query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
what is derealization? | [
"It is usually termed depersonalization/derealization and in essence, it is the vague feeling that everything is just a dream, or that life has no substance. Its really difficult to remember how I felt, but withdrawing off valium and ativan, back in 2016 made me feel this way. Like nothing is real..."
] | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we sometimes feel itches when there's nothing there ? | [
"As I understand it (but I am probably wrong) is that your body has not received a \"signal\" from that area for a while and is \"checking up\" on it. Sorry for crappy terms as well as probably being full of shit"
] | [
"An itch is your bodies way of letting you know there is an irritant present on your skin. When a bug crawls across your hair, it itches right? Your body wants you to get this bug off just on the off chance it will harm you. Your also feel the tingle when anything brushes against a hair, or sweat runs down you back... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why my dog HATES having his leash and harness put on him, even though it doesn't bother him once it's on and he knows it means he's going on a walk? | [
"Dogs don't like wearing a leash or harness, and some dogs are more prone to mixed emotional response than others. Once the dogs leash is on, you'll find that the thought of going for a walk is distracting him from his dislike for the leash. I think calling it a trauma based response is a bit premature to be honest... | [
"When I was growing up we had a neighbor who kept their dog tied up in the back yard *all the time*. That dog would escape and run away whenever it could. I think if a dog feels like a member of the pack (i.e. family) rather than isolated then it's more likely to not run away. Taking your dog for daily walks, playi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How public and private key encryption works. | [
"A lot of people has here explained why/how it works. But if you're still wondering how can something be \"irreversible\"... Lets say we take 2 large prime numbers. Like, the primes that are 12 digits long. Now multiply the two. That'll be a very long number! Now imagine that very long number is your public key, an... | [
"Advertising, selling info, and premium versions of the free stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why is superbowl so popular? As per my internet research skills, it is the most watched/biggest money making sporting event across the world. | [
"Another point to add is that while the FIFA World Cup is broadcast on hundreds of channels around the world, the Super Bowl gets the vast majority of its views from one channel (CBS this year). And of those channels that broadcast the World Cup, many countries have laws that they must be free-to-air. That means ch... | [
"Golfers and golf fans are rich, relatively speaking. The value of the eyeball of a golf watcher is more valuable than the eyeball of a nascar watcher or an NFL watcher. Advertising cost is about the value of the audience, not just the size of it. Even further, people _play_ golf much more than they play, for examp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do so many immigrants own convenience and liquor stores in particular? (in the USA) | [
"They have low startup costs and there is immediate demand for them. They also don't have a problem working the store themselves most of the time to keep costs down."
] | [
"It's illegal in a huge number of jurisdictions already. Where do you live?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Explosions underwater, and why it explodes, implodes then explodes again. | [
"This happens with normal explosions as well. When something explodes, it sends out a shockwave and blasts everything away. This includes air/water. So you're left with a vacuum, which the air/water will flood back into."
] | [
"The pacific ocean is a hotbed for volcanic activity. Under water volcano explodes, creates an island, plants and animals move in. Pretty neat"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can a person proportionally lift more weight using two arms than using one arm? | [
"I'm guessing it's because the two arms are connected by a very strong torso, which gets leveraged into the lift when both arms are used. A single arm probably uses less of this additional strength, but still some small amount."
] | [
"Because of how the weight is distributed. You can use more of your muscles at once with a wider distribution of weight."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do civil engineers determine if a building is structurally sound after an earthquake? | [
"They would assess the structural components for signs of failure or serviceability issues. If they were looking at steel they could check and see if members or connections had yielded or worse. This might be evident through several different methods such as bolt holes being larger than they should be or members ha... | [
"A pothole in an airport Runway would have catastrophic results for a plane that strikes it while Landing. The runways are regularly checked year-round to make sure that there are no obstructions or surface damage that could potentially impact a plane as it takes off or lands"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When I choose the "skip" option on certain files in a torrent, why do some of them sometimes still download, often even 100% of the file? | [
"The content of a torrent is split into blocks of a fixed size. That's the smallest unit your client can reliably download. Each block can contain one or more files (or parts of them). When you choose to skip a file, but the block containing this file also contains another file that you didn't choose to skip, the w... | [
"By splitting up how much of the file get set at once. Say the movie you are downloading is marked into 3 different parts and you stop the download half way through the second part then, when you resume the download, a request is sent to the server to start the download from the start of part 2."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would be the effects on a country's economy like the US if they were to have a surplus rather than be in debt? | [
"It would be likely the government could either a) spend more money on projects that could help build the economy, like giving money to research new technology, or b) lower the amount of money it collects from people, giving them more money to spend on other things....which also stimulates the economy. Also, usuall... | [
"If Japan's debt gets out of control, they can just print more Yen. This would weaken their economy initially, making their exports cheaper and encorauging the Japanese market to grow. Greece does not have this option because of the Euro, Greece is not allowed to print more Euro so must find other ways to make thei... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Protein supplements offer different things like 'Lean definition' and 'strength' versions. What makes the difference between them? | [
"What's written on the box is the only difference. It's the fitness version of \"all natural\", or \"totally healthy\". It's not regulated, and these companies feed on insecurities. Protein is protein, and peoples are limited by their training and adherence to their diet and fitness regimen more than what's in the ... | [
"Dangers of protein? Basically none. A lot of people say protein is bad for your kidneys, but that's only if you have a preexisting kidney condition and/or are consuming an obscene amount of it. Benefits, in addition to the fact that higher protein consumption helps rebuild muscle after working out, shakes in parti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is it when we push our hands into our eyes (hypnagogia), some people see different colours? | [
"I believe the colors you're talking about are known as \"phosphenes.\" Pressure on your eye causes your retinal ganglion cells to activate in a very similar way to how they activate as a response to light, so when you tightly shut, rub, or press on your eye, it stimulates your retina and causes the illusion that y... | [
"Lots of nerve endings that usually don't get stimulated by touch (aside from irritants and cleaning) and when you clean them they sense more. Similar concept to touching ears romantically."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and wellness:"
} |
What's the difference between using mouthwash and brushing your teeth? Are there any benefits to doing both / neither? | [
"What causes our teeth to decay is actually the excrement of bacteria. As we eat, food particles stick to our teeth and bacteria start eating on them. These bacteria poop acid on our teeth and that wears down the enamel. If you only use mouthwash, it would kill the bacteria, but leave most of the food particles and... | [
"If you're using \"normal\" mouthwash, there's no reason. But if you're using mouthwash containing fluorine, eating or drinking too soon may remove the fluorine before it does anything useful. P.S. you should be using mouthwash with fluorine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What did we think about as a baby before we knew words? | [
"Quick! Think about eating a bowl of cereal! Did you think in words? Did you say to yourself, \"I am eating a bowl of cereal\"? Almost certainly not. You probably had a non-verbal mental impression of the act of eating cereal. That's the kind of thought that you would have had before you acquired language."
