query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is the center of the earth hot? | [
"1. There are heavy radioactive isotopes that sink to the earth’s core and generate heat 2. Crust and mantle material sinking into the core creates friction and heat. 3. Finally the original heat from when the earth formed from compressing dust has not dissipated, molten rock is a surprisingly bad conductor of heat... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are cicadas so loud? | [
"They are attempting to attract a mate. It’s a bit like Tinder, but cicadas can’t use phones. So they just scream at the top of their lungs."
] | [
"Also, why are some people not ticklish at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is causing the current polar vortex in the US? | [
"It is not abnormal to have temps like this creep into the US. I mean, the lowest windchill ever recorded in Chicago was -82 back in 1983. This is getting a lot of talk simply because it's a once in 20 year event, but it's nothing too extreme. People pointing to climate change as the reason for this are oversteppin... | [
"So basically we have two semi rare (more irregular than rare) phenomenons happening at the same time. I'll try and keep it reaaaaaal simple. This year is a strong El Nino year which is caused when the Pacific has warmer than average water which results in warmer air. El Nino is a warm phase of the [El Nino Souther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What determines a stock's price at any given time? | [
"The price you see is generally the price of the last sale. How was that price determined? By the open limit orders There are orders that sit on the market waiting to be filled. Limit orders buy or sell a certain amount of stock at a set price or better. If the stock is trading at $100 then there are some open buy ... | [
"First, we must understand that value is a wholly subjective concept. A company does not have a true value; its value is whatever someone is willing to pay for it. Second, there are several ways to represent value. Stock price is not a good one, because it is very dependant on the number of shares available. That ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do our fingers and toes get cold before any other body part? | [
"Because they are the areas that blood takes the longest to travel to, and also have no insulation in the form of fat, or even muscle. Which is why we get cold sequentially from places further from our core inwards."
] | [
"You have a higher concentration of nerves in your hand than you have in most other places on your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the change machine at Chipotle give me such weird combinations? I get 56¢ as a quarter, 3 dimes, and a penny. What is the algorithm doing to decide I don't get the usual 2 quarters, nickel, penny? | [
"Quarters are usually the first to run out, it probably switched over to another combination when they ran out of quarters."
] | [
"The bill is 77 cents. You give the clerk $1.02, and get back 25c (a quarter) instead of two dimes and three pennies. Isn't that better?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why is it that chimpanzee muscle is so much stronger than human muscle, even though the muscle mass is similar? | [
"There are some genetic differences that make chimp muscle a little stronger than human muscle of the same size, but the biggest reason is *where* their muscles connect to their bones. Human muscle is attached closer to the ends. This gives us a wider range of motion, but we have less leverage and therefore less s... | [
"The volume of the brain doesn't matter. The number of folding is what matters. Imagine having a 100 meter square sheet, versus a 10 meters square sheet. Now take the large one and cram it into a human skull. Do the same with the 10 m2 sheet and push it down into the elephant skull. The 100 m2 sheet has obviously m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do pilots write text in the sky? | [
"An on off switch controls the \"ink\" and I wager pilots are familiar enough with flying and navigating that it's not an issue. Like writing letters in freshly fallen snow using your car, any seasoned driver could manage that without additional tools."
] | [
"This is really cool! Is there an easy way to search through it for a particular topic?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do people “stare into the sky” when intensely trying to remember/solve something | [
"Try remembering something while staring closely at something and then while staring into the distance. During a car ride through the countryside, mom (who's a doctor) told me to look at the mountains to relax my eyes and brain. Looking closely at objects makes your eyes strain and lowers brain concentration. Sta... | [
"Frowning seems to cause you to narrow your eyes so that you can reduce your field of vision. This cuts off extraneous information and lets you devote more brain time to what you are pondering upon. When I'm concentrating deeply, I tend to scowl, and people ask me why I do that and i say \"I'm thinking furiously\".... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do liquid hand sanitizers cause superbugs while soap & water are safe? | [
"Water takes the surviving germs away, while with sanitizers they remain in contact with people and can multiply and spread with little to no competition due to the sanitizer killing the rest of them."
] | [
"Soap is not really antibacterial. But bacteria survives in the oils and dirt on your skin, which soap and water removes, along with most bacteria. This mechanism is not something that a strain of bacteria can develop resistance to, as much as it cannot become resistant to alcohol or high temperatures. There are so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
If siblings take "Ancesotry DNA Tests" will their results be the same? | [
"[_URL_0_](_URL_0_) From what this article says those tests are guesses at best."
] | [
"There's no standard term \"genetic siblings\" or \"genetic cousins\" that I've ever come across. However, to answer your question: the offspring will have as much in common as if they all had the same parents. So genetically they are similar to siblings."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is a lower heart rate indicative of better health? | [
"It means that your heart is stronger. It can pump blood at a lower rate and still move as much blood as a weaker heart could at a faster rate."
] | [
"Asthma medication for people that don't have asthma supposedly gives them better cardiovascular performance and lets their lungs breathe better. Doesn't make a difference in my experience though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do wounds inside the mouth heal compared to the outside? | [
"Several of the responses are at a very high level so I'll try to ELI5 this a bit. First of, wounds in the mouth generally heal slower than those on the skin due to the fact that the mouth is wet which doesn't allow as much blood clotting as the skin (also a reason as to why it never seems to stop bleeding). As fo... | [
"You have a higher concentration of nerves in your hand than you have in most other places on your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that when you wear socks all day, the bed feels so good right after you take them off? | [
"Taking off socks : Letting them breath Laying down : Relieving pressure of standing all day perhaps."
