query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why can't video games have graphics as good as their CGI trailers? | [
"the tech isnt there yet. CGI is exponentially more processing intensive than real time graphics. If your tried to make a game with cgi quality graphics right now you be extremely lucky to get 1fps in that game and its more likely to be a lot less. It would be nowhere near fast enough to be something that is consid... | [
"Because they weren't written for it. Though they appear similar, computers can be as different as consoles as time moves on. What you're asking is akin to \"Why can't I play Playstation 1 games on my PS4?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are goats able to eat things such as tin cans with seemingly no repercussions? | [
"A lot of farm animals especially goats have powerful stomach acids. Pigs do as well and can digest almost anything but are smart enough not to eat anything that can go in their mouth. A goat is not too bright."
] | [
"I grew up in the middle east and we were heavily ingrained with the culture of the region. So Camels actually have super thick lining the inside of their mouth which is more than substantial enough to eat and chew on Cacti, they basically chew until the spikes barely matter and their digestive systems are insane,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why are some terms more politically correct than others? | [
"when terms become mainstream, some people use them mockingly, or with a negative context. over time people defined by those terms feel verbally violated or harassed more often than not when they hear it. they no longer feel that term defines them, they suggest another term, and the cycle continues."
] | [
"Cultural and personal values. It's not actually important from the perspective of the universe. The universe couldn't care less about human freedom haha."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does a little pepper in tomato juice have more spiciness than a larger amount of pepper in something like macaroni and cheese? | [
"Milk neutralizes the spice. There's milk in the mac and cheese or the creamy sauces. This is why you drink milk to \"cool off\" when you eat peppers that are too spicy. Water doesn't work well because the spice in a pepper is in an oil, and water doesn't do well against oil."
] | [
"It's common to add more salt and sugar (often in the form of corn syrup) to make up for the the lost fat. Try it out sometime with a \"bland\" food such as plain oatmeal. Make a bowl like you normally would, adding cream or butter to finish it off. Tasty! Now, do the same thing without adding any fat. Blech, libra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How did humans found out, that they can create paper out of wood? | [
"people in China figured it out in about 105 AD. people in Europe didn't figure it out. they used parchment, which is treated animal skin. it wasn't until paper reached Europe about 1000 years later that Europeans started making paper ."
] | [
"The biological process required to sustain it. We would basically making a cow, without starting from a cow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does computer hacking work | [
"HotRodLincoln has the basics right but left out the easiest way to hack a computer/account. Just call or email your victim and ask them for the password. It's surprisingly effective if you can make it look like you're trustworthy and it was used in a number of high-profile cases the last few years. See the wikiped... | [
"Created by people. It depends on the virus: For some it is a matter of enjoying harming other people's stuff. Some they are trying to hack into and steal information about you, like credit cards, etc. Others are trying to test their system, or their programming skills."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How do artificial flavorings work? | [
"Chemistry. The flavor that makes a banana taste like a banana is a naturally occurring chemical, sometimes called an ester, in a banana. If you create this chemical in a laboratory without any actual bananas involved, the flavor is called artificial even though it is the exact same, or nearly same, chemical. If yo... | [
"There is currently a severe lack of evidence to support the claims that aspartame or other common artificial sweeteners are bad for you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come you can independently stick out each of your fingers to create a 180° angle with your hand, but can't lift your ring finger past 90°? | [
"It's to do with the ligaments and how your hand is 'put together', your fingers operate separately except your ring and middle finger which are connected. It's also due to the fact your ring finger is generally the least used and becomes weaker, some people, for example musicians, who use all their fingers equally... | [
"Its a bit of a tautology, but complex things are difficult to draw. Its not psychological, its mechanical. The hand has basically as many moving pieces as there are in the rest of the body on a macroscopic level. Ankle, knee, hip, spine (generally split into 4; groin, midsection, ribs, neck), shoulder, elbow, wris... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If depression is often linked to a lack of serotonin and anxiety to too much serotonin, how come the two occur together so commonly?( | [
"The link between serotonin and depression isn't as clear cut as many believe. While drugs that increase serotonin levels in the brain appears to help, so does drugs that *decrease* serotonin levels. The brain is extremely complex, believing that you can fix it by pumping in more of some substance seems as misguid... | [
"No one really knows what causes depression. There's debate about whether depression is a single disease or several diseases with similar symptoms. Most antidepressants work on the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine. There is also evidence that drugs targeting the NMDA receptor can also be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What the hell is a vector | [
"It's a direction *and* a speed. West is a direction. 60 miles per hour is a speed. West at 60 miles per hour is a vector."
] | [
"What the hell is a stainless steel soap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what determines how powerful and what specs a computer needs to be to run games/programs? | [
"Former game dev here, The studio chooses a target hardware spec and builds the game to run on that as the reference minimum. If the game is too slow and they need to optimize, they optimize until it runs adequately on that machine. Everything that is determined to be \"not good enough\" is targeted to be improved ... | [
"For most programs its really not that big of a deal, a 32-bit program only had access to 2gb of ram which is more than enough for most programs but more ram(avalible in a 64-bit application) could be helpful on more intense programs like video editing and heavy gaming. howtogeek has a good article on the topic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are cruise missiles used if ballistic missiles can reach targets faster? | [
"Why do pistols exist if you can hit a target with a 50 caliber sniper rifle at 1000 yards? It's cheaper, smaller, lighter, easier to deploy, and easier to get up close."
] | [
"ICBM's are fast, they carry multiple warheads, and they are hard to track. There are so many missiles that the number of missiles required to destroy all of the missiles launched would be very high. Take into consideration that each ICBM carries multiple warheads, it further multiplies the number of anti missile m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why would President Obama want to veto the bill that would give u.s. citizens the ability to sue the Saudi government for damages relating to the 9/11 attacks? | [
"Because it would open up pandora's box for other countries suing the U.S. For all the unethical shit the U.S. Has done to them."
