query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
The Sea eagle is a kind of eagle that is a bird of prey . Also called a erne or ern . | [
"A sea eagle ( also called erne or ern , mostly in reference to the White-tailed Eagle ) is any of the birds of prey in the genus Haliaeetus in the bird of prey family Accipitridae ."
] | [
"The TakahÄ `` or South Island TakahÄ `` , Porphyrio hochstetteri is a flightless bird indigenous to New Zealand and belonging to the rail family ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Augustus ( Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus , 23 September 63 BC â `` 19 August AD 14 ) was the first and one of the most important Roman Emperors . | [
"Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus ( 23 September 63 BC â `` 19 August AD 14 ) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire , which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14 ."
] | [
"The city was left very skeptical when Vitellius chose the anniversary of the Battle of the Allia ( in 390 BC ) , a day of bad auspices according to Roman superstition , to accede to the office of Pontifex Maximus ."
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Shift work is a working practice which is designed to use all 24 hours of a day , and not only the standard working day hours . | [
"where a firefighter will work 24 hours on , 24 off , 24 on , 24 off , 24 on , 96 hours ( 4 days ) off ."
] | [
"Some societies display a fragmented sleep pattern in which people sleep at all times of the day and night for shorter periods ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A study by Knutsson et al in 1986 showed that people who work shift work for more than 15 years , are 3 times more likely to develop ischaemic heart diseases . | [
"A study by Knutsson et al . in 1986 found that shift workers who had worked in that method for 15 years or more were 300 % more likely to develop ischemic heart disease ."
] | [
"In 2003 , an Australian research team led by Graham Giles of The Cancer Council Australia found that males masturbating frequently had a lower probability to develop prostate cancer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The `` first shift '' is in the morning , the `` second shift '' is in the afternoon and evening and the `` third shift '' is overnight . | [
"Generally , `` first shift '' refers to the day shift , with `` second shift '' running from late afternoon to midnight or so , and `` third shift '' being the night shift ."
] | [
"Nor ` easter s form along the East Coast of the United States , usually in the months between October and April , although nor ` easter s can form any time of the year ."
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Delaware City is a city of Delaware in the United States . It is in New Castle County in the north part of the state . | [
"Delaware City is a city in New Castle County , Delaware , United States ."
] | [
"Mount Vernon ( Mt. Vernon ) is a city located near the center of Jefferson County , Illinois , in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Twenty separate islands and atolls are part of the state of Hawaii . | [
"Twenty ( 20 ) separate islands and atolls comprise the State of Hawaii ."
] | [
"Jarvis is one of the southern Line Islands and for statistical purposes is also grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ventforet Kofu is a football club which plays in Japan . | [
"Ventforet Kofu are a Japanese football ( soccer ) club from Kofu ."
] | [
"Mito HollyHock is a Japanese professional football ( soccer ) club , currently playing in the J. League Division 2 ."
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Wettingen is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland . | [
"Wettingen ( Swiss German : Wettigà ) is a residential community in the district of Baden in the Swiss canton of Aargau . With a population of 19,000 , Wettingen is the largest municipality in the canton ."
] | [
"Fislisbach is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland ."
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Daytona Beach is a city of Florida in the United States . | [
"Daytona Beach is a principal city of the Deltona â `` Daytona Beach â `` Ormond Beach , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area , which the census bureau estimated had a 2006 population of 496,575 . Daytona Beach is a principal city in the Fun Coast region of the state of Florida ."
] | [
"Fellsmere is a city in Indian River County , Florida , United States ."
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jpg thumb ( 800x533 ) px right Joanna Newsom ) ) Joanna Newsom is an indie singer and a harpist . She was born in Nevada City , California in 1982 . | [
"Joanna Newsom ( born January 18 , 1982 ) is an American harpist , pianist and singer-songwriter from Nevada City , California ."
] | [
"Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch Landau ( born July 2 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist ."
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Ashland is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Ashland is the second largest city within the MSA , after Huntington . Ashland serves as an important economic and medical center for northeast Kentucky ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
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The Super Bowl Most Valuable Player or Super Bowl MVP , is an award given at the end of the Super Bowl , the National Football League 's championship game , to the player who was the best in the game . | [
"The Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award , or Super Bowl MVP , is an award presented annually to the most valuable player of the Super Bowl , the National Football League 's ( NFL ) championship game ."
] | [
"The Hart Memorial Trophy , originally known as the Hart Trophy , the `` oldest and most prestigious individual award in hockey '' , is awarded annually to the `` player adjudged most valuable to his team '' in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) ."
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Mauro Silva ( born 12 January 1968 ) is a former Brazilian football player . | [
"Mauro da Silva Gomes ( born January 12 , 1968 in SÃ # o Bernardo do Campo , SÃ # o Paulo ) , simply Silva , is a retired Brazilian footballer , who played as a defensive midfielder ."
