query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do SUVs get rain on the rear window at highway speeds? | [
"The steep drop off at the rear of the vehicle can create an area of low pressure which actually pulls air (and rain) back toward the vehicle [like this.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"If the wiper arc was the other way then the driver's side would have the large unwiped section of the windshield that the passenger side has. In right hand drive countries, it's the opposite way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How are we able to see through objects when they are very close to our eyes? | [
"You can't. However you do have **two** eyes and while one might not be able to see past an object the other might be able to when it is close."
] | [
"We can't see them because there's no light reflecting from them. We can observe their effects on the surrounding space."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
When you have a stuffy nose, why does it “un-stuff” when you stand up, but stuff up again when you sit/lay? | [
"Your nose will un-stuff when your body does physical exercise. Because the stuffy nose is caused by your immune system rather than, say, a cold, your nose can stuff up and clear out as your brain wants, so when you exercise, your brain will clear the nose in case you're running from a predator and need all the oxy... | [
"Probably because you are hunched over, restricting your esophagus. Little bits of air and/or other gasses that can normally escape your stomach back up and escape from your mouth have a tougher time making the trip, until you straighten back up. When you sleep stretched out in bed this doesn't happen as much since... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is the music industry filled with drug abuse? | [
"This is a loaded question Is the music industry filled with drug abuse compared to other industries? Do you have some metric on this? Actually not music, but there are lots of research on industries as a whole Sure musicians use drugs, so do miners, people working in retail, bankers, teachers, and construction wor... | [
"Creating content other people enjoy? Why are movies a thing? What do the creators get out of it? Why is youtube a thing? What do the creators get out it? Why (was) vine a thing? That's probably the more direct western analogue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do our lips and tongue become so sensitive after eating foods with high sodium content, such as an entire bag of salted pistachios? | [
"Short answer: Evolution. Long answer: Early mammals would occasionally eat too much salt and die from sodium toxicity. Enough of this must've happened for future generations, and eventually humans to develop a warning system; eat too much salt, and it starts to hurt your tongue. Think of this like pain in general,... | [
"Salt pulls water out of food, and since the body can taste salt it can also taste whatever the salt is mixed with, like soup, cheese, celery, or most other savory foods."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food and cooking:"
} |
Why isn't aerial firefighting with helicopters used on building fires in specific situations? | [
"I heard on the news that the planes that are used for that weren’t close by enough unfortunately"
] | [
"California is a large area. Lots of it is not easily traveled. It takes a lot of manpower and resources to control a forest fire. Its hard enough to control a building fire once it starts. Forest fires are much bigger, the wood is dry and not covered in fireproof or fire retarding material. It is great fuel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
In the sporting world, what is a salary cap? How is it determined? And what are the pros and cons for both the athlete and the team they play for? | [
"A salary cap is a limit that the league imposes on teams, not players. It limits how much the team can spend *in total* on player salaries. The purpose is to prevent the most successful teams or the teams in the largest markets from becoming even more successful by outbidding the less financially well-off teams f... | [
"Surprised to see no answers to this after 4 hours, so I'll have a go and see if I can start the conversation. The reason is because, in Europe, players are contracted to the teams, whereas I believe in America, players are contracted to the league. In Europe, teams pick and choose players in the same way as any ot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is there not a cure for common acne types yet? | [
"Well, the root cause of acne is hormonal changes in the young person's body. These cause a skin biome that's really desirable for these disease agents. Since a holistic solution to the root cause would have all sorts of undesirable impacts on sexual maturation, that's flat out. So, medications are trying to counte... | [
"What you hear is misleading advertising. Scientists are pretty sure there is no one cure for cancer, because there are so many different kinds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do office buildings never fully turn off their lights at the end of the day? | [
"Many times it is for security reasons. The lights help the security cameras see better, the guards can see better, and it scares away burglars or loiterers. Also, there may just be a cleaning crew in that part of the office still, getting it ready for the next day."
] | [
"Turning the lights off uses no power. Turning them on uses almost no power, except for some fluorescent models where it can use up to 30 seconds of power. Short answer: turn them off, especially if you're likely to be gone for much more than a minute."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does water evaporates without reaching its boiling point? | [
"Even when it is not boiling the water molecules are moving all around. Mostly they like to stick around with other water molecules, but the ones near the top of a cup/lake/puddle sometimes get too excited and accidentally escape and float away as water vapor. Also, being near the top means they are probably warmer... | [
"You can only smell things if vapors are evaporating off of them into the air. The hotter something is, the more vapor you get, until you reach the boiling point and the vapor as forced into the air as fast as it can."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Photo-realistic animation: How and Why? | [
"So a really cool technology called photogrammetry is being used a lot more often these days in media, where high quality pictures, images, and videos are being taken and the images are then converted to code, which shows up as a 3D model rendering. That's not the answer to your question though. Many talented artis... | [
"The things that are touching get tangled. ELI25 Version: Pursue a Ph.D. in Material Science...we still don't have all of the answers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can the US be the richest economy in the world with so much debt vs incredibly rich countries like EUA, Singapore or China? | [
"Can a doctor with a $1million mortgage on his house and a $1000/mo. loan on his BMW be wealthier than a factory worker with only a $100k mortgage on his house and a paid off beater pick-up?"
] | [
"Because most of its citizens are still poor, subsistence farmers or low skilled factory workers, etc. The economy is massive but their population is ALSO massive. Their per capita GDP is about 1/7 that of the U.S."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do antidepressants work? | [
"It's thought they work by increasing levels of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. Certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and noradrenaline, are linked to mood and emotion. While antidepressants can treat the symptoms of depression, they don't always address its causes."
] | [
"To put it simply, they are self medicating. Nicotine can have effects similar to some drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do manual cars make that whining sound when reversing? | [
"The forward gears mesh at an angle and that reduces noise. Reverse uses straight cut gears which whine. Muncie made transmissions which used straight cut gears for forward and they had a distinctive sound."
