query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
If I get $3000 in employee stock options, what does that mean for me? | [
"Basically, on the date specified in the contract, you get that much in company stock. If the company does well, it could turn into big money later on. Just think of companies like Apple or Home Deppot, who gave out stock options in the beginning, and who's employees made millions as the company grew."
] | [
"The market overall is down right now, so it makes sense that you lost some money. The three main things you need to know: Investment gains are slow; it wouldn't be a surprise for it to take a year or so before you make $10 on $500. The safest way to invest is to diversity; buying shares of an index fund or an ETF ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do different gas stations set up right next to one another? | [
"There's actually a thought experiment for this. Imagine a mile-long beach. Lots of thirsty customers. You want to set up a drink stand, where do you do it? In the middle, of course. Now a competitor comes in. You realize you can no longer hog the entire beach for yourself. How do you position yourselves fairly? We... | [
"Some gas stations make very little or no profit on gas sales, especially when prices everywhere are very high. They make their money when you go inside and buy munchies. They'll keep their price at their break-even point just to get you in the door. In your example, this is gas station B. Gas station A is making a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Automotive industry:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Automotive industry:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Economics:"
} |
In artist collaborations, what's the difference between featuring, versus, and with? | [
"Versus: is usually a head to head battle. Real time call and response. A guitar head cutting duel or quite simply a mashup remix. Featuring: Usually involves song composed and recorded by one artist and they call out to a friend to do a bit of sessions. If the artist good enough its a feature. Or while giving youn... | [
"Because people like recognition for the work they put into something. In a way, the credits are there for the people who are listed in the credits more than the people watching the movie."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Infinite Tosses of Coin | [
"> If you toss a coin an infinite number of times, must you get some heads and some tails, or you could you get an infinite number of one side of the coin (e.g., tails)? You will get what mathematicians call an **almost surely** non-zero number of heads. In this context, it means that, although getting all tails is... | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does the ''dark side'' of the moon actually end up getting more light as the ''light side'' spends so much time in our shadow?. | [
"No. They end up getting the same amount of light. Each part of the moon spends half an orbit in sunlight and half an orbit in dark. The moon is actually almost never in our shadow, that is a lunar eclipse and they happen rarely. The dm physically night side of the moon at any moment is in its own shadow. Just like... | [
"The moon is tidal locked with the earth and always shows the same side to the earth. However it is not locked in respect to the sun. The moon revolves once around the Earth per month (duh!) This means that the part of the moon that gets sunshine changes throughout the month. During a full moon the side that is tur... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If the stock market always goes up, then why would anyone sell at a low point? | [
"The stockmarket in general has an upward trend, but that doesn't mean every individual stock will always go up. Plenty of them stagnate, or continuously lower in value until the company goes bankrupt. Additionally, even if a stock is going to go up again, that doesn't mean it will go up in a reasonable time frame,... | [
"There are a lot of ways to make money (or lose money) by investing in stocks. What he is talking about is called a 'short,' and he is almost definitely making it up. To make money on an equity like a company stock that falls in value, you pay a small fee to 'borrow,' someone else's stock and you sell it. Then, whe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Finance:"
} |
The political situation in Egypt | [
"This is a rather vague question, perhaps you could be more specific? Anyway, to summarize, before the 2011 protests Egyptian elections were always rigged and the \"president\" was essentially a dictator. The eruption of popular protests forced president Hosni Mubarak to resign. There were fears that the transitio... | [
"Even the official story is far from bloodless if you consider the various conflicts in Ireland and Scotland."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is the NHS in the UK suddenly failing? | [
"Don't believe Conservative lies and propaganda. The NHS is working very well, it is not \"failing\". The mission of the NHS is to provide **everyone** in the UK with the right to prompt and quality medical care. So far, in the 66 years of the NHS this mission has succeeded beyond the greatest of expectations. If ... | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do muslims consider it a sin to draw/illustrate Muhammed, when it does not clearly say anything about it in the Quran? | [
"The Bible and the Koran are both very strict about idol worshipping -- it's actually one of the Jewish/Christian Ten Commandments and is repeated multiple times in the Koran. Muslims therefore consider it a grave sin to worship Mohammed rather than Allah, and some fear that if anyone were to make images of Mohamme... | [
"Your question is probably gonna get downvoted to hell, but I have heard from a Muslim friend of mine that parts of the Quran actually encourages the killing of non-believers. But like most religion, including Christianity, the holy book contradicts itself, and other parts of the Quran actually promote peaceful co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When my phone is shut down, are there still processes running? | [
"Depends on what you mean by 'shut down' and how you define a 'process'. When it's LOCKED and the screen is black because it's folded or in a cradle or put away, yes, absolutely. It is still processing battery power to detect incoming texts and calls and to give audible or vibrating alarms when that happens. Can't... | [
"It's still doing things even if you're not using it .. connecting to cell towers, searching for new towers if the current one is going out of range, searching for WiFi if you have it enabled, downloading updates, etc etc. It has a mind of it's own and does things even if it's just sitting in your pocket."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do Americans that get angry about the Government spending money on social services often not care about the massive amounts spent on the military? | [
"Most do care about the massive amnt of money spent onthe military. Your premise is flawed."
] | [
"The funding comes from the budgets that are already set for your military budgets and are gathered by your taxes. This is why you have a military. Why do so many in the UK think this will be some unfunded thing? Do they not teach how taxes and government budgets work in the UK?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do my cheeks hurt intensely on the first (and only first) bite of certain foods? | [
"Food that enters the mouth stimulates the salivary glands to produce large amounts of saliva. One of large salivary glands is known as the parotid gland and is located just about where your cheeks are (but closer to your ear). Sometimes the stimulation when food enters your mouth is so strong that this parotid gla... | [
"It's just like, one single \"taste bud\" that gets all angry and swells up - not friggin huge, but bigger than the rest, and it feels all sensitive. I get them after acidic foods - oranges, tomatoes, pineapple. When I was a kid, I'd just pinch them off with my fingernails; it hurt like hell for a minute but they w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
If one were to play the lottery, would your chances be better if you picked the numbers yourself or if you let the machine randomly select them? | [
"No, your chances would be exactly the same. The numbers don't matter. The chances of all of the numbers coming up as 1 are as high as any other combination."
