query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
If North Korea was able to acquire nuclear weapons why don't more countries have them? | [
"The North Korean government spent countless dollars and lives to get their Nuclear Program working. Something other countries aren't willing to do."
] | [
"Because Iran wants the same capability that the U.S. and Israel have had for a long time. And we're telling them they can't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
To what degree is an unemployment rate integral to an economic system? | [
"Too low unemployment would result in wage inflation as companies have to offer more money to lure and/or keep employees, which would drive general inflation... pay workers more, have to raise prices. The general view is that 5% is considered \"natural unemployment rate\" where the system is in rough equilibrium wh... | [
"I think a better question for this topic might be what is national debt and how does it translate into a monetary amount."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do large food/drink franchises maintain perfect taste-matching around the world, all the time? | [
"Those big franchises change their tastes according to area they operate in. Coca cola does taste differently across the world. So does mcdo and any other you could name."
] | [
"The reason that McDonald's (or any other fast food joint's) restaurants and foods have such a distinctive taste/scent can be summed up in a single word: consistency. Fast food companies are incredibly fastidious when it comes to their product. The patties have to be of a very specific thickness, weight, fat/lean c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
When and how can I visit Cuba as a tourist? | [
"You can go there as a student or for some professional reasons if you get permission from the government. It has long been understood that Americans and their money are welcome as visitors in Cuba, but you have to bribe the customs officers to not stamp your passport. If they stamp it you will get in trouble when ... | [
"What is the purpose of your visit? How long are you staying? May I see your return ticket? Is this the first time in the country? Where are you staying during your visit? What is the address? May I confirm your stay? How much money are you carrying? Why are you carrying so much money? Why so much luggage? Customs ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the divorce rate in USA so high? | [
"A lot of it has to do with cultural acceptance. In Western nations, divorce has gradually become accepted as a normal resolution for unhappy marriages. In other cultures, however, it may not only be heavily frowned upon for married couples to divorce, but it may also be forbidden except under special circumstances... | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How is it that the ultra rich pay little/no taxes but a flat tax would be a "gift" to them? | [
"> The richest 1% pay an effective federal income tax rate of 24.7% in 2014; someone making an average of $75,000 is paying a 19.7% rate. The average federal income tax rate of the richest 400 Americans was just 20 percent in 2009. While many wealthy pay lower rates, on average they pay more. The US has traditional... | [
"because the less you make the more of your money goes to basic necessities. so a flat tax would be unfair to these people (the majority of America)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why women prefer taller men? | [
"**Please read this entire message** --- Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): ELI5 is not for: Subjective or speculative replies - Only objective explanations are permitted here; your question is asking for speculation or subjective responses --- If you would like this removal reviewed, p... | [
"Can you not get an erection in space?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is computer emulation so difficult? | [
"The creator of the bsnes Super Nintendo emulator wrote a [pretty interesting article](_URL_0_) about this a few months ago."
] | [
"Unknown so an objective answer is impossible right now. People are still working on figuring this out. It's a fairly big question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are ATM receipts printed on a paper such that the print vanishes after a few days | [
"It is thermal paper. It is used in ATMs and various other places primarily because of reliability. There is no ink or toner to run out, and it needs the fewest possible moving parts. (You still need a motor to move the paper.)"
] | [
"They use rollers with a rubbery surface that grab one bill from the bottom of a stack (just like your printer does with sheets of paper). AFAIK there are also models that have a light shine through the bills to detect if more than one bill was grabbed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Credit/debit card readers:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Credit/debit card readers:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does India support a massive population despite having a very poor system of sanitation? | [
"Honestly - and having traveled throughout India - it's only \"filthy\" if you're used to e.g. US suburbia. If you've spent time in the grittier parts of big cities, it's pretty much like that. There *is* a major problem with adequate, clean water and sewage disposal, but honestly it's not like a garbage dump. Stre... | [
"China's record on environmental protection has been poor, but its practices are in line with other developing nations like India, Indonesia, Iran etc. It comes down to the scale of industrialization in a country like China compared to other nations. Providing over 1.5 billion people with jobs, food and basic needs... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are some people more prone to nightmares/night terrors than others? | [
"There may be a connection with endocrine function (adrenal glands, etc.) I have heard this but don't have a source so consider with caution. Also, check out the Radio Lab on lucid dreaming. Basically, during waking hours ask yourself, \"Am I awake? Is this real?\" Eventually you'll ask yourself that during the dre... | [
"It's called a Hypnic Jerk. There are a wide range of potential causes, including anxiety, caffeine, stress and strenuous activities in the evening. However, most hypnic jerks occur essentially randomly in healthy people"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How do drugs like meth and crack change someone's appearance? | [
"Constriction of blood vessels decreases the amount of blood that reaches parts of the body, and parts that rely on the smallest vessels may not receive enough blood to remain healthy. Skin and the face are two examples, and the mouth is a special case because other regulating systems are also compromised, like sal... | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Given incredible luck, is it at least possible for radioactive matter to cause enough, and the right, mutations to make a turtle look like a teenage mutant ninja turtle? | [
"Well, since incredible luck is a given, the answer is (theoretically) yes. All living beings are composed of the same elements, the 4 bases of the DNA. Since the concept of DNA mutation generally englobe duplication/translocation of chromosomes, there's no theoretical limit to what may happen (although the transfo... | [
"For two reasons. One: They have very little fleshy matter to them, which radiation affects the fastest. Secondly (and i think i have this order right) their cells divide at a very slow rate, compared to say us humans. Because radiation destroys by mutation, the slower the division of cells happens, the slower the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is muscle memory, particularly in relation to playing an instrument? | [
"It's just one way your brain stores memories. Rather than trying to store a bunch of letters that you then translate into notes, which you then have to tell your fingers how to play, it's probably just easier for your brain to store a series of movements. It's not specific to just instruments though. Muscle memory... | [
"Because many people forget to breathe when they are doing this kind of exercise. That's really all there is to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does imposing tariffs on cheaper goods like steel and aluminium help an economy? | [
"Raising tariffs increases to the cost to import; thereby making locally produced product more competitively priced. Assuming of course, you meant import tariffs. It in turn stifles the exporting countries economy, unless they pass that cost on to the final consumer. Which in turn, also makes the importing country'... | [
"This is exactly what will happen, unless US consumers boycotted the now-inflated Mexican goods to the point where the wall cost is not reimbursed. If that were to happen it means US taxpayers still paid for a wall that was never reimbursed. Trump's end goal here is to get US companies to move their manufacturing o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do anti-depressants work? | [
"Basically, pretty much every thought and emotion that you feel is the result of chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain. Depression is usually associated with lower amounts of serotonin and/or norepinephrine. You release these chemicals when you feel a particular emotion or mood, and then it is reabsorbed (reu... | [
"To put it simply, they are self medicating. Nicotine can have effects similar to some drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans have to treat water to make it safe to drink? | [
"We don't have to. We just have the option of reducing our relatively small risks to near zero instead. If chimps could do that, they would, and would benefit from it as much as we do. Waterborn illnesses are common whether you're human or not."
