query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What are the disadvantages of masturbation? | [
"Only one I can think of is that you get use to the particular tighness (grip) of your hand and when you finally have sex with a girl, a vagina doesn't feel right or tight enough... thereby leading to the inability to climax or experience full enjoyment with that girl."
] | [
"How do you define your hints of schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does solar radiation work and what can exposure in space result in? | [
"The sun emits dangerous radiation (along with regular \"radiation\" called light and heat). The earth protects you though. If you go too far away though you will be in danger after long enough if you don't have sufficient protection. They didn't have sufficient protection on the trip to the moon, but it was a pret... | [
"Truthfully, we don't really know, that is part of the mission of the International Space Station. To monitor the effects long periods of weightlessness have on the human body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How did WW1 Fighter Planes keep from shooting their Propeller off? | [
"The gun was connected to a gear system with the propeller. It would stop the guns action when the propeller blade was moving in front of the gun."
] | [
"Big trucks have Big engines. Big engines make lots of heat. All cars and trucks have a part called a Radiator. The Radiator is where all the heat from the Engine goes. The Radiator is put just inside the front of the Car or Truck so the air can take the heat away as the Car or Truck drives. Big Trucks have Big eng... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Is it possible (and effective) for electrical impulses created by brain to recharge a battery? | [
"An action potential of a neuron has about 130 mV difference between its highest and lowest point. If you somehow manage to wire a lot of them together, you could get enough current and voltage to charge a battery. But I hardly doubt that this would be possible without causing severe damage to the unfortunate brain... | [
"Electrical current is involved when you use your muscles. The electric plaque used to produce high frequency (deadly) current is formed by a lot of muscular tissue that has lost its ability to contract in order to let the current flow through the next muscle (they are aligned). All those muscles act like tiny batt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
Since Queen Elizabeth doesn't use a passport when crossing international borders, does she use any sort of identification document? | [
"What I heard is that they arrange everything beforehand, so when the Queen travels to another country there's no need to going through immigration control and that kind of bureaucracy because it was already done."
] | [
"Yes but he isn't responsible for it. Instead it is usually a team from the State Department who is in charge of all the paperwork for his team that holds onto it for him. His passport has a black cover, and he doesn't have to pay any fees for it. His immediate family, certain top White House officials, and about 8... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What are the white, cloudy trails airplanes leave behind in the air? | [
"Airplanes use hydrocarbon fuel very similar to automobiles or even a wood fire. The chemical reaction which is happening turns some amount of oxygen and some amount of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) into carbon dioxide and water. While there are some additives in the fuel which result in chemicals which are har... | [
"It's not air pollution. It has to do with the way light refracts on particles in our atmosphere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the problem with a lot of consumer debt? | [
"Those are two very good reasons, as well as those you suggest I would say at it's core, it is rarely necessary. It encourages over spending. Interest on finance acts as a tax on impatience. Reducing spending power of the individual. It can lead to artificially inflated prices. Poor management of the debt can lead ... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What's Going on with the Dakota Access Oil Pipeline? How Valid Are the Protesters Concerns Regarding Clean Water? | [
"Protesters feel like the pipelines pose a risk to public health because they are going underneath water supplies and a leak would be damaging to public health. In addition, they are protesting that the pipelines go through areas they claim are culturally and spiritually significant to the Standing Rock Sioux. Pipe... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Did fruits with seeds outside (like strawberries) evolve from fruits with seeds inside (like oranges), or was it the other way around? | [
"Fruits of various types are actually formed from several different parts of the plant and it's flower, and other than the ovaries producing seeds fertilized from a flower, there have been multiple evolutionary paths leading to \"fruit\". A strawberry is a type of \"aggregate fruit\", each \"seed\" is actually an i... | [
"For some plants, only the *unripe* fruit is poisonous. For those plants, it's to keep animals from eating the fruit until the seeds are mature enough."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
What is really happening when I get the "wind knocked out" of me? | [
"A sudden blow to your solar plexus nerve bundle causes a spasm in your diaphragm, paralyzing it temporarily. Your diaphragm is the muscle that pulls your lungs open to draw air in. With the diaphragm in spasm it cannot move which makes it very difficult to inhale causing lack of oxygen, pain and often panic."
] | [
"you feel powerful, and theirs no risk of someone punching you in the face."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are car colors so dull? | [
"Neutral colors are going to appeal to the widest audience. Bright colors can be found but they're the exception to the rule - most people tend to gravitate toward something more subdued."
] | [
"why are their tax rates so much higher?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:"
} |
Why is poop almost always brown? | [
"Most of your feces is actually dead blood cells. These blood cells break down and release their hemoglobin, which catabolizes (\"decays,\" essentially) into a yellow-brown substance called bilirubin."
] | [
"The white stuff is pee, the darker thicker stuff is poop. They do both at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What you be the effect on the ecosystem if Mosquitos just disappeared. | [
"A simple Google search found this _URL_0_ Apparently it would be rather good for us as humans if they were wiped off the Earth. Other organisms would fill their place as collateral. The only issue is that more than 50% of migratory birds (that rely on them as food) in the tundra could die. Also, I think it said th... | [
"The bacteria fungus and all other manner if creatures eat you, your energy transfers to them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are municipal employees so mean? Specially the ones that work in office buildings, such as Tax, Zoning and Construction offices. | [
"Theyre the face of the heartless bureaucracy known as government. You might be nice to them but theres three angry people behind you and two in front of you. Those angry people will unload their bullshit onto someone with 0 power to really help them and the workers can do little to nothing to stop it."
] | [
"Police officer and Deputy are pretty much the same job, at least in Nevada where I live. The only difference is a Police Officer is employed by a city, where as a Deputy is employed by the county. A Sheriff is the chief law enforcement at the county level, so a Deputy (Or Deputy Sheriff) works for the Sheriff. She... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is water reflective? | [
"Pretty much everything is reflective. If it wasn't it would be pitch black. The smoother a surface is, the more perfectly it reflects light. Still water is pretty smooth."