] | [
"Since each spin is totally unaffected by the last spin, every time you bet on a number the odds are 35-1, whether or not you stick to one number or change numbers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why is it that transparent materials adopt reflective qualities in the correct light? For instance, looking through a window at night. | [
"The surface of glass always reflects stuff. During the day the light from the outside is so bright that you can't see the dim reflections from the inside. But during the night, the inside of your house is much brighter than the outside. So the reflection will be bright while the outside stays dark."
] | [
"Because it's the actual color of the glass, it has more contrast because you are seeing the whole glass when you look at it at an angle"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
When you have bad credit why do car dealerships raise the payments instead of lowering? | [
"When you have bad credit, you are more of a credit risk to the financer. People who have bad credit are far more likely to not pay their bills than someone with good credit. This costs the lender money, so they charge a higher interest rate to make it worthwhile to lend money to people who have a track record of n... | [
"Do your homework. There tons of sites where you can find out what others have paid and what the going price is for your area. There's more mark up on a used car vs a new one. Don't finance through the dealership they're not the best deal. Check with local banks for rates if you must finance. Don't say you can only... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do TV and film overuse the cheesy 'Wilhelm' scream as opposed to just recording their own scream? | [
"They use plenty of other screams. The Wilhelm scream is overused on purpose, it's an inside joke in the industry."
] | [
"In some cases, the audience is a live audience. These audiences may or may not be told when to laugh. In others, the sound of an audience laughing may be dubbed in. Specifically for Drake and Josh, all my sources suggest it's prerecorded and added in later. (But can you imagine how awkward those laugh track pauses... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't I eat or sleep when going through a really stressful situation | [
"Glucocorticoids. Your body releases these hormones in stressful situations to aid in the ol fight or flight response, (Back from when our stressors required such response .. Being stalked by a large predator, etc. Issue is that we now feel stress in situations that don't require these reactions so these chemicals ... | [
"I'm no expert, but I do know it's harder for you to wake up and feel energized during the middle of REM sleep"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
why aren't all hand/dish soaps antibacterial by this point? | [
"Hand soap has always been anti-bacterial and we've known that since Dr. Lister started recommending that other doctors wash their hands. Though it was ridiculed by many at the time, Dr. Lister gave us \"Germ Theory\", that disease is caused and spread by germs to small to be seen by the naked eye. Any soap kills ... | [
"the dishwater does a water cycle to wash off those chemicals. same with your laundry thing"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is heat different in countries? | [
"Humidity can really have an effect on how hot you sense things are because a lot of moisture in the air makes it thicker and prevents your sweat's evaporation process from cooling you down. So you get more heat from the thicker air and lose less heat from the evaporation that's prevented, and that sucks. But a sec... | [
"Did you mean in the USA, or in Japan?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What kind of chemistry is happening at my neighborhood pool when everyone's sunscreen, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and body fluids mix with the chlorinated pool water? | [
"Not sure what pharmaceuticals you're talking about. Does each person just drop their Xanax and Aspirin into the pool to make it a real party? Pharmaceuticals don't really \"leak\" through your skin, so I'm not sure what pharmaceuticals are getting into the pool. Either way, there aren't any chemical reactions occ... | [
"This is dependent on the source obviously, but most water is not \"clean\", meaning it has particles of other things in it. Water in outdoor environments can have contaminants from farm runoff, dirt, algae, etc. Pool water can have chlorine, bromine, and salts that can cause irritation, and virtually all water, fr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:"
} |
Why is it that in games like GTA you can destroy signs, poles, etc but not trees? | [
"Signs/poles etc. can be shown to snap cleanly in half. If a tree did that without splintering and such, it would look terrible"
] | [
"Yes it would make it harder for pets to use, but it would also make it far more annoying for people to use as well. Most pets can't open doors anyway."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do tobacco companies put so much crap in their cigarettes? | [
"Dude. They don't put that shit in, that shit is naturally occuring byproducts of combustion of organic material. That graphic is making the point that these byproducts are also found in 'scary' things you wouldn't want to eat. It's anti-smoking propaganda. Note: I am an ex-smoker and think that smoking is terrible... | [
"It's not the tobacco that's addictive. It's the nicotine in cigarettes that is addictive. Hookah does not typically contain nicotine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
At what point does a war become a World War and who is in charge of declaring it that title? | [
"The First World War was known as The Great War as it was the war to end all wars. However after another great war erupted just a few decades later that were even bigger the name did not stick. Since the second war were a combination of many different wars all over the world calling them World War One and World War... | [
"It's only a war crime if you lose. The winners are the ones who get to decide what behavior was out of bounds during the war."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is the price of diesel not going down as much as gas? | [
"In this country we ship and transport goods. The trucks have to keep rolling to support our infrastructure. The gas companies know this! You should ask why it is more. Diesel is a byproduct of the process of gasoline..."
