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Dorothy gets the slippers after her house falls on the Wicked Witch of the East , killing the witch .
[ "In the film , Dorothy 's house falls on the Wicked Witch of the East , killing her and freeing the Munchkins from her tyranny ." ]
[ "While running away from the housekeeper after accidentally breaking a window , the four siblings retreat to the wardrobe and enter Narnia ." ]
SimpleWiki
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Ruby slippers are red shoes that are worn by the character Dorothy ( Judy Garland ) in the movie The Wizard of Oz .
[ "The ruby slippers are the shoes worn by Dorothy ( played by Judy Garland ) in the 1939 MGM movie The Wizard of Oz ." ]
[ "Return to Oz is a 1985 film which is the unofficial sequel to Victor Fleming 's The Wizard of Oz ." ]
SimpleWiki
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Sawbridgeworth is a small town in England . It is located in Hertfordshire .
[ "Sawbridgeworth is a small , mainly residential , town and also a civil parish in Hertfordshire , England ." ]
[ "Chipping Ongar is said to be a small market town , and a civil parish called Ongar , in the Epping Forest district of the county of Essex , England ." ]
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Margaret Hilda Thatcher , Baroness Thatcher LG , OM , PC , FRS ( born Margaret Hilda Roberts , 13 October 1925 ) was the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , a post she held from 1979 to 1990 .
[ "Margaret Hilda Thatcher , Baroness Thatcher , ( nà e Roberts ; born 13 October 1925 ) is a former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who served from 1979 to 1990 ." ]
[ "Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home , Baron Home of the Hirsel , KT , PC ( 2 July 1903 â `` 9 October 1995 ) , known as The Earl of Home from 1951 to 1963 and as Sir Alec Douglas-Home from 1963 to 1974 , was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from October 1963 to Octo...
SimpleWiki
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William Darrell `` Billy '' Mays , Jr. ( July 20 , 1958 â `` June 28 , 2009 ) , was an American television direct-response advertisement salesperson most well known for promoting OxiClean , Orange Glo , and other cleaning , home-based , and maintenance products .
[ "William Darrell `` Billy '' Mays , Jr. ( July 20 , 1958 â `` June 28 , 2009 ) was an American television direct-response advertisement salesperson most notable for promoting OxiClean , Orange Glo , and other cleaning , home-based , and maintenance products ." ]
[ "Peter Aurness ( March 18 , 1926 â `` March 14 , 2010 ) , known professionally as Peter Graves , was an American film and television actor ." ]
SimpleWiki
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Bidogno is a municipality of the district Lugano , in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .
[ "Bidogno was a municipality in the district of Lugano , in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ." ]
[ "Muralto is a municipality in the district of Locarno , in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ." ]
SimpleWiki
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At first , Malcolm X 's actions and speeches were mostly inspired by the beliefs and teachings of the Nation of Islam .
[ "From his adoption of the Nation of Islam in 1952 until he left the organization in 1964 , Malcolm X promoted the Nation 's teachings ." ]
[ "According to these two historians , his understanding of basic human rights and the way he linked them to civil liberties were extremely primitive and selective ." ]
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Before he became Malcolm X , his name was Malcolm Little .
[ "In cities around the world , Malcolm X 's birthday ( May 19 ) is commemorated as Malcolm X Day ." ]
[ "James Keenan was born in Ravenna , Ohio , on April 17 , 1964 , the only child of Judith Marie and Michael Loren Keenan ." ]
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He taught that all white people were bad .
[ "He taught that black people were the original people of the world , and that white people were a race of devils ." ]
[ "In this belief system , Jesus has always been beneath God , but higher than humans ." ]
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Jerzy Dudek ( born 23 March 1973 ) is a Polish football player . He plays for Real Madrid .
[ "Jerzy Henryk `` Jurek '' Dudek ; born 23 March 1973 in Rybnik ) is a Polish footballer who plays for Real Madrid in La Liga , as a goalkeeper ." ]
[ "Antonios Nikopolidis ( ; born 14 January 1971 in Arta ) is a Greek football player playing at the position of goalkeeper ." ]
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Shawn Hernandez ( born February 11 , 1973 in Houston , Texas ) is a American professional wrestler who is better known by the ring name , Hernandez and is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling .
[ "Shawn Hernandez ( born February 11 , 1973 ) is an American professional wrestler of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent , better known by his ring names , `` Hotstuff Hernandez '' and `` Hernandez '' ." ]
[ "Anthony Carelli ( born March 14 , 1979 ) is a Canadian professional wrestler of Italian descent best known as Santino Marella in World Wrestling Entertainment ." ]
SimpleWiki
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Nordjyllands Trafikselskab ( English : North Jutland 's Transport Company ) is a danish company who makes the routes of regional buses in Northern Jutland .
