query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
why do companies that make games like the burnout, skate, red faction, and saints row series stop making these games, even though they have a decent following, and are loved by many? | [
"The reasons vary. But know that some of the games you've listed there were owned by the same publisher...THQ. And they went bankrupt in 2012. For varied reasons. Among them, big investment into some Wii hardware that nobody wanted, some games that didn't recoup their development costs, and stiff competition from g... | [
"its the same reason that AAA game companies insist on spending millions on graphics when people can and are happy with 2D if the gameplay is good, indie game companies and indie animation studios *are* making 2D products with many happy customers, but the big game companies, just like the big animation studios in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do people develop ticks or quirks? | [
"I can speak to *tics* . I have mild Tourette’s Syndrome. As far as I know, I’ve always had the urge to tic (twitching, tapping, making a sound, etc.). Over time, these tics have “wandered”. One month I might have really strong eye twitches and one month I might have the urge to tap my pinkie finger on my desk. Som... | [
"How do you define your hints of schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Do a certain number of germs need to enter my body in order for me to get sick? | [
"Yes, typically a single bacterium will not be able to cause any infection. The number that is needed is highly variable depending on the type of bacteria and probably on the strength of your immune system though. Of course, it's not like there's an exact \"cutoff\" at which point a certain number of bacteria are g... | [
"You catch a cold by getting a virus. Cold can suppress your immune system and make you more susceptible to getting sick, but cold by itself cannot directly make you sick. You have to be exposed to the cold virus to get a cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Used oil? Why is it considered bad for environment? | [
"> It comes from the ground anyway, why can't it be just dumped out on the ground? Because it would seep into groundwater or other environmentally sensitive areas. In its natural state it is contained within its own environment."
] | [
"Any type of grease or fat going down the drain can cause fatbergs to form and clog the sewer. That is why it is illegal for them to do that. They have to dispose of their used oil in a very controlled manner."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do glowsticks work? | [
"A = substance that does nothing on its own B = different substance that does nothing on its own When A mixes with B, they undergo a chemical reaction that produces energy/light. Put A and B into a plastic cylinder but have the two substances separated by a breakable barrier. When said barrier is broken, A can mix ... | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
In a church setting, do older people still call young priests "father," and do younger priests call older people "my son" etc.? | [
"I think it's a Catholic thing. In Baptist and other churches, we might say Pastor Smith or Reverend Jones. An elder of the church might be referred to as Brother Don or Sister Susan. We don't have lady preachers yet."
] | [
"People generally call people the names they are introduced to them as. Your parents call themselves \"Mom\" and \"Dad\" in front of you, so you call them Mom and Dad. They refer to your siblings by name, so it doesn't seem unnatural to also call your siblings by name. Also, you're more likely to have multiple sibl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do optometrists decide which lenses are going to work for a baby's eyes? | [
"The machine (called an autorefractor) looks at the retina in the back of the child's eye. When the image on the retina is sharp, the prescription is right."
] | [
"I get my eyes checked every year and because of my health insurance, I only pay a small copay for new glasses/contacts. You should be wearing the best corrective lenses for your eyes so if you have not gone to see your ophthalmologist in over a year, you should. Its not really OK to wear existing ones if your eyes... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
- when you eat food that makes you sick, how/why is able to travel so fast through your intestines? | [
"Your body sees that you've eaten something you shouldn't have and gives it a one-way express ticket to get out of there as fast as possible. Instead of passing things along slowly and letting them digest, it dumps everything out as quickly as possible at the expense of all the good stuff it might have absorbed. Yo... | [
"The medication absorbs/passes through the mucous membrane under there. There are a lot of blood vessels under your tongue, so it's able to get into your blood stream faster than if you swallow it and it has to go through your digestive track."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why don’t all cars have harness seatbelts like racecars do? | [
"It's a safety versus convenience trade-off. Well a racing harness (five point harness) is safer they take a lot longer to put on.some people don't wear their seatbelt now when there's only one latch to click together. imagine what people would do if they had to click five things together before they could drive"
] | [
"Because they're not allowed to use chewing tobacco in the dugouts anymore"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a neutrally charged particle have an antiparticle? | [
"So proton and neutrons are composed of even smaller particles called quarks that have a charge. A proton is composed of two \"Up\" quarks and one \"down\" quark. An up quark has a charge of 2/3 and a down quark a charge of -1/3. 2/3+2/3-1/3 =1 so a proton has a charge of 1 & #x200B; A neutron is composed of two d... | [
"Pair production, where an energized photon turns into a matter anti-matter pair. Usually electrons and positrons."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the differences between North American and Eurasian Moose(Meese,Mooses?) | [
"Absolutely nothing, they're the exact same animal. If you want to get super-pedantic, there are considered to be subspecies, including Eurasian, mid-Siberian, Alaska, and several others (including the extinct Caucasian sup-species), who show minor differences from each other."
