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In 1950 , the United Nations created the WMO for meteorology ( weather and climate ) , operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences . | [
"Established in 1950 , WMO became the specialised agency of the United Nations for meteorology ( weather and climate ) , operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences ."
] | [
"A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre ( also Regional Specialized Meteorological Center and Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre ) is responsible for the distribution of information , advisories , and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of , agreed by consensus at the World Meteor... | SimpleWiki | {
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Its headquarters are located in Geneva , Switzerland . | [
"It has its headquarters in Geneva , Switzerland ."
] | [
"The organization was founded by Fred Kilgour , and its head office is located in Dublin , Ohio , U.S."
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It was originally known as the International Meteorological Organization ( IMO ) , which was founded in 1873 . | [
"It originated from the International Meteorological Organization ( IMO ) , which was founded in 1873 ."
] | [
"It was eventually formalized in an agreement between the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) and the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) in 2001 ."
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The World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) is an international organization with a membership of 188 Member States and Territories . | [
"The World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories ."
] | [
"The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs ( UNOOSA ) is an organization of the General Assembly charged with implementing the Assembly 's outer space-related policies . It is located in the United Nations Office in Vienna ."
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The current president is Alexander Bedritsky and the current Secretary-General is Michel Jarraud , who were both elected by the 14th World Meteorological Congress in 2003 . | [
"The current president is Alexander Bedritsky and the current Secretary-General is Michel Jarraud ."
] | [
"On 23 May 2009 he was re-elected by the Federal Assembly , and was sworn into office for a second term on 1 July 2009 ."
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James VI and I ( 19 June 1566 â `` 27 March 1625 ) was King of Scotland as James VI , and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He was the first to call himself King of Great Britain . He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 until his death . | [
"James VI & I ( 19 June 1566 â `` 27 March 1625 ) was King of Scots as James VI from 24 July 1567 ."
] | [
"Elizabeth of York ( 11 February 1466 -- 11 February 1503 ) was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until 1503 , and mother of King Henry VIII of England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about History:",
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He ruled in England and Ireland from 24 March 1603 until his death . | [
"On 24 March 1603 , he also became King of England and Ireland as James I when he inherited the English and Irish crowns and thereby united the Crown of the Kingdom of Scotland , with the crowns of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland ( each country remained legally separate , with their own Parliaments , judiciary ... | [
"George Leake CMG ( posthumous ) QC ( 3 December 1856 -- 24 June 1902 ) was Premier of Western Australia from 27 May 1901 to 21 November 1901 , and again from 23 December 1901 until his death on 24 June 1902 ."
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Banda Pir Khan is an union council in Pakistan . | [
"Banda Pir Khan is one of the 51 union councils of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan ."
] | [
"Namli Maira is a mountainous rural area located in Abbottabad District ."
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St Albans is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in Hertfordshire , England . It is 22 miles ( 35km ) north of London . | [
"St Albans is a city in southern Hertfordshire , England , around 22 m north of central London , which forms the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans ."
] | [
"Burgess Hill is situated in the Sussex Weald , 10 miles ( 16 km ) north of Brighton , and about 4.5 miles ( 7.5 km ) south of Haywards Heath ."
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It occupies a site to the west of the Abbey , which includes the 14th century Abbey Gateway . The school was founded in AD 948 and is the only school in the English-speaking world to have educated a Pope . | [
"St Albans School , a public school which occupies a site to the west of the Abbey and which includes the 14th century Abbey Gateway , was founded in AD 948 and is the only school in the English-speaking world to have educated a Pope ( Adrian IV ) ."
] | [
"These remains were interred in a chapel which had been part of the Roman fort , which became the basis for a church which bore his name , and was rebuilt several times over the years ."
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St Albans is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in Hertfordshire , England . | [
"St Albans has a thriving cultural life , with regular concerts and theater productions held at venues including St Albans Abbey , Maltings Arts Theatre , the Alban Arena , the Abbey Theatre , St Peter 's Church and St Saviour 's Church , given by numerous organizations including St Albans Bach Choir , St Albans Ca... | [
"Stevenage is a town and borough in Hertfordshire , England ."
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Telefà nica is a Spanish broadband and telecommunications provider in Europe and Latin America . | [
"Telefà nica , S.A. is a Spanish broadband and telecommunications provider in Europe and Latin America ."
] | [
"T-Mobile is a German wireless services provider , owned by Deutsche Telekom . It operates several GSM networks in Europe and the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Palermo is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy . | [
"The Province of Palermo ( ; Sicilian : Pruvincia di Palermu ) is a province in the autonomous region of Sicily , an island off the coast of Italy . Its capital is the city of Palermo ."