] | [
"The invasion of iraq was never about 9/11. Even at the time. The invasion of afghanistan was supported as a measure to limit future attacks like the one that happened on 9/11 though. One reason we didn't invade Saudi Arabia though was because they've always been relatively friendly to us (at least compared to near... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did we end up finding Osama Bin Laden and why did it take ten years to do it? | [
"It's actually the exact opposite. These people build there lives ready to go into hiding at a moments notice, so it's hard at first to find them. But the longer they hide, the harder it gets. Eventually someone makes a call, gets sick, forgets to shut off a phone or close a curtain. They get tired and sloppy, tru... | [
"For a while there they were threatening to wipe Israel off the map every twenty minutes or so. That might have something to do with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If a human baby was born into this world with no language taught to them as they grew up, How would they talk to themselves in their own minds without knowing any language? | [
"There's a great(and quite sad) example of this. There was a child that had been neglected and abused for 13 years, all without learning to speak. When people rescued her, they taught her basic language, and realized that she could recall situations about her abuse before she had learned to speak.This proved that h... | [
"Consider this: what language did you speak when you were born? Unless you were a very special baby, you eventually learned to understand and speak a language that was totally foreign to you, without the aid of translations or grammar laws. Humans don't need translations to learn a language. It makes things faster,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do vacuum hoses (mostly canister style) have a small, coverable, vent at the top? | [
"Actually, it can be used to reduce the amount of suction when you are vacuuming a smaller rug (area rug) to keep the rug from getting pulled around - or at least that's what my mother taught me when I was a wee lad first learning housekeeping."
] | [
"There is a small hole at the bottom of the nozzle that triggers a pressure activated switch when closed (or immersed in liquid). This is supposed to activate only when the tank is full and the fuel is at the same level as the nozzle, but in this case it may a design flaw in the pipe leading to the tank not drainin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do animals have religions? Is there any evidence of any type of animal religions? | [
"No. No animal is capable of that kind of detailed thought to establish a religion. None of even close."
] | [
"Having to do with human existence - the nature of what makes people (are we physical beings, spiritual beings, both, or neither?) and what makes living things alive. It can pertain to questions about free will vs. fate and if there is a higher purpose of life."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What does Google earth and other mapping companies do about disputed lands and borders such as in Crimea? | [
"Google maps has disputed borders as dashed lines. You can see these in a fair few places. There's a whole bunch of them around Pakistan, India, Tajikistan and China. And many borders in Africa have parts of them in dispute as well. One interesting border dispute is between Egypt and Sudan. See [this](_URL_0_). The... | [
"At some point in history they've decided where the borders are. In many cases it follow a natural landmark like a river, but in others it's just a decision on \"this is mine, that is yours\" or the result of a stalemate in a war. Granted, it doesn't always work perfectly, there's several places where countries dis... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Phone speakers are so incredibly tiny, but have an incredibly loud sound, and is usually pretty clear too. How? | [
"One reason is that the phone cuts off most of the low frequencies, below a certain limit. With every lowering of an octave (1/2 the Hz), a speaker diaphragm has to move 4x the distance for equal volume. So by cutting off the bass they can get more perceived volume out of a smaller unit."
] | [
"Because headphones don't need anywhere near the amount of power that portable speakers do, and can be directly powered by the device. put a pair of headphones on a desk and stand back a couple of feet, and you get the idea of how much more volume is coming out of portable speakers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why a word will sound strange or "not real" after you say it repeatedly? | [
"This is called *semantic satiation*. According to [Wikipedia](_URL_0_): > The explanation for the phenomenon was that verbal repetition repeatedly aroused a specific neural pattern in the cortex which corresponds to the meaning of the word. Rapid repetition causes both the peripheral sensorimotor activity and th... | [
"The reason is, because you have never heard any songs, and its all foreign to you, you need to focus on learning more, then, if you know a few words, say them out loud, don't just go writing it down, because according to The Pimsleur Approach (not advertising or anything), you need to speak the language, then read... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Language and cognition:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Language and cognition:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does the volume on my stereo go from -80dB up to 0dB at full volume? | [
"There's often confusion between attenuation of signal and actual sound-pressure level. When you say it should be around 100dB at full volume, you're thinking of SPL. When the scale says -80 to 0dB for full volume, it's describing the attenuation of the signal (probably the voltage). Full signal means 0dB, so -80dB... | [
"You have to add decibels properly, they do not add linearly as they are a log scale. If you are listening to music through one speaker at 85 dB and add a second speaker also at 85 dB then your total volume becomes 88 dB, not 170 dB because 2x power results in +3dB If you have a speaker playing at 85 dB and you pla... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
The Whole Flouride Debacle. | [
"US water is fluoridated to ~1 mg/L. The linked study found evidence of harm at 11 mg/L... Drinking one glass of red wine a day has health benefits. A study showing that drinking ELEVEN glasses a day causes harm doesn't change that."
] | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does the audience in big soccer matches end up neatly divided by teams, when the tickets are sold even before the competing teams are known? | [
"The expensive seats (mid-field) are usually sold ahead of time via FIFA/UEFA or whoever is sponsoring the match. Each team gets X thousand allocated in a contiguous block of seating and held in reserve until the actual matchup is known. These are usually then allocated and sold via the club's ticketing system. Car... | [
"The outcome might be predetermined but it is not publicly announced before it happens. The people that are betting for and against a certain wrestler are not people that know what the outcome will be, only a few people (the production crew and the wrestlers in this case) will actually know what the outcome will be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does our vision sometimes get really cloudy/blurry after we wake up? | [
"It's the muscle that controls the focusing of your lens. It needs to be \"warmed up\" just like any of your muscles would. After sitting for a long period the nerves and muscles need to have their actual molecular makeup moved around a bit until they are functioning optimally again. It has a bit to do with \"short... | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do bagels have a hole in the middle? I feel like a bagel without a hole would be delicious | [
"Because it wouldn't be a bagel without the hole. Also, > The basic roll-with-a-hole design is hundreds of years old and has other practical advantages besides *providing for a more even cooking and baking of the dough*: the hole could be used to thread string or dowels through groups of bagels, allowing for easie... | [
"It's the same reason that your doughnut doesn't droop after you've taken the first bite out of it: there is more noodle on the outside edge of each of the wiggles. As for how they make them like that, I don't know."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why doesn't Saturn's rings clump up and turn into a moon? | [
"First, because they have/do. Second, Because the gravity of Saturn's actual moons stops them from doing so. Some gaps in Saturn's rings are formed because a moon or moonlet has formed and cleared a place in the ring. Other gaps form because orbital resonance causes them form. But the fact that rings exist at all i... | [
"There's a Cosmos episode that should cover this. They basically take a prism and split the light coming from a celestial body into a spectrum. There will be darker lines in that spectrum. Each group of lines corresponds to an element, depending on which frequencies of light are most easily absorbed by that element... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:"
} |
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance | [
"1) The Law of Segregation states what you already seem to know: you get one allele per trait from each parent (the \"segregation\" bit comes from the fact that your parents' chromosomes physically separate from one another when gametes are formed), and you may inherit these in any combination of dominant/recessive... | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why aren't washer/dryers (one machine, two uses) more mainstream? | [
"1. In most places, space (at least the kind necessary to have separate machines) is cheap so there isn't an economic driving force 2. 2 in 1 machines are more complicated which drives up cost and lowers effectiveness and potentially shortens lifespan 3. Less efficient from a throughput stand point: with separate m... | [
"I had a combined Bendix washer dryer. It worked fine but it takes a long time to do your laundry that way, especially because of the long cycle time of European front- loading washers. The reason is that (unlike separate machines) you can't dry the first load while washing the second. Simple assumption: 45 min w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is cultural/social liberalism described as being "progressive"? | [
"The values of liberalism in the sense of Western enlightenment philosophy tend to by their nature be more receptive or urge towards change (reform, progressivenes) by emphasizing core principles such as free exchange of ideas, equality, development of the unique individual and so on. Embracing liberalism will (in... | [
"'Liberalism' is basically broken down into two broad schools of thought. \"Social liberalism\" is basically what most people think of as \"left-wing\", whereas \"classical liberalism\" is something closer to libertarianism. This explains the difference. Some conservatives embrace aspects of classical liberalism, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When I'm watching satellite TV, is the satellite transmitting all the channels at once for my receiver to pick one or is my receiver requesting a channel to the satellite? | [
"They broadcast from a few satellites on horizontal and vertical polarity. Your dish selects which satellite and polarity, but it still **receives many channels at once**. The signal going from the dish to the receiver has many radio carriers, and the receiver has to tune to the desired one. Further, within each c... | [
"If the TVs have different sources, it's possible. Networks send their feeds to the cable/satellite company/local network, who then send the signal out to the receiver/antenna. If one is connected via antenna and one is connected via cable, it's entirely possible for one to be a few seconds behind another."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I recently read that Panama is the only place in the world where you can look east and see the Pacific Ocean and look west and see the Atlantic. How is this possible and where specifically in Panama can this be done? | [
"It's possible in the central part of the country running from Panama City to Sante Fe National Park. ([Map](_URL_0_)\\)"
] | [
"Sometimes the sun is in the sky alone, sometimes the moon is in the sky alone, sometimes they are both in the sky. If the sun is in the sky, we call it day so sometimes we will see the moon during the day. If, on the other hand, we called it night when the moon is in the sky, then we would sometimes see the sun at... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does bacon shrink when cooked? | [
"Bacon shrink when you cook it because the fat turns to grease and oil which causes parts of the bacon to decrease only where the fat is so the meat gets all ripoli because where the fat is usually lengthwise of the bacon shrivels which crossed the whole thing they get wrinkly"
] | [
"Why can't you reheat things in the microwave twice?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
The holographic universe theory | [
"The amount of information that's possible to store in a given chunk of space depends on its *surface area* instead of its volume. This is weird; the number of hard drives or sheets of paper you can store depends on volume, so why would a more efficient storage medium only scale with surface area? You can mathemati... | [
"Its just the results of observation plus math. More recently also computation and virtual modeling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do sugary liquids make you even more thirsty? | [
"If your blood sugar gets too high, your body will try to get rid of the extra sugar by flushing it out with water. Your body will take water out of you body, put it in your blood, then dump the extra sugery blood through your kidneys to try to restore a good sugar level. With all of this water getting moved aroun... | [
"You know how eating salt on it's own makes you thirsty? Well when you put salt on the slug it gets so thirsty it dies because it gets too dry on the inside to live. Getting dry on the inside is called dehydration and we drink water, juice and other drinks so the same thing doen't happen to us."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does a new car lose so much of it's value as soon as it's driven once? | [
"Coins, uncirculated coins are worth well more in the long run than anything else. Pretty much anything, especially if you can get it in a hermetically sealed box. I think most of the problem is, if you use something, anything, it's immediately 'used,' there's probably less or no warranty, and there's no way to acc... | [
"Used cars are cheaper, but older. You can expect to have to put money into repairs at some point. New cars will have a warranty. They will last longer. A new car is likely to have better gas mileage. A new car will cost more per month in insurance. You'll save money in the long run buying used."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
the 60 Minutes Story and Benghazi. What did they say and why is everyone so upset now? | [
"Their Benghazi story presented the view that the US government responded badly to the attack in Benghazi, as told by a guy who claimed to have been there. The problem is that he *wasn't* there, and in fact had earlier told the FBI that he wasn't there. So either 60 Minutes knowingly ran a false story, or they didn... | [
"She's hated? First I've heard of it. Source?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between race and ethnicity? When did this distinction develop? | [
"Race is a social construct meant to separate and group individuals based on physical features. Ethnicity is actual historical genetic origins. One can be part of the white \"race\" but with ethnicity of Polish."