] | [
"Association through history. Water is blue. Water is also (usually) cool. Fire is red. Fire is also hot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does female ejaculation sometimes look clear and sometimes look white? | [
"The clear ejaculate is urine. The white creamy ejaculate is urine with a little bit prostate specific antigen, which is excreted from the Skene glands, and other substances from the female prostate. Prostate specific antigen helps sperm swim better to increase the chances of a woman getting pregnant. We aren't sur... | [
"Urine has waste in it, namely urea. Its yellow. Urine also has water in it. The higher the water percentage in your urine, the more like water it looks. So hydrate well and it will be clear, eat lots of salt and dont drink enough and it will be yellow. If it is red then go to a doctor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:"
} |
What are the roles/duties of Queen Elizabeth II? Does she possess any real political power? Is her position mainly honorary in nature? | [
"She gives Royal Assent to any laws passed by Parliament (as do the Governors General elsewhere in the Commonwealth, such as Canada). No bill passed by Parliament actually becomes a law until she signs it. That said, her signature is basically guaranteed; she isn't likely to usurp the authority of Parliament. Her n... | [
"Most countries have a head of state and a head of government. The head of government is usually called a Prime Minister, because a minister serves the head of state (president or monarch). So, in Canada, there is a Prime Minister who serves the Queen. In France, there is a Prime Minister and a President, because ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do your veins stay in place? | [
"> everyone has veins in their hands but how do those veins stay in your hands as you grow olde? Blood vessels are embedded in tissue which keeps them in place. Each vessel has an outer layer called the \"tunica externa\" which anchors it to the surrounding tissue and organs"
] | [
"Because blood isn't moving just through the veins. There are other types of blood vessels, too. The ones that reach every part of your body are called \"capillaries\", and they're basically really tiny blood vessels that are present pretty much everywhere in your body. Your veins and arteries are much larger, whic... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we just eradicate mosquitoes and stop all the diseases they spread. | [
"We're working on it. Eradicating a species as invasive as the mosquito isn't exactly easy. Can't exactly just spray pesticide everywhere."
] | [
"Yes, it teaches you to stay the hell away from mosquitoes, the single deadliest animal on Earth for humans."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some mobile phones have a replaceable battery and some don't? | [
"I suspect it's down to size. Adding clips and removable backs. Adding battery contacts etc are much harder than just a small snap on connection that never moves. It probably helps sell more phones as when your batteries dead your probably going to buy a new phone rather than try and get into an iPhone."
] | [
"So basically, your phone may shut off its components, but like a computer motherboard, there is a little battery *specifically* used to keep time even when the phone or iPod is powered off. So, yeah. What kind of iPod do you have by the way? I have a 4th gen touch, and it does not keep track when it dies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does cooking meat provide more energy? | [
"The body breaks down the food we eat into its basic nutrients, such as breaking complex proteins down into simple amino acids. This process requires energy, which the body needs to supply if it's going to do this on its own. Cooking food helps break down the nutrients prior to us consuming them, which means the bo... | [
"Calories are the amount of energy your body can extract from an item of food. Water does not provide energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is the sound quality at a drive through so bad? | [
"You mean like the speaker to talk to the guy taking the order? There isn't any incentive to make it good quality. it's not like your rocking out to some heavy metal through it. You're just talking to the guy. If you can understand the words the quality is fine enough."
] | [
"Compared to everything else at the time, they looked pretty much the same. Also, you're probably watching on a much nicer screen now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does whisky appear more oily when I add a bit of water to it? | [
"Engineer here: The different densities of the whisky and the added water are the cause. Fluids of different densities have got a different refraction index and cause penetrating light to refract at a different angle at the boundary layers, where the fluids aren't mixed yet. This creates that \"swirls\", which are ... | [
"Adding water to whisky will cause more of the flavors to be released, so most people like it. Chilling whisky makes it taste less, but it also makes it burn less so some people like it (but it's still a crime to do it to a good whisky). Ice chills and adds water at the same time. Now, vodka should be kept in the f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Food and Beverage:"
} |
EU and the USA are pretty equal economically. Why do all USA major cities have massive skyscrapers while Europe has little to none. | [
"The European are generally a lot older than the US and in most cases the local government works to protect the classic skyline rather than build massive skyscrapers that block the view. If you go outside of the central older parts of town you'll start seeing bigger buildings. For example Rome, that city is thousan... | [
"The north of UK may be colder, but the south (and by south I mean London) has all the money with which it can knock down and build new buildings. But now we're at a point where old buildings are protected. Plus there's the fact that the south is closer to Europe, and got bombed in WWII pretty bad. And anyway, ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How would the US nationalize oil/natural gas? What would happen to the companies who are producing oil on US soil/US waters? | [
"> How would the US nationalize oil/natural gas? They'd pass a law requiring the owners of oil and gas firms in the US to sell or turn over their assets to the government. > What would happen to the companies who are producing oil on US soil/waters. They'd be owned by the government rather than their private owner... | [
"If the Saudi Arabian oil market fails, the Saudi government will too, so it could have major geopolitical consequences. If US oil producers, it would mostly be a short term economic slowdown. But when oil prices go back up, companies will start drilling again. Unlike Saudi Arabia, where it's just one state-owned c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why soldiers tap their magazines on their helmet before loading their rifle. | [
"USMC infantry Marine here, we do it in real life, it's to ensure all the rounds are seated all the way back in the magazine. It helps properly feed the rounds into the chamber avoiding any jamming. Technically you shouldn't do it on your Kevlar, or helmet, but whatever works."