] | [
"The Province of Caserta is a province in the Campania region of Italy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Lodging or holiday accommodation is a type of accommodation . | [
"Lodging ( or a holiday accommodation ) is a type of residential accommodation ."
] | [
"More comprehensive services within the parks , such as guided walks and skiing tutorials , are privately provided with concessions from the department ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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People who travel and stay away from home for more than a day need lodging mainly for sleeping . Other purposes are safety , shelter from cold and rain , and to have a place to store luggage and being able to take a shower . | [
"People who travel and stay away from home for more than a day need lodging for sleep , rest , safety , shelter from cold temperatures or rain , storage of luggage and access to common household functions ."
] | [
"A changing room , locker room , dressing room ( usually in a sports , theater or staff context ) or changeroom ( regional use ) is a room or area designated for changing one 's clothes . Changing rooms are provided in a semi-public situation to enable people to change clothes in privacy , either individually or on... | SimpleWiki | {
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They do that in a hotel , hostel or hostal , a private home ( commercially , i.e. a bed and breakfast or guest house place , in a tent , caravan\/camper ( often on a campsite ) . | [
"Lodging is done in a hotel , hostel or hostal , a private home ( commercial , i.e. a bed and breakfast , a guest house , a vacation rental , or non-commercially , with members of hospitality services or in the home of friends ) , in a tent , caravan\\/camper ( often on a campsite ) ."
] | [
"Each island has several very small resorts , usually consisting of a small collection of huts for tourists , and a restaurant ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Castro is still active as a sportsman . | [
"Castro has remained active as an athlete ."
] | [
"Fraser is also an accomplished amateur photographer ."
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Captain Ivà n Castro ( born 1967 ) is a U.S. Army officer who did not leave the Special Forces after becoming blind . | [
"Captain Ivà n Castro ( born 1967 ) is a U.S. Army officer who has continued serving on active duty in the Special Forces despite losing his eyesight ."
] | [
"In September 1994 , influenced by Renaissance icon Benvenuto Cellini ( who stated that a well-rounded man is an artist , warrior and philosopher ) , he left Mind Funk to join the Army 2nd Ranger Battalion and the Special Forces , serving tours in Afghanistan and Iraq ."
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Castro was born in Hoboken , New Jersey . His parents were from Puerto Rico . | [
"Castro was born in Hoboken , New Jersey to parents who were originally from Puerto Rico ."
] | [
"His mother , Regina Wender Fischer , was an American citizen of Polish Jewish descent , born in Switzerland and raised in St. Louis , Missouri ."
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He used to train with Major Phil Young , who was his leader in the Special Forces , and has done lots of races . The audiences often encourage him for his determination . | [
"At Bragg he trained with Major Phil Young , who was his team leader in the Special Forces , and has participated in several long distance road races , often being enthusiastically greeted by the audiences for his determination ."
] | [
"Now only a duo , Bobby Jon and Stephenie felt discomfort in losing challenges but are still eager to win ."
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He is one of three blind officers who currently serve in the U.S. Army and the only blind officer in the United States Army Special Forces . | [
"He is one of three blind active duty officers who serves in the U.S. Army and the only blind officer serving in the United States Army Special Forces ."
] | [
"He also had a noted military career and was a World War II and Vietnam War veteran , who rose to the rank of Brigadier General in the United States Air Force Reserve ."
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After finishing military training , Castro went to university in Puerto Rico . | [
"After graduating from Antilles Military Academy , Castro attended the University of Puerto Rico on an athletic scholarship ."
] | [
"She remained there until 1993 , when she returned to France ."
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They are a subsidiary of Warner Music Group . | [
"It is currently a subsidiary of Warner Music Group ."
] | [
"The brand later expanded to the United States under an Americanised version of the name : Dannon ."
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Roadrunner Records is an American record label . The company mainly deals with heavy metal bands . | [
"Roadrunner Records is an American record label that concentrates primarily on heavy metal and death metal bands ."
] | [
"Fat Wreck Chords ( pronounced as if spelled ` Fat Records ' ) is a San Francisco , California based independent record label , focused on punk rock ."
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Most fields can be wikilinked ( ie . network = network name ) , but should generally only be linked to an existing Wikipedia article . | [
"Most fields can be wikilinked ( i.e. network = network name ) , but should generally only be linked to an existing Wikipedia article ."
] | [
"A template can be used to point to a Wiktionary page from a Wikipedia article which has encyclopedic content ; for example , the code produces a pointer to the Wiktionary definition of dictionary as illustrated here . For Wikipedia articles which could only ever be dictionary definitions and keep being re-created ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Miami Ink is a television show on TLC about tattoos . | [
"Miami Ink is an American reality show on TLC that follows the events that took place at a tattoo shop in Miami Beach , Florida ."
