query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is there seemingly no research being done on purely recreational drugs? | [
"The cost of creating an FDA approved drug is in the 100 million dollar range and those doing the initial research are typically PHDs. So drafting a proposal for funding on a drug that's only purpose is fun would be unlikely and not even cross the minds of everyone involved. imagine inventing a drug like ecstasy an... | [
"That's the funny thing: The good drugs are often the same drugs as the bad drugs. You've just only been hearing the bad things, because that's all anyone has a vested interest in telling you. Medical marijuana is a big thing, after all. Not to mention the growing research into medical usage of psychedelics on depr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
EL15: What is the difference between LIBOR and the Fed Funds Rate? | [
"They're basically the same thing. One is the rate at which UK banks charge each other (interest) for overnight loans. The other is the same thing except what US banks charge each other to do the same thing. This overnight lending rate is what each country's central bank primarily targets when setting interest rate... | [
"Interest rates in the US aren't actually set by the government, but are determined by the free market. They are strongly influenced by the actions of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve influences interest rates by buying and selling treasury bonds as well as by setting the discount rate (the rate at which ba... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do men have, or even need, nipples? | [
"Nipples are developed in the womb before sex is. Since they've already been developed, the body doesn't reject them. Evolution doesn't pick the *best* features necessarily, it picks the ones that survive."
] | [
"Women's breasts are sexually sought after because they're a sign of fertility. Men's aren't because they're a sign of obesity and ill health. As for the taboo thing, I'll let somebody else answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:"
} |
If corporations are just groups of people working toward a common goal, and corporations pay taxes-why is it so bad if the law treats corporations like people? | [
"I think the problem stems from the fact that the individual people who make up the corporation *already* have the rights *and* responsibilities/consequences of being people. The corporation as an entity can't face the consequences that the individual people can (jail time, etc) and the people are shielded from con... | [
"Sure is a double standard but that's perfectly fine because companies aren't people. There are way more restrictions on the freedoms of companies then there are on the freedoms of people just like it should be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do people who have difficulty hearing/can't hear interpret messages from "Tones for the Hearing Impaired?" | [
"> How do people who have difficulty hearing/can't hear interpret messages from \"Tones for the Hearing Impaired?\" They don't. The [TDD](_URL_0_) device attached to their phone does. The tones are encoded text that shows up on a deaf person's TDD machine, to allow them to use phone menus. If they need to talk to a... | [
"Imagine a situation: I cant hear you talking right now. Does that mean you have no voice?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come light doesn't go through objects like walls of their atoms are made of mostly empty space as proved by the gold foil experiment? | [
"A forest is mostly empty space too, but if you run a car into one at 100 miles and hour you're likely going to have a tough time making it very far."
] | [
"Through space itself. Since it's a field force, it acts through space itself and doesn't need a medium, similar to electromagnetic waves. You could've just as easily asked how light from the sun travels between the sun and the earth even though there's nothing there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is Google Fiber so inexpensive while providing such high speeds with no data limits? | [
"Because it isn't expensive (especially in condensed metro areas); Google just doesn't make as much profit as Verizon FiOS. They make a profit, just not a lot."
] | [
"Many of the biggest internet providers are primarily cable television providers. This means that they have a strong incentive to make the internet connection barely tolerable, and relatively expensive. If you had a lot of high-speed, unlimited bandwidth, you'd watch all your television shows online, or watch less ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What causes the discoloration in mirrors when you do the infinite mirror thing with two mirrors? | [
"Some light is absorbed with each reflection, the mirrors are not perfect reflectors. The cheap glass in the mirrors also has a slight green color to it that's usually not perceptible but becomes apparent after multiple passes."
] | [
"The reflective material is on the back of the glass plate so you are seeing the distance between the front of the glass and the reflective material."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:"
} |
Why are the big torrenting websites such as PirateBay not being shut down? | [
"They are. Constantly. TPB has been shut down numerous times. The issue is that they can argue in court that because they only provide the torrent file, and not the copyrighted content itself, that they are not breaking any laws."
] | [
"The Piratebay has the double edged sword of being the poster child of internet piracy. Even if it is no larger or worse than other services, they make a large symbolic target to those who would want to sue. uTorrent is a software provider, what they do and provide isnt illegal, just can be used for illegal purpose... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how is a wildfire's containment percentage determined? | [
"Let's say the circumference of a fire is 10,000 feet long. At 31% containment, that means they have secured line around 3,100 feet of that fire. Wildland fires are contained by denying fuel for the fire to grow. That means that they literally dig down to the soil, clearing the ground around a fire of anything tha... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
If we aimed a mirror at the night sky, would the light from the stars bounce back and travel for another trillion or so miles? | [
"Yes, it would reflect back towards the star. The light would probably scatter, though, leading to very little light, if any, actually getting back out of the atmosphere."
] | [
"The only way we could see an image of the past earth would be if it were reflected back to us. If there was some gigantic mirror out in space then we could look at it to see what the Earth looked like in the distant past. But, for many reasons, this isn't practical. But, we can't directly catch up with the image o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do save game files for large open-world games work? How is the game told exactly where everything is, who is where, etc in such a relatively small file? | [
"A save file is basically just instructions and coordinates. It doesn't save any part of the actual game. It's just tells the game when it is loaded where everything is and in what state. It is essentially text, and text takes very little room memory wise even in very large quantities."
