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Schleicher came up with the idea of Presidential government , and the `` 25/48/53 formula '' . | [
"It was he who came up with the idea of Presidential government based on the so-called `` 25/48/53 formula '' ."
] | [
"This is the so-called ` Nexus ' , which is designed to prevent swamping of the senate 's power in the case of a joint sitting ( see Section 57 below ) ."
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In the runoff election of April 1932 , Hindenburg beat Hitler for the Presidency . | [
"In the runoff election of April 1932 , Hindenburg defeated Hitler for the Presidency ."
] | [
"The Christian Democrats , in the political wilderness since the 1990 Schrà der victory , were returned to power in the Legislative Assembly , gaining 48.3 % of the vote ."
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Following Hindenburg 's death , Hitler declared the office of President to be permanently vacant , effectively merging it with the office of Chancellor under the title of Leader and Chancellor ( FÃ 1\/4 hrer und Reichskanzler ) , making himself Germany 's Head of State and Head of government . | [
"Following Hindenburg 's death , Hitler merged the presidency with the office of Chancellor under the title of Leader and Chancellor ( FÃ 1\\/4 hrer und Reichskanzler ) , making himself Germany 's Head of State and Head of government , thereby completing the progress of Gleichschaltung ."
] | [
"Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl ( 10 May 1890 â `` 16 October 1946 ) was a German military commander , attaining the position of Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command ( Oberkommando der Wehrmacht , or OKW ) during World War II , acting as deputy to Wilhelm Keitel ."
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In early February 1933 , von Papen had an Article 48 bill signed into law that limited the freedom of press . | [
"In early February 1933 , Papen asked for and received an Article 48 bill signed into law that sharply limited freedom of the press ."
] | [
"When the Reichstag voted to repeal the budget , Brà 1\\/4 ning had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag , just two years into its mandate , and reapprove the budget through the Article 48 mechanism ."
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Hindenburg played key role in the Nazi Machtergreifung ( Seizure of Power ) in 1933 . | [
"Hindenburg played a supporting but key role in the Nazi Machtergreifung ( Seizure of Power ) in 1933 ."
] | [
"As a German socialist journalist and statesman , he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918 ."
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After the Reichstag fire , Hindenburg signed into law the Reichstag Fire Decree . | [
"After the Reichstag fire , Hindenburg , at Hitler 's urging , signed into law the Reichstag Fire Decree ."
] | [
"Like Brà 1\\/4 ning 's government , Papen 's government was a `` presidential government '' that governed through the use of Article 48 ."
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Hitler still demanded that Hindenburg give him the Chancellorship . | [
"Hitler for his part , remained adamant that Hindenburg give him the Chancellorship and nothing else ."
] | [
"Schleicher and Papen both believed that the Nazis would win the majority of the seats and would support Papen 's government ."
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Schleicher saw von Papen as a threat so he blocked the martial law plan by saying it would make the Nazi SA and the Communist Red Front Fighters rebel , and that the Poles would invade and the Reichswehr would be unable to cope . | [
"Schleicher , who had come to see Papen as a threat , blocked the martial law move by unveiling the results of a war games exercise that showed if martial law was declared , the Nazi SA and the Communist Red Front Fighters would rise up , the Poles would invade and the Reichswehr would be unable to cope ."
] | [
"During 1933 and 1934 , Hitler was very aware of the fact that President Hindenburg was his only superior as well as the Supreme Commander-In-Chief of the German armed forces , and given that Hindenburg was a revered figure in the German Army , that if the President decided to remove Hitler as Chancellor , there wa... | SimpleWiki | {
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Hindenburg stayed president until he died from lung cancer at his home in Neudeck , East Prussia on 2 August 1934 . | [
"Hindenburg remained in office until his death at the age of 86 from lung cancer at his home in Neudeck , East Prussia on 2 August 1934 ( exactly two months short of his 87th birthday ) ."
] | [
"Rau died in Berlin on 27 January 2006 ."
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When the Reichstag voted to cancel the budget , Brà 1\/4 ning had Hindenburg dissolve Reichstag only two years into its mandate , and had the budget passed again by Article 48 . | [
"When the Reichstag voted to repeal the budget , Brà 1\\/4 ning had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag , just two years into its mandate , and reapprove the budget through the Article 48 mechanism ."
] | [
"After the presidential elections had ended , Schleicher held a series of secret meetings with Hitler in May 1932 , and thought that he had obtained a `` gentleman 's agreement '' in which Hitler had agreed to support the new `` presidential government '' that Schleicher was building ."