] | [
"As someone who had to wear steel-toed boots for a job once, my feet felt like they weighed nothing at all when I took the boots off at the end of the day. So probably, yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Exactly Does Viagra Work? | [
"Sildenafil is a vasodilator, meaning it makes your blood vessels expand, increasing blood flow. A penis is very vascular, so an increase in blood flow makes it much easier to get and maintain an erection"
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Can a massive amount of gravity freeze time? | [
"No. Only an infinite mass could do that, and the existence of an infinite mass would essentially destroy the universe."
] | [
"Why would the attraction of a black hole make anything travel faster than light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why do most people find rats unappealing but other rodents such as squirrel and hamsters cute? | [
"I would imagine at least partially since rats have been associated with spreading disease for a very long time."
] | [
"I believe it's because the mostly cute, cuddly animals are mammals. They're more like ourselves than snakes or lizards, etc. Also, because mammals are warm blooded they actually _like_ to cuddle (in general) because that's what mammalian mothers do with their own off-spring. Plus, they're just so damn cute!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Is depression genetic? | [
"There is a known correlation where if a person has/had depression that there is a higher likelihood of their children having depression and increased risk for other mental disorders. However we don't exactly understand the brain well enough, nor depression, to actually dictate the cause... So genetics might have a... | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Cpk vs Ppk in Manufacturing? | [
"Because it is much easier to calculate CpK rather then PpK although with computers nowadays it isn't as much of an issue. Secondly, as a regular customer I am not as much interested in measures of variation within a batch but rather more interested that every batch is similar. PpK will catch systematic drift in y... | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how come if you jump up in a moving plane you don’t move further back in the plane? | [
"It is the same as if you jump up in a moving train, as much as the plane is moving forward at 600km/hr, so are you. So even though it seems to you that you jumped straight up and landed in the same spot, you actually carried on moving forward with the plane. Theoretically, if the plane started accelerating as you ... | [
"Its because the Astronauts are moving with to the earth when they leave the atmosphere, its like how you can throw a tennis ball straight up and down in a moving car without it zooming off behind you at 100kph"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do children find it funny causing 'pain' to others? | [
"Kids are sadistic assholes. (Yes, I have kids). Really though, kids usually know the difference between actually hurting someone and pretending to hurt someone. They are clued by our exaggerated and comical responses. Also, cartoons make people hurting each other humourus."
] | [
"Been there, done that. Laughing comes much more naturally to kids because there are so many new first times seeing or experiencing humorous things. Also, the media (and fail compilations) deadens us over time. And another great source of laughter is when things are funny, but you're not allowed to laugh because yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Dungeons and Dragons. My boyfriend is really into D & D and his favorite show is Critical Role. I want to get into it but I don’t really understand it. | [
"I was skeptical about D & D at first until a friend pitched it to me like this: imagine a video game where you have control of everything you can imagine. All that matters is the dice roll. Wanna cut the head off a monster and punt it? Roll. Wanna hide under a table? Roll. It's better to play with creative, imagin... | [
"I think your last sentence says it all. Most people just grow up, get jobs, have to worry about paying rent or a mortgage. Yet there are plenty of people I know who still live action role play, play D & D, etc 20 years on from leaving university. I'd be one of them to be honest if I could find a local group. I mea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people raise their heads when they say goodbye to each other? | [
"Raising your head is form of \"greeting\" it can also be used as a form of saying goodbye (similar to the itialian word ciao). Nodding upwards exposes your throat, in the animal kingdom generally seen as a sign of trust. Fun fact: ever notice that when greeting formal aqaintances you tend to nod down awards instea... | [
"He's warming up for the eventual possibility that you are going to drop him in water. Why else are you holding him over the water anyways."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why can't a country in a trade surplus be sustained in that position indefinitely? | [
"It can. Imagine you have a job at a convenience store where they give you a 50% discount on baseball cards. You don’t care for them much, but your friend does. He regularly buys them from you for 90% of list. You never buy anything from him. Your friend has a trade deficit with you. The trade, though, is beneficia... | [
"It will have totally paid off its external debt. Nothing special about it really, a few countries actually have no debt at all (around 5 I believe) and they all follow the same mold of \"extremely wealthy, extremely small\" countries. The question is \"why would a country bother\". Debt is a great tool for buying ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How is a standing electromagnetic wave produced? What keeps it fixed in place? | [
"Electromagnetic waves have a certain amount of energy. If the \"space\" in which you create this wave is confined by higher energy barriers (high enough that can be considered infinite), then this \"wave\" will be fixed at the barriers and it will be oscillating in the space within, since it is unable to cross the... | [
"An electric field is generated by charged particles whether they are moving or not. A magnetic field is generated by moving charges."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How laser pointer image heads work? | [
"That piece of glass (or plastic) is called a diffraction grating. it's a carefully shaped lens that takes the light out and scatters it in odd patterns. A much simpler one can be seen in old-style overhead projectors, the sort you use with those transparent acetate sheets. In the case of the projector, that sheet ... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does the earth spinning on its axis not slow down or lose momentum? | [
"It does actually, but it's extremely slow. A modern day is longer by about 1.7 milliseconds than a century ago ([wikipedia](_URL_0_))."
