query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is schizophrenia? | [
"Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which is to say that it is a collection of symptoms which commonly manifest together and have a Associated label. It is important to note that this does not mean that they share a cause, and currently what thing or things call schizophrenia is still not fully understood. Also, there ar... | [
"Nobody knows for sure. But it doesn't effect everyone, about 20% of the population. Edit: it is called Autosomal dominant Compulsive Helio-Ophthalmic Outbursts of sneezing syndrome - or ACHOO"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is the JFK administration referred to as "Camelot"? | [
"Camelot refers to the overly romanticized story of King Arthur, a young dashing king with his beautiful queen at his side. It seemed to encapsulate the overly romanticized notion of Kennedy, a young dashing president with his beautiful first lady at his side. It was just an euphemism to describe the aura that the... | [
"What is the veracity of the claim that TR was included so there would be two Republicans on Mt. Rushmore?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did everyone think beanie babies would grow in value? | [
"They did grow in value. And there are people who became millionaires by buying beanie babies and cashing them in at the exact right time. Same thing with comic books, and tickle me Elmos, and any number of other fads. But there are a lot more people who bought them and did not sell at the right time, leaving them ... | [
"A bubble is when the prices of a thing are inflated far beyond their actual value. Typically this attracts more and more people who are not interested in owning that actual thing, they are just trying to cash in. So you just have speculators selling from one to another until the price eventually gets too high, the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does a turntable needle made of diamond get "worn" by moving through the comparatively soft grooves of a vinyl record? | [
"The diamond tip is rounded and smooth, so it cannot scratch or cut anything. The record is soft and relatively stretchy, so it actually more or less expands around the diamond tip (within a limit). A bad tip or too much pressure can cause this to stretch too far, damaging the record. Anyway, bits of dust or grit c... | [
"Audio isn't pressed into vinyl. Audio is vibrations in air and bumps which reflect those vibrations as impacted on a stylus driven by a microphone are presses into the vinyl. By dragging a stylus over those bumps the audio can be reproduced."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How is sodium chloride broken down in the body, seeing as chlorine is toxic to humans? | [
"The component elements are quickly put into other compounds, rather than being kept separate. The chlorine is used to form hydrochloric acid for the stomach."
] | [
"Anatomy student here. I'll do my best to answer your questions. > I understand that milk would be made up of organic molecules and so are most drinks...but water is inorganic, right? Water is inorganic. Something is organic if it has carbon. Water has only hydrogen and oxygen. No carbon. > How does the body diff... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
- Why does water appear white while in motion but not while standing still. Like white caps or huge tidal waves? | [
"It is due to the amount of air (bubbles) that are churned up. The smaller the bubbles and the more of them that there are make water look more white."
] | [
"The twinkling effect which causes brightening/dimming/color change is caused by diffraction (bending) of light in the atmosphere. It is the same reason why if you have a glass of water with a straw in it, the straw will look like it's in a different place underwater than in the air. Or, if you are looking at a pon... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can a founder/CEO be ousted from their own company? | [
"The CEO works for the Board of Directors. The Board is appointed by shareholders. The shareholders own the company. If the CEO is not the majority shareholder of the company, the board can tell them what to do. If the CEO is a majority shareholder in a company and steps down, it's probably because they realize the... | [
"Employees own the majority of the stock of the company. The CEO and board of directors all work for the shareholders. If working conditions at the company are miserable then shareholders can vote out the CEO or the board members."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are insurance companies not paying for NOTRE-DAME rebuild? | [
"Notre Dame did not have insurance, just as most priceless historical monuments don't. It's just impractical for an insurance company to cover something that would be so exorbitantly expensive to handle."
] | [
"Illegal for YOU. Not illegal for someone with a licence to procure or make them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are the children of black and white parents generally a lighter black? As if the color is diluted but it doesn’t make sense because we learned in school either gene will be dominant the child should be either black or white? | [
"Your mistake was assuming black/white is controlled by one gene. Every individual gene is either dominant or recessive, but any two parents differ by thousands of genes which affect appearance, including at least a dozen which affect skin tone."
] | [
"I have dark brown hair but a red beard, after a haircut yesterday I actually looked this up out of curiosity. I'm no professional but from what I gathered this can happen because there is no single gene that determines our hair color or whether we have straight or curly hair. There are a number of genes that affec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How are small organisms like phytoplankton able to see and consume single cell organisms on the scale of microns? | [
"Most organisms that small can't really think, and at best can only distinguish light vs. dark via chemicals that only react in the light. Instead, if they track their prey at all, it's by chemical senses equivalent to smell. The vast majority, however, hunt by swimming randomly and bumping into food, which they pr... | [
"Nekton are small animals in the water that are capable of swimming against the current. Plankton are forced to moved with the current. The distinction is not quite so simple since nektonic organisms start small and are plankton and eventually grow big enough to swim against currents."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do whales avoid suffocation when they vertically sleep underwater together? | [
"All cetaceans sleep by taking numerous short naps, instead of one long uninterrupted sleep cycle. For most whales and dolphins, when they sleep, only one hemisphere of their brain sleeps at a time, so they remain partially conscious at all times allowing them rise to the surface periodically to breathe as needed. ... | [
"Geese are not sea creatures. Their nests are located on land, and they stay there during storms. Dolphins spend most of their time below the surface, where storms have little effect. They need to come to the surface to get air for just a few seconds every few minutes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is the moon white eventhough it is reflecting the sun's light, which appears red/orange? | [
"The moon is actually a dark grey color, it only looks white from here due to the contrast with the infinite blackness of space. The sun emits light at all wavelengths and peaks in the yellow-green, but it can appear red or orange at sunset since the atmosphere is screening out blue. At noon it's definitely white, ... | [
"When the sun appears overhead, the light from it has to go through only a thin layer of atmosphere. It barely affects the light - just scatters some of it and makes the sky appear blue. When the sun appears to set or rise, the light from it has to go through a thicker layer of atmosphere to reach you - it changes ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does water in an ice tray sometimes form stalagmites while freezing? | [
"Veritasium did an amazing [video](_URL_0_) on it, but the TL;DR of it is: Ice cubes freeze from the outside in, and ice expands as it freezes. This squeezes the water, which will occasionally squirt out a crack in the ice. As it flows out, it freezes, forming a tube. The tube keeps growing until the tip freezes or... | [
"Water molecules are shaped like a V. When water cools, these V shaped molecules get closer together because they are slowing down. Instead of stacking together like Pringles, they meet tail to head, forming hexagonal patterns. This is also why water expands when it freezes, destroying plumbing. This hexagonal patt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If we don't really have pain receptors on our physical brains, why do headaches hurt our heads? | [
"Because your head isn't just your brain. There are plenty of pain receptors in your scalp, and this is where the effect happens."
