query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How is a torrent created/where does it originate from? How do the very first people get the torrent? | [
"You have a file in a pc You have a IP address You write your IP on a file called .torrent file You upload the file in a website Someone uses that torrent file to download the main file using a protocol known as bittorrent Now two people have the file and the third person can download that file from both users sim... | [
"Seeders have all of the files in a torrent. A leecher has either some or none of the files in a torrent. They work the same except a seeder isn't downloading anything from others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do cells communicate through cell signals if at the most basic levels they're just a bunch of bonded atoms? | [
"The fact that matter is made of atoms has no impact on communication in fact the phone I am using to reply is made of atoms. Those atoms use electricity to communicate with each other ultimately resulting in this reply. Extending this backwards toward cells. Cells use chemical signals to communicate with the speci... | [
"Out of the air, water, and soil, yes. It takes these things in and reorganizes the molecules to take their shape. Remember that inside most cells is just water, and most of the the hard material is just in the cell walls"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Botany:"
} |
Why/How can sleep "cure" almost everything?? | [
"You body uses a lot of energy fighting off illnesses, so when your asleep youre not using much energy and more can be focused on fighting illness"
] | [
"Do you mean...*why does getting ready to sleep feel good when we're tired?*"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Biology:"
} |
Why is breathing automatic until you think about it? | [
"Why doesn't your tounge bother you until you notice it?"
] | [
"Because many people forget to breathe when they are doing this kind of exercise. That's really all there is to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How integrals can calculate areas? | [
"> how could it ever be accurate? As you add more rectangles the closer you get to the true answer (because each rectangle will better approximate the curve). The more rectangles you add the closer the \"error\" is to zero. Once you have an infinite number of them the error *is* zero. If you know what limits are i... | [
"I will explain basic calculus and what its used for like you're five the best I can. Ill try to be as simple as possible because some of the other answers are becoming a little complex. You can use it to find the slope of a curved line(any function raised to the second power or higher) at a certain point. You can... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about finance:"
} |
If viruses aren't "alive" then why do they self replicate at all? Wouldnt they just be some random nonliving microscopic thing of DNA? Did they feel the universal urge to multiply? | [
"Computer code replicates too (viruses on computers). The act of replication doesn't require desire. If the chemistry/physics just do happen to line up in self perpetuating systems, you get replication. It's like how snowflakes are pretty and symmetrical. They didn't want to be symmetrical, the chemistry and physi... | [
"Life is a temporary, local negation of entropy. It is essentially a very complex and expansive series of self-contained chemical reactions with an element of information - the genetic code - which allows for replication of the living machines. It is hypothesised that life started as small lipid bubbles which allow... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How could one lose his memory but can still speak his mother language fluently? | [
"Memory isn't a single thing. There are many different types of memory, which are physically based in different parts of the brain. The common types are episodic memory (memory for events), semantic memory (memory for ideas), procedural memory (memory for how to do things), and working memory (the type of memory th... | [
"Because you don't know what you're supposed to do with your mouth and tongue to produce the sounds you can hear in your mind."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Neuroscience:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Neuroscience:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Speech and Language:"
} |
How exactly do laser thermometers work? | [
"I believe the device you are referring to is actually called a pyrometer (please ignore me if you are talking about something else). Most objects undergo a process called blackbody radiation, which means that they emit light from their surfaces which has a wavelength (a way of classifying light) that depends on th... | [
"There are thousands of types of cancer each with different causes and different treatment mechanisms What causes tumors in the lungs and tumors in the liver and tumors in the skin are all very different and treatments for them are wildly different Yes, all cancer is tumors so they have that in common, but saying o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
I learned that the elements go from solid over liquid to gaseous when the temperature rises. So why does an egg, which is made out of elements, go from liquid to solid when you boil it? | [
"Because an egg had multiple elements in it. And when you start mixing elements up the properties change. For instance the element sodium explodes on contact with water but sodium chloride (salt) doesnt. In short heating up the egg starts a chemical reaction making it a solid"
] | [
"Protein seizes when it reaches a high enough temperature and coagulates -- hence eggs becoming \"hard\" as the proteins seize and come together. Pasta is mostly flour; however, with proteins it is the heating up that causes the egg to change it's texture. With pasta, it is the addition of water. The pasta absorbs ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do artists earn money from producing music videos? | [
"Just like radio stations must pay royalties to play a song, so must TV channels. Then there are the more modern earning streams such as Youtube and Veoh, where the artist earns per play via ads in/on/around the video."
] | [
"Because it makes it easier for other artists to sample it and use it in their own songs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about music industry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about music industry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How in the HELL does electromagnetism work? | [
"Certain particles have charges. Charges can be one of two types, called positive and negative. There's no real reason positive charges are called positive or negative charges are called negative, that's just convention. A charge is surrounded by an electric field, and a moving or spinning charge is surrounded by a... | [
"Why in God's name would a 5 year old want to know about Quantum Gravity?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do some animal species have males attract mates where others the females do this? | [
"Often it's down to many factors - depends on mating rituals/types, how common one sex is compared to another, and how the animals behave - herds, packs, etc"
] | [
"Gnats gather in a spot for mating reasons, the male gnats are showing off to try to get the attention of the lady gnats. They are an example of lek mating."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
what causes your flatulence to be more tolerable than another persons? | [
"Smelling your own farts gives you information about the state of your gut flora and fauna (biome / bacteria) and can subconsciously guide your food choices to correct imbalances, and as such is beneficial and an evolutionary advantage. Other people's farts offer you no such advantage."
