query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
The difference in legality between barbed wire topped fence and a pitfall mote on the inside of my fence, and why. Do they not accomplish the same thing? | [
"No, they don't accomplish the same thing. Barbed wire is obvious and visible and (generally) non-lethal and is not intended to kill, or even wound, but to deter. A pitfall is concealed and intended to kill."
] | [
"It can't, people to discuss these things in black and white are ideologues with axes to grind. No wall is unscalable, but you can make walls that make it less likely because of the difficulty. For example consider a simple chain link fence vs. a fence topped with razor wire."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is a third party software? Who are first and second party? | [
"Third party software means software from someone other than the device maker. Have an android phone? Google mail is not third party software, but Angry Birds would be. The first party is the device maker, the second party is you the user."
] | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do phone providers charge exorbitant amounts for international texting? Does it actually cost them this much? | [
"It's because one cell company doesn't have full global coverage. They need to essentially rent bandwidth from whichever company does have coverage in that region. So THAT company gets to charge an arm and a leg for the convenience and YOUR company gets to charge an arm and a leg because profit motive (it's not lik... | [
"Because long distance lines cost a lot of money to put up and charging for long distance calls was a way to pay for that cost. Long after those lines have been paid for, the phone companies still use the fee to pay for maintenance, and to increase revenues. While cell phone carriers experimented with long distance... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Telecommunications:"
} |
How do they prove in court the difference between marital rape and consensual sex ? What if a cheating spouse claims that the consensual sex was marital rape ? | [
"Such cases are in essence the testimony of two witnesses against each other, but two witnesses need not be equal--the jury has to weigh the credibility of their testimony and might decide to believe one witness over the other. Important clues can be provided by the history of the marital relationship, perhaps phys... | [
"\"Rape\" just means sex without being able to give consent. If a man is drugged, or threatened or otherwise unfairly coerced into doing the deed when he doesn't want to but has no good alternative, then it is rape."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How many days was Jesus really dead for? I thought I remember it being 3 but didn't the Romans count all days as whole? Because he died on Friday and was resurrected on Sunday, that's most likely only 48ish hours right? | [
"You're pretty right about the hours, yes. He died on a Friday. Friday was the first day of his death. Saturday was the second day of his death. Sunday was the third day of his death. It may not be the greatest of explanations, but there it is."
] | [
"On the third day is not the same as three days later. Friday- first day. Saturday- second day. Sunday- third day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What are the reasons behind the moral and societal conflicts that come from sexual relationships between consenting students, whom are adults, & their teacher. | [
"There is a certain difference in power between a teacher and a student, even adult ones, that makes people generally disapprove of such relationships. A teacher should be able to assess all their students equally, but can that also happen when that teacher is in a relationship with one of their students? Similarl... | [
"In some states, they can't, and if two minors have sex they are both guilty of statutory rape. In those that they can, it's because of the difference in power. Basically, two young people are on a level playing field, whereas an older person is de facto (though not always, I think I'm using the right term...) in a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is it that various American music venues have age restrictions on attendees, whereas grand scale music festivals do not? | [
"It's both. Some venues have permits that regulate them as bars, which means no minors under 21. Other venues don't want to run the risk of serving alcohol to minors (and getting caught) or the headache of checking wrist bands, so they just limit the audience to 21+. As long as demand is high enough, they make the... | [
"Because the venues themselves don't want to become reviled as the party doing the \"ripping off\". In reality though, many venues are also responsible for a lot of the reselling, though this is certainly more true of some establishments than others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the low income class have higher birth rates? | [
"Childbearing/rearing has an opportunity cost associated with it that ramps up dramatically the more money the woman is likely to make. As a result, it's not that low income women have a 'high' birth rate - it's that the birth rate amongst high income women is extraordinarily low."
] | [
"Heavily debated (sometimes by less than reputable people) but the general consensus is no, it has more to do with the fact that the majority of black people and Arabs live in poor regions of the world with sub-par education which leads to lower average intelligence from a global point of view."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Sociology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Sociology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do international airport traffic controllers deal with multiple languages safely and efficiently? | [
"The international language for air traffic control is English everywhere in the world. If both the controller and the pilot speak the local language, they can use that, but otherwise they'll communicate in English."
] | [
"Pilot here. The problem is that airports can only handle so many arrivals and departures per hour, and that amount can vary between airports depending on different conditions. If the expected flow of aircraft in the upcoming hours is going to be more than the airport can efficiently handle, then the FAA will start... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do glow sticks work? | [
"They contain two chemicals that produce light when mixed. They are separated until you crack the stick and cause them to be mixed."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are all the top youtube comments the most bigoted or close-minded? | [
"Because, despite how much of an optimist you are, most people have hate buried deep in their heart. It is hard to express this hate in day to day life out of fear of prosecution or violence against them. However, the internet is generally anonymous and the constitution provides us free speech, even if we type it. ... | [
"Because reddit has a lot of liberal users and people in general don't like to be criticized. Some of the articles aren't good in general but reddit upvotes plenty pieces of bad journalism."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is my iPhone able to track my location when on airplane mode? | [
"Airplane mode prevents it from transmitting anything. It doesn't affect GPS, which is receive only."