] | [
"Because when you were a kid, you were largely unaware of the problems of the time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do Americans say "Merry" Christmas while other English-speaking countries use the phrase "Happy Christmas"? | [
"New Zealanders say Merry Christmas. Source: New Zealander, only ever heard Happy Christmas in Harry Potter."
] | [
"It likely comes from the phrases New Year's Eve and New Year's Day. In both it is correct to add the \"s\" (as a posessive). We would not say New Year Eve or New Year Day. This possessive form is erroneously carried over by some to the greeting for the new year. Theoretically it should be \"happy new year!\" but s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if sites like Pirate Bay exist to let people illegally download media, why don’t ISP’s just block them (or why haven’t they been forced to)? | [
"ISPs have blocked TPB in the UK, but it's not exactly a great business decision for an ISP to block access to certain sites because customers might consider it to be censorship and move to a different company."
] | [
"It stays online because it continues to switch locations frequently, and has a number of internet connection options. Governments haven't been checking (at least as far as they have reported) because the hosting providers haven't been allowing the government access. It's also possible that they are covertly monito... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If it's so difficult for a fusion reactor to just break even, then why are they expected to someday be able to produce massive amounts of power? | [
"The sun works on fusion, so we know it's a good source of power. Hydrogen is ridiculously easy to acquire compared to fissionable elements. The result of fusing hydrogen is helium, not the scary radioactive wastes resulting from fission."
] | [
"Absolutely. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. Any fuel you can use for fusion has to be a light element, and light elements are the most common. Assuming we can actually get the damn thing working and producing more power than it consumes, plus shrink it down enough to actually be able to eithe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do human couples hold hands? | [
"It shows you are with that person and it is comforting"
] | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How could you slice your wrist deep enough and die but survive if you lost an entire limb? | [
"When you're slitting your wrists as an act of suicide, you're not going to do anything to stop the bleeding. If you got medical attention soon enough, you could stem the bleeding and survive. If you lose a limb, it's very likely you'll die unless you get immediate medical attention. If a tourniquet is applied soon... | [
"Probably not, burning flesh is actually a great way to stop bleeding. Maybe if you left it on so long it burned through you to a major artery of some kind."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is the night sky more clear after it rains? | [
"The air is full of dust, pollen, dander, debris and dirt kicked up from the ground, haze from automobile exhaust, smoke, and factories, and the rain wipes it all clean as it falls the same way it washes your dishes. Dirt and debris cling to the drops and it delivers them to the ground clearing the air as it falls.... | [
"Clouds are just water vapor. It's just fog that's high up in the sky. So the answers to all your questions are the same as the answer to \"what would happen if you poured water outdoors while it was foggy?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If all paper money says "this note is legal tender for all debts, public and private", how is lt legal for businesses to not accept bills above a certain denomination? | [
"Before you exchange goods for money, no debt has been incurred. The merchant is not obliged to sell to you if you don't present payment in the form he desires. He could just as easily and legally refuse to sell unless paid only in chickens."
] | [
"Burning a dollar bill is legal. It's not legal to deface currency with the intent of counterfeiting it or defrauding someone with it. Smashing a penny into a commemorative souvenir isn't either of those, so it's valid. Illegal would be tearing a $20 bill in half and trying to spend each half in two different store... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we choose to sleep on beds? Is there nothing better? | [
"Sleeping in free fall is supposed to be pretty fantastic, but it's not really economical and the commute is pretty rough."