] | [
"Valdney Freitas da Matta ( born April 20 , 1971 ) is a former Brazilian football player ."
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Henry `` Hank , Red '' Bassen ( December 6 , 1932 - May 29 , 2009 ) was a retired professional Canadian ice hockey goaltender that spent most of his NHL career as a back-up goalie playing for the Chicago Black Hawks , Pittsburgh Penguins and Detroit Red Wings . | [
"Henry `` Hank , Red '' Bassen ( December 6 , 1932 - May 29 , 2009 ) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender . Bassen served as a back-up goaltender in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks , Detroit Red Wings and Pittsburgh Penguins ."
] | [
"John Stanley Miszuk ( born September 29 , 1940 ) ) is a retired American professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the Detroit Red Wings , Chicago Black Hawks , Philadelphia Flyers and Minnesota North Stars ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ocourt is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy of the canton of Jura in Switzerland . | [
"Ocourt is a village and former municipality in the district of Porrentruy of the canton of Jura in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Bure is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland ."
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Texas Tech has 15 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference . | [
"After being rejected eight times over a period of more than twenty years , Texas Tech was admitted to the Southwest Conference on May 12 , 1956 . When the Southwest Conference disbanded in 1995 , Texas Tech , along with the University of Texas at Austin , Texas A&M University , and Baylor University , merged with ... | [
"SJSU sports teams compete in the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) at the NCAA Division I level ."
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Texas Tech 's men athletics teams are called the Red Raiders and the women 's athletic teams are called the Lady Raiders . | [
"Texas Tech 's athletic teams are known as the Red Raiders with the exception of the women 's basketball team , which is known as the Lady Raiders ."
] | [
"As of 2010 , current head coaches from the baseball , womenâ s golf , womenâ s gymnastics , men 's soccer , and women 's soccer programs had all received conference â Coach of the Yearâ honors ."
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Texas Tech University is a public university in Lubbock , Texas . | [
"Texas Tech University , often referred to as Texas Tech or TTU , is a public , coeducational , research university in Lubbock , Texas , United States ."
] | [
"The University of South Carolina Upstate is a public university located in Spartanburg , South Carolina ."
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The name Luis was retired in the spring of 1996 . | [
"Due to the severe damage and loss of life caused by Luis in the Lesser Antilles , the name was retired in the spring of 1996 , and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane ."
] | [
"That change took place on December 31 , 1952 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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When Tropical Depression Thirteen became Tropical Luis on August 29 , it marked the earliest date of a seasons 12th named storm . | [
"When Tropical Depression Thirteen strengthened into Tropical Storm Luis on August 29 , it marked the earliest date that a seasons ' twelfth named storm formed , surpassing the previous record set on August 31 , 1933 when Tropical Storm Twelve formed near the Lesser Antilles . Luis spent a week as a major hurricane... | [
"Alberto traveled generally northeast on an erratic course , and briefly intensified to a Category 1 hurricane , one of the earliest hurricanes of June , and the earliest date for a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean since Hurricane Alma in May 1970 ."
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On September 11 when Luis caused that 98 foot wave it was the highest wave recorded from an Atlantic hurricane . Until 2004 , when Hurricane Ivan may have caused a wave up to 130 feet . | [
"This wave is the largest wave ever recorded ; however , Hurricane Ivan in 2004 may have produced a wave up to 40 m high off the coast of Mexico ."
] | [
"Ginny was unusual as it is one of the latest hurricanes on record to make landfall near New England , and was reported to have produced 18 in ( 457.2 mm ) of snow over Maine ."
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Luis made landfall in eastern Newfoundland on September 11 while a category 1 . | [
"As a category 1 hurricane , Luis made landfall on Newfoundland before it ultimately became extratropical on September 11 ."
] | [
"Marilyn struck the Lesser Antilles on September 14 at Category 1 strength , and intensified to nearly Category 3 strength by the time it reached the U.S. Virgin Islands ."
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Hurricane Luis was one of the most powerful storms of the very active 1995 Atlantic hurricane season . | [
"Hurricane Luis was a large , intense and a long-lived Cape Verde-type hurricane as well as one of the most notable storms of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season ."
] | [
"Tropical Depression Ten was the tenth tropical cyclone of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season ."
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Luis was the first name retired since Andrew in 1992 . | [
"Luis was the first L name to be retired since 1954 , and was the first Atlantic hurricane name to be retired in three years since Hurricane Andrew in 1992 ."
] | [
"This is the same list used in the 2001 season except for Andrea , Ingrid , and Melissa , which replaced Allison , Iris , and Michelle , respectively and were first used in 2007 ."