] | [
"Dogs and wolves are the same species, dog is a subspecies of canine. Canis Lupis Lupis (wolf) and Canis Lupis Familiaris (dog)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If time is relative, how do we measure it? | [
"You are starting too high up. You need to define what you are talking about first. And that is a problem. Stephen Hawking, one of the greatest physicists ever, wrote a book about time. He tried in the last chapter of it to define what time actually IS. And totally, utterly failed. We all think we know wh... | [
"A really basic way to look at it is that space and time are linked in a weird way. The faster you move through space relative to someone, the slower you move through time relative to that same person. At the extreme end, photons traveling at the speed of light do not \"feel\" the passage of time. Now, none of the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The sky is blue because the blue wavelengths get scattered - but isn't that just how colours work? | [
"So air is most definitely colourless, not blue. Gaseous Oxygen has a very pale blue tinge to it, but only makes up ~20% of the atmosphere. The remaining content is mostly Nitrogen, which is colourless and dilutes the already faint blue of Oxygen to essentially no colour at all. Oxygen being blue does not explain t... | [
"It's due to how light is absorbed by the water. Blue is reflected the most so it appears blue. It's the same reason why leaves are green. The leaf reflects mostly green light, so it turns out green. The physics behind why different colors reflect differently is rather complex, however. To be short, a smaller amoun... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is an increased heart rate from exercise considered healthy but from stimulant based drugs its unhealthy? | [
"When you exercise your body knows how to go back to idle heart rate (stop and breath). The cause for the high rate is your muscles requesting more blood. When drugs are the trigger the body cannot go back to idle because it is intoxicated and is forced to maintain the high rate, which is not good"
] | [
"Arrhythmia, PVCs and heart flutters is not harmful if it ends in a minute or less, it's extremely common in anxious people with anxiety disorders, panic attacks, etc. It happens after a meal or during cardio as well. Most common cause is adrenaline excess and happens less if stimulant(caffeine, nicotine) and sugar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why when you're outside and then go inside, you can't see properly for a while | [
"There’s a chemical inside your eye (who’s name escapes me at the moment). It helps you see. It is “bleached” in light, and it takes a while to produce more. So when you go from a sunny outside to a shaded inside, you don’t have enough of this chemical unbleached in your eyes to see properly. Interesting note; this... | [
"I've heard if you close one eye and keep one open, blindness is what you see from the closed one. Try it, you don't see black, you really see nothing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Is the immergence of right or left brain dominance in a person truly random? Why is there such a disparity in the ratio between lefties and righties? | [
"A lot of brain dominance stuff is overstated, and generally the stuff that we can say for sure about brain dominance is limited only to the speech processing centres (Broca's and Wernicke's area if you want to google it). These are found on the left side (left dominance) for most people, which would mean that it i... | [
"We don't know, is the only real answer. In fact, scientists don't even have a scientific definition of what it means to be left-handed. (Is it the hand which can perform a task better? Or the hand you prefer to use for a task?) There are several theories, and it's probably a combination of all of them. They includ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What would actually happen if you were to go through airport security with drugs drugs hidden up your vagina/anus? | [
"If you act nervous they'll probably pull you out of line. If they do a strip test and it's positive for drugs they'll search your bags and pockets, and potentially do a full cavity body search. If they don't the same thing can happen again at customs immigration at your destination. Wherever they do the FCBS you'l... | [
"Do you have a vagina? Why would anyone want to swab their vagina instead of pee? Peeing is less invasive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does moisturizer work and why does sticking my hands in water not work instead? | [
"Moisturizers supply a little bit of water to the skin and contain an oily substance that holds it in. Years ago, most people used Vaseline (petroleum jelly)—often applied after bathing. Now we use fancier products that feel less greasy. Many also contain humectants (hyoo-MEK-tants), which absorb and retain water.... | [
"They are made with a blend of different moisturizers and aloe. Then, when the tissue comes in contact with your skin, the formula activates and releases to cool down your nose. Now, it doesn't actually cool anything, and the tissues aren't actually cool. It just feels cool. It tricks your skin. Yes, bed sheets cou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do e.g. yellow and red make orange | [
"Yellow pigment absorbs mostly blue light, reflecting red and green light. This appears yellow to us, since yellow light itself is between red and green and thus stimulates both color receptors in our eyes a little bit (we can only truly detect red, green, or blue light). Red pigment absorbs mostly blue and green l... | [
"Metal marble in the can to help stir the paint"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why catchy music get stuck in our heads | [
"It's designed that way. Most popular song these days use psychological studies to determinate the exact tune and length that will make your brain go crazy for it"
] | [
"I don't that but i know how to get it out. You either just have to listen to the part that comes after the part that repeats in your head or make up your own ending to the repeated part."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why are people now so much taller than they were hundreds of years ago? | [
"Generally speaking, it's access to better nutrition and healthcare. The human body needs to have a good supply of nutrients at certain key points in life (ex. puberty) to grow properly. Children in poverty-stricken areas without the same access exhibit stunted growth. As we can assume, people hundreds of years a... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why does skin turn green because of certain jewelry? What is the scientific reason behind it? | [
"Copper oxide is green. Copper oxidises in the presence of air, and the reaction is accelerated in contact with the moisture on your skin. There are numerous alloys of copper used in jewellery, as well as pure copper."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are we able to analyse DNA that is thousands of years old? How do we even find it? | [
"All living things are made of cells. Inside each cell is DNA. If the cell is preserved, regardless of age, then we can extract the DNA to analyze. Longer it's been dead the more likely it's decayed and broken down. Finding tissue that's thousands of years old means conditions were perfect to preserve it."
] | [
"Because DNA simply doesn't last that long. DNA degrades over time after an organism dies. Even under the best circumstances, DNA completely degrades in about 6.8 million years. Dinosaurs have been dead for nearly 10 times longer than that. There's simply no dinosaur DNA left to use."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Ever Played DuckHunt? How did that gun even work? | [
"The gun is a light sensor. When you pulled the trigger, your tv screen went black except for a white spot where the duck was. You could fake it out by pointing the gun at a light source instead of the tv."
] | [
"The BEST way to Fight back is with your Video Camera ANY other way could possibly get you KILLED!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does a seed in the ground orient itself? | [
"Gravity. The roots orient themselves toward the pull of gravity and the sprout thing goes the opposite way."
] | [
"How does a river know if its dammed before flowing? Its a very similar thing to electricity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is “tuning a car”? | [
"There are a lot of parameters in cars that are possible to adjust. Many of those, in regular family cars, are set to medium values for longevity’s sake for the car. Tuned cars have some of those values set to more aggressive values, or physically changed to affect the performance. Tuning a car might involve chang... | [
"I could not find that idiom anywhere so I gotta ask: what do you mean with run hot or cold? Something biological?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How Ana Humphrey's mathematical model of determining the possible locations of exoplanets work? | [
"Everything with mass has gravity. The closer two things are, the stronger they pull on each other. That means that if two planets are in orbits that are too close, they will pull on each other too much. If they pull on each other too much, their orbits will become unstable. Ana took the data from the Kepler space ... | [
"The actual reason for this phenomenon is roughly understood. One of the leading theories for this behavior is that it imitates their spaceships. The ones they used over 2000 years ago to make contact with the ancient Egyptians and enslaved them to create beautiful statues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do mountains like the Yellow Mountains in China form? | [
"They were formed in a similar manner as other mountain ranges. Their unique shape, however, is the result of glaciation. long ago, huge sheets of ice carved the mountain range into the unique shapes that are seen today."