[ "Nordjyllands Trafikselskab ( English : North Jutland 's Transport Company ." ]
[ "BrÄ ila features one of the oldest electrical tram lines in Romania , inaugurated at the end of the 19th century and still in use . BrÄ ila 's bus system is operated by the town hall in cooperation with Braicar Company , with four primary bus configurations available servicing most of the city ." ]
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Central America is part of the continent known as North America .
[ "Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas . It is the southernmost , isthmian portion of the North American continent , which connects with South America on the southeast ." ]
[ "Great Britain is the largest island of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ." ]
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It was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad to replace the old Broad Street Station . It officially opened on September 28 , 1930 .
[ "It was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad to replace the original Broad Street Station and opened on September 28 , 1930 ." ]
[ "Construction of the current bridge began in 1982 , and the completed bridge was dedicated on February 7 , 1987 . The new bridge cost $ 244 million to build , and was opened to traffic on April 20 , 1987 ." ]
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Suburban Station is one of the core SEPTA Regional Rail stations in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It is part of the Center City Commuter Connection .
[ "Suburban Station is an underground commuter rail station in the Penn Center district of Center City Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ." ]
[ "The Paoli\\/Thorndale Line is a SEPTA Regional Rail line running from Center City Philadelphia to Thorndale in Chester County ." ]
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Suburban Station originally had eight tracks and four platforms , until the Center City Commuter Connection extended the tracks to the newer Market East Station . It also added another platform .
[ "Suburban Station was a stub-end terminal station with 8 tracks and 4 platforms until the Center City Commuter Connection project extended four of those tracks eastward to the new Market East Station , widened two of the existing platforms , realigned the tracks and added a fifth platform ." ]
[ "It is the easternmost of the three Center City stations on the SEPTA Regional Rail system , and is part of the Center City Commuter Connection , which connects the former Penn Central commuter lines with the former Reading Railroad commuter lines ." ]
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It is located at 16th Street and JFK Boulevard .
[ "Its official SEPTA address is 16th Street and JFK Boulevard ." ]
[ "It lies on the B2116 road 2.4 m south of Burgess Hill ." ]
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Retie is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .
[ "Retie is a municipality located in the Campine region of the Belgian province of Antwerp ." ]
[ "Malle is a municipality located in the Campine region of the Belgian province of Antwerp ." ]
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Richard Hamilton CH ( born 24 February 1922 ) is an English painter and collage artist .
[ "Richard Hamilton , CH ( born 24 February 1922 ) is an English painter and collage artist ." ]
[ "Edward Bawden , CBE , RA ( 1903 -- 1989 ) was a British painter , illustrator and graphic artist ." ]
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Belgeard is a commune of 335 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .
[ "Belgeard is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ." ]
[ "Saint-Michel-en-l ` Herm is a commune in the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ." ]
SimpleWiki
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Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff ( sometimes given as von Ludendorff ) ( April 9 , 1865 â `` December 20 , 1937 ) was a German Army officer , Generalquartiermeister during World War I , victor of Lià ge , and , with Paul von Hindenburg , one of the victors of the battle of Tannenberg .
[ "Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff ( sometimes given incorrectly as von Ludendorff ) ( 9 April 1865 â `` 20 December 1937 ) was a German military officer , victor of Lià ge , and , with Paul von Hindenburg , one of the victors of the Battle of Tannenberg ( 1914 ) ." ]
[ "Franz GÃ 1\\/4 rtner ( 26 August 1881 - 29 January 1941 ) was a German Minister of Justice in Adolf Hitler 's cabinet , responsible for coordinating jurisprudence in the Third Reich ." ]
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Publishers Weekly criticized , `` Bland illustrations depicting the contents of Annabeth 's trunk , a map of Camp Half-Blood and a short `` sneak peek '' at The Last Olympian pad the contents ( barely ) to book length ; the inclusion of a crossword puzzle and a word search makes the book difficult to share .
[ "Publishers Weekly criticized , `` Bland illustrations depicting the contents of Annabeth 's trunk , a map of Camp Half-Blood and a short `` sneak peek '' at Blaque is cool in the book The Lost Hero pad the contents ( barely ) to book length ; the inclusion of a crossword puzzle and a word search makes the book dif...
[ "Booklist 's starred review approved of the novel 's humor action , and plotting : `` The Percy Jackson & the Olympians series is built around a terrific ideaâ '' that the half-mortal offspring of Greek gods live among us , playing out struggles of mythic scaleâ '' and Riordan takes it from strength to strength wit...
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It blasts open the ants ' nest and the ants all attack the dragon .
[ "It blasts open the ants ' nest and all the ants attack the dragon ." ]
[ "Soon , most of the Charonosaurus follow to drink at the watering hole ." ]
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Percy and Charles protest to no avail .