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Hindenburg hated the idea of Hitler as Chancellor , but under pressure from Meià ner , von Papen and Oskar Hindenburg the President decided to appoint Hitler Chancellor . On the morning of 30 January 1933 , Hindenburg swore Hitler in as Chancellor at the Presidential Palace . | [
"During 1933 and 1934 , Hitler was very aware of the fact that President Hindenburg was his only superior as well as the Supreme Commander-In-Chief of the German armed forces , and given that Hindenburg was a revered figure in the German Army , that if the President decided to remove Hitler as Chancellor , there wa... | [
"Lieutenant-Colonel Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen zu KÃ ningen ( 29 October 1879 - 2 May 1969 ) was a German nobleman , Roman Catholic monarchist politician , General Staff officer , and diplomat , who served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933 -- 1934 .... | SimpleWiki | {
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During the winter of 1929 â `` 1930 , Schleicher had a series of secret meetings with Heinrich Brà 1\/4 ning , the leader of the Catholic Center Party ( Zentrum ) . | [
"During the winter of 1929 â `` 1930 , however , Schleicher had more success . After a series of secret meetings attended by Meià ner , Schleicher , and Heinrich Brà 1\\/4 ning , the parliamentary leader of the Catholic Center Party ( Zentrum ) , Schleicher and Meià ner were able to persuade Brà 1\\/4 ning to go al... | [
"MÃ 1\\/4 ller , described as the `` forgotten father of experimental epidemiology '' , was a member of the National Socialist Motor Corps ( NSKK ) and the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) ."
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After the first round Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz , one of the leaders of the DNVP , visited Hindenburg and asked him to run . | [
"Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz , one of the leaders of the DNVP , visited Hindenburg and urged him to run ."
] | [
"Caprivi was informed that he was the Kaiser 's intended choice should Bismarck prove resistant to Wilhelm 's proposed changes to the government , and upon Bismarck 's dismissal on March 18 , Caprivi became Chancellor ."
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In the second Reichstag elections of 1932 the Nazis lost some support , but stayed the largest party in the Reichstag . | [
"In response , Papen had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag for elections in November 1932 . The second Reichstag elections saw the Nazi vote drop from 37 percent to 32 percent , though the Nazis once again remained the largest party in the Reichstag ."
] | [
"Three factors are generally cited that enabled Schrà der to win the elections despite poor approval ratings a few months before and a weaker economy : good handling of the 100-year-flood , firm opposition to the USA 's 2003 invasion of Iraq , and Stoiber 's unpopularity in the east that cost the CDU crucial seats ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Hindenburg died the next year , after which Hitler declared the office of President vacant and made himself Head of State . | [
"Hindenburg died the following year , after which Hitler declared the office of President vacant and , as `` FÃ 1\\/4 hrer und Reichskanzler '' , made himself head of state ."
] | [
"Franz Ritter von Epp ( 16 October 1868 in Munich -- 31 December 1946 in Munich ) was a regular officer in the Imperial German Army of the early part of the 20th century , who rose to the office of Reichsstatthalter of Bavaria , a position of dictatorial power , under the Nazis ."
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The first try at `` presidential government '' in 1926 â `` 1927 failed for lack of political support . | [
"The first attempt to establish a `` presidential government '' had occurred in 1926 â `` 1927 , but foundered for lack of political support ."
] | [
"From 1835 â `` 1876 it allowed only Christians ( including Catholics ) to hold public office ."
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The Communist Party of Germany also made gains . | [
"The Communist Party of Germany also made striking gains , albeit not so great ."
] | [
"Rau was a member of the All-German Peopleâ s Party ( GVP ) , which was founded by Gustav Heinemann ."
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He advisers included his son , Oskar , his old army aide General Wilhelm Groener , and General Kurt von Schleicher . | [
"These advisers included his son , Oskar , Otto Meià ner , General Wilhelm Groener , and General Kurt von Schleicher ."
] | [
"Christina Rau is a granddaughter of her husband 's mentor , Gustav Heinemann , former President of Germany ."
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von Papen 's government openly wanted to destroy German democracy . | [
"`` The Government of Barons '' , as Papen 's government was known , openly had as its objective the destruction of German democracy ."
] | [
"During the following weeks , Schuschnigg realized that his newly-appointed ministers were working to take over his authority ."
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Hindenburg was buried in the Tannenberg memorial near Tannenberg , East Prussia ( today : StÄ bark , Poland ) . | [
"Hindenburg was originally buried in the yard of the castle-like Tannenberg Memorial near Tannenberg , East Prussia ( today : StÄ bark , Poland ) , on 7 August 1934 during a large state funeral , five days after his death ."
] | [
"As part of the Generalplan Ost , they were resettled in 1942 at Skierbieszà w , a village near ZamoÅ Ä , Poland ( then part of the General Government ) ."
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When Hindenburg met Hitler on 13 August 1932 , in Berlin , Hindenburg rejected Hitler 's demands for the Chancellorship . | [
"In a meeting between Hindenburg and Hitler held on 13 August 1932 , in Berlin , Hindenburg firmly rejected Hitler 's demands for the Chancellorship ."
] | [
"Caprivi was informed that he was the Kaiser 's intended choice should Bismarck prove resistant to Wilhelm 's proposed changes to the government , and upon Bismarck 's dismissal on March 18 , Caprivi became Chancellor ."
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As Schleicher wanted , Hindenburg dissolved the Reichstag and set new elections for July 1932 . | [
"In accordance with Schleicher 's `` gentleman 's agreement '' , Hindenburg dissolved the Reichstag and set new elections for July 1932 ."
] | [
"After the 23 May announcement that federal elections will be advanced to September 2005 , Wulff announced that he was not a candidate for the Christian Democrat nomination for Chancellor , particularly as he has not completed his first term as Prime Minister of Lower Saxony ."
