past , published in 1971 , was followed by The Clarinet Teacher 's Companion ( 1976 ) , More Clarinet Virtuosi of the Past ( 1977 ) , Clarinet Virtuosi of Today ( 1989 ) and Yesterday 's Clarinettists : A Sequel ( 2002 ) ."
] | [
"Reinecke is best known for his flute sonata `` Undine '' , but he is also remembered as one of the most influential and versatile musicians of his time ."
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Droizy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Droizy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Montigny-l ` Allier is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
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Jun Ideguchi ( born 14 May 1979 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Jun Ideguchi ( born May 14 , 1979 ) is a former Japanese footballer ."
] | [
"Kim Wi-Man ( born June 23 , 1979 ) is a former North Korean football player ."
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With Carlo Rosselli , Berneri organized the first troop ( column ) of Italian volunteers to fight in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Franco . | [
"With Carlo Rosselli , Berneri organized the first column of Italian volunteers to fight in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Franco 's attempted takeover , where he took part in the battles of Monte Pelado and Huesca ( in Aragon ) together with the Spanish anarchists of Francisco Ascaso Column and the Italia... | [
"In 1920 , during the Tours Congress , the majority and left wing of the party broke away and formed the French Section of the Communist International to join the Third International founded by Vladimir Lenin ."
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Berneri , a World War I veteran , University of Florence professor of humanities , and a member of the Unione Anarchica Italiana , fought always Fascists , and he started to fight fascism until1926 , when he was forced to escape from Italy and he went in France , then Switzerland , Germany , Belgium , Luxembourg , and ... | [
"Berneri , a World War I veteran , University of Florence professor of humanities , and a member of the Unione Anarchica Italiana , had been opposed to the takeover of his country by Fascists , engaging in resistance until 1926 , when he was forced to take refuge to France , then Switzerland , Germany , Belgium , L... | [
"Hurwicz , who had graduated from Warsaw University in 1938 , at the time of Nazi invasion on Poland was in London , moved to Switzerland then to Portugal and finally in 1940 he emigrated to the United States ."
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Camillo Berneri ( also known as Camillo da Lodi ; 1877 , Lodi -- May 5 1937 , Barcelona ) was an Italian professor of philosophy , anarchist militant , propagandist and theorist . | [
"Camillo Berneri ( also known as Camillo da Lodi ; May 28 , 1897 , Lodi -- May 5 , 1937 , Barcelona ) was an Italian professor of philosophy , anarchist militant , propagandist and theorist ."
] | [
"Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo ( 23 July 1886 , La Coruà a , Spain - 14 December 1978 , Locarno , Switzerland ) was a Spanish diplomat , writer , historian and pacifist ."
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During the Barcelona May Days , as troop of Communist Party of Spain members ( apparently under orders from Joseph Stalin ) searched and than murdered him . | [
"During the Barcelona May Days , as squads of Communist Party of Spain members ( apparently under orders from Joseph Stalin ) took to the streets in order to hunt down leading anarchists , Berneri was dragged from his home and murdered ."
] | [
"Unfortunately , as they were leaving Gallo the Internationalists were surprised and surrounded by government troops and all were arrested ."
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When he was in these countries he wrote lot of anti-clerical and anti-fascist articles . | [
"Although under constant surveillance , he nonetheless wrote on several topics , mostly anti-clerical and anti-fascist articles ."
] | [
"While living in the Soviet Union she became more enthused with the Soviet government and wrote many books praising it ."
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In all these countries , Berneri was frequently placed under arrest , and then often expelled , because he was an anarchist . | [
"In all these countries , Berneri was frequently placed under arrest , being usually expelled ."
] | [
"Camenisch has maintained his political beliefs during his time in prison , and he has remained a political activist ."
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After months he became highly critical of the involvement of Confederacià n Nacional del Trabajo ( CNT ) members in the Popular Front government , and he sent a letter to Federica Montseny ( Anarchist minister for Healt in the government against fascism ) . | [
"He became highly critical of the involvement of Confederacià n Nacional del Trabajo ( CNT ) members in the Popular Front government , expressing his views in an open letter to Federica Montseny ( Anarchist minister for Health ) ."