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It reached hurricane status on August 30 and reach category 4 strength on September 2 . The next day Luis reached it 's highest winds of 140 mph making it a Category 4 . | [
"Later that day , the storm reached hurricane status ; shortly thereafter , it rapidly strengthening into a 140 mph ( 220 km\\/h ) category 4 hurricane ."
] | [
"Marilyn continued moving , making landfall in the U.S. Virgin Islands on September 15 , packing winds of 110 m , Category 2-strength . The eyewall , east-southeast of the center of Marilyn , passed over Saint Thomas ."
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Luis is now only one of two L names to get retired , the other was Lili in 2002 . | [
"Luis was also one of three retired hurricane name starting with L , the others were Lenny in 1999 and Lili in 2002 ."
] | [
"No names were retired , so it was used again in the 1992 season . This is the same list used for the 1980 season except for Andrew , which replaced Allen ."
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`` It Was a Good Day '' is a 1993 single by American rapper Ice Cube . It was released from the album The Predator . | [
"`` It Was a Good Day '' is a 1993 hit single by American gangsta rapper Ice Cube from his third solo album , The Predator ."
] | [
"`` Cop Killer '' is a 1992 song by American band Body Count , from its 1992 self-titled debut album ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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`` It Was a Good Day '' peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot R&B \/ Hip-Hop Songs and number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 . | [
"It is the second single from the album and it peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot R&B \\/ Hip-Hop Songs chart ."
] | [
"`` Pon de Replay '' was also a major dance hit topping both the Hot Dance Club Play and the Hot Dance Airplay chart for two weeks ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday , in accordance with the Gregorian calendar . It was the last year of the 16th century . | [
"Year 1600 ( MDC ) was a leap year starting on Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) and a century leap year of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar ."
] | [
"The 22nd century is a century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar . It is the upcoming century , beginning on January 1 , 2101 and ending on December 31 , 2200 ."
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Dewey County is a A county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . | [
"Dewey County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma ."
] | [
"Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida ."
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Gary Stevens ( born 27 March 1963 ) is a former English football player . He has played for England national team . | [
"Gary Michael Stevens ( born in Barrow-in-Furness , Lancashire , England , 27 March 1963 ) is a retired English footballer who is best remembered playing in defense for a successful Everton side of the 1980s , as well as for the England national football team ."
] | [
"Raymond Crawford ( born 13 July 1936 in Portsmouth ) is a former English international footballer , who played as a striker in a career that saw him score over 300 goals at club level ."
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Scottish Football League Third Division is a football league which is fourth division in Scotland . | [
"The Scottish Football League Third Division is the lowest division of the Scottish Football League and the fourth overall in the Scottish football league system ."
] | [
"The J. League Division 2 or J2 League is the second division of Japan Professional Football League and is the second-tier professional association football league in Japan . Currently , J. League Division 2 is the second level of the Japanese association football league system ."
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Balltown is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Balltown is a city in Dubuque County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
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New Caledonia national football team is the national football team of New Caledonia . | [
"The New Caledonia national football team is the team of New Caledonia and is controlled by the Fà dà ration Calà donienne de Football ."
] | [
"The U.S. Virgin Islands national soccer team , nicknamed The dashing eagle , is the national team of the U.S. Virgin Islands and is controlled by the U.S. Virgin Islands Soccer Federation ."
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Middlesbrough is a large town in Yorkshire in north east England . | [
"Middlesbrough is a large town situated on the south bank of the River Tees in North East England , that sits within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire . The local authority is Middlesbrough Borough Council ."
] | [
"Consett is a town in the northwest of County Durham , England ."
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It used to be administered as part of the county borough of Teesside , then the county of Cleveland , and it is now in the unitary authority of the Borough of Middlesbrough . | [
"Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire , in 1968 the town became the center of the County Borough of Teesside , which was absorbed by the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland in 1974 . In 1996 Cleveland was abolished , and Middlesbrough became a unitary authority , within the ceremonial county of North... | [
"Darlington is a town in the ceremonial county of County Durham , England , and the main population center in the Borough of Darlington ."
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Grà villers is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Grà villers is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Chà risy is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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The keys , in practice , represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private secure connection . | [
"The keys , in practice , represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information link ."
] | [
"However , if a message is digitally signed , any change in the message after signature will invalidate the signature . Furthermore , there is no efficient way to modify a message and its signature to produce a new message with a valid signature , because this is still considered to be computationally infeasible by... | SimpleWiki | {
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Other terms for symmetric-key encryption are secret-key , single-key , shared-key , one-key and eventually private-key encryption . | [
"Other terms for symmetric-key encryption are secret-key , single-key , shared-key , one-key , and private-key encryption ."