] | [
"My iPhone constantly connects to my Apple Watch and my Bluetooth headphones at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are so many Americans opposed to free healthcare? | [
"\"Free\" health care actually means \"higher taxes, in exchange for which the government will pay for everyone's health care\". The opposition pretty much boils down to two arguments: \"I never get sick, why should I have to pay extra taxes for (smokers with emphysema / morbidly obese people with diabetes / law-sc... | [
"Because a large part of the population was fed a string of lies about how much better life would be out of the EU."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
where is a slugs conciousness | [
"They don't have one. They don't even really have brains, but just knots of nerve tissue scattered around their bodies. These knots of ~~consciousness~~ tissue aren't complex enough for slugs or worms to have anything more than basic actions and reactions. If you step on a slug, it and its nerve tissue die. If you ... | [
"relevant :_URL_0_ hotter or people who exhale more, blood type and particular chemical compmounds"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is athleticism genetic? If so how? | [
"It is to a degree; when it comes to how well your body heals itself, how efficiently your blood carries oxygen, the maintenance of bone tissue, your body type, things like that. Your body can change some stuff like muscle mass, and it's all in the brain when it comes to how you maneuver your body. So it's a combi... | [
"Yup. Just like if a different one of the thousands of sperm in your ejaculate was the one that impregnated her egg. Might change the sex or sexual orientation, hair and eye color, likelihood of certain diseases or aptitudes, height, intelligence, etc. But don't think about it too hard. That way lies madness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What goes on in the body while a person is in a coma? | [
"Basically, your heart keeps beating, your lungs keep breathing, your blood vessels keep things moving. The things that are absent are patient sensations and thoughts. Your brain is inoperative/damaged and essentially shuts down everything you don't need to stay alive. It can happen from a variety of different thin... | [
"Are you sure you are actually conscious of being in a dream rather than merely dreaming that you are conscious within a dream?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
How can one video have a larger file size than another captured by the same device and for the same amount of time? | [
"Most modern video devices use various forms of compression on their video files in order to reduce file sizes. Different scenes will compress differently, depending on the specific codec that you're using. For example, a scene where a big part of the picture is an empty blue sky is more likely to compress well tha... | [
"The video feed to the TV is split to also feed a digital video recorder; the digital video file is broken up into smaller chunks while recording so you are able to edit the earlier footage while new footage is being recorded. You are able to edit out the commercials this way. And as soon as the whole episode is co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What do these numbers on the side of my glass mean? | [
"Those markings are the result of the CE [Measuring Instruments Directive](_URL_0_) It holds 40 cL(0.4L or 400 mL) when filled to the line, was made in 2014, and its conformity with the CE standards was verified by organization number 0126. CE is the European standards organization. Various other ones around the wo... | [
"I have a hunch, but a few followup questions. First, where did you get the CO2 to put into the container?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the significance of the domain .io and how does it differ from the other domains such as .com and .org? | [
"it's the TLD (top level domain) of the British Territory in the ***I***ndian ***O***cean. Since those domains are cheap and gained some notoriety with webgames, web-dev demos and utilities (_URL_0_ is great!), they're used for novelty stuff a lot. the I/O (input-output) abbreviation comes to mind too, also nice pl... | [
".com and .net are examples of what are called top-level domains. There are other ones, too, like .biz, .org, .edu, or country specific ones like .us, .ru, etc. In theory, .com was originally supposed to indicate a site is commercial in nature. .net is similarly short for \"network\", and it was originally supposed... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
How is it legal for the black lives matter movement to shut down roads and light rail systems? | [
"Its probably not legal, but that is part of the point. Civil disobedience has a long history of being associated with movements (especially the civil rights movement). By peacefully breaking laws, they are forcing people to pay attention to their cause/protests, which in turn increases awareness of what they are f... | [
"Freedom of speech and assembly doesn't include freedom to block traffic, fire exits, riot, destroy property, or otherwise create an unsafe environment. Also, many public places require permits in order to gather."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Muslim Terrorist groups - what's the difference between ISIS, Taliban, Al Qaeda etc? | [
"Taliban - Tribal alliance from Afghanistan. They want control of Afghanistan/Pakistan, as that is the territory they are present in. ISIS/ISIL - Product of the Syrian Civil war, their organization is attempting to create a unified Islamic state throughout the Region they are present in. Al Qaeda - International or... | [
"No. The Taliban is a local political organization in Afghanistan; their goal is to rule Afghanistan and impose their conservative version of Islam. They took power in Afghanistan back in the early 1990s, and were removed from power during the US war on Afghanistan. They're still around, and they're constantly tryi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does U.S. government agencies get away with domestic spying on its citizens and remain in power? | [
"People don't revolt on principle alone. The American economy is strong and even people living on welfare can own cars and smartphones, not to mention having plenty to eat. Revolutions start when people's lives are so bad that risking their lives to improve them seems like a reasonable thing to do."
] | [
"I am sure they do spy on each other all the time. However it is one thing to spy but it is another to tell your allies you are *not* spying on them - when you are. The US has been telling the US public that the NSA is trying to stop terrorism overseas. This has turned out to be a lie. As time goes on we are learni... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how/why does a fever cause me to feel both burning up and freezing cold at te same time? | [
"Your body is trying to kill the virus by overheating it. Your body is making your brain think you are cold so that you seek warmth to aid in the process of raising your body temperature. This is why when your fever breaks, you begin to sweat really hard - your body is trying to get your temperature back to normal.... | [
"Your body continues to function while you are asleep. Then, you add on the fact that you are not actively suppressing the symptoms (i.e, node stuffy? blow it. Throat kinda scratchy, go grab a drink. etc) and you wake up feeling worse than you went to bed"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The benefit of having our genitals so close to where we urinate. | [
"It's more that the two never separated than them being put close together. But having to develop and maintain a bunch of different tubes is costly from an evolutionary standpoint. Every new feature your body has consumes energy, and you have to get more food to justify the new tube. Having our reproduction separat... | [
"Because our ancestors used to have claws there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When doing physical activity in the heat, we obviously sweat more. Does this mean we are working even harder, and essentially burning more calories etc? | [
"No. It means your body is overheating and you are losing more water faster. That means you will have to stop working out sooner in order to re-hydrate and keep your body from shutting down."