] | [
"The price of oil has recently fallen. Subsequently the price of oil products (such as gas) is also falling. It goes up and down. No big deal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:"
} |
Why that guy kneeling during the national anthem in a crowd, is getting so much attention on Reddit? | [
"People who don’t understand that the very thing that makes this country great *is* the right to non-violently protest believe that he is disrespecting the flag/country/military by kneeling. They don’t realize that they are disrespecting the military, and all those who have died protecting our freedoms, by trying ... | [
"He is not good enough to play. The NFL teams are not blacklisting him for some arbitrary reason. He is not good enough. It really is that simple, no matter how hard his fans wish otherwise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why it's legal to be drunk in a bar, legal to be drunk at your home, but illegal to be drunk anywhere inbetween. | [
"Public Drunkiness. Your home is private property, the bar is private property, and in between is public. Since you're not allowed to be drunk in public, you can't be drunk on the streets. But since the bar isn't public property, you can be drunk there all you want with the owner's permission."
] | [
"It's not illegal. It actually depends on where you are really. For example, you can sleep in your car at a rest stop on the highway. What gave you the idea that it was illegal? Again, depending on where you are the police might stop to check on you and might tell you to move on, but you aren't going to get arreste... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If Hollywood is so accepting of homosexuality, why are some actors still in the closet? | [
"The industry is, but not the fans and the rest of the public."
] | [
"I don’t think there’s anything to explain. Sometimes we as humans are just hypocrites. Why is Bill Clinton given a pass on all the allegations against him? Why do people follow some bits of the bible and reject the bits they don’t like? Humans are strange."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a bank fail? | [
"By owing money to people that it doesn't have, which is a constant risk when it comes to fractional reserve lending. That being said this can happen anyway even without loaning more money than you have - if I run a bank and have 1000 deposits of $1000, and I loan out $100,000 to a business for a year, and then two... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If testicles are so vital and important to reproduction, why are they so sensitive? | [
"To alert you quickly that they are possibly being hurt and need to be protected better at that time."
] | [
"Testicles need to be kept at *exactly* the right temperature to make healthy sperm. Unfortunately, that temperature is colder than your body's natural temperature and is too specific to regulate normally. Thus, the balls moved out of your body to keep away from your heat, but they can be moved closer or further aw... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What kind of "filler" is in tobacco? | [
"In cigarettes it can be anything from sawdust to paper. In cigars, filler is refers to as the parts of the leaf that provide combustion when lighting."
] | [
"Because then no one would buy their \"beaver anus\" flavored foods."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do waiters pour water out of the side of the pitcher rather than the front, where it's supposed to be poured out of? | [
"The spout on most pitchers has a lip on it to stop ice from flowing out (or lemons if they're being fancy). If they want to put more ice in your cup while adding water they'll pour from the side so ice falls out too"
] | [
"The angle of the lip determines whether water will cling and run down the side or pour smoothly out. The narrow neck of a bottle lets you tilt it further before liquid comes out compared to a cup, so it is easier to pour from without dripping. This is also why it's easier to pour from an almost empty cup than a fu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do you feel run down during a cold? | [
"Fighting a cold literally takes a lot of energy, and if it's more than what you're used to using then you feel tired and sleepy. There's a lot going on when you get sick, and the best thing you can do is keep warm so your body doesn't have to spend quite so much to keep you warm while fighting off whatever made yo... | [
"I'm no expert, but I do know it's harder for you to wake up and feel energized during the middle of REM sleep"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
What is the purpose of TSA officers asking mundane questions that passengers could easily lie about? | [
"Because a lot of questions aren't about the answers you give, the TSA agent is gauging your mood and demeanor. A cop friend of mine, when doing a traffic stop, would always ask if the person he stopped had any weapons in the car, but would ask \"Any guns, knives? Attack Helicopters? Tanks? Nuclear weapons?\" Some... | [
"They ask you to identify yourself. If you refuse, they arrest you, and if you lie, you've commuted a crime. So most people just tell them the truth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Would a person with more body fat be able to last longer without food then a fit person? | [
"Yes absolutely. The fat is an energy reserve and would enable the fat person to survive starvation for far longer, as long as there was access to water. Assuming their diets before the starvation started i.e. none of them had any severe nutritional deficiencies the difference in energy reserve (fatty tissue) would... | [
"Different people have different cardio vascular systems. He may also be more fit than you, yes you read that right, sweating a lot and quickly is a sign you are in good shape."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How is destroying Ivory not destructive to Elephants? | [
"The idea is to destroy the market, so you don't want to allow any ivory to enter it under any circumstances. A similar thing is done with the feathers of endangered birds - even if you find one on the ground that was shed naturally, you are not allowed to keep it, because it confuses and dilutes the government's a... | [
"Are you saying we should be more racist towards cats?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do Japan and the USA have such good relations considering the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Japanese American Internment? | [
"We also literally rebuilt their country after the war. Modern Japan owes itself to the US. We made them get rid of their military, but we swore that we would protect them. With a powerful China just across the water... that's a nice thing to have. We poured money into their economy and grew their businesses. Compa... | [
"a) Post WWII Nuremberg trials were very German centric. We also ignored Japan's war crime against China (Unit 731, Nanjing massacre, etc) & Korea, Russia's war crime against Germany (a lot of rapes), England's fire bombing of German cities, and many more. b) Nuclear bombs weren't a war crime at that time. No one g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why videos don't load continuously, smooth way and load in small 'jumps' | [
"Imagine you're at a buffet selling only m & ms (in this case, bandwidth) with only one guy handing the candy out to people. some people will go up to the man with an empty bucket and ask for m & ms, instead of filling everyone's bucket to the top he will put in only a big handful, topping them up as they need. th... | [
"YouTube videos can start playing immediately while the later part of the video is still loading while gifs require the entire gif to load before it's played. Also a good video encoder achieves greater compression than a gif."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do doctors estimate the remaining lifetime of a patient? | [
"Yeah, it's a combination of the stats from similar cases, the age and health of the patient, how advanced the disease is, etc. So it's not perfectly accurate, but it's a good estimate to start basing decisions off of."