] | [
"So in ELI5 language, on the civilian AR-15, when you pull the trigger you get one pew. Not an assault rifle. Most civilian guns are 1 pew guns. On a real assault rifle, you have a switch that allows you to choose between 1 pew, sometimes 3-pews, and finally many-pews. So, when you have 3-pews selected, every time ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did blockbuster movies in the 60-70 era have better quality video than news broadcastings at that time? | [
"Movies are filmed in conditions where the production crew have control over the environment. They can light it properly, use large-format cameras, they can process the film carefully and have dozens of goes at getting it right. Reportage is done with small format cameras by a small harassed crew operating under di... | [
"The visual quality did not go down. Most likely, the average quality of videos has gone up, and now that you have other videos to compare the old ones to, you will notice the flaws of the earlies ones. You should be prepared to experience that again and again. I'm 34, and if look at the video games I used to play... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is a typeface? And how is it different than a font? | [
"**Typeface** – A set of fonts in the same style. Or, in other words, a font family. Ex: Times New Roman, Helvetica, or Arial. **Font** – A single kind of typeface. Ex: Times New Roman in 10 point size is a font, and Times New Roman in 14 point size is also a font. Times New Roman in Bold is also a font. (Basically... | [
"There was a time when changing a font wasn't as simple as Ctrl-A right click. It meant changing mechanical parts and retyping the whole document again. So when you picked a font, you pretty much stuck with it. Times New Roman was commissioned by a British newspaper (*The Times*, naturally), who wanted a serif font... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are stores often in need of coins? Where do all the coins being made even go if they are not in circulation? | [
"I don't typically carry coins. I would imagine I am not in the minority on this. I pay for something with cash, I get coins back as change. These end up being thrown in a jar in my house until I end up taking them to the bank and exchanging them for bills to repeat the process. Stores go and get rolls of coins (Ed... | [
"They give it to banks to put in their ATMs and hand out to people when they make withdraws. I imagine various government agencies need cash from time to time as well so maybe some makes it into circulation that way?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do freshwater fish naturally occur in small isolated ponds and streams? | [
"Ducks and herons feed in shallow water. As they are feeding, fertilized eggs cling to their feathers and feet. As they go about their day they stop at various water spots, transferring the fertilized eggs into a pond or stream that previously had no fish. It would only take a few eggs to start a new population."
] | [
"Cold water can hold on to more oxygen than warm water so more life can grow and thrive in colder waters."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are car speedometers inaccurate? | [
"They are usually quite accurate. Smaller or underinflated tires will make it read high and larger tires will make it read low. Compare your tire size with the specified tires for your vehicle. That info (and the recommended pressure) is usually found inside the driver's door frame. GPS responds too slowly, and as... | [
"Too expensive, little or no benefit. The people that benefit from metric (scientists, engineering) already switched over long ago. For everyone else: Does it really matter if the speed limit is in mph or kph? Are you having trouble converting the speed limit to feet per second on a daily basis? No? Then we're fine... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How are people making money by posting youtube videos? | [
"Advertising. Those who qualify can become YouTube partners and receive a cut of the ad revenue their videos generate for YouTube."
] | [
"Creating content other people enjoy? Why are movies a thing? What do the creators get out of it? Why is youtube a thing? What do the creators get out it? Why (was) vine a thing? That's probably the more direct western analogue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do I have to press shift to type a "?" It's on the same key as "/" which I use about once a month. | [
"I can't answer your question, but I use the / key dozens of times a day, every day. The choice had to be made at some point, and that was what \"they\" chose."
] | [
"There are a lot of symbols not on a standard (US) keyboard that are fairly common to use (like, say, the symbol for the Euro). The number of keys on the keyboard have been pretty static over the years, only occasionally increasing (but usually to add functionality from the computer, rather than adding more symbols... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why hockey refs fake a puck drop during a face off? | [
"So that players who try to anticipate the drop and thus start their swing faster don't get an advantage. They are supposed to wait until the puck is dropped to start their swing."
] | [
"In regular ice hockey that guy is also the time keeper. He manages the board that shows time left in period, shots on goal, score and penalties. He also records the game sheet. When a player scores the refs come to the time keeper and tell him who got the goal and who assisted it, and it gets recorded on a piece o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What would happen if we *lowered* the minimum wage? | [
"Statistically speaking, minimum wage by state and unemployment aren't strongly correlated. Basically, when it comes to employment, the wage itself is just one part of the equation. There are more outliers than there are consistent trends. Some places with low/no minimum wage have low unemployment, some have high. ... | [
"Because being employed is no guarantee of being able to afford food, shelter, and other basic necessities. You can look to any number of threads talking about raising the minimum wage for more details."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How come drugs are found in urine much longer than in blood, when urine is filtered out of blood? | [
"Imagine you have a pool ful of warter and you throw a special kind of colouring in there which turned the water red. Suppose you have a filter which removes the colouring from the pool, and jettersons it out. At first the pool would be bright red so you could just look at it and see that someone threw the colourin... | [
"Two reasons: First, much of the substance is excreted out of your body. They are testing for what small amounts are left over. The concentrations in your body are very very small, and not enough to make you feel any effects, but can still be detected. Second, depending on the drug, they are not always testing dire... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why was Latin chosen as the main scientific language? | [
"For a long time, it was the primary language of anyone who knew how to write in much of Europe thanks to the Catholic Church and it's monks. From this , it took on not only an official feeling. But also was a language that educated people across Europe would understand."
] | [
"A language is considered dead when no population uses it for day to day communication. Vulgar Latin simply evolved into other languages. Classic Latin was never really used for day to day stuff, but for higher pursuits, like literature, philosophy, and law. and that probably waned with the printing press."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is the Cubs winning such a big deal? | [
"They had the longest championship drought in major American sports history. By a whole bunch. It's over. Big deal."
] | [
"It's not about winning. It's about sending a message."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is the 'Archer's Paradox'? | [
"The paradox is you need a flexible arrow to be accurate, but you need a stiff arrow to be accurate. You need a stiff arrow in order for it to be accurate because the flex of the arrow in flight changes the flight path. But you also need a flexible arrow in order for the arrow to get around the bow itself. If the a... | [
"Alternative title: \"Explain Like I'm 5 the experience of being 5.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Before we had things like modern medicine, how did we know what foods were poisonous or not | [
"Trial and error. We've had tens of thousands of years to learn which foods are poisonous and we've passed this information on through the generations."