] | [
"In this meaning , a cryptosystem refers to a suite of algorithms needed to implement a particular form of encryption and decryption ."
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Examples of popular symmetric cyphers include Twofish , Serpent , AES ( aka Rijndael ) , Blowfish , CAST5 , RC4 , TDES , and IDEA . | [
"Some examples of popular and well-respected symmetric algorithms include Twofish , Serpent , AES ( Rijndael ) , Blowfish , CAST5 , RC4 , 3DES , and IDEA ."
] | [
"The earliest standard that defines the algorithm ( ANS X9 .52 , published in 1998 ) describes it as the `` Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ( TDEA ) '' -- i.e. three operations of the Data Encryption Algorithm specified in ANSI X3 .92 -- and does not use the terms `` Triple DES '' or `` DES '' at all . FIPS PUB 46... | SimpleWiki | {
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The encryption key is simply related to the decryption key , in that they may be identical or there is a simple relation between the two keys . | [
"The encryption key is trivially related to the decryption key , in that they may be identical or there is a simple transformation to go between the two keys ."
] | [
"This padding ensures that does not fall into the range of insecure plaintexts , and that a given message , once padded , will encrypt to one of a large number of different possible ciphertexts ."
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Blocks of 64 bits have been commonly used ; though modern ciphers like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm uses 128-bit blocks . | [
"Blocks of 64 bits have been commonly used . The Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) algorithm approved by NIST in December 2001 uses 128-bit blocks ."
] | [
"Like other components of the DES , the iterative nature of the Feistel construction makes implementing the cryptosystem in hardware easier ( particularly on the hardware available at the time of DES ' design ) ."
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Stream ciphers encrypt the bits of the message as a stream of bits one at a time , and block ciphers take a number of bits and encrypt them as a single unit . | [
"Stream ciphers encrypt the bits of the message one at a time , and block ciphers take a number of bits and encrypt them as a single unit ."
] | [
"In cryptography , a permutation box ( or P-box ) is a method of bit-shuffling used to permute or transpose bits across S-boxes inputs , retaining diffusion while transposing ."
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Symmetric-key algorithms are a class of algorithms for cryptography that use trivially related , often identical , cryptographic keys for both decryption and encryption . | [
"Symmetric-key algorithms are a class of algorithms for cryptography that use trivially related , often identical , cryptographic keys for both decryption and encryption etc."
] | [
"The known-plaintext attack ( KPA ) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has samples of both the plaintext , a crib , and its encrypted version ( ciphertext ) . These can be used to reveal further secret information such as secret keys and code books ."
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Its capital is Gonaà ves . | [
"The main cities are Gonaà ves ( the capital ) and Saint-Marc ."
] | [
"The original name of the area was Dersim ."
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Artibonite is one of the ten departments ( French : dà partments , singular dà partment ) of Haiti . It is named Artibonite because the Artibonite river flows across the department from east to west . | [
"Artibonite is one of the ten departments ( French : dà partements ) of Haiti ."
] | [
"Charente ( Saintongeais : Chà rente , Occitan : Charanta ) is a department in southwestern France named after the Charente River , the most important river in the department , and also the river beside which the department 's two largest towns , Angoulà me and Cognac , are sited ."
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Lila Downs is the daughter of a cabaret singer Anita SÃ nchez and Allen Downs , a professor of American cinema of Minnesota . | [
"Downs is the daughter of Mixtec cabaret singer Anita SÃ nchez and Allen Downs , a Scottish\\/English-American professor of art and cinematographer from Minnesota ."
] | [
"She grew up partly in the Mexican state of Oaxaca , partly in the U.S. state of California as a teen , and Minnesota as an adult where she graduated from the University of Minnesota in voice and anthropology ."
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He has lived in Oaxaca , Mexico as well as in California , United States , as a teenager and as an adult in Minnesota . He earned a degree in anthropology at the University of Minnesota . | [
"She grew up partly in the Mexican state of Oaxaca , partly in the U.S. state of California as a teen , and Minnesota as an adult where she graduated from the University of Minnesota in voice and anthropology ."
] | [
"Benfey was born in Merion , Pennsylvania but spent most of his childhood in Richmond , Indiana and attended The Putney School . He began his undergraduate studies at Earlham College , where his father was a professor in the Chemistry department , and completed his B.A. at Guilford College ."
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In his musical style and claimed his Mexican roots of Mexico 's indigenous peoples , including the Mixtec , Zapotec , Maya , Nahuatl and Purà pecha , as well as the regional music of Mexico , especially Oaxaca . | [
"She also incorporates indigenous Mexican influences and have recorded songs in indigenous languages such as Mixtec , Zapotec , Maya and Nahuatl and P ` urhà pecha ."