] | [
"Not really. They tend to lack the nerves that we use on our skin to feel. For example, brain surgery can be performed on a conscious patient with little anesthesia because the brain doesn't register sensation on itself, if that makes sense. That being said I believe some of our internal organs do register pain, so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can we see 55 million light years away but we can’t (haven’t) zoomed into planets some where much close to check if there mobility/intelligent life? | [
"We have trouble looking at really small things. The black hole was very far away but it was also enormous and even that photo was blurry. _URL_0_ Xkcd put together a nice size comparison to show exactly how big that black hole is"
] | [
"Sadly, those radio waves are not from alien radios, but from pulsars. they help our understanding of the universe, but we haven't proven alien life yet. As an addition, remember that 1.5 billion years ago civilization didn't even exist yet, let along radio equipment. Something living 1.5 billion light years away c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does 'building in the water' work for structures such as the Hoover Dam and Offshore Oil Rigs? | [
"For the Hoover Dam, they first changed the course of the river so they didn't have to build in water. Then they put the river back to its old course to fill up the reservoir. Offshore drilling platforms are built in several ways, but some of those ways involve building most components above or out of water, towing... | [
"Option 1: Build a seawall, commonly called a dike or levee. This is a physical barrier that will keep the sea out. Option 2: seal off the lower floors of your buildings and convert your former streets into canals. Option 3: Raise the city, streets and all to higher than the new sea level. Option 4: Relocate the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does rhyming in poems and songs appeal to us? | [
"In addition to patterns (good comment u/elbobosan), tradition is a big part of it. Essentially, we like what we’re used to, and poetry/songs have been based around simple rhyme structures for millennia. This is due to the fact that before reading and writing were common skills, rhymes made stories much easier to r... | [
"Rhyming is entirely cultural! Some cultures consider it important, and some cultures probably wouldn't even notice if they rhymed by accident. For instance, rhyming really isn't a thing in most east asian languages, but you'll hear it all over the place in Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Does strenuous physical activity cause your body to process caffeine faster? | [
"No, the breakdown of caffeine is not controlled by your metabolism. Theres things in your metabolism that break down food called digestive enzymes. Enzymes make chemical reactions happen. The enzyme that breaks down caffeine is not a digestive enzyme, but is an enzyme called cytochrome P450 oxidase. Same with alco... | [
"The caffeine tells your body to use up energy quickly. This raises your blood pressure. That alone can make you nauseous, but it uses your blood sugar too. If you haven't eaten, there is no more food replace it. There is also no food to absorb any of the caffeine to slow its effects."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do transparent materials/substances exist? | [
"Think of a wire mesh, like an insert on a window. Because it’s so thin light get’s through no problem. It’s the same with most materials, if it’s thin enough some light will get through. Let’s add some thickness by stacking up layers of the wire mesh. After a few layers it’s hard to see through and after a few mor... | [
"Whether or not light is present, they have properties that cause them to reflect certain wavelengths of light, so I think you could argue they still have a color. Neat question though. What is color? The reflected wavelengths or the properties that cause certain wavelengths to be reflected?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is there childhood hunger in a wealthy country like the USA? | [
"Due to a great inequality of wealth. Priviledged people and groups feel they earned all thier money and ignore how much was due to circumstances of their birth , so they think poor people just deserve to be poor Emphasis on rights and profits of corporations is another issue"
] | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How did the Berlin Wall work? | [
"The western half was surrounded by the wall completely, this is because it was located in the heart of what was then east Germany. Leading to the rather ironic situation of the half surrounded by the wall being the ‘free’ part of Berlin"
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are analogue clocks set up for 12 hours instead of 24? | [
"They get to be half the size, and we all know how to read it anyway. Early clocks were created that way because they tracked daytime hours separate from night time hours. The tradition stuck."
] | [
"Not OP but I'm unsatisfied with the answers so far. They're all based on knowledge of a day being 24 hours. How did they determine there are 24 hours in a day and not 4 or 6 or 8?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why in moments of extreme fear or anxiety, you may get a metallic/bloody taste in your mouth? | [
"High blood pressure can cause small vessels in your sinuses to burst, causing a nosebleed. If it's only a tiny bit of blood from a really small vessel, you get the taste of blood without noticing it otherwise."
] | [
"Seeing someone attractive makes you nervous (sympathetic nervous response), and you get a dry throat when you're nervous. So you swallow to try to get rid of the feeling of dryness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The modern concept of 'Mindfulness' and it's applicability to present day? | [
"Great minds think alike. I've sailed far and returned ta port with this booty. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: What is 'Mindfulness'? ](_URL_6_) ^(_19 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What is mindfulness? ](_URL_5_) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Meditation and mindfulness ](_URL_0_) ^(_2 comm... | [
"The French Revolution in regards to the mindset of modern culture. The Industrial Revolution when it comes to technological advancements."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do UN peacekeeping forces work | [
"They generally go in and separate groups in conflict, while providing humanitarian aid. Smaller missions will secure safe zones, while larger ones may freeze the entire conflict and force peace talks."