] | [
"Criss Angel Mindfreak is a show distributed by A&E Network ."
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DumbrÄ veni is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania . | [
"DumbrÄ veni is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | [
"Slatina is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The most known welfare states are Nordic countries . | [
"This phenomenon has been termed a `` welfare society , '' and the term `` welfare system '' has been used to describe the range of welfare state and welfare society mixes that are found . A more extreme version of the modern welfare state is a system referred to as the Nordic model which is practiced in the Scandi... | [
"Further , he is noted as one of the first to envisage European economic integration ."
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Ceignes is a commune . | [
"Ceignes is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | [
"Saint - Ã tienne-du-Bois is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
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As of 2009 there are 20 Treehouse of Horror episodes , with one airing every year . | [
"As of 2010 there are 21 Treehouse of Horror episodes , with one airing every year ."
] | [
"Though intended to be split into three parts , the finale aired as a two-hour four-part movie on July 19 , 2008 ."
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The Crisis ended with the ascension of Diocletian in 284 . | [
"The Crisis ended with the ascension and reforms of Diocletian , although it was his predecessor Aurelian who reunited the empire ."
] | [
"The Guard was dissolved by Emperor Constantine I in the 4th century ."
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The Crisis of the Third Century ( 235 â `` 284 AD ) was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion , civil war , plague , and collapse of the economy . The Crisis is sometimes called the `` Military Anarchy '' or `` Imperial Crisis '' . | [
"The Crisis of the Third Century ( also `` Military Anarchy '' or `` Imperial Crisis '' ) ( 235 â `` 284 AD ) was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion , civil war , plague , and economic depression ."
] | [
"While the Old Kingdom was a period of internal security and prosperity , it was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period ."
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The Crisis resulted in profound changes in the Empire 's institutions , society , economic life , and eventually , religion . It is increasingly seen a transition period between the historical periods of Classical antiquity and late antiquity . | [
"The Crisis resulted in such profound changes in the Empire 's institutions , society , economic life and , eventually , religion , that it is increasingly seen by most historians as the transition period between the historical periods of Classical antiquity and late antiquity ."
] | [
"Centered on the capital of Constantinople , it was ruled by emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman emperors after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire . As the distinction between `` Roman Empire '' and `` Byzantine Empire '' is largely a modern convention , it is not possible to assign a date of s... | SimpleWiki | {
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By 258 â `` 260 , the Empire split into three competing states , with the Gallic Empire including the Roman provinces of Gaul , Britannia and Hispania ; and the Palmyrene Empire , including the eastern provinces of Syria Palaestina and Aegyptus ; becoming independent from the Italian-centered Roman Empire proper between them . | [
"By 258 â `` 260 , the Empire split into three competing states : the Gallic Empire , including the Roman provinces of Gaul , Britannia and Hispania ; the Palmyrene Empire , including the eastern provinces of Syria Palaestina and Aegyptus ; and the Italian-centered and independent Roman Empire , proper , between th... | [
"The Goth leader Theodoric the Great , king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths , was allied by marriage with the Vandals as well as with the Burgundians and the Franks under Clovis I. Like the Goths , the Vandals , whose influence can best be judged in their longest-lasting kingdom in North Africa , were... | SimpleWiki | {
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The Crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Alexander Severus at the hands of his own troops in 235 AD . This started a fifty-year period in which 20 â `` 25 claimants to the title of Emperor , mostly prominent Roman Army generals , taking power over all or part of the Empire . | [
"The Crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Alexander Severus at the hands of his own troops , initiating a fifty-year period in which 20 â `` 25 claimants to the title of Emperor , mostly prominent Roman Army generals , assumed imperial power over all or part of the Empire ."
] | [
"The last years of Galerius saw him relinquishing his aspirations towards being the supreme emperor of the empire , though he managed to retain the position of first among equals ."
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Marek Mintà l ( born 2 September 1977 ) is a Slovak football player . | [
"Marek Mintà l ( born 2 September 1977 in Š1\\/2 ilina ) is a Slovak international football player who currently plays for 1 ."
] | [
"Slobodan DubajiÄ ( born February 19 , 1963 ) is a former Serbian football player ."
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Hayesville is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Hayesville is a city in Keokuk County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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La Chapelle-Craonnaise is a commune of 266 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"La Chapelle-Craonnaise is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-L Ã ger is a commune in the Mayenne department and Pays de la Loire region of France ."