] | [
"With Carlo Rosselli , Berneri organized the first column of Italian volunteers to fight in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Franco 's attempted takeover , where he took part in the battles of Monte Pelado and Huesca ( in Aragon ) together with the Spanish anarchists of Francisco Ascaso Column and the Italia... | SimpleWiki | {
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He was married to Giovanna Berneri , and was father of Marie-Louise Berneri and Giliane Berneri , the children 's were anarchists as the father Camillo . | [
"He was married to Giovanna Berneri , and was father of Marie-Louise Berneri and Giliane Berneri , all of whom were also anarchists ."
] | [
"The same year , she married the Italian dancer Luigi Casagli , and is thus known as Justina Casagli ."
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A driver 's license , driver license , driver licence , or driving licence is an official document which states that a person may drive a motorized vehicle , such as a motorcycle , car , truck , or a bus . | [
"A driver 's license\\/licence ( United States , Canada , South Africa ) , or driving licence ( United Kingdom , Ireland , rest of Commonwealth ; see spelling differences ) is an official document which states that a person may operate a motorized vehicle , such as a motorcycle , car , truck or a bus , on a public ... | [
"A passenger is a term broadly used to describe any person who travels in a vehicle , but bears little or no responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination ."
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The barrier was the second of two `` great walls '' created by the Romans in Britannia . | [
"The barrier was the second of two `` great walls '' created by the Romans in Caledonia ."
] | [
"Little of that wall remains ; the majority of the existing wall was built during the Ming Dynasty ."
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There was a deep ditch on the north side . | [
"Security was bolstered by a deep ditch on the north side ."
] | [
"His land was sold for  # 2,000 to John Coghill , who now owned all the land on the south , east and north of the town ."
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It was the northernmost frontier barrier of the Roman Empire . It spanned about 39 miles ( 63 km ) , and was about ten feet ( 3 m ) high and fifteen feet ( 5 m ) wide . | [
"Representing the northernmost frontier barrier of the Roman Empire , it spanned approximately 39 miles ( 63 km ) and was about ten feet ( 3 m ) high and fifteen feet ( 5 m ) wide ."
] | [
"It is the largest lake in the Middle East , and the third largest salt water lake on earth , with a surface area of approximately 5,200 km ( 2,000 mile ) , 140 km ( 87 miles ) length , 55 km ( 34 miles ) width , and 16 m ( 52 ft ) depth ."
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The soldiers who built the wall commemorated the construction and their struggles with the barbarians in a number of decorative slabs , twenty of which still survive . | [
"The soldiers who built the wall commemorated the construction and their struggles with the Caledonians in a number of decorative slabs , twenty of which still survive ."
] | [
"A flight of steps cut out of the rock gives access to the antechamber , which is decorated with paintings based on chapter 17 of the Book of the Dead ."
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The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Romans across the Midlands of Scotland , between the Firth of Forth ( near modern Edinburgh ) and the Firth of Clyde ( near Glasgow ) . | [
"The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Romans across what is now the Central Belt of Scotland , between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde ."
] | [
"The Firth of Forth is the estuary or firth of Scotland 's River Forth , where it flows into the North Sea , between Fife to the north , and West Lothian , the City of Edinburgh and East Lothian to the south ."
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Despite this good start , the wall was abandoned after only twenty years . The garrisons were sent back to Hadrian 's Wall . | [
"Despite this auspicious start the wall was abandoned after only twenty years , and the garrisons relocated back to Hadrian 's Wall ."
] | [
"The victory over the legions was followed by a clean sweep of all Roman forts , garrisons and cities â '' of which there were at least two â '' east of the Rhine ; the remaining two Roman legions , commanded by Varus ' nephew Lucius Nonius Asprenas , were content to try to hold that river ."
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Its ruins are less visible than the better known Hadrian 's Wall to the south . | [
"Its ruins are less evident than the better known Hadrian 's Wall to the south ."
] | [
"The first walls were wood and earth palisades built to defend the Roman fort in 79 , although these were replaced by stronger stone walls between the 1st and 3rd century ."
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Many of these have come under the care of Historic Scotland and the UNESCO World Heritage Site Committee . | [
"Many of these have come under the care of Historic Scotland and the UNESCO World Heritage Committee ."
] | [
"It was registered in 1993 as one of the first UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Japan ."