] | [
"The US has bases all over the world, and these bases need all sorts of personnel to operate. American troops also may be on loan to other militaries for training/coordination efforts, coalition activities, NATO stuff, American embassies, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is CBD and how does it differentiate from THC? | [
"Nah. THC gives you more of a \"head\" high. CBD isn't terribly psychoactive. You might get a little head change off of it, but for me the big thing it does is knock down my anxiety LIKE weed would, without giving me the other effects (the head high, the lethargy, etc.) I find CBD flower and wax to be a littl... | [
"Hemp and Marijuana are cousins. Hemp contains more oil and very little THC. MJ the opposite. There for hemp oil is less expensive. That's about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Can someone explain the mathematical and geometrical terms like 'Dual Space' and 'Euclidean Space' to me? | [
"If you want to r/learnmath I'd check that sub."
] | [
"If you mean classical physical dimensions...x,y,z and time. There is no limit for mathematical dimensions. In mathematics the dimension is the number of coordinates needed to express a point in some abstract space."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
"plasma" is just ionized gas, yet it is regarded as a "different state of matter"...why aren't ionized liquids or solids considered different states of matter? | [
"Plasmas are gasses where some of the electrons have been pulled completely away from the nucleus of the individual atoms, whereas an ionized gas is one where the atoms have metely gained or lost an electron. The free flowing electrons in a plasma give it electrical and magnetic properties that simply ionized gasse... | [
"Temperature is basic how fast molecules are moving. Molecules and atoms are sticky. At low speeds, the move so slow they get locked together. That's a solid. At higher speeds, they move fast enough to break those locks, still form temporary bonds. That's a liquid. Higher still, they move too fast to even form thos... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about science:"
} |
Why does cracking your back/joints get easier the more you do it? | [
"Most joints are supplemented with ligaments, effectively bits of fibrous string that hold the bones together. When you crack your joints regularly the ligaments stretch and become less effective, making it easier to crack those joints again later. It's the same reason why people who have dislocated their shoulder... | [
"Because good posture is actually a bit of a work out for your back. Those muscles get tired and want to rest so that's where the pain comes from. Keep up the good posture and you won't notice anything after a bit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does Miller-Urey experiment prove the origin and development of life on earth? | [
"The fact that life exists is sufficient proof that there was an origin of life, that's not really what the Miller-Urey experiment was about. It did however show that some chemicals which are important for life as we know it (e.g., amino acids that make up proteins) could be generated from fairly simple chemical re... | [
"We don't know for sure. We know that things like amino acids and other simple building blocks of life were very common on Earth and easy to produce under the conditions that existed at the time. We also have some ideas about what that very early life might have looked like. For instance, some people who point out ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is the voltage and the current of the electric motor checked in EOL in production? | [
"I suspect they were applying standard operating voltage and measuring the current. They would measure the voltage as well to document test conditions. If the current is out of tolerance, the motor likely has open or shorted windings."
] | [
"10 seconds on google Capacators (Breakdown voltage) is also affected by pressure, humidity and temperature"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does it feel like you get infinitely higher when coughing after smoking weed, vs when you don’t cough? Asking for a friend. | [
"I’m fairly certain it’s the lack of oxygen to the brain caused by the coughing that makes you feel extra high"
] | [
"I've had similar problems, when I was like 15 I used to smoke just fine all the time and it was never an issue. But one time I got way too high and i thought I was gonna die, now every time after that that I've tried to smoke I've gotten just as high as that. No matter what it is either, good stuff, weak stuff. I ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why don’t we eat bacon from other animals such as cows or sheep? | [
"We do. I personally love bison bacon. There's also turkey bacon. Beef bacon etc. Pork just happens to be the main source but you can cure and thinly slice any meat."
] | [
"For the same reasons why some parts of the world eat cows and pigs and think nothing of it, while others eat cats and dogs and think nothing of it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How were firearms mass produced before 18th c.? | [
"They were not. Each unit was hand-built by master craftsmen. No two units were identical, and the parts were usually not interchangeable."
] | [
"the use of steam power in the early industrial revolution is overrated. Much early progress was done with water power. Look up Richard Arkwright and the textile mills he setup, all water power. In the US, the Lowell textile mills, the largest manufacturing center in the US, was water powered well into the 19th cen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If lead based paint is so bad for you, how come lead pipes are occasionally used in plumbing. | [
"First off, lead pipes are not used any more in new construction. Second, lead based paint isn't inherently bad, like you're not going to die for being near it. But it flakes off, kids eat it, and now you've got lead in your body (there is no safe level of lead for the human body). Lead pipes meanwhile actually hav... | [
"So, the pipes were made of lead and lined with something else to keep the water safe. Then they changed sources and the lining got stripped, leeching lead into the water. People won't fix it because literally the entire city, everyone's houses, and the pipes leading out of the city would need to be dug up and repl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can magma clean up the plastic and other waste that lies on an ocean's floor? | [
"If it ever came into contact with magma, it would burn up. You'd still have to deal with the release of poisonous substances from the burning itself. Plastic is reasonably inert, it's probably just as well to leave it alone."
] | [
"Well if your garbage gets transferred via barge then it’s highly likely it could float down river to a delta and out to the ocean. If your garbage goes directly to the landfill then it’s story pretty much ends there. It’s possible for them to get into the ocean especially when some people actually just toss their ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is drinking distilled water bad? | [
"It is only a concern if it is the only thing you're drinking AND you are fasting for long periods of time. Yes it does leech out some minerals from your body, but normal intake of food and other beverages will easily replace it."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do wheelchairs that are controlled by people blowing into the straw-like tube function? | [
"Wow something I know about! I used to work on designing these kind of devices. The straw is connected to a pressure sensor which can detect blows and sucks of different intensity. At a most basic level you can either blow or suck on the straw. On top of that it is usually split into hard and soft blow/sucks. That... | [
"A lot of times they don't...leg and foot prosthetics are design to mimic a human gait just by the way they swing while walking. Hand prosthetics can be triggered by muscles in the forearm, and often have some sort of battery assist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do glasses make you see better? | [
"All light that enters your eyes is focused by a lens. If that lens isn't the correct shape the light isn't focused clearly. Glasses adjust the light entering your eye in such a way that once the lens in your eye has focused it, it is clear."
] | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
on Steve Wilkos Show, when a polygraph test is inconclusive, the tester does something called a "Forensic Credibility Assessment Test", what is that and how does it work? | [
"It's not a thing. It's made up jargon to make whatever this dude is doing sound legitimate and scientific. He literally explains what it is. He just asks the person questions and then assigns a score based on how truthful he feels the person is being. There's zero science or credibility behind it. It's pure quacke... | [
"Mostly because they don't actually work. The truth is that they are not a very good tool to tell if someone is lying. The threat of them or the willingness to undergo a lie detector test are sometimes used in official manner, but really lie detector test are not really reliable or trustworthy. The guy who popular... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we see molecules that are light years away? | [
"We don't see very distant molecules so much as we see the light emitted by the reactions of atomic and subatomic particles. Light does not have molecular structure; it has what is known as a dual nature: beam and particle."
] | [
"There are more stars more densely packed in the center. We can't see them individually because they are so far away."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are some publishers' games "playable" at just 20% of the download? | [
"A huge portion of the disk space taken up by a game may be items like maps, video/audio files, higher resolution textures, etc The actual base code needed to run is often very small in comparison. If the downloader prioritizes the base code and enough of the resources to play a level or two, the whole game may no... | [
"One big reason available space doesn't match the label is because of the fact that, for marketing reasons, it is only 1000MB for each GB, whereas your computer would use 1024MB for each GB."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why is the center of the earth so hot? Is it due to friction? Is every planet this way? | [
"Sort of 2 things. First it was very hot to begin with and hasn't had enough time to cool down. And that rocks decay giving off radiation. When they decay they give off heat. Every rocky planet in our solar system has a little bit of a hot core. Some planets cores are hotter and bigger than others."
] | [
"The gravitational pull from the gas giant would probably strip our atmosphere before making contact causing massive winds. Then as Earth fell into the gas giant, massive winds all around again with tons of friction so Earth would be subjected to a lot of heat, but eventually we'd hit the center. A lot of people as... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can’t hybrid animals (e.g. mules, ligers) reproduce? I know they “don’t have sex cells, which are needed for it”, but why? | [
"Wrong number of chromosome mostly. Just looked on the internet and saw that a horse has 64 chromosomes and a donkey 62. Therefore a mule (Horse X Donkey) has 63 chromosome. Germinal cells have half of the genetic material, so for a donkey a germinal cell has 31 chromosome and for a horse it's 32. Well for a mule, ... | [
"A horse and a donkey mating produces *mules*. Surely you have heard of mules. Most species cannot interbreed due to different chromosome count, unpaired chromosomes, or cellular chemistry (sperm needs very specific chemical signals from an egg cell). Cow and goats are not closely related and cannot interbreed. Goa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do photons experience time? | [
"> I don’t even know if this question makes any sense I’m just curious. It makes sense in that I understand what you're asking, but it doesn't make sense in that it's a meaningless question; it has no answer. A photon is always traveling at c in all reference frames, and to measure the passage of time, that can't b... | [
"Higher energy photons don't travel faster, they *vibrate* faster. The energy is carried in their frequency, not in their speed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
how do colourblind correcting lenses work? | [
"There are mild forms of colorblindness called anomalous color vision. With that condition, you still see all colors, but since, say, red and green are more similar than for people with normal color vision, you will find it harder to distinguish between hues in that range. A majority of the people called colorblind... | [
"Transition lens have photochromic dyes that only react the UV radiation. So only the Sun or UV emitting light would trigger the lenses to change color. Hopefully your office lights don't give off UV to the capacity to trigger transition lenses lol"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do "stream hack" or youtube-to-mp3 websites work, and how do they not get struck with massive copyright strikes? | [
"Every content you get by browsing the web is temporarily stored on your device. So it's not really hard to save it. For copyrighted material it's the use you make of it when you receive it the real issue, but there's no way to prevent you from saving it. Content providers can only try to make it as hard as possibl... | [
"> Can I use a song and credit the song maker in the description No. Crediting the owner of the copyright does not absolve you from the penalties for copyright infringement. Youtube has systems that constantly scan for infringement and automatically take down videos. People constantly find ways to avoid them, and Y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How much can our life choices change our DNA and how much of that could get transferred to our children? | [
"Your DNA is changed by random mutations, not by any actions of yours. Any injuries that remove a sense wil not be passed on. Any abilities that you acquire will not be passed on. [Lamarckism](_URL_0_) was the disproven hypothesis that this occurs."
