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How come playing a game in split screen doesn't destroy performance?
|
[
"Yes, and a lot of games that used to offer split screen don't anymore such as call of duty and Halo. When splitting screens each display only is half the resolution as usual, which is easier to render. Also, many games actually cap the framerate when playing split screen resulting in a much less smooth game. Mario kart and Halo did this."
] |
[
"You mean when you start a new video? It's becomes HD every time I enter full screen."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
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When you eat animal fat, how does your body turn it into human fat?
|
[
"It's not initially human fat. Everything we eat is broken down by enzymes into smaller bits. Proteins become amino acids, and fats become glycerol and fatty acids (sugars just become another kind of sugar). Any of those can be used by cells to make energy. The thing about fatty acids is that if they're not used by our cells to make ATP at the time we eat and digest, they can simply become fat in our body when they are moved to our existing fat cells."
] |
[
"The saturated fats in coconut oil are in the form of “Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)” - this basically means your body burns the saturated fats found in coconut oil in the same way it burns carbs. Carbs (and the sat. fats in coconut oil) are used directly for energy rather than being stored as fat in your body. However, just like carbs, if you eat more than your body is able to burn then the excess will indeed be stored as fat."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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Why would people prefer life in prison without the possibility of parole, over the death penalty?
|
[
"Everyone says, they would prefer dying over doing something. However, most people change their minds once death is an option"
] |
[
"Because they are convicted of multiple crimes, each one is bad enough on its own to earn a life sentence. This way, if one of the counts is overturned later, they still serve life for the others."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Law and Justice:"
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|
When a orchestra conductor is waving around his stick while the orchestra is playing, why does he do that and Is there a method as to how he does it.
|
[
"There is a precise reason. It's to keep time for the musicians as well as give cues to perform certain actions. While it is possible to have everybody keep time on their own, having a conductor to maintain pace, give cues, etc is helpful. At least it's how I see it when I would conduct."
] |
[
"By far the most important reason is to coordinate breathing! There's the more obvious things like how loud or soft to sing, and making sure all the words are 'cut off' at exactly the same time by everyone, but when to take a breath and also when to PREPARE to take a breath are the vital indications the conductor gives. In a certain way, it can be harder to conduct a choir than an instrumental ensemble - you have to give TWO cues with your hands, one to say 'get ready to take a breath', and then another to actually take the breath. This answer leaves out about a thousand other more usual reasons he conductor exists at all, but re: choirs, this is the big one."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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Why don't police officers use rubber bullets?
|
[
"Rubber bullets hurt, but they don't stop people who don't want to be stopped. Lead bullets do."
] |
[
"It might not be necessary in certain countries, but with the number of firearms and violence in the U.S., it would be pure anarchy if our police forces did not have firearms. Don't bring a knife to a gun fight."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
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the point of changing your network's password if it can be hacked anyway.
|
[
"What's the point of locking your door at night if someone can break it down or enter through the window anyways? Why not leave your keys in the car if someone can break in and hotwire it anyways? It's a deterrent. There's no point in a hacker to spend hours and hours trying to get into your home network when there's such little potential payoff if they were to break the encryption. So they're not going to bother. If it's wide open and it's zero effort, or you're using default passwords which takes them 10 seconds to look up? Then you're making it a lot more appealing."
] |
[
"Most sites don't store your password, they store a hash of your password A hash is specifically designed to be a one way function so it's easy to take the password and generate the hash and check it against the database, but it is hard to take the hash and determine what password makes it. You should have to try lots and lots of passwords to find one that matches the hash you have Not everywhere hashes your password unfortunately. If you can say you forgot your password and they can provide it to you then they aren't hashing it and you should assume that password will get out sometime"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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|
What do the two guys in the middle of the bobsled do?
|
[
"They contribute to the initial acceleration of the bobsled, and help steer by leaning."
] |
[
"What do you mean on them? The signs, the walls, floors?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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|
Are the chewing sounds you hear while you're chewing magnified or what you actually sound like chewing?
|
[
"Not really amplified, but directly routed into your ears by your jawbone. While in contrast to third parties they get dampened by the meat around your mouth (i.e. cheeks and lips) ... so keep your pie hole shut while chewing. EDIT: also obviously the volume gets greatly reduced simply by distance, considering sounds drop of with a square function with distance."
] |
[
"If they were aware enough of what they were doing to be annoyed by it, they wouldn't do it. You only get annoyed by the things they are not aware of. Also, we perceive what we are doing very differently than others perceive us. If you are, say, chewing your food loudly, that sound is going to be a small component of your eating experience, and likely go unnoticed. Also, since can hear the sounds in your own mouth even when you are eating quickly, you aren't going to notice much difference."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the question:",
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Why are Japanese periods ( 。) different than English periods (.) --
|
[
"People are correct as to it being from Chinese. However, no one has really mentioned why. Chinese and Japanese were both originally written with brushes, not pens or quills. Thus, a circle was a more effective method of writing a full stop, since a period as we know of it could simply be an ink drop in the wrong place, which could render a sentence utterly unreadable if you weren't careful."
] |
[
"It and other punctuation marks like commas were adapted directly from Western writing systems in 20th century. Another interesting adaption was differentiating the gender neutral 3rd person pronoun 他. 他 became used purely for he/him with 她 and 它 added for she/her and it respectively, though all share the same pronunciation. In contrast, the written Cantonese 3rd person pronoun 佢 retains its gender neutrality. As to before all this, keep in mind even without punctuation it is possible to make a written statement be read as a question. Contrast these two English sentences: You have a pen / Do you have a pen The same thing can be done in Chinese: 你有(you have)鋼筆(pen) / 你有鋼筆**嗎**(do you have a pen) / 你**有沒有**鋼筆 (do you have a pen) The only time you really need punctuation is for a sentence like \"You have a pen?\", where a change in tone indicates an otherwise indicative statement is a question. The same thing can be done in Chinese languages."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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|
Do the eyes have a shutter speed?
|
[
"Imagine a spinning wheel getting faster and faster. At some point, it looks like it's suddenly reversed direction, spinning backwards, right? And then as it keeps on accelerating, it looks like the wheel is stopped. (Of course, the wheel is blurry, since it's going fast -- your brain interprets this as a spinning wheel.) This also works for fan blades, propellers, etcetc. You get the point. This is a similar idea to how a camera can match the shutter speed of a helicopter blade, making it seem like the helicopter is rising into the air without even spinning its rotors. Eyes don't have something like a shutter speed (hypothetically you could blink... a LOT....). The reason for this behavior is still unknown, but one theory is that we see the world as a bunch of discrete images put together (this is similar to a shutter speed, potentially), and another is something known as the \"Temporal Aliasing Theory\" (now, an ELI5 for this would be pretty interesting too)."
] |
[
"Shine a light at your eyes while they’re closed. What do you see? That’s your answer."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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|
Why is being anti-immigration considered racism
|
[
"Being anti-immigration, in and of itself, is not racist. However... there tends to be overlap. You don't hear a lot of people saying \"We should limit immigration because our infrastructure can't handle it,\" for example... but you get a lot of \"Those People are coming over to take our jobs\" and \"Those People are all criminals\" and \"Those People will ruin AMERICA!\" and it is statements like those that cross the line into racism. In general, it seems to be racism that's pushing anti-immigration, not the other way around."
] |
[
"Because it's not an integral part of communism to murder entire races and commit genocide, but it's an integral part of nazism."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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I understand "heat" but what creates "coldness"? What makes up the cold waves that I feel when I put my hand near an ice block?
|
[
"The temperature of the ice block affects the air around it. It cools the air immediately around it, which makes it more dense, and thus heavier, and it falls to ground. When it does this, it displaces other air. Meanwhile, more hot air has taken the place of the cold air, which becomes cold and falls. This creates a very small current of air around the ice block in very small waves."
] |
[
"You'd get freezer burn. The heat in your finger would try to flow into the absolute zero object and this would cool your finger below the temperature cells work well at. No different than touching liquid air of any other really cold thing."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
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|
How is a dead body disfigured after being submerged in water for a long period of time?
|
[
"Typically, bacteria in the water rots in the body and emits gases. The gases usually bloat the body quite large, making it disfigured and smelly."