[ "Percy and Beckendorf protest to no avail ." ]
[ "Philip broke the news to the new queen ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Before Annabeth leaves to go back to the front line to fight for her team , she asks Percy out to the Fourth of July Fireworks , but she quickly leaves before Percy can answer .
[ "Before Annabeth leaves to go back to the front line to fight for her team , she tells Percy , `` See you at the fireworks ! '' and then leaves before he can answer ." ]
[ "Luke is shocked back into his normal self when Annabeth helps him remember his promise of family to Annabeth , as he brutally smashes her across the throne room ." ]
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They bring the chariot to Ares ' Temple on the Intrepid , a battle cruiser .
[ "They bring the chariot to Ares ' Temple on the Intrepid , an aircraft carrier that has since now become a museum ." ]
[ "Hercules take he torch to Chiron 's house and asks him to step inside a circle of straw ." ]
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This is a way to decide if soil is strong enough to build a road on .
[ "The measurements determine whether the soil is strong enough to build a road on ." ]
[ "Since water does not usually go up to the surface of the sand , the sand on top appears solid and can support leaves and other small debris , making quicksand difficult to distinguish from the surrounding environment ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
There are many different types of penetrometer .
[ "There are many types of penetrometer ." ]
[ "There are a number of different types of solitaire games ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
A Penetrometer is a device to test the strength of soil .
[ "A penetrometer is a device to test the strength of a material such as soil ." ]
[ "Water circulation underground can focus in an area with the optimal mixture of fine sands and other materials such as clay ." ]
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The penetrometer is dropped on soil or it is pressed against soil to measure how deep a hole it makes .
[ "The penetrometer is dropped on the test subject or pressed against it and the depth of the resulting hole is measured ." ]
[ "After an initial disturbance -- such as a person attempting to walk on it -- the water and sand in the quicksand separate and dense regions of sand sediment form ; it is because of the formation of these high volume fraction regions that the viscosity of the quicksand seems to increase suddenly ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
Scientists can use a penetrometer to measure how much moisture is in soil .
[ "Scientists also use a penetrometer to measure how much moisture is in soil ." ]
[ "Since water does not usually go up to the surface of the sand , the sand on top appears solid and can support leaves and other small debris , making quicksand difficult to distinguish from the surrounding environment ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Mattoon is a city of Illinois in the United States .
[ "Mattoon is a city in Coles County , Illinois , United States ." ]
[ "Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ." ]
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During this time he named the three Alligator Rivers after the large numbers of crocodiles , which he thought were alligators .
[ "During this time he named the three Alligator Rivers after the large numbers of crocodiles , which he mistook for alligators ." ]
[ "Both Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson and Peter Pan by James Matthew Barrie are rooted in part on accounts of the island and its native and pirate inhabitants , as well as long dugout canoes ( which were often used by pirates as well as indigenous peoples ) and the American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus )...
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Being cold blooded , these animals need heat from an external source such as the sun to control their body temperature .
[ "Being cold blooded , these animals rely on heat from an external source such as the sun to regulate their body temperature ." ]
[ "After eating up to 80 percent of its body weight in one meal , it drags itself to a sunny location to speed digestion , as the food could rot and poison the dragon if left undigested for too long ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Because of the extreme weather conditions experienced in the Park , many animals are active only at particular times of the day or night or at particular times of the year .
[ "Responding to the extreme weather conditions experienced in the Park , many animals are active only at particular times of the day or night or at particular times of the year ." ]
[ "Summer annuals sprout , flower , produce seed , and die during the warmer months of the year ." ]
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Minerals were found in the Top End during the building of the Overland Telegraph line between 1870 and 1872 , in the Pine Creek â `` Adelaide River area .
[ "The first mineral discoveries in the Top End were associated with the construction of the Overland Telegraph line between 1870 and 1872 , in the Pine Creek â `` Adelaide River area ." ]
[ "A sawmill at Nourlangie Camp was begun by Chinese operators , probably before World War I , to mill stands of cypress pine in the area ." ]
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These include hand stencils , dynamic figures in large head-dresses carrying spears and boomerangs , Namandi spirits and mythical figures , including Alkajko , a female spirit with four arms and horns .
[ "These include hand stencils , dynamic figures in large head-dresses carrying spears and boomerangs , representations of Namandi spirits and mythical figures , including Alkajko , a female spirit with four arms and horn-like protuberances ." ]
[ "A clear rock painting in Ginga Wardelirrhmeng , on the northern edge of the Arnhem Land plateau , from the freshwater period shows a didgeridoo player and two songmen participating in an Ubarr Ceremony ." ]
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There is no evidence that the Macassans spent time on the coast of Kakadu . There is evidence of some contact between Macassan culture and Aboriginal people of the Kakadu area .