] | [
"Farting releases pressure buildup on your intestinal walls. This makes farting feel good. So every time you fart you feel better and smell your fart. The two are associated with each other and you start to kind of like the smell Also, as my roommate with Crohn's Disease explained to me, pressure on intestinal wall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what do I do working for a company helping people with student loans? | [
"lied on your application did ya? dont worry... google is your friend"
] | [
"Mostly because they can. It is so important that you are willing to pay more, hence, they charge more. Welcome to capitalism, bud."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what stops us from sneezing while we’re asleep? | [
"As we fall asleep, the body relaxes parts of our brain which is responsible for reacting to certain stimuli. One of these parts is the part that triggers the reflex for sneezing. The part responsible isn’t completely shut-off however. It simply causes the reflex threshold which tells your body to sneeze to be rais... | [
"Your brains are going crazy while you sleep, so if your body wasnt paralyzed your body would be going crazy too"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is colonel pronounced like “kernel” | [
"Not been asked for a while, but [here's the search](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"which stereotype. the happy go lucky gentleman pirate? the bloodthirsty psychopath? the opportunistic mercenary? the free spirit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what is that weird sensation you feel in your crotch when you ride rollercoasters? | [
"It's the same thing you feel when going down in a fast elevator or hearing someone say \"catheter\"..."
] | [
"Sometimes it feels nice, does anybody know why it feels nice occasionally (Feels like a massage) and sometimes it feels nasty like somebody stabbing you with needles?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
It’s 2019, why are closed captions still wrong sometimes? | [
"For most live TV, someone is physically there typing it out, they work in a very similar manner as a court stenographer, using specialized typing equipment. People are human can make mistakes."
] | [
"Welcome to the internet. It's now open late, seven days a week worldwide. Does this person live and work in China? Kenya? Canada? Brazil? A lot more information would probably be a good idea. Just saying."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are sniper kills confirmed? | [
"Nobody 'confirms' or tracks kills. It's impossible and it serves no purpose. Whenever you hear someone on TV say... 'This guy has 98 confirmed kills...\" It's just Hollywood BS. If a sniper goes on a mission and then reports, \"I killed X bad guys,\" there is no way for anyone to confirm it. There is also no data... | [
"They're called a spotter and they identity targets for the sniper. And yes, many snipers work in pairs, with one spotting and one shooting."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a genetic trait become dominant or recessive? | [
"It's not that it is magically either, it's all about how it is expressed. How the downstream functionality (RNA to protein) works. One way to look at it is you have two options on things: one explodes everything and the other lets you hug puppies. You now draw two cards from a mix. You draw two \"explode everythin... | [
"Inbreeding does not create birth defects. Inbreeding makes recessive genes more likely to be expressed, and most genetic defects are the result of recessive genes. As long as neither parent carries a recessive gene for a genetic birth defect, there's no risk of a birth defect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is being overqualified for a job a bad thing? | [
"They think, often correctly, that the overqualified candidate will quickly leave for a better job. Meaning they will lose the money spent on training the new hire."
] | [
"More money is always the answer, but that's not the question. Why this particular job instead of the thousands of other jobs on the job listing site? Why did you apply for this job, what about this job or company interests you? Why are you qualified enough to get this job. etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why were animals much larger than there are today, millions of years ago? | [
"The largest animal to have ever lived is the blue whale, still around today. Many large land mammals mysteriously went extinct around the time humans start spreading across the planet, right about when humans showed up. Dinosaurs were large because some quirks of their anatomy and biology made it easier for them ... | [
"Human history goes back about 5 to 6 thousand years ago with the invention of writing. Anything that happened before the invention of writing is known as prehistory. So how far back does this prehistory go? Over 2 million years. Our species, Homo sapiens, belongs to the genus Homo. Biologists generally consider al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why do animals tend to not take notice of their reflection in the mirror? | [
"Many animals lack a sense of self, so they see the animal in the mirror as another animal. In addition, many animals use their sense of smell much more than their sense of sight, and as they don't smell another animal, there is nothing special in their surroundings to react to."
] | [
"No, there are other primates who show interest in it; there are primates, for example, that trade food for the opportunity to look at pictures of genitalia of the opposite sex. Can't recall the species, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Where did grass come from? | [
"This is a fun question! I get to impart usually boring work stuff! So Grass is a general term, if we want to say the FIRST grass family, we can point to rice from about 110-140 ish million years ago, Around 50-70 million years ago, what we we consider grass appeared, we call it C3 grasses, its a way that it uses ... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- If im using a portable battery to charge my phone, what makes it charge my phone and not pull battery power from my phone to charge itself? | [
"Because the battery pack has different connections for charging and discharging. One port is connected to the circuits to charge the battery, and the other is connected to a 5v supply created from the battery. Some phones can act as power banks when connected with an OTG cable, which is the one with a socket inste... | [
"Most phones are powered through the battery, even if it's plugged in, so if the battery is completely dead it need some charge before the phone will stay on. Laptops are usually powered straight from the cord and charge the battery on the side. Most laptops you can remove the battery and still function. Most phone... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Technology:"
} |
How to Navigate in Space | [
"Astronomers use the [International Celestial Reference Frame](_URL_0_) which is centred on the centre of mass of the solar system. Radio telescopes are used to track the direction of hundreds of very distant quasars and in this way define the orientation of the reference frame. So that's the outer-space equivalent... | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why does stretching feel good? | [
"By stretching the your body you are in fact elongating your muscles, these muscles are bundles of fibers that have acid build up as you use them, causing them to swell, when you stretch you dissipate this lactic acid and this reduced inflammation gives you a sense of relief ."
