query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does the U.S. support a dictatorial government in Yemen (a country under sharia law), denouncing the rebels, but has the exact opposite stance in Syria? | [
"Because every geopolitical move America makes is based on either money, or power. Ideals dont even factor. If your totalitarian dictator supports American hegemony, he will get weapons and support, if your democratically elected secular government challenges us or sides with a rival, all of a sudden rebel separati... | [
"You do realize that at least Israel is one of the most moderate states in the Middle East. Would you like to support Syria instead? Which gasses its own citizens, oppresses women and is under a harsh dictatorship. Unfortunately, the only moderate state in the Middle East, happens to be Israel, Turkey, and Oman. Ad... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Moore's Law - Does computing power really double every 18 months? Will this ever plateau out? | [
"I think it has already plateaued out - and it not likely to continue to increase at a ridiculous pace like it did in the 90/2000's a couple of reasons for this: 1. Size/Heat - In order to continue to make their products faster and more powerful, they had to make the products either smaller and/or figure out a bett... | [
"Your topic and your description are two different things. Quantum computing is unlikely to make the computers used by consumers faster. It is a new kind of computation being explored with the hopes that it may lead to techniques that will allow us to easily solve problems that are traditionally very solve to hard ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If a person was shrunk down to fit in the palm of one's hand, would their voice become high-pitched like in it does in movies? | [
"I would imagine so. Itty bitty vocal folds and all that. To quote from [Wikipedia](_URL_0_): The perceived pitch of a person's voice is determined by a number of different factors, most importantly the fundamental frequency of the sound generated by the larynx. The fundamental frequency is influenced by the ***le... | [
"It is a joke about how, in most cartoons focusing on children, the adults are always seen from the waste down, never showing their face in order to show things from the child's perspective. In Cow & Chicken, they made is literal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between a battery pack in series and a battery pack in parallel?( Please forgive my stupidity) | [
"A cell has 2 properties, voltage and current. Having multiple cells in series increases the voltage provided by the battery but doesn't effect the current. Having multiple cells in parallel increases the current provided by the battery but doesn't change the voltage."
] | [
"> Electricity must return to it's source No it doesn't. Electricity flows from areas of high potential to low, the battery is just convenient in that it has two ends, one with high potential and the other with low. The electricity might as well be flowing to ground. > the electricity continuing back towards the b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are personal aircraft so expensive? Is it parts/construction or is it because it's a luxury item? | [
"A few reasons, the main one being FAA certification and relatively low volume. Similar to like how all cars must be crash tested on the road and how safety items on your car must have NHTSA certification all the expensive parts of an airplane who's failure could lead to a crash require FAA certification. This is o... | [
"I would say in short, rarity. These cars have low production numbers and variations can be made more frequently or tailored to each buyer. And at least based on their marketing, each car is unique, like a work of art. Factory cars by contrast offset the cost of the machinery and design through economy of scale. Ev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is PewDiePie so widely popular, despite many people claiming to hate him? | [
"He appeals mostly to a younger demographic than you probably associate with. There are a fuckton of 13 year olds on Earth so Pewdiepie can have huge viewership while still being hated by everyone over 21 (which isn't even the case)."
] | [
"There is generally a large audience and usually total anonymity. Combined with the fact that virtually no moderation exists, it is a venue for people to express their worst, most ill-conceived thoughts to a large audience with no consequence. There are entire YouTube networks of extremely racist videos and users. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do a lot of the elderly wear pastel/beige colours ? | [
"The elderly generally aren't clothes-horses like us when we are younger because they don't have to go to work or social events every day. So they generally have less selection in their clothes. Pastels and beiges are a somewhat bright and cheery and clean-looking but not over-the-top way of comfortably dressing da... | [
"Same reasons some some consider pink, purple and pastels to be \"girly\" colors. Or why traditionally men wore pants and women dresses, men have short hair and women long. Archaic gender norms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:"
} |
Why do we grab our heads when something goes wrong? | [
"It's body language. It's the same reason you may cross your arms when angry or scratch your chin when in deep thought. Humans move their bodies when communicating because it helps \"ease the mental effort when communication is difficult\", but I don't have a source for that. In fact, there are even some that say ... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can Disney celebrate 100 years of magic if the company started in 1923? | [
"Fun answer: Because magic. Real answer: [Because they started celebrating in 2001.](_URL_0_) Ain't no party like a Disney party, because a Disney party is contractually obligated to never end."
] | [
"It has been so successful because it is a return to the Disney animation of old. That means big song and dance numbers, a beautiful princess and a dashing prince who has a lovable pet. Throw in a character that is magical in some way and you're in. Think about the structure of movies like Beauty and the Beast or A... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are humans completely dependent on their guardians for so long? | [
"There are two primary reasons: 1 At Birth) If we waited until our brains were developed enough to walk and do a bunch of other stuff, our heads wouldn't be able to pass through the birth canal. Our heads are really big relative to our bodies. 2 During childhood)We also just have a lot more to learn because we ar... | [
"We are the apex predator on the third planet from a minor star. Meaning comes from how we treat each other and care for our planet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do dogs use their back foot to scratch their ear instead of their front foot? | [
"Several reasons: Torque. Back legs on quadrupedal animals like dogs are very strong, as they're used to push off during a sprint. The back leg can scratch harder than front legs. Angle. Most dogs can barely get their front paws over their snout, making putting them places like behind their head out of the questio... | [
"Animals don't have the same movement in their legs/paws/etc, and most probably their brains aren't wired up to think of them in the same way we do our hands. To them, petting with their forelegs would probably feel like us petting someone with our feet. They pet/show affection for each other using other techniques... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what's the deal with the Holy trinity? Why is it still monotheistic? | [
"The Trinity distinguishes between persons and beings, or in layman terms one what and three who's. God is one what (being) with three who's (persons). Each person is 100% God, co-equal (of equal power) and co-eternal (having existed forever). One person is not 1/3 of God because God is infinite and it is impossibl... | [
"Agree: Jesus Christ is our lord and savior Disagree: God is divisible, ex. Trinity, saints, communion, role of pope, women ministers, can ministers marry, everything else besides the first statement."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it that in the 1900s and up into the early 2000s there were a lot of bands that were "number one" for years at a time but now there are seemingly more one hit wonders. | [
"It's the way people buy music now. In the 90's, etc people bought albums. Now people buy single songs. It's a much shallower experience and the interest doesn't last as long. People are much more likely to gravitate to the next one hit wonder."