] | [
"Because you have a significant amount of iron in your blood."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are there so many fragmentations in Christianity within the United States? Are they all going to heaven? How is it related to the sectarian differences in Islam? | [
"Protestant Christianity is a really broad category. There are hundreds of different Protestant churches with slightly different beliefs and customs. Most of those churches you are thinking of probably count as Protestant."
] | [
"Christianity is the overarching belief system. Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the son of God and the messiah. Catholicism is one of many Christian churches. During the reformation (and earlier for Orthodox churches) there was a divergence in the interpretation and practice of Christianity. These offshoot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can't you forget how to ride a bike, but if you can forget a learned language if you stop using it? | [
"Probably due to muscle memory. Most people will forget names and phrases but you won't really forget how to walk"
] | [
"Because your brain expects the feeling. I believe its similar to why you can't tickle yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
if the fictional cities in the Grand Theft Auto video game franchise so obviously represent real cities, why can't they call them by what they are? | [
"If you call the city by a real city name people will complain if it isn't perfect. If you make a city like a real city but call it something else you have complete artistic license."
] | [
"As he says in the video: the name 'paradise' only came up when it was declared to *not* be annexable by Las Vegas. Prior to that what name would you give to something with no name, but existing directly adjacent to a notable city? The video even references a different sort of idea earlier: The City of London and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can someone explain why we have strict liability in law? | [
"The reason for this is many crimes do not require you to intend to do something illegal, or have motive. For example the prosecution does not need to prove a drunk driver intended to drive drunk, only that he did in fact drive drunk. This idea of strict liability is usually only applied to minor violations, like p... | [
"Essentially nothing beyond \"what do we call this thing on official paper.\" There are not distinct rights or legal differences between states and commonwealths in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the purpose of finger/toe nails? | [
"From what I have read they are essentially remnants of claws. As humans started to use tools our hands evolved flatter, wider fingers and this caused our finger/toe nails to flatten and widen as well."
] | [
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't we take historic pictures of the Earth? | [
"> Anyway, would it be possible to send a small object/camera at a fast rate into space (hopefully it won't hit an asteroid or get stuck in the sun's orbit...) that could zoom far enough to see Earth's past? If you were to head out from earth at the speed of light and spend 100 years travelling at that speed, and t... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it when a person forces and mentally prepares him/herself to write something creative the mind is usually blank where as when he/she isnt actually thinking about it the mind is full of creativity? | [
"When you're focusing, you're engaging the parts of your brain that handle step-by-step tasks like math. Creative efforts take specific skills to do, like drawing is a fine motor skill, but to get the ideas for that creative effort you have to use the parts of your brain that handle things like daydreaming. The day... | [
"> Always full of thoughts This is what you call being scatterbrained. You have all sorts of thoughts and feelings about different things, you might have trouble focusing on just one of them mentally. When you talk to yourself, one of those many thoughts is put into the spotlight and allows you to give it the atten... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do freelancers/contractors pay more in taxes (USA) | [
"When you work a regular job, you'll notice that certain taxes come out of your paycheck (state, medicare, SS). What you don't see, is that your employer pays half of some of those taxes and you pay the other half. Now, when you're a freelancer or independent contractor, you are your own employer, so you pay both h... | [
"It means you're a contractor, with the responsibility on you to pay your entire Social Security and Medicare tax liability (~15%), withhold your own income tax contributions, pay for the entirety of your healthcare, etc. Basically, you get paid $X an hour but you get zero benefits and you have to pay both the empl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Since we only have one satellite that has left our solar system, how come there are pictures of our galaxy despite it being on such a large scale? | [
"We don't have any pictures of our galaxy from the outside. All such pictures that you see are artists renditions based on what we can see from inside the galaxy, combined with what other, similar galaxies look like."
] | [
"A few million light years away? That is an insane distance. Our entire galaxy is only ~100,000 light years in diameter. Even one lightyear away would be too far, not only is our planet not that bright, it is minuscule in comparison to the sun so anyone trying to look for us would just see our big, bright sun. This... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do animals seem to like stuffed animals (the teddy bear kind, not the taxidermy kind), while people find models similar to people off-putting? | [
"We also like stuffed humans, as long as they're not too human. Dolls, for instance. It's humans that are lifelike, but not quite there, that get you into the uncanny valley. There are a number of theories for why this exists, such as beginning to apply social norms once the object corresponds to our idea of human.... | [
"It's a distortion of a familiar figure to a young child. You take a basic human shape, give it long feet, baggy clothes that give it less physical form, and the face is heavily exaggerated with makeup and bizarre wigs. Some children respond to it with delight at what's essentially a caricature, usually when old en... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
how do photoshoppers fill in the background of something if there's an obstruction in front of it? | [
"Cloning repeating patterns from neighboring area. Drawing from imagination based on the material. Taking another picture where the background isn't obstructed and copy pasting"
] | [
"There is a glass pane covering over the actual reflective surface. What you are seeing is the side of the sticker that is on the glass. However, because the glass is thick, there is distance between the sticker and the reflective surface, so you can see the back through the glass. Did that answer your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Physics:"
} |
what gives you the feeling of 'being clean' after showering/taking a bath? | [
"For one thing, you get rid of some smell and possibly replace it with better fragrances. The sweat, oils and dirt are gone. These tend to stick to your clothes so that sense is removed. I think the skin \"breaths\" better too without the pores being clogged with debris."