] | [
"To be efficient with resources, the game only loads in the chunks where the player is present, or where a relevant event to the player may be occurring. If the entire simulation were running at all times, it would be far too taxing on the computer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is the stinging sensation we feel in our feet after sitting for long periods of time? | [
"If you are talking about pins and needles that usually happens when a nerve(s) are compressed and it makes it difficult or stops the nerve from sending signals to the brain, this is when the area is \"asleep\". After the pressure is relieved and the nerves start working normally again, that's when you feel pins an... | [
"It has various uses and benefits. - It can help to stabilize a loose knee joint. - It can reduce sagging if you have big boobs or are overweight. - It can prevent blood build-up in your legs if you are required to sit still for a long time or have circulatory problems."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If a square has a side length of 1/4, how is the area 1/16 ? | [
"Imagine we have a square that is four units wide by 4 units tall - - - - | | | | | | | | - - - - How many 1x1 blocks can we fit in the rectangle? The answer is 16- we have four rows of four. Now let's pretend that instead of each tick marking \"1\", it marks \"1/4th\". So now that sa... | [
"The surface area is actually only 28% of Earth's. The forumula for the surface area of a sphere is 4 * pi * r². So if r = .53, r² = .28"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do people hate Jar Jar Binks? | [
"He was an annoying and poorly written character that didn't serve to advance the story in any meaningful way. His entire character could of been removed from the film with very little change in the plot. Without serving any major purpose his annoying antics and dialogue were seen as annoying by movie goers."
] | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is the Honey Badger so wantonly aggressive? | [
"Momma says they are cranky cause they got all them teeth, but no toothbrush to brush 'em with."
] | [
"Are you saying we should be more racist towards cats?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do some neighborhoods/housing communities have odd speed limits ex. 13 mph | [
"It's basically to get your attention. If it was a regular speed ending in 0 or 5 you'd blow right past, but it seems it's intended effect has worked, you noticed them."
] | [
"It's called a speed *limit* meaning it's the maximum speed you can drive. Only limited access roads (interstate highways, freeways) have minimum posted speeds, and those prohibit mopeds and bicycles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does reddit work perfectly when I'm using mobile data but not when I'm using WiFi? | [
"There's not enough information here. Could be your phone. Could be your wifi. Could be issues with app compatibility."
] | [
"Presumably it lost the wifi signal. Or it disconnected for some other reason. /r/techsupport would be more helpful, but you should provide more details if your gonna post over there. No, its not eating data. Data doesn't just get passively used up you have to actually be doing something, browsing the web, downloa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do Julian Dates even exist? | [
"Quick, what's the date that's 47 days after February 13, during a non-leap year? Well, you can figure it out with a little bit of counting on your fingers (it's April 1), but wouldn't it be easier if I had asked, instead, \"quick, what's the day that's 47 days after the 44th day of the year?\" (It's the 91st day o... | [
"> Do we just make it up? Yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
when i am falling asleep why do i sometimes feel abnormally large or impossibly tiny? | [
"Some people have this all the time - it's called [Alice in Wonderland Syndrome](_URL_0_). And, according to that Wikipedia article, *\"AIWS is also a common experience at sleep onset.\"*"
] | [
"Because you push out a lot of air in your lungs and ypu limit the blood flow coming to your brain. This makes you feel really tired / think you're gonna pass out ( you actually can)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How did police narrow down suspects for the Boston Marathon bombing, and find them? | [
"1. They knew the bomb was inside of a black backpack because the bag was found shredded up at the scene. 2. They start looking at people in pictures with black backpacks matching the one they found. 3. They look to see whether or not the people in the pictures with that bag still had the bag after the explosions. ... | [
"So the FBI has changed tactics to track down killers I see."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there so few execution drugs? | [
"because doctors really wont consult on it, and drug companies dont want their products used for it. And who do you ask if it was painless?"
] | [
"Because there are giant metric fucktons of money in keeping things how they are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:"
} |
Why is it, that when we eat something spicy, like a Jalepeno, we have a harder time eating food that is hot (temperature wise)? | [
"It's because the nerves that detect heat also detect spicy hottness and pain. So if something is spicy lets say 50% of these nerves tell your brain 'hey i detect something here' -your brain obviously knows that these are the hot/spicy/pain guys and thinks\"oh it's probably something spicy\" But when it's also hot ... | [
"Spicy things are measured in Scoville heat units or SHUS. When something is spicy to us our body tries to cool the internal heat the only way it knows how, mucus. Much like when hot wings make your nose run, so will Tabasco and water help loosen your sinus. The higher the SHU, the more intense the heat and the mor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Do countries that are dependent on the U.S. Military pay any sort of money to the U.S. Government for protection? If not, why? | [
"Often, the government provides aid to other countries. This aid comes with provisions, usually hiring American firms and buying US hardware. The aid might be considered as a loan, which is secured with the nation's resources and requires the nation to privatize state-owned industry, which is then bought up by Amer... | [
"Well, we pay taxes to help support the government in it's endeavors. Where do you think NASA, or the Navy get their money for purchasing their aircraft or producing spacecraft? Out of thin air? No, it's from the taxpayers, or American citizens. As citizens of the USA, we are required to pay taxes to support the go... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
When were we, the human species, separately classified as our own species? | [
"ELI5 answer: about 200,000 years ago. ELI12 answer: species don't suddenly appear, it's a gradual transition. In the case of humans, there are several important stages in this transition: - The earliest fossils that have been proposed as human ancestors are *Sahelanthropus tchadensis* dating from 7 million years a... | [
"They actually have descendants living today. We are their descendants. They evolved into a few other species of which Homo sapiens is one. Species is a human concept. If you traced your line back to Homo erectus you'd never see an offspring come from a parent who belonged to a different species."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The 4.5% Retirement Withdrawal Rule | [
"Some guy (William Bengen) looked at historical data and determined that based on the past a certain withdrawal rate would be safe. The assumption is that the past data is an ok representation of future developments; as always this assumption is not correct but maybe the best guess we have. [Longer explanation](_UR... | [
"Ballot - Please choose one (1): 1. Beloved Leader: May He Reign for 100 years! 2. Horrible torture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If aliens exists, they would know math in a similar (not exactly) manner that we know it? | [