] | [
"Water we use to bathe, shower, drink, cook with, etc. is all water that has been filtered, processed, and otherwise tinkered with. Yes, it all goes back to the water cycle, but there are costs involved with getting the water to your home in a sanitary state. The less you use, the less water needs to be processed i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is the "well regulated militia"? | [
"The second amendment says: > A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. The militia, in present day America, is called the National Guard. Each state has their own national guard, and most of the time the natio... | [
"Weekly Rundown: * /u/SickHobbit on [\"Why did East Germany consistently produce hardline-Communist leaders during the Cold War, while other countries such as Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland all had one or more reform-minded leaders?\"](_URL_2_) * /u/Bernardito answered [\"Did France have a realistic chance to w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about News:"
} |
Can someone please convince me that Global Warming is real? | [
"> The political benefits just seem too tempting for this to be unbiased scientific fact. I really don't understand this line of reasoning. What are the 'political' benefits of climate change? Why would politicians want a \"lever against industries who produce carbon emissions.\"? Trying to convince Americans that ... | [
"Global Warming is a misnomer, it is really Climate Change."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the value of currency tend to inflate over time as opposed to deflate? | [
"Because a small amount of inflation is good for the economy as it encourages people and companies to spend money, which is what keeps the economy going. So government policies are all designed around trying to ensure a stable, low level of inflation."
] | [
"What people are willing to pay for it. It is a commodity with reliable value that people generally use to park their money during economic downturns. If the market is not doing well, Gold tends to rise a bit, if the market is doing well it tends to fall a bit. That being said the price doesn't really yo-yo like ot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Why have Televisions been able to get full HD feed instantaneously for a long time yet YouTube videos still buffer while trying to load the same thing even now? | [
"If you mean televisions running IPTV hardware (Roku, AppleTV), they do have to buffer, and will shift down to a lower resolution if the data rate drops. Even if your internet connection is running fast enough to stream the full rate, it will often come in surges with momentary pauses, so buffering evens out the ra... | [
"It doesn't assuming you really are getting the same thing. YouTube and many other video players can reduce quality on the video before transmission, and some may use more compact encoding than some video files, but really streaming is just downloading something in such a way that something can start playing it bef... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When is inflation a good thing? | [
"Without inflation, you could safely keep your money sitting under your mattress without worrying about it losing value. When you have inflation, you have to *do something with it* to stop it from losing value - invest it, lend it, buy a house, etc. These things put the money back in circulation giving us an actual... | [
"Not turning a profit and losing money aren't the same thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:"
} |
how does putting a lawyer on retainer work? What are the advantages of doing this versus just hiring/consulting a lawyer when you need one? | [
"TV shows do not represent real life. The reason some gets a Lawyer on retainer is because it is *cheaper*. It is essentially buying in bulk. Someone pays the lawyer to be on retainer so that they can consult with them whenever they want/often. This is cheaper than paying the lawyer each time the person needs legal... | [
"Some people and businesses have a lawyer \"on retainer,\" meaning that they pay the lawyer a fee to have them available should the person/business ever need the lawyer's help in the future. People in certain professions or who deal with lots of contractual issues may have lawyers on retainer, but it's rare for a t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
The refrigeration cycle or how refrigerators keep food cold. | [
"This is based on a basic thermodynamic fact: expanding a gas decreases its temperature. So, in a refrigerator, you end up having a fluid pumped in a cycle. The part of the cycle where it turns into a gas and expands is connected to the inside of your fridge. And the part where you have to compress it back into a f... | [
"Hot and humid conditions speed the growth of bacteria and speeds up decay. Cold slows those processes. The same way food doesn't spoil as fast in a refrigerator or freezer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How Do Wind Turbines Work (the turning part, not the electricity generation part) | [
"It's much like an airplane or helicopter propeller, but in reverse, so you don't need a ton of surface area to cause it to spin. Also, the blades for wind turbines are very light, and **huge**. They can be up to 150 feet long. If you're American, you might better visualize that as being half the length of a footba... | [
"nuclear fuel rods heat water, steam turns a turbine. they are very basic, no need to complicate it more than need be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
With the countless money donated to cancer research, how has our understanding advanced? | [
"We've developed greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms for why many of these cancers happen, who is at risk, who should be screened or work up, how to treat them, how to manage side effects of treatment. A new field is how to manage the long term effects of childhood cancer and treatments, since these ... | [
"A lot of Bill and Melinda's money goes to research grants to try to curb the spread of disease and to purchasing medical supplies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it much easier to balance on a bicycle that's in motion than it is to balance on a bicycle that is stationary? | [
"The short answer is that there's not a general consensus on all the factors and which matters most. There are some general ideas though. ' Often asked, please use search and check out wikipedia. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Imagine two bicycles, side by side. The first bike has the brakes stuck on. You can pedal it and move it, but it takes a lot of effort to do so. Then you hop onto the second bike. You expect it to be the same as the first bike, so you put a lot of power into pedalling. However, because this bike's resistance is so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do they count movie sales in money made and not tickets sold? | [
"The movie industry is not about people viewing primarily, that's a consequence. The movie industry is about people making money. It's like a factory that turns out entertainment units. Those units cost and the return on investment is really what the investors care about. So what about the people involved? Well ye... | [
"I mean it depends on who is saying it. Usually it would be whichever movie sold the most tickets (in dollar value) that day or weekend. So whatever is #1 this week might not be next week."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do solar panels generate more power during an ending solar eclipse than during a normal day where the sun isn't partially covered by the moon? | [
"The solar eclipse occurred in the morning. During a normal morning the amount of solar energy generated would rise as the amount of daylight increases towards midday. Therefore the sunlight will provide more power after the eclipse than before it."