] |
[
"To stop them from decomposing, for example to stall for embalming or maybe evidence. A human body isn't exactly pleasant after lying around at room temperature for a while, trust me."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
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How can you "feel" someone behind or near you?
|
[
"There's no special ability to detect people outside of your line of sight other than your normal senses. These may not always be immediately apparent to you, for instance you might hear a disturbance and turn to look and see a human. It's also reasonable there's a degree of confirmation bias at work. If you think something is near you, look, and nothing is there, you forget about it. If you look and there's an unexpected person, then it sticks out in your memory. If you don't notice a person, and don't look, then there's nothing to remember in the first place. Thus when you review your memory, you see a string of unfailing human detection that doesn't really match the reality."
] |
[
"Because your brain expects the feeling. I believe its similar to why you can't tickle yourself."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
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"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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|
Were there more serial killers in the 20th century or did the media just pay more attention to them?
|
[
"Short answer is Yes. Longer answer is, not, really: We're only 15 Years into the 21th Century, so, yes of course there were more Serial Killers in the entire 20th Centuryas opposed to the (Beginning of the) 21th. But that doesn't mean that there will be less serial killers coming in the next 85 Years."
] |
[
"Due to tough laws (e.g. drug laws), some which require mandatory sentences. The three-strikes law, for example requires a long prison sentence for anyone who is convicted of three felonies in their life. Fun Fact: as these tough laws have been added to the books over the last few decades, the crime rate has dropped dramatically. Some say it is because of legalized abortion, other say the tougher laws are responsible. Either way, fewer murders, rapes, and robberies happen now than they did in the 1970s, for example."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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How come smoking weed for me intensifies my pain rather than masks it like it does for other people?
|
[
"First off : you might simply be using the wrong strain. Different strains have (somewhat) different effects. It doesn't seem to be terribly clear cut - the genetics of sativa and indica strains have huge levels of crossovers, and are rarely exactly what they're claimed to be. But as a general rule look for an Indica (higher CBD) as opposed to a Sativa (higher THC). The other possible reason, is that you naturally don't get as much benefit from it as other people. For some people weed helps mask pain, especially if it distracts them. On the other hand, if weed tends to make you slightly more alert, and slightly more aware of what's hurting, it may make the pain more noticeable, albeit not \"intensified\". It's like the opposite of using distraction for pain relief."
] |
[
"I live in Colorado and have a \"RED\" card allowing me to use it for medicinal purposes. I'll answer any questions you've got. My condition is chronic pain caused by a bulged disk in my lower back. It doesn't make the pain go away, it just makes me not care that it hurts. In that regard, it's no different than a prescription opioid, but much less addictive."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
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Why do some people like a certain taste/smell while others don't like it (or even hate it)?
|
[
"That's a product of education, upbringing, customs, flavors and food you are familiar with... Also perseverance. Have you hear that \"tonic water is an acquired taste\"? You have to keep drinking it until you taste other things that the initial bitterness and end up liking it. And there are certain tastes that can only be noticed by the bearers of a certain gene. _URL_0_"
] |
[
"You are right, sort of. On a bigger scale at least. We like sweet things because sugar was free energy. We can't stand rotten meat because it will kill us. However, it's not perfect. Small things we don't normally eat won't necessarily be influenced by this, as not enough people have died from it to make not liking it an evolutionary advantage. Cyanide supposedly taste like almonds (I haven't tried it, of course). Belladonna tastes sweet. Etc."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
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Body Parts falling asleep; lack of oxygen or blood pressure too high?
|
[
"> lack of oxygen or blood pressure too high? Neither. It's caused by compression of nerves to/from the affected limb, effectively cutting off communication between the limb and the brain. The \"pins and needles\" feeling is caused by the sensory neurons restoring their electrochemical gradients once the pressure is removed."
] |
[
"Relief of sinus pressure maybe? Too much force causes pain I guess."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
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I just had a full length dream about an insignificant person from school I talked to maybe once. Why is this? It's been 12 years
|
[
"I'm not an expert in Psychology, but this can be answered with basic fundamentals. We believe dreams are your brains way of catagorizing and storing memories. This could be anything throughout your life. Think of your dreams as a collage of memories. Take someone you met 20 years ago, add that to a volcano documentary you watched last Christmas, finally sprinkle the Avengers saving New York. Your dream is now playing the floor is lava with that childhood friend while the Avengers are insulting your jumping skills. Just your brain going through these memories and throwing them in your subconscious. Our brains process hundreds or some believe thousands of memories (dreams) everytime we sleep. What you remember dreaming when you wake up can be entirely random."
] |
[
"When laying in bed at night and you say to your self \"I'm gonna blink and its gonna be the morning\" then at that exact moment you fall asleep and when you wake up in the morning it's as if you just blinked the entire night away? Is that what you're saying? Well everyone gets one of those a life time, I had mine as a 10 year old on a Christmas Eve."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
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|
Why do we drop so much ordinance on targets? I know this sounds inhuman, but the ROI seems absurd after looking through combat footage. Shouldn't targets be eliminated in a more cost effective manner?
|
[
"Its cheaper to shoot twice and make sure they're gone than to shoot once and find out a week later that you have to send somebody else to go shoot them again. Bombs and missiles are expensive, but they're not the only cost to be factored into such decisions. Launching another sortie because the first one was insufficient means using more ordinance, but more importantly it means putting soldiers back into a hostile situation. Every time you send people out, there's a risk that some won't come back, so you want to minimize the number of sorties without compromising your objectives. If that means dropping more bombs, then you drop more bombs. Bombs can be replaced faster than the pilots who drop them."
] |
[
"I think the main advantage over a cruise missile is that having an aircraft \"on station\", in other words, nearly right over top of the target, allows for more flexibility in general. If the target moves ever so slightly, then adjustments can be made right then and there. If the target is a building and 80 school children walk out of it, it's going to be a lot harder to stop a cruise missile than an aircraft. Overall, in Iraq and Syria, the environment on the ground is so fluid and changing that lobbing cruise missiles will work only some of the time."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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|
the emotion 'annoyed'
|
[
"It is a subtler form of anger, which is founded out of the desire for reality to be different from what it is (probably more complicated but thats the vernacular Ive heard)."
] |
[
"commenting so i can find this later. upvotes"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
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|
how does remembering a dream work? How does that fit with long term and short term memories?
|
[
"People arent used to paying attention to their dreams, and they generally put very little effort into remembering them. This leads to people remembering less and less of them. If you look back, you might remember having more dreams when you were a child compared to now. With some training (writing down as much as you remember from each dream you had that night, right after you wake up), you will easily be able to remember your dreams with as good recollection as you would were they real life events. Sorry for not giving a very scientific explanation, but I'm pretty confident this is the case."
] |
[
"All your memories are stored in your brain, you DO - as everyone - have autobiographical memory (short of any physical or genetic brain damage) l. It's just that you can't access those memories. But when you encounter a trigger or anchor your brain then attributes more instantaneous significance to those memories and you can recall them. PS: Deep brain stimulation offers evidence of memories being permanent. Hypnosis as well. There are simpler methods but that's beyond the scope of this question."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Psychology:",
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|
What is the speed of electricity?
|
[
"The speed of a signal(charge) through the wire is extremely fast - between 60% and 99% of the speed of light, depending on the material the wire is made out of and its construction. The physical speed of the electrons themselves is very slow - in range of milimaters per hour for DC. For AC, the electrons don't move at all - they just \"jiggle\" both ways constantly."
] |
[
"Radio waves move at the speed of light. Which is far faster then sound."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
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|
In finance, what does it mean when an investment group "bets" on an outcome?
|
[
"A source would help, but I think I can be fairly certain that \"bet\" in this sense was just a euphemism. That's all investing is, really. When you invest in something, you're taking a calculated risk that it will pay off. Nothing is certain. It isn't exactly gambling in the sense that the payouts are not up to random chance (although it is almost totally unpredictable, in the sense that you can never be *completely* sure of a particular outcome). Goldman Sachs probably made some investment or acquisition in Greece that will heavily depend on the outcome of the bailout (again, context would help here; I'm just guessing) because they strongly believe it will go one way or the other."
