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When Aeschylus first began writing , the theater was new . Some playwrights like Thespis had made the cast bigger to include an actor who was able to talk with the chorus . | [
"When Aeschylus first began writing , the theater had only just begun to evolve , although earlier playwrights like Thespis had already expanded the cast to include an actor who was able to interact with the chorus ."
] | [
"In the Commedia dell ` arte it was an outline of entrances , exits , and action describing the plot of a play that was literally pinned to the back of the scenery ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Fifty years after Aeschylus ' death , the comic playwright Aristophanes praised him in the The Frogs . | [
"Aeschylus 's popularity is evident in the praise the comic playwright Aristophanes gives him in The Frogs , produced some half-century after Aeschylus 's death ."
] | [
"Archaic and Classic Greek literature seem to make no further mention of Pandora , though Sophocles wrote a satyr play Pandora , or The Hammerers of which virtually nothing is known ."
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During Aeschylus ' lifetime , dramatic competitions became part of the City Dionysia in the spring . | [
"During Aeschylus 's lifetime , dramatic competitions became part of the City Dionysia in the spring ."
] | [
"However , the primary Hellenistic theatrical form was not tragedy but ` New Comedy ' , comic episodes about the lives of ordinary citizens ."
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When they walked on stage in the first performance of the Eumenides , the chorus of Furies were so frightening in looks that they made young children faint , old men urinate , and pregnant women go into labor . | [
"According to a later account of Aeschylus 's life , as they walked on stage in the first performance of the Eumenides , the chorus of Furies were so frightening in appearance that they caused young children to faint , patriarchs to urinate , and pregnant women to go into labor ."
] | [
"Shocked by the constant beating of the heart and a feeling that not only are the officers aware of the sound , but that they also suspect him , the narrator confesses to killing the old man and tells them to tear up the floorboards to reveal the body ."
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His family was rich , and his father , Euphorion , was a member of the Eupatridae , the ancient nobility of Attica . | [
"His family was wealthy and well established ; his father Euphorion was a member of the Eupatridae , the ancient nobility of Attica ."
] | [
"According to the Roman tradition , the oldest collection of Sibylline books appears to have been made about the time of Solon and Cyrus at Gergis on Mount Ida in the Troad ; it was attributed to the Hellespontine Sibyl and was preserved in the temple of Apollo at Gergis ."
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The festival began with an opening procession , then a competition of boys singing dithyrambs , and finally two dramatic competitions . | [
"The festival began with an opening procession , continued with a competition of boys singing dithyrambs , and culminated in a pair of dramatic competitions ."
] | [
"Most of the evidence comes from only a few vase paintings of the 5th century BC , such as one showing a mask of the god suspended from a tree with decorated robe hanging below it and dancing and the Pronomos vase , which depicts actors preparing for a Satyr play ."
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In 490 BC the Persian army , led by Darius , landed in Greece and tried to take it over . Aeschylus , and his brother Cynegeirus , joined the army from Athens and fought against the Persians at the Battle of Marathon . | [
"In 490 BC , Aeschylus and his brother Cynegeirus fought to defend Athens against Darius ' invading Persian army at the Battle of Marathon ."
] | [
"In order to consolidate its position , Elam tried to start a war between Hammurabi 's Babylonian kingdom and the kingdom of Larsa . Hammurabi and the king of Larsa made an alliance when they discovered this duplicity and were able to crush the Elamites , although Larsa did not contribute greatly to the military ef... | SimpleWiki | {
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Aeschylus is a character in the play and says that his Seven against Thebes `` made everyone watching it to love being warlike '' ( line 1022 ) ; with his Persians , he says he `` taught the Athenians to desire always to defeat their enemies '' ( line 1026-7 ) . | [
"Appearing as a character in the play , Aeschylus claims at line 1022 that his Seven against Thebes `` made everyone watching it to love being warlike '' ; with his Persians , Aeschylus claims at lines 1026-7 that he `` taught the Athenians to desire always to defeat their enemies . ''"
] | [
"In this version of the myth ( lines 60 â `` 105 ) , Hesiod expands upon her origin , and moreover widens the scope of the misery she inflicts on mankind ."
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Aeschylus ' work was so respected by the Athenians that after his death , his were the only tragedies allowed to be restaged in future competitions . | [
"Aeschylus 's work was so respected by the Athenians , that after his death his were the only tragedies allowed to be restaged in subsequent competitions ."
] | [
"Salamis holds a prominent place in The Persians , his oldest surviving play , which was performed in 472 BC and won first prize at the Dionysia ."
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Aeschylus added a second actor , allowing for more drama ; and the chorus became less important . | [
"Aeschylus added a second actor , allowing for greater dramatic variety , while the chorus played a less important role ."
] | [
"In the Commedia dell ` arte it was an outline of entrances , exits , and action describing the plot of a play that was literally pinned to the back of the scenery ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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People studying Greek history use his play as an important source of information . | [
"His play The Persians is a source of information about this period in Greek history ."