] | [
"A lunar eclipse is when the moon passes through the Earth's shadow. Much like the sun temporarily being blotted out by the moon, the moon will temporarily be dimmed as Earth passes between it and the sun. You should expect it to turn red and darken, then brighten over the course of about four hours. It is differen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Hollywood avoid equal opportunity laws? | [
"Equal opportunity laws only count when the candidates for a position are equally qualified. If a character is supposed to be a particular race then requiring an actor to look & act as a member of that race is a [bonafide occupational qualification](_URL_0_) and it doesn't count as *illegal* discrimination. It's im... | [
"How successful have you been with everything but YouTube?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is the Public school's internet speed across the street 1000 times faster than my in home internet speeds? | [
"Public schools tend to get funding from the government to help pay for a connection good enough to sustain hundreds of students."
] | [
"Your ISP is advertising Megabit (Mb) speed not Megabytes (MB or MBytes). Megabits/8=Megabytes. If you are sold 15Mb download, then expect ~1.9 Megabyte download. With my time warner cable, I pay for 15Mb and get 1.9 Megabyte. There isn't any need for overhead or requirements about other users being on the network.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Internet speed and service:"
} |
Why have I gotten immune to watching bad stuff happening to humans, but I can't even slightly handle animal cruelty? | [
"Animals aren't as fucked up. They're innocent. You shouldn't watch people die though. We shouldn't see that unless we have to. I just watched one for the first time, not even a bad one and I'm pretty frozen. Unnatural death to a human should not be any sort of spectacle."
] | [
"You are not alone, I don't get it either. Watching the suffering of other human beings makes me sick. I like psychological thrillers and am fine with other horror, but torture movies just disgust me. Not passing judgment or saying they should be banned but I just can't wrap my head around the appeal. Watching anot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how to make YouTube work like I want it to? Example; I want to watch a series in order, but I have to backtrack, backtrack, shut down, restart, up, up, left, right, left, right, AB, Start just to watch the next video. | [
"Whenever I watch a clip from an episode, as long as the episode number is in the title or description, YouTube has the next episode in the recommended section 80% of the time. The easiest way is do it beforehand, if it's like a tv show search \"S#X Episode), if should show all the episodes for that season, then ... | [
"Also infuriating when you click back and it brings you to the same page, so you have to spam the back button until you go back"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do electric toothbrushes charge when there is no metal to metal contact between the toothbrush and the charging dock? | [
"Induction. A current within a conductor creates a magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field causes a current within a conductor. This is why electromagnets are a thing, how generators turn movement into electricity, how electric motors turn electricity into movement, how radios and antennas transmit and reciev... | [
"There are two coils. One in the phone, one in the charger. The electricity from the outlet flows through the coil in the charging plate. This creates a magnetic field around the coil. When the coil in the phone is on the plate, the magnetic field induces a current in the phones coil, which charges the battery. Src... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can someone explain to me the benefits of Linkedin? | [
"I've been offered several job interviews from people who seemed to specifically care about things I referenced in my history, but plenty of people have said that it seems pointless to them. It really depends on how you use it. I only use it to connect to people I really know from business contacts, and I disabled ... | [
"Could you explain a bit more about your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How could a human possibly die from the flu? | [
"The flu kills thousands of people every year even today. Many of these people are immunocompromised, i.e. babies, the elderly, people fighting cancer, etc. but some people are just very sensitive. There are many strains of flu and occasionally there are very deadly ones. Despite the help of vaccinations, understa... | [
"Have you considered that perhaps you are getting a cold?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does wine not need mixed or stirred? Is the alcohol distributed evenly or is it stronger at the bottom of the bottle? | [
"Interesting how many basically inaccurate guesses are here. I'll give my answer as an amateur wine maker and also a PH.D. scientist. 1. Most wines do not contain sediments. These sediments such as the yeast and byproducts of fermentation are removed from wine either by filtration or by [fining](_URL_1_) a wine. Wi... | [
"When drinks sit in a container for a long period of time, anything solid will settle to the bottom. This will be concentrated in the last bit you drink. However, this generally only occurs with unfiltered beer and juice with pulp. More likely is that the last bit of the beer/bottled drink has been warmed up closer... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can Disney own Snow White? | [
"Disney owns the *trademark*. Trademark in this case means exclusive marketing rights for the term SNOW WHITE for products associated with the Disney film of the same name (such as reproductions of the film, the score, the characters, etc., as well as presentations thereof in various media). A work of literature is... | [
"How do you think they stay rich? ;)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The crew for a movie. | [
"A producer funds the film and is one of the major voices in controlling what happens with a movie. And a writer is different than a screenwriter. A writer may come up with a story, JRR Tolkien was the writer of Lord of the Rings, but Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens were the screenwriters who made it ... | [
"Try bitterly divided by David Williams and also plain folk in a rich mans war by David Williams."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does American Baseball have a "world series " when its only americans participating? | [
"It wasn't only Americans when the Toronto Blue Jays were contenders..."