] | [
"Because your body uses a lot of excess energy either way. If you are cold your body expends energy to warm itself. If you are hot the body expends energy to to activate cooling processes. Either way you are burning more energy than you normally would and thus need more rest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't people like Clear Channel Communications? | [
"Clear Channel is basically an advertising company (you'd be surprised how many billboards have the Clear Channel logo underneath the ad). They also hold a pretty big monopoly on almost all US radio stations. Sometimes advertising and the consumer's best interest do not go hand in hand. Example being here in DC whe... | [
"You don't mess with people who want to install Linux on their PlayStations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do dogs ears and tails get chopped off? | [
"It originated as a utility thing. Same with dew claw removal. A tail or ear that's been removed from a hunting dog is another part of the animal that prey can't latch onto. One less thing to get injured, scratched, bit, and infected. Today it seems to be done for aesthetic purposes, as that's the look we've grown... | [
"Is this why old guys wear there pants up to their arm pits?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can a non-native English speaker become an elementary school teacher in the USA? | [
"Provided they can speak understandable English and are able to pass certification then sure. There are no rules about being native to teach."
] | [
"Having a law degree isn't the same as being a qualified and experienced lawyer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is Pancreatic Cancer so difficult to treat? | [
"The pancreas is not well contained. It's like a sack inside a sack. If the cancer is already there and locally spread it is difficult to address with chemoradiation, and while surgery often gets most of it (certainly the best shot), if even 1 cell can float away and set up shop then it recurs."
] | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people say I hope they have a good lawyer so they can get less time? How do people get less time even though it was obvious they committed the crime? | [
"A lawyer can find loopholes and argue given the evidence to such a degree that even if they can't get you charged with a lesser offence, they can get you a reduced sentence."
] | [
"1.) Because some lawyers believe in equality of representation. Everyone deserves a voice in our society, no matter what they have done. 2.) Some might actually be innocent. The small chance that someone might be innocent is enough for you to fight for them. It is better to let a 100 criminals go free than to cond... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When the U.S. Government says "You can't sell pot" the individual States can decide "Oh yes we can!", but when the Feds say "You must allow gay marriage" why aren't the States aren't allowed to say "No!" | [
"When Colorado \"legalized\" weed, they did not say \"this law doesn't apply here anymore\", they said \"we will no longer use our **state** resources to enforce this law, if you (the federal government) want to enforce this law in Colorado, do it yourself.\" And this does happen occasionally: California had some m... | [
"Because (mostly) they come from countries where they don't have to follow your laws. So they don't, and there's nothing you can do about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why the caracters on cereals brand always look down ? | [
"Because they are placed on shelves where children must look up and marketing wants the characters to meet the eyes of children. It promotes sales to the parents because the eyes make a connection with the child, who in turn want that cereal. Its essentially psychological manipulation."
] | [
"My explanation is that they are cute and fun, so some people some people doing it and then they thought hey i like this, i like stick figures make cave man brain think good put on car family i like"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Cuba being a "communist" country affect its economy and its relationship with capitalism? | [
"One of the major rifts between western capitalists and Cuba was not about capitalism vs communism directly (Cuba is not actually by definition communist). But more about alliances with the USSR, and the Cuban missile crisis (Cuba Agreeing to accept nuclear ICBM's from Russia to aim at the US). Then Russia struck ... | [
"They felt that communism was trying to take over the world. Since communism was against the markets that capitalism (especially US capitalism) relied on to make money and fuel its economy the US was extremely worried that communism would spread and destroy these markets and therefore destroy its influence over \"t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
expansion of the universe and stability of units of measure | [
"Space is expanding at a rate of 67 kilometers per second per Megaparsec, or 2.171 attometers(10^-18) per second per meter. Over a million years, that would result in a 1 meter long bar being just 68 micrometers longer In reality though, the gravity and internal strength of the material will greatly overwhelm the e... | [
"Because it has nothing to do with mass. It is the curvature of spacetime"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is B. Obama always referred to as black? Is mulatto an offensive term? Why is a half-black person 'black' by default? | [
"Because race is a socially-determined category in the US. The names used have less to do with hue than history. If you have any African heritage at all, in this country you're Black. \"Mulatto\" is offensive because it's an artifact of an even more racist era. EDIT (an hour after original post): Just for balance,... | [
"I don't think it does at all. People call me 'white' and not an American. So why would it be racist to call someone 'black' instead of African American?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What makes voices sound 20 vs. 50 vs. 80 years old? | [
"Think of your vocal cords as if they were rubber bands. Brand new rubber bands (like when you are young) are tight and bounce right back after being stretched. Now think of an older rubber band (like when you are old), having being stretched over and over. It doesn't have the same elasticity it once had."
