query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How did the first people find land in the middle of the Pacific Ocean like Hawaii when it seems like finding land in the space of vast ocean is like throwing darts blindfolded? | [
"Sea-going civilizations have a good deal of knowledge of the surrounding area from their fishing activities. Beyond this, cloud formation and tidal patterns can give you clues about islands long before you can see the actual island. However, the most likely method for groups like Polynesians would have been simply... | [
"It's random. The continents drift over time. We happen to be living in a historical moment where most of the landmass is in the Northern Hemisphere, but in a couple hundred millions years it'll look totally different, just as it looked totally different a few hundred million years ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how saving water in X location, helps better accessibility in Y location | [
"The true is that Metropolitan or large populated areas will always have preference from the government to give basic services first and that's because of votes, stop protest and clean image of the country. Sadly, most of the time water comes from the places where they \"don't have\" water. So saving in the metropo... | [
"Employees, analysis, electricity, patient backup (other patients waiting...) etc. not so much money as resources."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What noticeable difference (if any) will I notice with 5G on my phone? Is it that much of a difference from LTE? | [
"Its just another name for 4G LTE. It is not faster. It means nothing. It is a gimmick from AT & T"
] | [
"It's an older 3g network standard that was used by some networks, like Verizon and Sprint. It's slower than the 4g network (LTE) and the later 3g network (EV-DO) so you'll probably struggle to do much Internet browsing on it, but phone calls should work fine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it we can sometimes feel or hear our heart beating through various body parts, and what makes it happen as opposed to the majority of time where we can't? | [
"positional changes can affect this as well. ie. lying on left side compared to right side."
] | [
"Of the 5 most used senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste), 4 are located on your head. Only touch is in your entire body. Therefore, even if you were blind, everything you hear, smell and taste will still enter through your head. Since your brain doesn't have any sense of itself (there are no touch recept... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does cooking meat actually work? Where does all the blood go? | [
"The juice that comes out of meat when you cook it isn't blood, that's a misnomer. The meat that you buy at the supermarket has very little blood in it if any at all. Draining the blood from the animal is an important step in the butchering process. The red coloring and juice that comes out of the meat is myoglobin... | [
"Food is essentially a bunch of chemicals. When you heat up chemicals - give them more energy - they can change. Just like when you're at school and you used a Bunsen burner to produce a chemical reaction. That's what's happening to your food. By adding heat energy you're turning it into something slightly differen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and culture:"
} |
How come it feels like you're freezing when you have a fever? | [
"Your brain has an area that keeps your body at a normal temperature, typically 98.6°F. When your body is below that you feel cold (your brain telling you to go somewhere warmer or put on a jacket) and to shiver to increase the temp back to 98.6°F. When you feel warm and sweat it is your brain trying to get your ov... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why will some buisnesses not accept $50 and $100 bills? | [
"When a business sells lower-cost items, a large denomination bill takes a lot of change, and the, say, $85 in change they gave out is tied up until that $100 is deposited. It’s much easier for them, and makes more economic sense to not accept large bills."
] | [
"To make smuggling cash 5 times harder. It takes a bigger box to export ill-gotten drug gains, which makes it easier for law enforcement to catch evildoers. In 1969 the US government purged all the big bills, $500, $1000, $5000, and $10,000 to fight fraud, drugs, and money laundering."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why aren't pizza boxes traditionally round? | [
"Square boxes are easier to make. They can be flattened for storage and quickly unfolded when needed."
] | [
"The lack of water. Same reason that any pasta is hard before it's cooked. It's just in a square shape because that's how the manufacturer decided to sell it, and it doesn't fall apart because they're all tangled in each other."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is a CVT in a car and why do a lot of people hate it? | [
"You've probably seen a multiple speed bicycle with 5 or more gears on the rear wheel. If it were a CVT, it would look more like one cone, rather than distinct gears, where any spot on the cone can be use. So between 2 of the bikes physical gears, the CVT can great anywhere between the 2 gears. People hate them bec... | [
"Some do have an actual oil level indicator. I am not sure 100%, but I think it comes with more luxury cars. I know for a fact some Audi's made in the last 4 years have them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is that feeling/urge to move a limb (usually legs) after being in a position for too long? | [
"I don’t know if it has a specific name but it is in fact a defense mechanism of our body which prevents us from getting damage because of constant pressure. In coma patients or paralytic patients pressure injury is a fatal condition since they don’t have the ability to move their extremities and prevent continuous... | [
"Well when you have to go really bad, there's a lot a pressure in your lower abdomen because it is full of shit, literally. So your body sends a signal of this pressure to your brain leading you to feel uncomfortable. When you finally take a dump, the pressure goes away, so you feel relieved. You probably feel ene... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How did we deal with the VanAllen radiation belt for the manned mission to the moon, and the other mechanical probes we launched? | [
"[By getting through them as fast as possible](_URL_0_) - the less time spent in them, the less damage is done."
] | [
"> Did we send probes further and further till they failed as a means of measuring? No, we know how orbit work from measuring the trajectories of planets and other objects in space (as well as actual experimentations with man made crafts in low earth orbit). And we know, from tests on the ground how efficient our ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does an infrared/laser thermometer work? | [
"The laser is just for aiming purposes, it doesn’t actually participate in the temperature measurement. As for the infra red, all bodies which contain heat emit infrared radiation. The warmer something is, the more it radiates. There are infrared sensors that can measure this radiation and calculate the correspondi... | [
"Light and radiowaves are both forms of electromagnetic radiation. They can both be used to transmit information, Fibre optic cables, your infrared remote on the television and many other technologies use light as the communication medium."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:"
} |
How American Olympic gymnasts (Simone Biles, Aly Raisman, Gabby Douglas, etc) compete as teens over college-aged, NCAA gymnasts. Are they, as teens, that much better than college athletes? | [
"Strength to weight ratio maxes at about 10yo in girls. Add a few years for advanced training and poise. Strength to weight ratio in girls nosedives toward and after puberty, absent extreme training and/or eating disorders. However, if grace and poise are more prized, as in ballet, maturity becomes a plus."