"Well depending on how many fingers they had they'd probably use a different base counting system. We use base 10, there are 10 different units before we gave to move to another digit. This is largely from the fact we have 10 fingers to count on. So a 8 fingered alien would count 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15... | [
"Infinity is a concept that we never really come across in our daily lives. It's not exactly a number-it's merely all the numbers possible. Try imagining 500 buildings. It's quite hard to get the exact number in our head. Now try and imagine an infinite number. It's impossible. The human mind was developed to under... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Mathematics:"
} |
The relation between spicy food eating and burning stool sensation afterwards | [
"Capsaicin in spicy food is what causes the burning sensation in your mouth. The capsaicin triggers a response from your brain that makes it seem as though something awful is going on in your mouth, hence the pain. When you go number two, the capsaicin causes the nerve endings around your anus to trigger the same r... | [
"Emotional stress induced things like muscle tightness, increased heart rate, abnormal stomach activity. There is also an empathy phenomenon that has been observed in mice where pain sensitivity increases when observing someone else who is in pain, so normal sensations of pain are amplified."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
To what extent did the companies behind the Keystone XL Pipeline plan to engage in eminent domain abuse? | [
"To some, it is a vital part of the issue. Personally, I don't have a problem with the pipeline, but I am disgusted with abuse of eminent domain. You rarely see people get mad about eminent domain abuse because frankly, people don't care about eminent domain seizure unless it's happening to them. In this particular... | [
"Because this issue is far to politicized in the United States and treated as a zero sum game. Corporate shareholders want to hear profits, not about how the company is working with the labor unions to ensure everything is hunky dory"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why people commonly misplace syllables/vowels in a sentence when speaking quickly. | [
"It takes time for your mouth and tongue to move into the positions needed to form the various sounds present in speech. If you're speaking too quickly, you might not be able to actually create the sound as fast as you are trying to, so sounds get dropped or come out incorrectly. It can also be a matter of thinking... | [
"It's replacing or adding a word so the quote makes grammatical sense in the context it's being used."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Speech and Language:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Speech and Language:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Sleep talk. How and why does it happen? | [
"When you dream, you interact with the dream as if they were real. Usually, there is a chemical that paralyzes you when you sleep so you do not physically interact with your dreams in the real world, but it's not always 100% effective. Often, the part of your body that you still control, despite the effects of this... | [
"... Asking what a baby dreams about is like asking what a dog dreams about. How would you ever find out?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is online poker and sports betting illegal in the US, but these "fantasy" betting sites are running wild? | [
"Because federal law has specific exemptions for fantasy sports leagues, as long as it's not a front for betting on the games themselves."
] | [
"Some states have passed specific laws banning these types of promotions. There was a time when there were a lot of scammy, fraudulent \"sweepstakes\" that harmed a lot of people. The states took action to restrict the ability of companies or individuals to run those kinds of promotions. Since Amazon is so big, it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is faxing not obsolete? | [
"This gets asked here every few months - here are some search results (search bar on right) which appear to contain answers to your question. _URL_3_ _URL_0_ _URL_2_ _URL_1_"
] | [
"Because HTTPS has nothing to do with being hacked or not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do drinks feel colder after I use products with mint in them like toothpaste, mints, or gum? | [
"> You know when you eat a hot wing and it feels like burning? Cold water helps a bit and hot food intensifies it. It's a chemical and it works the opposite with mint. Mint has menthol in it. Menthol makes your brain think that the area is cold when it really isn't in the same way that capsaicin makes the brain thi... | [
"That taste is actually the taste of the toothpaste. Toothpaste can be flavored in a number of ways but very often they use mint. Some people actually like the taste of mint! A lot of other things are mint flavored like bubblegum and mojitos. If you do not like the taste of mint you could switch to a brand that is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Dentistry:"
} |
Why is salmon the only fish that is smoked? | [
"It's not. My favorite is smoked haddock aka finnan haddie. Smoked whitefish is a standard at Jewish delis. Smoked trout, smoked herring (kippers)...and of course smoked oysters."
] | [
"The diet of wild salmon includes crustaceans, which makes their flesh naturally pink. The diet of farmed salmon is different, and their flesh is a dirty grey color. So, you're sitting in the supermarket and you see two sections of salmon fillets. In one section they are a nice, vibrant pink color. The other, a pal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What makes being transgender different from being a masculine girl or a feminine boy? | [
"> If you ask me what makes me say that I'm a man, I'm going to tell you it's because I have a penis. If I had a vagina instead but the rest of my mental states stayed constant (to whatever extent this is possible... and presumably excluding the belief \"I have a penis\") then I feel like I would just be a girl who... | [
"It's when a person has a mismatch between the gender of their personality (the gender that they identify themselves with) and their physical gender. It is not defined by their gender role (ie, a stay-at-home dad is not a transgender just by virtue of his daily activities), but by their emotional identity. I'd be i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's happening when I take a sip of something that "goes down the wrong way"? | [
"So your mouth is supposed to let in food and drinks. Your mouth is connect to a tube that goes down to your stomach. Your nose is supposed to let in air. Your nose also has a tube, and that tube goes to your lungs. These two tubes, on their way down, are connected at one spot! (That's why you can also let air in t... | [
"There's a chemical in most toothpaste that blocks your tongue's ability to taste sweet stuff. That's why orange juice tastes so bad after you brush your teeth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If people are born in Palestinian territories what citizenship do they have? | [
"_URL_0_ People born to Palestinian parents get a Palestinian ID card with the approval of the Israeli government. They are Palestinian citizens, even if it technically means they are stateless (since Palestine is not an independent state). P.S. Only some countries practice \"jus soli\" (\"right of the soil\") - i.... | [
"Most nations grant citizenship based on blood, not geography. In fact outside of the Vatican I cannot think of a single country that doesn't grant automatic citizenship to newborn children of their citizens - assuming the paperwork will be filled out eventually. If your parents have the citizenship of a country y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where does the fat go after exercising? | [
"Some turns into what later becomes your sweat, some turns into heat, some is used to fuel your muscles doing the work. But a lot is actually broken down into it's parts and is actually **breathed out**. Yeah, that's right. When you exercise you're exhaling away your fat."