] | [
"A few reasons. You see, alcohol is fairly easy to make, so it can be invented in many different areas all over the world, unlike complicated designs or techniques which did not leave their area of origin in the ancient world. In the ancient world there were very few effective water purification systems like we hav... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about History:"
} |
Context and meaning behind the lyrics of the Cranberries song Zombie. | [
"The song references Anglo-Irish conflict over Northern Ireland In particular Zombie appears to have been written in memory of the deaths of 2 children in Warrington (England) as a result of Irish Republican Army ([IRA](_URL_1_)) bombings (see [Warrington Bomb Attack](_URL_2_)). The line referencing \"the same ol... | [
"/u/CptBuck on Belly Dancing, \"The Streets of Cairo\" and late 19th century world fairs will probably interest you: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are fish kept on ice vs being put in a fridge | [
"Ice is cheap, and fish are fine with the concept of getting their outsides wet. You can't sell steaks on ice, because the outside of a steak is the insides of a cow and it's not supposed to get soaked in water. Fish live in water, so they are pre-made with water-friendly outsides. Refrigerators need doors, or lots... | [
"Your fridge doesn't freeze your food but it keeps it at a low enough temperature that it doesn't spoil for some time. Clean, sanitized, temperature controlled containers ensure that the bacteria that starts the decomposition of meat in general is slowed down or stopped completely. Plus the process of shipping food... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are tariffs bad for the economy? | [
"They raise the cost of the tariffed goods, which raises the cost of living. For most good that are imported import substitution is not a viable option. But even if a domestic company decided to make the good, it would still have a higher price, which is why it wasnt manufactured here in the first place. Raising th... | [
"You can't file bankruptcy on student debt. It's good for the banks, not you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do dead bodies float? | [
"As a body decomposes, bacteria consume the internal organs and produce gases. After a while, there's enough trapped gas per kilo of solids to make the body less dense than water and thus buoyant."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it that people in Venezuela say they can't buy basic stuff like shampoo and toilet paper locally, yet I see a lot of Venezuelan nationals on vacation usually in a shopping spree in Florida? Doesn't make sense to me.. | [
"There is a supply shortage in Venezuela. It isn't that the people don't have money, it's that those items can't be found in the country. Venezuelans have to stand in hours long lines just to buy basic staples like flour. The only way to get luxuries like shampoo and deodorant is from the black market for insane pr... | [
"There are \"large\" grocery stores in the city, but not as large. None the size of malls. Maybe the size of a \"large store\". Or a basement, in the case of a Whole Foods. You either buy groceries more frequently so that you carry less each time... Or get one of those infamous granny carts so you can haul your loa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does a for profit software company prevent unauthorized code use on a software product that they have open sourced (e.g. Epic Games with Unreal Engine 4)? | [
"Yes, source code has a signature. There are a small number of compilers (programs which take c++ source and produce binary output) and very few people have the time or money to modify them in any significant way. So I would say that for significantly large pieces of code, you would be able to show that a binary ca... | [
"* Equipment to develop the game on. * Employee salaries (artists, programmers, writers, etc.). * Constant costs (office space, rent, power, etc.) * Licensing fees (many games use already-created game engines); Ogre3D, Source Engine, etc * Bandwidth/Distribution/Marketing costs Just a few."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is deer meat described as “gamey”? What does “gamey” mean? | [
"The gamy flavor is a mineraly, musty, musky, dank, flavor that comes from the fat. I don't know what compounds contribute to the flavor, but that's where you're going to find the greatest concentration. Lean venison contains the same compounds but in far, far less concentration and thus is itself delicious. Trim a... | [
"There are a few of different reasons. One is the fat content, the second is how the meat is prepared, another is the location on the animal that the meat comes from. You can even taste that last factor with other meats, like chicken. Compare the taste of a chicken breast (white meat) to a chicken thigh (dark meat)... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In a country where suicide is illegal, how is the lawbreaker punished? | [
"They aren't. A successful suicide isn't something where the offender can be punished. Attempted suicide is a crime in some places, though."
] | [
"These sentences are generally passed down to those convicted of particularly heinous crimes in the eyes of the state. These usually include homicides and the like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Law and Justice:"
} |
how come kitchen sinks arent made out of porcelain, like bathroom sinks are? | [
"If you drop a saucepan in a bathroom sink, you will find the sink will damage very quickly (more than likely will chip - just like the old steel/porcelain baths did). To get the strength (and look - i.e. you don't want stainless steel) you could go for a belfast sink, or quartz/corian, but the cost will be very ex... | [
"i.e., why aren't they permanently attached? You want the toilet bowl to be ceramic. Resistant to stains, non-porus to bacteria, and can withstand the weight of even OP's mom. However, ceramic can be cold and generally you don't want cold on your tushie. Plus, you can customize your toilet seat, have a wood one, a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are products made in China considered of lesser quality than other products, when everything is made there? | [
"There are differences in products produced in China according to US or EU standards and products produced in China according to Chinese standards. EU and US forbid the usage of some chemicals and such, whereas many Chinese manufacturers produce the same goods for other markets without holding onto these standards.... | [
"Country of origin labelling applies to anything imported into the US. Check your clothing tags for example. These labels are required by the FTC for the US, and serve for consumer information and trade reason. It can be both a positive or negative labelling. For manufactured goods, made in China is usually frowned... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do so many Hollywood celebrities join Scientology? | [
"People are suggesting all these celebrity psychology factors, when really... it's tax reasons. Religions in the USA are tax-exempt. So if you're a rich celebrity: 1. You have a lot of money. 2. 'Charitably donate' all your money to the cult (and 'level up' in the cult). 3. This counts as a big tax writeoff, b... | [
"Considering other things celebrities swear by, such as Scientology, I wouldn't waste my time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Volkswagen used a "defeat device" to detect when their cars are being tested and reduce NOx emissions. Why not leave it running all the time? | [
"Because the software re-tuned the engine to use far less fuel than it normally does which results in it producing far less power than advertised. If it was on all the time no one would buy the cars because they would be extremely expensive, under powered cars that while extremely efficient are not practical for ev... | [
"Emissions. The car companies have to produce vehicles that meet certain emissions standards. In many parts of the country there is no smog testing after you own the vehicle so you are,free to do what you want."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
American "canvassing" and the whole "ground game" in elections, its purpose and efectiveness. | [
"I've worked for an MP in the UK. We have the same things here too. It's not just to get leaflets through doors, there is a massive effort in the last week to GOTY - Get Out The Vote - which is about ensuring that your voters come out on election day. How do you know who your voters are? Your canvassing operation ... | [
"There is no point to the presidential popular vote but knowledge. It has no constitutional power."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about history:"
} |
Who controls the internet, and can it be shutdown? | [
"There are too many players involved now for it to be feasibly \"shut down\". The Internet is cross-connected all over the place. Particular companies could cut their connections, and cause a good deal of damage, but to stop the entire Internet would take a global agreement of many parties. The most disruptive thin... | [
"Because believe it or not it affects what goes on around you. The amount of tax you pay, the amount of social assistance, whether or not wars both foreign and domestic occur. Look at what just happened with net neutrality. Had that not passed your Internet could be slowed down considerably while giving corporation... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does my cat know to wake me up exactly 25 minutes before my alarm goes off, regardless of what it is set for? | [
"It could be that after [x] amount of time asleep, your body is preparing to wake up (going into lighter sleep stages) and your cat hears the change in breathing. Whether my husband works days or nights our cat starts nuzzling him, whether or not an alarm is set."
