query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does Venus spin so slowly? | [
"It spins counter to all other planets, as if it was hit by an object and spun the other direction like two pool balls."
] | [
"That would be true if the earth didn't rotate. But it does rotate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do you 3D print metal objects? Why is 3D printing better than traditional manufacturing methods? | [
"/u/ViskerRatio explained how metal 3D printing works already. Why they would want to is because 3D printing can produce shapes that cannot be made otherwise. For example, internal structures cannot usually be made by traditional methods, but can be made by 3D printing."
] | [
"Its like a hot glue gun, but with plastic. Speaking about solid deposition modelers, but there are other types. The nozzle moves back and forth pooping out a thin string of plastic and builds one layer of your 3D Model. The nozzle moves up and it starts the next layer, repeat until the model is finished! Because ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
at what heart rate would the average person die at | [
"Well you’d be officially dead at 0 beats per minute. Around 20-30 bpm, sustained, you wouldn’t be able to maintain a minimum blood pressure to support staying conscious. This can vary a little bit depending on the person. If it continued down this path for a while without resuscitation, you would probably suffer f... | [
"Amount if physical activity also plays a role. So if you do literally the exact same amount of physical activity then yes"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is inflation bad if our wages just increase afterwards? | [
"The problem we’re facing in the U.S. is that wages AREN’T keeping up with inflation. Basically, things on average are getting about 2% more expensive every year, and people on average are getting paid about 0.2% more every year (Not exact numbers, just trying to demonstrate a point) After 40 years or so, this star... | [
"Zero inflation means it's safe to literally store cash under your mattress. If there's inflation, you're forced to invest your money in something to keep up with inflation. Investments help the economy grow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
- be me - desk job, dull back pain , find a good chiropractor. The session is great but then the billing conversation got confusing. Paying with insurance is one rate , paying cash is a much smaller rate. Even with my good insurance, it’s still cheaper to pay cash. Who wins in this situation? | [
"You and your chiropractor win. Taking cash saves time and resources. Also provided instant cash rather than waiting on reimbursement."
] | [
"It's not a charge it is a tax. If you do not have health insurance, then you have to pay the tax when filing your annual taxes. Other redditors commented on the why. My insurance costs increase more than standard annual raise at work. I lose every year. I was forced into high deductible plan. So I pay more in cos... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do Australians and Brits consider it proper grammar to say “go to hospital” and leave out the “the”? As an American I would say “go to THE hospital” but I would happily say “go to school” (no “the”) | [
"Difference in how the word \"hospital\" is used. Grammatically, the US treats \"hospital\" as a kind of place, where in the UK it is more as a description of a state of being."
] | [
"Although technically 'I'm' is a contraction of 'I am', there are differences in usage. 'I'm' is less formal, and is is universally followed with more words which describe what you are, usually an adjective (eg, 'I'm tall'). For instance, if I you asked me if I was a reddit poster, I could say 'I am', but I couldn'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Jeff Bezos' divorce such a big deal? | [
"He and his wife don’t have a prenup so he’ll still be the richest person in the world but he has SO MUCH MONEY that she is the SECOND richest person in the world. Also if they chose to split company shares he would no longer be the majority shareholder."
] | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why dont babies walk almost immediately likemostmammals..Not an expert by any means (obviously), but from watching documentaries like planet Earth.. it seems like most mammals become almost independent within weeks or even days whereas humans are pretty vulnerable for at least the first 5-6 ye | [
"Our brains are among our most important physical organs--specifically, the size and complexity with which they develop. But because of the way we've developed to walk, giving birth to a baby that's more developed (and therefore has a larger head) would shatter a woman's pelvis and kill the baby in the process. The... | [
"Because humans have gigantic brains. They basically have to be born 3 months premature, just so their huge heads don't kill the mothers during birth. Birthing that head is a bit trickier than birthing a calf is for a cow. Also, humans don't have to worry about predators finding their babies and eating them, so it'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
I just realized that the muscles around our necks are constantly holding up the weight of our heads for most of the day. Why don’t those muscles ever feel tired or sore? | [
"Because you've done it your entire life and your body has adapted. Ever see a young child/infant? They genuinely can't hold their head up. The muscles adapt over time and it gets easier. Similar to working out. When I first started working out I would be sore almost daily. But after daily training over years and ... | [
"Because good posture is actually a bit of a work out for your back. Those muscles get tired and want to rest so that's where the pain comes from. Keep up the good posture and you won't notice anything after a bit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do car tires lose pressure during the winter? | [
"Freezing cold temperatures makes a volume of air contract. A fun way to see this in action is taking a balloon, inflating it with air, and place it in the freezer for an hour."
] | [
"Cheap and easy to store, it also helps to remind you to get a new tire since these are only designed to get you to a mechanic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do women lose income after divorce? | [
"> Unless they lose their job, why would there be any change in income? I don't understand The writer is mangling the use of statistics. The tradition is that the man is the breadwinner while the woman is the homemaker and while that is changing in this modern age the traditions still influence statistics about inc... | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why did diseases from the old world wipe out native populations when it would seem that diseases from the new world would quickly kill invaders and not the other way around? | [
"Population density in Europe coupled with domestic farm animals created plague diseases that spread throughout the new world population. The new world population was widely spread discouraging deadly diseases."