] | [
"There is no such thing as guilt by association in the USA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Social Sciences:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Social Sciences:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Law and Entertainment:"
} |
To what extent are gorilla's able to communicate in sign language? | [
"In Koko's case, she is estimated to understand 1000 signs/2000 spoken English words. However, she communicates in very fragmented adjectives and verbs mostly. An example: She gestures to an apple she wants to eat, while signing for Red, and or hungry."
] | [
"To rephrase OP's question. Can animals of the same species from different parts of the world understand each other. Would a monkey in Africa and Brazil be able to hunt together and communicate the same way they usually do when in their native land?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Can someone explain the different parts of a computer and how their uses? | [
"Sure! * Monitor - Let's you see stuff the computer wants to show you * Keyboard/Mouse - Let's you put information into the computer, control things * Harddrive - Stores information in the medium/long term (SLOW) * RAM - Stores information in the short term (FAST) * Optical Drive - Let's you read from disks using l... | [
"A pragmatic reasoning could be that the majority of computer users have no clue how to install an operating system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how do breeders ensure diversity among their animals' offspring? Wouldn't they have to constantly buy new breeding pairs? | [
"Sometimes they don't. There are things called line breeding in which breeders intentionally breed related animals (such as ones with the same grandparent). People will also sometimes breed daughters to their fathers.. one mating of such a combination usually isn't a problem but if that offspring was then bred to ... | [
"If they are true purebred dogs they can be traced back to a foundation of ancestors. Obviously, one dog can't mate with itself. Generally purebred dogs are linebred and not inbred now. Meaning you can't trace a common ancestor within five or six generations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do we have different battery sizes if they all do the same thing in the same way? | [
"To clarify, batteries have a fuel inside them that they convert to electricity (not by burning like gasoline, but through a chemical reaction). A battery that is flat is one that has run out of fuel. Just like a car with a small fuel tank doesn't have less power than one with the same engine but a bigger fuel tank... | [
"They don't fulfil the same function, they differ in 2 critical features 1. Size - A triple A battery is significantly smaller than a double A allowing for much thinner or smaller devices than a double A, if you only had double A batteries then nothing could ever be thinner than 14.5 mm 2. Capacity - A double A alk... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why guitar and piano chords are different? For example: guitar A consists of A-E-A-C#-E, but piano A consists of A-C#-E and so with others? | [
"Guitar is simply using all the available strings as opposed to only 3 of them. They double the A because the the root or tonic or the chord. Meaning it's the most important note. It's why we call it an A chord. They double the E because it's the dominant note and a perfect fifth above the tonic. It's a really impo... | [
"The root chord/note used 1-4-5 in C major would have the chords C maj.-F maj.-G maj. 1-4-5 in A minor would have the chords A minor-D minor-E major"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does poking a second hole make pouring easier? | [
"The second hole lets air in the container to fill in the vacuum created my liquid exiting via the first hole. The vacuum is what slows the initial liquid pour in the first place."
] | [
"1: where is the visual representation? 2: Are you talking about when the water pours backwards out of the glass and dribbles down it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
the purpose of running a "cooldown" after a cardio workout | [
"It allows your heart rate and breathing rate to gradually slow down and also for your body temperature to reduce, while decreasing the lactic acid content in your muscles. Overall, it helps to prevent fainting and helps your muscles to relax."
] | [
"I had a bit of a struggle getting my head around this; explaining as basically as I can, it's not that * the live/line/hot pushes, then the neutral pushes back, and so on but, rather that * the live/line/hot **pushes and pulls** with respect to the neutral."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people look thinner in darker clothing? | [
"you can't see their curves as easily. since light isn't reflecting off their bodies to show detail they don't look as fat."
] | [
"Cameras can have some issues with clothing. Fine patterns can cause a moire effect, very bright colors or white clothing can cause exposure issues. The latter may be what they are referring to here but as long as your tie is not particularly bright, white, or finely patterned you should be fine. People wear ties a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people say that cilantro tastes like soap? | [
"Here is a great explanation from the NY Times - _URL_0_? - that says, in part, that the reason could be genetic in nature. Some of the smell chemicals found in Cilantro are related to soap compounds, and chemists suspect this could add to the association."
] | [
"There's a chemical in most toothpaste that blocks your tongue's ability to taste sweet stuff. That's why orange juice tastes so bad after you brush your teeth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do sapling trees not lose their leaves in the winter while adult trees of the same species do? | [
"Some like beeches hold onto dead leaves to collect snow at their base for added water when it melts. Saplings in general hold onto their leaves longer than the larger trees to get some last minute sugar from the sun without the shading of the larger trees."
] | [
"It does matter. Different types of trees have different sun vs shade requirements as well as how much space they need to properly grow. That being said, trees can withstand a lot. Look at your typical forest- the trees are densely populated and yet manage to survive. The ones that don’t just become fertilizer for ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Does the US have a plan for it's debt? What is the endgame? | [
"National debt isn't like personal debt. We don't need to pay it off. As long as we can keep making the required payments on it, people will gladly keep loaning money to the US government. The debt is only really a problem if it starts growing faster than the economy & we *can't* make payments on it."