] | [
"People can know how long they sleep. 8 times out of 10, if I decide I need to wake up at a specific hour and set the alarm clock, I will wake up a few minutes before the alarm goes off. This happens only when I feel that it's important, though. So if I have a plane I need to catch, or some meeting. With daily stu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about History:"
} |
Do any animals besides humans find enjoyment in listening to music? | [
"I think it would be really hard to qualify \"enjoyment\" in many species but I would imagine you could see changes in behavior linked to the music- start playing it and seeing a head bob in a parrot for example. But even we can't really qualify how we enjoy or choose our musical tastes you know? I know there was ... | [
"Because singers reach a much more broad audience. The average person doesn't turn on scientific lectures in their car when they drive to work. It's all about exposure and the amount of interest people have to go and learn about things on their own."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why dump truck companies aren't liable for damages caused by rocks and things that aren't properly secured in the back of their truck? | [
"> Why dump truck companies aren't liable for damages caused by rocks and things that aren't properly secured in the back of their truck? They are. Any sign that says otherwise is bogus, and is merely at attempt to: 1. Get you to follow at a greater distance, thus reducing the chance of any damage. 2. Dissuade you ... | [
"Construction areas can be confusing, especially at night. People have a habit of following dump trucks off the pavement into the work area because the truck is well lit, visible, and moves like he knows where he needs to be. Source: I drive gravel trucks for a road crew in the summers"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How exactly is the Muslim ban unconstitutional when things like the Chinese Exclusion Act were never deemed unconstitutional (yet repealed for other reasons)? | [
"There has not yet been a court ruling on any of the actions taken so far. Its not unconstitutional, because no one has said it isn't. Something becomes unconstitutional when a court deems it so. The court has not yet heard this case, as such, they have made no decision"
] | [
"> but how is that remotely possible anno 2016? Well, they can pass a bill saying whatever they want, as long as enough of the legislators are agreed. If by 'possible' you mean \"actually successfully ban sodomy\" it's not, at least in the long term. In the short term I suppose an extremely creepy peeping-tom law e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When somebody loses weight, how does the fat leave the body? | [
"You breathe and urinate it out. Fat is a complex molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Your body breaks these down into carbon dioxide (which is breathed out) and water (which is urinated or sweated out)."
] | [
"You don’t burn fat from a specific area, you burn fat in the opposite order that they are stored. And the belly turns out to be the first storage point of it, making it the last place that sheds off the layer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Businesses with double entry doors, why do you always keep one locked? | [
"Because they unlock using different methods. One door is locked in place with latches at the top and bottom of the frame while the other has a key lock which slots into the other door. Opening the regular door is easy and necessary to enter at all but the other might require a screwdriver, tool, or just flipping r... | [
"Well larger doors make it a lot easier to move office furniture around, why would they be needlessly small if a larger door fits? As for the stickers, do you have examples?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How are there so many distinct British accents despite the relatively small size of the UK? | [
"Firstly, we've had a lot longer to develop dialects than the US. We have been using (and abusing) the language since before the US was colonised. Also you must remember that our population is made up of indigenous people (the Celts) and invaders. Scottish, Welsh and Irish dialects and slang have been influenced b... | [
"Australians have an Australian accent. Also, the American accent is closer to the British accent of the 1700's than the current British accent. Accents evolve over time when populations become separated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If I use 2FA and my gmail password is stored on my phone (as I don't want to type it every time), then 2FA only makes sense if I configure a password or fingerprint to unlock my phone? Correct? | [
"Security is a bit more complicated. The idea of using two factors is because even if one factor can be attacked people can still not authenticate as you. You likely already have two factor authentication for your phone messages. You need both the phone (sim card) and your unlock code. However between your phone an... | [
"Yes. If someone steals your 2nd step authentication, they could authenticate as you. For example, if someone steals your phone or your physical authenticator, then they dont need your password. The entire point of 2 step auth is that even if one mechanism is compromised, they cant get into your account."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
the flu and cold defeat vaccination by mutating into different strains, but major diseases like polio, whooping cough and measles can be eradicated by vaccines | [
"What we perceive as the common cold and the flu are actually a number of viruses, approximately over 200 different viruses with almost the exact same symptoms. Meanwhile other diseases like polio are only one virus. Meaning to eliminate polio you need to create only vaccine. With the common cold, you have to creat... | [
"> Can't our body's immune system just deal with antibiotic-resistant bacteria by also making us immune to them? Yes we can, to some degree. And that's what vaccines are for. Stuff like tuberculosis, tetanus, and whooping cough are all caused by bacteria and vaccines make our body produce antibodies to fight off th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Microbiology:"
} |
When you listen to your favourite song for so long you start to hate it, what is going on in the brain? | [
"It's the musical version of [ semantic satiation](_URL_0_) *\" ..a psychological phenomenon in which repetition causes a word or phrase to temporarily lose meaning for the listener, who then perceives the speech as repeated meaningless sounds.\"* The human brain is always craving fresh input, so subjecting it to ... | [
"I think it depends on many factors. Some of them might be: The compatibility of the emotion of the music with your mood at the time Your personal liking for that style of music The artists' skill The quality of reproduction, if recorded The feelings of people around you For music to affect you as you describe, unl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:"
} |
How did we decide in PEMDAS as the proper order of operations? | [
"Parenthesis go first because you need a way to specify an order when the default order is incorrect (or you just want to be explicit). From there it's entirely convention, but the convention isn't without reason. One thing that winds up showing up a lot in mathematics is a polynomial, such as x^2 - 4x + 3. Ideally... | [
"P vs B is Bracket vs Parenthesis. Essentially meaning the same thing. Someone pedantic in linguistics may say that brackets refers to square brackets ( **[** and **]** ), whereas parentheses refers to rounded ones ( **(** and **)** ). MD vs DM is just pronunciation issue. Multiplication and division are the same o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
RE: Reporters / paparazzi who follow people around despite their clearly expressed wishes not to. Is that legal? | [
"From what I know of US law, celebrities and public officials lose some level of privacy simply by being in the public eye. So yeah, people can just follow them around. But those people aren't allowed to break any laws, like burglarize the celebrity's home or whatever, and a celebrity's bodyguard might deter some p... | [