] | [
"Because America's Major League of Soccer isn't the best in the world. The best soccer leagues in the world are overseas, so all the great players go there... and you know Americans don't care about: - Stuff they're not the best at - Stuff happening overseas"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is the Leaning Tower of Pisa so important if it's simply an engineering failure? | [
"Utilizing many columns and archs, this tower represents an advanced understanding of weight and load characteristics, showing the Italian architectures' knowledge. What the architect didn't account for however, was the base of the tower being built on a dense section of clay. In other words, the tower was not faul... | [
"Since it was first built and started leaning, engineers have worked hard to keep it stable. You can read about it at _URL_0_ - but because of the historical significance of the fact that the tower leans, engineers have deliberately stabilised it, but kept it leaning. In 1989, the tower was straightened up slightly... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Tokyo the capital of Japan and not Kyoto? | [
"Japan has had a lot of capitals throughout it's history. Kyoto was the previous capital, during 1180–1868. Since 1868 it's been Tokyo. [Source.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Why is election on weekdays instead of weekends?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What Causes Physical Differences (Primarily their facial appearance) in individuals with severe autism? | [
"In addition to what people have said here, there are also many individuals who have autism due to a specific genetic syndrome (a mutation in a single gene, chromosome deletion or duplication, etc). Genetic syndromes, particularly those caused by chromosome abnormalities, will often cause facial differences."
] | [
"Neither Down Syndrome or Autism are mental illnesses. Could you clarify what you mean by this question? Do you mean disorders such as Down Syndrome or Autism, or mental illnesses, more along the lines of depression or schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do I know my smartphone/tablet/laptop's front-facing camera and microphone isn't secretly recording what I do/say and sending it to Apple/Google/Samsung/NSA/CIA/FBI/RCMP/MI6/whoever else | [
"By making yourself and your phone matching tin foil hats! But in all seriousness, you don't. But let's be realistic, some giant company isn't gonna give two caps about what you do and it's not even worth their time, there are 300 million people in America alone."
] | [
"They basically just collect, decode, and interpret as much data as they can get their hands on. That's all. From there, they can hand it off to law enforcement such as CIA (foreign intelligence) and FBI (federal level police/domestic intelligence) in order to prosecute people. EDIT: NSA has pocket protectors, FBI ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can't every country in the world be neutral? | [
"I believe some countries use war to allocate resources to benefit themselves so some countries will never stop being at war. I cant really cite that but its what I believe off of my life experiences. There's also just wars on religion, politics, trade agreements, drug policies, ethics, resources,anything you could... | [
"Why would you assume that America is like the rest of the world?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is it that only proteins, carbohydrates and fats are deemed to have caloric value? | [
"As opposed to...what? Do you have any particularly reasoning why this shouldn't or isn't the case? Protein, fats, and carbs are the sources of food energy that our body can utilize. If something can be digested for energy, then it can have a measured caloric value. Edit: To answer your clarification. You don't me... | [
"Other way around. Sugar is only one kind of carbohydrate. There also carbohydrates that may be listed but not fully metabolized like sugar alcohols. There are also the soluble and insoluble fibers that are listed as carbs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is the feeling that I experience when I go down a steep drop on a roller coaster? | [
"Essentially, you are feeling weightlessness. Your organs are not being kept in place by any force(gravity etc), so they basically float a bit (very small bit), but it is enough for your body to detect the change, and you feel \"your stomach drop\"."
] | [
"For the same reason you can easily step out of a parked car, but would have a less fun time stepping out of a car going full speed down a highway"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If smartphones can see infrared light from remote controls, why can't they be used as thermal cameras? | [
"You can, you just need to build a filter to block the visible light: _URL_0_"
] | [
"You would see more \"colors\". An apple is red because it reflects mostly red light. But if the apple also reflected a lot of ultraviolet light (making this up) you would now see the apple as a combination of red and whatever color your mind would use for ultraviolet. Depending on the wavelengths you see, you woul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can news stations not delay the broadcast by a few seconds incase something goes wrong? | [
"They can and do. However, the process still has some dependency on human attention and reaction time. [Here](_URL_0_) is a relevant article."