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Hindenburg eventually agreed to run in the second round of the elections as a non-party independent , although he was a conservative . | [
"Though Hindenburg ran during the second round of the elections as a non-party independent , he was generally regarded as the conservative candidate ."
] | [
"Schleicher and Papen both believed that the Nazis would win the majority of the seats and would support Papen 's government ."
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Like Brà 1\/4 ning 's government , von Papen 's government was a `` presidential government '' that governed through the use of Article 48 . | [
"Like Brà 1\\/4 ning 's government , Papen 's government was a `` presidential government '' that governed through the use of Article 48 ."
] | [
"Schleicher 's idea was to have Hindenburg appoint a man of Schleicher 's choosing as chancellor , who would rule under the provisions of Article 48 ."
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If the Reichstag should threaten to cancel any of those laws , Hindenburg could threaten a dissolution , and call new elections . | [
"If the Reichstag should threaten to annul any laws so passed , Hindenburg could counter with the threat of dissolution ."
] | [
"Schleicher and Papen both believed that the Nazis would win the majority of the seats and would support Papen 's government ."
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When the Reichstag met in September 1932 , its first and only act was to pass a massive vote of no-confidence in von Papenâ s government . | [
"When the Reichstag convened in September 1932 , its first and only act was to pass a massive vote of no-confidence in Papenâ s government ."
] | [
"Schleicher 's idea was to have Hindenburg appoint a man of Schleicher 's choosing as chancellor , who would rule under the provisions of Article 48 ."
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Choi Tae-Uk ( born 13 March 1981 ) is a South Korean football player . | [
"Choi Tae-Uk ( ; born 13 March 1981 ) is a South Korean football player who plays for FC Seoul ."
] | [
"Hisashi Kurosaki ( born 8 May 1968 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
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The following is a list of rivers in Georgia ( U.S. state ) , by letter : | [
"List of rivers in Georgia ( U.S. state ) ."
] | [
"This is a list of the 77 counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma ."
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Acura is the luxury brand of the car company Honda . | [
"Acura is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Honda Motor Company ."
] | [
"The Lincoln Navigator is a full-size luxury SUV built by the Ford Motor Company for its luxury division , Lincoln ."
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It has been used in the United States , Canada and Hong Kong since March 1986 . The brand has been used to market Honda 's luxury cars and high performance models . | [
"The Acura brand has been used in the US , Canada , and Hong Kong since March 1986 to market Honda 's luxury and performance vehicles and near-performance vehicles ."
] | [
"The design proved successful in its native country , and after World War II was licensed for use elsewhere in the world ."
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She is the daughter of Kris and Rob Kardashian . She has 1 brother named Rob Kardashian Jr. 2 sisters , Kim and Kourtney . | [
"Kardashian wrote a book , Kardashian Konfidential , with her sisters Kim and Kourtney , which was released on November 23 , 2010 ."
] | [
"They had two sons , Tom ( born March 6 , 1999 ) and Leeam ( born November 22 , 2000 ) , but later divorced ."
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K-1 is a kickboxing competition . | [
"The main difference between K-1 rules and kickboxing is the use of knees , allowed in K-1 but not in International kickboxing ."
] | [
"The section , used in drifting events since 2002 , is currently used to host a European Drift Championship round ."
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K-1 has fighters from a lot of countries . | [
"The winners will qualify to the K-1 and the K-1 MAX WGP Final Eliminations held in Osaka Dome , Japan . From there the final top 8 fighters will compete in the K-1 World GP Finals in Tokyo Dome , Japan ."
] | [
"Over the years , the league has evolved into a small league consisting of only eight teams , and two minor divisions ."
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On the far right , General Duke was being pressed hard by the heavy columns of attacking soldiers . | [
"On the far right , Duke was pressed hard by columns of attacking Union soldiers ."
] | [
"The next day , late in the afternoon , a dozen men under the command of Maj. Allan Wilson were sent across the river to patrol the area ."
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The next day , Stoneman and his cavalry went into camp at Glade Spring , Virginia , which was about 13 m west of Marion . | [
"The next day , Stoneman and his cavalry went into camp at Glade Spring , Virginia , which was approximately 13 m west of Marion ."
] | [
"Webbville , a community of land squatters , was located 9 m northwest of present day Marianna and was designated as the county seat ."
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Breckinridge 's army consisted of Colonel Henry Giltner 's brigade , ( which was formed from the soldiers of the 4th Kentucky Cavalry and the 10th Kentucky Cavalry ) ; the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles ( later renamed to the 13th Kentucky Cavalry ) , and the 64th Virginia Mounted Infantry . | [
"Breckinridge 's forces consisted of Colonel Henry Giltner 's brigade -- formed from the soldiers of the 4th Kentucky Cavalry and the 10th Kentucky Cavalry Battalions -- the 11th Kentucky Mounted Rifles -- later renamed the 13th Kentucky Cavalry Battalion -- and the 64th Virginia Mounted Infantry ."
] | [
"The Battle of Marion ( December 17 -- 18 , 1864 ) was a military engagement fought between units of the Union Army and the Confederate Army during the American Civil War near the town of Marion , Virginia ."