] | [
"This is in marked contrast to Herodotus , who frequently mentions multiple versions of his stories and allows the reader to decide which is true ."
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The first competition was for three playwrights each presenting three tragic plays , followed by a shorter comedy . | [
"The first competition Aeschylus would have participated in , consisted of three playwrights each presenting three tragic plays followed by a shorter comedic satyr play ."
] | [
"While studying there , at age 19 , he entered a competition for short story writing and won a prize ."
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All of the surviving plays won first prize at the City Dionysia . One book , the Alexandrian Life of Aeschylus , said that he won the first prize at the City Dionysia 13 times . | [
"The Alexandrian Life of Aeschylus claims that he won the first prize at the City Dionysia thirteen times ."
] | [
"Archaic and Classic Greek literature seem to make no further mention of Pandora , though Sophocles wrote a satyr play Pandora , or The Hammerers of which virtually nothing is known ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Aeschylus was one of many Greeks who joined the Eleusinian Mysteries . This was the religious cult to Demeter , and based in his home town of Eleusis . | [
"Aeschylus was one of many Greeks who had been initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries , a cult to Demeter based in his hometown of Eleusis ."
] | [
"After the Great Destruction of Athens by the Persian Empire in 480 BC , the town and acropolis were rebuilt , and theater became formalized and an even more major part of Athenian culture and civic pride ."
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He says that his plays helped the Athenians to be brave and virtuous ( line 1039ff ) . | [
"Aeschylus goes on to say at lines 1039ff . that his plays inspired the Athenians to be brave and virtuous ."
] | [
"Angels , who arrive as messengers of divine mercy , declare at the end of Act V : `` He who strives on and lives to strive \\/ Can earn redemption still '' ( V , 11936 â `` 7 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Cynegeirus died in the battle . | [
"Although Athens was victorious , Cynegeirus died in the battle ."
] | [
"He died in Paris ."
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Members were sworn under the penalty of death not to say anything about the Mysteries to anyone . | [
"Firm details of specific rites are sparse , as members were sworn under the penalty of death not to reveal anything about the Mysteries to non-initiates ."
] | [
"She complained that a standard witness oath would conflict with an oath she had previously sworn to maintain confidentiality about meetings with her king ."
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Other writers said that an angry mob tried to kill Aeschylus on the spot , but he ran away . | [
"Other sources claim that an angry mob tried to kill Aeschylus on the spot , but he fled the scene ."
] | [
"As the gunman approached , Maria stood and struggled with Ermakov as he tried to stab her . The jewels in her clothing shielded her , and Ermakov claimed that he killed her with a shot to the head ."
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Greek drama began with festivals for the gods , mainly Dionysus , the god of wine . | [
"The roots of Greek drama are in religious festivals for the gods , chiefly Dionysus , the god of wine ."
] | [
"In ancient times , dolls were used as representations of a deity , and played a central role in religious ceremonies and rituals ."
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Aeschylus also added more details to the costumes , and had his actors wear platform boots , called cothurni , to help the audience see them better . | [
"Aeschylus is also said to have made the costumes more elaborate and dramatic , and having his actors wear platform boots ( cothurni ) to make them more visible to the audience ."
] | [
"They enabled an actor to appear and reappear in several different roles , thus preventing the audience from identifying the actor to one specific character ."
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He is said to have been the first to use skenographia , or scene-decoration , but Aristotle said the first person was Sophocles . | [
"He is sometimes credited with introducing skenographia , or scene-decoration , though Aristotle gives this distinction to Sophocles ."
] | [
"Because of these , Thespis is often called the `` Father of Tragedy '' ; however , his importance is disputed , and Thespis is sometimes listed as late as 16th in the chronological order of Greek tragedians ; the statesman Solon , for example , is credited with creating poems in which characters speak with their o... | SimpleWiki | {
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His sons Euphorion and Euà on , and his nephew Philocles , all wrote plays as well . | [
"His sons Euphorion and Euà on and his nephew Philocles also become playwrights ."
] | [
"By Neoptolemus , she was the mother of Molossus , and according to Pausanias , of Pielus and Pergamus ."
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Aeschylus took part in many of these competitions in his lifetime . | [
"Aeschylus entered many of these competitions in his lifetime , and various ancient sources attribute between seventy and ninety plays to him ."
] | [
"His play The Persians is a source of information about this period in Greek history ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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His oldest surviving play The Persians , performed in 472 BC , is set during the Battle of Salamis . This play won first prize at the Dionysia . | [
"Salamis holds a prominent place in The Persians , his oldest surviving play , which was performed in 472 BC and won first prize at the Dionysia ."