] | [
"It's when there is a local ad playing over a national ad on the network feed. Most of the time you don't notice it, but if the timing is just a little off, then you'll see just a bit of the other ad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How is "I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds" grammatically correct? | [
"It's a grammatical combination known as [Present perfect](_URL_0_). Now you don't see something like 'I am become' very often anymore because it's from early modern English. To put it in more recognizable meme form: \"It's an older grammar, sir, but it checks out.\""
] | [
"Clearly you missed the Old Testament where God was positively genocidal. But more importantly, religion is typically more of a justification than a motivation for such behaviors. Religious teachings are nearly infinitely mutable to match the desired position. \"Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why are people double jointed? | [
"Being double jointed is more often an issue with connective tissue than with bones. There are some connective tissue disorders that cause people to be double jointed, so yes, there's a higher incidence of such diseases among those who are double jointed. Being double jointed happens because humans are super comple... | [
"Also, why are some people not ticklish at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why has the USA not ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child? | [
"Originally, because it forbade both the death penalty and life imprisonment for children. The constitutionality of these punishments for children was not conclusively decided until 2005 and 2012 respectively. It also contradicts US adoption laws in many states. Note that many countries that have adopted regularly ... | [
"Why is the US so upset over the labeling of US treatment of Native Americans as a genocide?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why are children asked which foot they kick with? | [
"Because most people do have a dominant foot. If you want someone to play on the left side of the field, people with a strong and controlled left foot have a big advantage for passing towards the centre of the field, particularly a cross from the corner in towards the goal. A right-footed player will have to run ro... | [
"They get one from a child and it grows as they grow. I don't know if it's the same for every organ but I assume so."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do governments know how much cash is in circulation, when people destroy it, loose it and collect coins | [
"generaly 'cos banks tell em Just to expand. All currency transactions end up going through banks, from your corner shop to your wallmart sized companies, and from that a good estimate of monatery flow and demand can be followed also the banks are the ones who generaly 'destroy' money by withholding it when it is t... | [
"Bank notes will eventually fade and fall to pieces. The bank is constantly taking old bank notes out of circulation and replacing them with fresh notes. The other problem is why would people accept the old notes as currency? They are not legally required to. It is just a pain since you can not trade the notes with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do boys voices crack when they go through puberty? | [
"During puberty, lots of parts of your body grow. For most people, this includes their vocal cords. The longer your vocal cord is, the lower your voice will be. During that growth, however, your body and mind are not yet used to speaking at a lower pitch. Sometimes, the brain or muscles get confused, and produce a ... | [
"It doesn't increase the pitch - what it does is prevent a boy's voice from dropping in puberty. So you start with a young boy with a naturally high voice. You castrate him, and without testosterone messing with things, he doesn't lose that high voice when he hits his teenage years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can so many artists now produce incredible photorealism, when even the greatest Renaissance artists that saw that as a central aim couldn't come as close? | [
"The ability to work from a photograph (and to extrapolate the skills learned this way to drawing live models). A lot of renaissance work - particularly in portraits has the hallmarks of using a camera obscura (basically an image projected in a lightbox) which has a few issues in terms of scale (often the person's ... | [
"In general he had very good technique in terms of realism and detail, and was also considered above average at using \"sfumato\" (a kind of smokey, soft technique with blended rather than hard edges). He came from an era with a ton of very good painters where painting itself was undergoing a radical change so I ce... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Art and History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Art and History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When you’re sick with the cough, do you cough in your sleep or does it completely stop? | [
"It typically stops completely. We undergo a thing called sleep paralysis in which our bodies are typically incapable of moving in response to stimuli, which prevents the irritants that cause coughing from working."
] | [
"Your body continues to function while you are asleep. Then, you add on the fact that you are not actively suppressing the symptoms (i.e, node stuffy? blow it. Throat kinda scratchy, go grab a drink. etc) and you wake up feeling worse than you went to bed"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do we rely so heavily on fuel and gas rather than electricity which is renewable? Wouldn't it be better idea to rely mainly on electricity? | [
"Where does the electricity come from? It's not free, it has to come from somewhere. 2/3 of the US electrical production comes from coal and natural gas. Another 20% is nuclear. That's 86% of all electrical production right there that's coming from non-renewable resources."
] | [
"Sure, you could use it to make bio-diesel and then use diesel generators to make electricity. It's more than possible, it could be engineered. However, there are less expensive ways to make electricity, like solar panels or wind generators. We have no shortage of energy, economic factors balance which sources are ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is it that when a bike is stationary it will fall over but when moving it will stay up? | [
"I just happened across this Minute Physics video the other day, titled [\"How do bikes stay up?\"](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"I did that. Once you get it upright and going, it carries itself pretty well. Bikes on the other hand don't have as much momentum to hold themselves up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do tattoos last? Wouldn't they go away as the layers of skin are replenished? | [
"The surface layers (epidermis) are replenished fairly regularly. The lower layers (dermis) aren't. The dermis is where the tattoo ink is placed, so that replenishment of the epidermis doesn't degrade the tattoo."
] | [
"Short answer: The same way bad haircuts do. Longer answer: The human body is an amazing bit of engineering. It's constantly repairing itself, protecting the more vital organs from harm, and adapting to the environment as best it can in a way that human beings haven't even come close to replicating with technology.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
does a third party have any chance of actually winning an election? | [
"It would take a lot of circumstance such as the downfall of the party. Realistically, the most a candidate could get is about 15% in the general election."
] | [
"Nothing stops it, and registering for the opposing party in order to vote for the candidate that you think will win a nomination, but lose an election is not an unheard of thing. The major downside is that you remove your ability to vote for the candidate that you think is best suited to lead your own party's bid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about history:"
} |
Can anyone explain the rationale behind "thin privilege" and the fat acceptance movement? | [
"It comes from the belief that overweight people are treated unfairly - facing social inequality, discrimination, and ridicule - simply because they overweight."
] | [
"Best advice to keep personal bias out of this *cough* /u/animalprofessor *cough* Check the wikipedia pages for conservatism, libertarianism, neo-conservatism specifically in the U.S. Any sort of \"dumbing down\" or ELI5 will induce major political bias and leave skewed views. With something as in depth and complex... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are workers supposed to give a two weeks notice before quitting, but employers dont have to before firing someone? | [
"Generally speaking, you're under no obligation to give two weeks' notice to an employer. It's just something that people do to make sure they aren't burning their bridges when they quit."
] | [
"> My boss tells my coworkers and I all the time that he can fire us for any reason whenever he wants because we are an at-will state. He is (more or less) correct. There are some restrictions (he cannot fire you for your race as an example) but otherwise he can just fire you because he thinks your shoes are dumb. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why would Google Chrome get rid of all support for Java? | [
"Who uses it? I'm sure some folk do, but I and everybody I know can't recall using it at all in the past few years. Java has been the subject of a large list of security issues and phishing attempts, and for the average user it's doing nothing for them. It generally makes more sense to take any current browser-bas... | [
"Most my videos do use HTML5. Are you sure you're running a supported browser?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do electronics affect pilots navigation on airplanes? | [
"No they don't. It's not a thing. It's a myth. Some electronics would (particularly things that transmit certain radio frequencies and/or radio jammers) but your consumer goods don't do anything that would affect aircraft electronics."