] | [
"Most of the best male American athletes choose to play sports other than Soccer. Women's soccer is a top dog sport by comparison and attracts some of the best athletes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do herbivores gain enough protein/nutrients in their grass based diets to become such tank like beasts. (Like Bison) | [
"By the utilization of multiple stomachs. These are what allow for the extraction of the necessary nutrients for both growth and survival. They also seek out minerals like sodium in salt licks etc."
] | [
"Meat is more energy-rich than plant matter. Herbivores have to essentially eat all day while carnivores don't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Virtual Environment in programming | [
"You install Python on your machine. This includes some standard packages. For a lot of projects though, you'll have to install additional packages (using PIP for example). As you build more, and more complex projects, it becomes hard to track which projects use which packages. Also: different projects may use dif... | [
"Download RES. It allows you to. The link is at the bottom under tools."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How exactly US court bail system works? You pay this money and case is closed or you just don’t have to stay in prison before the trial? Do you get your bail money back if you found not guilty? | [
"You get arrested and charged with a crime. Except for serious crimes and a few other situations, you have two options. 1.) Wait out the time until your trial in a jail cell. 2.) Give the court a sum of money, to be returned after a satisfactory court appearance, and be released to live life relatively normally un... | [
"So when you get arrested, you may be able to post bail. That means you can paid the court to let you stay out of jail before your trial and you can get it back if you show up to court. Usually, you wouldn't paid the bail if its really high so I bail bond company may lend you the money. If you don't show up to cour... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that in many languages (for example Germanic ones, like English or German) have their "noble" words, and almost exclusively the noble words, derived from Latin, whereas the common words are from the original (Germanic, in this case) language family? | [
"Back in the day, like today, not everyone was equally educated. The most educated members of society got to learn more than just simple, everyday language. (German, English etc.) The Catholic Church performed their rituals in Latin. The clergy and the nobles were some of the best educated people in the land, so th... | [
"Äiti, haha, nënë, walida, unitsi, pia, hooyo... Your premise (\"nearly all languages\") is obviously false. Related languages, however, are likely to share some words - especially words that would be very old. English is related to a *lot* of languages through the Proto-Indo-European root language, from which *mot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Language and Translation:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Language and Translation:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How Does Sand Turn Into Glass? | [
"It's not \"sand\" that turns to glass, it's the primary ingredient in many types of sand that turns to glass. Silica is found in quartz which is one of the most common minerals on Earth. Most glass is made from silica, lime, and sodium carbonate _URL_0_"
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why is women life expectancy longer than men's? | [
"Many reasons. 1 - Men tend to take bigger risks, including doing things that are potentially lethal. 2 - Men tend to work more dangerous jobs such as firefighting, construction, and military service. 3 - Men are more likely to develop heart related issues, which may have a biological component but also is impacted... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can clouds can get in the way of the sun, but don't block out the light? | [
"Clouds do not block the sun, they change the speed of the light and defuse the light coming though them from the sun. This is why the tops of thunderclouds look like they are glowing while the bottom are dark, the light has slowed so far down it is no longer defuses."
] | [
"The warmth comes from the sun. The longer the time with no sun, the cooler it gets. Right before sunrise is the longest period of time without the sun."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does applying a raw steak to a black eye or swelling help? | [
"Just because it's cold and the shape fits against your skin contours to apply the cold efficiently. The trope of the steak to the black eye originates from before ice packs were in everyone's freezer at all times. Applying cold makes the blood vessels contract, which reduces swelling or bruising."
] | [
"You're literally cooking part of your skin, actually. The cold water helps to remove any excess heat, to stop whatever is burning you from burning you more. In addition, it may help a little to start to numb the area slightly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Was there an address besides www when the internet started? Why were these necessary and why is "www" still around? | [
"The internet existed for a couple of decades before the world wide web. The subdomain was used to indicate different services, such as ftp for file transfer and mail for emails."
] | [
"Because the internet was \"invented\" there. So the vast majority of the first websites were US focused. By the time things started to go international it was thought that the other countries might like a way to show a site is Canadian or from the UK. So those other top level domains were introduced."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do people lose coordination while playing VR games? | [
"Have you played it? There's big difference between looking lifelike, and looking good enough to throw off your senses. If it's good enough to make you believe it's moving, your mind is getting different signals from your equilibrium and balancing sensors (in your ears) and your eyes. Think about it like motion si... | [
"Relevant/expansion to the question: Why do we make noises when we feel pleasure in general? And pain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do modern vehicles still use a dipstick to check the oil level instead of an automatic gauge? | [
"Some do have an electronic gauge. But a dipstick is still best for numerous reasons: Physical dipsticks are crazy reliable! Unlike sensors, connectors and wiring which are all things that you dont want to fail on such a critical task. You can only use a dipstick while the engine is stopped which means if all your ... | [
"I assume you're referring to the oil pressure warning light, which looks like an oil canister teapot thing. That one in most vehicles is tied to pressure sensors in the car's oil circuit. This warning light is very serious. When the oil pressure light comes on, it means there is an immediate problem with the oil f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does draining a blister relieve the pain? | [
"Because the fluid in there is exerting pressure on the surrounding nerves. When you release the fluid, the pressure is relieved (less pressure being exerted on the surrounding nerves)."