] | [
"There has been a bit of innovation in music. There are new instruments, novel styles, and synthesized music plays a big role. However, the biggest factor is really classification. When you've got genres like metal, heavy metal, nu metal, metalcore...there is a desire to claim a niche genre, but of course you could... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Music:"
} |
Why is black and white considered as "no color"? | [
"Cameras were not filming in the black and white colors, they where basically filming the absence or presence of light. No color could be said as no definable color, as in it shows all or none of the colors, but not a distinctive color from the light spectrum."
] | [
"It's a mixture of colors and can't be defined by one wavelength. So is any kind of brown. No big deal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does Universal Studios theme parks have "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter" when Harry Potter is produced by Warner Brothers? What kind of deals had to happen here to deal with trademarks etc? | [
"WB owns the film rights. The IP belongs to JK Rowling. Rowling originally went to Disney to add the Harry Potter park to Disney's parks. But Disney didn't want to give Rowling as much say in the park creation as she wanted. Universal did, so they got the park."
] | [
"they sold the rights of some of their characters to other studios a long time ago. This was before they had any plans to make their own films. Fox bought the X-Men and Fantastic 4. Sony bought Spiderman. A few others were sold off as well. The money from doing this was what allowed them to make the first Iron Man ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it so easy to fall asleep in upright position in a brightly lit lecture hall? | [
"Going because you have to as opposed to wanting to / Hungover / Sleep deprived / Droning voice going on and on and on / Uninteresting subject pick and choose out of any of those. It's possible to sleep in an upright position in almost any circumstance. Just don't fall asleep resting on your raised arm/hand. Bad st... | [
"Your body doesn't really feel like its in a dangerous situation. It feels like your strapped into a comfy cushy seat, in a heated compartment listening to music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
What does it really mean when a famous person/public figure gets an "honorary doctorate?" Is it actually worth anything, or just a kind gesture? | [
"It's only meant to be a gesture. Universities generally note that the recipient can add the letters after their name, but should not use the title Dr. except in interactions with the school that granted the degree. Most honorary degrees are specially titled along the lines of LL.D (Doctor of Laws) or Sc.D. (Doctor... | [
"It's an award it doesn't really do anything in itself. What comes with the award is up to the city. Its more of a tradition then anything else."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Hypothetically speaking, what would happen if nobody voted this election? | [
"Then democracy would lose. If the public was able to send a message that strong to the government then I think they'd focus on reforming our political system. Or Donald Trump would just buy his way into office."
] | [
"Someone told them what the answer is supposed to be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why don't downloaded games, burnt to DVDs work on the Xbox 360 etc? | [
"Xbox games have a special key and protection mechanism burnt onto the discs that only the xbox disc drive can unlock. A random burnt dvd will not pass this test. **ELI5**: Xbox does a handshake with the disc before it will load a game."
] | [
"Before: You would't be able to play without internet conection and games were to be like steam games, linked to your profile/console. Now: You will no longer need to be online to play. You will be able to lend, sell and rent games. Just like you do with PS3 and X360 games"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do you Depressurize a compartment, say you're in space and you want to go outside without losing all your precious air. | [
"You suit up enter the air lock seal it, then you pump the air that's in the airlock into a tank so you're in vacuum, then you open the outer doors. Once you are back from spacewalk, seal outer door. Slowly empty holding tank to repressurize the air lock, the open inner door."
] | [
"Their internals are at the same pressure and push back Humans can withstand immense pressure too, as long as we ramp into it slowly and are breathing a pressurized gas. The pressurized gas keeps your internal pressure high enough to counter the external pressure The deepest recorded scuba dive was 1044 feet, the p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why people are so upset that Ford is switching the body material of the F-150 to aluminum from steel | [
"Aluminum doesn't play well into the machismo aspect of truck ownership. Its the stuff your wife uses to cover her egg salad. In contrast steel or iron conjure images of sweaty hammer swinging riveters. Also change is really hard for some people."
] | [
"150 refers to 1500 pounds, 250 to 2500 pounds, etc. Like a Chevy 1500, 2500 etc. Ford just takes the last digit off. At one point this was how much you could carry/tow, now trucks can probably tow a lot more than that, but it's a model designation. You can also call them 1/2 ton, 3/4 ton, and 1 ton pickups. Actual... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How can YouTube channels that post music, make money by posting someone else's song on their channel? | [
"Maybe : - they asked for permission. - they take down the video if the author ask. - they are sharing the money with the author. - the author doesn't care. Free advertisement. Could be any of those."
] | [
"They sell ads to companies... those ads get displayed at the beginning or the middle of some popular videos, and YouTube shares the proceed with the owner of the video."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Random Number Generation so important for IT security? | [
"I'm thinking of an ATM PIN. What number am I thinking of? If you can guess it, you can access my checking account. It's like guessing a password. If I use a system to generate my ATM PIN that seems random, but can actually be reproduced (like taking my birthday and scrambling the order of the digits), someone cou... | [
"Do you have any programming experience at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Leverage (in regards to finance) | [
"Leverage is borrowing money. Borrowed money in finance is normally used to put it to more productive uses (profit, in part, comes from the difference in returns between what you used the borrowed money to produce and the cost of borrowing it). More leverage means more profits (but also more risk that a change in ... | [
"Entirely different (but related) fields of study. Economics is ultimately about studying how people make decisions. The focus is primarly on how people, companies and countries make decisions to employ resources (which are scarce) to maximize their value. Business is a broad field which includes Finance and covers... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does listening to your favorite song over and over eventually make you hate it? | [
"Music is art. And one of the things that make art so relevant and great is the element of surprise. Everyone likes a little surprise in their music. So the more predictable (or memorized), the less you can experience the joy of this element of surprise."