] | [
"why do we yawn when we read about yawning?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does cracking our joints feel good | [
"Imagine I put you in a closet with a balloon. I start filling that balloon up until there's no more space for you to move.....now I come along and pop that balloon, alleviating the pressure."
] | [
"Masturbation releases hormones that eases the hangover so your body has made horniness a self mechanism to cope with hangover. Also helps with headache if you don't have painkillers or why not just jack off before the pill starts working."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can two batteries be the same size but have different voltages and a small battery can have higher voltage than a big battery | [
"Batteries are a result of a simple chemical reaction of 2 dissimilar metals and an electrolyte. For example a [galvanized nail, a copper penny and a potato](_URL_1_). The basic chemical reaction creates voltage, where the size of the surface area of the nail and penny creates current. If you stick 10 nails and pe... | [
"They don't fulfil the same function, they differ in 2 critical features 1. Size - A triple A battery is significantly smaller than a double A allowing for much thinner or smaller devices than a double A, if you only had double A batteries then nothing could ever be thinner than 14.5 mm 2. Capacity - A double A alk... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why can't homes in tornado prone areas be built under ground? | [
"It is extremely expensive to build underground and a lot of the areas that are prone to tornadoes are also prone to flooding. It is not easy to build and maintain an underground house."
] | [
"In states like California, the wooden homes can withstand earthquakes (and is cheaper than the other earthquake code approved material, steel reinforced concrete) because they're flexible and can bend a bit. So what homes are made of is going to depend on where you are. Are you on Long Island in New York? The hous... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why did the USA create all the different states? | [
"They did not \"create\" them, they were independent states which agreed to form a union. There comes the name \"United States of America\" from. Just like the European Union, Yugoslavia or the UDSSR. I'm not American, so if I'm wrong, please correct me."
] | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What defines an island? Why is Greenland the largest island in the world and not Australia? | [
"Australia has its own continental plate, so it is a continent. Greenland on the other hand sits firmly on another continents continental plate (north America’s), so it counts as an island."
] | [
"Cultural reasons. You could argue that Africa also belongs to the same continent, as it is actually connected to Asia by land so it is also part of that land mass. Humans just arbitrarily chose to separate them into different continents. Same reason Greenland is not it's own continent, but Australia is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do washing machines have their own concept of time? | [
"There's several steps in the wash that have a variable length, mainly the spin cycles. The machine will try to balance the load in the drum by speeding up and slowing down. It then tests if the load is balanced by speeding up and sensing how much wobble there is. If there's too much it slows down and tries again. ... | [
"Go for a drive in your car and replace some of the engine components while your at it. Basically the same concept."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Technology:"
} |
How come in the womb we're fine being upside down, but after being born the blood rushes to your head and its uncomfortable being upside down for too long? | [
"It’s not so much the fact that we’re inside the womb as we are much smaller. This means less blood in our body and this less pushing on blood further up our body. It also means less weight being pulled by gravity when we are upside down for birth. As you tilt upside down your body responds by increasing the pressu... | [
"Something to do with the position of your stomach, aparently you're more likely to get acid reflux laying on one side compared to the other."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are Sausages not straight ? | [
"I think it has to do something with the casing shrinking unpredictably when heated. Most uncooked sausages are almost straight, but when cooked the bend. Same for pre-cooked ones."
] | [
"First glanced at the title and thought it said \"What are Hot Pockets and how dangerous are they?\" Extremely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come when Europeans came to America, diseases they brought wiped out huge portions of the Native populations, but diseases native to the Americas didn’t wipe out the European settlers? | [
"There is a nice video by CGP Grey on the topic [Americapox: The Missing Plague](_URL_0_) which in turn is based on Jared Diamonds book \"Guns, Germs and Steel\" I think that this has also been asked here several time before and answered quite in depth. But to give a quick summary without much searching, the diseas... | [
"Both in the US and in Mexico there was an enormous massacre of natives, but it was much more widespread in the US. After the massacre, in the US it was less likely for the invaders to mate with the natives. In Mexico, there where a lot more native survivors, and after a lot of boning, they had a lot of mixed-race ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about History:",
"pos": "Represent the document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans need (or it at least helps) to have darkness while they sleep? | [
"It helps with circadian rhythm and our 24 hour clock by giving us darkness simulating a day-night cycle. Scientists are still studying why we sleep though and more about our internal clocks. I think they did one study to see if an individual could still get a sense of time without any cues from light sources and a... | [
"The growth hormone is secreted during sleep. When you are younger its to keep growing. When you are older, its to rebuild your tissues. Sleep is also import for your mental health. No sleep at all for days on end can cause you to see things, and your brain will not operate at its full capacity. But yes sleep is a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do massages make us feel better if something is in pain? | [
"Pain receptors send signals to your brain that is interpreted as a painful sensation. Applying pressure to the affected area activates touch receptors in that area, which not only sends messages of a touch sensation, but can also inhibit the transmission of pain signals along its path, therefore reducing the inten... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and wellness:"
} |
240VAC between live and ground, but 0VAC between me and earth/live | [
"No, and don't try it. The meter has 10 million ohms resistance so when you measure between the live wire and you there is some current limiting. If you are completely isolated, then grabbing the live wire will still cause some current to flow due to capacitive coupling. And there may be leakage current which chang... | [
"The 2 pins are live and neutral. The third pin (not always present) is the earth pin, which in case the appliance is faulty/damaged etc. The electricity will return to earth via this cable and not through you and your heart killing you!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Electrical appliances:"
} |
Whay are yelling commentators so popular? | [
"Human's love anything sensational. It's like the old marketing saying, \"Sell the sizzle, not the steak\"."