] | [
"How would the president conduct a hostile takeover without the military? Also a takeover of what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do our brains have trouble visualizing more than 3 dimensions? | [
"Because the concept is completely foreign. You don't experience it,which gives you very little to base it off of. You work with 1,2,3D objects every day,and your brain is optimized for it,for survival. Analogies about going from say 2D to 3D only help so _URL_0_'s much easier to grasp since we're alreasy 3D-trying... | [
"A million years ago, your ancestors didn't need to be able to rapidly count to more than four. Without a real economy, the biggest mathematical demand on them was to know if there are more than three or four leopards ahead, it's time to get the hell out of here. Our relationship with numbers is very recent in our ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is a defibrillator associated with starting a heart when it does the exact opposite? | [
"When the heart is fibrillating, its beat is irregular and cannot properly circulate your blood. Left like this, you die. The defibrillator does stop the heart, but the ultimate goals is that, by stopping your heart, your body has a chance to start it again and getting it to beat properly."
] | [
"Because the brain works on electrical signals and at the time they didn't know a hell of a lot more about it, electroshock therapy was thought to sort of overload the brain and shock it back into working properly in a similar way that a defibrillator does with the heart. A bit like pressing a reset button or turn... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is nutritional science is seemingly less concrete than other branches of science? | [
"Nutrition is very complex with the effect of diet on the body being confused by a number of other factors in an individuals lifestyle. With the more traditional sciences you can much more easily isolate individual components to look at them alone."
] | [
"Psychology is not a medical field, it's a social science. Psychiatry is a medical field. I've never heard of anybody deny the conceptual validity of psychology."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How can a country like Japan have debts of $10t and FOREX reserves of $1.2t? Why don't they use their reserves to pay down their debt? | [
"Think of it as the equivalent of a mortgage. People will often carry a mortgage and carry investments at the same time. If you can make more interest on the investments than it costs you for the mortgage you are better off not paying off the mortgage."
] | [
"Bonds are bought/sold/traded on the open market. The US issues bonds at auction on the open market and doesn't care who buys 'em. China actually only owns about $1.179trillion in US bonds, which is about 17% of our debt - a lot of money to be sure but nothing to worry about. If China started selling off US bonds i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Are dogs unaware they are chasing their own tails when they are chasing their own tails? | [
"It's got to have something to do with the animals state of mind. My cat can sit with her tail moving and not think twice about it. When she gets frisky and primal she will attack anything that gets her attention. I'm thinking about when our pets switch from \"domesticated\" mind to \"wild instinct\" mind."
] | [
"Dogs chase things that move, be it a cat, chicken, jogger, bike, motor, or a car. It's part of its instinct to hunt and defend its territory."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does mariana trench stay in one place if tectonic plates of the earth move? | [
"Tectonic plates move something like a centimeter at most a year. It would take tens of thousands of years for it to noticeably move."
] | [
"Antarctica doesn't, since it's literally at the south The rest is because of the tectonic plates. If you google Earth's tectonic plates movement and look in the images, you will see that the fault lines pushes along the Earth's latitude. Also, when continents split from Pangaea, some rotated as they drifted away."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do other species commit suicide? why or why not? | [
"Yes, there are other species that do commit 'suicide', or rather engage in behavior that will likely result in its demise. Rarely its at their own hands, rather an act that gets them killed by something else. For example, there are spider species that, during the mating process, the male will impale himself on the... | [
"If it's OK for me to do it, it has to be OK for everybody to do it. If it's not OK for everybody to do it, then it's not OK for me to do it either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What would happen if all the cockroaches in the world disappeared? | [
"We'd be left with only crickets and spiders to complain about."
] | [
"Of the tons of bugs that have crawled over or flown around you in your life, how many have you killed?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was designed to curve along the earths. Yet, the water under it stays does not curve along the earth. How could it be if the earth is a sphere? | [
"While it may have been designed to curve concentric with the Earth, the arc you see is because suspension bridge are also designed to be hump shaped so that they go flat when heavily loaded. The Earth's curvature is much\"flatter\" than the arc you see in the bridge. The water has the arc of the Earth."
] | [
"Because the earth is round and they do, in fact, fly straight to their destination if you look at it with earth as a globe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Aviation:"
} |
Most people have a preferred arm or hand, so they tend to do the heavier jobs with their favorite arm. Why are both arms still the same size? | [
"They aren't. It's just that most labor isn't heavy enough to cause a noticeable difference. Further, most heavy labor is designed to be done in an ergonomic, symmetrical way with both arms. However, there are edge cases. Ask an experienced blacksmith to show you their arms. My right arm (and right pec!) are very s... | [
"It depends a bit. A lot of us lefties are pretty much forced to use our right hand in various situations (ever laid eyes on a pair of seamstress scissors? They are ridiculous hard to use with the hand that doesn't properly fit the grip) and as a result we are sometimes better with some tools using our right hand. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What actually happens to your body when you get kocked out? How does it happen? | [
"If you get hit really hard in the head it causes your head to accelerate, and your brain along with it. Your head then hits the inside of your skull and can bounce around (not like a tennis ball obviously, it's pretty firmly attached, but enough to cause problems). The trauma to the brain causes lots of neurotrans... | [
"It's because it releases endorphin's in your brain making you 'high'. Just like falling in love."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does being congested seem to make it hard to focus? | [