] | [
"Aeschylus 's popularity is evident in the praise the comic playwright Aristophanes gives him in The Frogs , produced some half-century after Aeschylus 's death ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 480 BC , Xerxes I of Persia , tried to capture Greece . Aeschylus fought against them at the Battle of Salamis and at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC . | [
"In 480 , Aeschylus was called into military service again , this time against Xerxes ' invading forces at the Battle of Salamis , and perhaps , too , at the Battle of Plataea in 479 ."
] | [
"It was Ardashir , however , who emerged victorious in that battle ."
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On one these trips he wrote The Women of Aetna , in honor of the city founded by Hieron . He also restaged his Persians . | [
"Aeschylus traveled to Sicily once or twice in the 470s BC , having been invited by Hiero I of Syracuse , a major Greek city on the eastern side of the island ; and during one of these trips he produced The Women of Aetna ( in honor of the city founded by Hieron ) and restaged his Persians ."
] | [
"Boxing was among the contests held in memorial of Achilles ' slain friend Patroclus , toward the end of the Trojan war ."
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A second competition of five comedic playwrights followed , and the winners of both competitions were chosen by a group of judges . | [
"A second competition of five comedic playwrights followed , and the winners of both competitions were chosen by a panel of judges ."
] | [
"While studying there , at age 19 , he entered a competition for short story writing and won a prize ."
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It has a V-shaped molecular structure like H2O , but has different properties . It is a strong oxidizer . | [
"As predicted by VSEPR theory , the molecule adopts a `` V '' shaped structure like H2O , but it has very different properties , being a strong oxidizer ."
] | [
"Thallium ( III ) hydroxide is a very weak base ; it is changed to thallium ( III ) ion , Tl3 + , only in strongly acid conditions ."
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OF2 reacts with many metals . It produces oxides and fluorides . | [
"OF2 reacts with many metals to yield oxides and fluorides ."
] | [
"Sodium amide reacts violently with water to produce ammonia and sodium hydroxide and will burn in air to give oxides of sodium and nitrogen ."
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Nowadays , it is prepared by the reaction of fluorine with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide . Sodium fluoride is left as a side-product : | [
"The modern preparation entails the reaction of fluorine with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide , with sodium fluoride as a side-product :"
] | [
"The neutrality of such solutions reflects the fact that Na2SO4 is derived , formally speaking , from the strong acid sulfuric acid and a strong base sodium hydroxide . Sodium sulfate reacts with an equivalent amount of sulfuric acid to give an equilibrium concentration of the acid salt sodium bisulfate :"
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Above 200 Â C , OF2 decomposes to oxygen and fluorine . | [
"Above 200 Â C , OF2 decomposes to oxygen and fluorine via a radical mechanism ."
] | [
"Nonmetals also react : phosphorus reacts with OF2 to form PF5 and POF3 ; sulfur gives SO2 and SF4 ; and unusually for a noble gas , xenon reacts , yielding XeF4 and xenon oxyfluorides ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Oxygen difluoride was first prepared in 1929 . It was made by the electrolysis of molten potassium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid . | [
"Oxygen difluoride was first reported in 1929 ; it was obtained by the electrolysis of molten potassium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid containing small quantities of water ."
] | [
"Cadmium bromide is prepared by heating cadmium with bromine vapor . Also the compound can be prepared by the treatment of dry cadmium acetate with glacial acetic acid and acetyl bromide ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Phosphorus reacts with OF2 to form PF5 and POF3 . Sulfur produces SO2 and SF4 with it . | [
"Nonmetals also react : phosphorus reacts with OF2 to form PF5 and POF3 ; sulfur gives SO2 and SF4 ; and unusually for a noble gas , xenon reacts , yielding XeF4 and xenon oxyfluorides ."
] | [
"The other halogens do not form halides with tellurium in the +6 oxidation state , but only tetrahalides ( ( ( Tellurium tetrachloride ) ) , ( ( Tellurium tetrabromide ) ) and ( ( Tellurium tetraiodide ) ) ) in the +4 state , and other lower halides ( , , , and two forms of ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is a very powerful oxidizing agent . This is proved by the oxidation number of +2 for the oxygen atom . | [
"Its powerful oxidizing properties are suggested by the oxidation number of +2 for the oxygen atom , which is unusual ."
] | [
"is +1.92 V , beyond that for chlorine to chloride , +1.36 V. As a consequence cobalt ( III ) and chloride would result in the cobalt ( III ) being reduced to cobalt ( II ) . Since the reduction potential for fluorine to fluoride is so high , +2.87 V , cobalt ( III ) fluoride is one of the few simple stable cobalt ... | SimpleWiki | {
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The Virginia Opossum ( Didelphis virginiana ) , sometimes called a possum , is a marsupial . There are lots of marsupials in Australia , but the Virginia Opossum is the only North American marsupial . | [
"The Virginia Opossum ( Didelphis virginiana ) , commonly known as the North American Opossum or Tlacuache in Mexico , is the only marsupial found in North America north of Mexico ."