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The nasal bones are two small oblong bones located in the human skull . Their size and form differs among individuals . | [
"The nasal bones are two small oblong bones , varying in size and form in different individuals ; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face , and form , by their junction , `` the bridge '' of the nose ."
] | [
"Their dentition , in which two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlap one row on the lower jaw , is unique among living species ."
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The album was the second of the `` Joker Cards '' in the Dark Carnival mythology . | [
"The album is the second Joker 's Card in the group 's Dark Carnival mythology ."
] | [
"It was also accompanied by a free download of a song called `` Crash '' ."
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Ringmaster is the second studio album by American Horrorcore band , Insane Clown Posse . It was released on January 28 , 1994 . | [
"Ringmaster is the second studio album by American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse , released on January 28 , 1994 , by Psychopathic Records ."
] | [
"The Flame in All Of Us is the fourth studio album by rock band Thousand Foot Krutch ; the album was released on September 18 , 2007 through Tooth & Nail Records ."
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The producers of the album were Insane Clown Posse and Mike E. Clark . The album was the second of the `` Joker Cards '' in the Dark Carnival mythology . | [
"Ringmaster is the second Joker 's Card in Insane Clown Posse 's Dark Carnival , the fictional mythology of the concept album series used in much of their discography ."
] | [
"It is a parody of `` Pretty Fly ( For a White Guy ) '' by The Offspring , and it was released from the 1999 album Running with Scissors ."
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Richmond is a city of Indiana in the United States . | [
"Richmond is located at ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
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Mr. Marcus also gave the library a collection of more than 5,000 miniature books . ( Miniature books are very small books , small enough for a doll . ) | [
"The library also houses a collection of more than 8,000 books donated by Marcus , including 1,100 miniature books , many from the press he founded ."
] | [
"These books are usually considerably smaller than a high school or college yearbook ."
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His favorite artists from Mexico were Rufino Tamayo , David Alfaro Siqueiros , Diego Rivera , and Antonio Ruà z. He became friends with Rivera and Tamayo . Mr. Marcus also liked American artists , such as Alexander Calder , who made sculptures , and Georgia O'Keeffe , who was a painter . | [
"The Marcus collections included significant works by Mexican artists Rufino Tamayo , David Alfaro Siqueiros , Diego Rivera , and Rivera 's lesser-known friend and colleague Antonio Ruà z ; the American sculptor Alexander Calder , and American painter Georgia O'Keeffe ."
] | [
"In 1945 , Moore 's purchased a home in Albuquerque , New Mexico , where he would live for the rest of his life with his wife , Julie Chavez , whom he married in 1949 ."
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The Degolyer Library at Southern Methodist University has a collection of things related to Mr. Marcus . | [
"Southern Methodist University hosts a Stanley Marcus collection at its DeGolyer Library in Dallas , including photographs , correspondence , and clippings ."
] | [
"It is open to the public and is also the home of the Edgar Allan Poe Society ."
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Quintana Roo is a Mexican state in the South . | [
"The state is named after the Mexican patriot Andràs Quintana Roo ."
] | [
"Tacna is the southernmost region in Peru ."
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Burelles is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Burelles is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
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Arabinform is a first Russian-language web site that provides news , business information , media and current affairs of the Arab region . | [
"Arabinform is a first Russian-language project that provides news , business information , media and current affairs of the Arab region ."
] | [
"In addition , Arovell publishes a magazine about literature , music and art , which contains information about new books and public events ."
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The name comes from the Disney movie The Mighty Ducks . | [
"The team 's original name was chosen from the 1992 Disney movie The Mighty Ducks , based on a group of misfit kids who turn their losing youth hockey team into a winning team . Disney subsequently made an animated series called Mighty Ducks , featuring a fictional Mighty Ducks of Anaheim team that consisted of ant... | [
"He is best known for playing Phil Diffy , the main character in the Disney Channel series Phil of the Future ."
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The Anaheim Ducks are an ice hockey team from Anaheim , California . | [
"The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim , California , USA ."
] | [
"The Charlotte Bobcats is a professional basketball team based in Charlotte , North Carolina ."
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They used to be the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim . | [
"The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company ."
] | [
"Days earlier , on 6 May 1997 , Lawless had inadvertently exposed a breast as she concluded a performance of the US national anthem at an NHL hockey game in Anaheim , California between the Mighty Ducks and Detroit Red Wings ."
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In 2005 , Disney sold the Ducks to Susan and Henry Samueli | [
"Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli , who changed the name of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006 â `` 07 season ."
] | [
"In the early 1980s , the Popes retired and transferred the park to their son , Dick Pope , Jr."