] | [
"Has 463 inhabitants and is located approximately 1160 meters above the sea , the town is located in what is known as the Mixe area high north , and has an indigenous language is Mixe ( ayà à k ) but also people originally from this community dominated the Castilian ."
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Victoria is the capital city of the province of British Columbia , Canada . | [
"Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia , Canada and is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada 's Pacific coast ."
] | [
"Stanford is a town in Dutchess County , New York , United States ."
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DeFuniak Springs is a city of Florida in the United States . | [
"DeFuniak Springs is located at ."
] | [
"Pleasant Grove is a city of Jefferson County , Alabama ."
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Earnhardt is the son of the seven time Sprint cup champion Dale Earnhardt . | [
"He is the son of the late NASCAR Hall of Famer Dale Earnhardt , Sr. , and the grandson of both the late NASCAR driver Ralph Earnhardt and Robert Gee , the well known stock car fabricator . Earnhardt Jr. is also the half-brother of former driver Kerry Earnhardt , the uncle of driver Jeffrey Earnhardt , and the step... | [
"Robert Alan `` Bobby '' Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American race car driver in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Earnhardt , Jr. won the 2004 Daytona 500 . Earnhardt is the son of the seven time Sprint cup champion Dale Earnhardt . | [
"Dale Earnhardt Jr. has made appearances in several music videos , including :"
] | [
"Bodine 's career in Cup started at Watkins Glen International Raceway on August 9 , 1992 when he was 28 years old ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ralph Dale Earnhardt , Jr. ( born October 10 , 1974 ) is an American racecar driver . Earnhardt drives the # 88 AMP Energy\/National Guard Chevrolet Impala SS in the Nascar Sprint cup series for Hendrick Motorsports . | [
"Ralph Dale Earnhardt , Jr. ( born October 10 , 1974 ) , better known simply as Dale Earnhardt , Jr. , is a professional American race car driver and team owner who drives the No. 88 AMP Energy\\/United States National Guard Chevrolet Impala in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series for Hendrick Motorsports , and drives the ... | [
"Todd Bodine ( born February 27 , 1964 ) is a NASCAR driver ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
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Halo is a shooting video game series . The games are published by Microsoft and developed by Bungie Studios . | [
"While Bungie remained involved in the Halo series by developing games such as ODST and Reach , the rights to Halo remain with Microsoft ."
] | [
"Age of Empires III ( AoE III ) is a real-time strategy ( RTS ) game developed by Microsoft Corporation 's Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Singapore national football team is the national football team of Singapore . | [
"The Singapore national football team is the national association football team of Singapore ."
] | [
"The Georgia national football team is the national association football team of Georgia and is controlled by the Georgian Football Federation ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The capital of MureÅ County is TÃ cents rgu MureÅ . | [
"The MureÅ County Council has 34 members . After the 2008 local elections , the structure of MureÅ County Council by political parties is the following :"
] | [
"Its seat is in VÃ Ã ksy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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MureŠCounty has an area of 6,714 km . | [
"The county has a total area of 6,714 km ."
] | [
"The total area of the city is 42.7 km2 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Omar SÃ vori ( born 2 October 1935 - died 17 February 2005 ) is a former Argentine-Italian football player . | [
"Enrique Omar SÃ vori ( 2 October 1935 -- 17 February 2005 ) was an Italian Argentine football striker and manager ."
] | [
"Arthur Machado ( born 1 January 1909 - Death 20 February 1997 ) is a former Brazilian football player ."
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The replication of functional units was only made possible when the integrated circuit ( some times called `` die '' ) area of a single-issue processor no longer stretched the limits of what could be reliably manufactured . | [
"The replication of functional units was only made possible when the die area of a single-issue processor no longer stretched the limits of what could be reliably manufactured ."
] | [
"A common array of n configuration for very-high-volume embedded systems is the system on a chip ( SoC ) which contains a complete system consisting of multiple processors , multipliers , caches and interfaces on a single chip ."
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On average , every fifth instruction executed is a branch , so that 's a high amount of stalling . | [
"On average , every fifth instruction executed is a branch , so without any intervention , that 's a high amount of stalling ."
] | [
"The alternative situation , when the cache is consulted and found not to contain a datum with the desired tag , has become known as a cache miss. ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The addition of caches reduces the frequency or duration of stalls due to waiting for data to be fetched from the main memory hierarchy , but does not get rid of these stalls entirely . | [
"The addition of caches reduces the frequency or duration of stalls due to waiting for data to be fetched from the memory hierarchy , but does not get rid of these stalls entirely ."