] | [
"Your DNA is like the master blueprint for your body. However, there are a lot of steps between the blueprint and the final building where things could happen that result in a physically noticeable difference. For example, one twin may end up smaller and lighter if they get fewer nutrients in the womb due to positi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does gerrymandering work? | [
"Let’s say there are 30 cats and 20 dogs. We split them into 10 groups of 5. These animals must now vote for which animal is better within their groups, and the only the overall vote by the group matters. If each group contains 3 cats and 2 dogs, the cats win in every group. 100% of the votes goes to cats, who win ... | [
"They can and do. Illinois' 4th and Florida's 5th are prime examples of the dems gerrymandering. Unfortunately the only way our government tries to fix gerrymandering is with more gerrymandering. Edit: got my districts mixed up"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do man-made spacecraft use the gravity of other planets to gain speed? | [
"If you throw a bouncy ball at an incoming train(train coming 100mph) with ball going 10mph towards it, it hits the train 110mph. Because the ball is bouncy, it bounces back at 110mph speed on the opposite direction. So now the ball is traveling 210mph after you threw it at the train at 10mph speed. Gravity assist ... | [
"One possible side effect is stray asteroids or comets might not get pulled in by the likes of Jupiter. Not an issue these days, but earlier in the Solar system's history this might have impacted Earth (pun alert). Also, it would take a few minutes for the gravitational wave (or lack thereof) to reach Earth. From t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Science:"
} |
How can we 'feel' when someone is looking at us? | [
"We don't. Try an experiment. Purposely stare at 100 people today some distance from you for about 10-15 seconds each. Note how many turn to look at you or otherwise do something strange. Actually write it down. You'll see it's just a small percentage of people who could be said to react at all. That pretty much di... | [
"Are you sure this is a real phenomenon? It was my understanding that people are simply trying to remove a distraction so they can pay better attention."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Jurisdiction, and powers still retained outside of jurisdiction. (For Cops) | [
"Policemen are employees of local government. Their jurisdiction is the boundaries of the government that hired them. County sheriff's have jurisdiction in their county, and state police have jurisdiction in all the counties in their state. However, all these lines can add difficulty to the job, and often governmen... | [
"Every time, since the territory needs to draft a constitution and submit it to Congress in order to get Congressional approval for statehood. For each of the 50 individual stories, see Benjamin Shearer, ed., *The Uniting States*."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How are 'waves' created? | [
"It works because the hair is naturally curly. Just putting on a Du-Rag or Wavecap doesn't necessarily work. When you see a black guy constantly brushing his hair, he is trying to get waves. This is because the hair is naturally coiled. Brushing the hair consistently straightens and lengthens this coiled hair. But ... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do americans not use contactless cards? | [
"It seems like American credit card standards are always a step behind. When I was in England and pulled out my credit card without a chip, every cashier pulled out this ancient swipe machine and practically blew dust off of it. My best guess is that there are laws and regulations about credit card security that co... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is permittivity in laymans terms? | [
"Permittivity is a measure of how easy it is to put an electric field into a material by applying a voltage across it. Imagine you have two parallel conductive plates. If you apply a voltage across those plates, an electric field will appear between them. The more voltage you apply, the stronger the field between t... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about finance:"
} |
Why do our brains react so differently to music? | [
"Our brains have adapted to be pattern recognition seekers and are rewarded in doing so. Most lyrics in songs are poetic with rhyme schemes, metaphors and catchy lyrics that synchronize with a beat. If you are really “feeling” a song you will be able to realize these patterns inside and out. It takes more effort to... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you have a head-cold, where does the seemingly never ending supply of snot come from? How does your body make it so plentiful and quickly? | [
"It is plentiful because of the immune response. Histamines released in the lining of the nasal cavity during infection irritate nerve endings, which can trigger mucous production and the sneeze response. & #x200B; The lining of the nasal cavity contains special cells that product carbohydrate-based polymers that ... | [
"When you aren't sick, mucus acts as sort of a fly paper catching bacteria and dust and the like to keep it our of your lungs. The increase of mucus production is likely your body's attempt to flush out all of the crap in your system. No its not possible to get it ALL out as even where you're healthy you'll make so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health:"
} |
How do doctors give people immune systems | [
"This specific condition is known as SCID and it's a lack of a normal immune system due to one or more genetic defects. It makes your body unable to produce functioning B cells and T cells, which are critical parts of your immune system. It can be treated either with a bone marrow stem cell transplant, which introd... | [
"No offense, but your doctors there to field such questions. Your health matters, ask every question you can ask your doctor! It takes time to build up body levels of the active ingredients in your drugs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How come on certain cloudy days it looks like the sky just looks gray but on other cloudy days you can see the layers of different clouds? | [
"Some days it basically *is* one big cloud covering the entire sky. Other days there is more variation in the cloud cover, and you can see areas of different density. The \"one big cloud\" phenomenon is pretty typical of a slow-moving warm front. Variation indicates faster winds or less moisture in the air."
] | [
"It isn't completely true. How bright a rainbow is is a factor of how bright the light creating it is. But how bright a rainbow looks is about how bright the rainbow is compared to how bright everything around it is. So after the storm, if there almost no clouds the rainbow might not look very bright because of all... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Can someone explain the process of what happens in neurons/nerve cells when something is touched or otherwise sensed? | [
"You have receptors in your skin that can detect a bunch of different stimuli such as pressure or vibration. Like you have a receptor called \"Pacini receptor\" that looks like...an onion with a tail, the tail represent the axone (_URL_0_). When you touch something, the layers of this receptor will be deformed and... | [
"Warning I am not a neurological expert: In your spinal cord there are millions of nerve connections that go to your brain that are connected to physical nerves like the ones on your fingertips that tell you if something is hot or cold. When you stimulate or excite a nerve, the electrical signal travels through you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What forces a company or corporation to be bought out against its will? Are there different strategies of force when the company is public verse private? | [