] | [
"The sun, stars and moon would rise in the west. The jet stream and trade winds would be reversed. Earth axis rotation will now be opposite to the Moon's orbital rotation so gravity will gradually slow both rotations lengthening the Earth day and bringing the Moon in closer. Edit: If the Earth were to slow down an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does the Samsung Health app measure heart beat, oxygen saturation and stress levels? | [
"For Oxygen Saturation: > SpO2 can be measured by pulse oximetry, an indirect, non-invasive method (meaning it does not involve the introduction of instruments into the body). It works by emitting and then absorbing a light wave passing through blood vessels (or capillaries) in the fingertip. A variation of the li... | [
"it tracks your movement while you sleep. If the wearable has a heart rate monitor, it uses that as well to further it's accuracy. Generally speaking, the more you move in your sleep, the less accurate the readings will be. But overall, some studies were conducted on sleep trackers, like the Jawbone and others, and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does wind cause the temperature to feel colder? | [
"When your skin comes in contact with cold air, it'll heat it up a bit. This warm air acts a bit like a blanket - it protects your skin from the much colder air further away. This is called the \"boundary layer\". Since strong wind will blow the air away from your skin, the boundary layer will be much thinner than... | [
"Wind is just air moving from an area of high pressure to low pressure. You can imagine that high pressure air wants to move into the low pressure, and by doing so, creates wind. The more the pressure difference, the faster the wind. The difference in pressure can be caused by variations in temperature. That's all ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do devices reconstruct a piece of information that has been sent by radio waves? | [
"There is a lot of error correction in digital communication! There's two basic techniques: We can send a checksum along with the data. If I want to send you 01001001, I can also send \"btw there are 3 1s in the data I just sent.\" That way, on the off chance that one of those 1s gets flipped to a 0 (or vice versa)... | [
"Yes. But that's not how it currently works. In theory you could encode a message using bursts of a laser beam and that message would travel from origin to destination at the speed of light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a company present disappointing metrics on their earnings report (revenue decline, low profit, low profitability etc) but still experience a large stock price jump after hours? | [
"If you look at articles about it there is a quote \"better than feared\". The information in the reports was not unexpected because there is information available before that where you would get the som idea of what would be presented Apple had a pre-announcement on Jan. 2 on _URL_0_ It resulted in a stock that d... | [
"Market capitalisation measures what people think your company is worth, as reflected in the share price multiplied by the number of shares you have sold. Revenue just measures how much money your comapny has grossed in sales. A company can have high sales and low profits, which would reflect poorly on it and affec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how can small animals, mainly birds, survive and not seem to be phased by the unbelievably cold weather? | [
"Feathers evolved as insulation. Birds generally have two layers of feathers, the down and the outer feathers. They all trap air heated by the birds' metabolism. Fur and hair work the same way. Most animals also build up a layer of subq fat in the winter for insulation."
] | [
"There are quite a lot of leaves for them to eat, plenty around to keep the population up, and they have sharp claws to ward off predators. Sloths can fuck you up if you aren't careful, as can most wild animals. They have slow metabolisms and usually move slow, hence the stereotypes, but they are doing just fine in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is homophobia called homophobia if it isn’t a phobia? | [
"Phobias are not just limited to fears, they also include strong feelings of distaste to something. So while not everyone will be scared of being gay or being scared of homosexual people, they can have a strong sense of dislike or hate towards the idea, thus is classed as a phobia."
] | [
"These words didn't develop naturally - they were coined by specific people. Sexism was defined in comparison to racism, hence the use of the same suffix, similar to how people use \"ageism\" and \"ableism\" today. Homophobia was coined by a different person. He chose the word \"phobia\" to describe homophobia as h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Psychology:"
} |
Why does a digital clock, connected to a stable power source, not keep accurate time? | [
"Most digital clocks of today regulate time via an oscillator. This is a tiny crystal that vibrates at a very specific and very constant frequency when an electric charge is applied to it (a phenomenon called piezoelectricity). The number of vibrations are counted by a circuit, and when they reach equivalent to one... | [
"The motherboard has an onboard battery (usually something like a CR2032 button battery) that it uses to keep a small bit of storage running. That storage contains your BIOS settings (boot order preference, BIOS password, etc) and a system clock. The system clock has a tiny circuit attached that allows it to store ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If plants only need water, CO2, sunlight and nutrients from the soil to flourish, where does the material for the actual growth of the plant come from? | [
"The CO2 from the air, and the water. Through photosynthesis, this is turned into sugar, which can then be turned into cellulose (hard plant material). It’s just air and water, which changes the way you think about plants - especially trees."
] | [
"New matter cannot be created. The reason we eat food and drink water is to replenish the matter we lose by being alive. The exact same concept goes for plants as well. Your body uses the excess to continue growing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:"
} |
Why does it feel so damn weird to walk after running on a treadmill | [
"My best guess is vection. It’s the sensation of movement (you have something similar to Carpenter levels in your ear for the x,y, and z axes) But the thing is you’ve inhibited this sensation partially (information from your vision overrides your inner ear levels) . So imagine when you were a kid and you put your ... | [
"And why don't I need it when I fall asleep on the couch?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why do semi trucks have spikes on the rims of their front tires? | [
"The driver thinks it looks cool. If those spikes were to actually hit something while driving you're already in the category of catastrophic failure, so the appearance that they're more dangerous doesn't really translate to a real increase in danger."
] | [
"It's because all of the wheels and rims on that type of truck are made the same. The wheel itself (metal part in the middle) is made to bulge out so you can take one and turn it around so it's touching the other one to make the double wheel that is in the back. Having the front tire be just a single tire is better... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Can someone explain the purpose of earwax? | [
"It coats the hairs in your ear and helps stop foreign material (dust, bugs, etc.) from getting into your eardrum. Dust and whatnot sticks to the earwax before it can make it deeper into your ear canal. The earwax then dries and the foreign material flakes away."
] | [
"Actually, ELI5, how the fuck are you relieving ear itches with your tongue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do teeth know when to stop growing? | [
"Teeth as their own are developed during pregnancy; the baby teeth that fall out and allow the adult teeth are all developed at the same time. (Check out a childs skull and where the adult teeth hide, really fascinating, real creepy) _URL_0_ The periodontal ligament (essencially gums) grabs the teeth amd pulls them... | [
"Your brain is telling your body to make room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the sperm know that it is supposed to look for the egg and to find it? | [
"As ridiculous as it sounds, a sperm finds an egg because it can smell it. It moves in reaction to specific substances being released by an egg that contact its olfactory receptors, and this automatic action guides it to the source of where those chemicals are coming from."