] | [
"Goodfellow 's Tree-kangaroo ( Dendrolagus goodfellowi ) , also called the Ornate Tree Kangaroo , belongs to the family Macropodidae , which includes kangaroos , wallabies and their relatives , and the genus Dendrolagus , with eleven other species ."
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Spencer Pratt ( born August 14 , 1983 in Los Angeles , USA ) is an television personality currently a star on MTVs The Hills . | [
"Spencer William Pratt ( born August 14 , 1983 ) is an American television personality known for role on MTV 's The Hills along with his wife Heidi Montag ."
] | [
"Judith Chapman ( born Judith Shepard on November 15 , 1945 in Greenville , South Carolina ) is an actress known to fans of American daytime television ."
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Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis which may have caused the Black Plague , the Variola virus , and the malarial protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties . | [
"Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis which may have caused the Black Plague , the Variola virus , and the Malaria protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups ."
] | [
"Diseases caused by apicomplexan organisms include , but are not limited to :"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ascomycota is a phylum of fungi ( kingdom Fungi ) , members are commonly known as the Sac Fungi , characterized by a saclike structure , the ascus , which contains four to eight ascospores in the sexual stage . | [
"Its members are commonly known as the Sac fungi ."
] | [
"Sporangia , also known as sporanges ( sing . , sporange ) , can produce spores by mitosis , but in nearly all land plants and many fungi , sporangia are the site of meiosis and produce genetically unique haploid spores ."
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Hambers is a commune of 548 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Hambers is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Benoist-sur-Mer is a commune ( or Saint-Benectict-super-mare ) in the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
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Mengà lvio Pedro Figueirà ( born 17 December , 1939 ) is a former Brazilian football player . | [
"Mengà lvio Pedro Figueirà ( born 17 December 1939 in Laguna , Santa Catarina ) , nicknamed Mengà lvio , is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a midfielder ."
] | [
"Osmar Donizete CÃ cents ndido , best known as Donizete ( born 24 October 1968 in Brazil ) is a former Brazilian football player ."
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Anna Maria is a city of Florida in the United States . | [
"Anna Maria is located at ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
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Imelda Marcos ( born Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez on July 2 , 1929 ) is a Filipino government person and wife of 10th Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos . | [
"Imelda R. Marcos ( born Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez on July 2 , 1929 ) is a Filipino politician and wife of 10th Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos ."
] | [
"Benigno Simeon `` Noynoy '' Cojuangco Aquino III was born on February 8 , 1960 in Manila . He is the third of the five children of Benigno Aquino , Jr. , who was then the Vice Governor of Tarlac province , and Corazon Aquino ."
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Her nicknames are Steel Butterfly or Iron Butterfly . | [
"She is sometimes referred to as the Steel Butterfly or the Iron Butterfly ."
] | [
"His four younger sons are distinguished from one another by the nicknames `` Monk '' , `` Big Wheel '' , `` Red '' , and `` Little Joey '' ."
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3 Doors Down is a American Alternative rock band . They formed in 1994 in Escatawpa , Mississippi . | [
"3 Doors Down is an American rock band from Escatawpa , Mississippi , formed in 1996 ."
] | [
"The Hush Sound is an indie quartet originating in DuPage County , Illinois , United States ."
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The members of the group are Brad Arnold , the singer , Matt Roberts , who plays the lead guitar and backing vocals , Chris Henderson , who plays the rhythm guitar , Todd Harrell who plays the bass guitar and Greg Upchurch , who plays the drums . | [
"The band consists of Brad Arnold ( vocals ) , Matt Roberts ( guitar\\/vocals ) , Todd Harrell ( bass ) , Chris Henderson ( guitar ) , and Greg Upchurch ( drums\\/percussion ) ."
] | [
"The Gaslight Anthem is an American rock band from New Brunswick , New Jersey , consisting of Brian Fallon ( lead vocals , guitar ) , Alex Rosamilia ( guitar , backing vocals ) , Alex Levine ( bass guitar , backing vocals ) and Benny Horowitz ( drums , percussion , tambourine ) ."
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Bristol is a city of Virginia in the United States . | [
"Bristol is an independent city in Virginia , bounded by Washington County , Virginia , Bristol , Tennessee , and Sullivan County , Tennessee ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
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This organ is usually called electric organ . It is usually located near the tail of the fish . | [
"Typically this organ is located in the tail of the electric fish ."
] | [
"Since the music is hard-coded onto the barrel , the only way for a barrel organ to play a different set of tunes is to replace the barrel with another one ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Fishes that can generate such fields are said to be electrogenic , those that can detect them are called electroreceptive . | [
"It is said to be electrogenic ; a fish that has the ability to detect electric fields is said to be electroreceptive ."
] | [
"They are sensory organs , although the exact nature of what they sense and how they sense it is not the same in all groups , nor always clear ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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An Electric fish is a fish that can make electric fields . | [
"An electric fish is a fish that can generate electric fields ."