] | [
"The Pacific includes multiple tectonic plates, and where they collide, volcanoes appear and form gigantic mountains. The tops of these mountains are the islands we know."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do video game engines work and how do they last so long? | [
"When they say the same engine has been used for that length of time, they don't mean it has literally stayed the same all those years. It will have been continuously updated throughout that time. I work on a game engine that has been in use by company for over 15 years, but there are only a few core bits of code t... | [
"I would recommend Unreal Engine for creating a video game. It's free at first, but if you're making over $5000 (?) a quarter you have to pay them 5%. It can look great and there is some great asset packs you can get started with. There is tutorials on YouTube for beginners too, so hopefully it will suit your needs... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Video game design:"
} |
What is “baby fat”, and how do we lose it as we get older? | [
"Fat reserved for children to keep warm. When you or I are cold, we begin to shiver. Babies don’t have that muscle control/developed yet so they have brown fat (different from fat that clogs your arteries) as a means to keep their body warm. As you go through childhood and hit puberty, most of this brown fat has wo... | [
"Losing weight is easy by not eating. But you will feel weak from lack of nutrition and you may still not have a good body composition. Working out and eating well you will feel energised and strong and will end up with a healthy body composition. Body composition is how much fat and muscle you have in your body. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What actually happens when you "build a tolerance" to something such as alcohol/cannabis? | [
"Well, the way alcohol and cannabis work is that they bind to the enzyme receptors in your neurons, and thus you get high. When you consume too much of these intoxicants frequently, binding sites for these specific chemicals are reduced by our body in order to maintain equilibrium. So this means that there are les... | [
"Caffeine actually is a drug, as are alcohol and nicotine. They are just culturally accepted. In terms of 'substances' they are generally chemicals with psychoactive effects - they have an effect on the brain. This includes a huge range of things from caffeine to paracetamol to anti-depressants to methamphetamine o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about health:",
"pos": "Represent the text about health:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why are asphalt roads so much smoother and quieter? | [
"Asphalt is flexible (picture the consistency of old gum mixed with gravel), and that flexibility transfers the weight of vehicles and the vibrations to the gravel below. This transfer of energy causes vibrations/noise to be absorbed, making it quieter. In contrast concrete has almost no flexibility, so the sound w... | [
"concrete is more durable, but it is also more expensive. asphalt costs less, but is less durable"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What do all the different toothpastes mean (eg. tartar fighting, whitening, etc.)? Do they actually make a difference? | [
"From what i can glean- 90% of it is just 'advertising'\\[i.e.=lying\\]. A look and a translation of the ingredients will give you nightmares- I have done the experiment. I either make my own, or buy the 'hippie approved' sort, with no 'junk' in it. If you have dentures, its another matter; the toothpaste must NOT ... | [
"It's basically because of marketing. The manufacturer has to prove that any advertised claims of what the toothpaste can/will do is 100% accurate before the ADA will give the seal of approval. With all the different claims of what the product will do(E.G. reducing cavities, minty fresh mouth, straightening teeth) ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If mother and fetus do not share blood, how do these blood tests to determine a fetuses sex work if it only collects the mother’s blood? | [
"Blood itself isn't what is used to determine gender. The fetuses DNA is in the mothers blood. So you isolate the fetus DNA, and get the gender from there."
] | [
"You never actually shared the same blood. You are the results of 2 different DNAs joining together - your father's and your mother's. When you were forming in uterus, you were kept separated from your mother by the placenta, which is the system that will keep you floating and give you nourishment. You developed y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How come whenever we get something in our eye, we always get the instinct to shut our eyes instead of getting said thing out? | [
"In addition to what others have said, it's an instinct that prevents more of the contaminant (sand particles, for instance) from getting into your eyes."
] | [
"It's because you close your eyes when you rub them, letting no light in. And if you are not closing your eyes when you rub them, you are going blind because you are sticking your knuckle in your eye."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does wind make the temperature feel colder? | [
"The human body generates a cocoon of heated air around us. As long as the wind is less than our core temperature, it strips that heated cocoon from around us, making it feel colder till we reheat the still air around us."
] | [
"Because that's the definition of winter. If you're asking why the winter solstice isn't the coldest part of the year (i.e. why is winter colder than fall), it's because it takes time for the sun to warm things up, and it takes time for things to cool off. So just like why the hottest part of the day is a few hours... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Intuitively, that why P(1-notA) is preferable/correct way to determine probability rather finding P(A) ? | [
"It's true only in certain examples. And it's not more 'correct' than the direct way, just preferable because it's easier, or the direct way is not feasible. One example: you roll a die 20 times. What's the probability that 6 appeared at least once? Direct way would be calculating the probability that 6 appeared on... | [
"because 1 / 0 = 0 means that 0 x 0 = 1, and that is not true"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do mirrors facing eachother get greener? | [
"Mirrors reflect more green light than others, which is due to how the glass filters light that reaches the true reflective surface (the thin layer of silver or other metal on the back). When mirrors reflect to one another, their abilitt to reflect light in a straight line gets lower and lowrr the more it reflects... | [
"You can see through glass, but if you take that glass and chop it up in a pile you cant see though it anymore. Snow and ice work the same way. See wiki article for refraction"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Science:"
} |
Why is there blood outside the veins? | [
"Imagine your body's circulatory system as a road network, with a big city (your heart) at the center. Now imagine the big highways that run out and connect to that city. These are your arteries and veins, all relatively large. Now, branching off of these you would expect a lot of small roads that connect each and ... | [
"There's a nerve closer to the surface of the skin at that spot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and anatomy:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health and anatomy:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How are a pregnant women's craving different than my late night cravings as a teen? | [
"I can only speak to my own experiences as a former teen and former pregnant lady. My cravings were really pretty similar in both circumstances. They were mostly an emotional/hormonal desire for comfort. The thing that was different during pregnancy were my food aversions. Eating almost any protein (like chicken br... | [
"Your brain needs enough food to work right. If you don't eat enough, your brain goes weird, which can make people moody. For the 12y/o version: brain function is tied vey closely to blood sugar levels. Believe it or not, there's truth to those snickers commercials."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why aren't plastic water bottles being replaced by canned water? | [
"It exists, but affects the taste some. We're also used to plastic bottles and people tend to see them as a better product, so theres more demand for plastic than aluminum. Glass is also a good option that overcomes these issues but is more difficult to transport."