] |
[
"First, consider your broker: Schwab, E-trade, Ameritrade etc. They usually offer incentives to opening a new account - 100 commission free trades, 100 cash bonus etc. Shop around for something that appeals to you. Now that your account is opened and your ready to trade, use the screener programs (i.e. it will generate you a list of stocks with specific preferences - high dividends, high price/earnings). Consider personal preferences. Some stocks are entities (General Electric) but you can also trade exchange traded funds (a \"stock\" that owns a basket of various Canadian companies and is thus highly correlated to the Canadian market, for example), commodities (gold, corn, wheat), currencies (the Euro, Yen) and many more. If you're just getting started, stick with those. This about how news will impact a stock. If you think that Greece will default because of its current position, short the Euro (since high volatility is not usually a good sign). Shorting is the opposite of buying. Hope some of this helps"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
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what does a military or terrorist organisation gain by shooting down a civilian plane and then denying it?
|
[
"Because they didn't intend to shoot down a civilian airliner. They thought they were shooting down a Ukrainian military transport aircraft. No one has anything to gain from shooting down a bunch of civilians. That's why they are attempting to deny it."
] |
[
"There is AA being brought into the Ukraine. One shot down a passenger aircraft by mistake, they've also shot down quite a few helicopters and warplanes."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
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Whats the point in war?
|
[
"You have something I want. I shoot you and take it. That's robbery. You and your 99 friends have something me and my 99 friends want. We shoot you and take it. That's war."
] |
[
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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|
why is a lieutenant general Senior to a major general? It seems backwards because a major his senior to a lieutenant.
|
[
"The rank of Major General is a shortened title. Historically it was Sergeant-Major General. Somewhere along the way in the 18th century, the sergeant part of the name was dropped. It could easily have been the major part that was dropped and that would have made more sense. Sergeant-Major means \"sergeant-leader\" or \"greater sergeant\" and is an enlisted rank, greater than a sergeant but junior to a Lieutenant. As the Major-General rank is named after the enlisted rank of Sergeant-Major and not the commissioned rank of Major, it is the most junior of General ranks. So next time, think \"Sergeant General\" instead and it will make more sense. Edit: a word as I can't grammar today"
] |
[
"In the US and Canadian Navy, Commander is junior to Captain. In NASA, the Commander *is* the captain. In the US Army, there is no rank of 'commander' (though there is a Captain) but like with NASA commander can be a term for 'guy in charge.' As far as 'more accurate,' different organizations have different terms for their ranks. Since these are fictional organizations, they can structure as they want."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the question:",
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Why do people in war movies always not seem to notice their excessive sweating
|
[
"Well I'd imagine there are greater worries than how much you are sweating such as surviving. And since many of these movies take place in hot climates they just got used to sweating heavily all the time."
] |
[
"Pirates have been romanticized, like the cowboy or the ninja. A lot of this came from the older days of cinema where it was more entertaining to have a suave rogue, a tough as nails hard working American rancher or a quiet assassin with seemingly magical power as opposed to a bunch of unwashed sailors with scurvy robbing people who cant fight back, a guy who spends 99% of his day on horseback trying to move cows from point a to point b and generic spies and saboteurs who mostly made high ranking officials paranoid, stole stuff and rarely killed anyone."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
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|
Why do different car engines need a different oil viscosity?
|
[
"Because oil need to penetrate very small niches inside engine. But size of these niches varies between different engines. Viscosity needs to be low enough to penetrate niche (not to stop at the edge) but high enough to stay inside and lubricate instead of just going through without much effect."
] |
[
"Because the oil change place is in the business of selling oil changes. Thus many will still recommend the 3,000-mile oil change. You should check your owner's manual for the manufacturer's suggested oil change frequency based on the kind of driving you do. It's in there..."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
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How does a paint roller hold so much paint?
|
[
"It's literally a sponge, but for paint. The paint roller is full of tons of little holes (most you can't see) that the paint goes into. This is why most sponges (and paint rollers) are very squishy, they're mostly air."
] |
[
"There are paints which are not particularly adhesive. Watercolors for example. All he would need to do is use one of those kinds of paint for the ends of the paper sheets."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
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|
The current fracturing of the Republican Party.
|
[
"The more moderate establishment Republican members in the House are being pulled right by a small minority of ultra-conservative, tea party-style members who feel that they aren't being given a voice. The.minority is also angry with the leadership who worked with the Democrats to make the government function."
] |
[
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
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|
When getting a tattoo, how come the ink from the stencil or pen doesn't contaminate the skin?
|
[
"I have 6 tattoos from 4 different artists and have never seen anyone freehand with a sharpie on a person and tattoo on that."
] |
[
"For a scrape, the ink shouldn't fade if the tattoo was inked deep enough. Shallow tattoos might not fare so well. I experienced this panic first hand when I scraped my shin and the tattoo going across it lost several layers, but it healed just fine and without fading as the ink was set pretty deep. As long as cuts heal like new (not offset in any way) then the lines/edges shouldn't be disturbed, except for distortions due to scar tissue. If a tattoo gets scraped or cut, treat it like you would a freshly inked tattoo, so as to prevent any scarring or fading. Don't pick at the scabs and just let it heal. Use recommended ointments just like it was freshly inked."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
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}
|
Why does it seem like I have to change my deodorant brand every year or so to avoid body odor?
|
[
"The smell that emanates from your armpits is largely caused by the bacteria that makes its home there. Deodorants, in addition to smelling pleasant, discourage bacterial growth. Over time bacteria may grow resistant to some extent if you always use the same type of deodorant. Occasionally switching can help combat that problem."
] |
[
"Antiperspirants control the sweating and remove the smell that way. Deodorant simply covers up the smell and some deodorants kill the bacteria that create the smell as well (the sweat itself isn't what stinks). Most of what's available in the store is a combination so you shouldn't have to worry about it. However, if you do have to choose between the two, then you'll probably prefer how an antiperspirant keeps you dry."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How did we come to the conclusion about the number of days in the calendar? Why are some 30 and some 31? Why did they choose February as 29 or 28?
|
[
"Our calendar was based on the Old Roman calendar. They divided the year into 10 months (March - December). Those 10 months were 300 days (31 and 29 days alternately, because odd numbers were good luck, or please the gods), with the remaining 60 days being written off since nothing happened in the dead of winter anyway. Eventually, January (then February) was added to the end of the calendar. Since February was at the **end** of the year it got short shrift in terms of the number of days. This left 10 days off of the calender, which was resolved with an interstitial period decided on by the Roman Senate to align the calendar with the solar seasons. This failed (as you can imagine) So, Julius Caeser reformed the calendar into (mostly) how we know it today. the 10 \"missing\" day were added to the months with 29 days in them (2 to January, 4 to February, 1 to April, June, September and November)."
] |
[
"The seasons would slowly shift around. If there wasn't a leap year, today would have been March 2nd - the calendar would be off by one day. In 4 years, the calendar would be off by 2 days. In 120 years the calendar would be off by a whole month - so for example instead of winter being from December to February, it would be from January to March. Taking this to even more extremes, in 700 years winter would be from June to August."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why can't I just eat gummy vitamins, protein supplements, iron supplements, etc. and survive?
|
[
"Apart from the supplements lacking many vital components that are found in actual food, the rate at which you absorb the vitamins and the rate at which the actual solids pass through your body do not allow for adequate intake of the nutrients. Eating just supplements and not any solid food will just give you very nutrient rich urine and poop."
] |
[
"Take a look at the nutritional facts of both fruit and yogurt. Yogurt is dairy and dairy has pretty much everything you need (protein, minerals, fat, carbs, calcium, etc). Fruits, especially blueberries, can provide a lot of the vitamins yogurt is missing. Yogurt is very nutritious. If you're worried about them not getting enough minerals, you can buy a supplement to sneak in their drinks. I wouldn't concern yourself with it too much. You're right - it's just a phase. Eventually they'll want to start eating what you're eating. But in the meantime, yogurt and berries will be fine for them."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
How do boats like this stay afloat?
|
[
"Pretty sure the have hydrofoils on the fins, wich work like an airplane wing only with water. Essentially creating lift and allowing them to glide above the waves. It probably helps that the entire boat is made of carbon fiber and other lightweight materials."
] |
[
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about biology:"
}
|
Why in the United States, with the exception of soccer, are there not sponsors or advertisements on professional sports team's uniforms?
|
[
"Soccer is played without any breaks during either half. Because the clock never stops running, there is rarely an opportunity for television broadcasters to play commercials. Jersey sponsors are a way to earn revenue in spite of this constraint. American Football, baseball, and basketball by contrast have many breaks and/or instances when the clock is stopped. Therefore, broadcasters are able to schedule commercials throughout the games rather than just during half time. Since these sports are already commercialized to such a great extent, the teams could be seen as overreaching by also introducing jersey sponsors. Fans are accustomed to jerseys with team names and logos, and could be upset at those insignias being replaced by jersey sponsors."