] | [
"Would you be happy sharing a space with tons of strangers if the roof was brushing against your head? It just makes it more comfortable and open."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do Americans fear socialism? Why is America so far to the right of the rest of the western world? | [
"Because of the Red Scare. During the 1950s the US was terrified of China and the USSR, the two largest communist states. The reason is that communism is the polar opposite of capitalism, and the US has a good reputation of fearing what it doesn't know. During this time the government produced propaganda and gener... | [
"Complicated question but the short answer is that US conservatives are far more conservative than their counterparts in the U.K."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does an MMO's virtual economy remain stable? | [
"The MMO EVE Online, had at one point a full-time employed economist that monitored and analyzed the state of the virtual market. The market in EVE Online is almost entirely player run, which allows for things to go bat shit crazy (if manipulated properly lol) but is also dependent on the money sinks. The bigger th... | [
"You buy and sell in-game items. Some are common and worth less, some are rare and worth more. Is there a specific question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans get diarrhea as a result of nervousness? | [
"Pre-med student here. When a person gets nervous, their body prepares itself for whatever you're nervous about. For example, if you're nervous about performing in a sports game, your body will prepare for this. So, the combination of the preparation and the nervousness activates the fight or flight response. You m... | [
"That can be a symptom of dehydration, fungal infection, strep throat, and a few other illnesses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are these kind of space images captured? | [
"Yah they are taken with the hubble space telescope or other ground based telescopes. None of the colors are real though. They colorize the spectrum so that we can see them and distinguish things. A lot of awesome space photos are taken in the microwave spectrum which we cant see at all so they just assign colors t... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about finance:"
} |
Boltzmann Brain & Entropy | [
"Let's talk about entropy first. Entropy is basically a measure how ordered something you are observing is. Take a piano for example. The instrument only really works when everything is build exactly right. It is in a very __well ordered__ state and is said to have __low entropy__. Suppose you, for some reason, de... | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What makes things "cute" | [
"This guy explains it well and his videos are awesome. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Would you rather something was beneficial or *fabulous*?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't you consume grapefruit with some medications? | [
"When you take medicine, it goes into your blood, and your liver processes it a little at a time and turns the drug into a metabolite that doesn't work. Then you pee it out. When drugs are made, they record how good on average the liver is at getting rid of the drug. There's a special enzyme in your liver called C... | [
"Perhaps it is a preservative in bottled juice. Check ingredient list."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would it be like to swim in a pool in a 0 gravity environment? | [
"Ignoring the problem of the pool holding the water, since water won't run off you like it does in gravity I predict high a probability of drowning."
] | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why Do Police Use Loud Sirens When Responding To Bank/House Robberies As It Alerts The Thieves They're Coming? | [
"Everything in police work is about maximizing the safety of the public. The use of sirens is a safety system to let other drives know \"I'm responding to an emergency, I'm in a hurry, get the fuck out of my way!\". Anytime that a call is urgent enough to require speed, it requires these safety features. The poten... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does our pain threshold increase as we get older? | [
"Our muscles get stronger as we get older. And our instincts are sharper. If you go to punch a man on the stomach, he will instinctively tense his stomach muscles and prepare for the punch. A child won't (possibly?) I dont think it increases with age, but only from a personal point of view. I used to run about and ... | [
"I think it has more to do with psychology than physiology: adventure is more important to children than comfort. Our priorities shift as we get older."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you wipe off a bottle with your shirt before you drink it, does it actually do anything? | [
"Maybe --the mechanical removal of some of the bacteria -- but you're probably just adding more bacteria that landed on your shirt. Placebo effect baby."
] | [
"If you mean after drinking from it for a bit, it's the stuff that leaves your mouth and goes into the bottle when you drink from it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Serious] What is GTA all about? The trailers just show sunny cities beaches, we are really confused. | [
"Essentially, its a world where you can do pretty much anything. The main goal of the game is to complete all of the missions and basically take over the entire city. You play a gangster that moves into a new city and works from the bottom up. You'll collect money and weapons like almost any other RPG type game, co... | [
"I think it's simply because it will give a bad name to that city. Since GTA is about killing, stealing, drugs, etc. LA Noire made by Rockstar uses real city names."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are we so quick to impeach politicians for a sexual escapade, but they remain in office for a myriad of other slip-ups? | [
"we dont impeach them for sexual escapades we impeach them for lying about it in congress big difference, well documented, go read a little bit"
] | [
"Primarily due to the fact that after he was caught doing very illegal and unwise things, he defended them saying he was beyond reproach. However, I must point out that his actions are not unique; nearly every President engages in acts just as scandalous, but they aren't caught and thus aren't made memorable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why's the "funny" accent always from the south (as observed in US, England, Japan, Philippines etc.)? | [
"Not so, the \"funny\" accents in England are from the North. In other words, anything that sounds different sounds \"funny\". Scoucer(North) accents, Scottish (UK North), and Birmingham (Central) are \"funny\". Welsh, for example, have funny accents apart from their capital... which is in the south of Wales! TL:DR... | [
"> cultural differences There are plenty of cultural differences between the East coast and the West coast."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do we feel like pinching, biting and squeezing our partner when making out? | [
"It is a way of showing intimacy - letting someone else inflict some small amount if pain on you shows you trust them and know they won't actually hurt you. BDSM Lite, essentially."
] | [
"Blame your brain. It's a tricky thing, and while we can answer why some things make us itch, such as an allergic reaction, poison ivy, ect, the random itch you get on your nose or arm while sitting on Reddit is much harder to understand and explain. (My left eyebrow started itching while typing this)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When looking at cell phone coverage maps, why is there always a drastic line that cuts vertically across the US? | [
"Population density. Notice the vertical line on [this map.](_URL_0_) It's not cost effective to provide dense coverage where the population isn't also dense. Typically you'll see coverage over major roadways or cities or pockets of population. Coverage resumes on the west coast."
] | [
"Hills and buildings in urban areas do block cell phone signals. A Lot. In cities cell companies put relays on the tops of buildings to spread coverage from the main towers and prevent dead zones. In areas with hills they will but relays or towers on said hills. But in both cases you will have bad coverage in so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How can cell phone companies raise our rates in the middle of a contract, but we can't change anything without fees, penalties etc? | [
"Yes, somewhere in your contract there is almost definitely a clause that allows this. Pretty standard, actually."