] | [
"More prepared than medieval Europe. We have vaccines against the black death, so even if it became totally antibiotic resistant we could boost immunity to it that way. It also spreads through infected fleas via rats, neither of which is a huge problem in the western world anymore, so it would have a hard time esta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how is there air pollution from cars and vehicles even though catalyst converters exist | [
"Catalytic converters do not magically turn car exhaust into pollution-free unicorn farts. The exhaust still contains lots of carbon dioxide and there are still some pollutants that make it through the converter substrate. Also, a catalytic converter does not start working fully until it is 100% hot, usually about... | [
"if we have a limited supply of oil what do we have so many combustion engines running around the world?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are those laser-pointer temperature guages able to take a temperature by hitting something with a laser? | [
"They use infrared sensors, since heat (or thermal energy) falls within the infrared spectrum. The sensor can interpret differences in heat just like we can determine differences in the brightness of visible light with our eyes. The laser is just there for aiming, they have nothing to do with measuring temperatures... | [
"You can hit a building from miles away with a flashlight as well. The difference is that in a flashlight the light is scattered over a wide area, while in a laser the light is focused around a single point."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Typically during elections, I hear pundits and politicians proclaim - "a strong middle-class is important for the economy". I never actually hear them explain why that is. Can someone explain it? | [
"because the middle class is who does the most buying and selling. rich people, once they kinda have everything they want, they just hoard. poor people spend on necessities and not much else."
] | [
"I'm not aware of a large body of people arguing that the economy is still in recession, but I can explain why it might be. 1 - People are uneducated Economics is not something that most people learn a great deal of in school. As a result, people don't really understand it beyond the most rudimentary of levels. At ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Economics:"
} |
Why don’t we taste our teeth, tongue, saliva, or really anything that is part of the inside of the mouth? | [
"Ever woken up hungover after mixing booze all night and finishing up with an extra garlicky, extra spicy kebab?? In all seriousness, we probably do, but our brain has stopped registering it. Like how our vision automatically keeps our nose out of our vision because it’s always there."
] | [
"The saliva in your mouth (which is mostly water) absorbs a fair amount of the heat before the food touches the tissues in your mouth and tongue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Science:"
} |
What, why, and from whence are these super tiny flies that congregate in tiny swarms at face-level? | [
"I believe they're basically gnat orgies. They all come together in big swarms to fertilize each other. Not sure what they're doing for the rest of their time when they're not having a root. Not a gnat expert but last time I asked someone wtf was with all the bug clouds that's what I was told."
] | [
"They are cleaning their head, mandibles, and limbs. Unsurprisingly, they don't hang out in the cleanest of places."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do some medications cause nightmares? | [
"Your brain has lots of switches within it that are set to either on or off. When these switches are turned on it tells certain parts of your body to respond and do an action (including other parts of the brain). Some switches when turned on together activate the creative and fear parts of your brain to form nightm... | [
"Since it is excreted via the kidneys, prolonged use can result in a condition known as chronic interstitial nephritis. Its a type of kidney disease. Please consult a doctor regarding long term medication useage to prevent possible complications."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are Camera lens round but the picture turns out in 'Rectangular-Shape'? | [
"The lens simply focuses light, it doesn't take the picture itself. The sensor is what produces the actual image and sits in the camera body where the lens connects, with the light focussed on it (with a shutter blocking it until you press the trigger). The sensor is rectangular. Lenses are round to allow the focus... | [
"If you are referring to Watching a Movie on your TV is all about aspect ratio. \"Aspect ratio\" is the ratio of the width of a rectangle to its height. The ratio of your TV depends on its Size. The Black Boxes are often added so that instead of stretching or cropping the picture and distorting it, they add the bar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How did the WTC 7 building collapse even though it was not hit by a plane? | [
"It was hit by the planes. Just not directly. Most footage of tower 7 was taken from behind as they were filming tower 1 and 2 and therefore do not show the extent of the damage. The building were hit with jet engines and part of the wing which created a huge hole in the facade and drenched the entire building in b... | [
"It's become a meme. People bring it up as a joke. I'm not sure specifically what caused its recent resurgence, but it originated in a now-famous movie \"Loose Change\" which details one 9/11 truther's \"proof\" that the September 11th attacks were staged. His primary piece of evidence was that the temperature jet ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does EU Parliament work? | [
"Under the Lisbon Treaty, states are allocated a number of MEPs based on their population. Croatia has 11 and France has 74. MEPs are elected by national elections in each country. This usually forms part of the normal voting process with local government elections. Yes the parties are cross country. They tend to i... | [
"Only if the federal government let it. See: American Civil War"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does this tree seem to explode and why does it put out the fire? | [
"The tree is not on fire as such. It is being electrocuted. What you see is not flames but sparks. The explosion you hear is when the tree is blown away from the power lines. The spark then have to jump an airgap and this is what causes the large bang. The sparks then stop for a moment as the tree moves back onto t... | [
"First, the flowers don't survive, they just take longer to die. Second, other plants can do the same thing; think of a Christmas tree."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- Hindsight is 20/20 | [
"20/20 is generally seen as the best vision one can have, when looking back at things you have done you know exactly what and how you should've done things."
] | [
"Imagine it like that 164864687684897977,485484654 164864687684897977,485485 164864687684897977,485 164864687684897977 164864687684898000 164864687685000000 164864688000000000 164865000000000000 165000000000000000 Its still kinda the same number, isnt it. I mean, who will notice the difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why does alcohol make you dehydrated? It’s liquid so how does that work? | [
"A liquid does not mean it is a hydrating drink, your body needs water and alcohol when getting into your blood stream it will attract the water out of your system faster"
] | [
"> Why do we have to pee that much when drinking beer Alcohol is a diuretic: It inhibits secretion of a hormone that tells the kidneys that it needs to reabsorb some of the water from your urine before releasing it into the bladder. Without enough of that hormone, you bladder is all, \"The brain says that we have t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What a 'Niceguy' is? | [
"A certain type of man, especially on the internet, that says he's nice, but more often than not isn't. They firmly believe they own women and if you hold open a door for a woman and be nice to her, you deserve to get laid. And they can get pretty mad about it."
] | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How is it that clams and clam shells became synonymous? Are all clams born with a shell or are the shells somewhat made perfectly that clams just seem to commonly find them? Do clams procreate by going into their partners shell or do they have shell on shell action? | [
"The clamshells are the exoskeleton of the clam. They grow it themselves as part of their body. Similar to how for example crabs have a hard shell outside of their body. Clams procreates like most sea animals by releasing their eggs and sperm into the water. There is no physical contact between the clams during pro... | [
"There are animals that lived in them at one point (or still do) and they create the shells around them out of minerals they consume the same way you grow hair. Sometimes those animals move onto bigger shells later, abandoning the small ones, and sometimes they stay in them till they die and the shells just keep ge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do nightmares sometimes make zero sense, but are still terrifying even until the moment you wake up? | [
"Dreams are poorly understood, but are partly due to widespread (and seemingly random) activity in the outermost layer of your brain (cortex). Nightmares are dreams, but with the added flavor of considerable activity in your fear center (amygdala). So random stuff + fear = nightmare that makes no sense. This is ov... | [
"Actually we remember our nightmares more than we remember dreams, (because when we're having nightmares we're more likely to be woken up during the REM stage) That's why it seems that we tend to have more nightmares than dreams."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it warned to not brush your teeth more than 3 times a day? | [
"Toothpaste generally contains abrasives, so too much brushing can unduly wear your teeth or be harsh on your gums. There could be a possible concern about ingesting unnecessary amounts fluoride as well, but I think this would be a secondary consideration."
] | [
"You don't produce saliva while you are in deep sleep. Because of this your mouth is dry and becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. This bacteria cause bad breath. It is why you should brush your teeth in the morning as well as in the evening."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Health:"
} |
How is Puerto Rican’s paying American taxes without voting rights not taxation without representation? | [
"It is. The same is true for all of the other territories, and Washington DC. DC is so salty about they actually have \"Taxation Without Representation\" on their license plates. The thing is, this is exactly how it's supposed to work. Before a territory becomes a state it must fulfill certain requirements and req... | [
"People who are not citizens or those who host them, like land lords or relatives, will feel reluctant to report the true number of people living under their roof if they believe that doing so could mark them for raid and or deportation. It is put there as a scare tactic to make people afraid to be counted, similar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can we walk for hours without our legs hurting, but when we stand in place we get discomfort quickly? | [
"When you stand still you are using the same muscles for a long period of time with no break. When you move, you are alternating between which muscles you are using, and which are resting, giving every muscle a chance to recover and splitting the work. This gives the latter activity more stamina"
] | [
"Muscles in your back cramping, most likely. They've been working hard all day to stabilize your body while upright, now they're suddenly no longer being used. Like a runners leg muscles might cramp after finishing a long race."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does herpes work? Why/how does it occasionally make wounds appear, and why cant we just kill it/won't it just die? | [
"After the initial infection, the virus lives dormant in nerve cells and can periodically reactivate. It does a few things to evade your immune system, like interfering with a process that normally allows virally infected cells to tell white blood cells, \"hey, I've got a virus inside me. Come kill me!\" It also i... | [
"First off, \"coldsore\" is a cute name for herpes. 99% of the population has herpes, most of us got it during very early childhood from a relative that was showing affecting and kissing a baby. For 99.99% of humanity this was no big deal, then companies figured out they could sell \"treatments\" for it if they sh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans need pillows to feel comfortable sleeping? | [
"This is because if you lie down without a pillow you'll find there's a slight arch in your back. The pillow levels your back out. Try it!"
] | [
"Basically because most people enjoy sleeping at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is the USA still not using the metric system? | [
"There's a common misunderstanding that Americans don't use the metric system. We do. We learn both in schools. The military uses metric almost exclusively as do many career fields. The imperial system is just what Americans prefer to use in their every day life. There's no reason to switch because it doesn't actua... | [
"In which countries is it even done this way, except the US?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why do People believe in star signs? If they're real how do they work? | [
"They're not real it's complete bullshit. There may be some truth that people born at the same time have similar attributes but that's more likely going to be because of how old they were compared to others in their school year affecting personality rather than the position of stars millions of years ago in made up... | [
"Unless you believe in astrology and stuff like that, none whatsoever. It has zero basis in scientific fact and can't affect anything on an individual level. Don't believe everything you read on the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Silencers and Suppressors | [
"This is just a game mechanic to nerf any chance of suppressors being unbalanced in the game. In reality, suppressors don't affect accuracy, but the can increase velocity slightly. This could affect accuracy in the sense that you could have your weapon tuned in perfectly in a non-suppressed configuration and then a... | [
"Side 1 - For Vaccines: -Science Side 2 - Against Vaccines: -Paranoid idiocy"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The watery stuff that appears on top of sour cream dip a couple days after you open it | [
"When the sour cream is first opened, you don’t see the liquid but it’s there. Just stir it back in."
] | [
"Different kind of mold. The mold on a blue cheese is not bad for you, but the mold that grows on top of cheese in your refrigerator may make you sick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do you make beers/lagers alcohol-free? | [
"Most non-alcoholic beers are made by taking the normal beer from the brewing process and removing alcohol before carbonation and packaging. There are two methods for this: the easiest is to boil off as much alcohol as possible by heating the fermented beer for an extended period of time, then replacing the lost vo... | [
"It's carbonated just like soda, so it's more harsh. Drink beer like Guinness which isn't fizzy (most of the foam separates shortly after pouring) and it's very easy to chug."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How is an animal able to have the strength to move after hibernation? | [
"Muscular degeneration (atrophy) is a result of metabolic processes. Slow those processes enough, and you slow atrophy as well."
] | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where does the definition of a second come from and why it was decided to be it? | [
"The unit of time, the second, was defined originally as the fraction 1/86,400 of the average solar day. The exact definition of \"average solar day\" was left to astronomical theories by the romans and a whole host of other ancient peoples"
] | [
"The original plan was to use the gram as the base unit. But they realized this was not very practical for everyday use, as it is so small. So they changed it to the kilogram as the base. Changing the name would have been pretty awkward at that point, as the names were already being widely used."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Male genitalia, why is it darker? | [
"It's not uncommon for both men and women to have darker skin around their genitals (and nipples as well). During puberty, the rush of sex hormones (testosterone in men and estrogen in women) can trigger the production of extra melanin (the pigment that gives our skin color) in the areas most affected by the change... | [
"Because as long as it resembles a penis but isn't really a penis, it could be anything. Maybe even a penis."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Where did the term 20/20 vision come from? And why do people say they have 20/15 vision and that’s better? Can you achieve 20/20 or higher if you are wearing glasses? | [
"20/20 vision is a term used to express normal visual acuity (the clarity or sharpness of vision) measured at a distance of 20 feet. If you have 20/20 vision, you can see clearly at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. If you have 20/100 vision, it means that you must be as close as 20 feet to see... | [
"It means you can see at 20ft what the average person with good eyesight can see at 20ft. 20/10 means you can see clearly at 20 ft what average person with good eyesight would need to see at 10ft to be clear. Meaning you have better than average sight. It's not strict objective numerical quantitative scale."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do devices such as phones take such little time to get to around 80%, and then take ages for the last 20%? | [
"The charge stored in a battery when supplied by a constant voltage is exponential, depending on the type. ELI5: you’re at a public pool on a 105° degree day that only lets people in 1 at a time. They are gonna fill that pool up until they’re shoulder to shoulder, but each person goes to a random open spot in the ... | [
"Not really, most modern phones have a feature where they deactivate charging until they drop to like 97%. Since most phones have a decent standby time, it doesn't get charged for more than like 20min in 8hr."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How/when do newborns establish gut microbiota? | [
"> [Regardless of intrauterine exposure, massive bacterial colonization of the newborn occurs at birth upon exposure to vaginal, fecal, and skin microbiota \\[19,51,52\\]. During vaginal delivery, facultative anaerobic species such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus colonize the infant gut and p... | [
"Yes, and that's one of the reasons natural birth and breast feeding is preferred over c-section and bottle feeding. It allows faster seeding of the GI tract."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How come when you step outside in the spring and it is 60 degrees F outside, it will feel very warm, but when you step inside and its 65 degrees F, its cold? | [
"Humidity has a lot to do with temperature and how it feels. 75F will feel different in say Georgia than it will in Nevada. Humidity is moisture in the air."
] | [
"This is more related to relative temperature than actual water temperature. The pool temp is probably pretty constant, we'll call it 65 degrees Fahrenheit. If it's 90 degrees outside and your body has started to adjust to that setting, 65 degree water is going to feel nice and cool. On the other hand, jumping in a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why whales jump out of the water sometimes and other times just barely breach. | [
"Whales are thought to breach for a few reasons - removing lice and other parasites with the shock of the impact, communicating over large distances with the shockwave, or simply because it's really fun."
] | [
"the more violent the storm, the larger the waves. the larger the waves, the longer the time between waves. an air breathing mammal would have plenty of time to grab a breath in a large wave trough. Not to mention - whales and dolphins can leap from the water. Not sure if they are able to grab a breath while doing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What's the significance of the Queen's Guard's Hats? Bonus Explanation: What purpose do they serve in a modern attack with glowing uniforms and massive heads? | [
"The queen's guard aren't commandos that get sent on covert Missions. They're meant to stand out, and be a very visible show. They aren't just ceremonial, though. They're full trained soldiers in their own right on full guard duty. But to do their job there is no need to hide or blend in. They want to be a very vis... | [
"Clearly you're forgetting that the Brits also have a ban on showing up to either House while wearing a suit of armour."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can someone explain why there’s actually no way to basically revive something or someone dead? | [
"Your brain starts dying after about 6 minutes without oxygen. The cells up there need a lot of energy to continue working, so after 6 minutes you start getting brain damage. Ultimately the brain completely dies, and while you maybe can restart/replace some organs, you can't do that with the brain."
] | [
"Can't imagine it will do much of anything. If they can't use that specific name they'll call it something else."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do high levels of emotional pain often affect you physically? | [
"Stress hormones. When we become stressed the hypothalamus sends a signal to release these hormones. When the body is under a lot of stress the hypothalamus continues to send this stress signal, raising your hormones every time. These hormones cause your blood vessels to constrict which raises your blood pressure a... | [
"The anxiety is the root cause - you are anxious about something related to your romantic misadventures because the person you love seems much more important than anything you can think about. Anxiety leads you to make unhealthy decisions during the day, which makes it harder to fall asleep at night, permitting you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are most one-time password codes five to six digits? | [
"More than that is hard to remember and retype. Since it's one-time-only there isn't much brute force risk."