] | [
"Your body is telling you to quit smoking. Listen to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does simultaneous incoming calls work | [
"The only reason house phones only receive a single call in at a time is because you're only paying for that service. Most phone companies can and will upgrade your home's number of lines if you want them to, or sell you an appliance or service that allows you to handle multiple calls at once by placing one on hold... | [
"first come first serve on a packet by packet basis. unless there's something on the router to prioritize one device over the other."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How would America respond to a real revolt, On a county wide scale? | [
"Badly... People would use it as an excuse to do stupid things like steal, kill and commit other crimes."
] | [
"How would the president conduct a hostile takeover without the military? Also a takeover of what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how do touch lamps actually work? | [
"There's a tiny amount of electricity running through the lamp. When something touches the lamp, a little of that electricity flows into it, changing the current. Different materials cause different changes to the current. Human skin contact causes a pretty predictable change, so if the lamp detects a change that m... | [
"What kind of tv do you have? Just off the top of my head do you have auto motion plus turned on?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why you never get thunder and lightning storms during snowfall | [
"You do, actually. The thing is that snow is a solid, and it's fluffy. It muffles sound and blocks views a lot better than rain does. Besides that, severe thunderstorms usually come along with a huge temperature gradient--the air after the storm will typically be much cooler or much warmer than the air before the s... | [
"It is just lightning that is too far away for you to hear the thunder. It takes the right atmospheric conditions for you to see it. It is often called \"heat lightning\" but there is nothing different about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do birth marks occur | [
"The human body is extremely complicated and the developmental process needs billions of cells to trigger the right sequences in the right order at the right time. Occasionally mistakes are made. Some are catastrophic and the fetus never develops. Some are severe and the baby is significantly malformed. Most are mi... | [
"Follow up question, why do some moles grow hair?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does sucking on your finger after you get a small cut or crush it seem to help with the pain? | [
"A natural painkiller found in saliva that is stronger than morphine named Opiorphin is present to help dampen the pain. It works by stopping the normal breakup of enkephalins, natural pain-killing opioids in the spinal cord. (Means it works by keeping together globs of endorphin-like natural painkiller) Disclaimer... | [
"Your body has a defense mechanism that helps when we get dust or sand in our eyes and it'll start to cry. Much like how a dirty wound will bleed a lot, it helps clean it out. Choking along with eating something spicy, biting your tounge, or even getting hit in the face will result in the eyes starting to water to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why if there are no nerves in the brain, do we feel headaches and itchiness? | [
"The brain has nerves... It's made of nerves. It has no pain receptors though so that's why you can not feel it when the surgeon is cutting into it. Also the brain is very resilient, and things that control vital functions are deep near the brainstem. so as long as you're careful where you cut you're fine. Although... | [
"Im pretty sure most visceral organs dont have sensory neurons for anything other than pain. So you wouldnt feel touch or pressure, only pain. The skin is the only organ that senses touch and pressure. This is why most feeling in the anterior cavities is some form of pain and never \" I feel like my kidney is being... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are electric vehicles more carbon efficient? The electricity comes from power plants, right? | [
"A car engine turns about 30% of the energy from gas into motion. The other 70% is lost as heat. Power plants that use fossil fuels use the heat from burning fuel to heat water that turn a generator. This is a more efficient conversion of the energy. Add to that, that not all of the electricity is generated by foss... | [
"Yes, also it's not just electricity, think of the water, land. Electricity can be renewable as well, its over 80% renewable here in New Zealand"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If I use my credit card for all my monthly expenses and then pay my balance in full, why would my CC company value me as a customer if they don't make any interest off me and I just rack up free points? | [
"Everytime you use your credit card, the merchant (store, person, whoever) has to pay a fee. Generally, it's around 1.5%."
] | [
"Good credit is nothing more than making regular payments, not how much interest you pay or how big a loan you pay. Get a credit card and make your regular purchases with it, gas, food, what ever. When the bill comes in you pay it off. Pay it in full and you pay no interest. You don't get better credit by making a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The Friendship Paradox. How can the average person's friends have more friends then them? | [
"Imagine you have six people: Alice, Bob, Charlie, Dave, Eric, and Zorp. A-E are all friends with Zorp but not with each other. Zorp has 5 friends, all the others have 1. On average, each person's friend has more friends than them, because 5 have only one friend who has 5 friends. Only one person has friends with f... | [
"Think of all the people you know that are of average intelligence. Now understand that half the population are dumber than them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Finance:"
} |
Why is Africa by Toto trending so hard right now? | [
"Weezer responded to a meme requesting them to cover Africa. They complied. It's not too bad of a cover, if you are in to Weezer."