] | [
"You see or heard something that reminded you of the song. However, your brain is not satisfied just remembering the song. Your brain can't find closure and throws it on a loop. That's why listening to it usually helps; the brain has heard it all again and can end the song in a natural manner. Think about it, you n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are humans attracted to the foreign? | [
"Biologically, animals are attracted to members outside their clan to increase their gene diversity. It decreases the odds that your children would be born with 2 recessive genes for any trait. If humans didn't keep records or strong family ties, and you just met the cute girl down the street that looks similar to ... | [
"Different, but not too different. That's the golden rule. That's why you aren't attracted to trees, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
Pressurized staircase in hotel? | [
"It means that fan pumps air into the stairwell. This is a fire evacuation safety measure, so that if you open the door from your burning corridor into the stairwell, the positive air pressure will push the smoke back allowing you to escape and close the door. It means that holding the door open will cause people's... | [
"High pressure air moving to fill low pressure air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
So how do you actually "live off the interest" if you come across a large sum of money or win the lottery? | [
"> Do you just hire a financial advisor or go to an investment bank and assume your tons of money will grow steadily over time? Most people would do this, yes."
] | [
"Cash and liquid assets don't make you any money. If you invest your wealth, it can make you more money, but it's not in a form that you can immediately spend. I wouldn't have a million in cash on hand unless I had an immediate need to spend a million dollars on something."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:"
} |
How coding differs in asia (using characters and reading top-down | [
"Programming languages are usually not localized. That is, someone writing code in Java will write the same words in the same direction no matter what human language they may speak. Even computing languages developed in Asia (like Ruby) typically follow Western conventions of characters and word orientation."
] | [
"Modern globalization. Plenty of languages (those read right to left in particular) historically didn’t use any punctuation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are a lot of people scared of dolls/mannequins, or other humanoid-shaped things? | [
"For dolls/mannequins, it is called the uncanny valley. Basically, everything that tries to emulate a human being will have its flaws look monstrous to some people."
] | [
"They are not newborn. They are either realistic looking mannikins or four-month old babies slathered in blood makeup."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does a headache disappear after like 3 hours of sleep but it doesn't when you are 3 hours awake? | [
"Headaches have a myriad of different causes. Some are related to the food you've eaten, or something you have had to drink. Some headaches are caused due to constriction of blood vessels which can cause a headache to get more acute when walking around due to an elevated blood pressure. When you sleep, your body re... | [
"Sometimes I get the opposite effect. I'll be asleep for a good 8 or so hours, but when I wake up, it feels as though I literally just closed my eyes, and couldn't have been asleep for more than 2 minutes. Could someone explain that like I'm five? Edit: The thing is, that I don't necessarily feel tired or weak the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
Why do engineers use I-beams when the triangle is the strongest shape. | [
"I-beams are intended to span between columns, so they specifically need to be optimised to handle *bending*. When a beam (any beam) is loaded, it bends in the middle, and its internal stress varies between max tension at the bottom and max compression at the top. It turns out that the most efficient way of handlin... | [
"Actually it is for strength. An arch is incredibly strong and puts far less strain on the materials than a flat surface."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can an odor be contained? | [
"An odor is a series of particles dispersed in the air that land in your nose and dissolve on your epithelium in your nose, which then signals the brain about what just dissolved on it, which is what we perceive as smells. So, anything that can contain particles dispersed in air can contain an odor. It would have ... | [
"They act as invisible doors to keep bugs out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do many pictures from the black and white era look high definition? | [
"Because they're analog, and not taken by a crappy cell phone camera. Actual, real, photographic film is as high a definition as it gets."
] | [
"Compared to everything else at the time, they looked pretty much the same. Also, you're probably watching on a much nicer screen now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does laser eye surgery work? | [
"Laser eye surgery cuts a small flap of your cornea to start. Then, ultraviolet light is used to reshape the inner surface of the cornea, correcting the curvature. The result allows the image to be correctly focused on the retina. [Souce](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"They are subtly different surgeries to correct for irregular vision - the difference lies in the execution of the surgery and techniques used, but the overall goal to correct vision is the same. Some people that might not be good candidates for LASIK might inquire about LASEK though, because of the differences of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do homeless people survive snowy winters? | [
"In many areas, homeless shelters and other charitable organizations open more beds in the winter time. Some may \"fly south.\" Any form of shelter, even unheated, can provide relief from winter weather; many will squat in abandoned buildings. Also, just because a person is homeless doesn't mean they are without he... | [
"The Southern US doesn't experience cold weather as frequently as other regions so is unused to it. Also southern cities are less prepared to handle the weather conditions that come from colder weather (e.g., ice, snow). People also have less experience driving in those conditions and have accidents or are afraid t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why do you get nightmares when you're feet are uncovered? | [
"This sounds very much like confirmation bias. Unless you can provide some evidence that this phenomena exists, it would be hard to explain it."