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2D systems use symbols other than bars , but they are still referred to as barcodes as well . | [
"Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols , they are generally referred to as barcodes as well ."
] | [
"Among other things , it explains how the layout of books can be improved and how books are stored on Wikipedia ."
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Originally , barcodes represented data in the widths ( lines ) and the spacings of parallel lines , and may be referred to as linear or 1D ( 1 dimensional ) barcodes . | [
"Originally , barcodes represented data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines , and may be referred to as linear or 1 dimensional ( 1D ) ."
] | [
"Signals ( perhaps from audio or video sensors ) are constantly converted from analog to digital , manipulated digitally , and then converted again to analog form , as diagrammed below ."
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In point-of-sale management , the use of barcodes can provide up-to-date information on aspects of the business , . | [
"In point-of-sale management , barcode systems can provide detailed up-to-date information on the business , accelerating decisions and with more confidence ."
] | [
"Relational databases are currently the predominant choice in storing data like financial records , medical records , personal information and manufacturing and logistical data ."
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The reason barcodes are business-friendly is that the scanners are relatively low cost and extremely accurate compared to key-entry , with only about 1 substitution error in 15,000 to 36 trillion characters entered . | [
"Barcode scanners are relatively low cost and extremely accurate compared to key-entry , with only about 1 substitution error in 15,000 to 36 trillion characters entered ."
] | [
"Better FEC codes typically examine the last several dozen , or even the last several hundred , previously received bits to determine how to decode the current small handful of bits ( typically in groups of 2 to 8 bits ) ."
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Barcodes can be read by optical scanners called barcode readers , or scanned from an image by special software . | [
"Barcodes originally were scanned by special -- optical scanners called barcode readers , scanners and interpretive software are available on devices including desktop printers and smartphones ."
] | [
"Scantron is an American company , based in Eagan , Minnesota , that manufactures and sells machine-readable papers on which students mark answers to academic multiple-choice test questions . To analyze those answers , the machines use image-based data collection software and scanners ."
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The first use of barcodes was to label railroad cars , but they were not commercially successful until they were used to automate supermarket checkout systems , a task in which they have become almost universal . | [
"The first use of barcodes was to label railroad cars , but they were not commercially successful until they were used to automate supermarket checkout systems , a task for which they have become almost universal ."
] | [
"The use of slide rules continued to grow through the 1950s and 1960s even as digital computing devices were being gradually introduced ; but around 1974 the electronic scientific calculator made it largely obsolete and most suppliers left the business ."
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To be eligible for election a candidate for the board must be among the chief executive officers of member companies of the organization . | [
"To be eligible for election a candidate for the board must be among the executive officers of the member companies ."
] | [
"To be deemed an Active Member , a person has to be involved with the Church and local members ."
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The Canadian Recording Industry Association is a non-profit trade organization that was founded in 1964 to represent the interests of Canadian companies that create , manufacture and market sound recordings in Canada . | [
"The Canadian Recording Industry Association ( CRIA ) is a Toronto-based , non-profit trade organization that was founded 9 April 1963 to represent the interests of companies that record , manufacture and market sound recordings in Canada ."
] | [
"Its membership comprises hundreds of music companies including all four `` major '' record companies ( Warner Music Group , EMI , Sony Music Entertainment , and Universal Music Group ) , associate members such as manufacturers and distributors , and hundreds of independent music companies representing literally th... | SimpleWiki | {
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Humberto Tozzi ( born 4 February , 1934 ) is a former Brazilian football player . | [
"Humberto Barbosa Tozzi ( 4 February 1934 -- 17 April 1980 ) was a Brazilian international footballer who played for Sà # o Cristà và # o , Palmeiras , Lazio and Fluminense . Tozzi represented Brazil at the 1954 FIFA World Cup ."
] | [
"Ranieli Jose Cechinato ( born December 19 , 1970 ) is a former Brazilian football player ."
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Samuel Langhorne Clemens ( November 30 , 1835 -- April 21 , 1910 ) , more widely known as Mark Twain , was a well known American writer born in Florida , Missouri . | [
"Samuel Langhorne Clemens ( November 30 , 1835 â `` April 21 , 1910 ) , better known by his pen name Mark Twain , was an American author and humorist ."