] | [
"Scientology isn't as popular as they want you to think it is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Religion and Crime:"
} |
how do they make medicine that targets certain parts of the body? | [
"I know in some cases, the medicine molecules are coated in a protein. The protein acts as a sort of heat seeking missile, as the body detects and processes different proteins differently. Certain protein can be send molecules of medicine into the bloodstream, and straight to the heart."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are some websites browser specific, if their underlying code is based on a standardization, supported by most browsers (Google Earth on FF)? | [
"There are some specific tags that only specific browsers understand, there was a fair amount of Internet Explorer specific HTML and CSS years ago that wasn't part of the standard but IE implemented it. Other times you're relying on different implementations having different quirks, you made your page work with IE ... | [
"You know there has been a lot of version of html, like HTML5 or xHTML? There are also XML (which html is based upon) and SVG which uses almost the same syntax. Well the doctype is used by the browser to tell those apart, and interpret your file correctly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do I do my taxes? | [
"Hi! Just go onto h & r blocks website! It's literal and explains step by step. The documents you got from your employers are w-2 they have crucial information you need when you fill out your taxes such as employee number and of course how much you got paid that year and blah blah But no whatever was in that box th... | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
Please explain LI5 Einstein's special theory of relativity. | [
"Here is the 5year old theory: You and your brother are identical borns. When you are 20 years of age you take a rocket that flies at the speed of light, and depart from earth. On this rocket, you have a telescope equipped wich will allow you to monitor earth while you traval away from it. While you will travel 1 y... | [
"Newtonian is an estimation for when you don't want to use relativity. Newton is for macro. Quantum for the really small. But at the end of the day it's actually quantum vs relativity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why is taking a hot shower refreshing, but why is standing outside on a humid day miserable? | [
"Because you are wet and naked. Part of the unpleasantness of humidity is the way your sweat makes your clothes stick to you."
] | [
"You're washing yourself with warm water, which will actually drain your energy after a while. If you took a cold shower, you wouldn't feel tired after. Same reason why you feel tired after spending time in a jacuzzi, spa, or sauna"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do dying people "wait to go" so they can see their loved ones one last time? | [
"This is called confirmation bias. You don't remember the people who died without seeing certain members of their family. If a person is dying and being visited over a period of time by a number of their loved ones, the odds of them dying relatively close to one of those visits is pretty good. There have been multi... | [
"If you think about it, we really have no idea if they actually failed to wake up or not. All we know is they went to bed and we found them there in the morning. Professionally, I've had a lot of patients die, but none that weren't unconscious for a couple of days to begin with. I always put a heart monitor on end ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If First-Person view is me shooting faces in Counter Strike, and Third-Person view is me punching faces in Batman: Arkham Asylum, what is Second-Person view and why don't we use it? | [
"Second-person (if it exists as a media option) would be watching you punch your victim from the eyes of your victim."
] | [
"Believe it or not some people care more about if a game is enjoyable than if it looks good. I know I spend most of my gaming time playing games like Minecraft, Elder Scrolls 3-5 and old pokemon games, all of which may not look the greatest but damn are they fun. Video games should be about having a good time, that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The star HR 5171; a super massive binary star with it's "twin" in contact with it. | [
"Stars are made entirely of gas, so there are no solid surfaces to be in contact with each other. However, the fluid friction of their envelopes in contact will most likely *gradually* slow down their orbits until they merge and form one even larger star."
] | [
"A pulsar is formed from a collapsed giant star so no planet in orbit of the star will have life on it - _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are Tattoos permanent when skin cells constantly replace themselves? | [
"because its placed under the skin rather then the flaky outer cells"
] | [
"You don't actually die from old age. Most people die from Pneumonia or some other complication that has to do with aging. Bust basically your bodies cells are constantly dying. Your entire bone structure is replaced every 10 years. Your skin gets replaced roughly monthly. As you age you replace dead cells less and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about biology:"
} |
Why is the protein folded in a prion and why does that make it dangerous? | [
"Like Goosegoosepress said - almost all proteins are folded, which gives the protein a specific purpose or function. A prion is like a rebel without a cause protein. A prion will take other proteins, and either unfold them (which results in loss of function) or fold them differently. This most often effects protein... | [
"You need similar proteins to be susceptible to prion diseases. They cause a protein to mis-fold in a chain reaction that causes sticky aggregates of mis-folded proteins. If the prion does not have a similar protein to convert to its prion form, it cannot \"infect\" an individual. Are you sure that prion diseases d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can conspiracy to commit copyright infringement be a crime when copyright infringement is a civil matter? | [
"I'm not sure what you're asking. A law like that is no more difficult to pass than any other law; if it follows the standard approval process for laws, it's been passed."
] | [
"First thing, copyright infringement rarely carries a prison sentence. The punishment is usually a fine because it is usually a civil offence, not a criminal one. But, to answer your question, uploading unauthorized content to YouTube would carry a similar punishment to seeding the same content."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why would Dzokhar plead "not guilty"? | [
"All of these answers are wrong: At this point in the case, the prosecutors won't allow a 'guilty' plea. His preliminary plea is therefore automatically 'not guilty' (it being a capital crime, which means he killed someone). At a later point, when certain presentations of evidence or other clarifications of just wh... | [
"Because the onus is on the prosecution to prove you are guilty. If they fail to do so you are declared \"Not Guilty\" because guilt was not proved. You were not proven innocent, therefore you are not declared \"Innocent.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do earthworms dig? | [
"Earthworms eat the dirt and pass it through their body collecting the nutrients from decaying plant matter and leave little piles of worm poop at the top of the hole called castings."
] | [
"It could be worse. Some species of fish don't even touch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does music make us feel emotions? | [
"There is considerable debate as to whether or not the emotions we feel from music are even real. Here are a coupe of links I dug up a few months ago for some other thread: [One](_URL_2_) discusses a finding that the emotions from music are neurologically mediated by mirror neurons; meaning that they are not re... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If the solar system is moving, where is it going? | [
"Round and round the Galaxy. One orbit every 250 million years. Though movement is always relative."