] | [
"Convenience. People are lazy as fuck. Some bottled waters are just tap water, some do come from natural springs and aquifers, but it's all about not having to fill and wash a reusable bottle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do CPUs and GPUs perform better when cool | [
"Many motherboards will decrease CPU and GPU performance when it gets too hot. This is to prevent damaging the chip. Also, heat will wear the microcomponents inside the chip. However, heat really won't affect the performance of the chip, not regarding the motherboard's automatic underclocking and decrease of using ... | [
"FLOPS and number of transistors is just metrics for some workloads but not others. You might also get different results if you run different benchmarks or different games. Computation power is not the only thing you need for gaming. You might have issues with memory or memory throughput so your computing process g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is biosemiotics? | [
"There are processes of \"knowing\", \"meaning-making\" and \"understanding signs\" etc. that happen in animals, or at the cellular level as well, right? Biosemiotics is a field that studies all this, using theory from biology and semiotics both. Intracellular communication, stuff going on with hormones and respons... | [
"Meta-Philosophy is philosophy about philosophy Meta-Films are films about films Meta-Cognition is cognition (thinking) about cognition (thinking) Meta-Threads are threads about threads"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does the road look wet/shiny on hot days with intense sunshine? | [
"The heat from the road causes air to rise. This along with refraction of light causes what is called a mirage. Oftern also seen in deserts and mistaken for water."
] | [
"Cold glass meets humid air. The water vapor in the air condenses on the glass. Like a cold drink on a hot day. As you drive along, the air hits your car at the speed you're driving into it, not letting the vapor have enough time to condense into water again. Your windscreen also heats up as the inside of the car h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are fevers a bad thing, if the body gets hot to fight sickness etc ? | [
"Its if the fever gets too high. So the body raises its internal temperature to break the intruder's metabolism and chemical processes because odds are they work best at 37.5°C (norm. Human body temp). When the body raises its metabolism its temperature goes up, 38-39°C which is enough to totally mess up the way t... | [
"The symptoms are not the specific effects of the virus, the symptoms are the feelings caused by your body’s physical defenses. There may be a thousand different viruses out there that could be attacking you at any given time, but your immune system only really knows a dozen defense tactics. When a new virus comes ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Medical:"
} |
How come tadpoles can breathe underwater but frogs can’t? | [
"Tadpoles have gills, so they breathe underwater like a fish. As they mature into frogs, they develop lungs."
] | [
"They have a little sac that allows them to breath that way once they begin to hatch it’s important they get out on time or they can suffocate"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does a dishwasher manage to dry everything except for the plastic bowls and plates? | [
"Not an expert, but my wild guess would be that metal and ceramics absorb heat, plastics don't."
] | [
"Basically there are food particles all over the fridge, and they accumulate on everything. If you leave something uncovered, it they will accumulate directly on your food/drink. You can avoid this and have a \"fresh\" fridge by keeping an open box of baking soda inside."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does a seasonal indoor plant know what season it is outside if the indoor temperature is kept the same through the year? | [
"Plants mostly detect the season through the changing length of the days. As different amounts of sunlight enter the house, the plant can accomplish different amounts of photosynthesis."
] | [
"Because the seasons are based mostly on the temperatures. The coldest day of the year isn't actually the shortest day of the year, because it takes time for the sun to start heating things up again. Likewise, the longest day of the year isn't the hottest because the earth retains that heat for a while and the days... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do IQ tests work, and are they an accurate way to measure true intelligence? | [
"IQ tests function by testing for problem solving skills which is why they only employ relatively simple word association, spacial reasoning and memory problems (and similar types of problem, not going to name them all) They are only accurate when compared to scores from the same test, since the test differs greatl... | [
"Different people have different IQs is the same reason some of us are tall and some not. Here are some factors: Genes. You get it or you don't. Health while growing. Unhealthy living can impact growth in every factor, including brain development. Associated childhood trauma. This can include overwhelming emotion... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do noise canceling headphones work? | [
"The sound is a wave, including wave length, amplitude and frequency. Basically, if you 2 sounds with the same frequency and wave lenght but the opposite amplitude you wont have anything left (work with light on certain conditions). So the headset sounds the opposite of the \"outside\" cancelling the sound. edit: t... | [
"The use active noise reduction. There are two microphones, one pointed towards the mouth and one pointed away. One picks up speech + noise and the other just picks up noise. Subtract the 2nd signal from the first and you are just left with the speech. Similar technology is used in telephones, noise cancelling hea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do inflamed areas of the mouth taste more salty? | [
"There can be lots of different reasons: dehydration, nasal drip, dry mouth, blood in mouth etc. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"The taste of sour is basically formed by your taste buds reacting to a low PH. But because Low PH means what's in your mouth is a form of acid, it can also eat away at the soft, delicate bits of your tongue, making your mouth feel raw or sore. It also depends on your personal sensitivity level and how long the sou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Are all north poles on planets in the same general area? Or can there be a south pole at the same level as another planets north pole? What is the most common area for a north and south to be? Also east and west? | [