] | [
"Peter Aurness ( March 18 , 1926 â `` March 14 , 2010 ) , known professionally as Peter Graves , was an American film and television actor ."
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Government funding of NGOs is controversial , since , according David Rieff , writing in The New Republic , `` the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precisely that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected to repr... | [
"Government funding of NGOs is controversial , since , according to David Rieff , writing in The New Republic , `` the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precisely that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected... | [
"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the concept of `` human rights '' in general were designed to limit oppression by giving a clear articulation of what fundamental freedoms any system should allow to all of the people over whom it has power ."
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Unlike the term intergovernmental organization , `` non-governmental organization '' is a term in general use but is not a legal definition . | [
"Unlike the term `` intergovernmental organization '' , the term `` non-governmental organization '' has no generally agreed legal definition ."
] | [
"A functionary is someone who carries out a particular role within an organization ; this again is quite a close synonym for official , as a noun , but with connotations closer to bureaucrat ."
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In many jurisdictions these types of organization are defined as `` civil society organizations '' or referred to by other names . | [
"In many jurisdictions , these types of organization are called `` civil society organizations '' or referred to by other names ."
] | [
"Some countries such as Sweden , Norway , Switzerland , the Philippines and the United States do not use the term `` ministry '' for their sectors of government public administration , and instead call them `` departments '' ."
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Non-governmental organization ( NGO ) is a term that has become widely accepted as referring to a legally constituted , non-governmental organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government . | [
"A non-governmental organization ( NGO ) is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government and a term usually used by governments to refer to entities that have no government status ."
] | [
"The Public Sector , sometimes referred to as the state sector is a part of the state that deals with either the production , delivery and allocation of goods and services by and for the government or its citizens , whether national , regional or local\\/municipal ."
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In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments , the NGO maintains its non-governmental status and excludes government representatives from membership in the organization . | [
"In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments , the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the organization ."
] | [
"As a political organization , the World Bank must meet the demands of donor and borrowing governments , private capital markets , and other international organizations ."
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A talent agent , or booking agent , is a person who finds jobs for actors , musicians , models , and other people in different entertainment businesses . | [
"A talent agent , or booking agent , is a person who finds jobs for actors , authors , film directors , musicians , models , producers , professional athletes , writers and other people in various entertainment businesses ."
] | [
"The American Latino Media Arts Award , or ALMA Award is a distinction awarded to Latino performers ( actors , film and television directors , musicians , and designers ) who promote positive portrayals of Latinos in the entertainment field ."
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The Pact of Steel , or formally the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy , was an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany signed on May 22 , 1939 , by the foreign ministers of each country and witnessed by Count Galeazzo Ciano for Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany . | [
"The Pact of Steel , known formally as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy , was an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany signed on May 22 , 1939 , by the foreign ministers of each country and witnessed by Count Galeazzo Ciano for Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany ."
... | [
"Albert Speer , born Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer , ( ; March 19 , 1905 â `` September 1 , 1981 ) was a German architect who was , for a part of World War II , Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich ."
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The name of the Pact came from Italian leader Benito Mussolini who thought that its original name , `` the Pact of Blood '' , would likely less popular in Italy . | [
"It was Italian leader Benito Mussolini who dubbed the agreement `` the Pact of Steel '' , after being told that its original name , `` the Pact of Blood '' , would likely be received poorly in Italy ."
] | [
"`` The Government of Barons '' , as Papen 's government was known , openly had as its objective the destruction of German democracy ."
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Testimony was given both by Nazis and by British prisoners of war about the development of an industrial process for producing soap from human bodies , the production of such soap on a small-scale basis , and the actual use of this soap by Nazi workers at the Danzig Anatomic Institute . | [
"Testimony was given both by Nazis and by British prisoners of war about the development of an industrial process for producing soap from human bodies , the production of such soap on a small-scale basis , and the actual use of this soap by Nazi personnel at the Danzig Anatomic Institute ."
] | [
"This gas chamber operated from 1941 to 1942 , during which time some 60,000 people were killed therein ; it was then converted into an air-raid shelter for the use of the SS ."
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Mainstream scholars of the Holocaust think that the idea that the Nazis made soap on an large scale to be part of WWII folklore . | [
"Mainstream scholars of the Holocaust consider the idea that the Nazis manufactured soap on an industrial scale to be part of World War II folklore ."