] | [
"The female is the one who produces the egg while the male produces the sperm. So if you have a penis that puts an egg into the male to be fertilized you would be considered female."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If there is the ph value for aqueous solutions, what is the equivalent to determine acidity of fats? | [
"This seems like a question a bit too complex for eli5. Are there skin care subreddits? Maybe even someone on r/teens knows about this?"
] | [
"It does, but the solution is no longer .1M, M is per volume of water, its concentration. if the concentration of HCL changes then the pH will change as well. Normally it is so high to start that it won't change the log value of the hydrogen concentration. Depends on the buffer as well, water is neutral, adding it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How accurate are statistics transformed from yearly to daily | [
"I guess it depends on what you mean by accurate. It does not mean that every hour there are 15 rapes(or whatever the number is), but that the average hour will have that number of rapes. The purpose is to illustrate how often some event happens. Humans aren’t good at visualizing large numbers, so saying 130,000 a... | [
"Empirically, they track a large bumber of individuals to get an average. Same way we do it for humans, how long they live on average is their lifespan."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Astronomy:"
} |
Who decided to name winter storms in the U.S.? | [
"You're probably thinking of The Weather Channel which started in 2012. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) doesn't recognize their names and neither does NWS (National Weather Service). Their criteria are arbitrary and use a similar alphabetical convention used in hurricane naming."
] | [
"It would be Canada from Greenland to Mexico."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that after you brush your teeth with mint toothpaste, cold air feels colder? | [
"Menthol, which responsible for \"minty\" taste, irritates cold receptors. And because of air or something cool they become more reactive, thus this feeling. (I literally read this on Reddit a while ago, whoever that person (who wrote explanation) is — thank you.)"
] | [
"It's a detergent called sodium laurel sulfate, and it is used in toothpaste make the foam you get when you scrub with toothpaste. The foam helps pick up the debris you scrape away from your tooth surfaces and carry it away. It also happens to block the sweet and salty receptors in your mouth from working, so all y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do animals, wild (squirrels, deer) or domesticated (cattle, horses), survive during cold snaps/generally harsh winters? | [
"Domesticated Cattle and Horses have barns, or other protective shelters for them to go into in regions that get harsh winters such as the Midwest. Wild animals have nests, or other places that are protected from the wind and will often huddle together to share warmth. But many will die. And yes, they can kill fis... | [
"In many areas, homeless shelters and other charitable organizations open more beds in the winter time. Some may \"fly south.\" Any form of shelter, even unheated, can provide relief from winter weather; many will squat in abandoned buildings. Also, just because a person is homeless doesn't mean they are without he... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does water evaporate if the boiling point is 100° C? | [
"In any body of water every molecule will have different amounts of energy. In, say, a puddle, most of the molecules will have fairly low energy, but some will still have enough to zip right out of the puddle and into the air - in other words, they evaporate. When you add heat - say the sun comes out and warms the ... | [
"In a 600 mL Red Bull there are 30 g of sugar. The solubility of sucrose sugar in water is 250 g/100 mL at 25 degrees celsius. That means you can dissolve 1.5 kg of sugar in that drink before it starts crashing out of solution."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What makes popping candy pop? | [
"Pop rocks are candy pieces with little bubbles inside that have a large amount of gas. When these bubble lining weakens because you're mouth dissolves the sugar the gas escapes causing the pop. The process of pressuring the gas in is simple as blowing a lot of gas into the candy when it's still not hard then solid... | [
"Cooking is just science that makes you poop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How exactly plants deconstruct C02 during photosynthesis and why it's so difficult to do something similar on an industrial scale to reduce carbon in the atmosphere | [
"Photosynthesis doesn't deconstruct CO2. It uses CO2 in enzymatic reactions to add organic molecules to it, which ultimately turns it into sugars or other macromolecules. Photosynthesis \"fixes\" carbon. So it converts CO2. & #x200B; It isn't impossible to use photosynthesis as a way to curb carbon emissions. In f... | [
"There is. In a car, it is called the 'catalytic converter', which removes pollutants like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Modern diesel engines also include filters that remove the carbon dust. Of course, there is nothing we can do about the big pollutant, carbon dioxide. It is the main... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why have batteries not advanced in their lifespan as fast as external storage has grown in storage capacity and managed to become smaller? | [
"Because they are completely different technologies with completely different functions and underlying technologies and methods of function."
] | [
"Your perception is mistaken. The improvements to cell phones are pretty minor, and the improvements to laptops and PCs have been as steady as ever. The difference is that the focus in laptop computing has shifted. Rather than reasonable power (which has become pretty common and cheap), laptops are focusing on batt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Technology:"
} |
Why were allergies not as common as they are now? | [
"One theory is that [we're too clean](_URL_0_). By keeping our kids clean and not letting them chew on UFOs (unidentified floor objects), we're either preventing their immune systems from building a proper \"database\" of pathogens early on, or we're preventing them from coming into contact with symbiotic species t... | [
"It's possible these disorders existed at a similar rate in the past but just never were diagnosed. There was not as large an emphasis on mental health in years past as there is today."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What was the impact of the great wall of China on wildlife? | [
"For much of the US-Mexico border there already is a fence that prevents much wildlife getting through. In some sections something rabbit sized might get through, in others it would be like mouse sized."