] | [
"In principle, yes. But how many valid PINs exist at any time? Let's be very optimistic and guess 1 billion. There are 10 quadrillion possible 16-digit PINs, so you have a 1 in 10 million chance of guessing a valid PIN. That puts it in the same ballpark as guessing the winning lottery numbers, and there are probabl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are energy drinks so bad for you? | [
"They have lots of sugar. if we give sugar the dihydrogen monoxide treatment, it is highly addictive, makes your gums bleed, makes your teeth turn yellow and fall out, makes your breath smell bad, makes your feet turn black and fall off, makes you age faster, gives you cancer, feeds fungi in your gut, hardens up yo... | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
are the great pyramids eroding over time? | [
"Yes, it will just take a very long time. Much of the damage to the Pyramids is actually a result of the exterior casing stones being removed and repurposed."
] | [
"The pacific ocean is a hotbed for volcanic activity. Under water volcano explodes, creates an island, plants and animals move in. Pretty neat"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How is it impossible to get the flu from a flu shot? | [
"From the CDC: No, flu vaccines cannot cause flu illness. Flu vaccines given with a needle (i.e., flu shots) are currently made in two ways: the vaccine is made either with a) flu viruses that have been ‘inactivated’ (killed) and that therefore are not infectious, or b) using only a single gene from a flu virus (as... | [
"One got their flu shot. The other didn’t. Either that or they have been exposed to that particular strain of the flu in the past."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do Binoculars work | [
"Common binoculars are about 7X or 8X, so a person at 200m would look like they were 25m - 30m away. Except that binoculars can't compensate for atmospheric distortion. You know that heat-wave shimmering look you see on a summer highway? There will be that kind of distortion on a figure at 200m, that you can't mag... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How come my computer has no problem rendering modern games at 60fps+ but it might take hours to render a single frame of a 3d model in Blender/Maya or other modeling software | [
"The models used in those programs are much more complex, for one. Second, the algorithms used to render those scenes are much more complex. They take into account things like reflecting light and such. The more reflections you take into account, the more processing has to be done... exponentially."
] | [
"Sometimes because no computer would be able to render it at 30fps. They make a movie that looks like the game. Like how you can watch Transformers on your TV with no trouble but each frame took 17 hours for a computer to render."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the document about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the document about videogame development:"
} |
Heavy gravity chambers | [
"You can use centrifugal force to simulate gravity, and get up to several times the normal force of gravity. The problem is that to generate enough force you have to get something spinning pretty fast."
] | [
"The Vomit Comet (and similar services) as well as wires and camera tricks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do continents drift if they arent actually floating? | [
"They are floating - the plates are basically floating on a big convective current of magma."
] | [
"The boundary at which two tectonic plates meet. A tectonic plate is a large part of the Earth's Solid crust that floats on top of an enormous layer of liquid magma. Youre sitting on top of a plate right now, and it is moving, albeit very slowly. Like dropping wood into a bucket full of water, the wood floats and m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The video effect that happens when you miss/lose a packet in online streaming... | [
"This is due to the use of video compression and key frames, which is basically all kinds of encoding methods which I am aware of. The general idea is that there are complete frames which are stored periodically (called \"key frames\") and then subsequent frames are derived from that complete frame by only storing ... | [
"Its a glitch in the matrix...it happens when they change something"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Cognitive Science:"
} |
Why do wireless printers have so many more problems compared to other, seamless technologies? | [
"Printers have always been problematic as a technology because of how they are sold. Most printers are sold right at cost or slightly above with printer companies trying to make profit on the ink, which is why ink is so expensive. Why this matters is that the companies try to keep costs to develop the devices very ... | [
"In general terms, WiFi is a protocol used to connect various devices to a central network, and is intended to take the place of in-wall cabling. Bluetooth is a protocol for devices to connect to each other and for peripherals to connect to devices, and usually takes the place of USB cables, audio cables or other s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it difficult to make destructible environments in games? | [
"Once an item or items break into pieces each of those pieces needs its physics calculated independently. It’s not hard to make destructible environments it’s just hard to make them look good and perform well on a variety of machines."
] | [
"When building a video game, there are LOTS of problems that need to be solved before you can get to the fun stuff. How does the game balance multiple resources moving simultaneously? What format should we store the maps in? How should shadows be calculated? What's our network stack code? The answer to all of these... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are gun laws/restrictions in the United States not immediately violating the 2nd Amendment of the Constitution? | [
"Traditionally, the courts have interpreted this amendment as the right for members of a state militia to own weapons. It was only in 2008 that the Supreme Court ruled that it also covered private individuals owning firearms for home defence. It’s still not totally clear what weapons are covered under “arms”, sinc... | [
"The 10th amendment says \"if it's not in the Constitution, the states are in charge\". The 14th Amendment says \"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States\" and the Supreme Court ruled that refusing to issue marriage licenses to gay cou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does alcohol cause urination to happen more frequently? As an extension, why do certain things “go through us” more quickly? | [
"Alcohol is a diuretic. What this means is, when you drink alcohol, you produce more urine. This happens because alcohol suppresses release of arginine vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), the hormone that allows your kidneys to return water to your bloodstream. The effect is additive, so drinking more alcoh... | [
"If you’re dehydrated, you’re body is going to absorb water faster, because it needs it bad. There’s also hormones that control how much we pee or don’t pee, and it gets complicated from there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How do people with diseases like Dementia and Alzheimer's remember how to speak their language? | [
"Alzheimer's disease affects the retention or creation of memory. Use this metaphor to help you: Think of your memory as a huge stack of paper. Every time you need to remember something, you flip through the stack until you find the right page. When you need to remember something else, you place the page you were u... | [
"Maybe because we know so little about it and even less about how to deal with those with mental illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How did they resize photos before computers | [
"A photo enlarger beamed a high powered light through a negative or slide onto photo paper. Raising or lowering the enlarger changed to size of the photo protection, just like a shadow is bigger when closer to the light source."