] | [
"After the war , the judges of the Nuremberg Trials declared the SS and its sub-parts criminal organizations responsible for the implementation of racial policies of genocide and committing war crimes and crimes against humanity ."
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Eyewitnesses included British POWs who were part of the forced labor that built the camp , and Dr. StanisÅ aw Byczkowski , head of the Department of Toxicology at the GdaÅ sk School of Medicine . | [
"Eyewitnesses included British POWs who were part of the forced labor that constructed the camp , and Dr. StanisÅ aw Byczkowski , head of the Department of Toxicology at the GdaÅ sk School of Medicine ."
] | [
"Also named for PiŠsudski have been PiŠsudski 's Mound , one of four man-made mounds at Krakà w ; the Jà zef PiŠsudski Institute of America , a New York City research center and museum on the modern history of Poland ; the Jà zef PiŠsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw ; a passenger ship , MS PiŠs... | SimpleWiki | {
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The Yad Vashem Memorial has said that the Nazis did not make soap from Jewish bodies on an large scale , saying that rumors that soap from human bodies was being made and given out were used by the Nazis to frighten camp inmates . | [
"The Yad Vashem Memorial has stated that the Nazis did not produce soap from Jewish corpses on an industrial scale , saying that rumors that soap from human corpses was being mass-produced and distributed were used by the Nazis to frighten camp inmates ."
] | [
"It denied the existence of the Holocaust , claimed that the USA built the gas ovens of the Dachau concentration camp after the War and that films of concentration camps were faked ."
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Evidence does exist , however , which shows that research facilities had come up with a way for the large-scale making of soap from human bodies . | [
"Evidence does exist , however , which indicate the possibility that research facilities had developed a process for the industrial production of soap from human bodies ."
] | [
"They use this capability to obtain information about the progression of the day deep inside a dark beehive comparable to what is know from the position of the sun ."
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Evidence does exists of small-scale soap production , possibly experimental , in the camp at Stutthof concentration camp near Danzig\/Gdansk . | [
"Evidence does exist of small-scale soap production , possibly experimental , in the camp at Stutthof concentration camp near Danzig\\/Gdansk ."
] | [
"The Germans built four concentration camps on Alderney , subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp ( located in Hamburg , Germany ) ."
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Himmler was so worried by the rumors , and the thought of poor security at the camps , that he said that all bodies should be burnt or buried as quickly as possible . | [
"Himmler was disturbed enough by the rumors , and the implication of poor security at the camps , that he emphasized that all corpses should be cremated or buried as quickly as possible ."
] | [
"One display case , some 30 m long , is wholly filled with human hair which the Nazis gathered from people before they were sent to labor or before and after they were killed ."
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Stories that the Nazis produced soap from the bodies of concentration camp victims were widely known during the war . | [
"Rumours that the Nazis produced soap from the bodies of concentration camp inmates circulated widely during the war ."
] | [
"It denied the existence of the Holocaust , claimed that the USA built the gas ovens of the Dachau concentration camp after the War and that films of concentration camps were faked ."
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Holocaust survivor Thomas Blatt , who did research of the subject , found little evidence of mass production of soap from human fat , but said that there was evidence of experimental soap making . | [
"Holocaust survivor Thomas Blatt , who investigated the subject , found little concrete documentation and no evidence of mass production of soap from human fat , but concluded that there was evidence of experimental soap making ."
] | [
"It denied the existence of the Holocaust , claimed that the USA built the gas ovens of the Dachau concentration camp after the War and that films of concentration camps were faked ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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RIF soap was a poor quality product that contained no fat at all , human or any other kind . | [
"RIF soap was a poor quality substitute product that contained no fat at all , human or otherwise ."
] | [
"Evidence does exist , however , which indicate the possibility that research facilities had developed a process for the industrial production of soap from human bodies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description about World War II history:"
} |
Raul Hilberg reports such stories as being told in Lublin as early as October 1942 . | [
"Raul Hilberg reports such stories as circulating in Lublin as early as October 1942 ."
] | [
"The number of Jews murdered during the initial occupation of the city is estimated at approximately 10,000 people ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
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