] | [
"Jet liners have rigorous training requirements for their pilots, while anyone with a license can fly a plane. Jet liners also have more maintenance and inspections before take off. Small planes are also used more for joy riding so pilots may not be familiar with local areas. Commercial pilots fly at a higher alti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are onions toxic to dogs and some other animals, but not to humans? | [
"Onions contain an ingredient called thiosulphate which is toxic to cats and dogs. The ingestion of onions causes a condition called hemolytic anemia, which is characterized by damage to the red blood cells. Onion toxicity can cause the red blood cells circulating through your pet's body to burst."
] | [
"Chocolate contains theobromine. It is toxic to almost all animals on earth (including humans), dogs are just more susceptible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does water evaporate, such as in puddles, when its clearly not being heated to 100 degrees? | [
"200 Students in a class. Smart students who finish their work get to go to lunchtime, where there are donuts and toys. Normally, students finish one at a time, smartest first then not-so-smart, over the course of the day. If every student now has a private tutor that helps them, they all finish much much quicker, ... | [
"Water doesn't need to be boiling to become a gas. As you know, water will evaporate all on its own if you just leave it out. Boiling is a special way for (liquid) water to turn into water vapor (the gas form of water). You see, in normal evaporation, it's just the water at the *surface* that turns into water vapor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Science:"
} |
What is it called if you stack negative effects? | [
"Well, a \"positive\" feedback loop would be an appropriate term. A positive feedback loop is a system where the output, in this case reduced hearing, creates an even larger input into the system, creating even worse hearing, etc."
] | [
"Relevant/expansion to the question: Why do we make noises when we feel pleasure in general? And pain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What causes increased turbulence when a plane goes through clouds? | [
"Clouds, in particular storm clouds, present strong upward winds (it's one of the formation mechanisms). In the atmosphere, winds are mainly in the horizontal, the vertical winds are usually very small, that's why you notice them in the clouds, that's where they happen to be stronger than usual."
] | [
"Air is not uniform. Different temperatures, different pressures. Imagine the plane is floating on a constant pressure cushion of air, and up ahead there is a area of air which is of a lower pressure. When the plane reaches this low pressure bubble, there is less pressure pushing the plane from below, and as a resu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The term "The House always wins" | [
"When gambling, the casino in which you're playing is referred to as \"the house\" and the odds are stacked WAAAAAAYYYY in favor of the casino winning on any given hand, so that overall, a casino almost literally cannot lose money. That expression can be used similarly to \"home field advantage\" outside the gambl... | [
"The golden rule as told by my Grandfather \"He who has the gold makes the rules\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do people touch their nose when saying something that makes them uncomfortable? | [
"Protecting your face with your hands is a defense mechanism. It happens whether the danger is real or perceived."
] | [
"They're topics that make certain people uncomfortable. It's usually not socially acceptable to willingly make people uncomfortable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does it seem like we don't hear a lot about North Africa in regard to WWII? | [
"The short answer is because the North African Campaign was a sideshow. It served no real tactical purpose for the Axis and it was theirs to lose, really. You mostly hear about the North African Campaign because of Rommel's Afrika Korps and Montgomery's Desert Rats. Rommel fought a chivalrous war and is generally ... | [
"You mean as in, why isn't it discussed more as a part of US History education?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Was/is there a reason there was Looney Tunes AND Merrie Melodies? Why didn't they just have one show? | [
"[The Straight Dope covered this](_URL_0_). Basically, they started out as being made by two different production teams, but after a certain point, they became essentially interchangeable, but they kept both names going."
] | [
"Um, an animated show or movie *is* a cartoon. They're synonyms. Perhaps you mean to explain that it's not a children's cartoon?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Animation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Animation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are even totally lopsided boxing match scores always so close? (Often being decided by only one or two points) | [
"The judges use what's called the 10-Point Must System. The guy they decide wins the round gets 10 points. If it's a draw then both guys get 10. The loser receives 9 points for a close round, 8 points if he was knocked down or generally dominated, and 7 points if he was knocked down twice or mega-dominated. You can... | [
"Pacquiao was the aggressor for most of the fight, and he swung a lot more. The crowd was clearly on his side, and Mayweather rarely drove forward. But these things don't matter to the judges, or at least they shouldn't. Who was better at landing punches, who dictated the pace, who did the most damage, these thing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it bad to drink diet sodas if I'm trying to lose weight? | [
"[It isn't](_URL_0_) - or at least it's not likely to be counterproductive to your weight loss. The idea that diet soda can make you gain weight is a myth, probably based on the fact that diet soda intake has been shown to be positively correlated with obesity. But correlation doesn't imply causation, and there's l... | [
"It can be a sign of diabetes but it can also be a sign of dehydration. Drink more water for a few days and see if it goes away. Or it could just mean you've eaten too much sugar, even if you're not diabetic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do our voices become lower as we run out of breath? | [
"You are sending a much greater volume of air through when you are breathing hard and fast. This makes it difficult to control or excite the higher frequencies in your larynx. High frequencies are not as efficient when there is too much air mass being moved. Lower frequencies however have no problem with and even r... | [
"After sleep, your vocal chords are relaxed. This makes your voice deeper. Think of a guitar, if you loosen the strings the pitch becomes lower. It's kind of the same thing with your vocal chords."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do some companies go by different names in different parts of the world? (i.e. Lays in U.S., but Walkers in the U.K.) | [
"I'm not sure about your specific example, but I do know that the US company “Burger King” is called “Hungry Jack's” in Australia, because of one single shop owner in Australia whose restaurant is called Burger King. He didn't want to lose his intellectual property, so he sued BK and won. Thus, it's “Hungry Jack's”... | [
"McDonald’s tastes different depending on where you are. When I was in Germany the Big Mac was a bit different from the ones in the U.K."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does fear paralyze some people? | [
"It's part of the fight or flight response. We've spent a million years or so evolving our reflexes and running, fighting or freezing are equally valid in different circumstances. Sometimes there's no feasible escape route and sometimes you are overwhelmed by what you are being attacked by and fighting will do no g... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can ISIS continue to grow despite being bombed for months and fighting on multiple fronts? | [
"Because you can't kill ideas with bombs. Especially if the idea is that America is the bad guy because they are bombing the place you live and your friends and relatives."