"> real scaring of unsuspecting people Unlikely to be illegal just on its own if no physical or long-term emotional harm was caused. However, depending on the nature of the prank it could be interpreted as a breach of the peace, which would be illegal. > police impersonation Impersonating a police officer is a cri... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In movies and TV shows (like Game of Thrones) archers sometimes light their arrows on fire. Did this really happen? And if so, what is the benefit? | [
"Yes they were actually used. Often they were to set fire to wooden buildings during a siege, light boats on fire in sea warfare, also for burning enemy equipment such as primitive artillery, and for burning down the tents they were camping in. Furthermore, an arrow may not pierce armor or a horse's skin. Having th... | [
"Semi-realistic. Though they gloss over the downsides of walking around with a giant flaming ball of pitch on the end of a stick. Most people who could afford artificial light would use candles, lamps, or lanterns for obvious reasons. They are more economical and a lot less messy. So depictions you see of, for exam... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why would my plate be "extremely hot" when my servers hands me it? | [
"Plates can be extremely hot when they're fresh out of an industrial dishwasher. In some cases, certain dishes are plated prior to being placed under a broiler. But usually, it's because they've been sitting in the window under the heating element for a few minutes while waiting for the rest of your table's order ... | [
"Yes, because something that hot will be heating your arm hot enough to burn you. It doesn't matter if you can get the signal from your finger or not if the rest of your arm and body is on fire."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why if I workout regularly and I miss a couple days i'm suddenly unfit as hell? | [
"so many variables can affect your performance. Sleep, diet, stress, etc. Depending on the type of routine you are doing you might not be giving your body enough recovery time working out every day."
] | [
"It's not just boxers that have it rough, as you get older it's harder for everybody to loose weight. You body behaves differently and metabolism slows down. I used to be able to drop 2-3kg (5lb) in a week by just thinking about it, now I need to eat different and it will take me 2-3wks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The NDAA signed into law on 2012, 2013, and 2014 allows for the indefinite detention of US citizens in certain cases. How is this not nullified by Article 1 of the Constitution? | [
"[Article 1](_URL_1_), section 9 of the Constitution: > The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, **unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.** Since the NDAA requires someone be declared an enemy combatant to be detained (at least in theory), that fal... | [
"This guy Medallin got convicted of murder in Texas. As part of his appeal his legal team used the argument that he was denied certain rights. The rights that he was denied were not actually guaranteed by the US Constitution, they were rights that were spelled out in certain treaties (namely Optional Protocol, the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the USA have contingencies for scenarios that are virtually impossible in any real world situation? | [
"Do you wanna be in a country who isn't ready for the apocolypse or the zombie invasion?"
] | [
"Because the USA has two borders in North America, neither with a country with the will or power to take them on militarily. Short of having another civil war, how is the USA supposed to have a war on its own soil? Non-civil wars are by definition 'foreign'."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do games on PC/phone crash sometimes but they almost never do that on a PS or an XBOX? | [
"They defintelty do crash on console, but it's less likely. It's the same as apps for Windows/Android vs macOS/iOS, optimization. Console game makers know exactly what machine will be running their games. For Windows/Android, there are countless configurations, so it is virtually impossible to optimize the game for... | [
"Think of an Xbox vs a PlayStation to be like a PC vs a Mac. You can't run Mac software on a PC and you can't run PC software on a Mac. The same problem occurs on an Xbox vs PlayStation. They just don't speak the same \"language\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about videogame development:"
} |
How do speakers create different noises at the same time? | [
"It's done by adding the sound waves together. Adding waves sounds strange, but it happens all the time. This is exactly what happens when you talk to me at the same time as I'm listening to music. You can see in [this image](_URL_0_) how three different sound waves are added together. It creates a much more comple... | [
"Sound is a frequency, how many times something happens in a second. If you make the same number of that something happen in less than a second, it gets a higher frequency. Higher frequency = higher pitch"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How video games work from a code perspective. | [
"Isn't nearly every program a big while(1) loop? A word processor, for example: While(1) If key pressed then process key End while A game is no different in that respect. It's what's inside that loop which makes it the game it is. (Although in both cases, the while loop is more likely to be part of the opera... | [
"Programmer is to construction worker as software engineer is to architect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do we wave our hands when we say goodbye? | [
"Explanation through argumentation: Describe to me a better way to communicate a message from a distance with as low a chance of misinterpretation. The evolution of a wave as the best way to catch attention from a distance to a method of communicating awareness of the existence of the other (to greet or to farewel... | [
"Why do British people say mate or git?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How was the internet made? Like how did they discover coding, etc? | [
"Computers predate the internet by several decades, but the origins of the internet can be traced back to a US Military project in the 1960's called Arpanet. They wanted to see if they could get computers to communicate with each other. The first data packet was sent from a computer at UCLA to one at Stanford in 19... | [
"Because now we have the technology to do so."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What happened to cloning, stem-cell research etc.? | [
"Cloning is not particularly newsworthy anymore unless you try to clone humans, which people aren't really trying to do. Stem cell research is going strong. There are entire scientific journals and conferences devoted to it. The hyperventilating morons of cable news can't find anything to hyperventilate about on t... | [
"Correct me if I'm wrong, but gay rights *are* civil rights."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does optical zoom work? Like a scope on a sniper's rifle for example. | [
"You know how a magnifying lens lets you see things closer? By using several different kinds of lenses you can bend light outwards to make an image appear bigger (zoomed in) Here's a digram showing how [a zoom lens works](_URL_3_), this diagram shows a camera but if you replace the last lens (the \"focussing elemen... | [
"Have you tried using your phone's camera to take a picture of the moon? Now imagine taking a photo of something a billion times farther. It isn't that hard, but needs some very potent equipment, like the Hubble telescope."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about astronomy:"
} |
People are afraid to eat raw eggs, but mayonnaise is essentially just eggs and olive oil, so is there any difference? | [
"Store bought mayonnaise is Pasteurized (heated above what bacteria can survive) so it's sterile until the seal is broken."