] | [
"A hundred years ago? Do you mean 5,000 years ago?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What purpose does a Bluetooth wireless toothbrush serve that my $.79 toothbrush cannot? | [
"It looks like there is a remote display that give you feedback based on sensors in the toothbrush and a timer. It also logs it to your phone, likely so you can see how often you have brushed and how good you were at following the directions given to you by the display. I guess there is an option to post to your Tw... | [
"I currently use a Philips Sonicare. It cleans better than a cheap electric tooth brush and the vibrations are less course. So the difference between a cheaper and more expensive electric toothbrush is the method it uses move the bristles and the cheaper ones tend to be cruder. my dental hygienist noticed when I sw... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
I don't understand how bigger food portions in commercial restaurants leads to lower costs/higher profits? | [
"People will pay based on the quantity of the food. That is, if you serve twice as much food, you can charge about twice as much. But it's not twice as difficult for a chef to make twice as much food; in a lot of cases, they can just use a bigger pot or whatever. So if your portions are twice as large, your revenue... | [
"Airlines (which are a very low profit margin business to begin with) have seen proof that even with higher ticket prices, people still buy them. What incentive do they have to lower them? Companies often increase prices in response to rising costs, but don't like lowering them in response to lower costs. Eats into... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does a pitch that is slightly flat sound better than one that is slightly sharp? | [
"I think that may be your opinion because flat sounds way worse to me than sharp. Can't say for sure though"
] | [
"Straining to hit a note means it is not within your vocal range, but is nearly within it. As such you kind of hit the note but do not really hit is clean or well. It does not sound good. The note is wrong if it is not perfectly in tune with the music. Being originally recorded is not a factor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it that certain word associations just have a single way that sounds "right." | [
"Because these are commonly used combinations and the more you hear it the easier it sticks to your brain. Its a historical accident that we use \"Salt and Pepper\" instead of \"Pepper and salt.\" If half of america used \"Salt and Pepper\" and the other half \"Pepper and salt.\" eventually one of them would win ov... | [
"Basically, it's because you forced the brain to think for a second, and that brief diversion made the brain forget you needed to sneeze. As I explained in a recent comment, it also works when using unexpected words like “pineapple” (or something equally unexpected in whatever language)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why animals like being pet so much. | [
"They're more susceptible to the effects of the endorphin release, or so I've heard. Plus it's like a massage. People really like to be touched too, we just have social standards that make it awkward to just walk up and start rubbing a person without drugs."
] | [
"Animals suicide too due to depression it just doesnt make the news often."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Animal behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Animal behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
} |
How a horse gets turned into glue | [
"Collagen is a type of protein that occurs in the connective tissues of animals. By breaking down animal collagen, a kind of gluey, gelatinous substance can be formed, which happens to work well as a light duty, reversible glue. In fact, gelatin is a form of animal glue. So they basically take a horse, grind it up,... | [
"Because it is hard to drink enough in one hour to wash the smell and taste of Corporate America off of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is it still a challenge for some countries to build ICBMs while US/USSR could already do it in the 50's? | [
"Because most countries aren't in the 1950s yet, in terms of their ability to create new homegrown technology. Sure, they have cell phones and computers, but they didn't make them, and even if they did, they didn't come up with the technology, they got it from technologies other countries gave or sold them. In term... | [
"We have. Anti-ballistic missile defense systems (ABM) have comprised a huge research and development cost since the 1980's. The US alone has spent something like almost 1 trillion dollars since the 80's developing ABM technology. The systems are currently deployed throughout parts of the US and the world. How well... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Was the prophet Muhammed a Jew? I know he founded Islam, but what was his religion before that? | [
"Muhammed had a complicated childhood. He was passed around a couple of times as parents died and such. His uncle, Abu Talib ibn Abdul-Muttalib, had him during what would probably have been religiously informative years. Their religion is somewhat hard to be sure about. Muslims call it as \"Jahiliyya\" or \"the age... | [
"OK, so , Muslims believe that their god sent a prophet with his true message. That was Mohammed. So, after Mohammed died, the church couldn't decide who should take over, who would carry on the only real message from god on how to live, etc. There were two front runners, Mohammed's brother, and Mohammed's uncle. A... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why wasps and other insects like it exist | [
"Animals and other lifeforms do not exist \"for a reason\", and while every lifeform inhabits a niche in it's environment, it does not have to be beneficial to that environment, or to other life in that environment- there is no purpose here. There is no *requirement* to *contribute*, only life's purpose to perpetu... | [
"They do— but not before they’ve fertilized the eggs for the next generation. Also, they’re small enough that some will hunker down where they’re protected from the wind. And other insects will be blown in on the same winds that blow those ones away."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do movie fighter pilots say something that sounds like "Box 3" when firing a middle? | [
"ITs \"Fox\" not Box, it indicates they are firing, and what type of missile, so that everyone knows > Fox One - Indicates launch of a semi-active radar-guided missile (such as the AIM-7 Sparrow). > Fox Two - Indicates launch of an infrared-guided missile (such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder) > Fox Three - Indicates la... | [
"Plane A has missile lock on another plane B, the computer on plane B senses a missile lock and registers a missile hit. Yea just like lasertag"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why are some items still being transported by train? | [
"It's still fiscally sound to transport items via train. Especially large items. Coming from someone who works in logistics and in aviation, the cost of shipping anything via air vs. ground is staggering. Not to mention many items that are shipped via train are generally to large to realistically be flown anywhere.... | [
"No, if you pay them more they will put your package on a plane instead of driving it across the country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does scraping a fork or knife on a plate make people cringe so much? | [
"I have this exact problem. For me, it's because the sound resembles the same high pitch/scratchy noise that comes from nails on a chalkboard."
] | [
"you can, take something small and pointy, scratch it on the inside of your nose a little bit, it forces a sneeze. just dont scratch yourself too forcefully"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
How does Google have so much money if there services are mostly provided for free? Where is their main source of income? | [
"Google Ads. Google has some very smart ad technology (Adwords), petting them put some really good targeted ads into pages you may view, like news articles 89% of Google's money comes from advertising. They also make money off of Android phones, google play, and youtube."
] | [
"If a company isn't charging the user anything, then it's likely that they are collecting data about you and selling it to a third party. They do have to make money, and this is how they do it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
ELIM5:What happens to Spiderman's used web lines? | [
"They dissolve after a few hours. He can adjust the formula to make it last longer if required."