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Stoneman ordered Burbridge to bring his army of 4,200 men through the Cumberland Gap to join Stoneman and General Gillem at Knoxville , Tennessee where Gillem was refitting his own command into a picked force of 1,500 men . | [
"Stoneman ordered Burbridge to bring his division of 4,200 cavalrymen through the Cumberland Gap to join Stoneman and Gillem at Knoxville , Tennessee , where Gillem was refitting his own command into a picked force of 1,500 men ."
] | [
"Duke and Witcher then combined forces and charged the Union 's extreme left flank , inflicting significant damage on a Union colored regiment ."
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At 4:00 a.m. ( Local Time ) , they reached the main road near Seven Mile Ford , Virginia where Breckinridge waited for daylight before continuing . | [
"By about 4 a.m. , they reached the main road near Seven Mile Ford , Virginia where Breckinridge halted to wait for daylight before continuing ."
] | [
"The next day , late in the afternoon , a dozen men under the command of Maj. Allan Wilson were sent across the river to patrol the area ."
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On the 14th , the Union army began to push Duke 's cavalry back toward Abingdon , Virginia . | [
"On December 14 , the Union regiments began to push Duke 's cavalry back toward Abingdon , Virginia ."
] | [
"As the rest of Breckinridge 's troops began to arrive on the scene , Stoneman 's soldiers secured elevated positions overlooking the river ."
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This gained the approval of Major General John Schofield on December 6 , 1864 . | [
"This gained the approval of Maj. Gen. John Schofield on December 6 , 1864 ."
] | [
"The bill was signed by Governor John C. Fremont on February 25 , 1881 ."
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There General Gillem captured 84 prisoners , including Col. Richard C. Morgan and the brigade 's supply train . | [
"There Gillem captured 84 prisoners , including Col. Richard C. Morgan and the brigade 's supply train ."
] | [
"Saltville fell to a night attack on December 20 -- 21 and the salt works were destroyed by the Union forces ."
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General Breckinridge 's front regiment was the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles , under the command of Colonel Benjamin Caudill . | [
"Breckinridge 's front regiment was the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles , under the command of Col. Benjamin Caudill ."
] | [
"The Fourth Alabama Infantry , which contained two Huntsville companies , were the first Alabama troops to fight in the war and were present when Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox in April 1865 ."
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General Breckinridge sent Witcher and his men of the 34th on ahead of his main force and ordered them to harass the Union army . | [
"Breckinridge sent Witcher and his men of the 34th on ahead of the main force and ordered them to harass the Union forces ."
] | [
"Forbes , however , was unwilling to set off across the river in the dark , so he sent only 20 more men , under the command of Henry Borrow , to reinforce Wilsonâ s patrol ."
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The confederate rail breastworks had held , but the holding of the line had resulted in the use of a huge amount of ammunition . | [
"The Confederates had succeeded in holding the rail breastworks , yet had expended most of their ammunition in doing so ."
] | [
"Moreover , the road was blocked by a trench , and , towards the forest , an earthen wall had been built along the roadside , permitting the Germanic tribesmen to attack the Romans from cover ."
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On December 12 , Stoneman 's force flanked and forced back Confederate General Basil Duke 's cavalry at Rogersville , Tennessee . | [
"On December 12 , Stoneman 's force flanked and forced back Confederate Brig . Gen. Basil W. Duke 's cavalry at Rogersville , Tennessee ."
] | [
"By about 4 a.m. , they reached the main road near Seven Mile Ford , Virginia where Breckinridge halted to wait for daylight before continuing ."
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The vastly outnumbered Rebels had inflicted moderate casualties and slowed the advance on Saltville , but were unable to stop it . | [
"Although the vastly outnumbered Confederates had inflicted casualties and slowed the Union advance on Saltville , they were incapable of halting it ."
] | [
"The rest of Giltner 's Brigade also joined in the charge , routing the Union soldiers and allowing the Confederate forces to use the defensive positions themselves ."
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The Union army then ordered another charge with a large cavalry regiment that reinforced the Union infantry . | [
"The Union commanders then ordered another charge with a cavalry regiment that reinforced the Union infantry ."
] | [
"Saltville fell to a night attack on December 20 -- 21 and the salt works were destroyed by the Union forces ."
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The Federals defeated and scattered the Confederates the next day at Kingsport , Tennessee . | [
"Union forces defeated and scattered Confederate troops the next day at Kingsport , Tennessee ."
] | [
"The next day , Stoneman and his cavalry went into camp at Glade Spring , Virginia , which was approximately 13 m west of Marion ."
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At about 3 a.m. ( Local Time ) , Breckinridge and his small army began to travel across Walkers Mountain . | [
"At about 3 a.m. , Breckinridge and his small company began to cross Walkers Mountain ."
] | [
"Before Giltner 's reinforcements arrived , Duke and his men counterattacked the Union line -- routing it and forcing a withdrawal ."
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Saltville would fall to a night attack on December 20 - December 21 and the salt works would be destroyed by the Union army . | [
"Saltville fell to a night attack on December 20 -- 21 and the salt works were destroyed by the Union forces ."
] | [
"The rest of Giltner 's Brigade also joined in the charge , routing the Union soldiers and allowing the Confederate forces to use the defensive positions themselves ."