] | [
"If you don't have a contract with them, they can pretty much do as they please. Call and tell them you want to cancel your service. They will transfer you to the retention department. The retention department is likely to offer to keep you at the same rate, usually for 6-12 months. Then, you call back and do it ag... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
1 ELI5: How do you instantly get knocked out when someone hits the 'sweet spot' of your jaw? | [
"Simple physics, the jaw is furthest from the head center of mass. Hitting the jaw is like hitting the end of a lever that will cause the fastest acceleration to the brain. Boxers will tell you people with long narrow jaws get ko'd more than those with short, stout jaws for what it's worth. Someone will probably sa... | [
"You can only hit the bug as hard as the bug can hit you. Punch a feather in mid air, or a piece of paper, no damage is done. Physics 101."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology/Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Biology/Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Entomology:"
} |
Why dont people have a problem with Cuba being a problem? | [
"There isn't a sort of flicked switch between free and oppressive. As countries go, Cuba isn't *that bad.* It's also poor, yes, but arguably because of US-imposed trade embargoes. All the money it spends on medical aid is also a very good PR move - it sends hundreds of doctors to developing countries. It also has ... | [
"I don't think anyone wants to officially advertise that their country is evil."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If brain does not feel, why do people experience headache when having a stroke? | [
"The brain itself has no pain receptors so it can't feel pain. The arteries, veins, tissues that surround the brain, etc. all do feel pain. They are what hurts when someone has a headache or stroke."
] | [
"Do you want cause or effect? Cause: bump to the head or not enough oxygen to brain. A bump to the head would be a defence mechanism from the sudden jostling of the brain to protect it. I think the same thing goes from a shock, stress, fear, pain... I don’t know for sure. Not enough oxygen getting to the brain is t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is weather forcasted 2+ weeks out? | [
"It's done by running \"mathematical models\". They are basically a set of highly sophisticated algorithms which process all input data. We're talking about a lot of data; every single measurable property of the atmosphere on tens of thousands of places on Earth are input here. The more improved those mathematical ... | [
"The farmers almanac records the weather of each day every year. So lets just use the past ten years for example. So if on may 1st it rained 8/10 years they will assume its going to rain 80% of the time on may 1st. Now the almanac has been keeping records for a very long time so they can actually make pretty decent... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans have to train hard to reach peak physical performance, but animals just go about their lives and are naturally at their peak so long as there's no birth defect or disease? | [
"Who's to say that are at their peak though? Surely, if we could train an animal like we do a professional athlete, they would get even stronger and faster."
] | [
"Kids don't have more energy than adults. Adults can outrun, out walk, and out perform in any energy demanding task there is. What kids have is excitement and playfulness. It is more of a psychological drive than anything else. If an adult is truly motivated or excited about a sport or activity, you can see that ad... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
since whales and dolphins breath air, why do they die so quickly when "beached"? | [
"depending on what you mean by quick - they can live for at least a few hours outside the water (dolphins potentially a lot longer since weight is not such an issue), so that's not really what i would consider a quick death. the factors are weight (they are lighter in water, heavier out of water, so they essentiall... | [
"They get it from the food that they eat. Whales, and dolphins, can't starve to death, they die of dehydration first. They do get a little bit from sea water but their kidneys can't remove much salt so if they accidentally drink too much sea water when they eat that could kill them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Marine biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Marine biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text about biology:"
} |
Why people are saying that the Iranian Arms deal may be the "worst deal in history"? | [
"Israel is unhappy about it, because Israel is paranoid about Iran attacking them with nuclear weapons, and will only be content when Iran has no nuclear capability whatsoever. The treaty lifts sanctions on Iran in exchange for more oversight of Iranian nuclear facilities and the reduction of their capability to th... | [
"Because not lifting sanctions would scuttle diplomatic efforts negotiated in concert with China, Germany, the UK, France, and Russia. The Republican party may hate Obama and may even disagree with the deal, but it was signed and ratified. If they refused to lift sanctions it would make the US a laughingstock and o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do companies like sharper image or Kirkland work? They seem to make everything. | [
"They don't make anything -- they buy from the same manufacturers, but without product labeling, and label it as their own. They save money by not advertising, using cheaper packaging, etc., so they can sell for less than the other sellers of the same item. Sharper Image used to be more high-end electronics and tri... | [
"Shipping is just included in the price instead. They buy wholesale which is a fraction of the price they charge. They can afford to offer free shipping and still make a profit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Business:"
} |
How cold would it have to be outside to literally "freeze" the internet. | [
"All the servers are in climate controlled buildings, so unless the temperature freezes the heating/cooling equipment, there isn't a temperature to freeze the Internet. All the fiber optic cables are greatly shielded, so they shouldn't be affected."
] | [
"The ice is causing the water on your hands to start freezing. You're actually being frozen to the ice when you touch ice with wet hands."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How is it legal that money exchange is allowed while lobbying for Congress? | [
"It is bribing if you do what is give money in exchange for some action (or in exchange for not taking an action). That is called a *quid pro quo* and it is as illegal for a lobbyist as for anyone else. But, the law sees a difference between that and donating to people who are already likely to support what you wa... | [
"Politicians are receiving to much money under the table to legalize them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are some electric toothbrushes cheap and others in triple figures ? Do they actually provide a oral hygienic difference? | [
"I currently use a Philips Sonicare. It cleans better than a cheap electric tooth brush and the vibrations are less course. So the difference between a cheaper and more expensive electric toothbrush is the method it uses move the bristles and the cheaper ones tend to be cruder. my dental hygienist noticed when I sw... | [
"Yes, the vibration makes the bristles reach different and harder to reach places. Depending on plaque buildup, it can also break down tougher gunk. Its not much but it technically is a better way to brush. Source: family of dental hygienists."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How did game developers fit N64 games to cartridges with maximum capacity of 64 MB? | [
"At the time, that was a great deal of space. And really, it still is, when you're not displaying photo-realistic animation."