[ "There is no evidence that the Macassans spent time on the coast of Kakadu but there is evidence of some contact between Macassan culture and Aboriginal people of the Kakadu area ." ]
[ "Missionaries also had a big influence on the Aboriginal people of the Alligator Rivers region , many of whom lived and were schooled at missions in their youth ." ]
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The building of the North Australia Railway line helped the mining camps , and places such as Burrundie and Pine Creek became permanent settlements .
[ "The construction of the North Australia Railway line gave more permanency to the mining camps , and places such as Burrundie and Pine Creek became permanent settlements ." ]
[ "Until that time the area was called Lambing Flat , a reference to the grazing of sheep that was the main industry until mining ." ]
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The larger mammals are Dingos , Antilopine Kangaroos , Black Wallaroos , Agile Wallabys , and Short-eared Rock Wallabys .
[ "Among the larger more common species are Dingos , Antilopine Kangaroos , Black Wallaroos , Agile Wallabys , and Short-eared Rock Wallabys ." ]
[ "The Gunnedah area is noted for its abundance of native wildlife , including kangaroos , echidnas and koalas ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
They wanted to secure the north of Australia before the French or Dutch , who had colonised islands further north .
[ "They were anxious to secure the north of Australia before the French or Dutch , who had colonised islands further north ." ]
[ "During the 17th century , both Dutch and British pirates attempted to take control of what is today Sancti Spà ritus province , but with little success , as the Spanish garrison held them off ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence about History:" }
Monsoon forests often develop in the cool moist gorges found in the stone country .
[ "Monsoon forests often develop in the cool moist gorges dissecting the stone country ." ]
[ "Alpine newts typically inhabit forests with good access to water in hilly to mountainous regions ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
In 1987 both stations were taken back by the Commonwealth and added to Kakadu National Park .
[ "In 1987 both stations were acquired by the Commonwealth and incorporated in Kakadu National Park ." ]
[ "Both names became defunct in 2007 when they were merged into The National Museum of Scotland ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
The area called â the Stone Countryâ has â resurrection grassesâ that are able to survive extreme heat , and dry conditions followed by periods of heavy rain .
[ "The environment referred to as â the Stone Countryâ features â resurrection grassesâ that are able to cope with extreme heat and long dry spells followed by periods of torrential rain ." ]
[ "Low precipitation , by the standards of more temperate regions with longer and warmer winters , is typically sufficient in view of the very low evapotranspiration to allow a water-logged terrain in many areas of subarctic climate and to permit snow cover during winter ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
Nanguluwur , a small art site near Nourlangie , has several rock art styles .
[ "Nanguluwur is a small art site , near Nourlangie , which displays several rock art styles ." ]
[ "A total of 21 archaeological sites have been discovered , three of which ( on the island 's northwest side ) are larger than the others ." ]
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Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia , 171 km southeast of Darwin . It is the second largest national park in the world .
[ "Kakadu National Park is located within the Alligator Rivers Region of the Northern Territory of Australia ." ]
[ "Snowy River is a national park in Victoria ( Australia ) , 323 km east of Melbourne ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
The floodplains , which are flooded for several months each year , feature sedges such as spike rush as well patches of freshwater mangroves ( itchy tree ) , pandanus and paper bark trees ( Melaleuca ) .
[ "The floodplains , which are inundated for several months each year , feature sedges such as spike rush as well patches of freshwater mangroves ( itchy tree ) , pandanus and paper bark trees ( Melaleuca ) ." ]
[ "The Soldier may be found in a variety of open , subtropical habitats such as citrus groves , weedy water edges where host plants occur , dry fields , etc. and in New Mexico ." ]
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In 1953 uranium was discovered in the the South Alligator River valley .
[ "In 1953 uranium was discovered along the headwaters of the South Alligator River valley ." ]
[ "The Ranger Uranium Mine , one of the most productive Uranium mines in the world , is contained within the park ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Certainly , some Aboriginals worked at the settlements .
[ "Certainly , some Aboriginal labor was used at the settlements ." ]
[ "The state , or even the general location of the town , is unclear ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the text:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Aboriginal people became less involved in commercial hunting of crocodiles once night spotlight shooting started .
[ "Aboriginal people became less involved in commercial hunting of crocodiles once the technique of spotlight shooting at night developed ." ]
[ "By the 1880s the number of buffaloes released from early settlements had increased to such an extent that commercial harvesting of hides and horns was economically viable ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
They came to harvest trepang ( sea cucumber ) , turtle shell , pearls and other prized items to trade in their homeland .
[ "Their main aim was to harvest trepang ( sea cucumber ) , turtle shell , pearls and other prized items to trade in their homeland ." ]
[ "The vegetation of the small and narrow islands , encompassed by the sea , is very luxuriant ; including rainforests , sago , rice and the famous spices - nutmeg , cloves and mace , among others ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the text:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
The British settlements all failed for a variety of reasons , such as lack of water and fresh food , sickness and isolation .