] |
[
"There are kids leagues, amateur leagues, and semi-pro leagues for American football, but by far the most rabid fanbase and 99% of the attention is for high school, college, and pro teams."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title about Sports and Advertising:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Sports and Advertising:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
How come when I punch in my dreams, it feels like I am punching underwater?
|
[
"As answered [here](_URL_0_), > It's because punching (like running) is a highly-coordinated activity that relies on proprioceptive feedback throughout the motion to work. Since the thalamus clamps down both on the transmission of the motor signals you'd need to effectively complete the motion and the perception of joint-motion data while you're asleep, everything feels bogged down and slow. > Compare that to 'flying', which is a), something we can't do normally, so we have no basis for comparison to see if it feels right or not, and b) superman-style flying about doesn't require significant body motion anyway."
] |
[
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why are some instruments (presumably) harder to synthesize than others? Why do, say, MIDI pianos usually sound better than MIDI horns?
|
[
"Pianos make noise one way- by hitting a string with a hammer. You can control how hard or soft you press the key, but you can't change anything besides that. Brass instruments derive their sound from the vibrations of your lips, which have far more minute detail and control which is extremely complicated for a computer to simulate."
] |
[
"[Wikipedia article](_URL_0_). It's a set of standards (computer software, cables / connectors, etc.) for connecting musical instruments to a computer, in order to record or create music. You always have the option of using a microphone next to an acoustic instrument to record it, but this would result in recording the \"sound\" (.wav file) rather than the \"notes.\" The MIDI interface records the notes; you can connect a MIDI keyboard or MIDI guitar and play the notes you want, and the computer can then change the \"sound\" of the notes from violin to piano to drums to synth / electronic, whatever you want. This lets you use a keyboard (for example) to first record the drum beats, then record the bass guitar over the drum beats, then add piano, violin, guitar, whatever; basically you can create a full symphony or full song with just a keyboard - you don't need all the instruments that an orchestra needs."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
If bruising is the body's way of protecting itself, why do we try to reduce swelling when treating an injured person?
|
[
"Bruising is not the body's way of protecting itself. A bruise is the result of a trauma that ruptures capillaries/blood vessels. The resulting swelling is blood \"leaking\" into the surrounding tissue. The treatment for swelling is applying something cold to the bruised area. The cold causes blood vessels to constrict which reduces blood flow to the area. This allows the capillaries to heal more quickly."
] |
[
"Lots of old people take blood thinners for various circulatory disorders. These make them very prone to bruising because their blood doesn’t coagulate in he same way. Additionally, their skin is weaker and less elastic with age, so the repair processes that happen when you bump your arm and break some blood vessels go quickly. Whereas in older people, those processes aren’t as efficient. This, bruising."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Wellness:"
}
|
What is UKIP and why is their victory so controversial?
|
[
"Basically they want withdrawal from the European Union, membership of which they say costs the UK £120bn per year. Along with that they would remove EU fishing quotas, withdraw from the Common Agricultural Policy and enforce much tighter controls on immigration. Basically UKIP is seen as an isolationist and racist party, a magnet to all sorts of crazy and scary people, as well as leaning well to the right, being friends with all sorts of nasty parties in Europe. Edit: Here is a Guardian article, [10 good reasons not to vote UKIP](_URL_0_)."
] |
[
"Why is election on weekdays instead of weekends?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
What is the white foamy stuff when you put Hydrogen Peroxide on an infection and why does it become foamy?
|
[
"There are enzymes in your blood that attack the peroxide and turn it into water and oxygen. The bubbles are what that looks like. As a sidenote, though, you should **not** put peroxide on wounds. It kills germs, but it kills everything else it touches, too, including healthy tissue. And since you have a cut you're letting the peroxide in pretty deep. It'll actually impede the healing. Same goes for alcohol, by the way. Warm water and soap are the best thing for a wound. After that, put some antibiotic lotion on it."
] |
[
"When they are cut you introduce oxygen into the cells which combines with an enzyme that oxidizes. You can counter this with acid like lemon juice. LPT: when you cut an apple in half rub some lemon juice on it to stop this from happening"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why wind speed on land is measured in mph while wind speed on the ocean is measured in kn(ots)
|
[
"Using knots as a measurement makes sense on the ocean. 1 knot is 1 nautical mile per hour. 1 nautical mile also represents one minute of longitude at the equator. When sailing was easier to use knots to determine distance traveled when using a chart. One degree of longitude is 60 nautical miles at the equator. The math gets a bit more complex away from the equator, but If I know my latitude, and know I have to travel 5 degrees east, I can calculate the distance required to go in knots much easier. Knots are not needed today with GPS and all the other technology, but due to tradition it is still used. Also, the way to determine speed originally was to throw a piece of wood or something overboard with a rope attached to it. You would have a knot tied at certain intervals, and you would count how many knots passed through your hand in 30 seconds."
] |
[
"knots are a measurement of speed, not distance 1 knot = 1 nautical mile an hour 1 nautical mile = 1 second of latitude So traveling at 32 knots, means you're traveling at 32 NMI, or crossing 32 latitudinal seconds an hour. It's a more accurate unit of measure aboard ships/aircrafts, so virtually everyone in the world use them."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
why isn't inflation in America based on bread/sugar (past) and why is it based on things like price of iPad (present)?
|
[
"Well, it's based on all of those things. It's based on what the average consumer buys and then it's the percentage difference in price between each good. However each good has a weighting on how important they are, bread and sugar being more important than iPads. A rise in the price of bread and sugar leads to a greater increase in inflation percentages than the same rise in iPads. Atleast, that's what I learnt in school I believe Edit: also the goods that are measured change every year or so, items are removed if their popularity drops and are added if they become popular. This year they'll probably remove selfie sticks and add fidget spinners..."
] |
[
"computers, televisions and other technology are crazy cheap in comparison to a few decades ago. a walkman for cassettes was $200-$300 new, now you can get an 8gb ipod for $100 it all depends on where you live. in america the average wage has remained the same since the 60's but cost of living has tripled. if you are thinking the 1900's then things like candles, glass, clothing and other mass produced items are now cheaper than 100 years ago"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How do dogs smell/sense a persons they know without seeing them?
|
[
"Dogs also have really good hearing it could be anything from the particular sound of their car to the rustling of keys. Dogs are very good at recognizing certain patterns."
] |
[
"Dogs have glands in their butts that emit a smell they use to identify themselves. Hence why dogs sniff each others butts. And I guess dogs like to smell their own for reaffirmation and perhaps to get the smell dialed in case they get lost and need to backtrack."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
the OJ Simpson trial and why it was a big deal
|
[
"1. It involved a celebrity 2. It involved a black man who was accused of murdering a white woman, lots of racial tension 3. Despite overwhelming evidence, a team of very expensive lawyers were able manipulate a less competent prosecutor and judge, and allow their client to get away with murder 4. Both before and after the trial, consensus about his guilt or innocence ran along racial lines"
] |
[
"It got main stream news people talking about income inequality other then that nothing."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Social issues:"
}
|
Why are humans unable to consume raw meat such as poultry and beef without becoming sick but many animals are able to?
|
[
"You can consume it without becoming ill. Uncooked meats however are breeding grounds for bacteria. So its got to be handled carefully Steak tartar is raw beef and its considered a delicacy is many places"
] |
[
"Generally speaking blood contains more nutrients than meat but less than the internal organs. The creatures that live of blood alone like any carnivore make the vitamins they need but do not get from their food. For example a cat can make C vitamins, but are not able to produce taurine, which makes sense as cats do not eat fruits, but will eat spiders and other bugs. Humans are the reverse, We need fruit to get C vitamins but luckily we produce taurine so our diet does not need to contain spiders and so on."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
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How do I set the office thermostats to make the most number of people happy?
|
[
"Set it cool to keep the men happy, hand out sweaters to the females."
] |
[
"There is a third choice, get a programmable thermostat. Good ones gather data about how long it takes to cool your apartment to the temp you require. You tell the thermostat when you get home from work and it will turn the AC on so that it just reaches the temp you like when you get home. All the energy savings of only cooling the space once, without the suffering of sitting in high temps while the AC cools it off."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
Why power buttons on power strips say "off" and "reset" instead of "off" and "on"
|
[
"That is a surge protector, not just a power strip. Reset means \"reset the breaker\", like if too much power goes through it it'll turn off but if you flip it on and off again after fixing the power issue it'll come back on, instead of being just a fuse that breaks once and is dead."