] | [
"Actually, ELI5, how the fuck are you relieving ear itches with your tongue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What are the differences between GDP and PPP-adjusted GDP? | [
"_URL_0_ PPP means that all the currencies are adjusted to their \"real\" value, in some sort of standard goods (called, interestingly enough, a \"market basket\"). Say the nominal exchange rate between Dollars and Tollers is 3:1. For every 3 Dollers, you can get 1 Toller. However, if a loaf of bread costs 2 Doller... | [
"GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced in the country over a year. This is also equal to the total amount of income generated by producing those things. GDP per capita is the total value of all goods and services per person. It is the average (numerical mean) income per person. PPP means p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it so easy to become dehydrated while it is not as easy to become rehydrated again? | [
"Because the body needs time to absorb water and process it to parts that need it, whereas it's fairly easy to expend water as needed for things like sweat. Think of the body as many little storerooms that get supplies from a central hub. It's easy to empty the storerooms, but it takes a long time to fill all of th... | [
"Your head feeling heavy after staying in bed for too long might be because of you not being able to take in any water or food for a long time, thus making you slightly dehydrated and malnourished."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why do cars and sport games come out “a year early”? | [
"It’s released towards the end of the year to be enjoyed during most of The following year."
] | [
"Some games come to PC first and to consoles later (Diablo 3). Some games come to consoles first and PC later because the developers want to optimize the game more or add new features (GTA 5). Some games come to PC later because Sony and/or Microsoft will pay a developer to wait so that the first release of the gam... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How did LizardSquad take down (See list in text) At the same time, right now ? | [
"Where did you hear lizard squad took claim for the outage? I thought it was just the storm that hit some data center."
] | [
"There have been hacks on TV, try googling the Max Headroom incident."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do we think so differently even if our brains are practically the same? | [
"We, humans, think differently than one another primarily due to our different upbringings and respective experiences that shaped who we are. Built right into that is culture, education and regional differences. These, and more factors, add up to creating our personalities, which reflect on how we act. To make a sl... | [
"It's not about how big your brain is, it's how you use it. Human brains have been shrinking for the last few thousand years, but by all accounts we're getting smarter. It's about how wrinkly your brain is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
The Napkin Ring Paradox | [
"Imagine a ball, a sphere. If you poke a cylinder through the middle of it imagining it cutting material away, it'll leave a shape that's like a napkin ring, that is a ring, with a flat inner side, and a curved outer side. If you poke a thicker cylinder through, the resulting shape you get ends up not as tall, ri... | [
"Star Wars Episode VII: The Jar Jar Binks Adventures"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do people black out when drinking? | [
"Well, quite simply put alcohol is poison, and as such it has some negative effects on your body. To be spesific, there is a part of your brain called the hippocampus, that is the part of the brain that is responsible for learning and memory. It uses a metal called Zinc to do this. Zinc is also known as spelter. Al... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Scotland Independence? | [
"The United Kingdom (Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland) are governed by a central Westminisher electorate (in London). Currently, Scotland has control over devolved powers which have been granted to us. However, this does not allow us true fiscal autonomy and we are very much under the cosh of Westmini... | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the difference in flying a space ship or a fighter jet? | [
"**TL;DR: Jets need to take into account air physics, spaceships need to take into account gravity physics.** Fighter jet is in the atmosphere and thus relies on using the air for lift. A pilot would need to be aware of the fluid physics that comes with each interaction with the plane, such as how to lower and rais... | [
"Tell me... how many computers were in the P-51? How many stealth features? How about communications, sensors, and jet engines? Oh... none? (With the exception of a radio) Comparing a P-51 to an F-22 is about as sensible as comparing a Model T to a Tesla... I mean strictly speaking they do the same thing... but one... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How did 4chan go from basically worshiping "V for Vendetta", to rallying behind the very things the protagonist of that movie stood against? | [
"The user base of 4chan shifted when it became a mainstream/popular website. Now it sounds more like a slightly edgier version of most other websites, and not the greasy underbelly of the Internet as it once was."
] | [
"Guy (Guido) Fawkes planned to blow up a few very important buildings. The Gunpowder Plot, as it was known, was going to blow up the House of Lords, but he failed when someone tipped off the feds. On Nov 5 they found him with a bunch of gunpowder and and they executed him (he actually sort of executed himself, but ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do human children create such a big fuss about eating food, while their counterparts in the rest of the animal kingdom don't display similarly recalcitrant behaviour? | [
"They're the only ones being told to eat at a particular time and place, regardless of how they are feeling or of what else is currently holding their interest. Occurring before they've been trained to accept these conditions, is enough to make anyone as surly as a leech on a corpse."
] | [
"To some degree they imitate human babies, which of course we have an instinct to love. But frankly, humans seem to have an instinctive love for livestock animals and similar animals. Presumably because this behavior helped our ancestors to survive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why are there no 'big' dogs, only cats? | [
"Because they are pack hunters, and therefore don't have an evolutionary benefit from increased size. Feline species usually hunt alone, and therefore have an advantage if they are giant sabletoothed monsters. You should also keep in mind that chihuahuas and basically every dog 'kind' you see we not evolved that w... | [
"everyone in this thread is talking about insect, but there's a bunch of animals inbetween tiny mosquitoes and humans does a leaf frog get hurt when a rain drop hits it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The causes of the recent stock market crash in China and the effects of it on the Global market | [
"artificial inflation was part. things like devaluating their own currency so people would buy more. they tampered too much and didn't hold to the commons of economics."