] | [
"Was any Asian country capable of helping the United States during the revolutionary war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
the difference between dew point and humidity | [
"Architecture/construction? It's for where the water vapour will condense inside your structure. If the structure isn't insulated enough, not correctly made dew-resisant, the dew point will be inside the construction, and could lead to mold and water damage. It's under specific circumstances. I don't know for sure,... | [
"It's a mathematical calculation based on wind speed and humidity levels. It's a comparison to what the temperature would feel like it there was no wind and a \"normal\" level of humidity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes certain plastics safe to cook with (ex. sou vide) and not react chemically with food? | [
"Your bags say single use only to make you buy more of them. It's the same with water bottles - they have similar warnings of \"don't refill\" which you can safely ignore. Now to get to your main question. Plastics are made up of long chains of atoms. By selecting what type of atoms in what configuration are in thi... | [
"Manufacturing student here who works with plastics all the time. Most water bottles are made out of PET (poly ethylene terephthalate). Inherently, PET has nothing in it that could cause cancer etc, but the additives that the manufacturer uses can. They will add things like color, UV additives, fillers etc and thes... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Safety:"
} |
Why would Homo sapiens ever migrate north into colder climate? | [
"Well, back when we were migratory creatures, we wouldn't. Head north during the warner months and south fir the cooler months. But once we decided that settling down was better. The amount of fertile land and other natural resources was tempting enough for the settlers to brave a few cold months."
] | [
"> How did they quickly adapt to it when earth transitioned from it's tropical weather to the ice age? It's important to understand the whole Earth didn't turn into a frozen iceball. There were still tropical jungles, deciduous forests, and the like, warm areas existed. Humans and other animals were forced towards ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are triangles the strongest shape? | [
"Triangles are only strongest shape in certain applications. For example, a circle is stronger when containing pressure from the inside. Hence why most pressure vessels are cylinders."
] | [
"Might not be the true answer, but three is the smallest form of a pattern. Once was an accident. Twice is a coincidence. Three is intentional. It's also the sides to a triangle, which can support itself given the proper foundations. (see: stools)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it so hard to cure cancer? | [
"Cancer is not a typical disease like the flu or even AIDS. Cancer is like your own body cells being confused of what they are supposed to do, so they end up growing and growing without ever stopping. This creates tumors – also known as Cancer."
] | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When they say the average life expectancy is 75 years old, does this count for someone in their 20s or younger? Since life expectancy is expected to increase in the next few decades, will the life expectancy of someone in their 20s today rise with it, or is it expected to stay at 75? | [
"It's based on how long people are expected to live now based on the ages people are dying now, which is why lowering infant mortality significantly boosted life expectancy in the early 1900s. [Also, life expectancy is actually going down](_URL_0_) (in the US, at least), so it doesn't necessarily need to go up ove... | [
"Cancer is largely a disease of old age. The longer you live the more likely you are to get cancer of some sort or another. Historically, a lot of people didn’t live long enough to get cancer. On top of this, detection is getting better, so more cancers are caught, or are caught earlier, than was the case in the pa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people say the ACA mandate that makes people buy insurance is unconstitutional? Is it? | [
"In short, the individual mandate initally stood as it could be ruled as a tax. With the punishment fine now set to $0, that basis no longer exists, thus the constitutionality of the ACA (specifically, a few parts of it) is once again the subject of debate."
] | [
"It's not really a giant health insurance plan, it's a bunch of reforms to the health care system, one of which being an online marketplace where you can buy private health insurance. The main issue that Republicans have is that one of the reforms is that having health insurance is now mandatory, and there will be ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does soda/pop seem to settle an upset stomach, or is it just placebo? | [
"If your upset stomach is caused by gas buildup, the bubbles in soda can help you burp, releasing the gas and making you feel better."
] | [
"Ginger Ale contains Ginger. More specifically, ginger root, which is a natural anti-nausea remedy. The anti-nausea drug Gravol is made with Ginger Root as well. And Ginger pills are often administered to help with sea-sickness. And contrary to what some people believe, the carbonation does not help, in fact it wor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
We have semi accurate images of what people from before Jesus looked like, however, why are there no accurate and descriptive depictions of Jesus? Why are there no drawings? Wouldn’t one of his followers had described or drawn him to a full extent? | [
"Why would we know what he looked like? Jesus *at the time of his death* was essentially a nobody. What he became, and whether you want to bring Faith in or not, is irrelvant. At the time of his death he was a dirty peasant leading a cult. Nobody cared what he looked like. We have no idea what most people from that... | [
"I was once told by a Muslim that Mohammed requested that no images be made of him as he didn't want to be worshiped as an idol. Interestingly, the vast majority of Middle Eastern art I've seen is abstract, geometrical or of something like flowers. They don't tend to go in for portraits as a rule. Source: I live in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Art and History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Art and History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why do hot metals and objects always turn red when they are very hot? | [
"As the energy inside the object increases it begins to emit energy in the visible spectrum which has a certain order (like a rainbow) if something gets hot enough it will start to emit white light not orange or red. These colours are how blacksmiths and other metal workers can tell the approximate temperature of m... | [
"It's an exothermic reaction type of thing. The melting point of that chocolate in the middle is so much lower than the temperature of your tongue that you can feel the energy transfer of the heat leaving your tongue. The same things happen with diamonds....the diamond can be room temperature but if you were to put... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How come our wet little delicate eyeballs don't feel cold in below freezing weather? | [
"Our eyes are for the most part made of water. Specific heat, which is a measure of how much energy it takes to warm a substance up, is really really high for water compared to a lot of other substances including air. *That means a lot of energy needs to be transferred from our eyes to the surrounding air to make o... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does listening to music make you work faster? | [
"It comes down to phycology. Music that you like helps improve your mood, distorts your sense of time and keeps your brain active and focused. Slow work comes from distracted bored brains, a repetitive task you get no stimulation from causes the brain to drift. Music keeps the brain entertained, providing a source... | [