] | [
"The US army is at war with the Talibans and the ISIS. So they send troops there to help fight these terrorist groups off"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about current affairs:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about current affairs:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do some thoughts processes differ between man and woman? Is it outside influence or is the brain different wired per gender? | [
"First, an important note: two random men or women can differ as much or more from each other in terms of thought processes than they do from a random person of the opposite sex, so we can't necessarily use those broad difference trends to make generalizations about individuals. That said, to the extent those broad... | [
"This is far more complicated than an ELI5, as it delves into psychology, biology, sociology and a bunch of theories that contradict each other. Suffice to say, we know that Society has a lot to do with it. That is, the people you grew up around and what is considered attractive to them will likely be the same for ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't manufacturers include a sturdy gps system inside of a plane's "black box" | [
"They could, but it would be useless. Water is very good at abzorbing electromagnetic radiation, and the radio signals that GPS uses can only penetrate a few meters. So unless the plane crashed in very shallow water, the GPS wouldn't even get a signal."
] | [
"Proximity sensor, gyroscope, wifi, bluetooth, 3g, 4g, GPS, multitouch super dense screen, multiple cameras, multiple microphones, light sensor, NFC stuff. Theres a ton of stuff in there. I'm surprised its so cheep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about aviation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about aviation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
What exactly is the "voice in my head?" | [
"As far as I know your brain is doing everything you would do when you talk, but you just don't allow your mouth to get the signal to move. In people who don't learn to read until later, as well as children first learning to read, they will often move their lips as they read because the inhibition hasn't developed ... | [
"As a person who frequently visits \"the internet\", this is the first I've heard of this. What are your sources?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If you found a screw in your can of tuna and wanted to sue the company, how would you prove that you didn't put the screw in the can yourself? | [
"Let's back up here a bit. Anyone can sue anyone for pretty much any reason. All you need to do is convince a lawyer that your lawsuit is frivolous. When you sue someone, you sue for damages, lime medical bills or intentional infliction of emotional distress. So, let's say that you find a screw in your tuna. What a... | [
"They can be used for cleaning all the nooks and crannies around and outside of your ear canal. You're just not supposed to put them *in* your ear. More specifically: if you *do* stick it way down into your ear and seriously hurt yourself, then the manufacturer can use \"Hey, we WARNED YOU NOT TO DO THAT!\" as a de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why have Canada & USA been more successful at integrating Muslims than Europe? | [
"Muslim immigrants to Europe were primarily unskilled labor, while Muslim immigrants to the U.S. were primarily professionals. So what happened is that Europe developed large, lower class Muslim communities while the U.S. tended to have scattered families of Muslims with a few middle-to-upper class Muslim communiti... | [
"People do not like being forced to give up their jobs and move house. If Alaska became part of Canada would all the people living there move to the US or would some apply for Canadian visas or citizenship? Islam is also the fastest growing religion in the World. It is therefore likely some Indian people have conve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do I (6'5" male) need to 2k calories a day to live, but so does someone half my size? | [
"It's an average. By definition, it doesn't apply to everyone. In fact, that *precise number,* because it's the average, applies to virtually *no one.* Fully half the people require more calories per day than the average to maintain homeostasis, while the other half require fewer."
] | [
"Jesus, man, eat some more food. Friends I have who were training for Ironman ate pasta and carbs all day. Doesn't mean you have to, but you're burning so many more calories than you're taking in that it doesn't sound healthy. Eat clean-ish, lots of protein, lots of veggies but for christsakes as a male who is obv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does February have 28-29 days when every other month has 30-31? | [
"> Why does February have 28-29 days when every other month has 30-31? It's not completely clear, but it has likely to do with the fact that in the early Roman calendar, it was the last month of the year. So whenever they wanted to adjust the calendar, which happened frequently, they added or removed days at the en... | [
"For legal purposes, you would become one year old on March 1st on a non-leap year. Which makes the most sense. You are always X years old on February 28th, and X+1 years old on March 1st, whether or not it is a leap year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is Alternative Voting, and why would it be so difficult to implement in the U.S.? | [
"[Here's the animal kingdom explanation of First Past the Post and the problems we have with it.](_URL_0_) [Here's the Alternate Vote video made by the same person](_URL_1_)"
] | [
"Why is this vote happening and why should I care/not care as someone who doesn't live in UK?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do some vaccines confer life long immunity while others just a few years? | [
"Vaccines work by presenting an inactive version/element of a disease causing agent (antigen) to the patients immune system, allowing their immune system to develop antibodies against said antigen. This is analogous to police posting wanted posters of a criminal's face around a town the criminal is likely to hit. T... | [
"about 10% of people will get very mild flu-like symptoms after being vaccinated. it's not contagious at all, its just your body responding to the vaccine a bit more aggressively than it needs to. These symptoms should go away completely in a couple days."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what the difference between jihadist, islam and al-Qaeda is? | [
"Islam is a major religion with over a billion followers. I think it's pretty safe to say that most Muslims are just normal people without any particular violent intentions. So you could say they are often misunderstood because many people demonise Islam. \"Jihad\" is a concept in Islam which roughly translates as ... | [
"Isn't this a shia vs sunni thing? Iran-Assad-Hizbullah are shia, KSA and the others are sunni."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
peripheral neuropathy | [
"Peripheral neuropathy is a malfunction of the nerves in the extremities, usually the arms or legs, but sometimes the face. It can cause numbness and tingling, or in some cases a very painful burning sensation or feelings like cold water being poured on the area."