"This is known as a hostile takeover and usually involves bypassing the ~~owners~~ managers of the company and going directly for the shareholders. If enough of the shareholders agree, they can force a sale of the company against the ~~owners~~' managers' will. Shareholders of a private company are fewer in number ... | [
"Because the shareholders are the owners of the company. If they aren't kept happy, they can replace the members of the board (though this is in practice hard to pull off when there are literally hundreds of thousands of voting shareholders). If the behavior of the board is particularly harmful, they can even sue i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
360 cameras? How do they work? | [
"Multiple cameras taking photos in all directions, then software is used to stitch all the individual images together"
] | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about biology:"
} |
Clouds are made up of water that has evaporated, in Summer when it is hotter and more water is evaporating there is often far less clouds than in Winter when it is cold and there are lots of clouds. What causes this? | [
"Truly evaporated water is invisible, it’s basically air. Think about the totally clear area right at the top of a boiling kettle. Clouds are tiny droplets if water, white and visible, like steam. The summer heat evaporates lots of water, but it only forms clouds in certain areas where it’s gets pushed up to colder... | [
"It tends to snow less when it is very cold. Colder air tends to be drier than warmer air is. That means less moisture in the air to fall in the form of snow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Meteorology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Meteorology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does beta decay create mass out nothing? | [
"The mass of a atomic nucleus is not just the mass of the protons and neutron is them but alos the binding energy of them. Energy and mass is the same as the famous E=mc\\^2 says Carbon 10 have a mass of 10.01685322 U and after beta + decay you produce Boron 10 with a mass of 10.012936862 U so the resulting isotope... | [
"One of the main points of the theory of relativity says that the laws of nature are invariant, basically meaning they are the same everywhere. The difference between Antimatter and normal matter is the opposite charge, apart from that, a positron and an electron are exactly the same, they have the same quantum spi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why does onion turn translucent when it's cooked? | [
"Onions are made up of mostly colourless fluid. They appear white because of all The connective tissue in the onion. When you cook the onion the bonds holding the connective tissue break and they become more transparent. It's similar to why polar bears look white. Edit: I was wrong. Onions have air pockets which c... | [
"Certain flavors are enhanced or dulled by temperature. Cold makes it hard to taste sweet. This is why melted ice cream or warm soda taste too sweet. Heat makes bitter less noticeable. This is why cold coffee tastes bad. And why cold vegetables can taste bad. Also changes in temperatures can cause fats to solidify.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why when we do hard physical tasks (lifting large weight for example) do we instinctively hold our breath when continuing to breath normally is a better option? | [
"It's called the valsalva maneuver. Holding your breath increases interabdominal pressure which aids in stabilization of the torso and increases force production."
] | [
"It is a good way of psychologically getting someone to clam down. You would actually lower youre heart rate faster by breating in and out through you're mouth slowly, (you wouldn't see an athlete attempting to breath in nasally near the end of a race it would have no benefit) but by telling someone to breath in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How can facts interfere with ongoing prosecutions? | [
"If the prosecution is still gathering evidence, then telling others _how_ they are gathering said evidence may limit their ability to do so. For example, lets say that you are prosecuting fraud at a bank and you indict a couple of low level people in hopes they will flip on higher managers. The evidence you have o... | [
"In what way? Are you asking how it would play out legally? are you asking how to coerce a confession?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What happens to all the bugs in the winter? | [
"They use a few different strategies: 1) Just leave - monarch butterflies and locusts head down to Cancun to wait it out. 2) Overwinter as an adult - ladybugs, some spiders, and the queen bee find someplace cozy and hibernate. 3) Die, and leave your eggs or larvae for next year - adult cicadas and mosquitoes don't ... | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do you feel the sensation of bugs crawling over you when you actually see bugs? | [
"Your brain has a gating mechanism. Basically if you feel the same sensation for an extended time, your brain decides that feeling isn't important anymore and ignores it. This includes all sorts of things, like the feeling of your teeth on your tongue, your lips touching, the clothes on your skin, your phone in you... | [
"Probably because you are not used to the way your hair follicles feel when the hairs press against things, such as when you sleep at night. It can make them sensitive, but only at first!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are huge flashes of lighting not followed by loud thunder but much smaller flashes come with much more thunder and a rumble | [
"the thunder sound depends on how far away the lightning struck. the lightning where you heard no thunder means it was too far away. the reason that \"huge flashes of lightning\" are further away is because of your field of vision. it's the same reason why cars further away from you seem like they're moving slower... | [
"We clench our jaw, too. It's what little we can do other than covering our ears to suppress noise. OR it might be an evolutionary thing. Thunder which is loud comes with lightning that is bright, or we could be trained as children to equate a loud bang with something popping or exploding which could send pieces fl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
[PHYSICS] [FLUID DYNAMICS] Why does the vapor cone suddenly vanish after passing the speed of sound? See video inside: | [
"The shuttle is going nearly 800 mph straight up, they might just have passed into another air mass with a lower humidity level. The border doesn't need to be super sharp for it to seem to happen quickly when moving at such a speed."
] | [
"Do you mean like this? _URL_1_: This happens because 1. The strong sun light makes the ground much hot, which in turn makes the layer of air just above the ground much hotter than the air higher up. (or causes strong thermal gradient near the ground) 2. Light goes slightly faster in hot air than it does in cold ai... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does Sugar Cure Hiccups? | [
"It can work, sometimes the shock of pure sugar will help reset the diaphragm in the same way a good jump scare will. The idea is to stimulate the vagus nerve (the one running down your spine) to \"reset\" itself and stop sending signals to the diaphragm to spasm, which is why water or holding your breath can also ... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some vitamins need to be taken while eating and some before/after eating? | [
"Vitamins E, D, K and A are fat soluble, so you need to take them with something fatty. The others are water soluble. Add that to the different effects every vitamin has."