] | [
"The noise isn't from the wheels, it is from the engine. It releases steam with each cycle of expansion and that makes noise. Automobiles don't go \"vroom\" because of the texture of the road either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How is it that your veins/arteries don't simply cut off whenever you sit or compress the body in normal circumstances? | [
"For the most part veins and arteries are not on the surface so simply sitting won't compress them enough to \"cut off\" flow, but it can be significant enough to reduce flow to the point your leg \"goes to sleep\" , also why you should not have legs crossed when taking your blood pressure, etc. Also the circulato... | [
"When you are blowing your nose you are compressing your lungs excessively hard and also pushing blood into your head at an excessive rate. Those things combined are raising your blood pressure to high levels. When you raise the blood pressure, especially in your head, you are making a situation where you begin to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If computer/tv screens operate on projecting an image through light, how do they convey shades of black? | [
"Full disclosure, with some newer technologies maybe this has changed, but it used to be that screens were designed to present as black as possible without any kind of light source behind them. When the color black was required, the television/monitor would simply not display any colors to that particular “dot”. So... | [
"When the light enters the goggles, it's converted to electricity, then boosted electrically, then the light hits a phosphor screen (like the screen part of old school CRT displays) and converted again to light. There's no way to preserve the color, so it's effectively a black and white image, but it's converted to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does homemade soup broth or gravy get gelatinous when you put it in the fridge? | [
"When you make a homemade stock or broth from meat bones, the gelatin in those bones is extracted during the cooking process. That gelatin seeps into the cooking liquid, and when cooled, it slightly solidifies causing a sort of meat jelly to form."
] | [
"Dehydration, mostly. Reheating the food destroys what remained of volatile compounds that made the flavors of your meal pop, while also removing more water from it. Sometimes this can be beneficial. It is why things like soups and tomato sauces get stronger and sweeter with a night in the fridge."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Food:"
} |
When a company goes bankrupt why are obligations to them still collectable but their obligations are essentially uncollectable? | [
"The money would then go to whomever is owed obligations from the company that went bankrupt. The money is still owed, its just a chain. It just flows through the bankrupt company to the people they owe money to."
] | [
"If they cannot pay it all now their wages will be garnished from now until the point that the debt is paid. Not all debts can garnish your wages, but governmental debts and legal fines can. These types of debts cannot be discharged via bankruptcy either. Odds are they will be paying for this crime for the rest of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the actual significance of the Notre Dame cathedral? | [
"\" I get that it's a huge loss of culture and history, but I just cannot bring myself to wrap my head around why it's actually so significant. \" & #x200B; It's a huge loss of culture and history. That's why it's actually so significant. Read particulars here: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If diet soda has no sugar, what is it that still makes it bad for you? | [
"There is nothing inherently bad for you about diet soda. It isn't ideal if you're trying to lose weight, because drinking it may stimulate your appetite. But as part of a healthy diet there's nothing wrong with no-calorie sodas, or even regular sodas. The regular ones just have a fair amount of sugar in them, whic... | [
"It does, but soda and juices also contain lots of sugar and chemicals which are not too healthy for you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is natural selection described as "survival of the fittest" when it is clearly "failure of the weakest?" | [
"Modern biology tends to avoid the phrase because it simplifies what is a very complex system. \"Survival\" is important, but ability to reproduce rapidly and/or spread your progeny is at least as important. Darwin used the phrase to mean that only species which are \"fit\" (as in, their biology fits heir environme... | [
"Anything that makes you produce more children means you were more fit. If this means better access to medical care then that will make you the \"fittest\". If being too stupid to work out how to practice safe sex means you have more children then that means you're the \"fittest\". By the way, most biologists hat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What's the difference (in terms of policy) between Trotskyists and Stalinists? | [
"Trotskyism was largely concerned with the idea of ongoing revolutionary sentiment and the active propagation of communism across the globe. Stalinism was heavily bureaucratic, used state violence to try to accelerate the Marxist process of progression toward communism, and - as a major feature, advocated communism... | [
"* Communism = revolutionary socialism * Socialism = the means of production should be owned by the workers * Social-democracy = reformist socialism * Marxism = Socialism in the footsteps of Karl Marx, 19th century man of letters. Often communistic but not always * Leninism = (or Marxism-Leninism) communism in the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does water seems to be repelled when you put soap or toothpaste in a surface with a thin layer of water? | [
"Toothpaste and soaps use surfactants which breaks the water bonding and makes it slide off."
] | [
"It is called capillary effect. Hydrodynamics, would tell us that ideally, the water level should remain the same. However, it doesn't take adhesive properties into account. Water adheres to glass (it can make it wet). On the thinner side, there is more surface area in contact, per unit mass of water. So, it can r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did it take over a century to build Notre Dome? Is it due to resources? Complicated structure? Part time work? | [
"Parishes had to finance their own construction work, while still passing money up the chain of command to Rome, so budgeting a huge project like that was very difficult. There weren't banks who would lend money for the construction, so they did what they could each year with the funds available. This either mean... | [
"It's not about the method but the motives."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Since the Native Americans were here before us, how... did they end up here? | [
"The native peoples of North America predate the Vikings and subsequent European settlers but also came via land migration. All human “tribes” originated in and around Africa and dispersed in all directions, globally. The native North Americans traveled across the Bering straight land mass that was temporarily expo... | [
"Colonization... Remember? These maps were drawn by people who had never even been to the African continent. This is yours , that's mine etc etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about history:",
"pos": "Represent the text about history:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why were the Native Americans so far behind cultures on the other continents? The Europeans has ships sailing around the world, agriculture, rode animals (e.g., horses), had firearms, etc., while the Native Americans are usually portrayed as barefoot hunter gatherers with little technology. | [
"I understand the question you're asking, but it's not a very good one. There isn't one timeline of human culture, where some communities are closer to \"advanced\" than others. Native communities had the technology they needed to cook and communicate, and the knowledge to travel by boat and use plants as medicine.... | [
"A simple answer is that they were hunter/gatherers. There won't be a whole lot of evidence that survived that long. Early humans used a lot of natural resources in their more pure form. Early Australians probably used boats or rafts held together by plant fibers. It's not true rope but it does work. So basically t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the difference between the white and black keys on a piano? | [
"The white keys are naturals (a-g) and the Black keys are the flats/sharps All the white keys are one \"step\" apart, and the Black keys represent a half step. So the Black keys are in between tones"
] | [
"What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are metaphysics? | [
"It's a branch of philosophy that deals with reality and existence. Questions that can't be answered or measured in science, like how do we know what reality is, what does it mean to exist, what is consciousness, what is there beyond time and space etc."