] | [
"High levels of government debt, poor infrastructure, increasing competition from emerging economies, poor levels of general education, reduction in immigration, increasing inflation all are major indicators that the American economy is in for some major difficulties, tackling these issues would reduce the scale of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why can I suddenly smell items from across the room when I notice the items visually, even if I couldn't smell them beforehand? | [
"Reticular activation - we tend to notice phenomenon we're aware of. Its why when you buy a car you never heard of, after you take it off the lot, you start seeing it everywhere."
] | [
"So I have what I thought is a \"lack of a sense of smell\" or one of the worst of anyone I know. I don't know what things smell like. When people say they smell the fresh cut grass or the smell of rain in the air or things of that nature, I don't understand. I've never been able to identify any food by the smell.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can I use the pronunciation things on Wikipedia? | [
"Is it just me, or does wikipedia need to implement a speech engine to pronounce the words whenever there is an IPA definition? I'd rather hear it than looking at the alphabet soup and spending 5 minutes piecing it together from the tables."
] | [
"This is really cool! Is there an easy way to search through it for a particular topic?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
On Planet Earth they talk about how Marine Iguanas can hold their breath for 30 minutes underwater, how are they feeding if they are holding their breath ? | [
"> Are they able to close off their airways while they eat or do they have a separate process ? They close off their airway while they eat, much like how humans close our airway when we swallow. Get a cup of water, hold your breath, and take a drink while holding your breath. This is something you can do perfectly ... | [
"Whales are mammals, they need to breath air. They are not fish, so they can't extract oxygen from water and stay down forever. Instead they breach to breathe and just hold their breath a long time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do I tend to start disassociating a word with its meaning the more I look at it? Like, "cat." Cat, cat, cat. | [
"If your brain is receiving the same information for a while, it starts to ignore it so you can focus on other things. It's like how you forget about a smell if you're around it for a while. The same thing happens with words and their meaning."
] | [
"Dyslexic here! I have some difficulty with them, and find myself having to retry them more than my peers but they don't pose to much of a problem. If I'm having a problem with determining a word/symbol or a set of words/symbols I just have to isolate the problem and ask myself questions to clear it up. Is that a p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Language and cognition:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and cognition:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I continue hearing about the idea of term limits in the US Congress. What would be the process of getting term limits set up, and who would have the power to do so? | [
"What's the reasoning behind term limits being a good idea?"
] | [
"The right to bear arms is part of the Constitution. In order to change that you have to have a 2/3rds approval in Congress, the President to not veto, and 3/4 support from each State government via ratification. While many if not most believe things should change, there is not enough agreement and support on how t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Firearms control:"
} |
Why is it important to brush your teeth in the morning? | [
"Plaque build up on your teeth. The conditions when you are sleeping, such as a relatively dry mouth, can help them build up even better than they do when you are awake. These teeth, when exposed to some foods, make acidic products which can weaken and even permanently damage your teeth by removing the material tha... | [
"You don't produce saliva while you are in deep sleep. Because of this your mouth is dry and becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. This bacteria cause bad breath. It is why you should brush your teeth in the morning as well as in the evening."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Health:"
} |
What the heck causes that searing pain when a person bites down on aluminum foil? Does it happen to everyone or only people with fillings? How about just a cavity but no filling? | [
"Metal foils dissolve in your spit, forming free ions. These give their extra electrons to the metal filling, which then pass it to your tooth's root nerve. This activates the nerve, causing pain."
] | [
"Normally this happens in the gums, not the actual tooth. Nerve endings can be exposed in the gums from brushing too hard or other things. So when you eat something hot or cold, your tooth seems to hurt. You can use a toothpaste like sensodyne. This paste forms a protective layering over the gum and lets the nerves... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why aren't all instruments in Concert C? | [
"Historically, it was common to have families of very closely related instruments with identical fingering systems but different sizes (for example, clarinets in A and Bb). Players of one instrument would often play the other, but if all music were in concert pitch, then the player would have to learn an entirely n... | [
"Is there any reason why you chose 1116 in particular?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do I look different in pictures of me and what I see in the mirror? | [
"The reflection you see in the mirror is actually a mirrored version of the real you (go figure). In photographs, your image is not mirrored, but how everyone else sees you. You normally only see reflections of yourself, and because your face is not perfectly symmetrical, or your hair flips to one side or the other... | [
"No. When you look at the side of your face you see the same thing that everyone else does when they look at the side of your face. If people saw the side of your face/head when they looked you in the eye they would be looking you in the ear. That would be weird. It seems you're asking \"do people see me as attract... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
"subsidy: The banks that are potentially the most dangerous can borrow at lower rates, because creditors perceive them as too big to fail." | [
"If I'm a creditor and a someone wants to borrow money from me I'm going to adjust my rates based on how likely I am to get my money back. The more likely I am to get paid back, the more likely I am to charge less interest since I know the payments will be coming in as scheduled and I can plan my other finances ar... | [
"They made a very risky investment, which they thought they would gain a lot of money from, and instead it lost them a lot of money. The... Senate, I believe? is now working on creating laws that say banks are not allowed to make such risky investments, because that puts the money of their customers in danger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that the nervous systems of biological organisms are generally more efficient at processing information than human made computers? | [
"Because we are made of nanotechnology, and nanotechnology is relatively energy inexpensive to run. After all, you're only performing actions on specific molecules rather than moving millions and billions of electrons."
] | [
"The human brain is *not* an incredible computer at certain tasks, such as math calculations. I mean, it's incredible compared to many other brains, and even some of the earliest electronic computers. But it isn't good at specifically doing math computations compared to a digital computer. However, human brains are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why my dad can't tell me anything about his jury duty case but they televise ones like the Jodi Arias case | [
"Because he swore to keep it quiet. The judge could have allowed the media to be more involved and informed of the case your dad is a juror on (probably) but it isn't necessary. The judge allowed it in the Jodi Arias case though, but the jury still was restricted in a lot of ways just like your dad."