"You get tired using your brain too you know. That thing uses a lot of energy. Do you use your brain a lot at work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do voice assistants like Siri or Google Assistant say so many things? | [
"I *think* it has a bank of \"noises\" or syllables so all of the noises are put together when talking, so your name will be made from those noises, like it is with most other names"
] | [
"Via the microphone, your phone “heard” the sound of the shows, matched them in a database and then delivered the ads slated for that demographic. It uses the same mechanism as Siri or Ok Google or Alexa and the same speech recognition. For example, my wife and I were talking about fried chicken for dinner. Later ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what is the polar vortex and how can we have -50 in Chicago and three days later +40? | [
"Fast moving air stream pulling down cold air from the area of the North pole, change in wind strength and direction results in warm air and a dramatic change in temperature. Cause of polar vortex is likely to be melting of the polar ice cap cause by global warming. So global warming can result in extreme cold weat... | [
"For the exact reason that you might expect. You've been cold all winter, and gotten used to zero degree weather. Oh look, it's now 65? Holy shit that's warm! Likewise, it's been 110 all summer. Holy shit, it's 65?? That's so cold!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do flames always burn upward? When you light a match, why do they continue to burn upward even if you twist the match around in your fingers, or flip it upside down? | [
"Flame is a result of burning air(hot air). Hot air is less dense than cold air, hence hot air rises up(like how a hot air balloon works, or if you imagine the atmosphere to be a pool of water, how a float would float upwards). Hence flame would also burn upwards. & #x200B; If free of gravitational effects, you ca... | [
"The exhaust gases and hot air are escaping up the top of the bottle, but there is no inlet for new oxygen to come in and fuel the flame. Imagine a fireplace with a chimney. The smoke and other gases go up the chimney, but the fire is fueled by the oxygen around the base of the fire. If air was coming down the the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What would happen if you put water under soo much pressure that when you froze it, it couldnt expand. | [
"Ice expands compared to water because if forms a nice open spacey crystal. Once the pressure gets high enough the ice takes on a different crystalline form which is more compact and so there's no expansion. Below about -60C it doesn't matter what the pressure is water will freeze. If you increase the pressure the... | [
"So you know how you can get drops of water forming on your window because of the cold? Well that happens up there too exept that it is so cold that the droplets freeze and the air so thin that they are very small."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does water that's been frozen for a long time taste very different when defrosted than it did before it was frozen? | [
"If you mean frozen in a freezer, then it’s because it absorbs many of the smells that come out of other foods and drinks, gases, etc. in your freezer. If you break off some ice from a pristine stream, or even sea ice in the arctic and melt it it will almost definitely taste like pure water (unless there was some p... | [
"It isn't necessarily harmful, but it isn't good for the product. When things are frozen commercially, it is done in a way to make the ice crystals as small as possible. Larger ice crystals will puncture the cells of the meat, causing the moisture to leak out when it is thawed; the smaller the ice crystal, the less... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do game consoles ( PS4, XBOX One) run games smoothly although they don’t have the same system requirements as powerful PCs? | [
"Console games are coded specifically to match the architecture (mainboard/CPU/GPU) present in each console. PC games need to be coded to be compatible with multiple different configurations."
] | [
"Emulation takes a lot of processing power (you need a very powerful processor to emulate a much weaker processor). As far as I know, computers are still not powerful enough to emulate the PS3 or Xbox360 properly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Technology:"
} |
In a big city like Chicago how are the drainage and sewer systems maintained during winters, when temperatures drop to like -20 and everything just freezes instantly? | [
"There's this thing known as a \"frost line\". It's the depth that the ground will freeze to, given a prolonged temperature. Cities know how cold it can get, and bury their sewage lines well below the frost line. This ensures that they don't freeze, even in extremely cold winters."
] | [
"The pipes running to your house are under ground, thermally insulated. When they hit your house (and run throughout your home) they aren't insulated as much. So, the cold water running through the pipes is already cold, and when you add the extreme cold temps that might happen in your house (like the basement in m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that warm/hot tap water often appears foggy and cloudy at first, but becomes clear after resting for a while? | [
"When water is in the pipes below your house, etc, it can be under a decent amount of pressure (this is why it comes out of your tap at a good rate, it is being pushed on by all of the water behind it, all the way up to the reservoir). This pressure forces more air than normal to dissolve into it (literally pushing... | [
"Shower water cools a lot as it falls. It's not nearly as hot when it hits the bathtub as it was when it came out of the shower head. How the water was heated, electric or otherwise, would have nothing to do with it assuming it leaves the shower head at the same temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If sound doesn't travel in space, does it stay in one spot? | [
"Sound waves cannot love in a vacuum right? Meaning you couldn’t create them either. Think of your own ears. Hitting a bowl with a spoon makes sound waves happen and they go towards your ears that pick them up. Now imagine there is no air in the room. There’s nothing to vibrate so there is no sound. And nothing... | [
"They are both happening at the same time. But the speed of sound is slower than the speed of light. So you hear it after you see it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is the moon and how did it get to earths orbit? | [
"I’m not sure about the Mariana Trench part, but the Moon is made of the same stuff as the Earth. The current hypothesis is exactly that - during Earth’s early stages, it got hit by a huge body about the size of Mars (another early planet). Both ‘Earth’ and this planet broke up into a bunch of pieces, the biggest o... | [
"a day is how long it takes to spin in one spot. a year is how long it takes to go in a circle around a star if the planet takes longer to spin than it does to circle around its star, then it's day is longer than its year"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the UK not get extreme Snow conditions, such like being in the USA currently, even though it has done so in many years past? | [
"The Gulf Stream that brings warm water from the Carribean ends in England. In years where the stream is diverted England gets covered in snow."
] | [
"Not to mention the weather has a big impact on people. Look at the suicide statistics for similar geographical locations. Alaska, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is something acknowledged as music if it has rhythm and harmony, but no melody? | [
"A melody can be so many different things, though. Just think about music that primarily percussion-based. Drum circles, and whatnot. That's still music, even though it's technically *just* rhythm and harmony."