"This won't be a very scientific answer, but I'd say it's because your brain only has so much energy, so much focus, so much attention that it can deliver to everything it's doing both on a conscious and subconscious level. When it's just that much more difficult for you to breathe, some of your attention is going ... | [
"1) As time goes by, you get a little more used to suffering. 2) Because you remain upright (letting fluids drain easier), blow your nose and drink fluids throughout the day, it's easier for you to breathe and stay hydrated-- so you feel better. 3) You're distracted by other stuff, so even though you might actually... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Medical:"
} |
How does a microwave work? | [
"Most of what we eat has water in it. Unless you're eating beef jerky (something I doubt you microwave), there is likely a lot of water in your food. Water is like a little bar magnet, with one positive side and one negative side. Microwaves cause these little bar magnets to spin really quickly by alternating where... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do anti-depressants sometimes make teens and young adults suicidal? | [
"You know how when you're really down, you just want to curl up on a couch and not do anything? Well, clinically depressed people can sometimes be in that state all the time. So they might be suicidal, but they never act on it, because their depression means they don't want to act on *anything*. Sometimes antidepre... | [
"Suicide. Chronic depression, especially when combined with other mental illness, drastically increases a person's chances of attempting suicide."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do almost all Carnival operators have bad teeth? | [
"Many Carnies are people who can't get work at traditional jobs. A good portion of those are for living under the radar so to speak or simply not being able to deal with regular society. A lot of those folks also have drug issues. There is usually a pattern to certain types of bad teeth. Google images of \"meth mou... | [
"Because they close their boarders all the damn time!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about News and current events:"
} |
How does amnesia work? When someone regains their memory does it come to them all at once, or little by little? | [
"The Stuff You Should Know guys did a podcast on amnesia recently, you would probably be interested in that. _URL_0_"
] | [
"The part of your brain that remembers things long term isn't turned on while you are sleeping. So when you wake up, that part of your brain is still turning on and you only have your short term memory to go off of. By the time your long term memory turns on, you've most likely forgotten most if not all of your dre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
} |
Why do we forget waking up in the middle of the night? | [
"When you sleep the memory section of your brain stops recording just like the motor sections stop sending signals to your limbs. It is possible to be woken up by something without regaining full consciousness at once, and even falling asleep seconds later. You may notice this if you wake up and can not move. Subst... | [
"Because you are waking up in the middle of it. If you have someone wake you in the middle of normal dreams you remember them better too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does touching the prostate gland cause better sex performance in men? | [
"It doesn't improve performance, it stimulates ejaculation very quickly. Feels just great, btw."
] | [
"Do they both have side effects that include increased heart rate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does one get involved in politics and eventually run for office? | [
"Surprisingly easy. People usually start fairly local, unless they're ivy-league lawyers who have the chops and the connections to jump right into a senate race. They start at the local government or state senate level. Most get involved with the local office of whatever party they're looking to join, and its a si... | [
"The hope is that people more civil and open minded will replace the people in power at some point."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why isn't 900p common like 1080 or 720p? | [
"720p and 1080i were chosen as the standard resolutions for HDTV broadcasts. While they both use roughly the same amount of data/bandwidth, 720p sacrifices resolution for getting a full 60 frames per second update, making it preferable for things like sports. 1080i, OTOH, gives you higher resolution but slower scre... | [
"Depends on the upload date. I don't think older videos benefit from it, but newer videos seem to have a huge audio quality jump from 240 to 360/480 and a marginal audio quality jump from 360/480 to 720/1080."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If Russia were to destroy EU/US space satellites, what would the damage be? | [
"They wouldn't get very far down that path before the U.S. shot down the Russian satellite. The U.S. has already demonstrated it [has that capability](_URL_1_) and it would take a long time for the Russians to maneuver their satellite to destroy any appreciable number of U.S. satellites, even if the Russians only l... | [
"Political/military power? China and Russia would probably accelerate their military buildup and start asserting more and more regional and global influence to help fill the void. China would probably become a lot more aggressive in the south china sea/sea of japan. It's unlikely any country would attempt to outrig... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Explain this comic to me. | [
"[There's a website for that](_URL_0_) > This is a reference to the phrase context-free grammar, which is a technical term used in formal language theory. The play on words is that Cueball does not provide any context for his statement."
] | [
"I need somebody to ELI5 that question for me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does high school start so early in the morning (mine started at 7:30am) when the typical job starts at 9am? | [
"I've always been told growing up that it's done on purpose so that parents have time to drive their kids to school and school buses don't interfere with rush hour traffic. And elementary, middle and high school all start at different times so less school buses are needed."
] | [
"My college is within maybe 30 miles of the central/eastern line. Some of my professsors work in eastern and live in central. We actually have a branch of the college that is in central time. Most of the time stuff will just list a time and what zone it is. For example. My calc 3 final is at noon eastern time. Thi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Business:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Business:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I looked up "aesthetics" on Google - most images are in purple. Looked up /r/aesthetics - most images are also in purple. Why? | [
"This is really more of an /r/OutOfTheLoop thing. _URL_0_ What you're seeing is a bunch of [Vaporwave](_URL_1_) related imagery. They've taken the word \"aesthetic\" to be a big part of the scene (or at least people mocking the scene have)."