] | [
"dehydration after sleeping too long. stretch your limbs when you get up and drink some water and eat something you'll be back in shape faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
how long would it take to breed a almost truly intelligent animal? | [
"Actually a lot of dogs are smarter than wolves. But when we breed animals we're usually not aiming for intelligence. Smarter things are cool and all but they're smart - they need intellectual stimulation, they break shit and mess around and don't listen to you and manipulate you because they're smart and it's bene... | [
"We don't artificially grown chickens and pigs. We give them steroids and vitamins to help them grow faster but we don't have a cloning machine i.e.: brave new world style. Also cloning isn't a simple process. Its very VERY expensive, were talking several times what you make per year (assuming you make < 100k) to c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why did the ruins of Rome and Greece become "ruins"? | [
"Long term exposure to the elements with no one repairing the structure and in some cases people actually breaking up and taking stone away for building materials."
] | [
"hi! you'll find a few more morsels of info in these threads * [What was life like as a university student in 19th century Europe?](_URL_2_) * [When tourism in the modern sense begin? Has it always been common for people to go on 'vacations'?](_URL_0_) * [At what point did the buildings of Ancient Rome stop being j... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is Fantasy Football and how does it work? | [
"It's a (seconardy) game that piggybacks off of the actual NFL games. A bunch of people get together, and \"draft\" their prefered players, from anywhere in the league. When the real teams play, the 'drafted' players points are tallied, like how many yards did they run, how many touchdowns did that player make or t... | [
"1. MLS is gaining popularity throughout the United States. 2. Americans love an underdog story. 3. Football season doesn't start till Sep 4, 2014. Edit: Spelling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is that strange feeling of numbness we get when we wake up in the middle of the night? | [
"Yer probably describin' the physical consequences of *sleep paralysis.* Yarr! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Sleep Paralysis ](_URL_6_) 1. [ELI5: Sleep paralysis and why it happens. ](_URL_5_) 1. [ELI5: Sleep Paralysis ](_URL_7_) 1. [ELI5: Sleep paralysis? ](_URL_2_) 1. [ELI5... | [
"Depends. What kind of waking up are you talking about? The one where you have no chance to go to sleep again (insomnia style) or more like waking up, realizing it’s still bed time, rolling to the side and going back to sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Biology:"
} |
why all the big leaks, even from 2016, look like they have been typed on a typewriter? Surely in this day and age, there must be more modern font than a typewriter. | [
"It's because they use a monospace font. That means every letter takes up the same amount of space (instead of \"l\" taking up less room than \"W\"). The emails were not sent in that font. The text was extracted and styled with that font."
] | [
"Scroll down to the bottom, that site is not real. It also says Not over the whitehouse in the logo. Also it has parody written on the site header I dont think you would ever see a method of launching weapons like that on the public internet, it would be far far to tempting a target for international hacking teams.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do blind people dream? | [
"In the case of people who are born blind, they just dream as they see the world normally. So they just dream in terms of sounds, touch, and smells. How people dream is based on the maximum sight they had, for example if someone has bad eyesight or goes blind later in life, but they did have normal eyesight at some... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why do we usually say "ow" when we hurt ourselves? | [
"Short answer is both social conditioning (we grew up hearing other people saying it, so we mimic it) as well as vocalizations actually helping to reduce pain. Studies have shown that verbal expressions, especially swearing, actually reduce pain."
] | [
"I think because you don't actually know your tongue is there when you bite it accidentally, your main purpose is to chew the food, not your tongue. When you bite it on purpose you won't actually bite it with your full power, it's a natural instinct. The same concept on biting your finger, you can actually tear you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a Sociopath? | [
"If you hurt somebody else, then you will feel bad because you feel their pain. If your bunny gets its leg hurt, you feel bad because you feel its pain. Somebody who is a sociopath doesn't feel others pain and so can sometimes do things that are very, very horrible with feeling bad about it."
] | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Would a cell phone work in space? | [
"The main problem would be heat. Cell phones passively cool themselves via the air, but there's a distinct lack of air in space, so despite the near 0C temperatures in space, without a way to get rid of heat (apart from blackbody radiation), the phone would overheat. If you could cool it, then it should function."
... | [
"Welcome to the internet. It's now open late, seven days a week worldwide. Does this person live and work in China? Kenya? Canada? Brazil? A lot more information would probably be a good idea. Just saying."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
The current stock market situation and crash. | [
"[This is a long overdue correction, IMO. If you look at a chart over decades rather than the last week or month or year, you will see nothing out of the ordinary. Click \"max\" and look at that chart. You will see that the stock market is doing quite well, thank you.](_URL_0_{\"range\":\"max\",\"allowChartStacking... | [
"Value compared to the rest of the world is rising. But inflation is still happening."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Is light produced from a light bulb the same as the light produced by the sun? | [
"Yes. Actually its extremely similar in that both emit a continuous spectrum that is called [black body radiation](_URL_0_) as contrasted to eg. LED lights that only produce spikes at certain wavelengths."
] | [
"> Imagine turning off that flashlight, what happened to the light that came from the flashlight? The light that was emitted keeps on going until it hits something. > Imagine the same scenario but with a laser pointer, does the same thing happen to the laser? Same thing, yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is cardio? What is actually happening as I get better at running? | [
"Increased blood volume, stronger muscles (that are also more efficient and durable), and slightly reshaped bones are three of the things that you get from training that make you better at cardio."
] | [
"Depends on your desired result. If you want to get anywhere, then no. If you only want to work up a sweat, then sure. But your muscles won’t get the same exercise. That’s the idea of treadmills: running in place with the benefits of actual running."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did climate change, a natural, scientific issue, become a political issue? Furthermore, how does acceptance of it support the liberal agenda and go against the conservative agenda? | [
"If \"climate change was real\" it would force companies to spend money to stop them from accelerating climate change. So, this is a matter of cherry picking data in order to make money. In the US, the left is typically pro-environment and pro-regulation (to that end), and the right is pro-business, anti-regulation... | [
"In broad strokes: Rep. favor less taxation, corporate rights, defense expenditures, and have adopted Christian principles to guide moral issues (abortion, gay-marriage) Dem. favor social programs, workers rights, entitlement program spending, and generally feel moral issues are open to individual interpretation It... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does my stomach growl more in class than when Im home all day if im starving at both places? | [
"Your stomach can sense the stomachs of other people and has to show its dominance. So it makes loud growling noises to show that you are the alpha stomach and you are not to be messed with. Also, your stomach will growl more when you are out on a date in a quite movie theater as a sort of mating call. Its a primal... | [
"I am on board with you mate. I experience the same thing. You would think that since you ate more recently (and supposedly your metabolism slows down when you are sleeping) that you should be less hungry than if you went to bed on an empty stomach. * I would add as a followup question: Why am I NOT hungry when I w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do adults and teens have differently shaped knee caps? | [
"Hi, there. I thought maybe I could chime in here, as I know a thing or two about the subject. Knee caps do not change shape with age. Source: I am an adult and I know how bones work."