[ "The British settlements were all subsequently abandoned for a variety of reasons , such as lack of water and fresh food , sickness and isolation ." ]
[ "The increasing push of settlement , increased police efficiency , improvements in rail transport and communications technology , such as telegraphy , made it increasingly difficult for bushrangers to evade capture ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
Kakaduâ s dramatic landscape , Aboriginal cultural significance and diverse and abundant wildlife are what visitors come to see .
[ "Kakaduâ s dramatic landscape , Aboriginal cultural significance and diverse and abundant wildlife are what visitors are drawn to ." ]
[ "Anbangbang Billabong lies in the shadow of Nourlangie Rock and is inhabited by a wide range of wildlife which would have sustained traditional Aboriginal people well ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
The Ranger Uranium Environmental Inquiry ( known as the Fox inquiry ) recommended that mining begin at the Ranger site . It also said that Jabiluka and Koongarra sites should be developed , and that a town be built to support the mines .
[ "The Ranger Uranium Environmental Inquiry ( known as the Fox inquiry ) recommended , among other things , that mining begin at the Ranger site , that consideration be given to the future development of the Jabiluka and Koongarra sites , and that a service town be built ( Fox et al . 1976 , 1977 ) ." ]
[ "If the SEC did decide to construct a nuclear power station , it would have continued to construct brown coal power stations as well for some considerable time ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Many remain dormant during dry times .
[ "Many remain dormant during rainless times ." ]
[ "It also thrives over the summertime in the central and northern United States , but dies out when temperatures reach freezing point . It will grow back the next year if allowed to go to seed ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
The land claim was partly successful . In 1986 , three areas in the eastern part of Stage Two were given to the Jabiluka Aboriginal Land Trust .
[ "The land claim was partly successful and , in 1986 , three areas in the eastern part of Stage Two were granted to the Jabiluka Aboriginal Land Trust ." ]
[ "The progressive declaration was due to the debate over whether mining should be allowed at Guratba ( Coronation Hill ) which is located in the middle of the area referred to as Sickness Country ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Chasms and gorges form a network that cut through the rocky platforms on the plateau .
[ "Chasms and gorges form a network that dissects the rocky platforms on the plateau ." ]
[ "The mountain ranges in the central area are very deep , some of which are considered the deepest valleys in Europe ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Fire is part of the landscape of Kakadu National Park . The Park has large areas of woodland and grassy plains that are subject to long periods of dry hot weather .
[ "Fire is part of the landscape of Kakadu National Park as the Park contains large areas of woodland and grassy plains that are subject to long periods of dry hot weather ." ]
[ "Fire-stick farming is a term coined by Australian archaeologist Rhys Jones in 1969 to describe the practice of Indigenous Australians where fire was used regularly to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area ." ]
SimpleWiki
{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
The lowland plains stretch over much of the Top End and they make up nearly 70 % of the Park .
[ "The gently undulating lowland plains stretch over much of the Top End . Travelling anywhere in Kakadu , you can not help noticing the lowlandsâ '' they make up nearly 70 % of the Park ." ]
[ "From here the river meanders for approximately 600 km to the western edge of the Simpson Desert in northern South Australia ." ]
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{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Kapalga Native Industrial Mission was started near the South Alligator River in 1899 , but lasted only four years .
[ "Kapalga Native Industrial Mission was established near the South Alligator River in 1899 , but lasted only four years ." ]
[ "Missionaries also had a big influence on the Aboriginal people of the Alligator Rivers region , many of whom lived and were schooled at missions in their youth ." ]
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A number of short mining booms followed .
[ "A series of short mining booms followed ." ]
[ "Many large hearths also appear ." ]
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Two species of crocodile live in Kakadu : the Freshwater Crocodile ( Crocodylus johnstonii ) and the Estuarine , or Saltwater Crocodile ( C. porosus ) .
[ "Two species of crocodile occur in Kakadu : the Freshwater Crocodile ( Crocodylus johnstonii ) and the Estuarine , or Saltwater Crocodile ( C. porosus ) ." ]
[ "Gavialidae consists of only one surviving species , the gharial ( Gavialis gangeticus ) , which is native to India ." ]
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The Australian Government began an inquiry into land use in the Alligator Rivers region .
[ "Following receipt of a formal proposal to develop the Ranger site , the Commonwealth Government initiated an inquiry into land use in the Alligator Rivers region ." ]
[ "In 1987 , a land claim was lodged for the land in the former Goodparla and Gimbat pastoral that that were to be included in Stage Three of Kakadu ." ]
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This is an international list of places that are have outstanding cultural or natural values of international significance .
[ "This is an international register of properties that are recognized as having outstanding cultural or natural values of international significance ." ]
[ "However all these names are often used informally in different countries & local government is the legal part of central government ." ]
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As the water builds up , frogs and tadpoles have plenty of food , such as algae , vegetation , insects , dragonfly nymphs , and other tadpoles .