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They are in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . | [
"They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) ."
] | [
"From the 2009 â `` 10 season , the competition is known as the ` UEFA Europa League ' ."
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They used to be the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim . The name comes from the Disney movie The Mighty Ducks . | [
"The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks ."
] | [
"Days earlier , on 6 May 1997 , Lawless had inadvertently exposed a breast as she concluded a performance of the US national anthem at an NHL hockey game in Anaheim , California between the Mighty Ducks and Detroit Red Wings ."
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In 1984 , Shafi Goldwasser , Silvio Micali , and Ronald Rivest became the first to strictly define the security requirements of digital signature schemes . | [
"In 1988 , Shafi Goldwasser , Silvio Micali , and Ronald Rivest became the first to rigorously define the security requirements of digital signature schemes ."
] | [
"However , if a message is digitally signed , any change in the message after signature will invalidate the signature . Furthermore , there is no efficient way to modify a message and its signature to produce a new message with a valid signature , because this is still considered to be computationally infeasible by... | SimpleWiki | {
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The message can not be modified , and if modified a new message with a valid signature can not be produced . | [
"However , if a message is digitally signed , any change in the message after signature will invalidate the signature . Furthermore , there is no efficient way to modify a message and its signature to produce a new message with a valid signature , because this is still considered to be computationally infeasible by... | [
"If an entry can be found with a tag matching that of the desired datum , the datum in the entry is used instead . This situation is known as a cache hit ."
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Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures , a broader term that refers to any electronic data that holds a meaning of a signature , but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures . | [
"Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures , a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature , but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures ."
] | [
"In cryptography , a trusted third party ( TTP ) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party ; The Third Party reviews all critical transaction communications between the parties , based on the ease of creating fraudulent digital content ."
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A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a type of asymmetric cryptography . | [
"A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document ."
] | [
"In cryptography , key size or key length is the size measured in bits of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm ( such as a cipher ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For messages sent through an insecure channel , a good implementation of digital signature algorithm is the one that makes the receiver believe that the message was sent by the claimed sender , and trust the message . | [
"For messages sent through a nonsecure channel , a properly implemented digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender ."
] | [
"Like all cryptographic keys , session keys must be chosen so that they can not be predicted by an attacker , usually requiring them to be chosen randomly ."
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They described a hierarchy of attack models for signature schemes , they also present the GMR signature scheme . | [
"They described a hierarchy of attack models for signature schemes , and also present the GMR signature scheme , the first that can be proven to prevent even an existential forgery against a chosen message attack ."
] | [
"Thus the degree of intrinsic parallelism in the code stream forms a second limitation ."
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A digital signature is an electronic signature . | [
"Digital signatures cryptographically bind an electronic identity to an electronic document and the digital signature can not be copied to another document . Paper contracts often have the ink signature block on the last page , and the previous pages may be replaced after a signature is applied ."
] | [
"In order to verify the origin of a message , RSA can also be used to sign a message ."
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Digital signature are implemented using cryptography . Digital signatures can also provide acknowledgement , meaning that the signer can not successfully claim they did not sign a message , while also claiming their private key remains secret ; | [
"Digital signatures can also provide non-repudiation , meaning that the signer can not successfully claim they did not sign a message , while also claiming their private key remains secret ; further , some non-repudiation schemes offer a time stamp for the digital signature , so that even if the private key is expo... | [
"A confidential channel is a way of transferring data that is resistant to interception , but not necessarily resistant to tampering . An authentic channel is a way of transferring data that is resistant to tampering but not necessarily resistant to interception ."
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Digital signatures are equivalent to traditional handwritten signatures in many respects ; properly implemented digital signatures are more difficult to copy than the handwritten type . | [
"Digital signatures are equivalent to traditional handwritten signatures in many respects ; properly implemented digital signatures are more difficult to forge than the handwritten type ."
] | [
"In cryptography , a trusted third party ( TTP ) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party ; The Third Party reviews all critical transaction communications between the parties , based on the ease of creating fraudulent digital content ."
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In some countries , including the United States , and in the European Union , electronic signatures may have legal significance . | [
"In some countries , including the United States , India , and members of the European Union , electronic signatures have legal significance ."
] | [
"However , there are no arbitrary limits on the form a payment can take and thus in complex transactions between businesses , payments may take the form of stock or other more complicated arrangements ."
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If a message is digitally signed , any change in the message after signature will invalidate the signature . | [
"However , if a message is digitally signed , any change in the message after signature will invalidate the signature ."
] | [
"In cryptography , a trusted third party ( TTP ) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party ; The Third Party reviews all critical transaction communications between the parties , based on the ease of creating fraudulent digital content ."