"Earth has 2 Norths, disregarding usage of a map itself. Magnetic North is not the same as Earth's axis, or \"True North.\" I believe the answer can further be extrapolated on with this information. EDIT: these are also known as Geographic and Geomagnetic Norths, respectively. _URL_0_"
] | [
"By drawing an imaginary line through the planet along the axis that the planet spins, and assigning the top end as north and the bottom end as south, relative to the north and south of the Earth. Yes, this is an arbitrary assignment -- for all we know we're upside down to the rest of the aliens in the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
What is the difference between (mathematical) interpolation and (mathematical) extrapolation? | [
"The difference is in the first bit, extra vs inter. With interpolation you come up with some intermediate values between data points, whereas with extrapolation you come up with some points outside of your current range. E.g. if we have the following series [2 8 32 128] we could interpolate it by taking the averag... | [
"The math sequence I took was (starting in Grade 6 through Grade 12) 1. Pre-Algebra (equation handling) 2. Algebra I (quadratic functions, formulas, binomials) 3. Geometry (this was mostly proof-based) 4. Algebra II (set theory, functions, etc) 5. Pre-Calculus (more on functions, conic sections) 6. Trigonometry (..... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How exactly do eyeglasses work and let you see better? | [
"They bend light so it hits your eyes at an angle that corrects for imperfections in your eye"
] | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does food get crispy instead of slick and slimy when you deep fry it? | [
"Most foods contain significant amounts of water within them. The oil is heated to above the boiling point of water which means the water in the food boils, forcing itself out of the food as bubbling steam and preventing the oil from penetrating into the food. This is why the food is crispy and not soaked with oil.... | [
"Fried is just cooked in a pan, like you see people do with sausages or bacon. Deep-frying is when you have a pot or other vessel of heated oil, like you see in some food kitchens that do fried chicken or other fried foods (like McDonald's fries). The main differences is more even and consistent cooking with deep-f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we map a place we visit a lot in our mind? | [
"This is actually quite a recent discovery there are specialised nerves in the part of our brain for memory that remember space. Due to visiting a place alot the connections for these neurons get stronger and thus you remember what the 3D space looks like. Our memory centre responsible for this (the hippocampus) wi... | [
"This would be easier to answer if we had any clue what happens inside our brain when we understand something."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why is it that we never forget how to ride a bike? What's the science behind it? | [
"It's not that you don't forget how to ride, it's that you aren't scared of it anymore, riding itself is so intuitive that you don't really need to \"learn\" how, you just need to not be too afraid to do it. I forgot how to ride after like 6 years without doing so, but it only took like 5ish mins to \"relearn\" it.... | [
"how do you remember a song? Or a picture? How do you remember your dog's name? Memory itself is poorly understood, but there's nothing about any one sense that makes it impossible to remember."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What causes that "BURUURUUR" effect when one of the windows in the car isnt open enough? | [
"I think it's called helmholz resonance, like when you blow across the top of an open bottle. The interior of the car functions as the bottle, and the open window functions as the mouth of the bottle, and the sound will always be at the same pitch."
] | [
"I want to know that too. Maybe i can add a question to that ELI5 topic: Why do i see lightning like things when closing my eyes and pushing/rolling them with my finger?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is the media allowed to purposely mislead people? Not by purposely lying, but, for example: Polling 1,000 - 2,000 people, writing an article and publishing it based on those results, saying things like "majority", etc? | [
"Your example is not misleading at all. A poll of 1000-2000 people, randomly selected from around the country, is actually a pretty accurate way to estimate overall public opinion."
] | [
"A good poll accounts for this--there is data available on the kinds of people that are likely to respond to polls, and the pollster should weight the results to be more representative of the population polled. For example, many polls undersample young people, so giving more weight to the young people who did respo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What’s the difference between serotonin and dopamine? | [
"Dopamine is the short term reward chemical while serotonin is the long term secure happiness chemical. Dopamine is the gambling win happiness while serotonin is the stable relationship happiness."
] | [
"Serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, so any serotonin that is used inside the brain must be produced inside the brain. Also, not all depression is just serotonin imbalances."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why do bed sores form so quickly and why can they be so difficult to treat? | [
"Bed sores form on places where is bone close to the skin and the matress is pushing against the bone cutting off blood flow in the skin between. They form when the person is malnutrished and has impaired mobility. Healthy person can't get bed sores. And the reason why they form is also the reason why they are so d... | [
"If you have a tooth ache caused by an infection, how would you know if you didn't feel it? that infection would go untreated and become more dangerous."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do Marvel movies (and other heavily CGI- and animation-based films) cost so much to produce? Where do the hundreds of millions of dollars go to, exactly? | [
"CG is very expensive. CG artists are specialists and in high demand. Making a big budget CG blockbuster like an Avengers film employs hundreds of them for years. The personnel costs alone are crazy. Actually rendering all that CG also eats up a huge amount of time on very valuable, very powerful computers."