] | [
"he killed someone, he was uber famous, he got away with it. one of the primary examples of celebrity priviledge in law."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does it smell like chlorine when you cry? | [
"You should probably get that checked by a doctor...."
] | [
"Don't they say if your urine smells of sugar puffs you should get checked for diabetes?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does Japanese and Chinese media seem to portray the Buddha as some sort of dogmatic deity, when the crux of his teachings were that he's just a guy. | [
"Buddhism spread from India to China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia over a period of centuries and although all schools of Buddhism trace their origin to the historical Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) the Buddhist traditions throughout Asia differ in their specific \"theology\". The most popular forms of Buddhism in Ch... | [
"Buddhist monks don't say prayers. Certain schools in the Mahayana lineage - particularly Tibetan - have chants and mantras designed to assist meditative states. Sometimes local cultural deities in villages will find their way into a mixture of Buddhism and the local religion but that is on a case by case basis. Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does, when getting hit in the balls, the pain get worse over time and leave you with a stomach ache? | [
"When you were a fetus, your testicles originally formed inside your abdomen, near the intestines, kidneys and stomach. Even after your balls have dropped, for the rest of your life, all of the major blood vessels and nerves in your testicles are have connections routed through your intestines, kidneys, and stomach... | [
"I would guess nerve endings. My SO at the time poked me in my belly button one time and I felt a sharp pain in my anus area. No joke."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do dogs like the game of fetch with a twig or a ball soo much? | [
"Dogs have historically been used for various tasks (hearding, hunting, tracking, ect.) The act of fetching alone is one that has been driven into them for many generations, so yes, it has a genetic component. But also their brains have evolved to be very task-oriented. One of the truest things I've read/witnessed ... | [
"Dogs chase things that move, be it a cat, chicken, jogger, bike, motor, or a car. It's part of its instinct to hunt and defend its territory."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how they put up a tower crane | [
"[Consider this image](_URL_0_) I may miss a step here but the jist of it is this. The grey portion is the tower heading down to the building. When the crane is first put on the building there is only one grey section. When you want to raise the crane one unit of grey section you detach the red one from the grey on... | [
"to couple on to the other responses pulling a vacuum on a fridge would cause any container inside to explode"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is golf always associated with “Rich people” | [
"Because it's an expensive sport to play. The play area takes huge areas of land to maintain, which requires a lot of money from the operator, which requires a lot of money from the clientele."
] | [
"I'm pretty sure it's not normal to \"eat out\" outside the US. It's for rich people and tourists."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does darkness make you see "things?" | [
"Darkness is an empty canvas to the eye. It gives the imagination and your brain's visual processing centres free rein to be creative. The [white noise image](_URL_0_) seen on tv's offers the same effect."
] | [
"I've heard if you close one eye and keep one open, blindness is what you see from the closed one. Try it, you don't see black, you really see nothing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are the sanctions against Russia so specific? Why not send a stronger message with wider sanctions? | [
"Ukraine is not part of NATO, nor is it traditionally part of NATO's sphere of influence. It is traditionally part of Russia's sphere of influence. If major economic sanctions were imposed, Russia would see that as disproportionate, because Ukraine is not supposed to be of any interest to NATO. So Russia would reta... | [
"The Russian currency and its economy as a whole are crumbling due to the sanctions and the drop in ppb of oil. Furthermore, the sanctions can be seen as a warning shot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do pirates crack games without access to the source code? | [
"Basically run the program in a debugger (using assembly!) and when you got to the part that did the check, you do a jmp to the point right after the check succeeds. Source: used to crack software back in the day. Now, I pay for everything!"
] | [
"If I sell you the game I just made, there is nothing really to stop you from copying it and giving it to all of your friends, except for it being illegal. Software makers would rather all of your friends buy a copy too. DRM stands for Digital Rights Management, and the idea is to include features in the software t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does fanning your face when you're hot seem to cool off your entire body? | [
"Lots of blood flows to your head, so your head is a really important place for expelling excess heat from your body."
] | [
"Movement generates body heat, and so our body starts trembling to make us warmer. It's kind of similar to how you can warm yourself up through exercise, but on a smaller scale."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The difference between a gasoline engine and a diesel engine. | [
"Both engines convert fuel into energy through combustion. The difference is how the combustion happens. In a gasoline engine, air gets mixed into the fuel, the mixture is compressed, and then the mixture is ignited by a spark plug. For a diesel engine, there is no mixing and the air is compressed first. The air he... | [
"Because you are using gas to power your car and power the motor on the air conditioner instead of just using gas to power your car."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are illegal immigrants bad for America? | [
"If immigrants from poor countries come into your country and perform jobs, they will most likely send the money home to support their families. That money is sent *out* of the economy of the country and is not recycled back in. So most of the salary of that employee flows out instead of jumping from citizen to ci... | [
"Bringing the subject of race into a conversation when it is irrelevant. Person 1: I think that illegal immigration in America is a problem. There's no way to see if any dangerous individuals are entering the country. Besides, they can't pay taxes, yet many receive government benefits. Person 2: Why are you racist ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why a coder can't simply "decompile" an executable to get perfect source code for reverse engineering a piece of software? | [
"Because the compiler preforms many irreversible changes to the code. At the very least, comments and variable names are removed, names of private functions are obfuscated, and the code is optimized to make it run faster and better. However, certain programming languages, such as Java and C#, are compiled into a in... | [
"Scripts always remain in plain text, and is interpreted as it's ran. This means if you give someone a script, you're pretty much giving them the source code. Programs are compiled when you are finished writing them, and are ran as bytecode. If you give someone a compiled program, it cannot easily be turned back in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what are these "knots" people speak of when getting/giving back massages? What are knots, how are they formed and how do they disappear? | [
"I actually asked that one a while ago. The ELI5 would be: Our muscle can tense up when we perform activities, or when we are stressed. When our muscle tense up, it forms a \"knot\". Our muscle does not know how to relax itself after tensing up. These \"knots\" are essentially tensed muscles, which causes a person ... | [
"Your various joints can produce small air bubbles which get trapped inside the ligaments. \"popping\" your knuckles, wrists, neck ecc. simply forces the air out of the joint producing that lout (and quite satisfactory) pop. It's completely harmless since the bubbles are microscopic and get easily absorbed by the b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do two way mirrors work? | [
"The sad truth is that you've been lied to! One-way mirrors are not, in fact, one way mirrors. They're just partially silvered glass; this makes the glass reflect more light than normal glass. Then, you have one side of the glass be in a bright room, and one in a dark room. When you're in the light room, most of th... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why after shaving do I get pimples? | [
"Small nicks or cuts on your skin get infected. Hairs once cut smooth to the skin have a chance of becoming ingrown and infected. And you can sometimes push dirt and bacteria into a pore causing it to become infected."