] | [
"Video game cartridges are like the solid state drives (SSDs) of the past. They had much faster data transfer rates but data capacity is much more expensive since the data is stored on computer chips. Disks are the opposite and are similar to hard drive disks (HDDs). They have slow transfer rates because they requi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do Astronomers/space-people measure distances in deep space? | [
"For close stars the easy way to measure them is using parallax. Basically it is just one big trig problem as the stars move in the night sky based on how far away you are from them. _URL_0_ For more distant objects you can measure using different variables such as Cephids and Supernovae where we know how bright th... | [
"> surface temperature We can measure this by analyzing the light that comes from the sun. Have you ever seen those cameras that mythbusters uses on their shows to see how hot something is that they're looking at (thermal imaging it's called). Same sort of idea. > mass We know that mass impacts gravitational attra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Astronomy:"
} |
What does North Korea have to gain by its government being so restrictive to its people? | [
"The top few people in North Korea have unimaginable wealth and power. Arguably more than most other people on the planet can get. This stems from a complete lack of accountability. They can literally do whatever they want because there is nobody to stop them. That is one of the reasons why most of the country is s... | [
"Countries or organizations can only give aid at the pleasure of the North Korean government, a government that maintains its power structure through convincing its population that the rest of the world is living in conditions far worse than them, and any attempt to educate that population is fiercely countered wit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What are the orange balls on telephone/power lines? | [
"They're high visibility markers for pilots. It usually means these lines are across paths frequented by low flying aircraft.... so across water, or around flight paths to/from airports, heliports."
] | [
"They are hollow. You walk up stairs or ride a small elevator. At the top there are handholds for climbing the last bit. Source: that's how they replace the light bulbs on the TV station tower I worked at."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
In light of Google's endorsement, is the TPP as bad as people make it seem? | [
"> Note that I'm not looking for generalizations and knee-jerk reactions, but specific and level-headed evaluations. The reason you won't find that anywhere is because the full text of the agreement is closely guarded, which is the crux of many objections to it. There were leaks recently, but it's a *massive* trad... | [
"For now, it is bad. It is bad for two reasons. The first is that some leaked portions of a draft are worrying to many. The second and arguably bigger problem is that the public will not know what is in it before it is passed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why nobody likes Piers Morgan. | [
"He is obnoxious and condescending both personally to his guests and toward their viewpoints if he disagrees with their conclusion. This is something that obviously makes people not fond of him."
] | [
"She's hated? First I've heard of it. Source?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what's going on with South Korea? | [
"President Park Geun-hye is facing protests and calls of resignation because it's been revealed that she (at the very least) shared state secrets, planning, etc with a childhood friend Choi Soon-sil. People are saying Choi basically controlled Park's decisions through her presidency, making Park a puppet. Choi had ... | [
"And to hijack this in a related way, what were the alternatives to \"America.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do fishermen on those large trawlers with nets catch the exact fish they are looking for? | [
"The fishing spots are not randomly chosen. They are chosen because there is a lot of the desired fish there. Different fish will have specialized themselves to feed on different food, swim at different depths and handle different ocean conditions. So if you go to the place that best fits the fish you are after and... | [
"From what I understand, they used to be so plentiful that they could be gathered from the shore. When they had to start actually fishing for them their value increased because of the cost of traps, boats, and time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are we any closer to curing cancer? | [
"[This comic](_URL_0_) explains it well. \"Cancer is not one disease\""
] | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why the US spends 1.4 million dollars using a tomahawk to blow up a pickup truck when it might keep a squadron of propeller attack planes (like the Super T) going for years? | [
"1. The missiles have a \"shelf life\" during which time they must either be used or be overhauled at significant cost. Sometimes it's cheaper to fire the missile than it is to have it maintained, especially if it's near it's maintenance date. And in some cases the missiles cannot be maintained economically any mor... | [
"Russia still has a robust intelligence system from the cold war. Human Intel isn't as expensive as fancy equipment. A single B2 bomber costs a billion dollars, that's enough to employ tens of thousands of agents for decades."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When feeling sad or happy, why does hugging someone that means something to us make it all feel better? | [
"I have no links to back this up but I'm fairly certain that embracing someone boosts oxytocin in your brain. That oxytocin makes you feel calm and connected to other people."