] | [
"I disagree, I'm offended by my own body odor, et al, from time to time. Especially after a day at work if I forgot deodorant. I just smell disgusting at that point and rush to take a shower."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes your brain to be more/less active at certain times of day? | [
"In short, our biological clock, called the Circadian rythm. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Sleep is mostly important to renew the brain neurotransmitters and do some housekeeping around the brain. When you think about it, sleep is mostly about shutting down your consciousness. We are only starting to understand what really happens in the brain during sleep. Conclusion: laying in bed is rejuvenating your... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
For years they told that the economy was tied to oil then the oil price plummeted and instead of that stimulating economy, economies plummeted. Is there a relation? | [
"Yes, the economy is tied to oil. Many economies rely on the profit and labor associated with the manufacture and sale of oil. While rising oil prices would lead to slight inflation, a sudden drop causes shock and hurts related industry. In the USA, many parts of the central, south, and northeast states rely on the... | [
"Nicholas Maduro ,who is in power at the moment but maybe not for long, refuses to address the irrational spending habits of his predecessor and instead continues to print money that has no goods or services to back it. This is a cycle that continues until something changes drastically. It stemmed from social progr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does medical marijuana/recreational use and sale in states that have legalized that aspect of the trade, work? | [
"Technically, it is all illegal under Federal law, however, the president has stated that for now, they will not enforce the laws in the state."
] | [
"Marijuana is prohibited under federal law, but state law is an entirely different matter. If a state allows the prescribed use and regulated sale of marijuana, then it is not a crime in the eyes of any state official. Federal law enforcement agencies, however, are able to enforce federal anti-drug laws, but they m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Can someone explain Section 1688 of Title IX in the US Education Amendments of 1972? | [
"It basically says that Title IX is unrelated to abortion. You can't use it to penalize anyone who has had an abortion, you can't use it to force a facility to allow itself to be used for performing abortions, and equally you can't use it to force a facility to not allow itself to be used for performing abortions."... | [
"They do. The law requires schools receiving federal funds to provide educational programming on the constitution. Google H.R. 4818."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do shows on Disney/Nickelodeon get low ratings and views but stay on the air for years but shows on CBS/ABC that get better ratings and views get cancelled after 1 season? | [
"TV shows on CBS and ABC cost way more to produce than the shows in Disney, so they need much higher ratings to justify their continued existence."
] | [
"A few reasons, first Futurama is an animated show and animation costs a ton more to produce than traditional television. An animated show with solid ratings won't last if the network can slip in another show and get similar ratings for less cost. Second, it occupied a prime slot in the network lineup, on Sunday ni... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
the notion that our physical strength is held within safe limits by pain. Are we really that much stronger than we experience in our daily lives? | [
"To put it simply, yes, your body is capable of lifting much more than you realized. However, it can't do it without serious damage. The stories of mothers on adrenaline lifting cars are true; what they don't tell you, however, is the aftermath, where she has a number of torn muscles and had to lie in bed for a we... | [
"Is this research before you acquire your first human form? How can you not have ever experienced different levels of fatigue yourself? Your cover has been blown as an android. Being groggy can be thought of as brain fatigue, where it gets tired just like the rest of your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
To stop card counting, why don't Casinos shuffle after every round? | [
"That would take a lot of time away from gambling. Some casinos have machines that constantly shuffle so it is a fresh deck every hand."
] | [
"You assign point values to each card. * 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ➤ +1 * Cards 7, 8, 9 ➤ 0 * Cards 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace ➤ -1 After each card is played, add the points of the count to the running total. The lower the count is, the more likely it is that you'll receive a lower card. The higher the count is, the more likel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do current generation solar panels only operate at ~30% efficiency? What stops us from achieving 100%? | [
"100% efficiency would basically mean the solar panel is a black hole. Any light that hits it disappears and is entirely converted to electricity. The panel itself wouldn't get hot (because the heat is solar energy being converted into infrared), it wouldn't get worn or erode or degrade from the sun, it wouldn't re... | [
"It means 22% of the solar energy that hits the panel is turned into electricity. So, if if the percentage were greater, you'd get more electricity. Please note that watts aren't just a measurement of electricity, but a generic measurement of power. Let's say 1000 watts of sunlight hits the panel. If your panel is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do TV networks know how many people watched a show. | [
"For standard and cable tv, a ratings company (Neilson in the US) tracks a volunteer subgroup and tracks what they watch. The results are then used to estimate how many people in total watched the show."
] | [
"They want you to subscribe to the TV channel, not be able to watch for free online."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do Ice Sheets melting raise the ocean level globally? Woudln't the mass of the Ice Sheet be replaced by the water melted from it. | [
"You are basically correct, because the ice in your drink is already floating. Arctic ice is floating. If it melts, it will not directly affect sea levels. In fact, sea water levels will rise, but this would be from the expansion of the sea water as it heats, not from the melting of the sea ice per se. The ice in ... | [
"Obviously, if it were totally submerged. But, ice floating on the surface ISN'T totally submerged. It is partially above the surface. Water is displaced based on the mass of the ice, so when it melts the water level remains the same. But, forcibly submerged ice would take up more space and the volume would go slig... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does it feel like some dreams last a really long time while other dreams are really short? | [
"I believe you're describing non-rem dreams vs rem dreams. Non-rem dreams [are repetitive, short, and often representative of your days activities](_URL_0_) while REM dreams are longer, continuous, and often very bizarre."