] | [
"_URL_0_ Relevant long read about diamond pricing. Recommended."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Click farms for paid adverts on social media | [
"Ads often pay per click, meaning someone who puts up an advertisement on their channel/account/whatever will get paid fractions of a cent each time a visitor clicks on the ad. A click farm fraudulently simulates that behaviour so the person gets paid more. The person who owns the account gets paid by the ad compan... | [
"Because of the possibility to get strikes, or copyright infringements, since some of them have direct access to YouTube workers, they can resolve problems way more quickly. Networks also help YouTubers to get higher paying advertisements."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do hamsters find hamster wheel so fun? | [
"In nature, hamsters have large territories and are largely solitary dwellers. We keep them in tiny cages and often with other hamsters, which goes completely against their nature. They would naturally run around marking vast territories (which accounts for their strong odor), mating prolifically (because they are ... | [
"According to google and youtube (not exactly scientific I know) rats will run on wheels, and there's even wheels for ferrets, though they are larger. I think perception might have to do with the animals' personalities. Rats and ferrets are usually more social (and bigger!) so instead of giving them a cage with a w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did Hip-hop/Rap become associated with gangs and violence? | [
"I’m the late 80s to early 90s a new style of rap began to emerge, “gangsta rap”. Rap was not a new style but this was. Compare it as being heavy metal growing out of rock. Gangsta rap was generally done by African Americans in poorer or inner city areas, especially in NYC and LA, and describes life in those areas... | [
"Rap is a specific musical style, hip-hop is more of a culture, which can also include dance, art and fashion etc. Kind of like Bluegrass vs. Country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are people funding rebuild of Notre Dame. Wouldn't such a thing have an insurance to cover? | [
"My question is what company insured a centuries old Cathedral, that housed countless priceless relics and pieces? I honestly have no idea. If I had to guess, the contents were probably protected with insurance, but the building itself? Its a National Landmark. Is Paris a self insured city, in which case, Paris is ... | [
"It's not even really those two: it's just money. There are many, many people besides politicians that would oppose such a thing, myself included. It would be an unbelievably expensive undertaking, and we have much better things to be spending the money on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
difference between sin(90) and sin(90°) | [
"Degrees are an arbitrary division of the circle into 360 units. However there are other division, for example [gradians](_URL_1_) are a division into 400 units. Another way to measure angles is using [radians](_URL_0_). With radians, one circle is equal to 2π. So a quarter circle (90°) in radians is π/2. Convertin... | [
"That's because it's in terms of pi, that the cosine function gives such a nice value. Hand calcs usually help show what's happening in cases like this. S sin(x)dx | from 0 to pi = -cos(x) | from 0 to pi = -(cos(pi) - cos(0)) = -(-1 - 1) = 2"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
As a non-American, I don’t understand the concept of tipping. Shouldn’t the employees receive enough money from salaries/wages? Or is tipping an excuse for the boss to underpay their employees? | [
"You are correct. It's weird here. Some local restaurants are moving to paying their folks a real wage and tell patrons not to tip. It's not only an excuse for employers to underpay, but wait-staff are also exempt from minimum wage laws. Well, sort of. Supposedly if they don't hit minimum wage with tips the employ... | [
"You do. You tip your hairdresser, the vallet, pizza guy, the bellhop, bartender etc. In case you didn't know, food servers are not paid a \"salary,\" they live off of tips. This is a cultural norm and employers don't have to pay them a wage because it's understood that they make their money in tips. Yes, they pay ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we know water is made of two hydrogen atoms and not just one? | [
"You can take pure oxygen and pure hydrogen and combine them to form water. By measuring how much oxygen or how much hydrogen is left over after all the water is formed, you can deduce the proportions that were used to make the water. When we do this, we can tell that two parts of hydrogen are used for every one pa... | [
"Can you elaborate? Do you mean contaminants like sodium? Or parts of water like hydrogen. Or parts of atoms like protons? Or parts of protons like quarks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do charging pads for phones, or that new Samsung that can charge from another phone, work? | [
"It's a form of inductive coupling. The phones have a coil of wire, as does the charging pad. When a high frequency alternating current is passed through the wire coil in the charging pad or phone which is providing charge, a magnetic field is created that switches its orientation very quickly. If the phone to be c... | [
"It's convenient. Less effort to place a device on a charging pad than it is to plug in a micro-USB. It's cool. We like things wireless. It smells like the future. (sorry thats appeal though, not advantage) It can be aesthetically more streamlined and pleasing. No loose micro-USB ends across your desk. It's less we... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how did our early ancestors make accurate large scale maps? | [
"People have known how to use the sun and stars to calculate their exact position on Earth for centuries. They would map by physically going to a new place, calculating their position, and drawing what they saw. Combine that with some basic trigonometry and you can make pretty accurate maps that even show topograph... | [
"The actual reason for this phenomenon is roughly understood. One of the leading theories for this behavior is that it imitates their spaceships. The ones they used over 2000 years ago to make contact with the ancient Egyptians and enslaved them to create beautiful statues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does water made from melted ice cubes taste different than normal water? | [
"It's a theory still being tested, but it more than likely has to do with oxygen levels in the water. Ice holds a higher oxygen level than water does, and continues to hold more oxygen for a short period of time after melting. Researchers have theorized this to be the cause of the difference in taste. Edit: the rea... | [