] | [
"You CAN actually. Good luck figuring out how to get the OS on there though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Technology:"
} |
what the fuck is a hiccup? | [
"Think of it as a 'crossed wire'; your brain thinks you NEED oxygen **riGhT nOw** so it makes the muscle that controls your lungs go nuts. There are some ways to fix this, such as holding your breath. This raises the CO2 in your blood, triggering your brain to 'reboot' the lung's muscle. Another way to fix this i... | [
"Follow up question- how do people see me in the street: handsome mirror timaldinho or burn that photograph timaldinho?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does water feel colder on the outside of your body than when it's in your mouth? | [
"When you have water on the outside of your body it causes you to lose body heat which makes you feel cold. This evaporation is why you can have a hotter shower than a bath and feel comfortable. Water in your mouth is in a small quantity and therefore can be heated up by mixing with your spit and mouth heat."
] | [
"Heat flows from hot to cold bodies. The air outside is cold and the heat from your body goes out to heat the air. That is why you feel cold. When you put on a blanket, the air inside the blanket is heated and becomes the same temperature as your body. So, are you no longer feel cold. At least that is what they tau... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Science:"
} |
Why does the throat hurt drinking water after chewing mint gum ? | [
"The first chemical in mint, which is menthol, is like a “cooling agent” which tricks your nerves into the myth that there’s something that is cold inside of your mouth. So, when you drink a glass of water, your mouth thinks it’s extra cold."
] | [
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do fish control where they are in the water? Why don’t they just float or sink? | [
"Fish have a special organ called a \"swim bladder\" which regulates their buoyancy such that they tend to be about neutral, neither floating or sinking. Various sicknesses can cause problems with this balance which is why dying fish will tend to float up to the top of the tank when still alive."
] | [
"Bubbles only move in one direction, up. So if you have some sort of artificial light to see the bubbles, you can still tell which way is up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a password not containing numbers or special characters be considered weak? | [
"In theory an attacker who doesn't know you didn't use the numbers and special characters would need to consider that they might have been used, slowing their attempts on your password. But consider that an attacker might simply only decide to go for the easy targets and just try normal characters, leaving out numb... | [
"Most sites don't store your password, they store a hash of your password A hash is specifically designed to be a one way function so it's easy to take the password and generate the hash and check it against the database, but it is hard to take the hash and determine what password makes it. You should have to try l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If photons are massless, then why do they have momentum and produce a force? And if light has energy wouldn't that mean it has mass? | [
"You're thinking of it the wrong way. Instead of thinking everything with energy has mass. Think of it as mass is a way of storing energy. This is how things that don't have mass have momentum... they have energy. The formulae that use mass is just a simplification."
] | [
"Technically, it doesn't. At least, not in the way we normally think of mass. However, we have discovered that *energy itself has mass*. Or, more appropriately, energy and mass are two forms of the same thing: mass-energy. Hence the whole E=mc^(2) formula. When you accelerate an object, you add energy to it, and th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:"
} |
How do sports with weight classes determine those weight classes? | [
"A governing body picks them out of a hat, then might revise them if they appear to be too wide or narrow in real world application."
] | [
"What sport? Different sports have different rules regarding the same issue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do traffic engineers know how many minutes a delay is? | [
"Depends on the system. In a lot of states they some kind of fast pass transponder that you stick on your car, to automatically bill on toll roads/bridges. They can use that same transponder to track how long it takes cars to travel. Or they can use in-road speed sensors to gauge average traffic speed. Usually the... | [
"if I am thinking about the same cables you are thinking about they aren't used to measure speed they're used to count how many cars are going across the road they use it to know how much maintenance or if they need to expand the road to handle more traffic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
What exactly is happening in our body when we almost slip and fall but catch outselves and it feels like our heart skips, nose clears up, etc? | [
"A cascade of hormones are released VERY quickly. There's adrenaline that starts to get pumped out (among others). Like a fight or flight response. Similar to someone jumping from behind a corner and scaring us. Our body takes it as an extreme situation and responds accordingly."
] | [
"Its a completely natural phenomenon where your heart rate drops very fast (but not to dangerous levels) because you slowly doze off and relax, and your brain literally thinks you are dying. So it snaps you awake and your heart rate speeds up for a few minutes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
what does specific impulse mean on rocket engines and which is better and which is worse? | [
"Specific impulse is a measure of how efficiently a rocket or jet engine uses fuel to produce movement. It is the change in momentum per unit of fuel consumed, so more is better. With rockets it is very important how efficiently they can use their mass of fuel to produce movement because they need to carry it with ... | [
"Directly from the wiki link > The result is that the rocket always flies with the minimum number of tanks required to transport the fuel it has left while also constantly using all engines it has on board. The assumption you made is that an engine's thrust compensates for its weight, which is not necessarily true... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How water damages electronics | [
"Most electronics are delicate circuits which rely on specific amounts of electricity running between certain components. Water allows electricity to bridge gaps and flow into areas it isn't designed to go, overloading and breaking components of the circuit. It can also cause corrosion over a longer period of time ... | [
"Because the very thing that protects from bacteria and germs getting into your body has been severely damaged - your skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does packaged meat from supermarkets go off as soon as you open it, but meat from the butcher doesn't? | [
"Do you mean for example a steak will go red to brown when opened? Yes the sealed trays contain a 'modified atmosphere' to make the meat stay red, as it is exposure to oxygen which turns the meat from red to brown. I've done a quick Google but can't find specifics for which gases are used. The colour on its own ha... | [
"because you're going to eat it. Cooked meat can be dangerous if you leave it in the fridge for a few weeks. Just like raw meat. The difference is that if you put raw meat in the freezer, you can save it for a few months. Cooked meat can be left in the fridge for a couple days, but still is subject to rotting. Bein... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why We Can't Remove The Cancer Cells With Surgery? | [
"...Which cancer? Different cancers happen to different parts of the body. Some are simpler to remove than others. But typically when a tumor is inopperable it's because the flesh/organs they've lodged themselves can't be cut without serious risk of killing the patient. Cancer cells travel across the body, and thus... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are baby chickens more independent than other baby birds? | [
"As usual, the answer is genetics: The chicks and ducklings which didn't have the genes for fast growing up didn't survive. Some birds make their nests in trees, some birds make their nests on the ground. Nests on the ground allow for easy access of predators. The chicks and ducklings which didn't grow up fast enou... | [
"Because the naming of different species and their young are arbitrary. When people named lion and tiger babies, they called them cubs, along with the young of bears, wolves, and other large predatory animals, to differentiate them from the young of domesticated animals, like dogs and cats."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does eating a pound of food (or any amount) not cause you to weigh + that amount immediately after when stepping on a scale? | [
"It does, but typical hooman scales are horribly innacurate. Just ask any pugilist how much an average poo weighs before weigh-in."