] | [
"Your face has more oil glands than the rest of the body. Its the oil glands that causes pimples. It's also genetic. So people get pimples everywhere. Some just the forehead. I only get pimples near and around my jaw line."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do dogs love to stick theirs head out a car window, but hate it when you blow on their faces? | [
"Blowing in a dogs face (iirc) is a sign of dominance source: I worked in an animal hospital for a few years"
] | [
"It seems to come as a surprise to my dog, every time he farts the noise spooks him. Also do you go sit on the toilet or go outside every time you fart?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is Imgur so much faster is loading gifs than Minus is? | [
"I don't know what Minus is, so I'm assuming it's a significantly smaller image host. The infrastructure behind imgur is likely significantly more advanced, with more powerful hardware. As a result, it is able to process requests more quickly."
] | [
"Basically they will dedicate more servers to hosting PAYING adverts, than a video of some random kid trying to eat cinnamon. If you download the extension \"Magic Actions for YouTube\" for Chrome, the video will continue to load when paused."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why are the offspring of some animals so different to their adult form? (e.g. tadpole/frog; caterpillar/butterfly) | [
"It allows the different life stages of the animal to take advantage of different conditions and food sources. In some cases the larva should really be looked at as the \"main\" organism and adults only as mating/dispersal mechanisms; some adult insects do not even eat (ie mayfly), and they only live for short per... | [
"The ecological niches formerly occupied by dinosaurs were taken over by the creatures that survived the mass extinction. So now instead of big dinosaur carnivores like t-rex, we have big mammalian carnivores like lions, tigers, polar bears, killer whales, and fish like great white and bull sharks. If all mammals b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Laws in International waters | [
"Sorry to say but no you can't just sail into international waters and kill whoever you please without repercussion. Whichever flag your boat flies will ultimately have jurisdiction over you, so if you leave port in California flying an American flag, they will have the right to prosecute you in the same way as if ... | [
"Only if the federal government let it. See: American Civil War"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
EPLI5: the situation in London | [
"I'm a Londoner who just woke up about five minutes ago and had no idea anything *was* happening in London. So, uh... thanks for the heads up. (I really need to start watching the news more...) Edit: Oh, and from what I can gather, people are angry that police shot dead somebody called Mark Duggan, [though I can't ... | [
"What jurisdiction are you interested in? The USA?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How effective medical marijuana is. Is it actually useful compared to other meds? Or is it just used to get people to see the good side to marijuana | [
"To be clear I'm not bashing marijuana or those who use it in any way. I'm just curious if medical marijuana is actually effective compared to other meds or if it's more a propaganda related ordeal to stop people from falsely accusing marijuana as some 'terrible drug'. Feedback from people who have used medical ma... | [
"There are medical applications for heroin too. It works as an effective substitute for morphine. I think there are a ton of reasons that weed shouldn't be a schedule 1 drug, but I don't think medical use is one of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do balloons hold/attract so much static? | [
"Rubber is an insulated material. That means charges cannot move like they can in metal (a conductor). Because charges can't move, when they are transferred from other materials, they build up due to rubber's poor conductance. The build-up of charge leads to the static, because it's built up to the point where it c... | [
"Am I going crazy? OP asked why it happens and everyone is giving old wives tales about how to get the water out. One guy just went on a rant about not using Q-tips Anyway, to actually answer the question, it has to do with cohesion, aka surface tension. Little water droplets basically get into the small spaces on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is ventricular tachycardia and how dangerous is it? | [
"SVT, or *supraventricular tachycardia,* is a condition where the two upper chambers of the heart (the *atria*, which are above the *ventricles,* giving this its name) sometimes beat too fast for the ventricles to keep up, and this means there's less fresh, oxygenated blood moving through the heart and around the b... | [
"An irregular heart beat is called arrhythmia. This happens when your heart does not beat at a steady rhythm. Heart rate is the number of beats per minute. You can have an irregular heartbeat at normal, high, or low heart rates. Therefore, no, using any substance that raises your heart rate is not necessarily going... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are us street numbers so random? | [
"Many places in the US (though not NYC) houses are numbered by the cross street, so between 6th and 7th avenue (or what would be if they haven't been given other names) the houses go from 600 to 700. So if you're going to use this system it makes a certain amount of sense to space the numbering out so that 650 is i... | [
"why are their tax rates so much higher?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Education:"
} |
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