"I'd like to take this chance to point out something about water... Ever wonder why you pour yourself a glass of water at night, and then it tastes different in the morning? That's because the water has been reacting with the carbon dioxide in the air to form a small amount of carbonic acid! As for the varieties, i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why can we eat some leaves (Salad, basil, mint...) And not all like herbivores ? | [
"Eating leaves is not the same across all leaf eaters. For example, Koala Bears and Cows are both herbivores, but Koala Bears can eat eucalyptus leaves which cows cannot digest. Getting the same amount of nutrition from grass is done differently from species to species. Rabbits for example, will eat grass and then ... | [
"* Other animals don't just eat one thing. Very few animals only eat one thing, these would include pandas, humming birds,koalas & ant eaters. Obligatory carnations only eat meat. Obligatory herbivorous only eat plant matter. Animals are either herbivorous,omnivorous or carnivorous, fruit eaters (fruit bats),or ins... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Where does wind come from? How is it formed? | [
"On a basic level, the Sun heats the planet unevenly. Stronger at the equator than at the poles. Stronger in the middle of the day than at dawn and dusk. Heating the land slightly differently than the oceans. Warmer less dense air tries to rise causing regions of lower air pressure. Cooler denser air tries to sink ... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How come when you film a computer or TV screen it appears to have black bars running through it that you never normally see? | [
"Simplest explanation is because of the way old monitors/TVs display their image at a slow frame rate and how the camera is recording at a different frame rate. During playback they’re out of sync so you start to see partial scans on the display. Kinda like how a fast spinning wheel can look like it’s spinning bac... | [
"Usually you would want to do it in post-production because screens don't film well due to different refresh rates. They may have prompts on the screen if the scene calls for it though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what are options in finance? | [
"It is a contract to buy an asset (stock, commodity, etc) at a specified price at some point in the future. That price could be higher and lower than the current price. It can be used to manage risk. If you believe a stock is going up you can buy options for the future to buy at a price that will be lower than the... | [
"> and all that stuff You're looking for an entire financial management course or tutorial. This is too broad for ELI5. Basic financial options have some differences from country to country, so you're best to google something like \"basic personal finance tutorial < mylocation > \" (substitution should be obvious)... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do the microphones in over-the-ear headsets isolate the voice so well? (the ones without any external microphone) | [
"I mean something like [this](_URL_0_). Microphone is embedded in the headphones. Just a little pinhole."
] | [
"There are a few ways. First, the speakerphone on the other side can make its own mic less sensitive when the speaker is active, to prevent the mic from picking up the speaker. The thing can physically be designed so the microphone is less likely to pick up noise from the direction of the speaker. Microphones will ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Technology:"
} |
Why does a person in space age slower than a person on earth? | [
"The passing of time is relative - as you said - precisely because it relates directly to the position in space-time of every observer. & #x200B; If the clocks were always synced that would mean time is absolute, which is contradicting your first statement. & #x200B; Also, you said the digital watch is not affect... | [
"If you are traveling at exactly the speed of light, then time does not pass for you. If you travel at the speed of light to another planet, it might take thousands of years from the perspective of someone on Earth, but you would feel like it was instantaneous."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Physics:"
} |
How do companies that make things such as drone remotes and car keys ensure that the signals won’t work with other drones/cars? | [
"Much like a physical key, each remote key system uses a unique code to identify itself. It was not always like this; in the early days of remote keys, a manufacturer would use a limited number of codes, and it was possible for a key to open a car that wasn't yours. Today it's typically taken a step further using w... | [
"In short: the internet of things is about putting a tiny computer and internet connection into everyday objects. This lets you do cool things like program your coffee maker to start brewing coffee before you wake up, or having your bed record how well you sleep and sending that information to the fitness app on yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What (if any) is the difference between people who regularly fast and people with anorexia? | [
"The first is a dietary discipline that keeps the body in a higher metabolic state and reduces disease, while the second is a mental health issue that starves the body of the nutrition it needs while focusing on attaining an unhealthy body image."
] | [
"As far as I understand it, slight stresses lead to over-eating. Whereas large stresses can lead to a lack of eating. On a graph, it would be an inverse-U. As stress goes up, appetite goes up, until a certain point at which stress is so high that appetite goes down. So a minor break up, or job stress might give you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How and why do certain salts and minerals grow into perfect geometric shapes? | [
"It's because of the structure of the ions in the salt. Different ions can fit a different number of bonds around them (for a basic example in Sodium chloride every sodium is bonded to 6 other chorides and same for each chlorine). Because bonds repel each other they want to be as far away from each other as possibl... | [
"Evaporation is slow and very energy intensive. Mining is easy, especially since salt (unlike most others) likes to form in huge uniform nearly pure deposits."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does milk dampen spicy foods so well? | [
"Capsaicin, the chemical in chilli that gives it \"heat\", is soluble in fat. And milk contains fat. That's why, if you eat something that's too spicy, milk or yoghurt will help, whereas drinking water will do nothing at all."