[ "As the water builds up , frogs and tadpoles have an abundance of food , such as algae , vegetation , insects , dragonfly nymphs , and other tadpoles ." ]
[ "The tentacle-covered leaves can capture large prey , such as beetles , moths , and butterflies ." ]
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Anbangbang Billabong lies in the shadow of Nourlangie Rock and is home to a wide range of wildlife which would have sustained traditional Aboriginal people well .
[ "Anbangbang Billabong lies in the shadow of Nourlangie Rock and is inhabited by a wide range of wildlife which would have sustained traditional Aboriginal people well ." ]
[ "The diverse environments of Kakadu National Park support an astonishing array of animals , a number of which have adapted to particular habitats ." ]
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Currently the escarpment rises 330 metres above the plateau and stretches 500 kilometres along the East edge of the park and on into Arnhem Land .
[ "Currently the escarpment rises 330 metres above the plateau and extends approximately 500 kilometres along the East edge of the park and on into Arnhem Land ." ]
[ "The Monaro region is a plateau area lying about 1000 metres above sea level , extending from the valley of the Murrumbidgee River in the north to the Errinundra Plateau in the south , and dropping rather sharply to the coast on its eastern side ." ]
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During the dry season ( from April\/May to September ) , there are dry southerly and easterly trade winds .
[ "During the dry season ( from April\\/May to September ) , dry southerly and easterly trade winds predominate ." ]
[ "At times , ships are unable to dock because of strong northwestern winds in winter ." ]
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Allosyncarpia ternata , a large shady tree found only in the Kakadu and Arnhem Land , is the main plant species .
[ "Allosyncarpia ternata , a large shady tree found only in the Kakadu and Arnhem Land , is the dominant plant species ." ]
[ "North-east Cape York Peninsula supports Australiaâ s largest areas of this highly diverse ecosystem ." ]
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However , ` build up ' storms are impressive and with many lightning strikes .
[ "However , ` build up ' storms are impressive and lightning strikes are frequent ." ]
[ "Subsequently , 13 more field discoveries were found ." ]
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The need to create the park in stages was due to the debate over whether mining should be allowed at Guratba ( Coronation Hill ) which is located in the middle of the area referred to as Sickness Country .
[ "The progressive declaration was due to the debate over whether mining should be allowed at Guratba ( Coronation Hill ) which is located in the middle of the area referred to as Sickness Country ." ]
[ "Some of the relatively undisturbed natural features near the mouth of the river have been reserved as a Queensland National Park , the Endeavour River National Park ." ]
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Ludwig Leichhardt was the first land-based European explorer to visit the Kakadu region , in 1845 on his way from Moreton Bay in Queensland to Port Essington in the Northern Territory .
[ "Ludwig Leichhardt was the first land-based European explorer to visit the Kakadu region , in 1845 on his route from Moreton Bay in Queensland to Port Essington in the Northern Territory ." ]
[ "Burke and Wills also went through the area in 1861 on the journey north towards the Gulf of Carpentaria ." ]
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The climate is monsoonal , with two main seasons : the dry season and the rain season .
[ "The climate is monsoonal , characterised by two main seasons : the dry season and the rain season ." ]
[ "The eastern coastal belt is warm and comparatively dry , the southwest corner is hot and humid , and the north is hot and dry ." ]
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By copying a wallabyâ s tail hitting the ground , Aboriginal hunters could attract crocodiles , making it easier to shoot the animals .
[ "By imitating a wallabyâ s tail hitting the ground , Aboriginal hunters could attract crocodiles , making it easier to shoot the animals ." ]
[ "Their aforementioned bioluminescent `` fireworks '' are combined with the writhing of glowing arms , erratic movements and escape trajectories , making it difficult for a predator to home in ." ]
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The buffalo hunting industry became an important employer of Aboriginal people during the dry-season months .
[ "The buffalo-hunting industry became an important employer of Aboriginal people during the dry-season months ." ]
[ "The first known contact between Europeans and Aborigines occurred on the west coast of the peninsula in 1606 but it was not settled by Europeans until the 19th century when fishing communities , then ranches and later mining towns were established ." ]
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The soils are shallow and often are above large sheets of laterite ( ironstone ) and a thick profile of strongly leached rocks .
[ "The soils are shallow and often overlie extensive sheets of laterite ( ironstone ) and a thick profile of strongly leached rocks ." ]
[ "Mixed or deciduous forests leave a larger layer of humus , changing the elements leeched and accumulated in the soil , forming alfisols ." ]
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There are a number of shelters in this large outcrop linked by paths and stairways .
[ "There are a number of shelters in amongst this large outcrop linked by paths and stairways ." ]
[ "It is the largest harbor on the south side of the island and is surrounded by steep hills creating an enclave cut off from its immediate hinterland ." ]
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There are more than 5000 recorded art sites showing Aboriginal culture over thousands of years .