] | [
"The best things come in pairs, breasts, testicles, sandwiches, butt cheeks, you get the gist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do drums hold 55 gallons? | [
"A standard drum is actually designed to hold 200 litres (a nice round number) with a little air space on top. That works out to about 55 gallons."
] | [
"British gallons are about 20% larger than US gallons."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is a smart and dumb friendship duo of two people always portrayed on TV? | [
"At least in TV land, usually the \"dumb\" person is the audience stand in. They ask questions the audience night want to know the answers to which gives the smart person a reason to explain what they're talking about in a way that TV viewing audiences can understand (see Bones, Big Bang Theory, Fringe, Eureka as j... | [
"Because she is incredibly dense. A mixture of her over-friendly non-Canadian Canadian joyfulness pings a bad ring with many people especially with a mix of how she talks about thinks like she knows about things but is sadly mistaken when put to the test. Also the very idea this woman could have been an American Vi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is flexibility attractive in women? | [
"nope its all about the sex, for me its just the idea of what it means is on the table for us to be able to do. I may be able to try new positions with a more flexible partner. Is it a huge deal? no, but its enough to get a few thoughts rushing through my head."
] | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is the US tax code so exploitable? | [
"It's set up so that the government isn't taxing you for things that they shouldn't. It's up to you to declare the things that are \"immune\" to being taxed. Some people are more savvy when it comes to discovering these things, and it can appear as an exploit to those who don't understand."
] | [
"why are their tax rates so much higher?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Education:"
} |
Why does medicine taken under the tongue enter the blood stream faster? | [
"Under the tongue, there are a large number of blood vessels/capillaries. There, the drugs can enter your bloodstream without going through your digestive system."
] | [
"It depends on how fast you need it to act. Injecting into the muscle tissue is easiest and entails the least amount of risk. The drug is then absorbed through the fluids around the cells and eventually into the bloodstream. When you need something to act faster, though, you inject directly into the bloodstream whe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The important differences between republican and democrat? | [
"Republicans want government involvement in social issues, democrats want it in economic issues."
] | [
"It means a political group formed for the common people, public well-being. In practical terms, it is no different than a state, it just uses a different word on its stationary."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why is 42°C concidered a fatal temperature for humans, are components overheating like in a computer? | [
"Components heating like in a computer is a good analogy... there are many things going wrong in your body at this temperature but one of the key things is your body is full of complicated biological molecules called _enzymes_ which control all the chemical reactions that keep us alive. Enzymes are made out of prot... | [
"it's cooling the \"microwave emitting plate thingys\" they eat a lot of power and subsequently generate a lot of heat like a computer motherboard."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is a homeowners association and why can't they give you orders on what your house/garden should look like? | [
"HOAs are typically started by a developer who owns a big group of properties they're selling off. Essentially, when anyone buys a house in their development, they agree to join and abide by the HOA as a part of their purchase contract. Once a certain number of homes are sold, the developer typically turns the HOA ... | [
"You join it when you purchase the property. The property comes with a covenant, which states that you will abide by the HOA rules for as long as you own the property, and that anyone you sell the property to has to agree to also abide by the rules. So, yes, you can quit the HOA by selling the property -- but the p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do snipers work in pairs? | [
"sniper scout teams work in pairs. a spotter and a shooter. the shooter's role is to focus on the target and making the shot. the spotter's role is to provide a broader field of view, determine windage, elevation, calculate distance to field markers, provide wide view intel, as well as covering the shooter."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happens when you're knocked out/become unconscious? | [
"What you experience, or physiologically? In terms of experience, I've passed out twice from an injection-induced vasovagal syncope. I'm not afraid of needles, they just make me pass out for some damn-fool reason. Anyhow, both times it was like a jump-cut in a movie. I'm really, REALLY light-headed, and then all of... | [
"A sleeping person will react to outside stimuli. Dunk their head in water and they'll wake up from the water or they'll cough and splutter and wake up. An unconscious person doesn't react to outside stimuli. Dunk their head in water and they'll drown unless they regain consciousness. The whole slap an unconscious... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology/Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology/Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we get addicted to things? | [
"mainly due to positive association and receptors. When you enjoy something your brain produces dopamine, seratonin, oxytocin, and endorphines which is basically the chemicals responsible for happiness. So when you enjoy something your brain remembers it and decides that this is a good thing, obviously it would wan... | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we hate "bandwagoners"? | [
"People don't like to feel like they've lost a claim to something they once felt defined them. They feel like people who didn't get into their thing at an earlier point do not understand it in the way that they do, and that they only joined because it was popular. In short, they feel threatened about losing a part ... | [
"Let me answer that question with another question: what do you think \"lobbying\" is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can we put something completely static in space? | [
"It turns out that there is no such thing as being *absolutely* still; you can only be still relative to some other object. So you can be perfectly still relative to whatever object you please, but it's impossible to be \"objectively\" still."
] | [
"It would be nice if there was someway to block these signals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Whats going on when my URL bar sais about:blank? | [
"When a browser sees \"about:blank\" that tells it to display a blank page. Sometimes when bad coding or weird hiccups happen, your browser will open a new window, but fail to understand what's supposed to go in it, so it defaults to about:blank."