] | [
"Because toothpaste has non sugar sweeteners in it that kind of numb your sweet tasting taste buds and allows you to taste all the other flavors in the juice without being covered up by the normal sweetness of the juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can people in a country with fertile land like Venezuela be having a food crisis? | [
"Go out into a forest preserve and poke around sometime and see how much food you find. It's surprisingly sparse, plants that grow wild don't want to be eaten and have taken great steps to be inedible. The plants that we cultivate on farms have been heavily modified through centuries of selective breeding to produc... | [
"> Is the standard of living so low that everybody can just barely get by? This. Not only that, but in many places, people DON'T actually get by. People starve to death every day on this earth. The fact is, many of these countries CAN'T sustain the population growth that they have."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If salt draws out moisture, why does brining have the opposite effect and makes meat tender and moist? | [
"The process is called osmosis and it attempts to equalized the salinity (saltiness) inside and out. When all you have is salt on the outside, the only way to do this is for water inside to move outside, which then evaporates and dries out the meat. When you have salt and water on the outside, then it does this by ... | [
"It dehydrates, as the salt pulls all the water out of it, resulting in death. Think of how you preserve meats or prepare raw salmon, or prepare some cabbages; salt extracts water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do galaxies form 2D spiral shapes instead of 3D Spherical shapes, where the centre of the galaxy is at the centre of the sphere. | [
"because there are rotating .. if you spin a transparent ball with water inside you will have the same 2d shape. phisics first class"
] | [
"Think about a point of gravity (the center of a planet or star for example); matter is attracted to it and it all builds up. What's it going to look like when there are hundreds and thousands of tonnes of matter there? Is it going to be a big disc or a cube? No, it's going to be spread evenly from the origin (any ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do they go about fighting big fires in buildings like Notre Dame? | [
"Firefighters prefer to put water in at the base of a fire, it's more effective. In your house, they break out the windows to do this. In ND, those windows are priceless art objects. Where they can't break out windows, like a warehouse without them, they cut holes in the wall. Alas, the thick stone walls of an arch... | [
"Why do people get hurt in house fires? Can't they just walk out of the building?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How come Neanderthals are considered not human if we could successfully interbreed and communicate? | [
"Any member of the genus *homo* is considered human as \"homo\" is literally Latin for \"human.\" Neanderthals are a species of human, specifically: *Homo neanderthalensis.* But, different species can interbreed and this is not a hard barrier between species. Organisms of different (but closely related) species can... | [
"The usual definition of species includes the ability to interbreed. Humans would have to diverge so much from one another that two groups could no longer produce offspring, which is highly unlikely to ever occur."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Why in modern architecture does it seem not possible to construct certain buildings? | [
"We can, they just cost a lot of money. Money, and artisans. It’s quicker and cheaper to build a skyscraper or a megachurch than it is to build a cathedral, as it’s more a work of art."
] | [
"I believe that it's just you not perceiving them or that they blend into the structure. They are used on almost every structure now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is hypermodernity, I would some explaination of the wikipedia's definition if possible? | [
"Basically, make a thing and then figure out what it does, rather than make a thing to perform a certain task."
] | [
"Mirror Neurons _URL_0_ Basically it's neurons that enable empathy etc. Sorry, I'm a virgin at answering a ELI5 and I couldn't do better than wiki (the article seems easy to understand)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why is an orgasm such an intense, pleasant feeling? | [
"Evolution. We need to orgasm to survive. If it feels good we're more likely to reproduce, more likely to pass on that gene. If it felt horrible, people would not want to orgasm, would reproduce less, and pass on their genes less. Pleasurable orgasm means you do it more, meaning more offspring, meaning gene pas... | [
"Related question: why does it feel so GOOD to crack a joint? There's like a palpable relief sensation, what causes that?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why is peanut butter never rotten or get moldy? | [
"Basically it's too oily for most bacteria or molds to live in. Extremely oily or sweet substances like Ketchup inhibit bacterial growth almost entirely. Pickling or salting does this as well, all these techniques are ancient."
] | [
"Food going bad is mostly the work of bacteria and fungus. They settle in and multiply rapidly. On bacteria makes 2 makes 4, 8, 16, 32 and so on. As bacteria and fungus (mold is fungus) grow they eat the fruit for energy and the fruit shrinks, shrivels, and get mushy as it's slowly eaten. The reason we put things i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Could anyone explain Doppler shift to me? | [
"The easiest way to picture this is to imagine that the distant object is staying still and you are moving. Physics doesn't actually care which one is doing the moving, thanks to relativity, so this example holds true no matter how you're actually moving Imagine the beam of light coming towards you. The number of t... | [
"Could you clarify your question? What do you mean by work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why did Notre Dame have a 700+ year old wooden frame behind/above its stone walls? | [
"Because it was built several hundred years ago using wood that was several hundred years old already"
] | [
"They just put a big picture of outdoors on a board that's placed a few feet from the window"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are there snails everywhere after a few minutes when it starts to rain? | [
"Snails tend breath through their skin and hide in the leaf litter, and mostly focus on not drying out during the day time. So they tend to be more active at night when there is dew so they can absorb the moisture. Rain means there is moisture everywhere and they don't have the issue of drying out."
] | [
"You can. But there's still a lot of moisture in the air so it fogs back up after a little while."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
please explain why riding in an elevator i have no internet connection. Then when the elevator stops i immediately have my videos play,load up etc. | [
"You are inside a metal box, encased in a concrete or cinder block shaft. Radio signals have a hard time penetrating that. But once you 're stopped and there are less solid enclosures some radio waves can get to your phone"
] | [
"In my bank after a year the data goes to an offline server to clear room on the onlinr one so it doesn't slow down. EDIT: forgot to say, i can still access that data but i need to get to the bank and ask for it, and it can take a few days."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Bluetooth work? | [
"Bluetooth uses radio waves between 2.400 to 2.485 GHz to send data. The specific data is stored in the amplitude and frequency of the radio wave."