[ "There are more than 5000 recorded art sites illustrating Aboriginal culture over thousands of years ." ]
[ "The islands of the Torres Strait have been inhabited for at least 2,500 years and possibly much longer ." ]
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Like many World Heritage sites around the world , including Yellowstone National Park , Serengeti National Park , Stonehenge , Pompeii and Herculaneum and the Pyramids of Giza - a park use fee will help maintain world-best management practices and facilities for the more than 200,000 visitors who experience Kakadu each year .
[ "Like many World Heritage sites around the world , including Yellowstone National Park , Serengeti National Park , Stonehenge , Pompeii and Herculaneum and the Pyramids of Egypt - a park use fee will help maintain world-best management practices and facilities for the more than 200,000 visitors who experience Kakad...
[ "These are popular tourist destinations , with three-tenths of tourists visiting at least one national park during their stay in New Zealand ." ]
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Using paperbark rafts , they would track the movement of a wounded crocodile and get the carcass for skinning .
[ "Using paperbark rafts , they would track the movement of a wounded crocodile and retrieve the carcass for skinning ." ]
[ "The band builds windbreaks to help them descend more often from the trees , thus exposing them to a higher risk of being attacked by predators on the ground ." ]
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The Aboriginal traditional owners of the Park are descendants of various clan groups from the Kakadu area .
[ "The Aboriginal traditional owners of the Park are descendants of various clan groups from the Kakadu area and have longstanding affiliations with this country ." ]
[ "Prior to European settlement the Grenfell area was home to the Wiradjuri Aborigines ." ]
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Most of Kakadu was under a shallow sea about 140 million years ago , with the escarpment wall formed from sea cliffs and Arnhem Land from a flat plateau above the sea .
[ "Most of Kakadu was under a shallow sea approximately 140 million years ago , with the escarpment wall formed from sea cliffs and Arnhem Land from a flat plateau above the sea ." ]
[ "The lake system formed over underlying river deltas and shifted in the flat landscape with slight tectonic movements , receiving sediments from the Uinta highland and the Rocky Mountains to the east and north ." ]
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The shelters contain several impressive paintings that deal with the Dreamtime .
[ "The shelters contain several impressive paintings that deal with creation ancestors ." ]
[ "These claims are also reflected in the variety of names used for the islands and the sea ." ]
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The art sites of Ubirr , Nourlangie Rock and Nanguluwur are world famous as examples of Aboriginal rock art .
[ "The art sites of Ubirr , Burrunguy ( Nourlangie Rock ) and Nanguluwur are internationally recognized as outstanding examples of Aboriginal rock art ." ]
[ "The Aboriginal traditional owners of the Park are descendants of various clan groups from the Kakadu area and have longstanding affiliations with this country ." ]
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Kakadu is also said to be one of the most weed free national parks in the world .
[ "Kakadu is also considered to be one of the most weed free national parks in the world ." ]
[ "The Sunshine Coast region is home to more individual national parks than any other region in Queensland ." ]
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Most of the rain is is caused by monsoonal troughs formed over Southeast Asia . Sometimes tropical cyclones cause very heavy rain over small areas .
[ "Most of the rain is associated with monsoonal troughs formed over Southeast Asia , although occasionally tropical cyclones produce intense heavy rain over localized areas ." ]
[ "Since it is close to the South Pacific High and outside the range of the ITCZ , cyclones and hurricanes do not occur around Easter island ." ]
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Nourlangie Camp was again the site of a sawmill in the 1950s , until the cypress pines were cleared .
[ "Nourlangie Camp was again the site of a sawmill in the 1950s , until the local stands of cypress pine were exhausted ." ]
[ "Auckland Point was where coal exporting began in 1925 and later live horse exports occurred in the mid 1930s ." ]
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Estuaries and tidal flats are populated with varieties of mangroves , in fact 39 of the 47 Northern Territory species of mangrove are found in Kakadu .
[ "Estuaries and tidal flats are populated with varieties of mangroves ( 39 of the 47 Northern Territory species of mangrove occur in Kakadu ) that are important for stabilising the coastline ." ]
[ "The Cape harbors an extraordinary biodiversity , with more than 700 vertebrate land animal species of which 40 are endemic ." ]
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The rain season ( January to March\/April ) has warm temperatures and rain .
[ "The rain season ( January to March\\/April ) is characterised by warm temperatures and , as one would expect , rain ." ]
[ "The delta experiences its hottest temperatures in July and August , averaging 30 Â C , with a maximum of around 48 Â C. Winter temperatures are normally in the range of 10 Â to 19 Â C. With cooler temperatures and some rain , the Nile Delta region becomes quite humid during the winter months ." ]
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There was a sawmill at Nourlangie Camp , begun by Chinese workers , probably before World War I , to cut stands of cypress pine in the area .