] | [
"The disk buffer is controlled by the microcontroller in the hard disk drive , and the page cache is controlled by the computer to which that disk is attached . The disk buffer is usually quite small , from 2 to 32 MiB , and the page cache is generally all unused physical memory ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Improvements in chip manufacturing allowed more circuitry to be placed on the same chip , and designers started looking for ways to use it . | [
"It was not long before improvements in chip manufacturing allowed for even more circuitry to be placed on the die , and designers started looking for ways to use it ."
] | [
"Bit-level parallelism is a form of parallel computing based on increasing processor word size . From the advent of very-large-scale integration ( VLSI ) computer chip fabrication technology in the 1970s until about 1986 , advancements in computer architecture were done by increasing bit-level parallelism"
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This trend is sometimes known as `` throughput computing '' . | [
"This trend is sometimes known as throughput computing ."
] | [
"This is sometimes called a `` managed float '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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This idea originated in the mainframe market where online transaction processing emphasized not just the execution speed of one transaction , but the capacity to deal with big numbers of transactions at the same time . | [
"This idea originated in the mainframe market where online transaction processing emphasized not just the execution speed of one transaction , but the capacity to deal with massive numbers of transactions ."
] | [
"While the software may also log some delta information elsewhere , it expects the storage to present `` atomic write semantics , '' meaning that the write of the data either occurred in its entirety or did not occur at all . However , very few storage systems provide support for atomic writes , and even fewer spec... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Generally speaking , more cache means more speed . | [
"Generally speaking , more cache means more performance , due to reduced stalling ."
] | [
"Use careful judgement and make them as brief as possible ; they can affect up to sixty-five thousand IP addresses each , potentially affecting millions of users ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Early processor designs performed all of the steps above on one instruction before moving onto the next . | [
"Early processor designs would carry out all of the steps above for one instruction before moving onto the next ."
] | [
"In computer engineering , an execution unit ( also called a functional unit ) is a part of a CPU that performs the operations and calculations called for by the computer program ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Step ( 2 ) often introduces a delay ( in CPU terms often called a `` stall '' ) while the data arrives over the computer bus . | [
"Step ( 2 ) often introduces a lengthy ( in CPU terms ) delay while the data arrives over the computer bus ."
] | [
"Also , the joystick must be in the middle position at least once when the implicit `` self calibration '' takes place , even if not explicitly stated ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Previously , it did n't make much sense to build a pipeline that could run faster than the access latency of off-chip cash memory . | [
"Previously , it did n't make much sense to build a pipeline that could run faster than the access latency of off-chip memory ."
] | [
"The hardware , and all the software in the system are available to , and extensible by application programmers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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A big amount of research has been put into designs that avoid these delays as much as possible . | [
"A considerable amount of research has been put into designs that avoid these delays as much as possible ."
] | [
"As a result , protocols for tree management prior to , during and after construction activities are well established , tested and refined ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Some designs , such as UltraSPARC T1 used a simpler ( scalar , in-order ) designs in order to fit more processors on one piece of silicon . | [
"Some designs , such as Sun Microsystems ' UltraSPARC T1 have reverted back to simpler ( scalar , in-order ) designs in order to fit more processors on one piece of silicon ."
] | [
"Bit-level parallelism is a form of parallel computing based on increasing processor word size . From the advent of very-large-scale integration ( VLSI ) computer chip fabrication technology in the 1970s until about 1986 , advancements in computer architecture were done by increasing bit-level parallelism"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Technology:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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Speculative execution is a further enhancement in which the code along the predicted path is executed before it is known whether the branch should be taken or not . | [
"Speculative execution is a further enhancement in which the code along the predicted path is not just prefetched but also executed before it is known whether the branch should be taken or not ."
] | [
"From the time that the processor 's instruction decoder has figured out that it has encountered a conditional branch instruction to the time that the deciding register value can be read out , the pipeline needs to be stalled for several cycles , or if it 's not and the branch is taken , the pipeline needs to be fl... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The instruction set architecture is near to the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer , which includes the execution model , processor registers , address and data formats etc. . | [
"The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer . The ISA includes the execution model , processor registers , address and data formats among other things ."
] | [
"For these reasons , newer generations of computers have started to exploit higher levels of parallelism that exist outside of a single program or program thread ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Pipeline stalls and flushes due to branches are the two main things preventing achieving higher performance through instruction level parallelism . | [
"One barrier to achieving higher performance through instruction-level parallelism stems from pipeline stalls and flushes due to branches ."
] | [
"However , the low cost of implementing the technology is offset by the high cost of managing the network ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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For these reasons , newer generations of computers have started to utilize higher levels of parallelism that exist outside of a single program or program thread . | [
"For these reasons , newer generations of computers have started to exploit higher levels of parallelism that exist outside of a single program or program thread ."