] | [
"CSS: doesnt load properly CSS is what holds a lot of the formatting for a website Ctrl+F5 will fix it usually, or close and open your browser without restore tabs"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Technology:"
} |
Why Cassini needs to crash into Saturn to avoid contaminating a moon? | [
"Huygens probe is clean, Cassini is not. It's pretty much as simple as that, but there's also that Titan is significantly less inhabitable than Enceladus so if something was hitchhiking it would most likely die."
] | [
"Because we don't get major scientific missions to the planets very often. It's a chance to learn more about our solar system. They haven't accomplished anything yet, beyond sending it to Jupiter and getting it in orbit. For the next couple of years, the spacecraft will be orbiting Jupiter and collecting various ty... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do police enforce speed limits with aircraft? | [
"There are lines painted on the highway at known intervals i.e. 1 mile apart. Use a stopwatch and bingo, you're busted."
] | [
"Mazca got pretty much all of it correct. However in our town our local PD puts it out to see how fast cars are going, at what times of day do cars go the fastest, and what types of cars are travelling through. This helps plan out where cops should patrol and enforce speed at. Source: work with the local PD and jus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If I chill a (crappy) glass on the freezer then take it out and immediately pour boiling water in it, it will crack and possibly shatter. What exactly is going on? | [
"Part of the glass gets hot, and before it can conduct that heat to the rest of the material, the rest of the material is cold. When things heat up, they expand, so one part of the glass is expanding while the cold part remains contracted. This results in thermal stresses causing the glass to break. If you let it h... | [
"The surface of the ice is rough until it starts to melt enough. This provides nucleation sites where the bubbles can grow more easily. It's the same principle as the mentos in diet coke thing. If you rinse the ice with water first, it won't foam up as much. Try also pouring into a dry glass vs one that you've just... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food and Beverage:"
} |
Canada has a number of military procurement issues with arms manufacturers in the western world, largely having to do with cost. Why won't we consider buying arms from the eastern world? | [
"Western (especially US) military stuff is the best, and it's not even close, like an iPhone compared to Zack Morris giant cellphone. Military hardware made in the east is crap, really crap, it's geared more towards low cost 3rd world nations that don't care if stuff breaks or backfires or even hits it's target or ... | [
"Because companies that build military equipment pay politicians to guarantee them large military contracts. It's gotten so bad that the Army has said that it does not want any more equipment, so the U.S. is giving free military equipment to local police departments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What essentially is the difference between public schools and charter schools, and what is the broad argument against charter schools in many communities? | [
"A public school is a school that is funded with taxpayer (public) dollars and must follow all of the rules and regulations in place by the government. A charter school is run privately but is also funded with taxpayer dollars. They don't need to follow all of the same rules. Essentially a private company is decidi... | [
"Think less about the different schooling styles because; each was developed by psychologists, each show improved education, social, and personal growth results over public schools, and each style provides exceptional learning opportunities after graduation. What you need to do is compare the two schools directly, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do insect and bug sprays kill insects but don't harm us | [
"> How do insect and bug sprays kill insects but don't harm us Most insecticides target specific aspects of the insect nervous system which are different from those of humans and mammals in general. These neurotoxins have various different types so getting into the details can be quite complex, but the general idea... | [
"IT is a fogger, and it would probably be using a pyrethroid pesticide. It was originally extracted from the pyrethrin daisy, and it is a good short-lived pesticide with very low toxicity. So, no, don't bother about them. The tiny droplets attach to insects, and they are toxic to them. But any that you breath will ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are all of my dishes dry after running the dishwasher, except my Tupperware? | [
"Heat. Ceramic and metal items get and stay hot enough in the dry cycle for the water to evaporate."
] | [
"Laundry detergent for front-load (HE) washers is designed not to foam so much. If you put regular detergent in a front-load machine you'll have a mess on your hands. Same reason you can't use dish soap in a dishwasher. You can use HE detergent in top-load machines, but it's more expensive usually."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the last game of a baseball series called the "rubber match"? | [
"For starters, it's only a rubber match if each team has won a game in the 3-game series-- meaning, the winner of the rubber match wins the series (by taking 2 of 3)."