] | [
"It depends on what they agree to be paid. Generally speaking, actors are paid a certain amount from the movie's budget to be in the movie. Actors can also get royalties from ticket sales, merchandise, DVD releases, and so on. If their face is being plastered all over the posters and products related to the movie, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What exactly is a coma and how does our body decide when or if to wake up from one? | [
"Definition of coma is a “state of unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused”. Compare this to sleep where you are unconscious, but a loud enough noise will wake you. The coma resolves when the cause resolves. During an anaesthetic or while ventilated in ICU it is when the sedative drugs are stopped and wear... | [
"They do. People who are injured or sick can, should, and do get more sleep. It's very important and it does speed up the healing process a lot. A coma is not sleep. A coma is caused by damage to the brain which prevents consciousness. Depending on the type of damage, a person in a coma may actually have periods wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why is it harder to learn things as an adult? | [
"it's not harder. it's just that by the time you're an adult, you're full of bad habits, and you don't want to change those bad habits. if you never learned to learn as a kid and you never learned that success is tied to effort and not \"natural skill\" then you'll be quick to give up. this is a growth mindset vs a... | [
"A lot of things in life are easier to do as a team."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Marriage:"
} |
How two different DNAs don't mix during blood transfusion causing a person to change biologically due to different genes? | [
"A couple of reasons. First among them is that red blood cells don't contain DNA. Shocker, right? So when the blood is separated out for transfusion it is unlikely someone would be getting much DNA in the first place. Another huge reason is that cells are self-contained packages. They tend to keep their DNA inside ... | [
"They would undergo an immune reaction against both the B component (antigen) and the + component (Rh factor). Large numbers of antibodies would be released that would bind to the blood cells, preventing them from working and creating linked clumps of cells in your bloodstream. Immune cells would then \"see\" the a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how exactly does the kelvin blackbody color scale work | [
"Blue *is* a higher temperature, but we tend to think of blue as cold because it reminds us of ice. Ocean or lake ice can be quite blue and in the past was far more often encountered than blue flame, and solid objects heated to blue-hot status tend to be blindingly white when encountered at all. It turns out that o... | [
"Time and space is uniform along very large distance that is why frieqency stays unchanged. However give it long enough time and frieqency will shift .this happened to lead microwave background radiation shifted from photons at big bang"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Technology:"
} |
How are film reels copied onto other reels (as with movies)? | [
"There are two methods: first is to expose the new material picture by picture using a \"dry copy\" machine. This gives you a very high quality copy and is used for making copies from the original and also at archive material. The second method is called a wet copy. You take a master copy and line it up with unexpo... | [
"Movies record sound in an optical way because they the movies themselves are recorded on optical media (film). As you see in [this picture](_URL_0_) the sound is literally recorded optically on the film. By the time the technology was cheap enough for ordinary consumers, consumers had switched to magnetic media (v... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why sometimes we understand the sentence that someone said right after we say "huh?" because we didn't understand the sentence? | [
"Because you probably weren't paying attention to what was said but subconciously your brain kept the information and you usually ask huh very fast, not giving your brain time to figure it out. So when you ask or immediately after you manage to process the information. Another thing that is somehow related to this ... | [
"I do this thing where i say \"what\" as if i can't hear what someone had said but then a few seconds after i realise what they've said and laugh. One day someone asked me why i always did that and i explained truthfully. The person then responded saying \"ohhhh you're just slow\" i guess you can be physically slo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
what makes lithium batteries susceptible to catching on fire? | [
"Lithium metal is very reactive with water because it’s an alkaline metal. All the group 1 elements on the periodic table react strongly with water and some even explode on contact with water. Add in the fact that the battery heats up in a sealed package and lithium batteries will easily catch fire if exposed."
] | [
"Lithium batteries perform poorly at low temperatures. The discharge rate drops with temperature and eventually there is not enough to power the phone. Do not try to charge your phone in cold temperatures. Charging a lithium battery under -20 celcius might cause the casing to crack, then short-circuit & explode."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between a paradigm and a concept? | [
"Correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm under the impression that a concept is a singular notion, but a paradigm is something that happens when that notion gains momentum in the collective psyche, causing a shift in understanding."
] | [
"It would be tantamount to what Thomas Kuhn termed a ‘paradigm shift.’ Basically, it would revolutionize the most basic conclusions scientists have had about the origins of life for hundreds of years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do software programs usually ask to restart your computer after installation, and does it really make a difference? | [
"These programs create entries in your Windows Registry. Its a database to store eg. settings and other useful information to the right place. Restart is needed so the Programm can accsess all the information in the right order at once! Most of the time its not a big deal except if the program uses some hardware o... | [
"If your computer is slow during boot, that usually is because you have several start up items AKA programs that immediately open when you log in. Those programs can interfere or lengthen your boot time. If you, for example, have skype set to immediately open and log in that can make your computer start up time lon... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do baby birds breathe inside their eggs? | [
"Directly under the egg's shell are two membranes. When the eggs are laid by the mother they’re very warm, and as they cool the material inside the egg shrinks a little bit. The two membranes pull apart a little and create a small pocket or sack of air. As the developing bird grows, it breathes in oxygen from the a... | [
"Evolutionary biologists have determined that egg laying animals evolved before womb bearing animals. It started a long long time ago in the ocean where fishies would lay eggs in the water. These eggs had soft shells and the fish would hide them away in super secret spots so they couldn't be found. Fast forward mil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
what's the difference (mechanically) between a refrigerator, an air conditioner and a heat pump? | [
"In principle nothing, both a refrigerator an air conditioner is a heat pump. The difference is that one cool the inside of a smaller box you have in a house ie a refrigerator and the other cool down a house. There is a difference that air conditioner almost always have a fan to move the air and keep it cool but a ... | [
"An engine is basically an air pump that converts fuel into useful work (power over time). That work can be transfered to a vehicle (car engine) or used to generate electricity (back up generator), or power some system of machines to get a useful output (think of a factory). The limits are basically only one's imag... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does radiation damage a person? | [
"Subatomic particles from decaying atoms fly through your cells and hit your DNA. Imagine a dose of radiation as getting hit with a shotgun blast consisting of extremely tiny shot."
] | [
"Because it can result in permanent damage to the soft tissues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some forms of pain, like stretching a sore back or picking a scab, feel so incredibly satisfying ("hurts so good")? | [
"I don't think there's a simple, single explanation to all of the situations you're asking about, but in regards to stretching a sore muscle, your movement pushes your body to the pain threshold, which draws your attention to it, and then you release. The pain dissipates so quickly, the relief hits you like the mos... | [
"Depends on the wound. Let's say you close your finger in a car door, like I've done. Blood vessels break inside the finger, filling the skin like a water balloon. Boom, your finger just became a too-full water balloon, and it's hard to bend. In some cases, like on a crick in your neck, the muscles spasm and seize,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can Netflix afford to let me to stream at least one full movie per day for a month for $15, whereas sometimes I have to pay that much to stream a single movie from iTunes? | [
"On Apple you are paying to keep it - You own the digital rights on Apple - to stream anytime (or download to keep). You do not get that on Netflix as you must at least keep paying their subscription each month. Also there is no guarantee that Netflix will not take down content you may want to keep watching in the ... | [
"If you're talking about those movie rentals you see on YouTube, they're more like a Video-on-Demand (VOD) service, which I think is a more suitable name. It's like going to the movies without actually going to the movies. You pay a small price for the movie ticket, but you get to watch and pause it like Netflix."