] | [
"A common array of n configuration for very-high-volume embedded systems is the system on a chip ( SoC ) which contains a complete system consisting of multiple processors , multipliers , caches and interfaces on a single chip ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Over the years , a central design goal was to execute more instructions in parallel , thus increasing the effective execution speed of a program . | [
"Over the years , a central goal was to execute more instructions in parallel , thus increasing the effective execution speed of a program ."
] | [
"In some systems , however , multiple layers of encryption are used , in which case the output of one encryption algorithm becomes plaintext input for the next ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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Cache is a very fast memory , memory that can be accessed in a few cycles as compared to what is needed to talk to main memory . | [
"Cache is simply very fast memory , memory that can be accessed in a few cycles as opposed to `` many '' needed to talk to main memory ."
] | [
"The speed of the disk 's I\\/O interface to the computer almost never matches the speed at which the bits are transferred to and from the hard disk platter ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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One of the most common ways was to add an ever-increasing amount of cache memory on-chip . | [
"One of the most common was to add an ever-increasing amount of cache memory on-die ."
] | [
"However , despite its simplicity , it suffers from a secondary imbalance which causes minor vibrations in smaller engines ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Large portions of the processor circuitry were left idle at any one step ; for instance , the instruction decoding circuitry would be idle during execution and so on . | [
"Large portions of the circuitry were left idle at any one step ; for instance , the instruction decoding circuitry would be idle during execution and so on ."
] | [
"But the main performance-gain occurs because there is a good chance that the same datum will be read from cache multiple times , or that written data will soon be read ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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In the past such techniques could only be implemented on expensive mainframes or supercomputers due to the amount of circuitry needed for these techniques . | [
"Initially these techniques could only be implemented on expensive mainframes or supercomputers due to the amount of circuitry needed for these techniques ."
] | [
"SMT permits multiple independent threads of execution to better utilize the resources provided by modern processor architectures ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Advances in semiconductor technology reduced transistor size ; multicore CPUs have appeared where multiple CPUs are implemented on the same silicon chip . | [
"With further transistor size reductions made available with semiconductor technology advances , multicore CPUs have appeared where multiple CPUs are implemented on the same silicon chip ."
] | [
"A single event upset ( SEU ) is a change of state caused by ions or electro-magnetic radiation striking a sensitive node in a micro-electronic device , such as in a microprocessor , semiconductor memory , or power transistors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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In the past this was reserved for high-end mainframes but now small scale ( 2-8 ) multiprocessors servers have become commonplace for the small business market . | [
"Once reserved for high-end mainframes and supercomputers , small scale ( 2-8 ) multiprocessors servers have become commonplace for the small business market ."
] | [
"The advantage of this approach is that low-cost commodity components may be used along with the same software development tools used for general software development ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Techniques such as branch prediction and speculative execution are used to reduce these branch penalties . | [
"Techniques such as branch prediction and speculative execution are used to lessen these branch penalties ."
] | [
"Superscalar CPU design emphasizes improving the instruction dispatcher accuracy , and allowing it to keep the multiple functional units in use at all times ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Microarchitecture and instruction set architecture ( ISA ) together constitute the field of computer architecture . | [
"Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design ."
] | [
"As a result , VLIW CPUs offer significant computational power with less hardware complexity ( but greater compiler complexity ) than is associated with most superscalar CPUs ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
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Initially used in-chips targeting embedded markets , where simpler and smaller CPUs would allow multiple instantiations to fit on one piece of silicon . | [
"Initially used in chips targeting embedded markets , where simpler and smaller CPUs would allow multiple instantiations to fit on one piece of silicon ."
] | [
"The advantage of this approach is that low-cost commodity components may be used along with the same software development tools used for general software development ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Due to the growing gap between CPU operating frequencies and DRAM access times , none of the techniques that enhance instruction-level parallelism ( ILP ) within one program could overcome the long stalls ( delays ) that occurred when data had to be fetched from main memory . | [
"Computer architects have become stymied by the growing mismatch in CPU operating frequencies and DRAM access times . None of the techniques that exploited instruction-level parallelism within one program could make up for the long stalls that occurred when data had to be fetched from main memory ."
] | [
"In computer architecture , register renaming refers to a technique used to avoid unnecessary serialization of program operations imposed by the reuse of registers by those operations ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
The from time that the processor 's instruction decoder has found that it has encountered a conditional branch instruction to the time that the deciding jumping register value can be read out , the pipeline might be stalled for several cycles . | [
"From the time that the processor 's instruction decoder has figured out that it has encountered a conditional branch instruction to the time that the deciding register value can be read out , the pipeline needs to be stalled for several cycles , or if it 's not and the branch is taken , the pipeline needs to be fl... | [
"; Write-after-write ( WAW ) : Successive writes to a particular register or memory location must leave that location containing the result of the second write ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Suppose we have to groups of instruction that will use the same register , one set of instruction is executed first to leave the register to the other set , but if the other set is assigned to a different similar register both sets of instructions can be executed in parallel . | [
"Suppose we have two groups of instruction that will use the same register . One set of instructions is executed first to leave the register to the other set , but if the other set is assigned to a different similar register , both sets of instructions can be executed in parallel ."