] | [
"Bot explained how bots work. Thank you Internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do I use less cellular data directly to my phone, or through a WiFi hotspot, which is using cellular data? | [
"Theoretically, if you are asking if using your phone as a wifi hotspot for a laptop will use more data than using the browser within the phone itself, the anwser would be using the phone itself. Being a phone it will request the mobile version of websites first which are built much liter and easier to run on small... | [
"You can turn off \"data roaming\" in the settings, that will stop your alotted 2GB of data being used. It could have a different name, but its where the settings are to turn off wifi You can turn off wifi too, to save battery. > And how does the phone connect to the internet without WiFi? it just uses the data r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the sunlight have different “hues” throughout the day? i.e. why is golden hour a thing? | [
"The air is thicker closer to the ground. The air and its components absorb less red light than other hues as the sunlight passes through it. When the sun is directly overhead, the rays of light fall straight down, but when the sun is at an extreme angle (sunrise and sunset) the path of the ray travels a longer pat... | [
"A blood moon happens when the earth is between the moon and Sun which causes a shadow on the moon (lunar eclipse). I'm now entirely sure why it comes through the atmosphere as red, but I assume it comes from light filtering much like Sunlight coming through makes the sky blue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do biologists differentiate two species of the same genus ? | [
"This is actually a pretty good question, and there isn’t a good answer to it. A common definition of a species is a population of organisms which can reproduce with each other. However, maybe species can breed with other species—like polar bears and grizzly bears, horses and donkeys, etc; this is called hybridiza... | [
"There is greater genetic difference between two individuals than there are between the \"races\", the concept of race is fundamentally superficial genetically speaking, in fact humans are one of the most homogeneous species known to exist For two animals to be considered different species, they must not be able to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Regarding Notre Dame...how does a stone building burn down? | [
"[Here's](_URL_0_) a bunch of pictures of the frames of the Notre Dame, including the roof frames. The entire structure wasn't built of stone."
] | [
"I could be totally wrong but I've always thought of it as a shortened version of \"How did this come to be?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I understand the concept of how ray-tracing works, but what was changed to make it work in real-time on graphics cards? | [
"New algorithms simplify the computations required. Also, building GPU chips for ray tracing means the hardware is better suited for the specific tasks that ray tracing demands. We've heard for years that real-time ray tracing was decades away from being possible (or perhaps impossible), but that was assuming every... | [
"In ELI5 reasoning it's the same reason why a racing car with both a stronger engine and better aerodynamics will beat an inferior one. PCs have access to more powerful processing components. The two most important ones are the CPU and GPU, with the GPU being the key in graphical fidelity, but the CPU also needs to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
where does my water go after it goes down the drain? Also if it goes to a water treatment plant does it just get “cleaned” and put back in for use? | [
"It ends up in the sewer. From there is goes to a sewage plant to get treated. Once it makes it through, it gets dumped back into a creek/river."
] | [
"Its ground water that filters through metallic deposits (usually iron and calcium) before its pumped out into the city system. Soft water is ground water that filters through limestone and \"softer\" minerals before its pumped out through wells to be used in city water systems. Personally, i grew up in hard water,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can you determine paternity if two identical twins slept with the same woman and she got pregnant? | [
"Standard paternity DNA testing cannot differentiate between identical twins. Similarly in criminal cases it has been enough to establish doubt as to which twin committed an offense. There is a new test which sequences each twin's entire genome and looks for sequence mutations that are unique to every individual. _... | [
"They are (usually) fraternal twins. That means different eggs that have been fertilized by different sperm. Just like with human fraternal twins they are essentially just siblings born at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
5 Why is eating hydrating foods (cucumbers for example) uniquely different from just eating not hydrating foods and drinking an amount of water to compensate? | [
"Time. The majority of water you ingest is absorbed in the large intestine. & #x200B; Drinking water, assuming your stomach is relatively empty, takes only a few minutes to pass into the large intestine and be absorbed. & #x200B; Hydrating food on the other hand can take hours to get to the large intestine. And e... | [
"Okay, there's a problem with the premise. There is a common misconception that we must drink a specific amount of water each day to meet a \"daily requirement\". Not true. So long as you are peeing regularly, you're getting enough water. And that water comes from all sources that contain it, including other bevera... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why do routers wear out? | [
"Lots of people store routers in cupboards or have blocked vents where they can't cool down. Mine sits in the open as a feature to stay cool. Thermal damage will happen otherwise. They should last many years"
] | [
"Follow up question, why do some moles grow hair?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why tap water is drinkable only in some countries but not all? | [
"The water may have bacteria in it if the source of the water isn't fully treated, and the pipes that are used to carry the water may not be safe (for instance, if they are lead pipes, you can get lead poisoning from drinking the water)."
] | [
"Because it take a lot of energy to take the salt out of water, and energy is expensive. It can make sense in wealthy places of high population in a desert, like Dubai, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is it that our eyelids feel physically heavy when we are tired? | [
"Little gnomes inside your eyes know what time you need to sleep. It's then that they begin to prepare you for your coming dreams. They aren't that heavy after all, but many of them together are, it seems. They lie in wait for you to tire, and then awake to see you slumber. Hanging from your eyelids, all at once, t... | [
"If we haven't slept in a while, our eyes begin to hurt or itch. This is because, as humans, we rely heavily on our sense of sight. Because of this, our eyes get no rest while we are awake. Whether it's blinking, straining or simply focusing our sight, our eye muscles are constantly at work. When we sleep, we can f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Biology:"
} |
since the Notre Dame is a Catholic church, why are they needing donations to help repair and rebuild after the fire? Doesn’t the Catholic church have incredibly vast amounts of wealth? | [
"why do celebrities make/advertise go fund me accounts? why do businesses that make millions or billions of dollars still demand tax cuts or publicly funded sports stadiums? Why do women still expect men to pay for dates? Never pay ypurself if you can get other people to pay. Thats how you become rich in the first... | [
"Because people are dying to get in!!! BuDum-Tss!!! Plus, they are usually affiliated with a church, who owns the land and pays the workers from donations"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Social Issues:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Social Issues:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
hypertrophy and muscle tone | [
"Someone can correct me if I’m wrong, but I believe that when a muscle is damaged, many fibers grow back rather than a few super-strong/big ones. So it’s basically a quantity over quality thing. This also explains how muscles eventually get bigger after exercising them."