] | [
"Open eye sleeping is known as lagophthalmos and it's possibly hereditary. Other causes include muscular problems like facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, alcohol intoxication and use of psychedelic drugs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The scandal behind Quiz Show, why it was such a big deal and the repercussions of it. | [
"In the USA, there is the Communications Act of 1934. In this act, it is illegal for broadcasters to rig a contest of intellectual skill with the intent to deceive the viewing public. Why people found it necessary to create this particular law, I don't really know. In the game show *Twenty One*, the producers didn'... | [
"The film \"Rasputin and the Empress\" was the first major defamation case cited by wikipedia. In 1932 during the worst of the depression they paid over a million dollars to settle. The film was taken off the market to prevent further lawsuits. So many \"Law and Order\" episodes are based on real events that they w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How ISPs physically connect to the internet, and why an average guy like me can't skip the 'middle man' and just become my own ISP. | [
"The biggest thing to understand here is that there is no internet to connect to, the internet IS the connections. The internet in its most basic explanation is a series of wires connecting all the world's computers (there is complex machinery that regulates what goes through the wires as well as where it goes, but... | [
"They already reveal all that stuff to customers: _URL_0_ But most people either don't pay enough attention to know that exists, or don't have a choice of ISP because of local/regional monopolies. If you don't like your Netflix speed, what are you going to do? Go without Internet? I don't think so, Tim."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it near impossible to stop water flowing from a faucet by blocking it with your hand due to pressure, but there's no such buildup when you turn the faucet off? | [
"Mechanical design. Your hand is not reinforced against the forces of the pressurized line. A valve, by design, either walls off water from a reinforced position, or screws shut so the tension required is consistent."
] | [
"Gravity, water and air pressure, and an understanding of fluid mechanics (especially siphoning). If you have a body of water (a little pool, for example), and a very narrow tube leading from the bottom of the body of water to a position that is higher than it, the pressure from the pool will force the water up the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does it seem like US soldiers have more psychological damage in gulf wars compared to WWII? | [
"One huge reason is that a smaller number of troops are seeing much more combat. The average combatant during WWII saw approximately 40 days of actual combat. Troops serving in Iraq and Afghanistan experienced over 310 days of combat. [Source](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Follow up question: What other types of bootcamp training strategies would drill instructors use? Also what were training structures like when there was a massive influx of troops who needed to be trained quickly, such as when the US joined WWII after Pearl Harbor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do headphones literally ALWAYS get tangled no matter how hard you try not to have that happen | [
"There's actually a physical explanation for this. It's called entropy. Entropy is the embodiment of disorder. The first law of thermodynamics in a nutshell states that entropy will always ever increase (disorder will only become more disorder). This is based on a number of possible states that are available and ac... | [
"Do you tend to bend or abuse the area where the wire connects to the headphone or the MP3/Audio player? a loose connection between the speakers in the headphones and the source are often a cause for loss of one or more channels in audio. That said, Black Friday - things get damaged during shipping, more so during ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do onions make your breath smell like the pit of a thousand rotting souls | [
"Members of the plant family Allium, including onions, can cause unpleasant odors either in sweat or through bad breath, which can be attributed to the sulfuric compounds that they contain. The compounds get metabolized and take trine to fully excrete all the nasty smell"
] | [
"I don't know about the rest of you, but my ass emits a smell like the bog of eternal stench. I can't stand my own stink."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between Marxism and socialsim? | [
"Marxism is a sociological principle created by Karl Marx. Basically, it's the idea that there are two classes, the proletariats and the bourgeois. In his theories, it is the bourgeois, who own the means of production, who actively exploit workers and reduce their standard of living. Marx thought that when the prol... | [
"Republican: Economic freedom, social control Democrat: Economic control, Social freedom Facism: Economic control, social control Libertarian: Economic freedom, social freedom"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How exactly does a car engine stop the combustion process when you turn the key to off? | [
"Pretty sure it just shuts off fuel and air flow and the spark plugs. It's a controlled stall."
] | [
"Lets start with how an engine works. You have pistons which compress gasoline and then it gets ignited. The explosion drives the piston back, which cause a different piston to compress gasoline. But when an engine is stopped you can't compress the gasoline. Modern cars have when is called a Starter Motor, which is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we see things better when we squint? | [
"Light passes trough your lens which focuses it on a part in the back of your eyes called the \"retina\". When you squint, you are letting less light trough your eyes, you are shielding of light coming from above, below, and from the sides. Now your eyes only get the (little) light coming from the front and can foc... | [
"Shine a light at your eyes while they’re closed. What do you see? That’s your answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Science:"
} |
Why is it that in all the video I've seen of the deep ocean, the sand seems loose? Shouldn't it be hard and compact do to the weight of the ocean water? | [
"The pressure of the ocean isn't directed downwards, it comes from all directions. That's why a diver doesn't get squeezed to the ocean floor, he feels a squeeze all over his body."
] | [
"You have to remember that organisms living at the bottom of the ocean are filled with water. They aren't resisting 5 tons of pressure like a submarine would. The water inside their bodies is at the same pressure as the water outside their body. So, they don't feel the pressure at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
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