] | [
"Because when you wake up you don't need to remember dreams, that'd be pretty bad to seeing how you could confuse dreams with reality. Some people (I for example) do remember dreams for a lot longer though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What stops television lead actors and actresses from demanding ridiculous salaries for the follow up seasons? | [
"Salaries in the entertainment industry are negotiated. The actor's representation asks for this much, the production says they can only afford that much, and then they settle on an amount that nobody's happy with. And don't assume a production company won't replace a lead actor. Valerie Harper made that mistake, a... | [
"There might also be something around the quality of actors being used. Recently, we have seen top quality actors shift from movies to television. More A list actors are getting into television. These actors are also still making the occasional movie. So they have large time commitments outside of the tv show. I wo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why don't I recognize that I'm having a dream no matter how ridiculous my dreams get? | [
"Well, in Inception style While you're dreaming your brain is simultaneously creating your world and perceiving it. In a dream when you're deep into it, and your mind is fully occupied by it (as you know not ALL dreams are like this) it creates what you could subconsciously imagine from your experience and thoughts... | [
"I'm only commenting because nobody else has. I am not a psychologist or any sort of professional on the topic (if such a thing even exists). I think that when dreams are representative of your thoughts it is self-evident. Some bullshit \"dream reading\" books have cryptic things like if you see a chair that means ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is plastic made from? | [
"Plastic is a relatively broad term, but it is used to describe organic polymers, meaning very very very long chains of mostly carbon, generally surrounded by hydrogen. Plastic is made through refinement of petroleum byproducts, meaning it comes from oil."
] | [
"What are you using it for? Where are you located?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can we not achieve efficient and relativity low energy flight the same as birds through the design of a similar winged style flying machine? | [
"The [square-cube law](_URL_0_) strikes again, the answer to pretty much any question about why we can't do something that tiny animals can. Specifically, if you simply scale up the body plan of a bird, it stops working, because at twice the size, its wings will create four times as much lift - but it will weigh *e... | [
"With there wing. If you apply uneven force you turn. You can compare it to how you change direction when you swim. I physic a liquid and a gas is both a fluid with huge difference in viscosity. But how you can use the to move and control direction is quite similar. Propulsion and control of a ship and a aircraft ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Aerospace Engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Aerospace Engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do the drive tires of a car wear faster than the non drive tires when they turn at the same speed when driving normally? | [
"Because when you accelerate, turn, or brake, you're putting extra wear on the tires doing that work. Having more weight on the tire also wears them out faster. That's why the rear tires of front-engine, front-wheel drive cars wear out the slowest, and why the rear tires of rear-engine, rear-wheel drive tires wear... | [
"I buy a car that has 4 wheels, two in the front and two in the rear. Now, when my car is front wheel drive, FWD, the engine is driving only the front wheels. When my car is rear wheel drive, RWD, engine is driving rear wheels only. Now when you have four wheel drive, 4WD, the force is given to both front- and rear... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do all lighters have a divider in the fluid container? | [
"Just to add structure to the lighter so when you press on it, the plastic doesn't crack and spray lighter fluid all over you. Edit: Another reason might be this:_URL_0_"
] | [
"Look in the nozzle. There'll be a small circle within the large nozzle circle. When this contacts with liquid the back pressure stops the pump."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why is 180°C such a common cooking temperature? | [
"[It's all about the chemical changes involved in baking](_URL_0_) -- but that specific temperature has to do with sugar carmelization, but not hot enough to burn, and at that temperature the time it takes for the heat to get through the item you're cooking so the outside doesn't burn while the inside is raw -- alt... | [
"It doesn't? After adding water, the caloric value per gram is much lower than before. Do you have a more specific example?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do scientists claim they have found the fossils of a "new species" when it could just be a deformed individual of an aleady discovered one? | [
"The chances of a seriously deformed individual surviving long past birth are pretty small. If it's an injury that healed wrong, the bone itself usually looks weird texture wise. It's possible for more mildly deformed individuals to grow up and then become fossilized, but the chances of that are thought to be prett... | [
"They actually have descendants living today. We are their descendants. They evolved into a few other species of which Homo sapiens is one. Species is a human concept. If you traced your line back to Homo erectus you'd never see an offspring come from a parent who belonged to a different species."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why has the Warsaw Pact dissolved, yet not NATO? | [
"NATO countries are still allies, the Soviet bloc wasn't about to stay in bed with Russia, they were more concerned about getting away from them."
] | [
"I can't answer, but Albania, Slovakia (as part of Czechoslovakia) and Romania were all members of the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I heard today that only 5 countries in the world are free of national debt. How are governments able to loan/borrow/repay debts when every country is also in debt? | [
"Debt does not mean \"You have no money\" it means you have an agreement to pay some other entity money. The US Government makes money, for instance, from taxes, and they use that money to make the agreed upon payments against their debt. Similarly, if you buy a house, you probably don't pay for it all at once, bu... | [
"> Also, how is the US able to operate with such debt and how come other countries don't ask for their money? They do, of course. The US has debt structured with many entities. These structures include payment timeframes. The US pays on those time frames. It does not simply generate debt and sit on it. Nor does it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are homosexual acts in straight women generally more socially acceptable/passable than vice versa? | [