] | [
"Relief of irritation. Minor dopimine and adrenaline injection as well as increased blood flow to your brain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What is a runtime library in programming? | [
"Lets say you have a stack of post-it notes. On each post it note, you have a header like 'How to Clean the Dishes' followed by a step by step instructions. You have post it notes for every possible thing you need to do on a daily basis. You stack them neatly and staple them together. Congrats, you just created a l... | [
"Programmer is to construction worker as software engineer is to architect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
When paying taxes, why can the IRS take the money you owe, but need ~21 days to give you your refund? | [
"Same reason you can walk into a business and pay cash without giving your name for something, but if you need to return it, you have to provide proof of purchase, and sign something- it's more likely someone would like to collect money they didn't earn, than someone would pay money they don't need to. It would tak... | [
"Properly, the tax return is the form you fill out and send to the government. Your refund is the check you get back if you paid too much during the year. Many people incorrectly refer to their refund as their return and mix up the terms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
what an ion drive is and how it works. | [
"Imagine you’re in space, with a baseball. You throw said baseball. The baseball flies away, but you are also pushed back. An ion drive works by throwing hundreds of very very tiny baseballs (ions) very very hard, causing whatever is doing the throwing, (in this case your ship), to move in the opposite direction. I... | [
"LI5: The magnet will stop behaving magnetically once it hits a certain temperature (sort of). Then it'll simply behave like a piece of metal and melt LI20: Let me know if there is interests, not typing an explanation for the hell of it, though it's not extremely complicated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Technology:"
} |
why do old people talk so slow? Have we sped up our language pace over the years? Do their brains deteriorate with age making it harder to talk? | [
"There is some cognitive deterioration and delay as we age, which slows down the thought process and delays effective sentance stucturing without a bit more time to think about it. Also most older folks have hearing loss, and it's easier to make sure you're not tripping up on your own words if you talk slow and can... | [
"What did you say? Haha. It is normally because you are distracted by something else for a split second and the thing you were thinking about has not processed out of short term memory. Source: I am 52 and this happens to me. Sometimes I recall enough of what happened to realize what distracted me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Memory and communication:"
} |
Why do pop rocks pop? | [
"They're carbonated, just like soda. While they're being manufactured, pressurized carbon dioxide is forced into the molten candy syrup. When you eat pop rocks, each bubble rapidly depressurizes and makes a popping sound as it does so."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do video game cutscenes usually look much better than the actual games? | [
"Cutscenes can be pre rendered so that it's like a small movie. Developers can use a very beefy system to make sure the cutscene looks great. All your system needs to do is play the movie. Furthermore the camera view point, animations, physics (how things should interact with each other) are predictable, meaning th... | [
"It's not exclusive to mobile apps. You see it quite a bit in regular videogame commercials, I can remember them from the 90s showing little to no actual gameplay, or stuff that doesn't happen in the game sometimes, or bits and pieces of FMV sequences, etc. If it loosely correlates then it's probably given a pass."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does healthcare is the USA differ from most western countries? I don't think any European country practice healthcare in the same manner. Why is there such a big difference? | [
"if anything ever seems weird about the US, the answer is that it's making a few people very rich. we're at war because it's making a few companies rich. We fuck you over if you get sick or injured because it makes insurance companies rich. Our police are the way that they are because it puts healthy, younger men ... | [
"An evil, socialist health system where health care is equal for all. See: Most of the 1st world, such as Australia, Britain, Canada, etc. Basically, the health care providers can be privately run, but the funding is provided by the government. This makes (hospital) health care largely free in most cases. Also, t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Can a magnet create light? | [
"Yes, a rotating magnet will create light -- but not visible light. You could create radio waves this way, but to create visible light you'd need to spin the magnet 600 trillion times a second. The centrifugal forces would rip the magnet apart unless it was literally a single atom or molecule in size. And in that c... | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does a high speed fan appear as if it is rotating in some distinct frames to human eye? | [
"This is because almost all lights we use have some flicker. The lights are powered by 50 or 60 Hz mains, and so will often flash (or at least change brightness and olor) with each half-wave, so at 100 or 120 Hz. High quality LED or compact fluorescent use switch mode power supplies, which filter out the mains flic... | [
"If you are talking about on TV then that is the wagon wheel effect. Basically if a hand on a clock were spinning so fast that in frame1 the hand was on 6 then in frame2 it had rotated, clockwise, all the way around to 5, when played back it would appear to have gone backwards, when really the camera simply missed ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what is this quote saying? | [
"I think it's saying you know he's a drunk because he's had 3 glasses and still isn't showing any effects. Indicates he's built up a high tolerance to alcohol by drinking all the time."
] | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does prion disease work? Why does it happen on identical species only? (ex. cow eats cow, or human eats human) | [
"Prions can cross between species as well - hence the hysteria around CJD and mad cow disease several years ago. So your query is really about how it works. Prions are basically proteins that build up in brain tissue, and can cause proteins in the brain to fold abnormally. Proteins have to fold in a specific way to... | [
"This is because of prions, which are infectious misfolded proteins. They exist only in the brain and are transmitted when someone/thing eats infected brain matter. The prions cause the host's proteins to misfold, causing cell death. This creates the characteristic spongy brain associated with prion diseases like K... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do scientists know if they`ve already discovered a certain star or planet? | [
"They don't search by a name, they search by the coordinates of the star they are looking at."