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Before the 2nd arrived , Duke and his men counterattacked the Union line and routed it . | [
"Before Giltner 's reinforcements arrived , Duke and his men counterattacked the Union line -- routing it and forcing a withdrawal ."
] | [
"In spite of a shower of bullets and spears , the three made it to Forbes , but the battle raging there was just as intense as the one they had left , and there was no hope of anyone reaching Wilson in time ."
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The unexpected fighting capabilities of the small Confederate army had temporarily created a reprieve for the salt works . | [
"The unexpected fighting capabilities of the small Confederate force had temporarily created a reprieve for the salt works ."
] | [
"The second was to keep open the supply lines to their own armies in North Africa ."
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The number of men wounded and killed had depleted his army to the point that he could judged that he could no longer hold back the Union army at the front lines . | [
"The number of men wounded and killed had depleted his troops to a point that he judged that he could no longer hold back the Union forces at his front lines ."
] | [
"The Thracians and the other auxiliaries who were left in the camp , in total seven cohorts , defended bravely , but they were not able to fend off the enemy assault ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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On the night of December 16 , General Breckinridge and his troops moved out of Saltville , Virginia in an effort to stop Stoneman . | [
"On the night of December 18 , Breckinridge and his troops moved out of Saltville , Virginia , in an effort to stem Stoneman 's advance ."
] | [
"Forbes , however , was unwilling to set off across the river in the dark , so he sent only 20 more men , under the command of Henry Borrow , to reinforce Wilsonâ s patrol ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Stoneman did not reveal the objectives of the expedition to his subordinates until three days after it had departed Knoxville on December 10 . | [
"Stoneman did not reveal the objectives of the expedition to his subordinates until three days after they had departed Knoxville on December 10 ."
] | [
"For several days Dudley was able to attend to his duties from his home , until he unexpectedly died on April 4 , 1925 at the age of 65 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Stoneman would use troops under General Alvan Gillem and those commanded by General Stephen Burbridge -- including the 5th and the 6th U.S. Colored Cavalry who had participated in the failed previous attempt to destroy the salt works at the first Battle of Saltville . | [
"Alvan Gillem and Stephen Burbridge , including the 5th and the 6th U.S. Colored Cavalry Regiments -- both of which had participated in the previous attempt to destroy the salt works during the First Battle of Saltville ."
] | [
"The Battle of Marion ( December 17 -- 18 , 1864 ) was a military engagement fought between units of the Union Army and the Confederate Army during the American Civil War near the town of Marion , Virginia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Duke and Witcher then combined forces and charged the Union 's extreme left flank . This Union colored regiment was also completely routed . | [
"Duke and Witcher then combined forces and charged the Union 's extreme left flank , inflicting significant damage on a Union colored regiment ."
] | [
"During the fighting in the second battle , Arnold , operating against Gates ' orders , took to the battlefield and led attacks on the British defenses ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Caudill 's men dismounted and fired into the Union cavalry , causing several casualties . | [
"Caudill 's men dismounted and fired into the Union cavalry , inflicting minor casualties ."
] | [
"As the rest of Breckinridge 's troops began to arrive on the scene , Stoneman 's soldiers secured elevated positions overlooking the river ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Ammunition in the camp was also running low ; each man had no more than ten cartridges apiece . | [
"Ammunition in the camp was also dwindling ; each man had no more than ten cartridges apiece ."
] | [
"The Confederates had succeeded in holding the rail breastworks , yet had expended most of their ammunition in doing so ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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The rest of Giltner 's Brigade also joined in the charge , routing the Union soldiers . | [
"The rest of Giltner 's Brigade also joined in the charge , routing the Union soldiers and allowing the Confederate forces to use the defensive positions themselves ."
] | [
"Saltville fell to a night attack on December 20 -- 21 and the salt works were destroyed by the Union forces ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
With their supplies destroyed by Stoneman 's army at the towns of Wytheville and Abingdon , there was little hope of being resupplied or reinforced in time . | [
"With their supplies destroyed by Stoneman 's troops at the towns of Wytheville and Abingdon , there was little hope of being resupplied or reinforced in the near future ."
] | [
"By about 4 a.m. , they reached the main road near Seven Mile Ford , Virginia where Breckinridge halted to wait for daylight before continuing ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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On December 16 , Stoneman 's cavalry rode toward Marion , destroying infrastructure and public buildings along their path . | [
"On December 16 , Stoneman 's cavalry advanced towards Marion , destroying infrastructure and public buildings in their path ."
] | [
"By about 4 a.m. , they reached the main road near Seven Mile Ford , Virginia where Breckinridge halted to wait for daylight before continuing ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Taking the regular troops with him , Breckinridge left Colonel Robert Preston in charge of the 500 militia men to defend the salt works . | [
"Taking the regular troops with him , Breckinridge left Col. Robert Preston in charge of the 500 militia men to defend the salt works ."
] | [
"On December 14 , the Union regiments began to push Duke 's cavalry back toward Abingdon , Virginia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The Battle of Marion ( December 17 â `` December 18 , 1864 ) was a military engagement in the American Civil War that occurred when Major General George Stoneman , commander of the Union Army in Kentucky and Tennessee , raided Southwestern Virginia . | [
"The Battle of Marion ( December 17 -- 18 , 1864 ) was a military engagement fought between units of the Union Army and the Confederate Army during the American Civil War near the town of Marion , Virginia ."