] | [
"Sorry I'm a youngster. But what is this masterbation scandal that you speak of?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does a hard hit to the head knock us out? | [
"Take whatever answers you get about the brain with a grain of salt. The human brain is the most complex object in the known universe and we know very little about how it works. Most of the responses you will get will be, \"makes sense in my head\" responses but not scientifically accurate."
] | [
"You take the harder part of your head and aim for a softer part of theirs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology/Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology/Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does it mean for a country to be under Martial Law? What happens during this time? | [
"It means that the military and not civilian authorities take over and are responsible for law and order. This could mean checkpoints, vehicle searches, curfews and generally stricter law and order. This is done when the civilian authorities are no longer able to keep order and the rule of law."
] | [
"The area in question is under military occupation by a foreign nation. There can not be a legitimate vote under those circumstances."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
// If microorganisms are mostly responsible for decomposition, what stops our bodies from decomposing when we’re alive? | [
"The germs that eat us only do that when there's enough of them. Being alive keeps their numbers low enough so they don't grow out of control, but once we're dead the helpful germs die too. Plus, natural biological processes other than that take over too. Living cells replace dead cells, but if all the cells are de... | [
"We can track its decomposition, calculate the speed it’s decomposing at, and extrapolate how long it will take until there is nothing left."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is it dark in space when you're closer to the sun? shouldn't it theoretically be daylight all the time? | [
"It is daylight, there is just no atmosphere to appear blue. Also all the millions of stars lighting up the space around you are there too, they just don’t seem that bright compared to the huge one in front of you, if you go to the dark side of the moon and look up apparently you can see them all, some are so far a... | [
"Forget galaxies, we can't even get to the nearest star in our lifetimes. But that doesn't prevent us from seeing it. I think the confusion might be because you can't see far away destininations on earth. The reason you can't see far away destinations on earth is because the curve of the earth is in the way. Let's ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about astronomy:"
} |
Why nails only grow on that specific area? | [
"Because our ancestors used them more than we did, and they’ve been growing more vestigial ever since. If you look at a gorilla using their fingernails on fruit, vegetation and movement you might have an idea why we developed ours where and how we did. I’m not sure if a gorilla would use its nails in a fight, eit... | [
"nails grow faster being exposed to sunlight. most likely, your hands are exposed to sunlight much more than your feet, so your fingernails grow faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does the Michelin tires have to do anything with restaurant’s ratings? What’s the history in that? | [
"Getting a Michelin star means your restaurant is worth driving to. It promoted the tires, driving, and the restaurant. It benefited restaurants by drawing in customers and benefits Michelin by enticing you to drive and wear down your tires."
] | [
"Not sure if this kind of comment is allowed, but in the i terest of starting discussion, whats the context of this? Perfume, wine, etc?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do "eleven" and "twelve" have special names instead of being oneteen and twoteen? | [
"Bah, apparently I can't just post a link here, so I will also include a brief quote: > \\[The\\] English *eleven* and *twelve*, or the German *elf* and *zwölf*, but these have been traced to *ein-lif* and *zwo-lif*; *lif* being old German for *ten*. & #x200B; See [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Same reason \"twenty\" doesn't have an \"o\" in it and \"thirty\" doesn't have \"ee\" in it, and fifty doesn't have \"ve\" in it. \"Fourty\" is an archaic form."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Are blue light glasses a scam? | [
"No, it's basically the same as red-shifting your displays. If your phone supports (or have an app) that red-shifts your displays, use it especially in the dark, your eyes are much less strained."
] | [
"Honestly, most glasses aren't even made with glass anymore - just different types of plastics. Glass is heavier and less shatter-resistant than other materials which are more commonly used. And as mentioned already, there are anti-scratch coatings that you can get. Source: I'm in optometry school."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Technology:"
} |
What is a flow cytometer and how does it work? | [
"A flow cytometer is used for counting the numbers of different types of cells (cyto = cell) in a tissue sample, almost always blood. As you might know, there are red blood cells, platelets, and a ton of different types of white blood cells in blood--certain diseases (like blood cancers) can make it so that you hav... | [
"Could you be a little more specific as to what you would like to know? How it works to facilitate the immune response? How it helps to circulate the lymph fluid? Something else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does lightning happen. Why is it that they have a zigzag pattern? | [
"Lightning bolts are big streaks of electric current. Current wants to be \"lazy\" and find the path of least electric resistance, even if it deviates from a straight-line or some other short path to some extent. It just so happens that the resistance of different regions of the air doesn't transition uniformly, an... | [
"This is a good one. I know that if you were to capture a landscape on film during a thunderstorm and in superslowmotion you'd be able to see tentacles of lightning coming out of the ground prior to the impact of the lightning. For all I know that could cause a static field. Im unsure about the ring if it's possibl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does snow get to mountaintops when the mountain is higher than clouds? | [
"There are clouds at different heights at different times, and ones higher than the mountain deposit snow"
] | [
"The are a couple of reasons, but the main one is pressure. When you swim at the very top of a swimming pool, you don't feel much pressure. But when you start to dive deeper and deeper, you start to feel the pressure of the water above you being pushed down by gravity. The atmosphere is a lot like a swimming pool. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why do different colors have a different shade of gray when saturation is removed? | [
"On the surface it seems like all three colors(red, green, and blue) should be weighted equally because that's what the pixel is made of; but it turns out that gives you a really crappy looking grayscale image. Your eye is far more sensitive to green light than red or blue, and still more senstive to red than blue.... | [
"Basically an object that appears as one color reflects the wavelengths (colors) it need to appear to us as that color and absorbed all the rest. A negative color is basically an object that has those two roles switched around. Let’s take RGB because that’s how your monitor makes colors: Pink (magenta) is just Red ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why isn’t Braille used on everyday items bought at grocery stores..such as food items and house cleaning supplies? | [