] | [
"There is no universal rest state; there is only relative rest. My spaceship is moving, or not, relative to where I left and where I am going."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
When you turn on the turn signal in a car, why does it sound like the clicking noise is alternating between a higher and lower sound? Is it really alternating or is it just the brain creating an audio illusion? | [
"Turn signals originally were controlled by electromechanical relay under the dash. The clicking sound was that of the relay opening and closing based on a timing circuit. The slight differences in sound was the difference in sound made by the relay when it was opening or closing. Modern cars don't really need the ... | [
"Yep. Just a slight interruption in voltage. You'd never notice without the rhythm coming through the headphones, but it happens all the time. Try quickly plugging/unplugging your phone charger while listening to music with headphones; you'll likely hear the same click or tick. Like the other user pointed out, the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why would sticking a fork in a socket cause any current to go through you? Wouldn't the shortest path for the current to go from one leg of the fork to the other? | [
"In most situations it won't. Done correctly, at least. But consider this: You insert the fork crooked, so it touches the hot contact but not the neutral. The fork is now live, and is seeking a ground. You are standing on a concrete floor and not wearing any shoes. Zap! (Or leaning against something metal that has ... | [
"Electricity likes to go through the path of least resistance, a ground wire provides that. Ground wires don't carry current all the time, they simply provide a place for the electricity to go in the event of a short circuit, just for long enough to trip the breaker. In the event of a short, the electricity will mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why would it be ok for ISPs to sell your browsing information, but not ok for the NSA to spy on your browsing information? | [
"It is not ok. The people who support this do not have the interests of the consumer as their top priority."
] | [
"It's been passed by the House only. The Senate hasn't voted on it yet and President Obama has threatened to veto it if they do. Although, if it does, it will: * Allow the government to censor any \"cyberthreat\" online that it deems harmful. Neither \"cyberthreat\" or \"harmful\" of fully defined and extremely vag... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How was 50 Shades of Gray a bad protrayal of BDSM? | [
"BDSM should be safe, sane and consensual. Both partners should be agreeing to what boundaries they want to push, which ones they want to leave in place, and everybody involved should always be able to stop at any point during either through using no and/or a safeword (depending on what sort of scene you are doing)... | [
"Because we get tired of the lack of empathy when we're honest about our feelings. We put on a mask that is a caricature of the world we hate Source: I'm the life of the party weekly, and contemplate suicide several times a year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do submarine-launched missile get to the surface to a point where they can ignite? | [
"- The missile is contained in a special canister - When the missile is launched, the water rushing into the launch tube (combined with some high pressure air), pushes the canister to the surface - When it reaches the surface, the canister bursts open and the missile engine starts up - The missile does its thing"
] | [
"Seems difficult. You would have to shoot down the missile before it releases its payload. The ICBM doesn't just fly all the way to the target. It releases one or more vehicles containing the explosive - those are smaller and difficult to intercept. Luckily we have early warning radar which would give 15-30 minutes... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The difference between chamfered and beveled. | [
"Chamfer - a cut that is made in wood or some other material, usually at a 45° angle to the adjacent principal faces. A break in the corner. Meaning that the corner looks like it was taken off, and forms a flat area. Bevel - reduce (a square edge on an object) to a sloping edge. Like a chamfer, but encompasses the ... | [
"They often just didn't really. For small elevation changes, like irrigation, something like an Archimedes' screw."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How were engines and transmissions built "back in the day" (early to mid 1900s) | [
"They were built to lower tolerances and were more noisy, less efficient, less powerful, and less reliable."
] | [
"Steampunk uses aesthetics and technology from the Victorian era (mid to late 19th century), when steam power was prominent, while dieselpunk uses aesthetics and technology from between WWI and WWII (early to mid 20th century), when internal combustion engines were prominent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What does "fat burns in a carbohydrate flame" mean? | [
"To explain it very shortly: The body needs a molecule named pyruvate to burn fatty acids efficiently. The main source of pyruvate is glucose, which is a sugar. Most sugars can either be converted into glucose very easily, or be converted to pyruvate efficiently. The body can also convert fatty acids into pyruvate... | [
"What exactly do you mean? You are constantly using carbohydrates for energy, there is no start up time/period where you don't use carbohydrates. Is your question about the time it takes from ingesting food to using the carbohydrates contained in it specifically?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do scientist rationalize dimensions we can't observe or interact with(i.e. 4th, 5th, 6th dimension)? | [
"They don't. The theories about higher (e:spatial) dimensions are completely speculative, and most scientists do not take them seriously at all."
] | [
"A \"dimension\" can be thought of as a piece of information required to describe the position of something. In a 1-dimentional line, you only need a single piece of information to define a location (length, x). On a 2D surface, you need two pieces of information (length+width, x+y). In a 3D space, you need three (... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
when we suck in our stomach what's really happening? Like are my organs actually moving or is it just air? Why would I had so much air in my belly, shouldn't my organs be there, and doesn't air just go to your lungs? | [
"Your body is full if fluids alongside all of the organs, and yes some of your organs can slide around. When you suck in your gut, you can feel your ribcage expand. Some fluids move up into this area, allowing you stomach to appear smaller. Your organs will slide around a little, but unless you're using a tight cor... | [
"Its caused by fast contraptions in your diaphragm, a muscle that is right under your lungs. It supports their base and allows them to not fall down. When you breathe, eat etc you expand and release that muscle. And when you do it fast the muscle stays in a stretched position, not being able to relax itself (I can ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How was a horse drawn cart able to go down hill? Surely the weight of both the cart and driver would send the horse tumbling. If the cart did have brakes how were they made? If not then how was the horse able to support the weight going down hill? | [
"Carts were not towed by string, they were stiff wood. So the same way you can be pulling a stiff shopping cart behind you, a horse can pull a cart. Horses can support the weight of the cart on inclines and declines if it isnt too steep. IF you notice, old trails have very slight inclines, they sort of wrap around ... | [
"Because the wheels are more subject to gravity than your feet. When you step you can dig in, you are no longer fighting gravity anymore than normal. A wheel however can roll down. So instead of fighting gravity as normal, you have to fight against it trying to roll you down the hill."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's this red dot on AdviceAnimals? | [
"It's created by this bit of CSS {position:fixed;top:265px;right:1180px;z-index:1000;margin:0;padding:0;text-indent:-99999px;display:block;background:red;height:2px;width:1px} But, why it's there? Probably just to piss you off. Literally. I'm betting it's there just to annoy people."