"It's fetishized. Queer women still can't get married in a lot of states, can't go to prom together, can't pursue their relationship without stigma and judgment and (in some countries) the threat of death. The difference is that men in power find girl-on-girl sexual acts to be sexy to them, and that fetishization i... | [
"Firstly, it's illegal because the laws were written at a time when homosexual sex was illegal *for being homosexual sex*. There was no need to distinguish between incestuous heterosexual unions and incestuous homosexual unions. Secondly, sex isn't just about reproduction. There's also no small amount of power. An ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do people start using drugs like Krokodil when they're aware of the terrible side effects? | [
"The high is now, the effects are later. Nothing matters except that high right now. Desomorphine is ten time stronger than morphine and is made from a codeine base which is freely available over the counter in Russia. When heroin becomes expensive or you run out of money........and it's cheap, can be made at home... | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are most humans right handed? | [
"Society has shown a prevalence for right-handedness for more than a million years. Scientists have tried figuring out why, but it's impossible to prove their theories. A BBC study I read on it suggests that it has to do with the fact that the left side of our brain is typically responsible for linguistics, and tha... | [
"Also, why are some people not ticklish at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
When a small part of an ant pile is kicked, why/how do all the ants in the mound know to go into a frenzy? | [
"The other ants see, hear, and feel the other ants freaking out, and they likewise get excited. The only bit which might not be apparent is that they also smell each other's mood. Panic an ant and it will release pheromones which other ants smell and know that, say, the nest is under attack and it's go time. So y... | [
"Because ants can be fairly deadly to small predators when they're present in great numbers. For instance, a lizard can eat individual ants, but place one on an ant hill, and the ants will likely swarm over the lizard and kill it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What does a Movie's CGI cost mean ? | [
"It's not just a single artist for any movie that includes CGI - it's dozens of them, even hundreds for a big-budget movie with lots of CG effects. Entire companies full of digital artists are contracted out to work on these movies, because it takes an incredible amount of work to make good-looking CG. So those mi... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
. Why do most humans find spiders so creepy? | [
"The obvious explanation is that people have obtained a fear of spiders due to the fact that we consider their bite poisonous. According to [Wikipedia](_URL_0_): > An evolutionary reason for the phobias, such as arachnophobia (fear of spiders), claustrophobia, fear of snakes or mice, etc. remains unresolved. One v... | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do game designers create the logic or on what do they base the logic in sport video games to the deliver the correct commentary in the corresponding situation, e.g. football (soccer)? | [
"My partner is a game dev so from what I've learnt from him: The dev will create a sequence of scenarios and imput them as codes with a yes or no answer to branch off from. for example in a soccer game I would assume it would be something along the lines of; does ball reach goal? If yes trigger audio 1. If no trigg... | [
"The goal of AI in a computer game is to make the computer opponent look and feel realistic. The computer most certainly knows where you are in the video game, but may opt not to use that information in order to make the situation more believable/realistic. If the AI reacts to you instantaneously and knows where yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do some people (me) get afraid and have difficulty sleeping alone thinking someone's there even though we are in the safe zone of out house? Also, why do we fill those dark spots in the corner of our vision with anything scary or dangerous? | [
"Probably has something to do with our natural instincts and being aware at night. In the past if you slept alone or away from other humans, you're more likely to get picked off since humans are pack animals."
] | [
"As far as auditory hallucinations go (at least for me), it's a lot like a really, really, really loud thought (if that makes sense). I get these voices screaming when they get bad, yelling shit like \"kill yourself.\" I can tell that they're thoughts, I guess, but it always requires reminders like \"this is just t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can all planets in Solar system perfectly orbit around the Sun even though their distances from the Sun differ? | [
"> But, why doesn't Mercury just crash into the sun and why doesn't Pluto just \"escape\" the Solar systems with it being so far away? Because the planets are all moving sideways, which causes them to fall toward the sun, but always miss. That's really all an orbit is. It's actually quite difficult to get an object... | [
"Nothing is keeping anything anchored. Anchoring is how we keep ships from drifting. All the nearby stars we see are in orbit around the gravitational center of the milky way which has an enormous black hole. Our Sun orbits around this milky way galaxy about every 250 thousand years. The reason stars do not collide... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do they decide which actors get the "with" or "and" in TV credits? | [
"It's something that is worked out and agreed upon during contract negotiations. Hey Jon Hamm, how do you want your name displayed in the credits? \"With Jon Hamm\"? \"And Jon Hamm\"? \"Featuring Jon Hamm\"? \"Jon Hamm as Don Draper\"? \"Introducing Jon Hamm\"? It's all part of negotiations, and is the reason why c... | [
"It's been a platform for promotion for ages now. Just look at the AMAs for movie stars and musicians, see how many of them include some variation of \"my new movie is coming out this week\" or \"check out my new album!\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can I no longer speak my second language, but understand it perfectly. | [
"When you say speak well, you mean pronunciation or just overall inability to find the right words to express your thoughts? If you mean the latter, than the question is not really obvious. There are great disputes in Linguistics when it comes to human capacity for language. Is there special ability in our mind tha... | [
"Yes, in fact, I am unable to speak hundreds of languages fluently, and I've tried a fair bit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a change in the Earth's average temperature by only 1 or 2 degrees Celsius melt ice caps and glaciers? | [
"That's the average temperature. Localized temperatures can often be more severe."
] | [
"Absolutely false. The scientific consensus is that the sea level will rise a bit, and the planet could warm as much as 3.5 degrees or perhaps much less."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How are hydrogen fuel cell vehicles like the Toyota Mirai charged? | [
"Hydrogen is pumped into a tank, pretty much the same way conventional fuels are."