"that'd be probably be a somewhat costly addition to everyday items for manufacturing for a small percentage of the population"
] | [
"It's just a word that covers a whole category of related things. For example if I said \"groceries\" you'd know I was talking about vegetables, meat, grains, cooking oils, soft drinks and everything else you buy to store at home and eat. Or if I said \"automotive\" you'd know I was talking about something related... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the difference between milliamperage (mA) and kilovoltage peak (kvp) in radiology? | [
"This is an ELI5 explanation, and is not sufficient for a radiology exam. The kV is the potential across the tube (from anode to cathode) in kilovolts. Voltage controls the maximum energy of the individual x-ray photons. They will be a spectrum of energies less than the peak. The mA is the current through the tub... | [
"I think you got it mixed up volts should be width (potential) amp should be speed (current) good explanation though"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
what causes the gurgle sound when our stomachs are hungry? | [
"Yes, it is air in the intestine! (If that was a guess, then it was a good one, if not, then yeah, you're right!) The sound is created by a lack of food (obviously) which leads to an excessive amount of air and average amount of water. The muscles in your stomach recognize that they need energy (food) and produce a... | [
"Your stomach is on your left side so if you lay on your left your stomach is below your esophagus so the acid won't go back up your throat, on your right side it's above your esophagus so the acid will flow down into it causing heart burn."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's a head (linguistics)? | [
"You can think of head as zooming in or zooming out on the scene, depending on the language. For english, it would be whole scene to start and you zoom in on the details. For japanese, you get the details and slowly zoom out until the final verb at the end. Wiki has a great x-bar chart to show [you this difference ... | [
"Don't have much to add in the way of a reason, but it might be helpful to know the correct name for this phenomenon: [Hypnic Jerk](_URL_1_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why does fruit never have a consistent taste, but yet fruit juice always does? | [
"After processing, pasteurization, and storage, orange juice loses of its flavor and aroma so they add \"flavor packs\" (made of orange product such as oil and pulp) to reflavor it so it always has a consistent taste. There are different breeds of oranges which contribute to different tastes along with picking and ... | [
"I was having this conversation with my wife _yesterday_. A few reasons: 1. It's availability is _very_ seasonal. You don't see very many seasonal beverages - too expensive to market. For this reason you do see it on locally made juices, but rarely on widely distributed ones. 2. Watermelon tastes less good, fast. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Food and Beverage:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Food and Beverage:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why would automakers put a limited slip differential in a sports car over a locked differential or a positrac | [
"You've got some major confusion here. A limited slip and a posi are the same thing. GM just trademarked the name positraction so others can't use it. A locking differential is better for offroading due to ensuring that both wheels turn in unison so if one wheel slips the other can pick up the slack."
] | [
"It's not particularly logical, but 4WD generally refers to vehicles with locking differentials, which are only enabled when off-road performance is required. AWD generally refers to vehicles with some kind of limited-slip differentials, and is always enabled. 4WD vehicles tend to be truly off-road vehicles; when t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
given that all the bacteria has already gone through your digestive system, why would eating your own poo make you unwell? | [
"Feces is the waste from your body for one. It has much less, and often no, nutritional value. That alone makes it something that can make you ill. Feces that isn't your own can be infected with diseases like hepatitis, which can cause you to get the disease. Feces that isn't ingested quickly can also grow new bact... | [
"People who have chronically been on antibiotics for one reason or another lack the gut flora needed to properly digest food. Someone poops in a bag doctors mix it with water to turn it to diarrhea then inject it into the recipient's colon"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
does DayQuil cure/fight back against the flu? If so, how? Or does it just suppress symptoms? | [
"Cold/flu medications do not cure or fight viral infections like the flu or the common cold. They contain a pain reliever/anti-inflammatory which helps with fever and aches. They also usually contain a cough suppressant and the day time versions usually have some sort of decongestant. The nighttime formulations con... | [
"No. Vitamin C is only supposed to effective in helping to prevent a cold BEFORE you get it. If you get a cold, it's too late. Taking any dose of Vitamin C will definitely not help you to get rid of it any faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
For the average person in developed countries like the USA, how much has life changed (in economic terms) today compared to 50 years ago? | [
"Drastically. The cost of living has risen disproportionately compared to salary & wage increases for the average worker, particularly the working class (blue collar or service industry jobs). Execs in the upper echelons of the corporate industry have received those raises, though, and it's creating a larger gap be... | [
"Follow-up question: How do historians compare standards of living and income across periods of time? Adjusting for inflation is commonly done, but how do you also take into account the changing value of goods themselves? Purchasing power? Consumer price index? Which of these is best to use? What can we do for time... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does a currency become "stronger" or "weaker" with respect to other currencies? | [
"Mostly the best ways to keep your country's currency stable are to: 1. Make sure there is a market for your country's goods and services abroad. Foreigners will want to buy your currency so they can buy your goods and services. This demand increases the value of your currency. 2. If the demand for your currency st... | [
"Banks don't decide the exchange rate as such. It's determined by supply and demand. Remember what the 'exchange rate' is. It's the exchanging of one denomination of currency for another."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the mechanism behind how we gargle water and why does it help a sore throat? | [
"Water follows salt, and this includes the water in whatever germs caused the sore throat. Pulling out water kills the germs, and salt is good for humans as an electrolyte. Also, even the simple agitation from the action of gargling helps to dislodge mucus and other gunk to get it down or out. Edit: I know you didn... | [
"Getting salt in a wound while painful also helps the wound to heal and fights infection. It does the same thing when you gargle with it by making the environment of your throat less hospitable for the bacteria and getting the body to heal quicker."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why are sloths so damn slow? Are they physically unable to move any faster? | [
"Sloths have evolved to eat a very nutritionally poor diet. So they move slow to conserve energy."
] | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why aren't driverless trains more common nowadays? | [
"Nowadays there is already a so called “ATO”-Button in most Trains, which basically drives the train to the next Station with perfect acceleration and braking and so on. For a fully autonomous train you need [Platform Screen Doors](_URL_0_) as well as a fully fenced track which make sure, nobody accidentally falls ... | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do dry/chapped skin ache after mosturizing? | [
"Nerves are more sensitive when they are moist/warm. Same way you can't taste anything if your tongue is dry and can feel temperature much more if your hands are wet. Once you moisturise your hands the nerves become more sensitive to temperature and touch. Which can ache if the skin condition is bad enough and has ... | [
"lip skin is different than regular sin & doesn't make it's own lipid. It comes from the skin around your lips & those pores could be clogged. As an experiment you could try AHA cream on that skin, or just get good chapstick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does opening a warm soda seem to increase the chance of a fizz explosion more so than a cold soda? | [
"This is a basic principle of science: The colder water is, the more gas it can hold. Think of it like the reverse of dissolving sugar in water, where the hotter it is the more sugar it can hold. As the soda temperature rises, the amount of gas that the soda can hold decreases, so gas has to escape."
] | [
"It's the level of carbonation. Sodas are much more highly carbonated than beer. You can see this when you pour them into glasses. The soda is fizzing away while the beer forms lazier bubbles. The increased pressure from the higher carbonation makes a louder sound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come sometimes a pen will write perfectly fine on one part of the paper, But won't work at all on other parts of the paper? even when writing with the same angle and pressure? | [
"The bad pen can stop working if you touched the paper with sweaty on greasy hands. The oil reduces the traction between the ball on the tip of the pen and the paper (it stops rotating as you move the pen, so the ink doesn't get out. The good pen doesn't have this problem because the tungsten ball is better and the... | [
"The wheels are bade of rubber, and there is often a spring system at the bottom of the feeder tray. So the spring pushes all the paper with just the right amount of pressure onto the rubber wheel that turns and slides just one sheet of paper into the printer system. Try it, stack alot of paper loosely on top of ea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are blood clots? | [
"Blood clots are a response to damage to blood vessels. They plug gaps and eventually fill them in. When blood vessels are damaged, components called *platelets* latch onto the damaged sections and begin signaling for themselves and other platelets to activate themselves, releasing chemicals into the bloodstream wh... | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does binary work and how can computers ‘read’ it and then perform a task? | [
"A computer is made up of tiny switches that when activated in certain ways perform a certain function. There are layers of software that translate each command you give the machine. You see the visual layer, under that is the machine layer. The machine layer takes your clicks and passes them down to complete the t... | [
"Maths basically. If the most basic element of a computer is a switch (transistor) it can either be on or off (or 1 or 0) from there you can teach a series of switched to compare two inputs (1's or 0\"s) and derive an output - i.e. make a decision. This means you can extend out to basic maths like addition and subt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are FM signals interrupted when underneath buildings or bridges? | [
"Radios use special waves to send their messages. Dense stuff like bridges usually have metal in them, and metal is really good at blocking those special waves. If those waves can't get through, your car's antenna can't pick them up. It's like putting a pillow over your ears- you might be able to still hear a littl... | [
"A few possibilities: * Your radio at home has a crappy antenna and your radio in the car has a better one. * Your house is made of relatively thick layers of wood/brick/concrete/whatever. Some of these substances are pretty good at blocking radio waves of certain frequencies. If your radio antenna is inside, this ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do Water Softeners work? | [
"It's called Ion Exchange. The beads in the softener pull the stuff out of the water. The salt pulls the stuff off the beads for discard so that the beads can work again."
] | [
"* Dehydration from low fluid intake * Slow blink rate, causing dry eyes * Poor body posture * Hey. Hey. Hey Listen. Hey. Look. Hey. Hey. Hey. Look. Hey. Listen. Listen. Hey."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come adults don't roll off their beds like a young child might? | [
"(From a New York times article) Most people stay safely in bed through the night, presumably because they are not totally unconscious when they are asleep. Certain sensory systems remain in operation even while people are blind and relatively deaf, monitoring the relationship of the body to the environment. The s... | [
"He's warming up for the eventual possibility that you are going to drop him in water. Why else are you holding him over the water anyways."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why do bruises hurt? | [
"Bruises happen when blood vessels are broken without breaking skin. The stress and trauma triggers pain-sensing nerves, and the inflammation as part of the healing process adds to this."
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does drinking water and it hitting stomach acid not have the same affect as pouring water into acid in a science class? | [
"For one things, different acids are different chemicals and would react to water differently. For another, the water you drink is not hitting pure acid. It's hitting a slurry of partially digested food and the acid breaking it down. If your stomach is empty than I don't believe there is acid in it at the time. ... | [
"the theory is that it will cause indigestion somehow. likely due to the milk being basic and the OJ being acidic. if you ever mix them in a cup you will see the milk curdle. but when you consider that your stomach is literally filled with acid all the time it doesn't make much sense."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How are animals able to inherently know what herbs/plants are edible but humans can't without prior knowledge? | [
"Many animals have a more acute sense of smell than humans; that would be useful sometimes. They might be able to tell in small tastes what berries are bitter -- signifying poisonous— better than humans, too."