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People live on only 5 of the 19 islands of the Galà pagos : Baltra , Floreana , Isabela , San Cristobal and Santa Cruz . | [
"Five of the islands are inhabited : Baltra , Floreana , Isabela , San Cristobal and Santa Cruz ."
] | [
"To the south are the islands of Montserrat and Guadaloupe , and to the south and west are Nevis , St. Kitts , St. Barts , and St. Martin ."
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Villers-sur-Mer is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Villers-sur-Mer is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Noron-l ` Abbaye is a commune in the department of Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
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Administrators , if you have reviewed an unblock request , replace '' '' with '' '' . | [
"This 's unblock request has been reviewed by an administrator , who the request ."
] | [
"If a Shared IP address ' talk page is not already identified or tagged as such , use either the , , or any one of the templates at : Category : Shared IP header templates to do so ."
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Meridian is a city of Idaho in the United States . | [
"The Meridian Speedway lies within city limits directly south of Old Town Meridian ."
] | [
"Garden City is a city in Ada County , Idaho , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He was first made mayor of the new Ottawa on November 13 , 2000 . | [
"Chiarelli was elected as the first mayor of the newly amalgamated city of Ottawa on November 13 , 2000 , and was re-elected on November 10 , 2003 ( see 2003 Ottawa election for full results ) ."
] | [
"Its status as a state went into full effect two years later on January 1 , 1979 ."
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The Princess Sophia ( Sophia Matilda ; 2 November 1777 â `` 27 May 1848 ) was the fifth daughter of George III and Queen Charlotte . | [
"The Princess Sophia ( Sophia Matilda ; 2 November 1777 â `` 27 May 1848 ) was a member of the British Royal Family , the twelfth child and fifth daughter of George III ."
] | [
"Ernest Augustus I ( 5 June 1771 â `` 18 November 1851 ) was King of Hanover from 20 June 1837 until his death . He was the fifth son and eighth child of George III , who reigned in both the United Kingdom and Hanover ."
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On September 4 , 2002 , President Bush proclaimed September 11 , 2002 as Patriot Day . | [
"On September 4 , 2002 , President Bush used his authority created by the resolution and proclaimed September 11 , 2002 as Patriot Day ."
] | [
"It officially began on June 1 , 1990 , and lasted until November 30 , 1990 ."
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The Resolution asked that the President would designate September 11 of each year as `` Patriot Day . '' | [
"It requested that the President designate September 11 of each year as `` Patriot Day . ''"
] | [
"The Peace Corps website answered the question `` Who Inspired the Creation of the Peace Corps ? ''"
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The President also asks Americans to observe a moment of silence beginning at 8:46 A.M. ( Eastern Daylight Time ) . This is the time the first plane struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11 , 2001 . | [
"The President also asks Americans to observe a moment of silence beginning at 8:46 A.M. ( Eastern Daylight Time ) , the time the first plane struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11 , 2001 ."
] | [
"Jules captured footage of American Airlines Flight 11 hitting the North tower of the World Trade Center ."
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Most Americans call this day `` Nine-Eleven ( 9\/11 ) , '' `` September Eleventh , '' or something similar . | [
"Most Americans refer to the day as `` Nine-Eleven ( 9\\/11 ) , '' `` September Eleventh , '' or some variation thereof ."
] | [
"While officially known as the `` U.S. Postal Service , '' despite the passage of nearly 40 years the public still colloquially refer to it as the `` Post Office '' or `` U.S. Mail ''"
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It happens on September 11 of each year . It remembers the 2,977 killed in the September 11 , 2001 attacks . | [
"In the United States , Patriot Day occurs on September 11 of each year , designated in memory of the 2,977 killed in the September 11 , 2001 attacks ."
] | [
"The brothers , residents of the United States since 1989 , were in New York City at the time of the September 11 , 2001 attacks ."
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The day was officially created on October 25 , 2001 . The U.S. House of Representatives Joint Resolution 71 was approved by a vote of 407 â `` 0 . | [
"U.S. House of Representatives Joint Resolution 71 was approved by a vote of 407 â `` 0 on October 25 , 2001 ."
] | [
"The first public law establishing Peace Corps in the US Code was The Peace Corps Act passed by the 87th Congress and signed into law on September 22 , 1961 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On this day , the American flag is to be flown at half-staff at individual American homes , at the White House , and on all U.S. government buildings , home and abroad . | [
"On this day , the President directs that the American flag be flown at half-staff at individual American homes , at the White House , and on all U.S. government buildings and establishments , home and abroad ."