] | [
"Yes. If you somehow ate 50 pounds of food, you would in fact gain 50 pounds to your weight. Now this wouldn't last because you body wouldn't be able to metabolize this vast amount of food. You would probably be sick, gain a decent amount of fat, but in the long run you certainly wouldn't suddenly gain 50 pounds in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes diaper rash? | [
"The moisture does cause more irritation from rubbing, but it's also the irritants in urine and faeces, including the different pH (acidity) that inflames the skin."
] | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it safer to spot weld battery cells instead of just using solder? | [
"Welding creates higher temperature but for a very brief time. The longer high temperature of soldering can damage the cell."
] | [
"It makes manufacturing slightly cheaper by allowing a shorter length of wire (or simply a metal shunt) between batteries connected in series."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is spider string so strong? | [
"Its molecular properties and the way it forms. It's a protein that isnt grown like hair or finger nails. It starts as a fluid. The fluid passes through small tubes which condenses it down into thread size but it's still a fluid. Then a tensional force is exerted on the fluid thread which causes a molecular change ... | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Apparent retrograde motion of planets | [
"As you said in the title of your question, it's *apparent,* because the planets obviously aren't changing direction. It just appears that way to us in the sky because the planets orbit at different distances from the sun at different speeds. For example, Earth moves around the sun faster than Mars. As Earth approa... | [
"Jupiter is visible with the naked eye, no technology is needed. What was needed was good tracking, to observe that the movements of the visible planets didn't match the movements of the other stars."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are plane windows so small? | [
"787 windows are larger than most 19\" high, compared to average of 11\" or 12\". Concorde, since it flew much higher, had tiny windows, only 6\". But there isn't much you can do for width. Aircraft is a thin skin (1mm - 2mm thick) Supported on a frame. The windows can't be wider than the spaces between the frames... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do canned/sealed foods expire and at different rates? | [
"You can never get 100% of the bacteria out, nor 100% of the air. Over time the bacteria will breed and grow to toxic levels. Depending on what the product is it will foster the growth of said bacteria at different rates, so different foods have different timescales for spoilage. The expiry date is rarely when the ... | [
"People often get the sale by date and actual expiration mixed up. A product is usually good beyond the sale by date. At expiration, as another user said, eyes and nose. You can usually tell with fish, dairy, and meat if it goes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Food storage:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Food storage:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do the sensor bars at the entrances and exits of shops work? | [
"It emmits a laser beam (usually IR) that reflects of the surrounding structure, the sensor picks up the reflection (the echo so to say) if something enters the area the echo changes and the sensor realises it and opens the door"
] | [
"Some lights are just on timers. Some lights have cameras on the poles to detect vehicles. Some lights have sensors embedded into the asphalt to sense cars. All of these things are monitored and managed by the local government in your area."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does alcohol make you want to smoke more? | [
"I'm not an expert, but my guess is two primary reasons. One is association - you're accustomed to smoking while drinking, so when you drink you are reminded of smoking. Second, alcohol lowers inhibitions, so you're more likely to think \"oh sure why not one more smoke\" instead of thinking, \"smoking is really bad... | [
"Almost everything will make *someone* nauseous, or vomit. Will that be you? Probably not, but there's a chance. I myself can't have too much caffeine or it makes me feel nauseous. Other people, my parents for example, drink Starbucks or energy drinks like water. Instead of water, would probably be more appropriate... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and lifestyle:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health and lifestyle:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does rolling after falling reduce the impact on the legs? | [
"Yes, but some is being transitioned into forward momentum, which allows some to bleed off. So like. . . . . . Throw a brick into a bathtub full of water. It hits hard and big splash right? Now try “skipping” the brick over a lake. Does that visualization help?"
] | [
"There's a theory that it happens as a reaction from the removal of heat from the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does the North Star appear to stay in the same place in the sky? | [
"The Earth spins on an axis, angled a number of degrees to one side. Regardless of the time of day or the time of year, one point on the Earth, at the physical North Pole is always facing the same direction, with only a slight variation. Because of that, the star Polaris appears to be incredibly close to the same p... | [
"They could look up at the stars and see that they seemed to gradually rotate through a long cycle, regardless of how they thought it happened. When Earth is on one side of the sun the stars seen at night are different from those seen on the other side, so from that one can calculate the length of a year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why several pictures taken with a digital camera with the same settings has different sizes. | [
"If you have large areas of similar colour, the jpeg compression means that the file will be smaller, because rather than writing, say, 200 pixels all with 3 different RGB values, it will instead say 'here are 200 pixels all with this RGB value'."