] | [
"It's hard to say definitively how things worked for ancient people, because of the lack of records. But here are some possibilities. * Trial and Error: We would test things we'd eat before gathering enough to feed our tribe. If we had adverse reactions, we'd move on. * Observation: Watch other animals and see what... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how do forensic investigators find new forensic evidence years after the crime? | [
"Because technology is ever increasing, allowing us to pull DNA off of things that we couldn't before and to detect and trace other things that we could before. It's not the evidence is new, it's just that technology lets us discover more from it."
] | [
"The statute of limitations is in place because as people age, memories become less accurate and more prone to influence. Being able to find witnesses for an alibi Also becomes less realistic. Imagine having tok explain where you were on 5/4/1987. Also, physical evidence deteriorates and being able to refute eviden... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is irine only sterile when hot? | [
"Urine being sterile is actually a myth. It's not true, regardless of whether it is hot or cold. ANYTHING that comes from your body will contain bacteria and such, including urine. & #x200B; [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"What language is this? Pills are solid and not liquid where I come from."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Im watching a show about a man that murdered a woman and they took impressions of tire tracks in sand. Why does the sand stay in place instead of losing shape when liquid is poured over the top? | [
"Its a high density \"liquid\" slowly poured over to keep the sand from shifting. The pressure of the vehicle along with moisture and other debris has impacted the sand so it takes a good amount of force to ruin the imprint. This is why crime scene preservation is required"
] | [
"When removing the dirt, try putting it on a sheet of plastic. You'd be amazed at the amount that get 'lost' due to the grass and left behind otherwise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do water faucets work with going back and forth from hot to cold water? | [
"It depends on the type of faucet you have, but in general, it let's both cold and hot water in. If you adjust it to hotter, it's just letting in more hot water and less cold water."
] | [
"What you are waiting for is the water in the pipes between your water heater and faucet to be replaced with hot water. Tubs flow faster so this occurs faster then in sinks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why cant we imagine a new colour? | [
"Our eyes can only see a certain range of light. This means we can only see colors that have wavelengths within the range we are physically capable of seeing. Other colors do exist we just can't see them because our eyes can't detect those wavelengths. Because we've only ever seen these colors, we can only imagine ... | [
"Why did you think this was the right sub?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do Smoke Detectors work? | [
"The answer to that question is really two answers because there are two quite different kinds of smoke detectors. An optical smoke detector (or photocell smoke detector) creates an infrared light beam and uses a photocell which detects it. Smoke will block the light beam and the alarm goes off. Ionization smoke de... | [
"* Dehydration from low fluid intake * Slow blink rate, causing dry eyes * Poor body posture * Hey. Hey. Hey Listen. Hey. Look. Hey. Hey. Hey. Look. Hey. Listen. Listen. Hey."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does narcan reverses overdosing on drugs? | [
"Naloxone (narcan) is what’s called an opioid antagonist, meaning it fights the effects of opiates. It works by blocking the opiate receptors in the brain, preventing further opioids from entering the users system. It doesn’t necessarily reverse the effects, but it does shut off the receptors to prevent further eff... | [
"To put it simply, they are self medicating. Nicotine can have effects similar to some drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to store renewable energy? | [
"Because energy storage sucks. Anytime you convert energy from one kind to another there are losses. You can only convert so much energy at a time, the storage only works for a limited time versus something like a generator that keeps going if you add more fuel. Batteries - expensive, limited lifetime, take up ro... | [
"Non-electric cars run on some form of fossil fuel that is extremely polluting. When you use electricity instead you have more options for producing the energy fueling the cars. So it becomes possible to use less polluting energy sources like solar power, wind power or even nuclear energy. Edited to be more clear"
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do the 'bubbles' when boiling something occur? | [
"Water turns into steam and rises to the top to escape. Boiling is by definition a liquid turning into vapour by reaching a temperature beyond its current boiling point."
] | [
"The bubbles that pop to cause the cracking noise need to reform."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When an infection occurs, what determines the temperature that your body increases to, in order to fight the infection? | [
"A a group of substances called pyrogens triggers the fever response in Humans - one pyrogen is found in bacteria's cell walls. The presence of pyrogens causes a complex chain of chemical responses in humans that triggers the Hypothalamus to \"turn up the heat\". When they aren't found, or drugs are give that reset... | [
"It's your body's attempt at flushing the virus out. It may seem ineffective to you, but it does improve your body's internal condition against the viral war."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why are some radio stations ' FM signals hard to pick up in the city they broadcast to, yet others from far away can be heard easily? | [
"Couple of things: - of course, the closer to the transmitter you are, the stronger the signal. - the transmitter may not actually be in the city it is “broadcasting to” - stations run different power levels. One station may be a 50,000 watt blowtorch and the other a 100 watt low power station - station transmitter... | [
"The station could also be relaying it's signal from another area, and so they cut in their own localized commercials during the breaks. Happens all the time here in Canada."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are essential oils, why do people rave about them, why are they looked down upon? | [
"“Essential” doesn’t mean “necessary”, it’s supposed to mean “Essence”. Essential oils are distilled plant oils (therefore Essence). Popular essential oils include lavender, clove, juniper etc. They are claimed to have a medical/healing effect, which is partially true of some oils, like how Agathosma has a minor di... | [
"As others have mentioned, this topic is so wide-ranging and has so many differing opinions that it's difficult to really give a good answer. I think the biggest rule of thumb is to try to eat food that closest resembles what you would find in nature. Some other tips: - Stick to the outside aisles of the grocery s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do bubbles in any form of water rise in a zig zag pattern and not straight? | [
"As the bubbles rise to the surface they leave an unsteady set of alternating vortices behind. This phenomenon is known as the [Kármán vortex street ](_URL_0_) You can imagine each vortex pulling the liquid on alternating direcions giving rise to the zig-zag."