] | [
"The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces ."
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Franco Baresi ( born 8 May 1960 ) is a former Italian football player . He has played for Italy national team . | [
"Franco Baresi ( born 8 May 1960 in Travagliato , Italy ) is an Italian football youth team coach and former player ."
] | [
"Gianluca Zambrotta ( born February 19 , 1977 ) is a world cup winning Italian footballer who currently plays as a full back for Serie A club Milan ."
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It was the eighth month when January or February were added to the start of the year by King Numa Pompilius about 700 BC . | [
"About 700 BC it became the eighth month when January and February were added to the year before March by King Numa Pompilius , who also gave it 29 days ."
] | [
"The city was left very skeptical when Vitellius chose the anniversary of the Battle of the Allia ( in 390 BC ) , a day of bad auspices according to Roman superstition , to accede to the office of Pontifex Maximus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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August 's flower is the Gladiolus with the birthstone being peridot . | [
"August 's birthstone is the peridot or onyx . Its birth flower is the gladiolus or poppy , meaning beauty , strength of character , love , marriage and family ."
] | [
"Schizanthus , â '' common names butterfly flower , fringeflower , poor-man 's - orchidâ '' is a genus of plants in the Solanaceae ( nightshade ) family ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This month was first called Sextilis in Latin , because it was the sixth month in the old Roman calendar . | [
"This month was originally named Sextilis in Latin , because it was the sixth month in the original ten-month Roman calendar under Romulus in 753 BC , when March was the first month of the year ."
] | [
"As the Chinese New Year starts in late January to mid-February , the Chinese year dates from January 1 until that day in the new Gregorian year remain unchanged from the previous Gregorian year ."
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August is the eighth month of the year . It has 31 days . | [
"August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with a length of 31 days ."
] | [
"New Year 's Eve is observed on December 31 , the final day of the Gregorian calendar , the day before New Year 's Day ."
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In 1995 , Daft Punk began to record in the studio a song called Da Funk which became their first commercial success . | [
"Daft Punk returned to the studio in May 1995 to record `` Da Funk '' ."
] | [
"They also released `` One Night Stand '' before coming back to Europe to start work with their third album however , Telstar Records went into administration ."
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There are two people in the band , Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo ( born February 8 , 1974 ) and Thomas Bangalter ( born January 3 , 1975 ) . Daft Punk use computers to make their music . | [
"Daft Punk is an electronic music duo consisting of French musicians Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo ( born February 8 , 1974 ) and Thomas Bangalter ( born January 3 , 1975 ) ."
] | [
"Joshua Paul Davis ( born June 29 , 1972 ) better known as DJ Shadow is an American music producer , DJ and songwriter ."
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After that success , Daft Punk looked for a manager , and they chose Pedro Winter who is also known by the name Busy P. | [
"After the success of `` Da Funk '' , Daft Punk looked to find a manager ."
] | [
"Impressed with the group 's material , he brought the trio to the attention of Lorne Michaels , the producer of Saturday Night Live , who agreed to see them ."
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On 2 December 1971 Dubai formed the United Arab Emirates , together with Abu Dhabi and five other emirates . This was done after former protector Britain left the Persian Gulf in 1971 . | [
"On 2 December 1971 Dubai , together with Abu Dhabi and five other emirates , formed the United Arab Emirates after the former protector , Britain , left the Persian Gulf in 1971 ."
] | [
"Hatta , a minor exclave of the emirate , is surrounded on three sides by Oman and by the emirates of Ajman ( in the west ) and Ras Al Khaimah ( in the north ) . The Persian Gulf borders the western coast of the emirate ."
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Dubai and its twin across the Dubai creek , Deira ( independent at that time ) , became important ports of call for Western manufacturers . | [
"Historically , Dubai and its twin across the Dubai creek , Deira ( independent of Dubai City at that time ) , were important ports of call for Western manufacturers ."
] | [
"Because of the natural harbor , Chittagong had been an important location for trade , drawing Arab traders as early as the 9th century CE ."
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The town of Dubai was an important port of call for foreign tradesmen ( chiefly Indians ) , who settled in the town . | [
"The town of Dubai was an important port of call for foreign tradesmen , chiefly those from Iran , many of whom eventually settled in the town ."
] | [
"Islam established its presence in the East African coast from around 1012 AD , when the traders from the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula continued to journey to these parts during monsoon seasons and to interact with the local people through trade , intermarriage , and an exchange of ideas ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1833 , the Al Maktoum dynasty of the Bani Yas tribe left Abu Dhabi and took over Dubai `` without resistance '' . | [
"In 1833 , following tribal feuding , the Al Maktoum dynasty ( also descendants of the House of Al-Falasi ) of the Bani Yas tribe left their ancestral home of the Liwa Oasis , South-west of the settlement of Abu Dhabi and quickly took over Dubai from the Abu Fasala clan without resistance ."