] | [
"The Tesla coil can also be used for wireless transmission ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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When the organ produces electricity that is released this is called Electric Organ Discharge ( or EOD for short ) . | [
"The electrical output of the organ is called the electric organ discharge ( EOD ) ."
] | [
"It is said to be electrogenic ; a fish that has the ability to detect electric fields is said to be electroreceptive ."
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Most bony fish are neither electrogenic nor electroreceptive . | [
"Most common bony fish ( teleosts ) , including most fish kept in aquaria or caught for food , are neither electrogenic nor electroreceptive ."
] | [
"There are a number of terrestrial and amphibious limbless vertebrates and invertebrates ."
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Many fish , for example sharks , rays , and catfishes are electroreceptive . They can not generate electric fields though , and are therefore not classified as electric fish . | [
"Many fish such as sharks , rays and catfishes can detect electric fields , and are thus electroreceptive , but as they can not generate an electric field they are not classified as electric fish ."
] | [
"They are sensory organs , although the exact nature of what they sense and how they sense it is not the same in all groups , nor always clear ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Most electrogenic fish are also electroreceptive . | [
"All fish that are electrogenic are also electroreceptive ."
] | [
"The mantle cavity functions as a respiratory chamber in most molluscs ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The University of Texas at El Paso is a public university in El Paso , Texas , United States . | [
"The University of Texas El Paso ( also referred to as UT El Paso or UTEP ) is a public , coeducational university , and a component of the University of Texas System . It is located on the northern bank of the Rio Grande in El Paso , Texas ."
] | [
"Socorro is a city in El Paso County , Texas , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Guwahati is the largest city in the north eastern region of India . | [
"Guwahati is the most important trade hub in the North Eastern Region ."
] | [
"Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Surjoux is a commune . | [
"Surjoux is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | [
"Staicele is a town in Latvia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It contains ( has in it ) many organs . Some of the organs in the abdomen are : | [
"The abdomen contains most of the tubelike organs of the digestive tract , as well as several solid organs ."
] | [
"This bill is composed of several horny plates , and along the sides are the two `` tubes '' , long nostrils that give the order its former name ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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If Germany had gained air superiority , Adolf Hitler might have launched Operation Sea Lion , a planned amphibious and airborne invasion of Britain . | [
"If Germany had gained air superiority , Adolf Hitler might have launched Operation Sea Lion , an amphibious and airborne invasion of Britain ."
] | [
"In 1940 , the Fallschirmjà ger ( paratroops ) conquered the vital Belgian Fort Eben-Emael and took part in the airborne invasion of Norway , but after suffering heavy losses in the Battle of Crete , large scale airdrops were discontinued ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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From July 1940 coastal shipping convoys and shipping centres , such as Portsmouth , were the main targets . A month later the Luftwaffe shifted its attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure ( other useful war targets ) . | [
"From July 1940 coastal shipping convoys and shipping centres , such as Portsmouth , were the main targets ; one month later the Luftwaffe shifted its attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure ."
] | [
"However , the core of Dowding 's system was implemented by Dowding himself : the use of Radio Direction Finding ( RDF , later called radar , for radio detection and ranging ) was at his behest , and its use , supplemented by information by the ROC , was crucial to the RAF 's ability to efficiently intercept incomi... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Battle of Britain is the name given to the air campaign waged by the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe ) against Britain during the summer and autumn of 1940 . | [
"The Battle of Britain ( German : Luftschlacht um England or Luftschlacht um Groà britannien , literally `` Air battle for England '' or `` Air battle for Great Britain '' ) is the name given to the Second World War air campaign waged by the German Air Force ( Luftwaffe ) against the United Kingdom during the summe... | [
"The motorized formations received much attention in the world press in the opening years of the war , and were cited as the reason for the success of the German invasions of Poland ( September 1939 ) , Norway and Denmark ( April 1940 ) , Belgium , France and Netherlands ( May 1940 ) , Yugoslavia ( April 1941 ) and... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The keystone of the British defense was the detection , command , and control which ran the battle . | [
"The keystone of the British defense was the complex infrastructure of detection , command , and control that ran the battle ."
] | [
"When it did , limited resources â '' both monetary and equipment â '' required production controls as extensive as in the capitalist world ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On 27 September , a Junkers Ju 88 returning from a raid on London was shot down in Kent , the last action between British and foreign military forces on British mainland soil . | [
"On 27 September , a Junkers Ju 88 returning from a raid on London was shot down in Kent , resulting in the Battle of Graveney Marsh , the last action between British and foreign military forces on British mainland soil ."