] | [
"Yes to both your questions. See: Spy satellites."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does peeing after sex prevent UTIs? | [
"Peeing flushes out the urinary tract 'forcefully.' By doing so, you prevent all manner of 'bad stuff' (microbes, grit, grime, bacteria) from sitting there."
] | [
"Go see a doctor. You might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). You shouldn't have burning or pressure when you urinate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is Staten island so rundown and underdeveloped when it is so close to Manhattan? | [
"Well there are some apartment towers close to the ferry. But the reason it's not as developed (in the sense that it's not dense with taller buildings) as Manhattan, or even most of the rest of NYC, is that it wasn't very accessible until recently. The Brooklyn bridge was built in 1883 that connected Brooklyn to Ma... | [
"New jersey is a great place. Princeton is gorgeous. My friend's gf has a country house there and it's so cool. Thing is, no one actually \"goes\" to NJ. People drive through and the part of Jersey right next to the turnpike/I95 is so gross and industrialized. TL;DR Factories and warehouses spring up next to the h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does your stomach "drop"? how far do you have to fall for it to "drop"? | [
"By stomach drop, I am assuming you mean when you feel a floaty sensation in your stomach when you freefall. Most of your internal organs are not really 'locked' to your body. They just float around, dangling in the internal cavity. As such, their movement is mostly independent from your body, and have their own in... | [
"Locking your knees causes issues with blood flow which in turn causes you to pass out. You don't lock your knees when you're laying down so it doesn't really apply."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Is there are reason that most animals require a male and a female to breed? Wouldn't it make more sense of every animal in the species could reproduce on their own? | [
"A benefit is that you would get more genetic diversity, which is very important (or at least beneficial) to a population. If every species reproduced asexually - a ton do - the genetic diversity among the population would be very small. Sexual reproduction isn't the oldest kind of reproduction, obviously asexual r... | [
"Physical features have nothing to do with being a species. Being a part of the same species is defined as being able to breed and produce offspring that can then produce more offspring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the post about biology:"
} |
Does Google Maps (or any GPS system) calculate arrival time based on if you were doing the speed limit the whole time? | [
"Google and the other traffic apps use real time data from other users of the app. Imagine 30000+ Android users supplying data to Google at rush hour. That would lead to very exact travel times."
] | [
"They don't use JUST GPS. They also use cameras, sensors, and built in maps (and math). They are programmed to read signs, recognize pedestrians, keep an updated version of where they are on a map based on speed and direction, etc, etc..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do VPN companies not get sued for downloading illegal torrents? | [
"For the same reason syringe manufacturers aren't sued for enabling heroine users; these companies have perfectly legitimate uses for their services, it's not their fault that some of their users are abusing it for illegal purposes."
] | [
"Because the website doesn't hold the files themselves, it only holds a directory to find the torrents that are distributed across peoples computers around the world. Imagine Pirate Bay is a phone book. Even if the phone book is destroyed, the physical addresses still remain and can be found again by simply using a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that I'm more hungry in the morning if I eat right before bed? | [
"Your body goes into a fasting stage when you sleep but when you eat directly before bed it disrupts this. Also if you had a bunch of carbs your blood sugar would go up and crash."
] | [
"Don't know about you, but actually I am usually more hungry and do eat more after exercising."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When a lot of people die in one event, such as a natural disaster or 9/11, how do insurance companies pay everybody? | [
"To reduce risk from large disasters, insurance companies have their own insurance! It's called [\"reinsurance\"](_URL_0_), and it's a specialty field dominated by a few expert companies that don't sell ordinary insurance."
] | [
"Well, kind of. If you own a home, there's no telling when it will burn down. If you're a doctor, there's no telling when you'll be sued for malpractice, maybe even for something that you had no control over. Where you live, what happens when someone's house burns down? Are they left homeless and broke? Is anyone h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What prevents our bodies from decomposing while we're still alive? | [
"Decomposition is mostly the work of bacteria and fungi. Our immune system does a pretty good job of keeping them from doing that as long as we're alive."
] | [
"Bacteria is a tiny, single-celled organism. Bacteria can exist on its own in the world, or inside of other living things: plants, animals, you, me. Not all bacteria are bad, though, and we have beneficial bacteria living inside our bodies every day. Whereas Viruses are also microscopic beings, but they behave diff... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the situation in Somalia always so bad? | [
"Somalia had a civil war in the 1980's and since then has had no unified government. Somalia is ruled by different clans. Somalia is also very very poor. Now when you have a bunch of very poor people ruling themselves they will do pretty much whatever they can to survive, including crime and violence, lots of viole... | [
"Going back in time and preventing the Libyan Revolution is probably the only way to create peace within the next decade."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
–Why do I always see really popular AMA, like 5-7 hours after there posted. And never relatively soon on the front page? | [
"The front page takes recent, top posts from your subscribed subreddits. Logically, if the AMA is newish, it won't have that many votes. Therefore, it won't be a top post (although it is recent), and you won't find it on your front page."