] | [
"Some medications are less effective if there is food in the stomach to interfere with absorbing the medicine. Other medications are more likely to upset the stomach if there is no food in it. So, the first kind needs to be taken on an empty stomach, and the second kind needs to be taken with food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are you supposed to have a full stomach before taking advil or other medicine or vitamins? | [
"The pills cause stomach irritation, and in some cases, has the ability to burn a hole in your stomach. Having food in your system slows down that process and eases the digestion and absorption. Similar to drinking alcohol on an empty stomach as oppose to one with food. *hope that helps"
] | [
"They both function a bit differently, but essentially, here are some key points: Paracetamol/Tylenol: More effective at reducing headaches, more difficult for liver to process when taken in large amounts, fever reducer, more of a pure pain killer Ibuprofen/Advil: More effective at reducing inflammation/general ach... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If our internal temperature is around 98°F, why does it feel hot when it's 95°F outside? | [
"The hotter the temperature outside, the more difficult it is for your body to cool off. Even if it’s not the same temperature or hotter, the closer the temperatures become, the more difficult it becomes to shed excess heat, thus feeling hotter. The cooler the external temperature, the more thermal energy it can st... | [
"This is more related to relative temperature than actual water temperature. The pool temp is probably pretty constant, we'll call it 65 degrees Fahrenheit. If it's 90 degrees outside and your body has started to adjust to that setting, 65 degree water is going to feel nice and cool. On the other hand, jumping in a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does electronic interference work, and why isn't it a bigger problem with so many electronics around? | [
"It's like when you're in a noisy room and cant hear anyone clearly. That's EMI. There are ways to clear up EMI such as shielding, ie you and the person you're talking to go to another room. Moving things closer together, ie you and the person get closer to each other. Increasing power, you and the person talking l... | [
"The fear used to be if might affect communications in some way. So turning off phones was a preventative measure. I don't think there's ever been a confirmed case of a cell phone interfering with communications though, and nowadays there's so much shielding against potential interference it probably won't affect i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How does bytes and electronic storage etc. work? | [
"A byte is 8 bits, a bit is either a 0 or 1. So a byte is a total of 8 0's or 1's (00000000 through 11111111). Storage depends on the storage medium, magnetic storage (hard drives) converts bits into a magnetic charge stored on a metallic disc that can later be read and converted back into a bit. SSDs work a littl... | [
"Hexadecimal codes (a method of counting in base 16). Don't really know what they might represent in said forums. User ID perhaps?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can ice form at sea when you use salt to melt ice? | [
"Salt simply lowers the freezing point, so at areas where the water is even colder than that it can still freeze."
] | [
"Because the ground takes a long time to get below freezing; also it takes a long time to freeze large amounts of water just like it takes a long time to freeze something in the freezer.. Secondly, contaminants in the water like salt lower the freezing point of water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do the roads look shiny when looking at them from far away? Almost like there is water on them. | [
"If you're referring to the effect you see on hot days, that's a mirage. The sun heats up the road, so air down low is hotter than air above. The speed light waves travel through air depends on temperature, so this gradual difference means the light curves as one side of the wave gets ahead of the other. So light f... | [
"City lights! The clouds and the snow kind of act like two mirrors, and city lights bounce around between them. This doesn't really happen during cloudy nights in the summer because there isn't any snow on the ground. Basically, all the light pollution is bouncing off the snow and onto the clouds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to the umbilical cord as we age? | [
"The internal parts of the blood vessels that run in the umbilical chord close off after birth and turn into strings of fibrous tissue that stay there as long as we live. The remnant of the umbilical vein is known as the [round ligament of the liver](_URL_0_) while those of the two arteries are the [medial umbilica... | [
"When a baby is born it is still connected to its mommy through the umbilical cord. The doctor has to snip this cord to free the baby. Different doctors cut this cord at different lengths, so when the cut heals the belly button forms. If the umbilical cord was cut shorter, the baby will be an innie. If it was cut l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are nuclear weapons detonated? | [
"The material in those bombs is stable in small quantities but in bigger quantities it reaches \"critical mass\" and goes kablooey! So what they usually do is have this material separated inside the bomb into 2 stable halves. When they want it to explode, a mechanism smashes the 2 halves together reaching critical ... | [
"They take them apart and mix the plutonium with a ceramic forming a fuel pellet. These pellets are then shipped to the correct type of nuclear reactor and used as nuclear fuel. A lot of Soviet and American warheads dismantled due to treaties ended up as fuel in Canadian nuclear reactors as the two powers didn't t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
is the severity level of food poising affected by the amount of the bad food you eat? | [
"It depends on the food poisoning. If you eat the food, then get infected, a larger meal might give a greater chance of being infected and might make the onset faster (more bacteria at the start of the infection), but overall it shouldn't be much different than if you ate a small meal and got infected. If you eat f... | [
"I'm not sure about addictive substances, but the body will often reject food and water because those are likely sources of contaign. For example, if you are some broccoli and then got sick, you wouldn't want to eat more broccoli because that's what made you sick in the first place. This was more advantageous in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
When a country falls to a rival power, is there a currency transfer? How does it work and how long does it take? | [
"This is actually an exceptionally difficult question to answer. In the event of an armed takeover, the winner can set whatever terms they want, and the loser can suck it. In the event of a peaceful transition of power, what happens to the money (or at least *should*) be set forth in the agreement that led to the t... | [
"That often is done, but coming up with a new currency, printing it, and handling all the logistics of getting that money to banks so people can trade in their old currency for new currency is not cheap and takes quite some time. Also, if you haven't handled the issues that caused the hyperinflation in the first pl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why are bank vault doors round and not rectangular like normal doors? | [
"Traditionally, they work by pushing big rods into holes in the door frame. This is easiest if the rods are all the same length, which is what a circular door gets you. The circle shape also means you can't make use of stress concentrations at the corner, since there isn't one, and you can't really use a jack to fo... | [
"The doors they use have two locks, one with a key and the other a much cheaper frame lock with pins at the top and bottom. You can't open the second kind without opening the first door with the key. But people in retail are lazy. They don't open the second lock even though it is required by the fire code. Also the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why is it that when youre younger you cry when you suddenly get hurt but as you grow older you stop crying when something hurts you | [
"Before puberty or so, the part of the brain that handles emotion is not fully developed. So you overreact to certain stimuli and situations. Once that part of the brain becomes more mature, this response gets moderated. Also, there are social aspects as well. Younger children tend to not care what other people thi... | [
"its where you think you are never good enough at anything you do. that your just pretending to do it and at any moment people will realize you dont know anything about your job"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it take two eyes to have good depth perception? | [
"Your brain cross-references the slight differences in what each eye sees and is able to calculate relative distance to an object. If you've only got one eye there's nothing to compare it to and the perceived distance can be off"
] | [
"They're not staring into empty space. They're using their peripheral vision. Their, and your, peripheral vision is more effective at seeing movement."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What were the noises a modem made and why did it make them? | [
"The sound was the way a modem turned data into something that can travel down the phone line. Typically a modem was configured to play the sound on its built-in speaker until the connection was established, at which point the speaker would turn off and the modem would be silent. This was useful for the user becaus... | [
"The ringtone? You're gonna have to be a little more descriptive. The only thing i can think of would be interference with other devices. My parents computer speakers used to buzz right before the phone rang."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
. How investigators manage to pinpoint the author of a fire ? | [
"In fire investigations, there is what's called a point of origin. There are different things that happen when a fire starts which make it easier to determine where it starts. In this case, it seems they looked for signs like where the fire went and traced it back to a point of origin."