] | [
"Crying is just a way for our body to release excess hormones. When hormones that make us stressed/upset build up, we cry so that we can remove them from the body. Crying also acts as an alarm to tell other people nearby that we're sad so that they can help us feel better, that's the more obvious reason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
The algorithm the Banker to come up with an offer on the popular show "Deal or No Deal" | [
"The value offered by the banker is usually just below the expected value of your case. Expected value is fairly easy to compute. Let's say 3 cases are in play :$1 million, $10,000, and $1. The expected value is $336,667. The Banker would likely offer $320,000 in this case. The trick to playing though is not to com... | [
"Daily doubles are often hidden in the larger amounts, they are not useful when you only have $500 to bet on. Also some categories want answers that aren't quite straight forward (like \"before and after\"), so contestants want to get the hang of it before forfeiting larger amount questions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens if neither presidential candidate can continue to run? | [
"The parties would probably each hold another convention. In fact, that's probably what would happen if only one of the two nominees could no longer run, provided there was sufficient time. Political parties are private entities, so there isn't a specific clause in the Constitution or anything to tell us exactly wh... | [
"Thanks to the 25 Amendment the President is allowed to resign at any time they feel they are not capable of fulfilling the duties of the Presidency. Yes it automatically goes to the VP. The party then chooses a new VP and has that approved by the Senate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can there be HD version of movies from when HD wasn't even a "thing"? | [
"Film is just a bunch of photographs, they have higher picture quality than pretty much any digital picture does. A pixel in a digital photo needs a whole little man made sensor and wiring, a photograph is just a little bit of chemical. We are getting to the point the visual difference between digital and analog is... | [
"It's the next-gen HD resolution. You had it right. Its not particularly important yet though as there is almost no 4K content being made, and very few things are capable of displaying 4K currently. In 5-10 years it'll probably be much more relevant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does it feel so uncomfortable when sound only comes out of one headphone channel | [
"It’s a disparity between two senses. take for example spinning with your eyes closed, you feel that the you’re spinning but you can’t see so the effect is worsened. For headphones it is much the same if you wear both cups you expect to hear from both cups and when you don’t the experience is jarring, this is furth... | [
"The shell is shaped so that it is like an amp, so when you put it to your ear it magnifies the sound of blood rushing through your ear and areas near it, creating a whooshing sound similar to waves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why new student loan interest rates in U.S. doubled July 1st? In other words, who determined they would rise from 3.4% to 6.8%? | [
"There was a law that artificially held the interest rate low at 3.4% (it would \"normally\" be 6.8%) until July 1st. It was meant to help during the poor economy of the last few years. The law was always set to expire July 1st, at which point the government can either let it expire, or agree to extend it. They hav... | [
"When Carter took office in 1977, the inflation rate was 5.22%. Four years later it was 11.83% and during his presidency it actually hit as high as 14.78%! Our current inflation rate is 1.07%. _URL_0_... The cost of living adjustments (COLA) when Carter took office was 5.9%. Three years later it was 14.3%. Our COL... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
A priori and A posteriori knowledge. | [
"Mathematics is often given as an example of A priori knowledge. A priori is knowledge that is internally consistent, without the need for any outside measurements. In maths we know 1+1=2, because we explicitly define 2 to be twice that of one. Other a priori knowledge are facts of definition, such as \"redditors b... | [
"Its just the results of observation plus math. More recently also computation and virtual modeling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do negative experiences and emotions seem to hang around in the mind longer than positive ones? | [
"You can be happy a hundred times and survive, it just takes one real harm to die. We remember the negatives to protect ourselves from the risks."
] | [
"Memories are more vivid if they are attached to an emotion. The stronger the emotion, the stronger the memory. It is this that causes crime victims to remember the moment -- and be haunted by it -- so vividly. They had a really strong emotional reaction to the situation and the memory of it was stored away indelib... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What are the odds of getting an STD after having sex with someone with an STD? | [
"Don't ask reddit, just go to the clinic and get checked out mate."
] | [
"The S in STD is just the most common way of transferring these diseases. Some (like herpes) are actually transferred just by touch. Others are also bloodborne, etc. Two virgins wouldn't pass a disease only because they don't have the disease. That being said, if you recently got an STD from a virgin, I would still... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
is the singularity different in a small vs supermassive black hole | [
"Not really, just more massive. In fact, one of the classical theories of black holes is that they have only three properties: mass, spin, and electric charge. OTOH, with some of the new black hole theories such as \"fuzzballs\" (related to string theory), who knows."
] | [
"When you look at a picture of a galaxy, every spec of dust is a star. In the middle there are a lot of stars and a lot of planets. There is also a lot of radiation and a lot of black holes. We are at the outskirts of a milky way, a country. Centre is dense like a city. We also have a huge black hole in the middle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about astronomy:"
} |
What is the exact potential of the One Ring in Lord of the Rings | [
"Tolkien wasn't that kind of storyteller. He didn't care about enumerating powers or any of that. The one ring is described in the book as an *instrument of will.* In effect, it was Sauron's will distilled into an artifact. There's one part, I think in Return of the King, where Sam is tempted by the ring and sees h... | [
"Pretty much all of it comes from the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, mainly Lord of the Rings."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What biological role do psychedelic molecules e.g Salvianorium A, Psilocybin, LSA etc ect actually play. | [
"Terrence McKenna a long time proponent of psilocybin, believed psilocybin gave man an evolutionary advantage on the plains of Africa: _URL_0_ _URL_1_ under psilocybin, activity in the more primitive brain network linked to emotional thinking became more pronounced, with several different areas in this network - su... | [
"It really depends on what drug it is. For example, Ecstacy (MDMA) causes your brain to release all of its serotonin, which makes you feel really happy and euphoric. All psychedelics and psychotropics cause your brain to release a large amount of neurotransmitter or imitate a neurotransmitter (dopamine, serotonin, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why do words start to sound distorted/foreign when repeated multiple times? | [
"/u/kimba55 has it wrong. It's not called jamais vu; what you're looking for is the phenomenon called [semantic satiation](_URL_0_). *Edit: it appears semantic satiation is a subset of jamais vu specific to words and phrases. Essentially, when you hear a word, neurons in your brain fire off to connect \"word\" to \... | [
"Because they sound odd, we're not used to them. If you would listen to reversed sounds/music all day long you would get used to it and it would sound normal to you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What's so wrong with counting cards in a poker game? | [
"Technically nothing. It's frowned upon, like masturbating on a plane."
] | [
"They want to increase their odds of winning and probably think they've figured out how many numbers to cover to make it come out in their favor. Theyre wrong . The only way to make money at a casino is to own it. Or play poker against other people"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does my pee turn clear when I'm drunk? | [
"Because alcohol is a diuretic and it causes you to expel more liquid than you normally would. Since you're drinking a lot of beer (mostly water) your urine is really dilute and is expelled before more of the water absorbs into your system."