] | [
"> Why does pouring scalding hot water on my eczema make it stop itching? For the same reason that scratching your eczema makes it stop itching, but to a greater extent. The heat is stimulating the nerves in the area of the eczema, which alleviates the itch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
I’m sitting on the toilet right now having diarrhea and noticed keeping my Body Temperature warm makes it go away a little- why is that? | [
"Diarrhea is caused by bacteria who thrive at 37 degrees, which is exactly your body temperature. These bacteria despise 39-41 degrees Celsius, so the primary instinct to kill them is to warm ourselves up. This is how toddlers fight infections, before having a defined autoimmune system."
] | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why are special agents/detectives/FBI agents in movies always wearing a fancy suit or clothes that are totally not useable for doing the job? | [
"FBI agents and detectives are often wearing a suit or similar business formal clothes because their jobs are typically desk jobs, or relatively physically minor. They don't usually go around kicking in doors with guns drawn or chase down criminals, they do stuff like interview people or look through documents. Tha... | [
"They wear what is most appropriate for that particular occasion. Most occasions involving the president range between nice pants, shirt and jacket and full on penguin suit with medals and ribbons so the body guards you see are in some kind of formal wear. If you google, you can find secret service members in jeans... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do bubbles from my carbonated drink stick to my straw and when having a straw with a stripe, why do bubbles stick to the colour stripe and not to the white stripe? | [
"Wettability and surface tension. The dye changes the wettability of the plastic which affects the bubbles “wetting angle” (how “tall” vs how “flat” the bubble is) which is directly related to the surface tension of the liquid. Too big or small of an angle and the bubble can’t stick."
] | [
"Think of straws. You know how you get the drops in a straw after u you've taken a drink? The ones that take up the entire space inside for a few millimeters? They stay there unless you blow them out, it's the same thing except the tube is open at one end only do you can't just blow in one end to push them out. Ne... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why is life expectancy always longer for women than men? | [
"There two factors, environmental and genetic. First Genetic: Taller people tend to live shorter lives, _URL_5_ _URL_2_ _URL_1_ People who consume more calories live shorter lives _URL_4_ _URL_3_ _URL_0_ So men are on average taller, eat more, \"burn more\". So this is just pure physics a bigger body ages faster a... | [
"Is the divorce rate increasing? I thought I read somewhere that it's actually on the decline. Could you post your source?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do they remove caffeine from drinks like coffee or tea? Are they not naturally caffeinated? | [
"No they are naturally caffeinated. There are four different ways to decaffeinate a drink. Methylene chloride processing - the chemical is a solvent for caffeine Ethyl acetate - this is called 'naturally decaffeinated' because the chemical is found in many fruits, same as above it is a solvent. CO2 - at very hig... | [
"Caffeine is in colas because they were originally made with the kola nut, which has caffeine. There's nothing in the ingredients of a rootbeer that would normally cause caffeine to be in the beverage unless you choose to add it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do barcodes show whether or not an item has been purchased? | [
"Barcodes are just a number that is easy to scan into a computer. The computer says weather or not the item corresponding to that number has been purchased."
] | [
"Because it contains consumer information that the supply chain is required to deliver to the consumer. The best way to do that for a mattress is to put it on a tag that nobody in the supply chain can legally remove."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how much of a multiplayer video game runs on the user's machine vs. on a game server? | [
"It varies slightly from game to game, but in general: Server: Where is each player? What weapons do they have? How much ammo do they have? Which character are they playing? When can they use their next ability? Client: What does the map look like(graphics)? What does my character look like(graphics)? What do my we... | [
"It uses the hardware from computer A to stream the display on computer B. Inputs from computer B are sent back to computer A to play the game. This is useful if computer A is a high performance machine and computer B is a low performance or non windows machine. The downside is probably some input lag. Remember OnL... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are tennis players given three balls before serving when they only use two? They usually just throw the third one away anyways. | [
"When you serve you get 2 serves. So holding onto 2 is what is taught. 1 for your first serve and one for your second if needed. While you play, the balls can be worn down. So by examining all three (3 in a can), you choose the best two. once you reach a pro level it becomes more habit."
] | [
"The rubber that tennis balls are made of tends to dry out, stiffen, become brittle and less bouncy if they are left out too long. \"Fresh\" tennis balls bounce better, and are thus preferred for actual tennis play. If you're just buying them to play fetch with your dog it doesn't matter too much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Car insurance. If im insured, can i drive anyones car with their permission? If im insured by one parent can i drive the other parents car? How does car insurance work in general? Is the driver insured or is the car insured? | [
"Legally, the car is insured. Individual people are not. However, the insurance policy will usually dictate who an \"authorized driver\" is. So both your parents' cars are individually insured. Most likely they each list the other parent as an authorized driver. If they want you to be able to drive either car witho... | [
"I work for a uk based car insurer so I can only comment on this country's rules. Also this is my first post so go easy on me :) In the uk, insurance for a Moyer vehicle is a legal requirement. The government have started \"continuous insurance enforcement\" which basically means if you do not have insurance on you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how do fetuses not suffocate/drown? both in wombs and in eggs | [
"The reason you have to breathe is so that you can get oxygen into your blood so it can get to your organs, especially your brain. Fetuses in the womb get their blood supply through the umbilical cord via the mother's blood which can carry her nutrients - including oxygen - to the fetus. So they have no need to bre... | [
"Evolutionary biologists have determined that egg laying animals evolved before womb bearing animals. It started a long long time ago in the ocean where fishies would lay eggs in the water. These eggs had soft shells and the fish would hide them away in super secret spots so they couldn't be found. Fast forward mil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
is there a way to confirm that we see the same colors? | [
"It has always been my theory that the colors our mind translates the various wavelengths of light into is unique. The color you call red, I may see as yellow or cyan, but we both call it red because we were told that color is red."