[ "A sawmill at Nourlangie Camp was begun by Chinese operators , probably before World War I , to mill stands of cypress pine in the area ." ]
[ "Near the East Alligator River crossing , a figure was painted of a man carrying a gun and wearing his hair in long pigtails down his back ; the latter identified him historically as a Chinese labourer brought to Darwin in the late 19th century ." ]
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There are several places to stay in the Park , mostly found in the town of Jabiru , as well as a range of services to cater to visitorâ s needs .
[ "There are several accommodation options in the Park , mostly found in the town of Jabiru , as well as a range of services to cater to visitorâ s needs ." ]
[ "The Peninsula is a popular tourist destination in the Dry Season for camping , hiking , birdwatching and fishing enthusiasts ." ]
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The $ 25 fee will apply to all interstate and international visitors aged 16 years and over .
[ "The $ 25 fee ( which is inclusive of GST ) will apply to all interstate and international visitors aged 16 years and over ." ]
[ "All bus fees are $ 2.50 for a trip 5 m and under , $ 3.00 for a trip 5 to 10 m , and $ 3.75 for a trip over 10 m. ( EC dollars ." ]
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About half of the land in Kakadu is aboriginal land under the Aboriginal Land Rights ( Northern Territory ) Act 1976 . Most of the remaining land is currently under claim by Aboriginal people .
[ "Approximately half of the land in Kakadu is aboriginal land under the Aboriginal Land Rights ( Northern Territory ) Act 1976 and most of the remaining land is currently under claim by Aboriginal people ." ]
[ "Melville Island is shared by the Northwest Territories , which is responsible for the western half of the island , and Nunavut , which is responsible for the eastern half ." ]
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Animals shown in the main gallery include barramundi , catfish , mullet , goanna , snake-necked turtle , pig-nosed turtle , Rock-haunting Ringtail Possum , and wallaby and thylacine ( Tasmanian Tiger ) .
[ "Animals depicted in the main gallery include barramundi , catfish , mullet , goanna , snake-necked turtle , pig-nosed turtle , Rock-haunting Ringtail Possum , and wallaby and thylacine ( Tasmanian Tiger ) ." ]
[ "The Nabarlek ( Petrogale concinna ) , also known as the Pygmy Rock-wallaby or the Little Rock-wallaby , is a very small species of macropod found in northern Australia ." ]
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He followed Jim Jim Creek down from the Arnhem Land escarpment , then went down the South Alligator before crossing to the East Alligator and going north .
[ "He followed Jim Jim Creek down from the Arnhem Land escarpment , then went down the South Alligator before crossing to the East Alligator and proceeding north ." ]
[ "The main target species is Barramundi and the most popular locations are Yellow Water , the South Alligator and the East Alligator River ." ]
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Abel Tasman was the next explorer to visit in 1644 .
[ "Abel Tasman is the next documented explorer to visit this part of the coast in 1644 ." ]
[ "Dirk Hartog 's expedition was the second European group to land on Australian soil ." ]
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Pastoral leases in the Kakadu area were progressively given up from 1889 , because the Victoria River and the Barkly Tablelands were better pastoral regions .
[ "Pastoral leases in the Kakadu area were progressively abandoned from 1889 , because the Victoria River and the Barkly Tablelands proved to be better pastoral regions ." ]
[ "The construction of the North Australia Railway line gave more permanency to the mining camps , and places such as Burrundie and Pine Creek became permanent settlements ." ]
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The cultural and natural values of Kakadu National Park were recognized internationally when the Park was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
[ "The cultural and natural values of Kakadu National Park were recognized internationally when the Park was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List ." ]
[ "In 1997 about 70 per cent of the island was declared the French Island National Park , and is listed in the register of the National Estate ." ]
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Because it is close to the East Alligator River and Nadab floodplains , it means that there would have been plenty of food . This is shown in much of the rock art here .
[ "Ubirrâ s proximity to the East Alligator River and Nadab floodplains means that food would have been abundant and this is reflected in much of the rock art here ." ]
[ "Swampy habitats like shallow wetlands , coastal lagoons and large brackish river deltas also existed at this time , and there is much to suggest that this is the kind of environment in which the tetrapods evolved ." ]
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The first non-Aboriginal people to visit and have long term contact with Aboriginal people in northern Australia were the Macassans from Sulawesi and other parts of Indonesia .
[ "The first non-Aboriginal people to visit and have sustained contact with Aboriginal people in northern Australia were the Macassans from Sulawesi and other parts of the Indonesian archipelago ." ]
[ "From 1854 to 1862 , age 31 to 39 , Wallace traveled through the Malay Archipelago or East Indies ( now Malaysia and Indonesia ) , to collect specimens for sale and to study nature ." ]
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