] | [
"Historically , Dubai and its twin across the Dubai creek , Deira ( independent of Dubai City at that time ) , were important ports of call for Western manufacturers ."
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Most of the new city 's banking and financial centers were in this area . | [
"Most of the new city 's banking and financial centres were headquartered in the port area ."
] | [
"Earlier , the majority of the inhabitants made a living in the wine industry ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The city of Dubai has a free trade in gold and till the 1990s was the center of a `` brisk smuggling trade '' of gold ingots to India , where gold import was restricted ( read the novel Dubai by Robin Moore ) . | [
"Dubai has a free trade in gold and , until the 1990s , was the hub of a `` brisk smuggling trade '' of gold ingots to India , where gold import was restricted ."
] | [
"In 1990 , faced with economic disaster following the end of the Iranâ `` Iraq War , Kuwait started overproduction of oil which kept oil revenues down for Iraq ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The ruler of Dubai was the late H.H. Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , who was also the Vice-President of the United Arab Emirates . | [
"Dubai 's government operates within the framework of a constitutional monarchy , and has been ruled by the Al Maktoum family since 1833 . The current ruler , Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum , is also the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and member of the Supreme Council of the Union ( S... | [
"The original Al Jazeera channel was started in 1 November 1996 by an emiri decree with a loan of 500 million Qatari riyals ( US$ 137 million ) from the Emir of Qatar , Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa ."
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Earlier in the 18th century , the Al Abu Falasa line of Bani Yas clan established itself in Dubai . The city was a dependent of Abu Dhabi until 1833 . | [
"In the early 19th century , the Al Abu Falasa clan ( House of Al-Falasi ) of Bani Yas clan established Dubai , which remained a dependent of Abu Dhabi until 1833 ."
] | [
"The state of Kharan was established in about 1697 CE as a vassal state of Kalat , a status which remained until 1940 ."
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Dubai Internet City , now combined with Dubai Media City as part of TECOM ( Dubai Technology , Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority ) is one such enclave whose members include IT firms such as EMC Corporation , Oracle , Microsoft , and IBM , and media organizations such as MBC , CNN , Reuters , ARY and AP . | [
"Dubai Internet City , combined with Dubai Media City as part of TECOM ( Dubai Technology , Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority ) is one such enclave whose members include IT firms such as EMC Corporation , Oracle Corporation , Microsoft , and IBM , and media organizations such as MBC , CNN , BBC , Re... | [
"Many other multinational companies like Caterpillar , DuPont , Cargill have their international headquarters in the city , Take Two Interactive , Electronic Arts , INVISTA , Procter & Gamble and Sun Microsystems have their European headquarters in the city ."
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In 1973 , Dubai joined the other emirates to adopt a single , uniform currency : the UAE dirham . | [
"In 1973 , Dubai joined the other emirates to adopt a uniform currency : the UAE dirham ."
] | [
"Abdul Aziz Al Ghurair ( born 1 July 1954 ) of the United Arab Emirates , is the Chief Executive Officer of the publicly traded Mashreq Bank , the family 's most valuable holding , worth an estimated $ 8 billion ."
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The town of Hatta is an exclave of the emirate of Dubai and borders nearby Oman . | [
"Hatta , a minor exclave of the emirate , is surrounded on three sides by Oman and by the emirates of Ajman ( in the west ) and Ras Al Khaimah ( in the north ) . The Persian Gulf borders the western coast of the emirate ."
] | [
"Al Ain is located in Abu Dhabi , inland on the border with Oman ."
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Dubai is the second largest emirate in the U.A.E. after Abu Dhabi ; which is the capital . The emirate is located on the Persian Gulf , southwest of Sharjah and northeast of Abu Dhabi . | [
"The emirate of Dubai shares borders with Abu Dhabi in the south , Sharjah in the northeast , and the Sultanate of Oman in the southeast ."
] | [
"Hatta , a minor exclave of the emirate , is surrounded on three sides by Oman and by the emirates of Ajman ( in the west ) and Ras Al Khaimah ( in the north ) . The Persian Gulf borders the western coast of the emirate ."
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The government has set up industry-specific free zones throughout the city . | [
"Dubai is also a hub for service industries such as information technology and finance , with industry-specific free zones throughout the city ."
] | [
"It is a concentration of science and technology related businesses , and has strong links with the nearby University of Cambridge ."
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