] |
[
"It only does it's thing once, no matter how many times you do it. Like \"turning on a flippy light switch\". You turn it on once, and the light's on. If you try to turn it on a second time, the light's still on. That's an idempotent operation. Not like pressing the power button on your phone, where the first press turns it on, the 2nd turns it off, and the 3rd turns it on again. That's not idempotent."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
ELI'veonlyexperienced1season: How does the 4 seasons feel like?
|
[
"In New Jersey, our summers can get up to around 37C, and our winters can get to -17C. Spring and fall are basically the perfect temperatures (fall is a little chillier) but you're really only missing out on one season: winter. And you're not missing out."
] |
[
"Shouldn't this be ELI25? A 5-year-old would know."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
Is it possible to become physically addicted to weed?
|
[
"No. Marijuana is not physically addictive, but it is possible to become psychologically addicted to it."
] |
[
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry in the body. Similarly, if somebody gets addicted to heroin, why would they end up addicted to coffee?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
How can 0's and 1's tell different pieces of hardware in a computer to do certain things?
|
[
"1 and 0 correspond to \"voltage\" and \"no voltage\" on a hardware level. So, for example, when \"1001\" is stored in RAM, it's put in a bank of four capacitors, which go (voltage) (no voltage) (no voltage) (voltage) The voltage (or lack thereof) can then be used to control transistors, which act like little switches. Lots of transistors together can be used to build logic circuits, which do the computing and stuff."
] |
[
"There is no internet. Its a word we use to describe the connections between computers on a global scale. You connect to these computers, called servers, through their address. The data is transferred as quickly as the computer can process them. 0s and 1s symbolize electricity flowing through a wire, or not. This happens *VERY* and I mean *VERY* fucking quickly. Like several million times a second. The computer decodes this and decides what to do with it, be it display a website, connect you to a multiplayer game, or install a virus onto your computer."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Does an ad blocker prevent your bandwidth from being wasted on the ads?
|
[
"Normally, an ad blocker works by blacklisting certain domains, so that stuff embedded from them isn't even loaded. So yes, they do save bandwidth."
] |
[
"A majority of advertisements on websites come from the same source websites: Admob, google ads, etc. Adblock acts as a filter and removes these ads before you see the page. Companies can not circumvent this because all the work is done on your end."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How does a micro chip, which is seemingly just a bunch of metal and plastic, actually remember things and perform tasks?
|
[
"What all that metal and plastic make are a huge amount of transistors which are then used to make what are called logic gates. A logic gate takes two inputs (electrical currents) and produces one output. The two most basic logic gates are the \"and gate\" and the \"or gate\". With \"and\" if both inputs are true (usually a certain voltage of electrical signal like +5v) you get a true output otherwise you get a alse output (usually 0v), with or if either one of the inputs is true you get a true output otherwise you get a false. Using this most basic logic you can build amazingly complex systems including memory. The key is you have a huge number of these gates and they work incredibly fast."
] |
[
"> I'm talking more on a physical level. Like, what is actually going on with all those gold(?) pads and traces? That is an immensely complex question. Those \"gold pads\" are not gold pads, they are densely packed masses of transistors and memory structures. They are so small that even that magnified view has no hope of showing them as anything other than a slightly iridescent sheen of material. In this case they are 14 nanometers which is roughly half the length of a ribosome, or about twice as thick as a cell membrane. Ultimately how computers operate comes down to the concept of a transistor, or a solid-state electrical switch that conducts or insulates a junction based upon the presence of a current on a third wire. By combining those structures basic mathematic operations can be performed, and the results transferred on to other similar structures. How that all translates into what computers do on a daily basis is far too complex for such a forum."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:"
}
|
What is happening in California that is causing such a lack of water?
|
[
"Basically: California gets its rainfall from the ocean. The ocean has been giving less, just as there is escalating demand for water from cities and agriculture. The ocean is providing less rain because of a persistent high pressure \"bar\" off the coast of California preventing rain clouds from forming. This high pressure is associated with a La Niña event, where the Pacific ocean is unusually warm on the Australasian side."
] |
[
"Not much for the average American; but potentially huge improvements in quality of life for Cubans."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Environment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Environment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why were there so many big supporters of eugenics in the early 1900s (e.g., Tesla, Churchill), and what changed from then to now to shift views on the subject?
|
[
"The main reason eugenics fell out of favor is that the people carrying it out were worse than the people they claimed were sub-human. The things the Nazis did ended up convincing just about everybody that eugenics was something only a crazy person would believe in. Eugenics doesnt purify anything, it only kills everybody else and leaves those who believe in it. When somebody does something that awful, its hard for people to accept anything related to it any more."
] |
[
"'The wrong side of history' as a phrase means that an issue that is currently controversial will in the future be seen as obviously one sided. For example slavery in the 19th century had supporters and opponents, now in the 21st century the vast majority agree that its' supporters were wrong. When Obama uses the phrase, he is saying to those who disagree with him on an issue \"In 30 years everyone will be on my side\" in effect."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
Why do ultra conservative Christians care so much about gay marriage but don't care about eating shrimp (forbidden in Leviticus 11:10)?
|
[
"Because Jesus fairly clearly said it was okay, according to the English standard version of the Bible. (Mark 7) > And he called the people to him again and said to them, “Hear me, all of you, and understand: There is nothing outside a person that by going into him can defile him, but the things that come out of a person are what defile him.”And when he had entered the house and left the people, his disciples asked him about the parable. And he said to them, “Then are you also without understanding? **Do you not see that whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile him, since it enters not his heart but his stomach, and is expelled?” (Thus he declared all foods clean.)** And he said, “What comes out of a person is what defiles him. For from within, out of the heart of man, come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, coveting, wickedness, deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride, foolishness, All these evil things come from within, and they defile a person.”"
] |
[
"There is an old covenant and a new covenant. The old covenant was replaced by the new covenant when Jesus did his thing. Many of the old covenant laws (pork and 2 material clothing) were not part of the new covenant and thus are not followed anymore. There are still teachings in the New Testament that would lead Christians to consider homosexuality wrong (such as [Romans 1:24-27](_URL_0_), [1 Corinthians 6:9-11](_URL_1_),) so that is why that particular law is not defunct like the pork and 2 material clothing laws. I think a good thing to point out is that homosexuality is no more of a sin than if I were to lust or lie, so 'homophobia' or hating homosexuals would not at all be considered biblical. I hope this helps and feel free to let me know if you have any other questions, related or unrelated! Edit: Please note also that disagreeing with homosexuality does not make a person homophobic."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
How did Pakistan end up with nuclear weapons?
|
[
"Pakistan got its ass handed to it in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. They ended up having to sign a humiliating surrender, much like Germany post WWI. Pakistan was livid over it, and wanted to put itself in a position where it never had to surrender again, so they invested **a lot** of money and manpower into making nuclear weapons. Also, Saudi Arabia donated a lot of money to the program as well, with the belief that they would be able to simply *buy* a Pakistani nuclear weapon if they ever needed it."
] |
[
"It does have a major issue with North Korea having nuclear weapons."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
how do you cook them . step by step . ?? thank you i need the help .
|
[
"I was wondering the same thing just the other day. Hopefully we can find an expert on ."
] |
[
"My cat has never done this,now im worried im not satisfying my buttons like i should be:-( That sounds weird but ill stick with it anyway"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why does eating the same food everyday make it taste bad after a while?
|
[
"Humans are omnivores. That doesn't just mean we *can* eat a wide variety of foods, it means we *must* eat a variety. Every evolutionary advance, it seems, is a compromise: in return for being able to eat many foods, our bodies don't produce everything we need - the missing ingredients are vitamins and amino acids. To make sure we eat enough of the right types of food, we've evolved also the need for variety in our diets. This may also be why we like so many spices."
] |
[
"Can you? I certainly do not have the same breakfast everyday without getting sick of it. What breakfast do you eat every day?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why does everyone have to die?
|
[
"There's a timer in the cells that make up your body called [the Hayflick Limit](_URL_0_). They can only repair and replicate themselves a set number of times. After that they begin to break down, and the larger body parts and organs that your cells make up begin to break down, too: your joints wear away, your skin loses elasticity. Eventually something vital stops working and you die. Some people's timers are longer than others'."