] | [
"Dumb follow up question. Do people see the mirror you or the picture you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why did people, historically, used to wear so many layers of clothes even in the summer? | [
"Here is an answer from an historical tailor for you. This in reference to my field 18th and 19th Century fashions. For the field hand, he would wear, shoes, hose, stockings, breeches\\[or long trousers\\] a shirt and a straw hat. Some workers would wear a knee length shirt OVER the above garments, to keep the unde... | [
"It was common up until the 1950s in the south for children to go without shoes. It is still somewhat common in regions with lots of creeks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Would it be better for the environment to use a paper product instead of plastic for water bottles? Also is it practical to implement a paper type container | [
"It would be better for the environment if we just eliminated bottled water for the most part. There are some situations where bottled water is practical and necessary, but in most places in the civilized world it's a scam. Tap water is perfectly safe, effectively free, and widely available. People would be better ... | [
"Some people think that every little bit counts. If you don't work on a problem this large incrementally, it's hard to make any progress at all. It's a small change that could make a large impact; similar to how cities have banned plastic bags or try to encourage the use of reusable bags by charging for paper bags ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why exactly do we blink? | [
"Your eyes are wet on the surface, and all the internals of your eyes are wet— the tissues are almost all water inside. Blinking replenishes the thin coating of tears that lubricates your eyes and keeps them from drying out."
] | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are music genres defined? | [
"> But anyone could take a singular piano loop and apply different percussion instruments behind it and label it as a different genre. That's actually what happens."
] | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about finance:"
} |
Why is doing nothing so tiring? | [
"Because a big part of “not feeling tired” is the hormones that keep you up and excited to a certain level and has nothing to do with being rested or not. Not doing anything may be boring or not exciting enough, hence making you feel tired, slugish, sleepy, sad. Not doing anything > feeling tired > not doing anyt... | [
"Answer me this: why is pizza so delicious?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do zinc sacrificial plates stop rust? | [
"Oxygen is really good at reacting with metals in redox reactions. There's basically no way to stop it from doing so, not in a cost-effective way. The problem is that iron is a very cheap, versatile metal used in many many applications. However, iron also reacts with oxygen when it rusts and becomes very flaky. Whe... | [
"Almost. The key word there is almost. Steel, copper and Nickel will react and create a protective layer, the same as aluminum forms aluminum oxide in the presence of oxygen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does testing a nuclear weapon in ones own country is considered safe but attacking other country causes mass destruction and environmental problems? | [
"Testing of nuclear weapons is normally done underground where no one can be directly affected or in a desert setting where, again, no one can be affected. One nuclear bomb is not going to destroy a country. It affects the direct area of the blast but if that’s in the middle of a 500 mile long salt flat, it doesn’t... | [
"All they need is a fleet of B52's to flattened the whole city. A couple of nukes to flatten the country, so why can't they just destroy a whole city or a country? Because of the civilians, and how the international relations will view their actions. It's easy to kill people, but hard to identify friends from foe."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about current affairs:"
} |
Is there anything resembling a clear line between internal dialogue and schizophrenia? | [
"Also, I've heard that the auditory hallucinations characteristic of schizophrenia sounds like other people's voices, not the kind of internal brain voice we use when we're thinking or reading, etc."
] | [
"There's no solid proof it's actually a thing, and the flexible \"everyone's out to get me\" narrative sounds very much like schizophrenia or other mental illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Difference between Bisexual and Pansexual | [
"Bisexual - attracted to men and women Pansexual - attracted to men and women (+ trans, non binary or just everyone in general) & #x200B;"
] | [
"Because not every homosexual woman calls herself gay. Actually, they keep adding letters to the acronym all the time. Last I checked, it was actually LGBTTQQUIAA for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning, Unsure, Intersex, Asexual, Ally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
You have 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents, and so on. Go back 24 generations and one person today has 16.8 million direct relatives alive at the same time. At some point in history, one person alive today has enough ancestors that would exceed the population at that time. How? | [
"Those 2^n people are not all unique - one person can take up many \"slots\". Let's say your parents were third cousins. That would mean they share 2 of their great-great grandparents. Those 2 people are 4 of your great-great-great grandparents, appearing once on your mother's side and once on your father's side. ... | [
"Well, let's imagine two brothers (close to each other in age) and all their descendants (who will all be cousins to each other, to some degree). Alan and all his descendants have children at around the age of 15. Bob and all his descendants have children at around the age of 45. So their first generation of descen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how do companies like 23 and Me and Ancestry determine your lineage from something like a saliva sample? | [
"Say you got a bunch of people copying books. You made a mistake on the 24,344th word where you misspelled \"success\" as \"sucess\". However people who are copying you kept copying. They all spelled the 24,344th word as \"sucess\" Thus if you open up a book and look at the 24,344th word, if they spelled it \"s... | [
"Paternity test is done by collecting cells from the inside of your cheek, not by drawing blood. So no, you couldn't alter the test's outcome."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that videogames are sometimes suddenly delayed extremely close to their release dates, while this is usually unheard of when it comes to films? | [
"The short answer is that the games industry is awful. The long answer is that studios are always expected to make deadline even when its very clear that its not likely. Studios will often times be given ludicrous launch dates to coincide with a release schedule set forth by marketing. This is why \"crunch\" time i... | [
"Sometimes this is because the studio developing the game has singed an exclusivity agreement with that console's marketing department. Often times these agreements have some sort of expiration date after which they can release the game on other systems. There are pretty much never such agreements for a PC game, wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Every now and then when you inhale deeply there is that extra room to breathe in really deep that feels great. What is the biological mechanism behind this? | [
"A deep breath increases oxygen to the brain and stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system which promotes calmness."