] | [
"Alvan Gillem and Stephen Burbridge , including the 5th and the 6th U.S. Colored Cavalry Regiments -- both of which had participated in the previous attempt to destroy the salt works during the First Battle of Saltville ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Around noon of December 17 , 1864 , Breckinridge 's men mounted their horses rode toward Marion . | [
"Around noon of December 17 , 1864 , Breckinridge 's men mounted their horses and rode towards Marion ."
] | [
"Before Giltner 's reinforcements arrived , Duke and his men counterattacked the Union line -- routing it and forcing a withdrawal ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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As the rest of Breckinridge 's troops began to arrive on the scene , General Stoneman 's men secured the high hill overlooking the river . | [
"As the rest of Breckinridge 's troops began to arrive on the scene , Stoneman 's soldiers secured elevated positions overlooking the river ."
] | [
"Union forces defeated and scattered Confederate troops the next day at Kingsport , Tennessee ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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Breckinridge ordered his field officers to make an inspection of the troops and to report back with the condition of his army . | [
"Breckinridge ordered his field officers to inspect the troops and to report back with the condition of his troops ."
] | [
"The court martial to consider the charges against Arnold began meeting on June 1 , 1779 , but was delayed until December 1779 by General Clinton 's capture of Stony Point , New York , throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Finding their own path to Saltville 's defenses blocked , Breckinridge and his men retreated further south , while the Union raiders advanced . | [
"Finding their own path to Saltville 's defenses blocked , Breckinridge and his men retreated further south , while a Union company advanced ."
] | [
"During the fighting in the second battle , Arnold , operating against Gates ' orders , took to the battlefield and led attacks on the British defenses ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Stoneman also sent two regiments of cavalry to destroy the lead mines and smelting facilities that were located about ten miles ( 16 km ) from Wytheville . | [
"Stoneman also sent two regiments of cavalry to destroy the lead mines and smelting facilities that were located about 10 m from Wytheville ."
] | [
"In spite of crippling casualties , Lee continued to skirmish with McClellan throughout September 18 , while removing his battered army south of the Potomac River ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Breckinridge 's army also included General Basil Duke 's cavalry , General George Cosby 's cavalry and Colonel Vincent Witcher and his 34th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry . | [
"It also included Basil Duke 's cavalry , Brig . Gen. George Cosby 's cavalry , and Col. Vincent Witcher 's 34th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry ."
] | [
"Forbes , however , was unwilling to set off across the river in the dark , so he sent only 20 more men , under the command of Henry Borrow , to reinforce Wilsonâ s patrol ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Meanwhile , General Stoneman sent some of his Tennessee regiments to Wytheville , Virginia to destroy anything that looked valuable . | [
"Meanwhile , Stoneman sent some of his Tennessee regiments to Wytheville to destroy anything that looked valuable ."
] | [
"By about 4 a.m. , they reached the main road near Seven Mile Ford , Virginia where Breckinridge halted to wait for daylight before continuing ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Seeing this , Colonel Giltner sent his regiment to reinforce Duke . | [
"Seeing this , Col. Giltner sent his regiment to reinforce Duke ."
] | [
"Another man lobbied to have the town named `` Oberly '' after himself ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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In the last few days before the march , 4 '' of rain fell , making travel difficult across the muddy roads . | [
"In the last few days before the march , 4 i of rain had fallen , leaving the roads muddy and travel difficult ."
] | [
"The rain washed sand piles from the dumping grounds away to the rivers again and again and made some of the rivers shallower , especially into the Sakawa , into which huge volumes of ash fell , resulting in temporary dams ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Natural disasters:"
} |
Shardik takes place in an imaginary region called the Beklan Empire . A lonely hunter , Kelderek , pursues Shardik , a giant bear . | [
"Adams 's second novel Shardik concerns a lonely hunter , Kelderek , who pursues Shardik , a giant bear he believes to embody the Power of God ; both of them become unwillingly drawn into the politics of an imaginary region called the Beklan Empire ."
] | [
"He had always existed , from the time of the epic of Gilgamesh , where he appears as Enkiddu , the wild-but-good man who lives with animals . Another instance is the untutored-but-noble medieval knight , Parsifal ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
It is thought that the first passerines evolved in the southern continent of Gondwana in the Paleogene , maybe around the Upper Paleocene some 60 â `` 55 mya . | [
"It is now thought that the first passerines evolved in Gondwana at some time in the Paleogene , maybe around the Late Paleocene some 60 â `` 55 mya ."
] | [
"Pakicetus is a genus of extinct terrestrial carnivorous mammal of the family Pakicetidae which was endemic to Pakistan from the Eocene ( 55.8 Â 0.2 â '' 40 Â 0.1 Ma ) . Pakicetus existed for approximately ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The early fossil record is poor because the first Passeriformes were on the small side , and their delicate bones did not preserve well . | [
"However , the early fossil record is poor because the first Passeriformes were apparently on the small side of the present size range , and their delicate bones did not preserve well ."