] |
[
"Also, why does it make me want to yell sometimes?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
Why Are The Winners of Running Competitions Like Marathons Almost Always From Africa?
|
[
"The \"Kenyans\" train very hard. They also train at a very high altitude. When they come down to sea level and run with us puny Americans they have an easier time because of how much oxygen they need to accomplish the same thing. Kind of like how sherpas can jog all over Mt Everest."
] |
[
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Adapted For. Vitamin-D Deficiency Was Very Common In Black Children In The Northern US And Europe Before Modern Technology Made Nutrients More Easily Accessible. Being Black Or Brown Outside Of The Tropics Would Have Been Maladaptive For Most Of Human History Because There Would Not Have Been Enough Sunlight For Proper Nutrient Uptake. Capital Letters."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
why are latitude lines parallel, but longitudinal lines converge at the polls?
|
[
"Because it makes the most sense. If you walk east/west, you're only changing longitude, if you walk north/south, you're only changing latitude. If longitude were defined like latitude, only orthogonal, then you'd get really weird results that would be confusing. For example, there'd be some arbitrary line (wherever the longitudinal equivalent of the equator would be) where things would work as they do now, but anywhere else, moving east/west would cause your longitude to change at different rates depending on your latitude, and also there'd be some latitudes at which certain longitudes aren't possible. And if you went north/south, you'd be changing both your latitude and longitude."
] |
[
"When you give your position on the surface of the earth you use *latitude* and *longitude*. When you give the position of something in the sky you use *declination* and *right ascension*. **Declination** is the equivalent of **latitude**. Simple as that. Just project a plane on the sky outward from the equator of the earth. The equator on earth is 0 degrees latitude. The projection of that line on the sky is 0 degrees declination. Declination runs from -90 degrees to +90 degrees, just like latitude. (There is also something completely different which is *magnetic* declination which has to do with compasses. But I don't think you are asking about that.)"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why are some people "mouth breathers" and other people "nose breathers"?
|
[
"It's more natural for people to breathe through their noses when they are at rest. In about 85% of cases, mouth breathing is caused by blockage in the nasal cavities that prevents people from getting enough air through their noses."
] |
[
"Put your lips together loosely and make the \"Pfft\" sound. To snore is to accidentally do that with your nasal passageway while you sleep. Pretty much any animal can snore if it is trying to sleep when it has stopped-up nasal passageways. Some animals snore more than others based on the anatomy inside their faces (humans snore more than dogs who snore more than cats, for example.) The only thing you can tell about a person based on their snore is that they don't sleep on their side."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
}
|
How is betting allowed on WrestleMania, when the outcome is predetermined?
|
[
"The outcome might be predetermined but it is not publicly announced before it happens. The people that are betting for and against a certain wrestler are not people that know what the outcome will be, only a few people (the production crew and the wrestlers in this case) will actually know what the outcome will be, and they are most likely not allowed to bet on the outcome themselves."
] |
[
"There is no competition. It is a TV show, not a sporting event. The winner is selected by the WWE's writers, who use it as a tool to create drama and tension. It is not necessarily scripted from the beginning -for example if something happens mid-season to a wrestler and he suddenly skyrockets in popularity, scripts will be changed to include more of that wrestler."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Those "fundraisers" that have grade school kids running around selling a company's products door to door. Are they technically legal? If so, why?
|
[
"Of course they're legal, though I believe (if I remember from the days of being a kid) your parents had to sign a consent form; I might be wrong. These fundraisers are often part of a sale of things like Girl Scout cookies, magazines, candy bars and other little stuff. The products are over priced intentionally because the customer knows a portion of the sale is going towards the fundraiser, which is usually used to bring money in to the club or team the child is a part of. That money can go towards things like field trips (camp outs perhaps) as well as incentives/rewards/points the kid can earn by selling certain quotas. Want a new pocket knife Johnny, go sell 40 subscriptions of Mens Health. It's a win for the kid, win for the club they're in, and a win for the customer (if they're honestly interested in supporting their community by purchasing something they want for a little more than retail)."
] |
[
"Because theoretically it is a legitimate business. While it may seem like craziness, there are truly some very successful people who have been able to either sell the product they are forced to buy, or have signed up enough people to gain that residual income. While the business screws people over(who have to buy product in order to attempt success), there is nothing illegal about it. And it is completely elective. Funds aren't being fraudulently redistributed to make it appear like there is a profit, a la a Ponzi scheme. It is a shady way to do business that victimizes illusions of grandeur, yes... just not illegal."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
What was so good about the 'good' old days?
|
[
"People tend to be nostalgic and look back on the past with rose tinted glasses; forgetting bad events or remembering them more fondly than at the time they took place. When something is in the past and not going to happen again or cause you any problems in the future it is much easier to look back on it with a happy thought. Plenty of young people do it too. Go over to /r/gaming and you will find that 10-15 years ago was the high point in media when everything was wonderful."
] |
[
"Recent years? It's been that way since the beginning."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
How did the whole microchip credit card thing start?
|
[
"For under $100, you can buy a device that will write a credit card number to the magstrip on a card. There is virtually *zero* security involved there. It was also becoming increasingly common for criminals to place \"skimmers\" - devices that would capture the number of cards run through it - on ATMs & gas pumps. Those chips, OTOH, are nearly impossible to copy with a single use."
] |
[
"They're banking on people not realizing this point."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why do we all perceive time going in the same direction?
|
[
"There is a concept in physics called the [Arrow of Time](_URL_0_). This is basically the fact that time seems to only flow in one direction, despite the fact that on the smallest scales physics should be independent of the direction in which time flows. However, the reason why this is the case is an outstanding unsolved problem."
] |
[
"Short, incomplete answer: time slows down for you exactly enough to make light move at exactly the speed of light from your perspective."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
}
|
What do people mean when they say a singular sperm contains 35MB of data and how did somebody figure this out?
|
[
"Because a sperm cell contains data in the form of DNA. All cells (except some weird ones like red blood cells) contain DNA. DNA is a code of four base units in groups of 3 in various combinations. A section of a string of DNA might say GGGAAACCC which is GGG, AAA, and CCC, which would correspond to three different amino acids. So, all cells with a nucleus contain data. Sperm cells are a little special because they are small, and contain very little cellular organnelles except a nucleus, mitochondria, and a tail & motor. So proportionally, they contain more data per gram than say, a muscle cell."
] |
[
"The information is encoded in our dna and has been since our conception. And our cells maintain similar structure because it's such a slow transition. But can you honestly say you look or feel the same than you did 7 years ago?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
What's the difference in meaning of the word "liberal" as in 1) Liberal Democracy and 2) Liberal political candidate?
|
[
"'Liberalism' is basically broken down into two broad schools of thought. \"Social liberalism\" is basically what most people think of as \"left-wing\", whereas \"classical liberalism\" is something closer to libertarianism. This explains the difference. Some conservatives embrace aspects of classical liberalism, free market economics, etc. In Australia, the main conservative party is actually called the \"Liberal Party\", based on this broader definition of liberalism. But these people would not identify as social liberals or \"left wing\". The confusion in the US comes because this broader definition of liberalism seems to have been lost, and \"liberal\" seems to mean exclusively \"social liberalism\". (Also note that like many other political terms, \"liberal\" is sometimes just thrown out there as a generic grab-bag political insult, and may not be meant in any literal or meaningful sense)."
] |
[
"Can you be a little more specific? What aspect of \"progressivism\" are you referring to? It's important to note that the modern usage of \"progressive\" in the political context doesn't necessarily coincide with that word in the \"Progressive Era.\""
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
If USPS postman doesn't ask for my sign and drops off package, what's stopping someone from ordering expensive stuff from amazon and claiming it never arrived ?
|
[
"The shipper decides if a signature is needed. I have delivered $5 items requiring a signature and also left $2000 items on a porch when the shipper did not require proof of delivery. Source: Ex FedEx driver"
] |
[
"It is normal for them to leave the package at the door unless the shipper has specifically required that someone sign for it. It's common for residential deliveries to be done this way since most people are working during delivery hours. Sometimes packages are stolen. Now, UPS won't refund you because (and this is important) you are not their customer. The shipper is. This has happened to me before. I contacted the shipper, who sent out a replacement item, and then (I presume) they work out their end with UPS. It really gets to a point that you can save so much money with not requiring a signature that it's cheaper to replace stolen items than to require the signatures."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
What's the big deal with electric vehicles? Doesn't coal still have to burn somewhere to provide the electricity to charge the car, which means that they're still releasing CO2 into the air?
|
[
"The coal plant is more efficient and more cost effective than a car engine at producing power and scrubbing pollutants."