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why does paper get wrinkled if you get it wet and it dries? | [
"The wet fibers swell. As they dry they contract. Paper that's just left out rarely dries perfectly evenly. As a result different parts of the paper are contracting at different rates. This results in the wrinkles and curling you see. Like bacon curling up in the pan as different parts shrink at different rates."
] | [
"Absorbing moisture from the air. They're just getting soggy very slowly. And the more humid it is, the faster they'll go stale."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do scientists measure the height of a mountain | [
"To calculate the elevation of a mountain, scientists would measure the distance between two points on the ground and then measure the angles between the top of the mountain and each point. Trigonometry, it’s actually one of my favorite maths."
] | [
"It's not air pollution. It has to do with the way light refracts on particles in our atmosphere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come, despite being in a sealed container, my water bottle changes flavour from the evening to the morning? | [
"There are microorganisms all around us. You transfer some into the bottle every time you take a drink, they're in the air, etc"
] | [
"If you mean after drinking from it for a bit, it's the stuff that leaves your mouth and goes into the bottle when you drink from it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do movie makers such as Marvel Studios keep their upcoming movies a secret from us? | [
"Marvel has an army of lawyers and probably a stack of NDA's that takes employees three days to sign it all. Anything and everything handed out should have an employee's name plastered all over it. Punishment is heavy fines and/or possibly jailtime."
] | [
"It is a huge strategic card game, where you have to take into account the seasonal behavior of moviegoers, the type of movie, the award cycle, they competitors, and how good they think their movie is. For example, action blockbusters tend to make the most money, and people are more likely to watch movies in the su... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is a gold karat a measure of purity but a diamond carat is a measure of weight? | [
"They are two different words that are homonyms. Other examples are rest and wrest, way and weigh, dye and die, knows and nose, etc. A Karat is a measure of purity in increments of 1/24th. Therefore 24 Karat gold is 100% gold, but 10 Karat gold is alloyed with almost 60% of another metal. A Carat is a measure of we... | [
"Gold jewelry is (almost) always an alloy of gold and some other metals. Gold is too soft to use in its pure form for jewelry (it will scratch or deform too easily). White gold merely uses other metals in its alloy which give it a white color instead of yellow (often nickel but other metals may be used). White gold... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are lighthouses and bridge pylons built or placed in water while the waves are constantly crashing and moving? | [
"Some structures are built on shore (or in a dry dock) and barged to the location before being placed. Some of these concrete objects float if full of air and sink when full of sand/water/concrete. The other choice is to use a [caisson](_URL_0_ ) to form a pocket of dry air against the bottom of the lake/sea for wo... | [
"For the Hoover Dam, they first changed the course of the river so they didn't have to build in water. Then they put the river back to its old course to fill up the reservoir. Offshore drilling platforms are built in several ways, but some of those ways involve building most components above or out of water, towing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Weird popping sounds in pine forest | [
"There are a few things which can cause popping sounds in the woods. At this time of year, many insects are waking from hibernation (or hatching) and the sound as they emerge can sound like a soft pop. Here in North America we have pine beetles which reliably make this sound every spring; I'm not sure whether they ... | [
"Natural response to blades of death closely circling above"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
what exactly is “rendering” a video and why does it take so many computers so long to do them? | [
"Images and videos are just many lines of computer code, video rendering is the process of converting this code into images that you can see on your screen. This takes so long to do because as the quality of the image increases, so does the amount of code that image is made of. This of course increases the time it ... | [
"I could never understand why is it that CGI costs so much when in my mind, outside of hardware and production software there shouldn’t be any other costs other than hiring staff. Unless I’m missing something please explain. Thanks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does banana flavouring never taste like banana? | [
"It does taste like banana, just not a type you've ever had. Banana flavoring was modeled after the Gros Michel banana, which was the predominate type of banana prior to the 1950s. At that time, a particularly nasty strain of Panama disease all but wiped out Gros Michel crops _in the west_. A new type, the Cavendis... | [
"That taste is actually the taste of the toothpaste. Toothpaste can be flavored in a number of ways but very often they use mint. Some people actually like the taste of mint! A lot of other things are mint flavored like bubblegum and mojitos. If you do not like the taste of mint you could switch to a brand that is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Dentistry:"
} |
How does a group of animators split the load to produce a uniform film when each one of them draws differently? | [
"Animation is not done by drawing each frame as a picture. Instead the draw lots of bits of picture on clear plastic called cells and then stack them together to make the picture. This lets them reuse backgrounds and such that don't change every panel. For consistency they can have the same person draw one thing... | [
"It varies. Digital puppetry and CGI are done with models either 2D or 3D that are manipulated to create movement, and being that everything is created beforehand animators won't have the opportunity to show their own style (if they have one.) Hand-drawn animation has everybody told how to draw each character and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
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What makes one car brand more reliable than another? | [
"This is mostly an \"old\" idea of car manufacturing. Pretty much all modern car makers operate the same way now... the ones that didn't adapt are now out of business! Japanese makers (who also were manufacturing in the US) were using a operations and process that focused on minimal defects in manufacturing. I can ... | [
"They're just two competing companies that offer more or less the same service, possibly with other perks. It's like asking the difference between Ford and GM. As a consumer, the only really difference to you is that some places accept one but not the other."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Automotive:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Automotive:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Finance:"
} |
How am I able to move a limb, without even having to think a single little thought about it? | [
"If your limbs are moving on their own, that might be something you need to see a doctor about. Every time your little finger pushes down that Shift key, that's a thought (need to make this letter a capital) and its conditioned response. (presuming you touch type) If the right words are capitalized, then it's defin... | [
"I have reading the front page and going to older posts for an hour now, and this question has followed me onto every page on the way down. I guess I'm destined to contribute? I would have to say it's because compared to our body doing something on auto-pilot, which requires virtually no effort on your part, you're... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Psychology:"
} |
What causes bacteria that resides in our bodies to become pathogenic and cause infections? | [
"On rare occasions it is because that bacteria in your body mutated into a more virulent strain. But more often than that, it will be either because a more virulent strain got introduced to you, or because your body suffered an immune system problem which calls the weaker strain to be able to become more virulent. ... | [
"Somewhat. Bacteria can be a little more difficult than viruses. Some types of bacteria (such as enterococcus) have thick capsules that make it more difficult for the immune system to respond. If the condition that caused the sepsis in the first place is allowed to recur or continue, you can get reinfected. Also, r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does my scale calculate my BMI, body fat percentage and body water percentage? | [
"Body fat and body water resist electricity differently than the rest of you. The scale sends a small bit of electricity through your feet, and calculates how much is resisted, and with some math and guess work can estimate your fat/water percentage."