] | [
"Early fossil tetrapods have been found in marine sediments , and because fossils of primitive tetrapods in general are found scattered all around the world , they must have spread by following the coastal lines â '' they could not have lived in freshwater only ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
They are two species of about 10 and 20 cm in overall length . This proves that some 55 mya , barely into the early Eocene , early perching birds were recognizably distinct . | [
"QM specimens F20688 ( carpometacarpus ) and F24685 ( tibiotarsus ) from Murgon , Queensland are fossil bone fragments clearly recognizable as passeriform ; they represent two species of approximately 10 and 20 cm in overall length and prove that some 55 mya , barely into the Early Eocene , early perching birds wer... | [
"Most parts of the former Gondwana have ratites , or did have until the fairly recent past ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Animal biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Animal biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Cocoa butter is removed from the cacao beans and can be used to make chocolate , pharmaceuticals , ointments , and toiletries . Cocoa butter has a mild chocolate flavor and smell . | [
"Cocoa butter is obtained from either whole cacao beans or chocolate liquor ( also known as cocoa liquor ) ."
] | [
"Although white chocolate is made the same way as milk chocolate and dark chocolate , it lacks cocoa paste , liquor or powder ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Cocoa butter , also called theobroma oil , is the pale-yellow , pure vegetable fat of the cacao bean . | [
"Cocoa butter , also called theobroma oil or theobroma cacao , is a pale-yellow , pure edible vegetable fat extracted from the cacao bean ."
] | [
"Coenraad Johannes van Houten ( March 15 , 1801 , Amsterdam - 1887 , Weesp ) was a Dutch chemist and chocolate maker known for the treatment of cocoa mass with alkaline salts to remove the bitter taste and make cocoa solids more water-soluble ; the resulting product is still called `` Dutch process '' chocolate . H... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Agriculture:"
} |
Cocoa butter has a mild chocolate flavor and smell . | [
"Cocoa butter has a mild chocolate flavor and aroma ."
] | [
"Although white chocolate is made the same way as milk chocolate and dark chocolate , it lacks cocoa paste , liquor or powder ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Cocoa butter is removed from the cacao beans and can be used to make chocolate , pharmaceuticals , ointments , and toiletries . | [
"It is used to make chocolate , biscuits , baked goods , pharmaceuticals , ointments , and toiletries ."
] | [
"Seaweed is an ingredient in toothpaste , cosmetics and paints ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
It is used to make solid chocolate bars , and mixed with cocoa powder to make solid pieces of chocolate . Cocoa butter is removed from the cacao beans and can be used to make chocolate , pharmaceuticals , ointments , and toiletries . | [
"Milk and sugar are added to make white chocolate , but most of it is used to produce milk chocolate , some of which contains more cocoa butter than chocolate liquor ."
] | [
"Oils , whether they be in the form of butter , egg yolks , vegetable oils or lard are much more viscous than water and evaporate freely at a much higher temperature than water ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The old valveless horn could not play easily in B-flat minor . In fact , the only example found in 18th century music is a modulation in the first minuet of Franz Krommer 's Concertino in D major , Opus 80 . | [
"The old valveless horn was barely capable of playing in B-flat minor ; the only example found in 18th century music is a modulation that occurs in the first minuet of Franz Krommer 's Concertino in D major , Opus 80 ."
] | [
"Of a total of some 80 published compositions . nearly a half are currently available on CD , the most popular being the overture The Naiades Op 15 , the Chamber Trio Op 26 , and the Piano Concerto No. 4 , Op 19 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Music theory:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Music theory:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Tchaikovsky said that the oboe solo in B-flat minor in the second movement of his Symphony No. 4 was `` the feeling that you get when you are all alone '' . | [
"Some important oboe solos in this key in the orchestral literature include the second movement of Tchaikovsky 's Symphony No. 4 , which depicts `` the feeling that you get when you are all alone '' , in Tchaikovsky 's words . Tchaikovsky 's Piano Concerto No. 1 is also in B-flat minor ."
] | [
"The latter played Beethoven in Hugo 's home , and Hugo joked in a letter to a friend that thanks to Liszt 's piano lessons , he learned how to play a favorite song on the piano â `` even though only with one finger !"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
B-flat minor is often seen as a `` dark '' key . '' | [
"B-flat minor is traditionally a ` dark ' key . ''"
] | [
"The aria , `` Sorrow has become my lot '' , is also augmented by basset horn ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The University of Connecticut or sometimes refered to as UCONN for short is a public university in Storrs and Mansfield , Connecticut . | [
"The University of Connecticut ( UConn ) is a public research university in the U.S. state of Connecticut ."
] | [
"The University of Texas at San Antonio ( also referred to as UTSA ) is a state university located in San Antonio , Texas , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Count Telramund explains that the Duke of Brabant had recently died . As he lay dying , he had asked Telramund to look after his daughter Elsa and his son Gottfried . | [
"He calls upon the King to punish Elsa and to make him , Telramund , the new Duke of Brabant ."
] | [
"Gunther blames Siegfried 's death on Hagen , who replies that Siegfried had incurred the penalty of his false oath , and further , claims the ring on Siegfried 's finger by right of conquest . When Gunther objects , Hagen appeals to the vassals to support his claim ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Lohengrin prays that Elsa may get her lost brother back . The swan dives into the river and appears again in the form of Gottfried , Elsaâ s brother . | [
"Lohengrin prays that Elsa may recover her lost brother ; and indeed , the swan dives into the river and appears again in the form of young Gottfried , Elsa 's brother , who had been turned into the swan by Ortrud 's magic arts ."