] |
[
"For one, electricity *can* be produced in a green way. And as time progresses, I hope that the amount of green energy will continue to rise. But even if it never happens, big industrial plants can be outfitted with way better filters to make energy production from fossil fuels cleaner. Many such filters are too big to fit into a car. And lastly, we're working on technology to essentially \"burry\" the CO2 from big coal-plants and such underground so it doesn't harm the environment."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
What would happen realistically if North Korea invaded South Korea?
|
[
"they would lose, after completely destroying the country. The first wave of rocket fire would be devastating. It would last as long as it takes for NATO to get in position."
] |
[
"There are numerous reasons: * The biggest is that China considers North Korea to be in its domain of influence. Invading North Korea would supremely piss off China. * Any invasion would risk the lives of soldiers from the invading countries and no country will lightly risk their own soldier's lives. * North Korea has thousands of artillery pieces pointed at Seoul, a city of 10 million people. Any invasion would likely mean countless lives lost in South Korea * What would we do after we invaded and dismantled the dictatorship? Rebuilding the country afterwards would be messy and expensive."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
[meta] Can we put a note about the trillion-dollar coin in the sidebar?
|
[
"Not specifically the trillion dollar coin, but a common question section would be good. There also needs to be much, much more moderation. If someone asks a repeat question that has been asked this often or if someone asks a question that isn't coherent enough to answer it should be deleted."
] |
[
"hi! there's lots of room for more input on this question, but FYI, there is a related section in the FAQ* - check it out for previous discussions: [Mineral resource extraction](_URL_0_) *see the link on the sidebar or the wiki tab"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
How and why did "I have to" come into existence in English as a substitute for "I need to?"
|
[
"The earliest meaning of \"to have\" was \"to grasp\", way back, before English even existed. From there it took on many more functions. First, it started meaning \"to own\", which was not too far from it's original meaning. Then, it became an auxiliary (helping) verb: \"I have seen him\". This happened in Old English, during the Middle Ages. It then became a modal auxiliary, \"to have to\", also in Old English. *Why* this happened is unclear, as always in language. There have been similar developments in other languages with verbs like \"to have\", such as Latin and German."
] |
[
"Historically the meaning was: - shall = something that is definitely going to happen - will = something that you intend to make happen Think of \"will power\" or \"the will to succeed\" or \"last will and testament\" — all are statements of using your *intentions* to influence the future. But in English as in most languages, words drift over time. These days, \"will\" is used as a substitute for \"shall,\" and the old meaning of \"will\" is met with terms like \"intend to\" or \"am going to\" or \"plan to.\""
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
Would our perception of time change if we were many times larger (100x, 150x) than we are today?
|
[
"Yes, probably. Larger animals in general perceive time more slowly, as it takes longer for any impulse to cross their larger nervous systems. That's why it's so hard to catch or swat flies; to them, you're moving in slow-motion. _URL_0_"
] |
[
"The speed of light is 186,282 miles per second. Your speed is .014 miles per second. Or 0.0000075% of the speed of light, relative to the stationary object. At that rate, from the perspective of the stationary object, your time would appear to pass at a rate of 99.999999999999% as fast as in their own frame of reference. Or 79.9999999999992 years. Or 79 years, 364 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds, and 999.98 miliseconds, more or less, would pass from their point of view, for you. [Here](_URL_0_) is the equation for calculating time dilation."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why does getting hit/shot/stabbed/any other type of injury, in the arm hurt less or seems to hurt less than anywhere else on the body?
|
[
"TV is not reality. It hurts like a motherfucker."
] |
[
"Knocking someone out generally causes enough damage to the brain where they need to receive medical attention right away. More specifically, hitting someone hard enough to knock them out is more likely to kill them than cause them to just wake up hours later with nothing more than a minor headache. It is definitely possible to get this effect (known as blunt force trauma) with just about any hard object. That being said, it's very difficult to determine in the middle of a fight the exact minimum amount of force needed to knock them out. In summary, you can hit a person in real life and knock them unconscious, but it's incredibly unlikely that doing so won't kill them or at least cause a lot of brain damage... unless you're in a movie, in which case anything is possible."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Biology/Medicine:"
}
|
Why do people create computer viruses?
|
[
"Some men just want to see the world burn."
] |
[
"They do, its just that there are a lot more Windows PCs out there. The entire purpose of a Virus on a computer is to cause as much trouble as you can before anti-virus updates and eliminates it. Ergo, if you want to cause as much trouble as you can, you write it for windows, not OSX or Linux. There are plenty of examples of viruses and malware written for OSX in the past though."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why is it that over time reposted images become smaller and blurrier?
|
[
"Many websites don't initially display the full image, but a downscaled version of it that you need to view in full resolution by clicking it or opening it in a new window. They do this to reduce unnecessary traffic, for example when people look at it on mobile devices that wouldn't be able to display the full picture anyways. If people don't know know that, they save the smaller version, and when they repost that one, the same thing can happen."
] |
[
"The quality was arguably very good, but there are not many good archives from that time so anything you see most likely comes from a VHS tape, or similar, which might be a recording of the transmission and not even an original/master. VHS tapes can degrade over time. Also the old, smaller image is being stretched to fit a much larger area, so artifacts will appear. The same thing happens to small images scaled up in photoshop for example, pixels become blocky as a little information has to cover a larger space."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
What is the Internet of Things?
|
[
"It's where everything you own would be connected to the internet. For instance your fridge or your fruit bowl. Each device would behave differently and post data to the internet. For instance your fridge would relay its temperature and allow you to adjust it. Maybe your fruit bowl would send you a text when there's been nothing in it for a few days. That way you could theoretically control everything you own from anywhere in the world."
] |
[
"In brief: - To expand territory - To exploit resources - To escape enemies - For protection against enemies - For less competition"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Psychology:"
}
|
Is gravity's effects instantaneous, or does its influence take time to reach an object, like light does?
|
[
"Gravitons move at the speed of light. Gravity is not instant."
] |
[
"We know for sure there is an \"upper limit\" to the speed of light, but the phrasing is misleading. It's not that light happens to travel at c, it's that massless particles travel as fast as causality will allow. Causality is basically the \"speed of happen\". Why is the speed of causality c? It's just one of those universal constants like the force of gravity. Imagine a bomb exploding, it is a fast process but the shockwave still has to travel outward at a given rate of time. If the speed of causality was infinite, time would not exist, as every occurrence in the universe would be happening simultaneously."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
}
|
Why can't I do my taxes like I am a business?
|
[
"The standard deduction, personal exemptions, and progressive tax brackets should accomplish the same goal, without the book keeping effort. That is, you don't pay federal income taxes until you are making above sustenance level of income, and taxes increase as you are more able to pay those taxes."
] |
[
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
If there are so much garbage orbiting the earth such that they collide with each other, how come view of sky is not changed since 20 years?
|
[
"That garbage is really far away and for the most part really small. The ISS is fucking huge in comparison and you can barely see it if you know when and where to look."
] |
[
"Is it not damaged by space trash or rocks floating in space? I heard that those fly as fast as bullets in space and can easily kill you if you get hit"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
Why isn't beer sold in plastic bottles, like soda?
|
[
"_URL_0_ Also, plenty of sporting events and concerts sell beer in plastic bottles so drunk people don't throw glass bottles at each other."
] |
[
"Usually the Coke sold in a glass bottle in the US is made with real cane sugar, as opposed to the corn syrup used in the plastic bottles."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Are the arguments for racial differences in intelligence, such as proposed by the 1994 book 'The Bell Curve', strong or weak?
|
[
"Current theory is less about racial differences and more about socio-economic differences. Poorer groups with less focus on education tend to perform worse on IQ tests than wealthier groups with more focus on education (over the past few generations). Of course, the current theory is largely biased away from connecting intelligence to race, as that is a very socially dangerous topic. It's the same reason we can't say that \"blacks are better at sports in general\", or \"the Jews are better in school in general\", even if it might be true."