] | [
"There was a show on ESPN years ago about a company that gets all the obscure stats for them. Can't remember the name of the company. They did the crazy stuff, like in baseball when they tell you this is the first time in 17 years a left handed batter has hit a home run off an ambidextrous pitcher in the month of S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does throwing up hurt? | [
"Between your esophagus and your stomach is a sphincter that, usually, keeps things in your stomach (acid, food, mucus) from coming up into your esophagus. However, in infants, this sphincter is not totally developed, and thus doesn't always keep things down. During the normal movements that an infant's stomach mak... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does a tax haven country benefit from the rich storing their money there? | [
"You put the money into a bank in that tax haven. Banks, when they look after your money, don't just leave it sitting in the safe doing nothing. They invest it! They might do this by lending it to other customers (for a fee), or by investing in the stock market or the currency exchange market. But that money is bus... | [
"Because there are countries in the world where you don't pay taxes. So, since in the US you do pay taxes, it's not to smart to have your money or your corporate office in the US. If you move to a tax-free nation, you get to keep your cash! There are whole movements on, for instance, the European tax-free island of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does driving at 50km/h feel like standing still after you've been driving at high speeds? | [
"You don't perceive linear velocity, you perceive angular velocity. Think about it like the Trench Run in Star Wars. If you're flying at 1000 km/h on the surface, a wide open space, things don't look like they are moving very fast. You get inside the trench doing 1000 km/h and it looks like you're going very fast. ... | [
"How long do you want to take to accelerate? Merging onto the highway in a reasonable time takes far more power than maintaining a constant speed. There are plenty of 1.0 l cars for sale in Europe. They take about 17 +/- seconds to reach 100 kph, but they are very fuel efficient. No one would buy them here in the U... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why can we hear our own voice in our head when we "think".7 | [
"Imagine our brain takes all human vocal samples we hear and puts them in sound \"Jars\", and attaches a sticker with a picture of the human that is speaking on that jar. Whenever you imagine what a person's voice would sound like, your brain opens that jar and you hear his vocal samples. Imagine Morgan Freeman's f... | [
"why do we yawn when we read about yawning?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isnit that it's difficult to retain your balance if you close your eyes? | [
"Balance is accomplished by a few things working together. You have your ears, your eye fluid, and your brain (mainly the way it interprets what you see). It’s the same way you can tell if you’re standing up, staring at a wall or the ceiling. Basically seeing helps you orient yourself. Cut that off and then the lin... | [
"Going because you have to as opposed to wanting to / Hungover / Sleep deprived / Droning voice going on and on and on / Uninteresting subject pick and choose out of any of those. It's possible to sleep in an upright position in almost any circumstance. Just don't fall asleep resting on your raised arm/hand. Bad st... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do states have time to pass silly bills when there are far more pressing issues at hand? | [
"Writing a bill can be done by anyone with the interest in doing it. Many bills are written by companies or organizations, they just find one state senator to sponsor it. Voting on a bill hardly takes any time at all. What takes a long time is finding compromise. With the really difficult and important issues, nobo... | [
"There are federal rules regulating interstate activity, but they are not the obstacle to this sort of thing. State government politicians who advocate this sort of thing will be faced with opponents in the next election claiming they wasted money in state X when there are plenty of good uses for that money here at... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come people die of Cholera and Dysentery from drinking dirty water but people with scat fetishes seem alright? | [
"So, let's take as a situation a small village where there are 1000 people. All of 1000 of them poop in and all 1000 of them drink from the same water source. In that situation if even one 1 of them gets sick, then all 1000 of them could drink the infected water and get sick all at once. Whereas if they are doing... | [
"Oh, we can, but we also don't get intestinal worms, hydatids, typhoid and vast range other preventable diseases & parasites that other animals get by not preparing food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What happens when corporations buy back their own stocks? Why is this done? | [
"The primary purpose of a stock buyback is to boost the earning per share and thus boost stock price for those who still hold shares. If a company had $100 profit and 100 shares, then EPS is $1. If company buys back 20 shares, then EPS increases to $1.25. Presuming a constant multiple of 20x, the stock should incr... | [
"Because there is no special privilege given to the founder of a company that is publicly traded. He’s a shareholder like everyone else. Or are you asking why he allowed other people to buy shares in his company? Money. Shares are sold to raise money to invest in the business."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do women adopt their husband's last name upon marriage? | [
"Because, traditionally, marriage was a transfer of property. The bride's father transferred ownership of the bride to her new husband. Hence the giving away of the bride by the father that still occurs in many modern ceremonies."
] | [
"Usually males also pass on their surnames, so there is a long western tradition of fathers passing their names down to their sons to show lineage. For example, can you guess the name of Henry VIII's father? This wouldn't normally work for females as their surname would change when married."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is phantom limb pain, and how do people feel it? | [
"There are two strips of brain cells that run from ear to ear across the top of your head (The sensory-motor cortex). One strip is used to control all your movement in your body the other registers sensation all over your body. We can actually map out a person's body on these strips. When a person loses a limb, the... | [
"The neurological transmission of pain isn't fully understood, but the reason we grab a painful spot may be for two reasons: 1. To protect the part that was hit and 2. In an attempt to make the pain less by sending non-painful stimuli to the brain instead. Check out the \"gate control theory\" of pain transmission ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why Is it possible to watch sick stuff on porn but when you get to try it IRL its suddently not so appealing? | [
"Why is it possible to enjoy a movie like John Wick, were he relentlessly kills dozens of people, but when you see it in real life it's sickening and traumatizing?"
] | [
"because all you want to see is us making out,and you get pissed when you can't join women usually don't feel that way about gays"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do I have to worry about an SSD in a personal computer losing space over time, but I don't have to worry about that problem on my cell phone or ipod? | [
"You don't have to worry about any of that. The SSD will be replaced by the time it dies. It takes 10 years of copying 30GB of data, daily, to a SSD to kill it. Cellphones and iPods do use flash memory as well, so it's likely, they would also have the same effect, but again, they'll be in a trash heap far before t... | [
"It would depend on the type of device, but in the case of smart phones and computers, over time, you load more crap software. If you reformatted your device and started clean, you might see improved performance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Technology:"
} |
How come buses do not have seatbelts? | [
"The bus driver, as the operator of a motor vehicle, is required by most states' automotive laws to wear a seatbelt. The reason for it is physics. Have you ever seen a bus and sedan collision? The result is a pancaked sedan and barely scratched bus. An occupied bus has *far* more mass than a four-door car, meaning... | [
"It will become standard eventually; just like seat belts, central locking and rim spinners."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If DNA is the blueprint for creating enzymes that synthesize DNA, how did DNA first come about? | [
"Miller and urey did an experiment some 50 years ago. They took basic chemicals and put it in a special flask that simulated prehistoric conditions such as lightning and volcanic acitivty. Macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and fats formed. Probably one of the coolest experiments ever in my opinio"
] | [
"Most genetic material (for viruses, bacteria, and organisms) is stored as DNA and then copied over into proteins with the aid of RNA. DNA and RNA are just two different kinds of nucleic acid, similarly to how sucrose and lactose are two different types of sugar. DNA is more stable. Most RNA-viruses just translate ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do we need to go to Mars? | [
"Because having every human being in existence living on one easily destroyed rock is incredibly short sighted. We need to start moving off of earth if we want to survive and evolve as a species. Plus it would be indescribably awesome to know that a member of my species is standing on another planet more than 33 mi... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
The symbolism behind Bioshocks Andrew Ryan | [
"As a place to start - You should familiarize yourself with Andrew Ryan's namesake... Ayn Rand. Andrew Ryan is pretty much Ayn Rand's philosophy's given flesh... and then everything goes horribly wrong."