] | [
"Fueling stations was a big hindrance for hydrogen vehicles We already have a nationwide system of gasoline stations, and a nationwide electrical grid so everyone can always find gas for their car near home or charge their electric car at home. Tesla ran into the issue of range and charging stations as well, but th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Energy and transportation:"
} |
Monochromatic painting | [
"At least when speaking about art, afaik Monochromatic art is stuff with one color but many hues \\(so, say, lighter and darker reds to paint something technically using only the color red, but you can end up making some pretty real looking stuff, it's pretty cool\\). What I think you're actually talking about is ... | [
"Same difference between color and colour. Continent-based spelling differences."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Could Coca-Cola make a decarbonated Coke? | [
"I think you mean uncarbonated. It's not like they'd put the carbon dioxide in especially and then take it right back out. So yes, they could easily make it by just mixing all the other ingredients and not carbonating it. Nothing about coke, or any soda today (or modern beer that isn't bottle conditioned) is natura... | [
"Diet Coke was produced as a diet cola. Coke Zero was produced to be a lower calorie Coca-Cola. Diet Coke was never intended to mirror the taste of Coca-Cola."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can skiers travel faster downhill than human terminal velocity? | [
"Terminal velocity is based on air resistance. The quoted value of human terminal velocity is likely based on a normally clothed individual falling face first with their body square to the direction of travel. If they turned so were falling either head first or feet first, they'd probably fall quicker. Likewise the... | [
"Due to their tiny size and light weight, bugs are affected less by gravity than by air resistance. So even when they fall, they never get up much speed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is being "matched" when a suitable donor is found for an organ donation? | [
"The match is in the MHC or major histocompatibility complex. These are molecules on the surface of cells that allow the immune system to distinguish self from non-self. Mismatched MHC will cause the recipient to mount an immune response which results in rejection as the immune system tries to destroy the foreign t... | [
"Not everyone is a donor. Even if they're a donor, depending on the circumstances of their death, not every organ is in a good enough condition to transplant into a waiting patient. Also, if they're a donor and their family says no, it means no."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Healthcare:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Healthcare:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How are we able to determine which direction a sound is coming from? | [
"Two ways: First, our brains can discern the tiny difference in the amount of time it takes for sound to reach our ears due to the speed of sound, as well as volume, to determine which ear is closer and therefore direction. But this doesn't distinguish forward and back so there is another technique at work. The sha... | [
"They are trying to hear you more efficiently, based on the shape of their heads and where their ears are currently pointing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do certain people feel carsick while riding in the backseat, but are perfectly fine driving/in the front seat? | [
"It has a lot to do with looking ahead, as opposed to the side while the car is moving. IIRC, being able to see the horizon your headed towards makes the movement \"make sense\" to your body, otherwise it sort of shakes up your equilibrium. This is supposed to apply to boats as well. I wish I knew why chewing red h... | [
"It is an extension of the era when they were horse drawn carriages. The driver would be on the roof or on a seat in the front that was on the outside of the carriage and passengers would be inside it. It does provide protection for the driver, and it also provides privacy for the passengers and means that they do... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What skill is required for car racing? | [
"It's much harder than it looks. You are strapped into a cage with layers upon layers of clothing/safety equipment with no air conditioning, no power steering so you are fighting the car that wants to go in the opposite direction you want to go in, no bathroom, no stretching your legs, for hours on end. Oh, and you... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
The difference between decriminalizing and legalizing | [
"The words get used interchangably, but there *is* a subtle difference. When something is \"legalised\", it becomes an acceptable practice for all citizens. E.g.: if you legalise prostitution, then - in the eyes of the law - it's no different to buying a hamburger, and *anyone* can do it. \"Decriminalisation\", on ... | [
"One reason is that people are more likely to seek treatment for a legal addiction than an illegal one, especially if you risk getting a criminal record for being open about your illegal addiction."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is happening on my computer when a document "crashes" and/or is "recovered" ? In 2015, why aren't all my documents automatically recoverable? | [
"There are temporary files created by some programs that aren't your work *per say*, but they contain information on the state of the program, so much so that you can use that temporary information to reconstruct your lost work. Normally, these temp files would be deleted every time you save, but if the computer cr... | [
"It has nothing to do with the file. It depends on whether or not the program says it's done with the file. Your word processor says \"hey I'm using this file\" for as long as it's open; apparently, your media player says it's done as soon as the song is loaded."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Since plants make carbohydrates from sunlight using their leaves, how do weeds (like dandelions) grow again if only the root is left in the soil? | [
"Most plants store some of the excess carbohydrates in their roots for regrowth or wintering. Dandelions store enough in their root structures to repeatedly restart the foliage growth when you pull the leaves off. Some plants even grow large specialized root structures specifically for storage."
] | [
"Depends on the plant and on the part of the plant you harvest. Fruits (like tomato or strawberry) and stalks (like celery) are still living tissue capable of performing their metabolic functions for at least a while. When you pick them you have severed the source of their nutrients and it's a matter of time before... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Passports and traveling abroad | [
"Passports are known to have existed as early as 450 BCE, so it's not a new thing. They've probably been a thing as long as there have been separate nations."
] | [
"Advertising, selling info, and premium versions of the free stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
The difference between a temple and a church | [
"A church is solely Christian, whereas a temple is just any designated place of worship"
] | [
"They don't; you're thinking of a different kind of battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How seedless fruits multiply? | [
"In most instances seedless fruits are probably the result of genetic modification (selected breeding, etc...). So yeah, kind of like mules. Having said that, seeds aren't the only way that plants multiply, and are in fact kind not the most popular method of reproduction amongst plants. Lots of plants reproduce by ... | [
"Bees pollinate flowers, which become fruits with seeds. Birds eat the fruits with seeds and then poop out the seeds elsewhere so the seed can become a new plant. Also they lay eggs which could be compared to a period. Birds and bees have integral roles of reproduction for many plants. *edit: periods*"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does credit card consolidation work and what does it do to your credit? | [
"I've done it before. I had several credit cards, the basics like Visa but also many store-specific cards like Macys and Talbots, and they all had high interest rates and I was only able to make minimum payments. If I hadn't consolidated I'd have been making minimum payments for my entire life, probably. My credi... | [
"After you file, the lawyers will contact your debts and let them know so they stop calling you. They will ask about your assets, some of which may be claimed to go against the debt. For example, if you own a few vehicles, you may be forced to sell one or two. That depends though. Over the next 9 months, you make p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Who sets the "Serving Sizes" on packaging and why are they so ridiculously small? | [
"The manufacturers set the serving size. They are ridiculously small so they can put smaller numbers in the unhealthy parts of the nutritional information, because most people don't think to check the serving size."
] | [
"Labeling requirements. Anything with less than 5 calories per serving can be listed as having 0 calories. It's also possible that the serving sizes you're looking at are different, different types of cucumbers are being used, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we get rings under our eyes when we're tired? | [
"Been answered a few times. Here's one. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
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