] | [
"It's the same instinct that makes you hold your breath when you're about to put out some serious physical strain, why exactly we do it is not sure, some say it's to focus on the physical activity without the bother of breathing. But for pain it's indeed counter-productive. Edit: Came to realize we probably hold ou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
How do animals live without dental care their whole life when we humans cannot live without cleaning our teeth everyday? | [
"We technically can survive our entire natural lives with no dental care, if any animal lived as long as we do they wouldn’t have teeth like we do. Plus animals typically don’t eat any acidic, sugary or extremely hard food items that they aren’t adapted to eat Basically if without dental care you can have teeth unt... | [
"No, if you properly brush and floss your teeth, and don't eat too much acidic foods that erode the enamel, your teeth easily last your entire life. Few people do properly floss and brush throughout their lives, so teeth fall victim to decay, one by one. Note that cheap plastic toothbrushes haven't really been arou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How is the water in our water supply kept from freezing during winter? | [
"The main supply lines are underground below what is known as the frost line, below which, temperatures don't go below freezing even in the thick of winter. you can look up a map of frost lines. (additional fact: while underground, it also doesn't heat up as much as at surface level during summer. look up ground co... | [
"In urban places it most likely goes through the sewer system into a treatment plant. After the water is treated it can be dumped back into the bay or used for other things such as watering a golf course."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do digital scales work? | [
"There's a peice of metal inside the scale that gets squeezed when you put weight on it. When the metal gets squeezed, its electrical resistance changes in a predictable way. So, by measuring the electrical resistance of the metal, the scale can determine the amount of weight. This is called a strain gauge."
] | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is e-invoicing important for banks and other financial institutions? | [
"It saves them money. Printing and mailing invoices is expensive and with today's technology it's a completely avoidable expense if you can convince your consumer base to agree to it. Large companies with lots of consumers who need invoices 12 times a year are the most motivated to phase them out."
] | [
"Banks are a business like any other, and want to make money. Why give all your profits to consumers?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are shows with fake laughter so succesful? | [
"Laughter, like yawning, can be an \"Infectious\" reaction. We hear it, and there is often a compulsion to join in, and that in turn can trick some people into thinking something is funnier than it might have been if just dropped as a line on it's own."
] | [
"Creating content other people enjoy? Why are movies a thing? What do the creators get out of it? Why is youtube a thing? What do the creators get out it? Why (was) vine a thing? That's probably the more direct western analogue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do optical mice work, and why do they have to touch a surface for it to detect movement? | [
"An optical mouse has a camera underneath it. The camera constantly takes pictures of the surface beneath it, compares that picture the one it took a fraction of a second before, and from that determines how the mouse has moved. This camera takes highly magnified images of the desk surface, and, because of this, ha... | [
"There are many types of touch screen sensors, but the most common ones are capacitive touch screen, and resistive. **Capacitive**: This is the type of screen on your iPhone/iPad. The human body is a conductor, and so the body (your finger in this case) can distort an electrostatic field. When you move your finger ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How and Why you can feel a sudden change in acceleration when you open AC while driving? | [
"Air Conditioning is powered by a compressor, like in your fridge/freezer. This is either powered directly from your engine (connected by a belt), or by a motor which is powered from your alternator (which is connected directly to your engine). Whichever method is used, your AC is now using some of the power from y... | [
"Your steering wheel is locked. You must move it to release the pressure on the lock in order start the car."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is glass able to bend when vibrating, as shown in those incredibly slow-motion videos, but trying to bend under any other condition merely shatters it? | [
"It depends on the thickness of the glass and if it is tempered or not. Temperd glass is a bit tougher to break.But when it does it breaks into small little squares. Instead of big shards of glass that are in the shape of a point. It also depends on the width and the way it is flexed. A small square little piece wi... | [
"Heating tempered glass too hot while surrounded by such cold might cause an imbalance in the forces of compression and tension within the glass. Tempered glass is strong until it isn't, and then it just explodes practically."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Does our DNA stores information about the structure of our brains? And does this affect the way we think, our personalities, etc? | [
"I studied brain science in university. Your DNA does contain information that controls the basic structure of your brain as it grows. Yes, this is a significant factor in your personality and in how you think. Children have personalities, and ways of thinking, that tend to resemble their parents — even if the chi... | [
"I don't think we understand the functioning of the brain well enough to be able to pinpoint the biological bases of individual beliefs and their changes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does a video game cartridge require a battery to store save data, while something like an SD card doesn’t? | [
"SD Cards uses flash storage which didn't exist in a viable form back when cartridges where still being used. There were EPROMs and similar erasable rom technology but those tended to be very expensive and had limited rewrites. The most viable and cost effective method was to have some low power DRAM with a batter... | [
"None-volatile storage of that size did not at all exist back then. The best that existed were floppy drives which were not exactly something you could add into a cartridge. They could do something like that today, but it would add a bit to the cost of the cartridge potentially. Most modern gaming devices have th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Are humans making the Earth heavier? | [
"No. No mass is created when humans reproduce or grow bigger. Rather, existing mass is transformed *into* humans by the human metabolism: a pregnant woman eats food and some of the mass absorbed is used by the cells in her womb to create more cells."
] | [
"We're not concerned about the planet. The planet will be fine no matter what we do. We're concerned about us. Humans. We're making the world worse for ourselves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If I hire a cleaner, is one person working for one hour the same as two people working for half an hour each? What about 60 people working for a minute each? What are the limiting factors? | [
"Limitations are around skills for each worker, work organization, available space. The more people you add, the more people you need to manage. At one point, way before 60, the effort to manage these people will be superior to the initial work intended. [edit for clarity]"
] | [
"They write half as many checks a year, pay the person that does payroll for half the hours. Depending on the size of the company that could be a few hours a week saved."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is so hard to not think negative thoughts? | [
"We get used to everything, we don't appreciate what we have. Positive things are rooted in what we have, negative things in what we can't have."
] | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do pigeons fly together? How do they communicate which direction to fly in? | [
"They don't necessarily communicate to each other, it's more.of communal voting on where to go. There is some research to suggest the faster birds to lead more often, even if they don't rank high in the pecking order. They tend to stay in the flock because there is safety in numbers. It's easy for a hawk to pick of... | [
"You raise the birds at the destination. You have a roost for them, let them fly for exercise, etc. Then you carry them to the place you want to send messages from. When you let them go, they fly back to their roost."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Telecommunications:"
} |
How does the moon sometimes appear huge in the skyline and other times not as huge, even though we’re not getting significantly closer to it? | [
"It's mostly a matter of perspective; when the moon is low in the sky, it's close to the skyline (buildings, trees, etc). When you see it next to those things, your mind perceives the moon as being bigger in comparison. When it is high in the sky, there's nothing to compare it to and it looks smaller. It's just lik... | [
"The reason that the sun seems to set so fast and rise so fast at the horizon is simply because it is just about the only time you have a constant thing near the sun with which to compare its movement. When it is up in the sky there are no points of reference to compare its location from now and from 10 minutes ago... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Do animals have body clock? | [
"Well seeing as how humans are mammals. And mammals are animals. And we have have one. Yes other animals do too"
] | [
"Your brain has no idea what death feels like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Psychology:"
} |
what exactly do anthropologists do and what subjects need to be taken to be one? | [
"Anthropologists study the history of humans. Primarily the physical things that we leave behind and the cultural components that those artifacts communicate. They will take a lot of history courses, some science courses to understand geology and how things age and weather, and some psychology and sociology course... | [
"Major: The main thing you want to study and have a career in. Minor: The less important study topic, little or no relation to what career field you want to be in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If rhinos are hunted for their horns, would it be possible to sedate the creatures and remove the horns humanely? | [
"Yes it's possible and it has been done, activists have also tried dying the horns to ruin the ivory. Poachers will kill them anyways to avoid tracking them again and wasting their time :// possibly out of spite too"
] | [
"It wouldn't be worth it. Elephants take *decades* to grow to maturity, kind of like humans, and consume enormous amounts of food and water, not to mention their requirements for space. The price you'd have to set for their tusks would be so large, that people would just poach them anyway, like they do today. A bet... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is accupuncture supposed to work? | [
"Acupuncture is based on the belief that there are energy lines, \"meridians\", in your body. If these lines are in any way disturbed or blocked, putting needles in specific spots is supposed to fix that. Don't expect there to be much logic to it, it's pseudoscience and has never been scientifically proven to work ... | [
"Popping your knuckles isn't a bad thing. Chiropractors are quacks and popping your back doesn't do anything at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is the fall of the Roman empire considered the turning point between antiquity and the European middle ages, and why is the fall of Constantinople considered the turning point between the middle ages and the Renaissance? | [
"They're not, really. In either case, they're convenient rules of thumb if you're just trying to do some very coarse divisions of the last 2000 years into eras, but it's just a loose convention to organize European history, not something with real historical meaning. & #x200B; Also, Constantinople is only very rar... | [
"The Middle Ages is a pretty huge period that spanned centuries, so you might want to refine your question. The daily life of a monarch in the 8th century was incomparably different from that of a 16th century one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some parts of the body (Legs, Feet) need to get amputated to diabetics? | [
"Diabetes makes it so that the smallest blood vessels in your body \"break\" due to a change in their walls. The smallest arteries in the body are located in the distal limbs (legs, feet) and in the eyes. When the vessels break, these tissues don't receive enough blood to work properly, thus they begin to underperf... | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
If we pointed a radio telescope at Earth from space, what would we see? | [
"It depends on what frequency you choose. Unless you stay in the [Water Hole](_URL_0_ ) you only see an opaque ball. There is also a narrow optical band where you can sometimes see some of the surface, but that's not a radio telescope. In the Water Hole (between 1.42 and 1.67 GHz), you don't see much unless somethi... | [
"If you were observing the earth from 65 million light years away right now then, in theory, yes. Practically speaking, the size of telescope required to observe something as small as a dinosaur from that far away would make it completely impossible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about astronomy:"
} |
How does Sanger Sequencing actually work to sequence DNA? | [
"Take a representative template DNA sequence: (primer sequence)-ATGC The primer sequence is not determined by this method. You extend the primer based on the sequence of the template. Bases are incorporated based on the template (i.e., A, T, G, and C). You add to the mixture mostly normal A/T/G/C. But you also ad... | [
"Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence Gene expression is the series of steps used to take information from a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do soap operas have a certain look, different from other TV shows? | [
"Great minds think alike. Ahoy, matey! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why do soap operas look and feel so different than other types of TV shows? ](_URL_5_) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why does it seem like soap operas are filmed with different cameras than regular shows? ](_URL... | [
"Because its what your are used to. Simple as that. TV or movies filmed at a higher FPS start to feel \"cheap\". The reason is because for whatever reason the only thing to be filmed at a higher frame rate for a long time where soap operas, which operated on very low budgets. As a result there is a weird associatio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about videogame development:"
} |
Does it make a difference when buying an older film in HD/SD? | [
"\"Dead Poets Sociaty\" were shot on 35mm film. Although you can not compare film with digital quality a 35mm film will have better quality footage then HDTV can provide. So although you may get some artifacts from the original film most of the degraded quality is from when the film were scanned and compressed into... | [
"The movies are converted from the master film reel. Film has a \"resolution\" way higher than 1080p or even 4k. This is also the method used to republish old film on blu ray."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how (uncooked) foods like cream cheese frosting are safe to leave at room temperature for days, but it’s ingredients (cream cheese, milk) would quickly go bad if left on the counter | [
"In the case of the cream cheese frosting, its the sugar which prohibits bacterial growth to a large extent - same reason why maple syrup and honey are perfectly safe to keep out of the fridge (and you should, you heathens) - there's so much sugar in it, bacteria don't have a chance."