] | [
"It's just scareporn. Just like there's r/spaceporn and other similar subreddits, r/fearme is for purveyors of scary images. They'll often add cryptic/nonsensical captions to make it seem more eerie. I've visited a few times to have a look and I'm pretty sure it's all either digitally rendered or staged. There are ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can you explain 'Gödel Escher Bach - an Eternal Golden Braid' to me LI5? | [
"It tries to answer a question about mind: \"Does mind follow rules?\" and the related \"Is Artificial intelligence possible?\" While explaining this, Hofstadter references art, music and logic through the works of Escher, Bach and Godel. Another important theme is the concept of what he calls **Strange loop**, for... | [
"Please explain this post like I am 5 years old."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why don't fitness centers harness energy that its patrons create when exercising? | [
"An excellent idea! The bad news is humans are too puny. From the Wikipedia page on human power *... adults of good average fitness average between 50 and 150 watts for an hour of vigorous exercise.* So you on a treadmill could barely power a lightbulb or two. Sounds crazy, but there it is. Some cardio machines hav... | [
"Giving gyms money does not guarantee people will use gyms. If fat people wanted to exercise, there are free ways to do that (ie jogging, sex, not eating shit)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do cats chirp at birds? | [
"Wild cats have been recorded mimicking calls of their prey and there is some though that the chirping is tied to this. Another is that the chattering noise they sometimes make is associated with frustration. A few minutes on google will get you this and more, but [here is one simple source to get you started.](_UR... | [
"Why do you stare at your dog when it's taking a shit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Animal behavior:"
} |
what is the scientific reason we get "bad vibes" about a person/place/situation? | [
"Humans are good at pattern recognition and you will subconsciously connect those \"new\" patterns to old ones, comparing the person to a situation you've already experienced. I can't find the link but there was a study proving that people will follow previous decisions subconsciously without realizing it. The par... | [
"A lot of people use laughter as a defense mechanism when they're uncomfortable or in pain (physically or mentally)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What has Family Video done differently than Blockbuster that has kept them in business? | [
"From Wiki: > In addition to the brick and mortar store front, Family Video has branched off into other markets such as real estate, 24-hour fitness centers, and cable television. The company also sells new and previously used items online. Family Video expanded into the Canadian market in 2012. > In 2013, fo... | [
"Blockbuster was bought by Dish Network, and they've so far decided to leave open a few franchised stores. Any money they make is split between Dish Network and the franchise owner according to the terms of their franchise agreement."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are some body parts such as the nose made out of cartilage, and not bones? | [
"Cartilage and bone both provide structure, but where bone provides load bearing strength and body cavity protection (thorax and cranium) necessitating hardness, cartilage is better suited to provide support to moving parts (ie connections between the ribs and the sternum) and is easier to repair than bone so is be... | [
"There is not (with the exception of hair and fingernails). If a part of your body contains living cells, those cells can turn cancerous. You can get cancer of the bone, skin, muscles, blood, cartilage, nerves, etc etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do digital personal assistants commonly have female voices? | [
"I've always thought because women are seen as calmer, less violent and more compassionate - it's like hearing the voice of your mother. This means that you're less likely to punch your old, malfunctioning GPS in the face."
] | [
"This seems like an opinionated rhetorical question, but my guess is that Siri launched October 2011 and Google Now launched July 2012. Apple is largely based on familiarity and consistency regarding branding, sounds (they didn't let you customize texts for the longest time), visuals, etc. which explains why they m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Technology:"
} |
Why do railroad tracks always have rocks underneath them? | [
"They provide drainage as well a stable platform for the rails."
] | [
"The stones are called Track ballast. They are there so water can drain away from the track and doesn't cover it. They are also hard for plants to grow on, so you don't have to clear bushes from them as often."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do you tell that a news source is credible? | [
"You're getting some decent answers, though I would add: does the article cite the *primary source* of the information? A lot of fake news is getting circulated because of sloppy re-reporting, aided by tools that help readers share and broadcast the errors. It's like every stereotype about rumors versus the truth, ... | [
"Fake news is an article posted on a web site designed to look like a legitimate newspaper or other news source that is In fact nothing but clickbait. Read [There is no such thing as the Denver Guardian](_URL_0_) for an example. A Denver resident might know that the Denver Guardian doesn't exist but a casual reader... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Media and Journalism:"
} |
How royally fucked is the global climate, and what does that mean for the near and distant future? | [
"Nobody really knows. It probably won't be the apocalyptic/doomsday scenario you see in Mad Max or that terrible \"Day After Tomorrow\" movie. Humans are adaptable, and we will figure out how to continue on. But I think we can expect to see more extreme weather, the demise/extinction of different kinds of plants a... | [
"Because a large part of the population was fed a string of lies about how much better life would be out of the EU."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do the Zicam cold remedy fast melts effectively get rid of a cold so quickly? | [
"Zicam is homeopathic. Take from that what you will..."
] | [
"Cold/flu medications do not cure or fight viral infections like the flu or the common cold. They contain a pain reliever/anti-inflammatory which helps with fever and aches. They also usually contain a cough suppressant and the day time versions usually have some sort of decongestant. The nighttime formulations con... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why songs do Clips ? | [
"Many reasons: This is America, from Childish Gambino, for example; the music video compliments the message of the song a whole lot. Without it, IMO, the song would lose a lot of its meaning and wouldn't be close to as impactful as it is. So, it's an useful tool to SHOW a message rather than just tell Music \\(and ... | [
"Relevant entertaining and informative youtube video Electrocution in Water: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did some cultures develop written language and others didn't? | [
"Only about 3 civilizations in the whole world ever invented written language; it's *that* rare and extraordinary. All other civilizations got it by learning the idea from some other civilization that had it -- or didn't get it at all."
] | [
"But if Civilization gets slaughtered or decimated by illness who are they going to tell their history? Our knowledge of history is based mainly on documents. If we don't have them or can't decipher them (as was long the case with hieroglyphics) we won't know much. Also do WE document our history for future civiliz... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What started the hatred of Homosexuality? | [
"Cultures that forbade any form of sexual release that didn't make babies outpopulated those that permitted them."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does compounding interest actually work in terms of personal wealth accumulation? | [
"Imagine you have $100 in an investment. To be simple, let's say that it gives you a 5% return monthly. After month 1, you get a 5% return or $5. Rather than taking that money out of the account, you keep it in the account, so you now have $105. After month 2, you get another 5%. This time, you're taking 5% on $105... | [
"That's 4% *per year*. So over a 30-year span, it adds up. The interest paid goes down as your principle goes down, but you'll usually still be spending a lot on interest. Edit: Note that this is how all finances dealing with interest rates work. Savings accounts, credit cards, car loans, student loans, etc all giv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people experience stomach cramps while running? | [
"If you're talking about the painful stitch you get in your side, nobody really knows, despite the plethora of pet theories people have/will come up with."