] | [
"Internet cafe, public wifi, making a hard copy of a video and delivering it to the media. Using Tor. Really, if you get caught doing anything on the internet, it's because you're not trying very hard to be secret."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does everyone have a different voice? | [
"All of us have different vocal chords, some are longer/shorter some are thicker and thinner and we all have different lung capacities. Our differences in vocal chord shape and size is what makes the air flowing out of our lungs and through our vocal chords (at various speeds and capacities) sound unique. 😊"
] | [
"Thats the best way to get a view?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do the London sewers seem uniquely susceptible to 'bergs'? | [
"Tends to be areas close to multiple restaurants (we had one in the city I live in as well) ,where they dump their waste oil/fats down the drain instead of paying for disposing of them properly - added to people dumping anything down the drains, nappies, condoms and wet wipes (which easily snag in pipes and cause b... | [
"They are called traps and always full of water to prevent sewer gasses from coming up through the drain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If science has advanced so much, why is it difficult for a country to establish nuclear weapons? | [
"It isn’t. Most countries who do not have nuclear weapons, do so by choice. They choose not to fund nuclear weapon research, and they dont try to share nuclear weapon research with other countries. It’s not hard, it’s just expensive, and usually that expense is not worth it for most nations. The UK has nuclear weap... | [
"Maybe because we know so little about it and even less about how to deal with those with mental illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why when promoting a performance/show/talk do people say “Buy tickets NOW because this WILL sell out!”? Surely this fact renders their marketing unnecessary? | [
"Fear Of Missing Out. People will buy things more readily if they think they can't at a later date. It's the same strategy as \"Limited Edition\" or \"Flash Sale\"."
] | [
"It's called Immediacy - it's a trick designed to get you decide now rather than thinking it over. If you call NOW you get two Ladders but if wait and think about it you'll only get 1. It's total bullcrap but it's just a trick they believe (and it probably does) helps up their sales The try it free for 30 days is a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
When you think of something that makes you feel anxious, you can sometimes feel it briefly in your chest. What causes this feeling? | [
"Association. & #x200B; Like when you smell a certain scent and it makes your mouth water, or makes you feel hungry for whatever food that is. & #x200B; This same phenomenon exists but with feelings / triggers of anxiety. You can reprogram that by the way, with mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral ther... | [
"The feeling can and does occur in other parts of your body. I get the feeling in my upper back normally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why can’t we see air? | [
"The gas molecules in air don't have an electron configuration (chromophore) capable of absorbing light at visible wavelengths, thus they are transparent. Our visual system has evolved to work in the transparent wavelength region for obvious reasons. If somehow we only saw in the far ultraviolet below about 200nm, ... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why Dont Homes depreciate the way cars do? | [
"This old house owner, DIY handyman and retired NELMA Lumber inspector takes issue with a '100 year old house having inferior materials\" Lets take a look and see-- plywood, the god of 2019 homes, lasts maybe 25 years if its dry. My subfloor is 03 inch ash. Circa 2019 roof joists are pre cut from 25 year old wood a... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do people tilt their heads when they think? | [
"We tilt our head when we think often also looking up either right or left. This is our brain literally taking control as it accesses itself. People can learn not to do this because a trained eye knows that a tilt towards your logical side of the brain is recalling from memory while tilting towards the abstract sid... | [
"I use both sides of my mouth when I chew. Why would you only use one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do hard candies make the inside of your cheek rough? | [
"The sugar is concentrated so it causes your cheek cells to dry out, making them less soft and more textured. It's the same thing that happens with any salty or sweet solution that is more concentrated than the liquid in the cells - it loses water to try to balance it out. The opposite happens when you soak in a ba... | [
"The coldness causes your blood vessels going to the brain to constrict, resulting in the brain getting less blood and oxygen. Protip: press your tongue against the soft part of the top of your mouth to make it go away quicker."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where do birds go at night? | [
"Nocturnal birds go out and paint the town. Diurnal birds return to their nests, burrows, tree-holes, or whatever their habitat is."
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do plants go extinct, cant you just plant them again? | [
"For a plant to go extinct it means it no longer exists. Maybe it was eaten to extinction. Maybe the local climate changed and killed off all the species of plants. There are lots of ways that a plant could go extinct. But if it's extinct that means it no longer exists that means you cannot plant it because you c... | [
"Because they've been treated to remove bacteria, which can grow by feeding on the material. Once you open it, you've exposed it to bacteria again. You can't get the cat out of the bag again.. wait is that how that goes?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If you commit a crime that's illegal in your home country but not where you committed it can you be prosecuted when you go back to your home country. How does it work? | [
"That depends on your home country, and what you do. For example, the US doesn't care if you go overseas to smoke some weed, but will throw your ass in jail for a couple decades if you go overseas to fuck kids."
] | [
"Its a legal immunity that protects the diplomats from the laws of the country they are sent to. They cannot be prosecuted under the laws of the host country if they are accused of violating them. They can only be expelled from that country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
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