] |
[
"I found this [Nautilus article](_URL_4_) about the genetics of race, but it's not really something that you can ELI5. Here's a quote that summarizes the conclusion of the article: > The near impossibility of a definitive, scientific approach to interrogating genes, race, and IQ stands in contrast to the loose claims of pundits or scholars who assert that there is a genetic explanation for the black-white test score gap. That said, the consideration of genetics in racial analysis is not always pernicious. The ability to control for genotype actually places the effects of social processes, like discrimination, in starker relief. Once you eliminate the claim that there are biological or genetic differences between populations by controlling them away, we can show more clearly the importance of environmental (non-genetic) processes such as structural racism. I highly recommend reading through it even if it's a bit challenging to learn all of the genetics terms."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why do so many types of pills result in dry-mouth?
|
[
"A lot of medications have anticholinergic effects, that is, they block the receptors for acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter that induces salivation. Anything that stimulates adrenalin receptors might cause the same effect too"
] |
[
"They dry out your eyes and can lead to infection."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
When can you carry something heavy why do you always only 'just make it'?
|
[
"For the same reason you always have to pee more the closer you get to a bathroom when you really have to go. Your mind sets limits and your body reacts to those limits."
] |
[
"i just drop like a sack of potatoes. So if there is such a mechanism i want to ask the follow up question why mine doesn't work?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
Why are movies rated PG-13, but TV shows rated TV-14 in the US? Why do they increase the age by 1 for TV shows?
|
[
"The film ratings system is administered by the Motion Picture Association of America, while television content ratings are governed by the Federal Communications Committee. Other than that there really isn't a reason."
] |
[
"The Motion Picture Association of America rates movies based on their guidelines. A movie does not have to be rated, but many theaters wont air an unrated movie."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
How does electricity get converted to movement in machines?
|
[
"Magnets. If you coil wire around a piece of metal and apply electricity, you make an electromagnet. If you also have a regular magnet nearby, you can get them to pull together. If you also set this up in a cycle, you can keep applying electricity and pulling to the next magnet, and create a motor."
] |
[
"Heat already is energy, it just gets converted into a different kind. The heat is used to boil water to create steam and the steam is used to spin turbines. It's kind of like how we get power from coal, only with a different heat source."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
How do musicians sample older songs?
|
[
"There are many ways to do this, but procuring original individual tracks is not one of them. I'm not going to type a novel here, but EQ, filters, and other effects are commonly used."
] |
[
"How can you sing along mentally the first time?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title about music:",
"pos": "Represent the document about music:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How come Americans have large portion sizes and relatively cheap prices for their food?
|
[
"When you go to a restaurant, you pay for the service first, then for the actual food. As a rule of thumb, the ingredients usually make up only 1/4 to 1/3 of the costs. Additionally, the work of preparing a dish twice as large usually isn't twice as much for the chef. So it comes down to the customer's expectations. Americans expect large meals, so the restaurants deliver - without hurting their profits much."
] |
[
"Lowest common denominator customer who buys cheap fast food is ceasing to exist in modern American as the standard of living rises and people learn about basic nutrition. You can get a healthy fast casual meal for a few bucks more in a nicer restaurant."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
Does drinking water actually have a flavor?
|
[
"If they were all pure H2O, they would taste the same. However, water from different sources have different chemicals and minerals in them - it's not \"just\" water by a long shot. Different bottlers, different municipalities and other water sources all have different kinds and amounts of impurities that affect the taste of water."
] |
[
"Water in bottled water is flavored with minerals to give it a specific taste. Other waters lack these minerals. So when you introduce the second fill of water you taste a difference because the two waters have different flavors. These minerals added can hide other tastes in the water, for example a plastic odor that is only revealed in the non-mineral water."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
}
|
When repaving a road, why do they skip the overpass?
|
[
"I don't think they can pave continuously because of the expansion joints."
] |
[
"Those look like the patching that is applied over old lines on the road when new ones are painted, to prevent confusion from two sets of lines."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
What is Matroid Theory?
|
[
"It is like matrix on steroids. Matrices are studied in linear algebra and they are easy because they have a well understood structure with straightforward consequences. Matrices are are hard because such said rules are still much more abstract that what you see in high school or basic calculus. Matroids are like matrices except that they are even more general and will thus remain unaccessible until you master linear algebra. Matroids are useful in graph theory, combinatorics, and coding theory."
] |
[
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Education:"
}
|
How do induction cooktops stay cool to the touch but still effectively heat pans?
|
[
"First of all, heat is pretty much just vibration among atoms. More heat = more vibration. The \"cooktops\" (never heard that specific word before) use \"induction\" to make electrons move in the pan. That basically means that they uses a magnetic field to push around electrons so much that they start to colliding with the atoms to create heat, they \"induce\" an electric current (and and electric current is of course just electrons that move). And the reason for why it's cool to touch is that it's much harder for that magnetic field to induce a current in your hand compared to in the metal of the pans. It's simply easier to make electrons move in a metal than in organic materials (which accounts for most of your body). So there's almost no electrons caused to jump around in your hand, but a lot of them is made to jump around in the pan."
] |
[
"It's easier to control the heat. If I go from high heat to low heat on a gas range, the change happens instantly. If I go from high heat to low heat on an electric range, I have to wait at least a few seconds for the heat to actually change enough to slow down the cooking process. The reverse is also true -- hot takes longer to get on an electric range. Gas is instant."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why is gold worth so much?
|
[
"For most of history, gold was the densest substance known. So when it came to making money, gold was the natural choice. Anything you might try to adulterate a gold coin with would make it lighter, so you could instantly know it was a fake just by weighing it. Gold provided a degree of security that no other metal could match."
] |
[
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
Why are Swiss bank accounts always mentioned when pursuing (in movies and in real life) supposedly corrupt individuals? Why are they usually tied in with large amounts of money that has been illegally obtained? Why are they the rich, corrupt individuals bank of choice?
|
[
"Laws in Switzerland mean banks do not have to give personal information to police or government upon request. So a lot of criminals put their illegally made money into a Swiss bank account knowing the Police will never be able to find out who owns the account or how much money is in it or where the money came from. It's a way of cutting off the paper trail without storing it all in cash"
] |
[
"This is what happens when you read a headline and not the article (unless you are talking in a hypothetical, but I am going to assume you are referring to the HSBC leak from earlier this month). HSBC did not steal anything. There were $100 billion worth of assents found in Swiss back accounts that were unreported income by the individuals that deposited the money there. HSBC was merely storing the money for wealthy individuals completely within the laws of Switzerland (where the back in located). There are some people talking about opening an investigation, but at this stage there is no indication that HSBC has done anything wrong. Some of the individuals that deposited money in the bank were doing so to avoid paying taxes on that money in their home countries. This is tax evasion but it is the individuals breaking the law, not the bank, and none of this money was stolen."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
I'm sufffering, first world drama style, from the common cold. Please ELI5 the epic battle between the virus and my immune system.
|
[
"First, the virus enters the cells in your body. Then it uses all the machinery in the cell to make more viruses. Then it pops the cell to release all the new viruses. This is not healthy. ~~Rinse and~~ repeat. At some point your body realizes this is happening. Its usual response is to raise your temperature, giving you a fever. This has two uses: * Makes your body a terrible place for viruses. They hate the heat (seriously). * Increases your body's production of the things that fight the virus, due to... an explanation that goes beyond ELI5. Anyway, other signs of infection like muscle pain, vomiting, headaches, diarrhea etc. etc. are all caused by either the the virus destroying your cells or are a side result of your body destroying the virus."
] |
[
"Cause you're compressing your face thus squeezing your tear ducts which causes them to then excrete some tears? Question mark due to knowing basic anatomy and phys and not having reviewed in awhile, just a guess on my part. I am not an expert."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Biology:"
}
|
How to ophthalmic emulsifiers work?
|
[
"If you leave a bowl of water on your kitchen counter for a few days it will dry up (water evaporation). Similarly, your eyes will dry up faster if you only had water on them. To prevent that, your eyes has a thin layer of lipids (like oil) that reduces water evaporation. Certain eyedrops (refresh endura, systane balance, etc.) have emulsifiers that helps stabilise the fatty layer to reduce evaporation/dryness."
] |
[
"It helps them examine patients in environments with poor lighting. It acts as a reflector. Edit: Spelling. Typical reddit :)"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
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