] | [
"On April 1 , 1944 , Schaffhausen suffered a bombing raid by United States Army Air Forces aircraft which strayed from German airspace into neutral Switzerland due to navigation errors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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The core of Dowding 's system was the use of Radio Direction Finding ( RDF , later called radar , for radio detection and ranging ) . | [
"However , the core of Dowding 's system was implemented by Dowding himself : the use of Radio Direction Finding ( RDF , later called radar , for radio detection and ranging ) was at his behest , and its use , supplemented by information by the ROC , was crucial to the RAF 's ability to efficiently intercept incomi... | [
"A Wild Weasel is an aircraft ( usually United States Air Force ) specially equipped with radar seeking missiles , and tasked with destroying the radars and SAM installations of enemy air defense systems ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Radar operators were linked via telephone ( whose wires were laid deep underground with concrete anti-bomb protection ) p47 to an operational center . This center was Fighter Command control at Bentley Priory . | [
"He also insisted on having the radar operators linked via telephone ( whose wires were laid deep underground with concrete anti-bomb protection ) to an operational center : this was Fighter Command control at Bentley Priory ."
] | [
"Defense tactics were planned using telescopes and plotters mounted in the middle of the second gun pit ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The failure of Nazi Germany to achieve its objectives of destroying Britain 's air defences , or forcing Britain to negotiate an armistice or an outright surrender , is considered its first major defeat and one of the crucial turning points in the war . | [
"The failure of Germany to achieve its objectives of destroying Britain 's air defences , or forcing Britain to negotiate an armistice or an outright surrender , is considered its first major defeat and one of the crucial turning points in the war ."
] | [
"He has been criticized for his failures to facilitate negotiation in the Berlin Blockade , as well as his failure to bring about a swifter end to the Korean War ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Military history:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Military history:",
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This version was capable of a maximum speed of 342 mph , some 25 to 30 mph faster than the Mk I. | [
"This version was capable of a maximum speed of 342 mph , some 25 to 30 mph faster than the Mk I. The performance of the Spitfire over Dunkirk came as a surprise to the Jagdwaffe , although the German pilots retained a strong belief that the 109 was the superior fighter ."
] | [
"Karts vary widely in speed and some ( known as Superkarts ) can reach speeds exceeding 160 m , while go-karts intended for the general public in amusement parks may be limited to speeds of no more than 15 m. A KF1 kart , with a 125 cc 2-stroke engine and an overall weight including the driver of 150 kilograms has ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Luftwaffes Messerschmitt Bf 109E and 110C squared up against the RAF 's workhorse Hurricane Mk I and the less numerous Spitfire Mk I. The Bf 109E had a better climb rate and was 10 to 30 mph faster than the Hurricane , depending on altitude . | [
"The Luftwaffes Messerschmitt Bf 109E and Bf 110C squared off against the RAF 's workhorse Hurricane Mk I and the less numerous Spitfire Mk I. The Bf 109E had a better climb rate and was 10 to 30 mph faster than the Hurricane , depending on altitude ."
] | [
"Although the DFV ( bore : 3.373 i , stroke : 2.555 i , displacement : 2992.98 c ) with 410 b at 9,000 rpm did not produce as much power as some of its rival 12-cylinder engines , it was lighter , resulting in a better power to weight ratio ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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The first objective of the campaign was to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) , especially Fighter Command . | [
"The objective of the campaign was to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) , especially Fighter Command ."
] | [
"However , the core of Dowding 's system was implemented by Dowding himself : the use of Radio Direction Finding ( RDF , later called radar , for radio detection and ranging ) was at his behest , and its use , supplemented by information by the ROC , was crucial to the RAF 's ability to efficiently intercept incomi... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Military history:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Military history:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The German defeat caused Hitler to order , two days later , the `` postponement '' of preparations for the invasion of Britain . | [
"The German defeat caused Hitler to order , two days later , the postponement of preparations for the invasion of Britain ."
] | [
"From his death bed , Howard returned to France via Switzerland and shared his vital data and secrets with the French government : the Germans were not opening a new front in the Alps and there was no need to move allied troops away from the Western Front ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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12 Group 's Big Wing took twenty minutes to gain formation , missing its intended target , but encountering another formation of bombers while still climbing . | [
"The first official deployment of 12 Group 's Big Wing took twenty minutes to gain formation , missing its intended target , but encountering another formation of bombers while still climbing ."
] | [
"However the escort was disabled en route and failed to make the destination , and one convict ship which was delayed arrived two months after the other ships ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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p266 In September 1940 the more powerful Mk IIa series 1 Hurricanes started entering service although only in small numbers . | [
"In September 1940 the more powerful Mk IIa series 1 Hurricanes started entering service although only in small numbers ."
] | [
"This version was capable of a maximum speed of 342 mph , some 25 to 30 mph faster than the Mk I. The performance of the Spitfire over Dunkirk came as a surprise to the Jagdwaffe , although the German pilots retained a strong belief that the 109 was the superior fighter ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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This was the ` Dowding System ' , after its chief architect , Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding , the leader of RAF Fighter Command . | [
"This was the `` Dowding System '' , after its chief architect , Air Chief Marshal Sir H.C.T. `` Stuffy '' Dowding , and the leader of RAF Fighter Command ."