] | [
"It's because the bubbles on the outside of the glass stick to the glass and rise slowly due to friction. Bubbles in the middle can go up unimpeded. That happens with all beer. Why is Guinness (and Boddington's) special? Instead of CO2, if you charge a beer with nitrogen the bubbles are so small and plentiful that ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
GPS rollover. What is it? What is for? | [
"When your GPS receiver or smartphone receives data from the satellites, one of the items it receives is the number of weeks that have elapsed since August 21, 1999. And because of the way that the GPS system was designed, that number is stored in 10 binary bits. Trouble is, 10 binary bits can only store a number b... | [
"Context? What is a \"smart meter\", and where is this controversy based out of? Who is involved? Thanks!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does a radio app on a phone require a headphone as antenna? | [
"FM radio signals have a fairly long wavelength - at least, compared to any other use of radio in a phone. That longer wavelength needs a longer antenna, which you can't fit inside the phone. So they instead use the shielding in the headphone cable, which is plenty long enough. The app could try to work without the... | [
"I think the power used to broadcast the Bluetooth signal is higher than what it takes for the device to power the wired speakers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how is it that a small group of an isolated species continue to reproduce over generations without birth defects from inbreeding? | [
"If you do a Google search on this exact topic (Shackleford Banks horses), you’ll find years of articles of scientists and researchers worrying about this exact thing. For example: _URL_0_ Someone might correct me, but I don’t believe any population of any species is immune from inbreeding effects. There are simply... | [
"They would need to have as many offspring as possible, and their children would jeed to each have as many children as possible. The problems associated with incest are statisitical, not absolute, so the more offspring, the more likely it is to have a child that is not a carrier for a given recessive gene. That sa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are most transparent materials isolators and not conductors? | [
"This is to do with how EM waves travel within 'stuff' (as opposed to vacuum). If a thing is transparent, it means that it doesn't really do anything to the light that tries to pass through it, and vice versa. A solid conductor, generally speaking, have free electrons. Free electrons respond to EM waves. ie, if yo... | [
"No it cannot, because metals are electrical conductors and conductors reflect light. Light is an electromagnetic wave, meaning it consists of electric and magnetic fields changing in time and moving through space. The neat thing about a conductor is that it will always cancel out an electric field inside it. Bas... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Physics:"
} |
If poison is past its expiration date, does it become more poisonous, or less? | [
"That entirely depends on the poison. Some will break down into less toxic compounds, others might break down into more toxic compounds. Or it might do a bit of both. And of course those breakdown products may themselves break down into other things."
] | [
"You will need to pick a poison. Everything is a poison if you have enough of it. Most medical drugs degrade overtime becoming less effective. Somethings degrade into harmless things and others degrade in a harmful process. Water stagnates and grows bacteria, aspirin breaks down and becomes inert, alcohol will beco... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do most shows call their first episode "Pilot"? | [
"Pilot means doing something the first time at a smaller scale, before moving on to the full thing. Hence pilot lights for gas fires, and drilling pilot holes before putting the screw in. The pilot episode is just that, the concept of the show in a small scale (one episode) before making the full thing."
] | [
"Because you just happened to be listening to music when your \"The Complete Goosebumps Series by R.L. Stine\" arrived at the door."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
When faced with a totally new material how do chemists figure out what elements the material is made out of? | [
"You place it in a spectrometer. Using different types(such as a flight of mass spectrometer, nmr, infrared spectrometer ) you can see what a substance is made out of, what percentages of different elements are in its composition and things like if whether(if it’s an organic compound) what functional groups are att... | [
"In general, a scientist tries to push the boundaries of our understanding of things. The engineer puts our understanding of things into practice. As an example, a chemist might try to figure out why two substances react the way they do, while a chemical engineer will try to figure out a way to make a given substan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes "spreadable" butter so spreadable? | [
"They (generally) take regular butter and whip it and/or add some type of oil that is liquid at room temp. So the butter can be easier to spread because there are tiny air bubbles interspersed throughout, it is softened by being mixed with a “softer” oil, or both. I’m not talking about “butter flavored spreads” he... | [
"What makes you think starches are healthier than dairy?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How can a country be trillions of dollars in debt and still be able to spend money? | [
"People will still continue to lend to them as long as their country is growing economically faster then their debt is growing i.e. their debt to GDP ratio. If you owe 10,000 in debt and you make 50,000/ year but next year you make 100,000/ year most banks won't have a problem giving you another 20,000 as long as y... | [
"If we had no debt at all? We'd probably be worse off. Debt for governments is good. The US isn't in any \"trouble\" right now. We have no problem paying our bills, and will continue to do so."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why dont car doors unlock if you pull the handle while it’s unlocking? | [
"Because there's a piece it needs to move before the door will be able to open, and it can't move that part while the door handle is being pulled on. (In general.)"
] | [
"Most factory alarms don't have shock sensors. So as long as the doors or hood aren't opened they won't go off from being towed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are some animals domesticated, while similar animals within the same family are not? | [
"Domestication isnt a natural process. It takes generations and generations of human intervention. People generally put in that effort where they feel they can benefit most, and the domestication process only applies to the certain bloodlines that it was done to."
] | [
"No. Small pox and the other diseases the Europeans brought to the New World were all animal diseases that had been given to humans. Europeans had been around domesticated animals for thousands of years and had become resistant to many of them, while the New World had no large domesticated animals whatsoever (with ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about History:"
} |
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