] | [
"Try eating some food before hand. Some people experience pretty bad stomach aches when drinking water on an empty stomach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does ejaculation cause so much fatigue? | [
"well, two reasons. First, climax in itself helps relieve stress and anxiety - which causes a person to relax. There's also some degree of physical exertion involved. Second, ejaculation causes a man's brain to release a bunch of chemicals. In case you want to know the names (norepinephrine, serotonin, oxytocin, va... | [
"Related question: why does it feel so GOOD to crack a joint? There's like a palpable relief sensation, what causes that?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is it about the anatomy of ants that they are able to carry objects considerably heavier than themselves? | [
"Oooh, I know this! The key to their freakish exoskeleton Hulk powers is their teeny tiny size. That said, it's a matter of physics that the smaller the animal, the stronger it is relative to its size and weight - If I remember correctly, it's all about the disparity between mass and the surface area of their muscl... | [
"There is no evidence that flies or small insects possess the capability to be frightened. Many insects also contend with predators much bigger than them for the majority of their extremely short lives."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Entomology:"
} |
Why is it far easier to keep our eyes closed when we're tired? | [
"If you have been awake for a long time, your eyes dry out. Closing your eyes lubricates your eyes, which feels good. Muscle fatigue is another factor, especially if you've been staring at a screen all day. Another perspective: when you're tired, you want to sleep. Closing your eyes starts to satisfy the desire for... | [
"Well how many bad things have happened to you in your bed? Are there many other places you allow yourself to become comfortable enough to sleep? When in bed are you facing the door?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Boxing weight classes: why isn't the heavyweight champion larger? | [
"It would be a disadvantage. A fighter needs to be mobile and he needs to have the stamina to last 12 rounds. Muhammad Ali was famous for that. He was 210 when he fought Sonny Liston for his first heavyweight title. He would dance around so that guys couldn't get a good hit in on him. The heaviest champ ever was ... | [
"There are four different main different boxing organizations; WBA, WBC , IBF, WBO each with their own belts for every weight division Think of it like wrestlings old WWF Vs WCW, each are in same type of thing but both have their own champions There are so many organizations because there is more money to be made... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What's actually happening physiologically when for example your muscles or ankle is sore the next day after hiking, and it "hurts so good" when you massage it or put pressure on it? | [
"The sensory nerves for \"touch\" have a stronger signal than the \"pain\" receptors so you get temporary relief."
] | [
"Because you weren't moving and gripping things (at least not much) while you were asleep. So your muscles are colder and more stiff because of the lack of movement. However once you do start moving, and your muscles warm up, you'll be able to do things normally. This is the same reason as to why your legs or arms ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
The fourth dimension (4D) | [
"Here's a video that might help you out, although it's still tough for me to grasp. _URL_3_"
] | [
"It already meant a large quantity of material, when it was then used in the 1700s to describe a great quantity of sound. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does water (and other liquids) dry when temperatures are below evaporation points? | [
"The specifics are not very ELI5 friendly, but if you're interested, look up *vapor pressure.* Evaporation and boiling are not strictly the same thing. When water is at its boiling point, its average kinetic energy (temperature) is high enough to overcome atmospheric pressure and form gas bubbles *within* the liqui... | [
"It is from condensation. Drinking water is frequently cooler than the ambient air, and if it is cool enough, water from the air (humidity) will change from a gas to a liquid (condensation.) it is the same process that leads to dew formation that we commonly see on grass in the mornings. Depending on the amount of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- How is it possible for steam to sell PC games at a major discount to customers? | [
"They talk with the publishers to arrange the discounts, publishers benefit because their games reach a wider audience, Steam benefits because people use their service, and of course both get a cut of the money paid. Also moving many units can make more money for example: lets say i sell a game for $10 on steam an... | [
"Many Ebooks are. Licenses mostly. It *is* cheaper for them to make, but companies would rather sell their game for $60 each rather than $20. So they keep the same prices."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If it takes time to digest food, Why do I have to go to the bathroom right after eating? | [
"[It's called a gastrocolic reflex or gastrocolic response](_URL_0_). It basically is just your stomach telling your brain to make more room for incoming food and therefore go poop. Its normal, don't worry. :)"
] | [
"Try eating later in the day not everyone is designed to eat immediately or even within two hours of waking up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Is it possible to be allergic to food? (Not one specific food like peanuts, but literally everything you eat) | [
"Not a true allergy but there's a condition called refeeding syndrome. It occurs when people have gone through long periods of starvation who then have food reintroduced to the system. What happens is the person's body treats food as a foreign contaminant and rejects it. _URL_0_"
] | [
"It's not clear why peanut or tree nut allergies develop. Tree nuts, like walnuts, are another common allergy. At first they thought it was introducing these foods too early and more recently now they tell pregnant women to eat nuts to reduce the allergy. Peanuts also may not be the most common, but clearly has th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why do all modern phones have stripes on the bottom? (Picture in text) | [
"If your talking about the thin lines that run all along the phone, them it's separation for the antennas in the phone. Your phone has different antennas for cellular/LTE connections, Bluetooth, wifi..... Those lines are either where the antennas are run or they separate different metallic parts of the phone that a... | [
"Generally, because a better camera will take up more space in interest for space, manufacturers will only put one high-quality camera, which will usually be in the back, due to most people valuing the back facing camera over the front facing camera. This is not always true because if I remember correctly there was... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What was the K-T Extinction? | [
"The K-T extinction was the extinction that separated the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods (the acronym comes to us through German, thus the spelling difference). This extinction was the one that wiped out the dinosaurs, and was almost certainly caused by an asteroid/comet impact."
] | [
"End of the world: No End of civilized society: definitely End of mankind: 50/50 Its all speculation though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
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