] | [
"Related: what happened to the similar but different term Lakonia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can people be sure of a message sent in morse code? What if you missed a blink to write it down or only noticed after a while? | [
"Believe it or not (according to what I've read), it's not that hard to pick up once you're trained to do it. In WW2, morse operators were often able to recognize and distinguish between the morse code signals of different senders. It becomes no different than any language. Occasionally, when we speak or write, we ... | [
"You know your friend over the road? Maybe even you can't play at night you make a simple code flashing your bedroom light or a torch/flashlight off and on, and can have a simple conversation. It's slow and clumsy, but you might use a flash for \"can you play\", two for \"yes\", three for \"no\". If you could flash... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are the people investigating Hillary right now not part of the "establishment" that would want Hillary to win? | [
"The only people who want Hillary Clinton to win are Democrats. Republicans have every interest in spoiling her candidacy as it would be a shocking scandal that would hurt the democrats at large in the presidential race. [CNN is reporting that the Republicans are claiming credit for the Benghazi hearings as a polit... | [
"It didn't. The \"media\" was too cowardly to report was was really going on. The Vice President committed a treasonous act and they did anything they had to do to obfuscate that fact. They kicked up a lot of dirt to further their goals. The people in charge of informing the people failed us after our gov't did."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do babies cry? Wouldn't this be an adaptive nightmare for early humans who had to deal with predators? | [
"Babies are cared for in the group. A group of humans is going to be loud anyway, so having a baby cry doesn't particularly add to that loudness. And very few predators would attack a group of armed humans. The crying is a good signal however that this baby needs to be attended to (and is in fact ridiculously annoy... | [
"Babies have large eyes! Babies have large heads! Babies have soft skin! Old people do not. Humans are programmed to find babies cute, so that we didn't kill off our species by throwing them out of the cave when they cried for the first time. We have no such programming for the elderly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If forensics try to match a bullet to a barrell based on markings. Why not record the barrell before sale and index the markings? | [
"Matching a bullet to a gun by barrel marks borders on impossible. Constant changes to cleanliness, heat stress, wear and tear..... even variables in ammunition quality.... in a court of law, the best a forensics person could say is the bullet is consistent with the gun type, but could never with 100 percent certai... | [
"> How strong is this ID method? Not very, and certainly nowhere near the nonsense portrayed on TV. A well preserved bullet can often be said to be consistent with a certain firearm after testing. Unless that particular gun has some unique defect or wear pattern it is impossible to conclusively link a bullet to a s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What does Bill Clinton balancing the budget mean? | [
"Balancing the budget means the government spent less than they took in. Clinton raised taxes, cut spending, and had huge revenue from the dot com boom. The US still had a deficit, which is why foreign debt could increase. If you make $50K a year and spend $60K, then you have $10K debt. That $10K is the deficit. Th... | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
people with crosses on their heads today? | [
"Today is Ash Wednesday. It marks the beginning of Lent in Christian religions (in particular, Catholicism). It symbolizes the start of the trials of Christ in the desert prior to his crucifixion; where he was being tempted by Satan. Traditionally, the ashes are made from burning the previous year's palm leaves fr... | [
"The ones disappeared disappeared, the ones that comes back are actually a fresh batch of soldiers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:"
} |
Why can I keep butter at room temperature for days at a time, but not cream, when butter is made from cream? | [
"The butter you're leaving on the counter is salted butter, which is therefore preserved. If you did that with unsalted butter, it'll spoil. You can prevent that if you store your butter in a [french butter dish](_URL_0_). It's an extremely simple device, The lid holds the butter in the cup. It's butter, it'll stic... | [
"Cream is basically milk with more fat. Milk is made of two things that don't mix well - water and fat. If you leave natural milk alone, it'll separate into layers of watery milk and high fat milk. The top layer with all the fat gets harvested and sold as cream. It boggles my mind you never had whipped cream."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Food Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Food Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
When reading comments, why is it that sometimes you can see the amount of points a comment has and other times it looks like this [~]? | [
"Subreddits can set where you can't see the number of upvotes or downvotes so you won't upvote because everyone else does."
] | [
"1. It is a Reddit Guideline : _URL_0_ 1. It helps when someone has already read/responded to a comment and it has changed (Maybe they highlighted your mistake) 1. If you edit after 3 minutes your post will be tagged as edited and people will wonder why."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what does #mbps up #mbps down exactly mean? | [
"It measures how quickly you're able to transfer data. \"Down\" speed is incoming data (ie: watching a YouTube video), \"up\" speed is outgoing data (ie: uploading a video to your own channel). For example, downloading a 5-gigabyte file at 25 megabits per second will take 1637 seconds, which is about 28 minutes. Un... | [
"40 mega**bits** is 5 mega**bytes** 40/8 = 5 If your download speeds are close to 5 MB then you are getting the 40mb speeds advertised."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Internet speed and service:"
} |
What are the mechanics of throwing? Why do we point our non-throwing arm at the target then drop it as we move our other arm forward? | [
"This boils down to generating as much force as possible. Think about how something like a trebuchet works -- there's a heavy counterweight that swings down, and this creates a ton of rotational force. Your non-throwing arm is doing the same thing. You point it out, then swing it back through your shoulders, genera... | [
"Because it's part of a good release. A good release is accurate, repeatable, and provides backspin. Repeatability builds muscle memory, and backspin helps the ball travel straighter and maximizes the chances of making the basket if it bounces around on the rim. For a right hander, fundamentals dictate putting the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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