] | [
"Talking about someone's overall weight isn't a good way to measure how healthy they are, or how much fat they're storing, because muscle mass, height, and genetics play a component in how much you're going to weigh. Body fat measurements are important to understanding how overweight someone is because someone who ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
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What happens when Computer is hanged up very hard | [
"no way to tell for sure without specialized debug hardware/software. & #x200B; it could be hardware or software related. & #x200B; one possibility is interrupt storming. interrupts have a priority level, but in general are high priority requests that must be serviced above all application processes. keyboard/m... | [
"I guess for your battery is not that bad. Devices are made to run all the time. What can happen is that your software gets buggy. Normally if you have a software problem, you can shut the phone down and restart it and your problem is solved. But it isn't a problem for the hardware if you never shut your phone down... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
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How do you know what temperature to set to defog car windows? | [
"You set it to warm to evaporate the water on the windshield and set the AC on to dehumidify the air."
] | [
"In the fall and winter it is advisable to have your A/C on with the heat to dry out the air in the car a prevent fogging the widows and wind shield. In fact when you turn on your defogger/defroster, your A/C automatically turns on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it concerning that Jet Blue is using facial recognition data from the US government to facilitate boarding? Is this that different from just having pictures of your face on file to compare with? | [
"Actually, if OP had researched this, the headline is misleading. What JetBlue is doing, on International Flights (where you are required to present your passport to board!) is capturing an image of the traveler at a voluntary kiosk, transmitting that to Customs who then does a biometric match and clears the passe... | [
"Why the history of airline deaths, especially through acts of terrorism is low, the heightened security of our Post-911 society has seen a number of security features added to airport security. One of these includes the correlation of the name on the ticket with the name on your government issued ID, to make sure ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why does everything become louder after you pop your ears? | [
"If there is a pressure differential that's great enough between the inner and outer ear, your eardrum gets pushed by the higher-pressure side and stretches. This makes it a little tighter, so the eardrum doesn't vibrate as much. When you \"pop\" your ears, you equalize that pressure, returning the eardrum to norm... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do US/European electronics companies build factories in Asia? | [
"Cutting costs is important, so cheaper labour and components are important reasons to set up in Asian countries."
] | [
"Take the stuff they do make. China takes $8.75 out of the retail price of a $50 pair of jeans, minus raw material, energy and transportation cost. That means US make more than 4 times as much money as China from that pair of Jeans. It's even more dramatic when you get to electronics. China makes 1 or 2% out of tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Is self preservation instinct present in every human? Is it possible to overcome it? | [
"Yes it is a built-in human instinct. But you can see proof that it can be overcome in certain cases, because some people have killed themselves intentionally."
] | [
"I believe that subconscious trigger, like many we used to have, no longer plays a role for certain people. In the same way's that we have learned to nurture and care for the sick and wounded, rather than leaving them behind. I think humans in civilized parts of the world are no longer concerned for survival of ou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how can carbon exist both as a coal and diamond? | [
"The electrons in carbon atoms can rearrange so it can join with other carbon atoms in different ways, it's called hybridization. It can have four equivalent bonds arranged so they point towards the corners of a 3D tetrahedron giving the hard structure of diamond. Alternatively it can have three equivalent bonds po... | [
"when something is burned it undergoes a chemical process, converting the substance to carbon, which is black"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do free apps that give out thousands of dollars everyday (such as HQ Trivia) get the money, and make money? | [
"Originally it was venture capital. But with all of their tie-in events, a lot of it is coming from advertisers."
] | [
"1. You can get your game out to more people, faster 2. You can make money on an ongoing basis, if players continue to play your game, as opposed to only getting paid once per user. Most businesses would rather have a steady stream of income. 3. You can potentially make a lot more money, and various success stories... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is the skin on our lips a different color than the rest of our face? | [
"Because the skin in the rest of our face has more melanin to give it color. In areas like the lips, there’s less melanin, so you can see the blood cells more clearly, and that’s why lips look kind of reddish."
] | [
"It's not staining, it's pigmentation. It isn't always brown either. It's the same sort of thing that causes the skin around nipples to be a different color than the rest of the skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we know thoughts are created in the brain (and not somewhere else)? | [
"It depends on what you mean by thoughts and created. We can see nerves getting activated in the eye when light hits it. And we can see areas of the brain activate while people are looking at things and how it changes when they look at different things or at nothing. We get sensory input from all over our body, a... | [
"Your brain gets signals from your senses (eyes, ears, nose, tactile) via nerves and interprets these signals in a such a way that your consciousness (which somehow lives within your brain) perceives reality. So *you* (actually, your consciousness, whatever that may be) does not experience reality first-hand, but o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
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