] | [
"Horizontal or vertical. It could be that the refresh rate of the screen is slow enough to be captured on a camera. Besides from that it could be the screen and/or the camera has too low of a resolution, and the pixels between the screen and camera don't line up correctly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Computer Science:"
} |
do things cool faster if you leave them in a cooler place? | [
"The rate at which something cools down (or heats up) is proportional to the difference between the temperature of the object, and the temperature of its surroundings. This is [Newton's law of cooling](_URL_0_). So, in your example, the boiling water would cool down faster in the colder room."
] | [
"who told you you cant? long as its number 2 lead its all the same. Maybe they fear you cant put enough pressure to make it dark enough."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is Conway's Game of Life, and how is it linked to the Hacker community? | [
"It is an example of a complex system that derived from very simple rules. You are right, it is more of a simulation rather than a game as such."
] | [
"It would help if instead of something like: The Five-Year-Old's Guide to the Galaxy, A collection of the greatest explanations from this subreddit. Comment to suggest additions. read **The search bar is your friend. ↑↑↑ LOOK, IT'S RIGHT UP THERE! ↑↑↑** **Things you don't have to ask, they've already been answered... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If music CDs are burned with the opening tracks towards the center, how are open-world video game discs burned? | [
"Ignoring the hard drive element of modern games, for games that *did* run entirely from the disc, the non chronological nature of their storage wouldn't have been a problem. Unlike a music CD, it wasn't necessary to read the disc from start to finish in one go. (Indeed, even with a music CD, you can use track sele... | [
"The problem arises from the fact that the DVD is a form of physical media. Data is written sequentially to the disc and when it reaches the end of the menu track it has to seek back to the beginning. This causes the playback to stop while the laser moves back to the appropriate position. This is the exact same rea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do video games know they are a pirated copy | [
"I don't know all the tricks, but a couple are... 1. Printed CDs that contain intentional errors. If the error is there, the disk is considered legit. If it is not (i.e., fixed when the disk is copied) then it is not legit. 2. Special instructions written into the empty parts of the 'table of contents' on the disk.... | [
"nothing is 100% transparent otherwis you would not be able to see it"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are subatomic particles just little balls of matter that can't be broken down further? | [
"It's much stranger than that. At that scale, you have to consider [particle-wave duality](_URL_0_), meaning that they behave like particles in some way, and like waves in other ways. And [quantum field theory](_URL_1_), basically says that all particles are actually excited states of quantum fields. Here's anothe... | [
"> But what does an atom actually look like? It doesn't look like anything, it *can’t* look like anything. The structures are too small for visible light to distinguish. It is like trying to map out the structure of someone's face by poking it with a probe the size of a building. > Is an atom actually like a ball,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What is market rate housing and why is it beneficial and/or harmful? | [
"\"market rate\" is a term usually used to describe rental units leased at whatever rate the landlord and tenant agree to. This is in contrast to units subject to a maximum rent (rent controlled or affordable workforce housing) or that are subsidized by a third party (a government)"
] | [
"Pregnant women qualify for Medicaid, which is paid for by the government, if they do not have insurance. The Medicaid cuts off for the woman after the child is born, but will continue to cover the child until it's 18 years old if the mother cannot get health insurance for the family from a private insurance compan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How did album covers were printed in the 70s, 80s? | [
"Art is painted. Art is then photographed. Enlarger is used to rephotograph the picture at the correct size. Printing plate(s) is made from the negative. Offset press is used to print the artwork onto cardboard. Cardboard is folded and glued to become the album cover."
] | [
"What drugs were popular in 19th century Britain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- why does water react so violently on a grease fire? | [
"The grease has a boiling point way beyond that of water. When the water hits the hot grease it flashes into steam instantaneously carrying small amounts of grease with it. The grease is now in a flammable state of almost gas and woomf goes your kitchen. Doesn’t take a lot to start said woomf either."
] | [
"Salt is (reletively) non-reactive and has a high melting point. By putting salt on a fire, you can keep the hot whatever from getting the oxygen necessary to burn. This smothers the fire. Added bonus is that cleanup is easy since salt dissolves in water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is rectal prolapse a difficult condition to cure | [
"Because normally there are connections which keep your rectum from prolapsing. If you prolapse, those connections are already broken. Even if everything is put back in the right place, nothing is keeping it from just happening again."
] | [
"You may be experiencing prostatitis. Swelling of the prostate. It puts pressure on the bladder and creates the sense that you need to urinate even if your bladder is empty. Caffeine and alcohol can increase the chances of experiencing this. It can be non-infectious or infectious. You'll need to see a doctor to fin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is between your organs in your body? Is it air? | [
"Nothing. Imagine if you put a bunch of chicken breasts in a ziplock bag with bit of marinade, then pushed all the air out and sealed it. There should almost never be air in your actual abdominal cavity."
] | [
"In the Nucleus of any human cell on your body. So blood, hair, skin. It can be pulled from any part of your body. Edit: Any cell your body produces contains your DNA in its nucleus, Which is the large ball in the center of the cell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The Navier-Stokes equations - why does it not work with fluid motions that are highly turbulent? | [
"It is based on the assumption of that the fluid can no be squeezed and that the forces on the liquid is proportional to the viscous forces (honey is very viscous and liquid helium is very very low). So in very turbulent flows, these assumptions no long hold so you can't estimate away the effects of compressibility... | [
"For many applications simulating acoustics, a series of assumptions are then made to simplify these equations: the system is assumed lossless and isentropic (adiabatic and reversible). Yet, if you retain both the viscous and heat conduction effects, you will end up with the equations for thermoacoustics that solve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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