] | [
"George had two sisters and a younger brother Trafford Leigh-Mallory , the World War II Royal Air Force commander ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The RAF 11 Group rose to meet them , in greater numbers than the Luftwaffe expected . | [
"The RAF anticipated attacks on airfields and 11 Group rose to meet them , in greater numbers than the Luftwaffe expected ."
] | [
"No aircraft carrier was operational , as German leadership lost interest in the which had been launched in 1938 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Military history:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Military history:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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The game was a best seller for the Atari 2600 , with over 4 million copies sold . | [
"It is one of the best selling games ever made for the Atari 2600 , with over 4 million copies sold ."
] | [
"The Atari 5200 did not fare well commercially , compared to its predecessor , the Atari 2600 . Among the criticisms raised towards the initial version of the Atari 5200 is that it is fully incompatible with the software library of the Atari 2600 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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is a 1982 platforming video game made by Activision for Atari 2600 , Atari 5200 , Atari 8-bit , ColecoVision , Commodore 64 , Intellivision and the Sega SG-1000 . | [
"is a video game released by Activision for the Atari 2600 in 1982 ."
] | [
"The Atari 5200 SuperSystem , or simply the Atari 5200 , is a video game console that was introduced in 1982 by Atari Inc. as a higher end complimentary console for the popular Atari 2600 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
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In the game the player has to maneuver a character who is known as Harry through a maze-like jungle where he has to attempt to recover 32 treasures in a 20-minute time period while he avoid many hazards including pits , quicksand , rolling logs , fire , rattlesnakes , scorpions , and crocodiles . | [
"The player must maneuver a character known as Pitfall Harry through a maze-like jungle in an attempt to recover 32 treasures in a 20-minute time period . Along the way , he must negotiate numerous hazards , including pits , quicksand , rolling logs , fire , rattlesnakes , scorpions , and crocodiles ."
] | [
"Sliding on ice makes Tux go faster , while sliding on snow allows for more maneuverability and sliding on rocky patches will slow Tux down . There are also trees to block Tux 's path and flags for sake of marking out the course ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Putna is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania . | [
"Putna is a commune in Suceava County , in the Moldavia region of Romania ."
] | [
"Boroaia is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Geography:"
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Acy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Acy is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Belleu is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Tetsuo Sugamata ( born 29 November 1957 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Tetsuo Sugamata ( born November 29 , 1957 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Kim Wi-Man ( born June 23 , 1979 ) is a former North Korean football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Saint-L Ã on , Gironde is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Saint-L Ã on is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Civrac-en-M Ã doc is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:"
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The Leeds Kirkgate Market , often known as the Leeds City Market or simply the Kirkgate Markets is a large market hall in Leeds , West Yorkshire . The original markets was the birthplace of Marks & Spencer . | [
"In the late 19th century , Kirkgate Market was the founding location of Marks & Spencer which opened in Leeds Market as a penny bazaar ."
] | [
"Leeds ' stadium Elland Road is an all-seater football stadium situated in the Beeston area of the city of Leeds , West Yorkshire , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
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There are 800 stalls and the market attracts over 100,000 visitors a week . | [
"There are 800 stalls and Kirkgate market attracts over 100,000 visitors a week ."
] | [
"It takes place at the Punchestown Racecourse in County Kildare , Ireland and has an average attendance of around 90,000 a day , with around 80,000 of these camping on site for the duration , and the rest traveling to the site each day ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Leeds Kirkgate Market , often known as the Leeds City Market or simply the Kirkgate Markets is a large market hall in Leeds , West Yorkshire . | [
"Leeds Kirkgate Market is a market in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England located on Vicar Lane ."
] | [
"Leeds ' stadium Elland Road is an all-seater football stadium situated in the Beeston area of the city of Leeds , West Yorkshire , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Bruyà res-sur-F à re is a commune . | [
"Bruyà res-sur-F à re is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Grà cents ce-Hollogne is a municipality of Belgium ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Cys-la-Commune is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Cys-la-Commune is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Geography:"
} |
Garegin Njdeh ( , real name : Garegin Ter-Harutiunian , 1 January 1886 - late 1955 ) was an Armenian statesman , military , and political thinker . | [
"Garegin Njdeh or Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan , Garegin Nzhdeh ( 1 January 1886 , Nakhijevan -- 21 December 1955 , Vladimir , Soviet Union ) was an Armenian statesman , fedayee , political thinker , and , as a member of the A.R.F. Dashnaktsutyun party , was involved in revolutionary activities in Armenia , Bulgaria and... | [
"Vahan Hovhannesi Totovents ( ; September 1 1889 - July 17 1937 ) was an Armenian writer , poet and public activist ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
From 1923 to 2008 , the Yankees home stadium had been Yankee Stadium . | [
"To celebrate the final year and history of Yankee Stadium , the 2008 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played there on July 15 , 2008 . The final regular-season game at Yankee Stadium was played on September 21 , 2008 against Baltimore , the city from which both the Yankees and their great star Babe Ruth ori... | [
"The division existed for 19 seasons until 1993 . It was named in honor of Conn Smythe ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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The New York Yankees are a Major League Baseball team from New York City . | [
"The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of the Bronx , in New York City , New York . They belong to Major League Baseball 's American League East Division ."