] | [
"Ortrud , a pagan witch ( daughter of Radbod Duke of Frisia ) , tries to revive Telramund 's courage , assuring him that her people ( and he ) are destined to rule the kingdom again ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Ortrud is a heathen witch , the daughter of Radbod , the Duke of Frisia . She tries to make Telramund brave again . | [
"Ortrud , a pagan witch ( daughter of Radbod Duke of Frisia ) , tries to revive Telramund 's courage , assuring him that her people ( and he ) are destined to rule the kingdom again ."
] | [
"Lohengrin prays that Elsa may recover her lost brother ; and indeed , the swan dives into the river and appears again in the form of young Gottfried , Elsa 's brother , who had been turned into the swan by Ortrud 's magic arts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
He gets out of the boat , tells the swan that it can go , and then he greets the king . He asks Elsa if he can be her knight . | [
"He disembarks , dismisses the swan , respectfully greets the king , and asks Elsa if she will have him as her champion ."
] | [
"In the meantime , he goes to the grandmother 's house and gains entry by pretending to be the girl . He swallows the grandmother whole , and waits for the girl , disguised as the grandmother ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Liszt chose to conduct it on that particular day because 28 August was the birthday of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who had lived in Weimar . | [
"Liszt chose the date in honor of Weimar 's most famous citizen , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , who was born on 28 August 1749 ."
] | [
"He later continued studying in Vienna with Abbà Vogler ( Georg Joseph Vogler ) , founder of three important music schools ( in Mannheim , Stockholm , and Darmstadt ) ; another famous pupil of Vogler was Giacomo Meyerbeer , who became a close friend of Weber ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Telramund and four of his friends rush into the room to attack the knight , but Telramund is killed instead . | [
"Before the Knight can answer , Telramund and his four recruits rush into the room in order to attack him . The knight defeats and kills Telramund ."
] | [
"Ortrud , a pagan witch ( daughter of Radbod Duke of Frisia ) , tries to revive Telramund 's courage , assuring him that her people ( and he ) are destined to rule the kingdom again ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The Knight is very sad and tells Elsa they will now go to the King and he will tell him who he is . | [
"The King supports him too , and the Knight and Elsa enter the church together ."
] | [
"He tells her that the Cult of the Blue Priests have taken over the city and the people have taken refuge in the woods , he tells Deianeira to rule them well , and then dies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
It was first performed in Weimar , Germany on 28 August 1850 with Franz Liszt conducting . | [
"The first production of Lohengrin was in Weimar , Germany on 28 August 1850 at the Staatskapelle Weimar under the direction of Franz Liszt , a close friend and early supporter of Wagner ."
] | [
"He debuted as the Emperor Altoum in Puccini 's Turandot on 12 March 1987 at the age of 84 . He repeated the role the following season for a total of 14 performances ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
A boat , pulled by a swan , appears . A knight in shining armor stands in the boat . | [
"A boat drawn by a swan appears on the river and in it stands a knight in shining armor ."
] | [
"As Deianeira is crowned Queen of Troy we see Hercules thrown down from out of the sky , a man approaches him asking him for help , Hercules agrees and the two men walk off to the next adventure ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Elsa and her new husband enter to the well-known music called the Bridal Chorus . The couple say they love one another . | [
"Elsa and her new husband are ushered in with the well-known bridal chorus , and the couple express their love for each other ."
] | [
"Schigolch goes to buy train tickets . Left alone with Alwa , Lulu seduces him again , they declare their love for each other and agree to go away together ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
He tells the story of the Holy Grail and says that he is Lohengrin , Knight of the Holy Grail and son of King Parsifal . | [
"He tells the story of the Holy Grail , and reveals himself as Lohengrin , Knight of the Holy Grail and son of King Parsifal ."
] | [
"Ortrud , a pagan witch ( daughter of Radbod Duke of Frisia ) , tries to revive Telramund 's courage , assuring him that her people ( and he ) are destined to rule the kingdom again ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
This music is called the Bridal Chorus . It is also popularly known as Here comes the Bride . | [
"The most popular and recognizable part of the opera is the Bridal Chorus known better as `` Here Comes the Bride '' , played at weddings in the West ."
] | [
"The sixth child of eight children in a poor family , she began playing piano at age three ; the first song she learned was `` God Be With You , Till We Meet Again '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
He says that he will serve her , but he asks one thing : that she should never ask him what his name is or where he comes from . | [
"He asks but one thing in return for his service : she is never to ask him his name or where he has come from ."
] | [
"Meanwhile , Big Mama explains to Tod that his friendship with Copper can not continue , as they were bred to be enemies , but he refuses to believe her ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
He says that he now has to return to his home . He had only stayed so long so that he could prove that Elsa was innocent . | [
"The time for his return has arrived and he has only tarried to prove Elsa innocent ."
] | [
"Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Margaret Larner , who he later discovers to be the `` torch '' who helped him to be born so many years ago , and with whom he has been strangely linked since that day ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
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