] | [
"; Write-after-write ( WAW ) : Successive writes to a particular register or memory location must leave that location containing the result of the second write ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
This number grew over time , and typical CPUs now have about 512 KB , while more powerful CPUs come with 1 or 2 or even 4 , 6 , 8 or 12 MB , organized in multiple levels of a memory hierarchy . | [
"This number grew over time , and typical CPUs now have at least 512 KB , while more powerful CPUs come with 1 or 2 or even 4 , 6 , 8 or 12 MB , organized in multiple levels of a memory hierarchy ."
] | [
"Each instruction executed by a scalar processor typically manipulates one or two data items at a time . By contrast , each instruction executed by a vector processor operates simultaneously on many data items ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Recently , another technique that has become more popular is multithreading . | [
"Another technique that has become more popular recently is multithreading ."
] | [
"Despite this , innovation in the technology continues and tape is still widely used ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Ronald Koeman ( born 21 March 1963 ) is a former Dutch football player . | [
"Ronald Koeman ( born 21 March 1963 in Zaandam , Noord-Holland ) is a former Dutch footballer and former manager of AZ ."
] | [
"Hennie Meijer ( born 17 February 1962 ) is a retired Dutch football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The hominin remains are believed to be a human ancestor species and the final missing link between the Australopithecus genus and the human genus Homo . | [
"The hominin remains are believed to be a human ancestor species and the final missing link between the Australopithecus genus and the human genus , Homo ."
] | [
"Tocheri et al . ( 2007 ) ( including Morwood , Larson , and Jungers ) , compared three carpal bones believed to belong to LB1 with carpal bones of modern humans , some earlier hominids and African apes . They concluded that the carpals from the Liang Bua cave resembled ape carpal bones and were significantly diffe... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Anthropology:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Anthropology:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
City of Illusions was republished in 1978 with Rocannon 's World and Planet of Exile in a set called Three Hainish Novels and in 1994 with the same books in Worlds of Exile and Illusion . | [
"City of Illusions originally appeared as an independent paperback . It was reissued along with Rocannon 's World and Planet of Exile in a 1978 omnibus volume titled Three Hainish Novels , and again in 1996 with the same novels in Worlds of Exile and Illusion ."
] | [
"The Eye of the Heron is a 1978 science fiction novel by U.S. author Ursula K. Le Guin which was first published in the science fiction anthology Millennial Women ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
City of Illusions is a 1967 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in her Hainish Cycle . | [
"City of Illusions is a 1967 post-apocalyptic science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin , set on Earth in the distant future in her Hainish Cycle . City of Illusions is significant because it lays the foundation for the Hainish cycle , a fictional world in which the majority of Ursula K. Le Guin 's Science Fiction... | [
"Rocannon 's World is Ursula K. Le Guin 's first novel ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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While objective prose about products or services is acceptable , Wikipedia is not intended to be a vehicle for advertising or promotion . | [
"While objective prose about beliefs , products or services is acceptable , Wikipedia is not intended to be a vehicle for soapboxing , advertising or promotion ."
] | [
"If you do write an article on an area in which you are personally involved , be sure to write in a neutral tone and cite reliable , third-party , independent published sources , and beware of unintentional bias ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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A drum and bugle corps is similar to a marching band but it only has brass instruments , percussion instruments , and color guards . The modern drum and bugle corps came from military drum and bugle units coming back from World War I and the wars after it . | [
"Drum and bugle corps is a name used to describe two forms of marching units ."
] | [
"Although the term `` fight song '' is primarily used in America , the use of fight songs is commonplace around the world , but they may be referred to as team anthems , himnos equipos ( Spanish language ) , or team songs in other countries , such as Australia , Mexico and New Zealand . Fight songs differ from stad... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution\/Share-Alike License and the GFDL ; additional terms may apply . | [
"Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply ."
] | [
"The zlib License has been approved by the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) as a free software licence , and by the Open Source Initiative ( OSI ) as an open source license . It is compatible with the GNU General Public License ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Assenay is a commune of the Aube dà partement in the north-central part of France . | [
"Assenay is a commune in the Aube department in northern-central France ."
] | [
"Les Croà '' tes is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the description about Geography:"
} |
Lengwil is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland . | [
"Lengwil is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Romanshorn is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
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