] | [
"Raw cookie dough and the \"dough\" in foods are two different things. Raw cookie dough contains components which are intended to be cooked, like raw eggs and yeast, both of which can get you sick if eaten uncooked. There is eatable cookie dough which is not intended to be cooked, and doesn't contain these componen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Are angry and belligerent drunks just people who are angry inside, and their inhibitions are removed? | [
"Alcohol is a depressant. This means that it's inhibiting other systems in your body that keep various things in check. How this works out for an individual depends on the current homeostasis their body has, and what parts of that are based on active suppression. So someone who depends on continual supreme mental c... | [
"Our inhibitions are lowered. Internally we would have always taken home that regret, we just had a bunch of reasons not to. When we're drunk, we stop caring. By the way, remember that if a SO cheats while drunk. It's not that the alcohol made them cheat, they wanted to cheat, they probably still do, they just had ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If obesity is medically proven to cause negative health effects, how are parents not charged with child abuse/child endangerment? | [
"Because it's a terrible idea and no politician who wanted to ever be re-elected would push for the Destory Families Because Your Kid Is Fat Act. I'm all for doing things to promote less fat kids (and adults), but what do you think is going to do more damage to a kid: being overweight, or being forcibly removed fro... | [
"Because a fetus is not considered a being until birth. After birth though, the child can be taken in if it can be proven that the mother knowingly endangered the life of the unborn child. You can lose custody if your habits cause extreme damage to the child. But at the same time, medical professionals recognize th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
does the nutritional value a food item change when it is cooked/baked? | [
"Yes. For example, if you bake chicken breast, you'll notice that a ton of liquid comes out. All that liquid is good stuff with nutrients & stuff in it. That's why actually making soups & drinking the soup is probably the most efficient way to get all the nutrients from food."
] | [
"typically a lot of these types of food are already cooked and just need to be warmed, or more often re-hydrated. warm water is absorbed faster and thus it re-hydrates the food quicker. (as well as warming it)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
When I eat late at night, I wake up hungry. When I don't eat late at night, I wake up not that hungry. Why is this? | [
"It's more of what you eat. If you eat something healthy or full of protein you likely won't be hungry when you awake. If you eat something high in sugar or carbs that can spike your blood sugar and crash it, then yeah you'll wake up hungry for some good ole nutrition. Edit: after further research it seems that we... | [
"So this is anecdotal since I am a case study of one, but for me I feel nauseated in the morning if I don't get a full 8 hours of sleep. If I get fewer than 7 hours sleep I can't eat breakfast for at least an hour and brushing my teeth makes me feel worse. The less sleep I get, the worse the reaction. If I get 8 or... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes someone to look pale or lose their color when sick? | [
"A lot of blood which is normally distributed equally throughout the body is being sent to your vital organs. For example, if someone is experiencing stomach pains and become pale and weak, their blood is being sent to the stomach organs to help heal the illness."
] | [
"I don't want to alarm you but this was one of the symptoms I had before getting severely ill. Do you get quickly tired ? For example, after running for a bit ? Does your face seem a little fatter than before ? Do you cough without any apparent reason ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
When looking at stars at night, why am I able to see very faint stars better when I don't look directly at them? | [
"Your eyes have two types of cell, rods and cones. Cones see color, are concentrated in the center of your eye, and see relatively bright light. Rods do not see color, are concentrated around the periphery of your eye, and see dimmer light. You're setting it up so that the dim light of the star falls on your rods."... | [
"They do not appear to have the same color when you look at them. If you are looking at them from the city or anywhere else there is light pollution you might have a hard time telling them apart, but on a clear night you can easily distinguish the colors of most bright stars. Try looking at a constellation with bri... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we feel the need to fold our arms or cross our legs? | [
"I like to think it's a basic measure of support for relaxing our muscles or otherwise providing comfort."