] | [
"If a musician plays a piece perfectly according to the sheet music he is good technically but not musically. A good musician play slight variations upon what the sheet music say to better fit the rhythm and emotions of the piece. It is hard to explain but there is just certain sounds and timings that resonate spec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If twins will marry twins and they will have children in genetical point of view they will be silbings, why? | [
"They are cousins, but because their parents have identical DNA, genetically they might be regarded as siblings, because any variation that one couple can make, could be made by the other couple. But they are legally, and factually cousins. Edit: this only applies for identical twins marrying identical twins offcou... | [
"Identical twin brothers, yes they'll both have it. Fraternal twin brothers, possibly but no more likely than non-twin brothers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't we teach animals to talk? | [
"They don't have the physical capability (vocal cords) nor the mental capacity. Some animals such as chimps do have the mental capacity for basic \"speech\", which is how we can teach them sign language."
] | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why aren't viruses sorted into any kingdom? | [
"Viruses are not considered living. One of the criteria of being alive is to be able to self-reproduce. But viruses need other cells to reproduce for them. So they are not considered living."
] | [
"Yes...plants vs animals vs fungi vs bacteria are all classified as such due to their cell structure"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are you more likely to catch a cold in cold weather? | [
"lower body temps mean stress on your immune system which basically means its in a weakened state. your immune system is basically running faster than it can handle and trips up in the race to kill off viral or bacterial infections"
] | [
"I'm no expert, but I do know it's harder for you to wake up and feel energized during the middle of REM sleep"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health:"
} |
Do plants have a lifespan? | [
"yes, they are still vulnerable to the ever increasing cascade of genetic errors that we are"
] | [
"First, not all of them do. Elephants and crocodiles can live to be 100. Second, it has a lot to do with metabolism rates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are brackets placed around random words in internet articles? Such as, " The man [and] woman", or "[They were] standing near the scene". | [
"The words in the brackets are words that were not part of the original quote, but are needed so that the quote makes sense to the reader without the larger context of the whole conversation. Say an article quoted a guy: “And then I saw him after he ran out of the place, and he proceeded to run down the street.” Wi... | [
"Legs would be blown into the windshield. [Here] (_URL_0_) is a youtube video showing exactly what would happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Language and Writing:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Language and Writing:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
If "our saliva breaks down fat and carbs", why isn't saliva and flushing with water enough to keep our teeth clean and healthy? | [
"It doesn't break it down as much as it makes it easier to swallow. The enzymes coupled with mechanical force work quite well. Saliva does help keep bacteria in check, but some find ways to survive. We get tooth decay from the acids these bacteria produce and our saliva can't neutralize those."
] | [
"No long explanation here, as I'm not a hundred percent sure and have wondered this myself, but my dentist basically explained it as them not eating and drinking a lot of the crap that we do, like soda and stuff. All those acids that wear down our teeth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Cancer cure that scientists recently claimed to be one year away | [
"The treatment which the biotech company calls MuTaTo (multi-target toxin) is based on SoAP technology, which belongs to the phage display group of technologies. CEO of the biotech company Dr Ilan Morad said they started with identifying why other cancer-related drugs and treatment are not working and then they loo... | [
"It's usually a sensationalized headline. Usually they've cured it in mice, or have some test that's promising, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
“those two things are mutually exclusive” vs “those two things are not mutually exclusive”. | [
"Mutually exclusive means \"either or, not both\" You can either be alive, or you can be dead. You cannot be both alive and dead. These are mutually exclusive. You can be sick and tired. Being sick doesn't mean you can't be tired. Being tired doesn't mean you can't be sick. These are not mutually exclusive."
] | [
"it is like the founding fathers believing all men are created equal yet they own slaves, it is basically holding two contradictory beliefs at the same time although many people actually mean it to be the discomfort or distress felt when you try to rationalize contradictory beliefs. Either way, it is closely tied t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do my teeth stay sharp enough to cut through food? | [
"A knife depends on a keen edge to cut through things with minimal force. With a blunt knife, you can still cut, but it takes more force. Your teeth rely less on being sharp and more on the power of your jaws. The average adult can exert around 50 pounds of force with their incisors and over 100 pounds with their m... | [
"Your skin is mainly made of living things. So it's soft, but can self repair. Your teeth are made mainly of minerals. So it's hard, hard enough to rip through skin and flesh, but there isn't really enough living things on the surface to repair much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is Carbon black but pure diamonds turn out clear? | [
"Each carbon in diamond is chemically bonded to four other carbon atoms. This produces a repeating crystal structure and changes the way the individual bonds interact (or here, fail to interact) with light. Other carbon-rich materials are either not 100% carbon like coal or tar, are disorderly like carbon black, an... | [
"Compounds have different properties than their base elements Glass is Silicon Dioxide. Silicon is opaque, its what micro chips are made out of. Oxygen is a gas, its not a solid like glass. Yet when you let them combine you get sand, when you melt them you get glass. Leaded glass mixes Lead(II) oxide in with the Si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are TV antennas a separate accessory? | [
"There are differences between a $2 antenna and a $100 antenna though. Most important difference is the build quality. It is much harder to damage a $100 antenna. You may have issues with reception. So you may want to have your antenna outside and exposed to the elements. If the distance between antenna and televis... | [
"They're just two competing companies that offer more or less the same service, possibly with other perks. It's like asking the difference between Ford and GM. As a consumer, the only really difference to you is that some places accept one but not the other."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Finance:"
} |
How come for US passport photos, you can’t wear anything bulky or show your teeth when you smile? | [
"They want to be able to use image recognition technology to detect faces. When you cross into the US they will take a picture of you, and in that picture you are also not supposed to smile or show teeth. This way they can do and apples to apples comparison. If you were allowed to smile or make other facial express... | [