] | [
"Because it's been contaminated as soon as you open the lid. Refrigerating it will lengthen its shelf life. You could leave it out but it won't stay good as long. The fridge slows the growth of bacteria because of cool temperature. Mayo has eggs and oils in it that go bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Food Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Food Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What causes the swirls when you put extremely hot water into extremely cold water? | [
"Hot water and cold water have different densities. Liquids of different densities reflect light differently, which makes them visibly separated when mixed. The swirls go away when the mixture reaches equilibrium"
] | [
"Hot solvents dissolve things more effectively than cold ones. It's the same reason you can easily brew tea in a hot cup of water but not in a cold one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come you see white stars in your vision after getting dizzy or doing something like a front flip? | [
"When you spin, blood pools in your extremities due to centrifugal force. As a result, less blood reaches your brain, resulting in some visual side-effects such as imagined white stars."
] | [
"I tend to pass out on some rides and also have chronically low blood pressure. It probably has something to do with the heart being unable to pump blood to the brain for a short period of time because of the movement. Like a head-rush. Just a guess, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do 2 auto insurance claims battle each other on fault? | [
"They will typically go with the findings of the police report, and if one is ruled at fault that person's insurance carrier pays the other one. It's probably incredibly rare for them to get into litigation, since they've all seen everything before, next time around it might be the other company's policy holder at ... | [
"Full coverage insurance over there is disproportionately expensive so everyone uses liability insurance. Whenever some ones fault is the deciding factor behind repairing your car, you buy a dash cam so you make DAMN sure you are not at fault."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What causes our body to all of a sudden spasm when we're about to fall asleep and why does this happen? | [
"A hypnagogic jerk is an involuntary muscle spasm that occurs as a person is drifting off to sleep. The phenomenon is so named in reference to the hypnagogic state — the transitional period between wakefulness and sleep. Hypnagogic jerks, are also commonly known as hypnic jerks or sleep starts. The muscle spasms m... | [
"Your body is mostly paralyzed while you sleep, which does most of the work, but that doesn't always work, I used to roll of the bed quite often when I was young."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it harder for guys to urinate when they have an erection compared to when they’re flaccid? | [
"Simply put, there's a series of inflatable chambers around the urine hose from the bladder. When flaccid, these chambers are empty, which allows pee to flow through the hose easily. The erection happens because those chambers are filled with blood. And that pressure squeezes down on the hose making it very difficu... | [
"Morning Wood is the body's way of not urinating while asleep. Ergo, once you urinate, you don't need it anymore."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does using a small amount of toothpaste remove scratches? | [
"It is simply that toothpaste contains a small amount of abrasive. It's meant to rub micro gunk off your teeth, like sandpaper would, but it can also rub off the edges of scratches, making them much less visible."
] | [
"No. Brushing has nothing to do with it, the effect comes from having the chemicals sit on your teeth for a week."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How is that the microorganisms that live in and on our bodies help prevent disease? | [
"A lot of the microorganisms in our bodies are harmless and even beneficial. Their population crowds out the harmful ones - either by producing chemicals that fight off the bad ones or eating their food."
] | [
"About 1-2% of your bodyweight are bacteria actually. So they're plentiful inside our bodies. Most bacteria in our body have a symbiotic relation with their host (the human), which means that they help with processes in our body which benefits the human and the bacteria. When you die, that process stops from your s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Why do manufacturers of vehicles need to sell to dealerships and not directly to consumers? (except Tesla who seems to be getting a lot of backlash?) | [
"As Captain Mal said in Firefly: “Not a bad idea, Wash, but eliminating the middle men is never simple as it sounds... Fifty percent of the human race is middle-men. They don’t take kindly to being eliminated.”"
] | [
"Credit. Its really that simple. Car companies need car salesman in order to sell their products (Tesla is currently in trouble in several states for ignoring this model by selling direct via showrooms). Car salesmen buy cars from manufacturers on credit lines with minimal interest. Then upon sale use the majority ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does your gums get open sores that last, so easily? | [
"It could be a sign you're malnourished. Repeated mouth ulcers and bleeding gums are a sign you need more vitamin C, so either look up vitamin C rich foods (mainly citrus fruits) or take a multivitamin every day."
] | [
"I read that it is dead fungi or bacteria from food trapped in the small gaps on your tongue. I wouldnt worry about it unless you realise it getting substantially worse, it could then maybe be infection on your tongue. If it starts to hurt or stay heavily coated for over 2 weeks you may need to see a GP. Source/mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Dentistry:"
} |
Where does soil come from? | [
"It's a mix of plant matter and minerals (sand, rocks, etc). Lots of different organisms help break down plant matter, including fungi. Fun fact: For several hundred million years nothing on Earth could digest cellulose, which is what trees are made of. So when trees fell, they didn't rot, they just *stayed there*.... | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does your butthole burn when you have diarrhea? | [
"It’s due to stomach acid. Normally, what you eat moves through you slowly, giving your intestines time to neutralize stomach acid. When you have diarrhea, your body is expelling your digestive contents too quickly. Because of this, your butthole is being exposed to too much acid."
] | [
"Go see a doctor. You might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). You shouldn't have burning or pressure when you urinate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why haven't we been able to find out where Blue Whales mate? | [
"It appears that scientists do know where blue whales mate. According to a source I located, they made near the equator. During their mating ritual, they dive into the ocean, and return quickly to the surface, followed by intercourse. Source: [_URL_1_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
How does local anesthetic only affect the desired area and not numb other parts of the body? | [
"Local anesthetic is usually combined with epinephrine which is a vasoconstrictor, which causes reduced blood flow in the area of the injection. This has two effects: it helps to keep the anesthetic near the injection site; and it helps to reduce bleeding."