] | [
"[/r/askscience](/r/askscience) is the best place for an accurate answer to a question like this. I am not sure what the first evidence was, but one thing, we now have the ability to analyse the light light coming from the stars. It is exactly the type of light we would expect from a sun undergoing nuclear fusion."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Astronomy:"
} |
How come we can enter a password for years but forget it just when thinking about what it is? | [
"Because you enter the same password every time it is required (if you use the same password for everything, which most people do), eventually it becomes part of your muscle memory, where you don't even have to think about what you are typing, you just do it because you have learned that it will get you to where yo... | [
"They email you if you forgot your password."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Cognitive psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Cognitive psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why are sand fly bites so nasty? | [
"From what I understand(and have experienced first hand), sand flies have a saw-like mouth that gently chews your skin in order to feed. Their saliva i think helps act as a blood thinner to keep the wound open and is the reason for the insane itching. That and they have buzz saw mouths. Lil bastards"
] | [
"Grass defends itself from being eaten by having a lot of a material called silica in it. Silica makes grass tough and also causes lots of tiny scratches when it comes into contact with your skin (kind of like sand paper). When your body is scratched it releases histamines which are what cause the itchy feeling. Hi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What happens when someone crashes into a fire hydrant? How does the fire brigade "fix" it? | [
"Fire hydrants aren't pressurized until they are used. So when you see a movie or TV show where someone hits a hydrant and it starts spraying water, that is Hollywood being dramatic and not real to life. There is a five sided nut on the top that controls a valve several feet below the ground where the fire main con... | [
"It probably can't cause an explosion. In fact it probably won't even cause a fire. However the incidence of people accidentally leaving their cars in gear and plowing into pumps greatly decreases if they turn their cars off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is there a burning sensation in the nose before you sneeze? | [
"A sneeze is initiated in a nerve center (nucleus) in the brain stem. There are sensory nerves in the lining of the nose that feed into this nerve center. When nose hairs are stimulated, or an allergen is encountered in the nose, other cells in the nose release compounds called histamines, which irritate those nerv... | [
"If we really do not sneeze while we are asleep, does that mean that there must be a conscious decision to initiate a sneeze?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do large scale fires take so long to be put out? | [
"Thats happens because of how the fire works. In order for fire to burn, you need fuel, heat, and oxygen. Now, its not enough to just locally remove oxygen or energy for a moment. You need an orchestrated effort to keep situation controlled until its all extinguished. If you dont, dangerous things happen (like, fo... | [
"Firefighters must be available 24/7 and have all the equipment and preparation ready to get to a location as fast as possible. These abilities are important for not just fires, but also medical emergencies. Many fire departments, especially those in rural areas, might fight an actual fire only every few months. Bu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if Earth is safe by asteroids missing us all of the time, why is the moon covered in craters? | [
"The atmosphere comments are true for sure. But also consider that the Earth surface has been hit by many millions of asteroids. You see them on the moon because there is no weather/water/vegitation to erode the surface and no plate tectonics to recycle the crust. The Earth has all of these and is constantly recycl... | [
"Well currently both Voyagers are in interstellar space, and in the start of the 2020s, Voyager 1 is going to lose signal, and power. The golden record is an interesting topic, and I read a cool [article](_URL_0_) about it recently. As far as it last a billion years, we would never really know. There is of course n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Astronomy:"
} |
why are some colours or patterns “soothing” and “calming”, while others may make people feel “uncomfortable”/ “overwhelming”? | [
"Evolutionary conditioning. Ancestors learned things those color bite. Those other colored things are nice. Same reason babies are considered cute."
] | [
"A lot of people use laughter as a defense mechanism when they're uncomfortable or in pain (physically or mentally)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do people teach themselves to read? | [
"Initially, they don't. They are taught, by parents or teachers at school. Once a person knows the basics of reading, they can develop from there by learning context clues - a word that hasn't been encountered will generally indicate its meaning through its context in a sentence. Alternatively, they can simply look... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If the IRS already know how much you owe, why do you have to do your taxes yourself? | [
"Because companies like TurboTax have lobbied against filling directly or the IRS filling for you for years and years. They say it's too complicated. The IRS has all the information in hand to just send you a bill for what you owe. Makes me so upset."
] | [
"You're not going to go to jail over taxes. You have to do something big, and against the law, and on purpose to go to jail over taxes. Normally, you just fill out the forms and mail them in to the address on the forms. Until you've got something fancy like a home business, you can do this in like 10 minutes and th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some languages spell America with a 'k'? | [
"In some languages the letter \"c\" always gets the soft \"s\" sound, so to remain phonetically correct they have to spell it with a \"k\" to produce the hard \"c\" in America. English gives the letter \"c\" both a \"k\" and an \"s\" sound depending on context, but not all languages are so sloppy."
] | [
"Usually, \"grey\" is the British/Commonwealth spelling (like adding the \"u\" in color/colour), while \"gray\" is the American spelling. I remember it by grey has an \"e\" for English and gray has an \"a\" for American."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What happens when you use a higher resolution wallpaper on a 1900x1200 monitor? | [
"Yup! It just gets scaled down. The reverse is also possible. You can also use SVG files as a background, which have no fixed resolution at all."
] | [
"The printscreen image would be at the resolution of the screen you're viewing it on. So if you put a 3840x2160 pixel image on a 1920x1080 screen, the resulting printscreen image would be 1920x1080px, and therefore half the resolution of the original image."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do some lightbulbs make white light and others yellow light? | [
"Incandescent (filament) bulbs are generally on the warmer side, but the century old tech can't produce actual 'daylight' light which has a temperature color of around 5600 °K. Fluorescent lights tend to be on the cold/blueish side and LEDs, which are fast replacing both Fluo and incandescent tech are available in ... | [
"Sometimes instead of being called neon colors they are called \"fluorescent\" colors. What makes them fluorescent is that they absorb light you normally can't see (UV light) and then release that energy as visible light. The result is that if you shine light that has UV in it (like sunlight or a blacklight) instea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do shows like Planet Earth and Our Planet get shots of animals without disrupting their natural habitat? | [
"Answer: Lots of time and waiting. Yes, wildlife cameramen bring big lenses, but they also need to have incredible patience. I remember one photographer talking about how he had to basically wait for the same big cat to come by, make his presence known and show the big cat that he was safe and just there to observe... | [
"In the past humans only ever really had the opportunity to view animals in-person as photography and video weren't practical or able to fully represent the animals. There was a demand for the ability to view new things and zoos were a good tourism draw. Also they give the opportunity for specialists to work closel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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