] | [
"dehydration after sleeping too long. stretch your limbs when you get up and drink some water and eat something you'll be back in shape faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
How Photoshopping something out of a picture works. | [
"Pretty much, yeah. What exactly was back there was not encoded in the original image, so you have to either paste it in from another photo, or try to rebuild it from the surrounding area. Photoshop has a lot of tools for automating this, like content aware fill, but usually you have to do some manual cleanup after... | [
"Nobody actually knows why it works - it just does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What makes coming to America legally difficult? | [
"If it weren't legally difficult, a great many foreigners thinking they'd have a better life in America would do so. In some Americans' eyes this isn't desirable because it would place great stress on social systems, possibly increasing crime, taking jobs away from those that were born and live in America, and hav... | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do scientists say alien planets need water sources to host life forms? Why can't alien life forms survive on whatever foreign elements exist on their planets? | [
"Not all scientists believe this to be correct. Stephen Hawking even did a conference on it. On earth we are all carbon based. We require water to sustain ourselves. This is the only form of life that we know of currently so water is what we generally assume would be needed in order for life to reside elsewhere. Ni... | [
"We don't. But if a planet's conditions resemble those of earth, then we can speculate that life *as we know it* may be present in such a situation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about science:"
} |
Why are revealed female breasts/nipples considered erotic? | [
"They're [secondary sexual characteristics](_URL_0_). Essentially characteristics that appear during puberty to say that the person is able to reproduce. It's important for mate selection, as mating with one unable to reproduce is evolutionarily a bad idea. It's interesting to me because it shows just how importan... | [
"Sex is taboo. Penises and vaginas are actual sex organs. Just like butts, which aren't censored either, nipples/boobs are only sexual objects according to circumstance and culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does it feel like im biking faster at night? | [
"Because you can't see as far. We judge speed mostly by sight. During the day your reference points are pretty far away most of the time. At night your vision is limited, and your reference points are much closer, and go by much more quickly."
] | [
"Piggyback question. Why is it if i pop one on my back it hurts and burns like Zeus stabbing me with lightning?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What happens to the plastic surrounding the tablet that we swallow? | [
"They are specially designed based on the drug to dissolve while in your body. For instance, if the drug needs to get to your intestines for it to work, the casing may be thick enough to fully dissolve only after it has traveled until your intestines."
] | [
"Could be a drop of glue from the machines that glue the boxes that hold them. Could be the food grade waxy stuff they coat the aluminum with. Either way, nothing to worry about."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are there so many examples of polygamy in the Bible, yet it's generally frowned upon in modern Christianity? | [
"If you pay attention to Genesis in particular you find that the polygamy practiced by the patriarchs was never encouraged or condoned by God. From the polygamy of Abraham and Isaac we have the roots of the Arab-Israeli conflict today. Misery, strife, bloodshed, and corruption of the message intended by God to be m... | [
"Christians don't actually focus on any part of Leviticus. In Christian tradition Leviticus details the original covenant with God that was replaced by Jesus in the New Testament. Christians might mention elements of the Old Testament in a historical sense or to amplify where certain rules came from, but it's not r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What's the motivation for Ireland to provide a tax haven for Apple? | [
"Apple uses a [Double Irish Tax Structure](_URL_0_) The main motivation for Ireland to do this is that it incentivizes companies to invest in Irish workers, which they do. It is popular with large corporations that want to lower their tax bill. Earlier this year Pfizer attempted an \"inversion\" in which the smal... | [
"Making a standard and getting people on it costs money. And there's no profit for doing it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why eating late or eating a big dinner leaves me hungrier than usual in the morning | [
"Digesting food takes roughly 4-6 hrs. Digesting food is very energy intensive, from releasing acids in the stomach, and digestive enzymes in the gut. When you take up nutrients, your insulin levels spike up from baseline and gradually decrease by the time you wake up you're feeling hungry because the insulin level... | [
"Because your metabolism slows during the night. Because you aren't eating while you sleep, you are fasting. Hence why breakfast is called Break Fast. When your metabolism slows, it burns calories more slowly. Because of this, it doesn't burn as much if you skip breakfast than if you were to have a healthy breakfas... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If water is more dense than air, then why does sound travel faster in water? | [
"Think of it this way, You have a bunch of people standing next to each other. In one group you have people tight together holding hands. The other group you have people standing a few feet away from each other and not able to hold hands. In the first group they have to send a hand squeeze down the line... as in wh... | [
"Density. You know how things float on water, same principle here. Density is a statistic which is defined as mass per unit of volume or mass/volume. If one fluid is less dense than another, the less dense one will float on top, and the denser one will sink to the bottom. While clouds to have a lot of mass, they al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Meteorology:"
} |
Where did the ?? Profit come from? | [
"South Park, an American animated tv show, ran an episode featuring the \"underpants gnomes\", a race of gnomes who obsessively collect underpants. They work in unison to complete their plan: 1. Collect underpants 2. ??? 3. Profit! Unfortunately, none of them knows what the second step is; they just assume that the... | [
"How do you think they stay rich? ;)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is there any chance of finding substances on other planets that are completely new colours that we haven't experienced before, and would our eyes be able to recognise it? | [
"There aren't going to be frequencies of light that are completely outside of our well understood physics, no. There are all sorts of colours we can't see, but that's not the same thing. Ultraviolet, radio waves, infrared, microwaves, etc: all 'colours' of light that we can't currently see."