"Cameras can have some issues with clothing. Fine patterns can cause a moire effect, very bright colors or white clothing can cause exposure issues. The latter may be what they are referring to here but as long as your tie is not particularly bright, white, or finely patterned you should be fine. People wear ties a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How our metabolic rates can be wildly different from each other | [
"Lots of things can contribute to different metabolic rates and body composition, including amount of lean muscle mass, age, gender, hormones, genetics, and your microbiome (especially your Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio) just to name a few"
] | [
"If you eat more calories than you expend, you'll gain wait, and if you eat fewer calories than you expend, you'll lose weight. Your metabolism is basically the rate at which you are always spending energy, doing things like breathing, digesting food, sending signals through neurons, generating heat, beating your h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What would happen to Earth if the Moon was all of a sudden gone? | [
"Every night would be as dark as the New Moon. Animals that depend on the moon for navigation would be more confused than they are alright (via human lights interfering), potentially leading to their extinction in severe cases. Tides would be limited to weaker solar tides. The earth's rotation would no longer slow ... | [
"1. We'd all go flying, as we're currently rotating at 1,000 mph. So the human race would end and all of our cities would be instantly destroyed. 2. The part of the earth facing the sun would become extraordinarily hot; it would be uninhabitable for humans. 3. The part of the earth not facing the sun would freeze o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Climate science:"
} |
Why do you need a cable subscription login in order to watch the internet feed of the broadcast channels when you can just watch them for free with an antenna? | [
"The local broadcast channels pay a **lot** of money to the networks for the exclusive right to broadcast in their geographical area. Part of that agreement is them taking steps to make sure that everyone who sees their feed is within their licensed geographical area. Internet feeds make this a bit tricky. The easi... | [
"You absolutely do NOT need a subscribtion to watch TV LOL!. You know you how you get radio? Via an antenna? Yup you can get TV the same way-- totally FREE! Now you only get so many and certain channels just like you can only get certain channels on radio compared to SiriusXM. Some channels are broadcast over the a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Entertainment:"
} |
Why do our bodies crave salt when we need so little of it? | [
"Because it used to be so incredibly rare to find in nature (it only occurs in small quantities in food) and we desperately need it to function. Even after we started mining salt, it was valuable until large scale industrialization in the late 1800s allowed for deeper deposits to be mined."
] | [
"Too much salt causes you to retain water, which may increase blood pressure. But there is debate as to how bad a little salt actually is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there 7 musical notes only? | [
"The diatonic 7-note scale was developed in Greece at a time when the Greeks were obsessed with ratios. They thought that everything could, and *should*, exist as a perfect ratio to each other. An octave is a very nice ratio: go up an octave and you double the pitch, a 2:1 ratio. A \"perfect fifth\" - going from C ... | [
"Why were they sealed in the first place?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why when we yawn our eyes are starting to water? | [
"Certain facial muscles tense when you yawn, pushing out the water out of the gland where tears are produced."
] | [
"Optometrist here! Your eyelids basically ooze really moisturizing oil whenever you blink. So the less you blink/the longer your eyes stay open, the tears on your eye are literally evaporating and exposing your eye to the air which causes that burning feeling! Super common these days the more you're on your phone o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:"
} |
Why is it when you take a dump sometimes you just have to wipe until you use half the roll and other times it just take 1 swift wipe even with the same type of fecal structure? | [
"the composition of your poop is different based on what you eat. if you eat a lot of fiber you won't have to wipe as much. I'll take metamucil (a fiber supplement) sometimes because it makes wiping so easy. Without it... well lets just say my life is better with it. If i have a glass of metamucil 2 days in a row, ... | [
"I usually start with 6 squares, and fold it twice. Then I lean forward slightly and angle my right arm behind me, lowering my hand that is holding the TP until it is right under my ass hole. I then apply ample force to said ass hole and move my arm backwards in a wiping motion. Then I drop the toilet paper into th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What happens to the human body that makes it feel like cold isn't cold? | [
"Your body can't actually sense temperature. It feels heat being absorbed or lost. So when you are losing heat your body tells you that your surroundings are cold. The more heat you lose the more you perceive your surroundings as being cold. Also, the greater the temperature differential between two things, the fas... | [
"So you don't die. Water doesn't go there, and when it does, you can be at risk of drowning. Having a severe reaction to even a little water up your nose it a good way to keep you out of trouble."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does water dripping or spilling (in small amounts) on a house tile or wood floor cause any damage if its not cleaned up or am I just paranoid? | [
"Wood can warp if it gets wet and is not dried within a reasonable amount of time. How long depends on the wood and how it's finished. Tile is more durable and won't warp, but water under a tile can dmaage the subfloor if it goes too long. Impact of water on tile or wood isn't a problem unlrss it goes on for months... | [
"Often times the knobs and connections to shut off the shower aren't working great so a small bit of water gets through which will drip out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What does emotional intelligence mean? | [
"Knowing exactly how you feel, identifying whether it will be an issue to yourself or others, and knowing how to correct the problem if it gets extreme"
] | [
"Effect is a noun. What is the effect of something? Affect is a verb. What can affect something?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is it worth the effort to wash your hands after peeing, if there's bacteria on the public bathroom tap? | [
"Just use a paper towel to turn the water on/off. Also, you should wash your hands before peeing. Your hands are dirty and covered in bacteria and you're touching yourself with that."
] | [
"Well I'm not really sure if toilet paper provides a legitimate barrier to germs, but I do know that it is unnecessary to do such a thing. Most people are worried that when they sit on a public toilet, it is covered with nasty germs. However, the toilet seat itself is truly not that dirty compared to physical curre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What qualifies something as a language? | [
"I don't believe there is a strict line but Afrikaans for example qualifies as an own language. It has very strong influences from dutch but also from other african languages. In general you might say, if you can understand a language quite well like a Bavarian understands someone from Berlin it's just dialects but... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.