] | [
"The Boston Celtics are a National Basketball Association ( NBA ) team based in Boston , Massachusetts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The New York Yankees ' main rival is the Boston Red Sox . | [
"The Yankees â `` Red Sox rivalry is one of the oldest , most famous and fiercest rivalries in North American professional sports . For over 100 years , Boston Red Sox and the Yankees have been intense rivals ."
] | [
"The only player who still wears # 42 is Mariano Rivera of the New York Yankees ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Currently , they are playing at their new Yankee Stadium . | [
"In 2009 , they moved into a new stadium , also called `` Yankee Stadium '' ."
] | [
"Since then , Brandon Barnes is continuing to play in Rise Against ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Jackson Township is a township found in Will County , Illinois . | [
"Jackson Township is located in Will County , Illinois ."
] | [
"Effingham is a township in Effingham County , Illinois , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Ploufragan is a commune . It is found in the region Bretagne in the CÃ tes-d ` Armor department in the west of France . | [
"Ploufragan is a commune in the CÃ tes-d ` Armor department in Bretagne in north-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Quay-Portrieux is a commune in the CÃ tes-d ` Armor department in Bretagne in north-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
The class was gradually taken of service from the early 1980s . | [
"The class was gradually taken out of service from the early 1980s ."
] | [
"The genre in its current form dates back to the early 1950s ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Transportation:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Transportation:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Atsuhiro Miura ( born 24 June 1974 ) is a Japanese football player . | [
"Atsuhiro Miura ( ä æ æ å , born 24 June 1974 in Å ita , Japan ) is a Japanese football midfielder ."
] | [
"Takashi Sambonsuge ( born June 5 , 1978 ) is a Japanese football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Sports:"
} |
Collins John ( born 17 October 1985 ) is a Dutch football player . | [
"Collins John ( born October 17 , 1985 in Zwedru ) is a Liberian-born Dutch footballer ."
] | [
"Hogan Phillip Ephraim ( born 31 March 1988 ) is an English football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The state capital is Hartford , and the other major cities include New Haven , New London , New Britain , Norwich , Milford , Norwalk , Stamford , Waterbury , Danbury , and Bridgeport . | [
"The state capital is Hartford , and the other major cities ( by population ) include Bridgeport , New Haven , Stamford , Waterbury , Norwalk , Danbury , New Britain and Bristol ."
] | [
"Virtually all Urban contemporary formatted radio stations are located in cities that have sizeable African-American populations , such as Los Angeles , New York City , Atlanta , Dallas , Houston , Chicago , Fayetteville , North Carolina , Charlotte , and Norfolk , Virginia , etc."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The first explorer from Europe to come to Connecticut was Adriaen Block , from the Netherlands . | [
"The first European explorer in Connecticut was the Dutch explorer Adriaen Block ."
] | [
"The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman , the first recorded European to encounter New Zealand and Tasmania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
In all , there are a total of 169 towns in Connecticut . | [
"There are 169 incorporated towns in Connecticut ."
] | [
"As of 2009 , over 145,000 people live within the city 's area ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
This irregularity in the boundary is the result of territorial disputes in the late 1600s , culminating with New York giving up its claim to this area , whose residents considered themselves part of Connecticut , in exchange for an equivalent area extending northwards from Ridgefield , Connecticut to the Massachusetts border as well as undisputed claim to Rye , New York . | [
"This irregularity in the boundary is the result of territorial disputes in the late 17th century , culminating with New York giving up its claim to the area , whose residents considered themselves part of Connecticut , in exchange for an equivalent area extending northwards from Ridgefield to the Massachusetts bor... | [
"The British government issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the war , forbidding white settlements beyond the Appalachian Mountains , but this proclamation was largely ignored by the settlers , and the Iroquois agreed to adjust this line again at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix ( 1768 ) , whereby they sold the B... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
According to a 1650 agreement with the Dutch , the western boundary of Connecticut ran north from the west side of Greenwich Bay `` provided the said line come not within 10 miles ( 16 km ) of Hudson River . '' | [
"According to the Hartford Treaty with the Dutch , signed on September 19 , 1650 , but never ratified by the British , the western boundary of Connecticut ran north from Greenwich Bay for a distance of 20 miles `` provided the said line come not within 10 m ( 16 km ) of Hudson River ."
] | [
"The trail remained intact until 1802 , when part of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike was chartered over it `` for improving and making a road from the west line of the Town of Salisbury in the State of Connecticut to the Susquehannah River at or near the Town of Jericho ( present-day Bainbridge ) '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
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