] | [
"No. Oral pain pills won't work if applied directly to the wound. If you have access to local anesthetics (or more likely if your doctor does), then with the appropriate injury/wound/whatever local anesthetic can maybe be applied on or near the wound (or near the nerve that supplies that area), though it totally de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
FDA nutrition label question | [
"Technically, it’s possible for a company to get away with this, just like incorrectly filing taxes. If audited by the Government Accountability Office, there would be consequences. Labels are allowed a 20% margin of error, too."
] | [
"Labour costs, more dodgey occupational health and safety standards etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do bomb suits actually protect a person from a bomb? | [
"It works to neutralise the fragments from eg nails whatever is inside side bomb or the outside casing of the bomb however it does very little to minimise the blast wave of the bomb"
] | [
"It would depend on a lot of things; the strength of the armor, the distance from ground zero, the strength of the nuke, and so on. But almost any tank or bunker right under the explosion won't be survivable, even for smaller nukes. As you get farther the survivability goes up. The tank would also have to be shield... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How badly can stress affect physical and neurological aspects? | [
"Have you ever sat in your car in neutral and revved the engine? That is stress. There are normal stresses on the engine that driving inevitably brings. But you can do all kinds of damage when you rev your engine unnecessarily. It wears things down faster. It uses more fuel. It can affect everyone else. Take your... | [
"* Psychiatry - treats behavioral/mental disorders * Neurology - treats disorders of the nervous systems * Neuropsychiatry - treats behavioral/mental disorders caused by disorders of the nervous system As more data is compiled on a particular patient's disorder, they might get transferred to one or more of the othe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do the powerful countries (namely US) have military bases in almost every country, but there are no other military bases here? | [
"We have a military significantly larger than most other countries combined (in total the Earth has 21 aircraft carriers, 11 of them belong to the U.S.), so other countries have a lot to gain from letting us help protect them. Meanwhile the U.S. really wouldn't gain anything by having foreign armies on our soil, an... | [
"Because North Korea is backed by China (who while would not go to war for them might either send aid or prevent UN troops from going in). Because North Korea has nuclear weapons that can be deployed against Japan and South Korea, two major allies of most Western Countries and because no major country wants another... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How and why does dejavu happen? | [
"I feel like this question has been asked before... & #x200B; [_URL_0_](_URL_1_)"
] | [
"ELI5: Why do I yawn when I read this!?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Cognitive Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Cognitive Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is a too low unemployment rate bad? | [
"With too little unemployment it would be very difficult for any business to expand through hiring, which severely limits growth."
] | [
"In any healthy economy, inflation just happens. There isn't really a point to it because it's just natural. Asking what's the point is like asking what's the point of a mountain, or of mars, or of some natural law. Your question can be split into two separate questions. The first being, why does inflation occur? H... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do kids like toys so much? And why do they prefer cartoons over regular shows? I understand that they probably won't be able to understand documents or regular (inappropriate) tv shows, but is there something about their psychology that makes them susceptible to liking big colorful things? | [
"A childs brain is more maleable. The neural pathways are still being formed. The colors and sounds of a cartoon are easier for a kids brain to engage with as colors and sounds are some of the first neural pathways built. Toys help kid's brains develop by channeling their energy into something constructive. By play... | [
"Children's movies also have to entertain parents, because parents have to pay for the tickets. Children's TV shows only have to entertain children, because parents won't be watching them and aren't the target for the advertisements that will be played during them. Entertaining a 5 year old doesn't require much mor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does milk (or any dairy) help reduce the effect of spicy foods? | [
"Capsaicin is the compound that makes things spicy. It binds to our taste buds and causes the burning taste, it also irritates other mucosal tissues like inside your nose and throat. Well while it likes to bind to our taste buds, lactose, the protein in milk makes an even better binding point for the capsaicin. So ... | [
"Diarrhea is the result of stool passing through the large intestine too fast and the intestine not being able to absorb all the water. Causes vary from infection, to nervousness, to too much fiber. Also, it depends on how what you're consuming reacts with your body. Alcohol causes some people to get diarrhea becau... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it inherently worse to eat a fast food burger than to cook one at home? | [
"Most of these answers assume that fast food manufacturers are putting preservatives in their beef. They probably are not. McDonald's for example, freezes most of their beef or at least they did when I worked there. Their beef probably has more fillers but that is not exactly unhealthy, just not digestible. The bun... | [
"I have a vegetarian friend who will occasionally cook me meat dishes... But to the point, there are two major issues. The first is that a vegetarian will *not* eat meat, but a normal person *will* still eat things which are not meat. Unless you're just a pure carnivore, then it's an unfair comparison. Second, if y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What does it meet to “root” a cellphone? | [
"“Rooting” a cellphone means gaining access to the root-level commands in the phone's OS (most likely a version of Android). This is useful for things like installing apps to modify system performance and capabilities, or even installing modified versions of the operating system that can do things not found in the ... | [
"To ensure that you do not have something without knowing.. Think of it as preventative maintenance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What do scientists mean when they state we are moving through the universe at insanely fast speeds and what proof is there to justify it? What else is moving with us? What ISNT moving? | [
"Motion is relative, so it all depends on the point of reference. The Earth is moving 0 moh relative to itself, 67,000 mph relative to the sun, and 483,000 mph relative to the center of the Galaxy."
] | [
"1. Our solar system is infinitesimal compared to the size of the universe, hence having supermassive black holes a few times the size of our solar system is not impressive with regards to the rest of the universe. 2. Unless we were very near the event horizon, I believe that all light paths would be heading (spira... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does drinking beer sometimes give a person the hiccups they can't necessarily stop? | [
"Because generally when you drink beer it's cold, and drinking too fast and/or drinking cold stuff can irritate your esophagus and therefore cause hiccups"
] | [
"Not an answer: Does it? I've never tried this before. When I feel it start to rise, I somehow manage to still the reflex in the same way I can still my diaphragm with hiccups. Doesn't work all the time, but sometimes it does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
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