] | [
"Our eyes can only see a certain range of light. This means we can only see colors that have wavelengths within the range we are physically capable of seeing. Other colors do exist we just can't see them because our eyes can't detect those wavelengths. Because we've only ever seen these colors, we can only imagine ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Astrophysics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Astrophysics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why are moths and other insects attracted to light at night? | [
"That is how they navigate. When out in the wild, the only souce of light are the moon and stars. So, they can figure out their direction and orientation by being sensitive to and attracted to light. But when they get around other lights they get really confused, as their simple minds tell them \"wait the moon shou... | [
"Here are a few ways to tell the two apart: 1. When butterflies land on something, their wings will be up vertically; moth wings will be flat horizontally 2. Butterflies are usually active during the day, while moths are more active at night There are some exceptions to this rule, but for the most part it works"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why when I have a bruise or cut causing discomfort do I feel the need to constantly mess with it causing more discomfort? | [
"It's a stress reaction. Medicine is a relatively recent development (tens of thousands of years old) versus millions of years of being alive and being injured. Animals (of which we are one) tend to 'fuss over' injuries, cuts and wounds. It lets us keep constant watch on them (are there parasites? Is it healing or ... | [
"I am by no means an expert, nor do I have sources - this is just conjecture so take it with a grain of salt and I welcome anyone to correct me. From what I understand, the reaction to a mosquito bite is more or less an allergic reaction. By scratching it, you are irritating it further, causing greater... Well, inf... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that bullet proof vests can stop bullets traveling at thousands of feet per second, but can easily be penetrated by a sharp knife? | [
"Vests use fibers, very strong fibers made from Kevlar or Spectra. These fibers will stop most blunt objects but knives are sharp, they can both cut and/or separate the fibers and allow penetration. Very sharp bullets can do the same thing. Soft-armor piercing handgun rounds are pointy and basically do the same thi... | [
"The most deadly aspect of a grenade is the shrapnel, the metal case of the grenade that is sent flying away at high speed, essentially thousands of little sharp metallic bullets. Jumping on the grenade is going to cause most if not all of that shrapnel to get sent into you, if any does manage to make it through yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we excrete water? | [
"Actually, the amount of urine we need to flush away waste, coupled with our ability to sweat, are two strong indicators that humans evolved in an area with plenty of water available. Our kidneys never needed to evolve to conserve water, so they don't. Compare that with cats, for example. Cat urine is extremely con... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If England is a Constitutional Monarchy with the Queen and the rest of the Royal Family being more or less celebrites with little political clout, how do they stay so relevant and so wealthy? Are they funded by the people of England? | [
"The Queen is also a property owner, with a lot of real estate. She isn't just a politician, but also very wealthy. All of these lands are leased to the British Government at a discount rate. But she is still the owner, and if the monarchy was dissolved that would devolve back to her."
] | [
"In most countries with royalty, they have a solely ceremonial role. o the people in those countries aren't particularly worried about a king/queen having too much power. But having a king/queen can be a part of the cultural identity / heritage of a country, which can make people want to keep that identity. Additi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why "pink" was listed as a possible eye color on my DMV form | [
"Well technically they don't have pink eyes, that would imply that the pigment on their iris is pink or red. Albinism is a pigment defect, so their iris is actually nearly clear, but it looks pink or red since you're seeing ~~their retina~~ the light refracting off of the blood vessels on their retina. Edit: clari... | [
"what are you talking about? how is it possible that deleting your browsing history is suddenly a crime?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do animals scatter away from humans but allow other creatures to hang around or pass through? | [
"They aren't reacting to you as a human. They are reacting to you as a threat. Animals, especially herd animals have what are called fixed reaction patterns and react to movement that is too slow, as stalking, or too fast, as charging. As animals not native to most habitats, human activities will be perceived as to... | [
"Those animal populations that are actively hunted do. You can tell this easily by observing deer. Deer who live in an area long enough learn when hunting season is and are much more skittish during that season. Deer also seem know when they are on land that is safe. I have often seen deer run like maniac to get aw... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did FDR serve as the president between 1933 until 1945 if you can only run for 2 4 year terms as president in the US? | [
"2 terms was a tradition set by George Washington but not the law prior to FDR. It was only after his death did it become the 22nd amendment."
] | [
"The exact text of the 22nd Amendment: > No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the Pre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
In nature documentaries, how do they get the sound of the animals being chased from so far away, while not getting any sound from the helicopter they're filming from? | [
"It's often edited in using sound effects. When it's done well, you can't notice. When it's done badly it's cringe-worthy and annoying."
] | [
"Hours and hours and hours. For instance, their scenes of the snow leopard, a few minutes in show time, took 3 years of effort. The birds of paradise took 300 hours of film time, spending 8 or 9 hours a day watching and waiting for the bird to be present and possibly start a mating dance or other interesting activi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why wasn't Obamacare passed as a single-payer system? | [
"It had to do with Congress. In order to get this passed through congress, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid took Single Payer and Public Option off the table in early negotiations. This was more to appease the conservative Democrats who felt they would not be re-elected if they passed \"socialism\" like this (mos... | [
"Just a couple of examples over the past couple of years: In the early 1990's, President Clinton wanted to reform the health care system into a single-payer system. The Republicans proposed an individual mandate to require people to buy health insurance as an alternative. The individual mandate is one of the key fe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why has there been a prevalence in pedophiles being part of the Catholic Church? | [
"Pedophilia is no more prevalent in the Catholic Church than in wider society. However, the Catholic Church combined two dangerous attributes: 1. Offered programs with minimal supervision that afforded direct involvement with children. 2. Had an institutional bent towards secrecy and hiding mistakes. Bear in mind t... | [
"A related question were there public figures at the time who were apologists that tried to justify for the actions of the Japanese military at Pearl Harbor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do remakes of games take longer to release compared to a new game entirely? | [
"In the case of FF7 and RE2 you have a misconception. Yes FF7 the story is being remade but the remake is an entirely new game. They are not updating graphics or anything. They are making a brand new game from scratch that uses the story of the original. Resident Evil 2 is also a brand new game but takes the story... | [
"Just because games are coded using PC's that doesn't mean that it's easier to make a game for PC than it is to make it for the PS4 for example. To make a game compatible with a new platform, you have to pretty much write it from scratch to port it. The reason game developers prefer consoles over PC is that games g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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