] | [
"I find if funny that I saw this on my front page and with 4 upvotes and no comments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do most people cry when they are really angry? | [
"I have also read (I can't remember the source) that the limbic system, which is made up of many parts and is responsible for emotional processing, cannot tell the difference between being happy and sad, or in this case angry. It only recognizes the magnitude of emotion being felt and responds accordingly. With tea... | [
"so you can tell when your mom is really mad at you"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are a bakers dozen one more than an actual dozen? | [
"When a customer ordered a dozen of a product, bakers would make 13, rather than 12, so that if one of them turned out bad (smaller than the others, didn't cook properly, whatever) they'd still be able to deliver the order."
] | [
"I'm guessing it started as a twelve pack. 12 is a good number because if you have a party it could be split evenly if your party has 1 person attend 😢, 2 people attend... 3, 4, 6 or 12. It's why the Sumerians, Assyrians, and Babylonians had a base 12 numbering system. It's handy to be able to half, third or quart... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does a federal interest rate hike mean? | [
"The rate at which the Federal Reserve loans money to banks will go up, thus also causing the banks to raise the interest rates to the consumer. This would normally be done when the economy is doing well, as then there would be increased levels of inflation. This is mostly done to curb inflation."
] | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
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Why is cocaine ingested through the nose? Like, isn't there a better way to get it into the body? | [
"The mucus membrane is where cocaine and other powdered dry substances are most quickly delivered to the bloodstream and is most directly accessed via the nasal cavity."
] | [
"Chemicals dissolve in the mucus which coats most of the surface in the nose/back of throat. It can diffuse through the cells and enter your bloodstream directly. Same thing when you put something under your tongue, like lsd."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What jurisdiction does the USADA have to take away Lance Armstrong's 7 Tour de France titles? | [
"It's funny that all the runner-ups also got caught doping years later. so taking the titles from armstrong might award other dubious athletes."
] | [
"Tom Brady playing with his balls doesn't necessarily mean that the rest of the roster needs to be punished as well. The NCAA is a fan of vacating wins and titles, but that's extremely rare in the pro leagues. MLB teams don't lose old wins due to steroid allegations either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How are Christmas trees profitable | [
"Most are grown on farms similar to other crops. They are often trimmed and shaped through their growing process so that they maintain a more \"tradition looking\" Christmas tree shape, as opposed to the average fir or pine you might see growing wild. They are often planted in rotations and are used in more than j... | [
"Most of the vegetable bought at the store are not well ripe when picked up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is the benefit of making/using charcoal as opposed to regular wood? | [
"While wood has more potential energy, a lot of it is wasted evaporating/boiling water and other noncombustible impurities. By heating wood slowly in the absence of oxygen, these impurities are removed, leaving mostly the combustibles. This makes charcoal lighter, yet because it is porous and lacks the noncombustib... | [
"They use a type of oil. To make the smoke, it's heated - usually by injecting it into the exhaust."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do top chess players look so many moves ahead? | [
"Most of them don't look at all possible combinations. They only look for moves that they think are likely for an opponent (in a given position, this may be only one good move to as many as twenty). Also, they are familiar with particular positions. They know which positions to try to get to and which positions to ... | [
"I used to play a lot when I was in elementary school, and I even went out to national tournaments in Nashville, Philly, and Atlanta. There is nothing inherently important about chess nor does knowing how to play mean you are smart. However, being really good or a \"grand master\" requires insane amounts of patienc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Gödel's ontological proof | [
"Godel starts with a bunch of assumptions he hopes everyone will find obvious: * It is possible to determine if a property is good. * If a property is good, its opposite is not good. * Having all good properties is itself a good property. * A good property is *necessarily* good; that is, it's logically impossible f... | [
"Yes. That really depends on how you define dimension. Most fractal are non-integer dimension _URL_1_ Even with this new dimension. Normal things still have normal dimension, so it is a clean extension from our normal undersatnding of dimension"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does "Login via Facebook/Google/etc" work? How can it be secure to give away my credentials to random sites? | [
"The whole point of it is to make it more secure. You are not in fact giving your credentials to a random site, but instead, the random site is making an API call to google/facebook. and you then log in with a secure connection to your existing FB or google account. Then the google/fb API sends back the information... | [
"You gave a lot more than just a fake name and fake email, I'm afraid. For starters your IP address and possibly also your location would have been collected. There's also your browser fingerprint, cookies, advertising ID etc. I don't know for sure though Plus if you used the Facebook app to sign up, your contact... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
What does 20/20 eyesight mean? How can someone have better than 20/20 vision? | [
"It means you can see at 20ft what the average person with good eyesight can see at 20ft. 20/10 means you can see clearly at 20 ft what average person with good eyesight would need to see at 10ft to be clear. Meaning you have better than average sight. It's not strict objective numerical quantitative scale."
] | [
"0.0, -1.0, 2.0 are values for diopters. Those are the unit of myopia (or short-sightedness) and hyperopia (Far-sightedness). Myopia causes you to not be able to focus on things that are far away. I have Myopia myself, -3.0 diopters and I can't read things that are 1 meter away from me. Hyperopia is the contrary. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In Formula 1, why is there a Mercedes Team and a Williams-Mercedes Team? | [
"The Mercedes Team is the *factory* team, as in it's controlled and funded entirely by Mercedes the car manufacturing company. Williams Grand Prix Engineering is a privately-owned and funded team, it currently uses cars that use a Mercedes Engine, but the car is built by Williams to their own specifications. If th... | [
"Vettel's car was built by Renault, Red Bull GmbH provides a good portion of the funding but they're working with a major car manufacturer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Formula 1:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Formula 1:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Formula 1:"
} |
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