] | [
"You're disregarding the emotional side of sex that has to do with acceptance and affection. I'll answer the question with a question: Why does a hug feel better than just wrapping your own arms around yourself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it so hard to put socks on after a shower or getting out of a swimming pool, even though you dried the feet? | [
"The pores of your feet open when exposed to water for long periods of time. This causes water to continuously come out of your pores, which is why you'd usually have to towel yourself a couple times after showering. Once the moisture is expended from your opened pores and they begin to close, your skin overall bec... | [
"You're washing yourself with warm water, which will actually drain your energy after a while. If you took a cold shower, you wouldn't feel tired after. Same reason why you feel tired after spending time in a jacuzzi, spa, or sauna"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did Google, or any search engine for that matter, get started? | [
"Google is a special case, in that we know exactly how it started because it was spun out of a PhD research project at Stanford. You can still read [their original paper online](_URL_0_) (most of it isn't actually very complicated). But essentially you start small and work up. Nobody tries to index the entire web i... | [
"If I can ask a follow-up: How did these companies respond to being targeted?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do hairs grow longer/darker out of moles or freckles? | [
"A mole is basically a benigh growth of pigmented skin cells aka melanocytes. Scientifically known as a melanocytic neavus. So any hair that outcrops from these regions are darker, thicker and coarse due to the increased presence of melanin."
] | [
"Men produce a hormone called Dihydrotestosterone. One of the things this affects is hair follciles, stimulating growth particularly in eyebrows, the nose, ears, beard, and body hair. As men get older they sometimes produce more of it leading to those bushy eyebrows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people/animals shake when they're afraid? | [
"It's adrenaline surging through your system as part of the body's \"fight or flight\" response. It's done to heat up the muscles in preparation for combat or flat out sprinting to safety."
] | [
"Why do you stare at your dog when it's taking a shit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Animal behavior:"
} |
What are the causes and why is it that unwashed or sweaty genitalia share an often unique, "fishy," odor compared to the rather uniform scent (B.O.) that humans secrete when they perspire? | [
"The specific \"fishy\" odour is caused by amines - a general term for a family of nitrogen based molecules, generally produced by the oxidation of amino acids (or from ammonia). Different amines may have a slightly different odour or potency, but one in particular - triethylamine oxide - occurs in high concentrati... | [
"After puberty we have different types of sweat gland apocrine and eccrine. Apocrine are the ones which we develop at puberty in the perianal/genital area and axillae (arm pits) and they secrete a more oily and protein rich sweat which provides more of a growth medium for bacteria than standard sweat and as it is b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How male actors (and females) cope with ... stirrings... during sex scenes | [
"I can't remember who it was, but one actor said to the actress he was about to do a sex scene with: \"before we begin I would like to apologize in advance if I get an erection, and I would also like to apologize if I don't\"."
] | [
"Well Christian Bale literally starved himself for his role in The Machinist - I wouldn't be surprised if other celebs were as reckless about their health to slim down for a role."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there strict laws about using seatbelts in cars, but on buses and coaches etc that carry a lot more people seatbelts aren't used? | [
"From a page I found online: \"The explanation for the safety of school buses is explained by a concept called compartmentalization. In compartmentalization, the seats on the school bus are placed very close to each other and have high backs that are very padded. As a result, in an accident the student would be pr... | [
"Seatbelts aren’t just for collisions or sudden stops while taxiing. They are primarily there to keep you in your seat in the event of bad turbulence. Turbulence can happen suddenly and without warning. If you’re not secured you can easily fly up and hit the ceiling. On your way back down, you can land on another p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can some people be fully functioning on 4 hours of sleep? | [
"You get used to it. Technically you can be fully functional with 2 hours of sleep a day. Look up polyphasic sleep and Buckminster Fuller who reportedly took 4 thirty minute naps a day for two years. Anyway, it really sucks when you start, but you can adjust your sleep schedule to require less hours, basically by g... | [
"As the short-tempered, sleep-deprived parent of a new 10-week-old, I am honestly not sure it is possible to function on only a few hours sleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does quicksand form? | [
"when sand becomes saturated with too much water. it happens anywhere there is a lot of water and a lot of sand think of quicksand as a water-sand mixture thats too liquidy to stand on but too syrupy to move your feet out of"
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
when the sun will become a red giant and what will happen to earth. | [
"We're talking billions of years into the future here which makes this borderline-hypothetical, but all things being equal, the Earth would be engulfed and swallowed by the sun. It'll be burned to a crisp before that, though."
] | [
"Someone will want to elaborate on this, but in short: Because the moon controls the tides, the tides will stop and many other functions of the sea will be out of whack The Earth's orbit around the sun would change, causing climates to change dramatically around the world. Earth's spin would likely be affected, so ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is an Arduino micro controller? Ive seen a lot of posts about people doing awesome stuff with them. But I haven't been able to get a straight answer for just what it actually is | [
"It's basically a circuit board and small CPU. I don't /think/ it has a proper operating system, but it does have a programming language attached. Connect some other electronic parts to it and come up with the program, and you have an arbitrary electronics device. IE; attach it, a microphone, a small motor, and som... | [
"It's a scanner, modem and printer in one. If you understand how each of those three components work, understanding the fax machine is trivial. If there's one of those you *don't* understand, let me know which and I'll go into more details."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why my bank is so desperate to give me a credit card | [
"Unless you are much more disciplined than the average credit card user, you will carry a balance with every purchase you make on your card. This means that you will owe more money to the bank than you spent at the store. Additionally, every time you swipe your credit card, the bank gets a cut of the transaction. T... | [
"the banks are using the float to their advantage and ignoring your convenience."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can someone get falsely convicted of a crime if you’re innocent until proven guilty (how can they prove you’re guilty)? | [
"Because the measurement is 'beyond a reasonable doubt'. A group of 12 people can look at a thing and still make a mistake about it. Heck a group of 12 million people can look at a thing and still make a mistake about it. You can't really PROVE someone is guilty but you can show that they are probably guilty beyond... | [
"Innocent means that you did not commit the crime. Not Guilty means that there was not enough evidence to determine that you did commit the crime. There is a big difference between the two. In the US, we find defendants not guilty; this means that there wasn't enough evidence to detemine, beyond a reasonable doubt,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
A day in the life of a congressman | [
"[This model daily schedule from a training for freshman Dems](_URL_0_) suggests 4h a day calling donors, 1-2h meeting with constituents, 2h in official public sessions, 1h of \"strategic outreach\" (lobbyists, interest groups), and 1h of \"recharge time\". The amount allotted for call time is low."
] | [
"Have an \"in\" with a prominent Party member."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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