query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What does limit testing mean in gaming terminology? | [
"Basically stressing out the graphic cards to see how much the game can achieve without crashing."
] | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about finance:"
} |
Why are autopsies done when it's obvious what the cause of death is? | [
"Records for the coroners office, they are necessary for death certificates. Also sometimes it may appear like it’s obvious they died a certain way, they have to determine the exact cause."
] | [
"Medical examiners can rule a cause of death to be one of four things: Homicide, suicide, accident, or natural causes. Ruling a death homicide only means that the person was killed by someone else, not that there is necessarily any criminal liability."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why it takes so much time to build Sagrada Família? | [
"It’s considered never ending both because architects had to recreate the plans for parts of it (original plans got set on fire is my understanding); and because it’s built entirely by donations to the church. Not the capital-C organization church, but the individual cathedral."
] | [
"How they make a living? Working in restaurants"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does your own voice sound so different to you compared to hearing your voice on a video etc? | [
"Bc unlike everyone else, you hear your voice through bone. You hear your own voice through your throat rather than air."
] | [
"Sound travels through your jaw bones to your ears when you speak, distorting how you sound when you hear yourself talking compared to how you actually sound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Language and Communication:"
} |
Why do European flights fly to the US during the day and American flights fly to Europe during the night? | [
"US flights are timed to arrive in Europe first thing in the morning. It creates a small gap of a few hours from the last plane leaving at night until the first plane arriving in the morning so they can do runway maintenance and do not have to operate fully staffed 24 hours a day. The same aircraft leave Europe in ... | [
"In Fall we return to normal time. So really the point of daylight savings time is to give us extra sun in the summer. If there was no daylight savings time, sundown would be at 7 instead of 8 in the months of June, July, August. Etc. I always thought it would make sense to have daylight savings all the time due to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are Germans seen as the standard for efficiency? Where did this start and why does it continue to this day? | [
"When the Prussians adopted Lutheran Protestantism in the early 19^th century, they became fascinated with rules. Unlike the Catholics, where arbitrary decisions by distant Popes were the basis of behavior, the idea of the rule of rules was adopted. By the 20^th century, Germans got really, really good at following... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What about brownies make them the go-to vessel for edibles? | [
"Nothing really, except that brownies are rich and chocolatey to help mask the taste of the cannabis. Edible cannabis is typically infused into oil or butter so anything you make with those can be a vehicle for edible cannabis."
] | [
"It takes about 20 minutes for your brain to register you are full. Desert is also super tasty. On a side note, sweet foods suppress appetites. That's why sweet foods are usually served last."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why does pickling things preserve them? | [
"It makes them so acidic, salty, or both, that bacteria cannot live in them. Thus they don't rot."
] | [
"It's salted. There is a term called \"curing\" for meat, which involves adding salt or sometimes smoking it to partially cook it. Both of these will decrease the rate at which food spoils at room temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What happens to the veins and arteries that are cut open in an amputation? | [
"They take a hemostat and grab the larger veins and arteries as they cut off the limb. Then tie them off using heavy silk sutures. Then they use the bovie (electric cautery device) to cauterize the rest of the smaller bleeding."
] | [
"Your heart muscle needs blood to function just as any other muscle does. So in addition to the big chambers of blood that are being pumped, there are other, smaller arteries that deliver blood to the heart muscles. Sometimes these get so plugged up with gunk that the heart muscle can't get enough blood. If they ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Almost everyone has different handwriting. Since we all learn the same letters, why does this occur? | [
"We are human, so we cannot print exactly the same letter every single time we write a letter. We make errors that then become habit. People also hold the pencil differently which can lead to different hand writing and pressure on the point."
] | [
"A font is a uniform form of letter. It is based on calligraphy, an art form. The only thing that makes a font look a specific way is they look alike and since it's based on stylising something you can guess but there isn't a formula, just as there is not a set formula for art. That is how I have come to understand... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some automatic cars have a +/- manual transmission option, and what is the benefit of using it? | [
"It allows a person to manually shift the gears, which has been a common thing for many decades. This can be useful for shifting to lower gears when doing things like going up or down very steep inclines. Also some people like to \"play\" manual sometimes :\\"
] | [
"The left foot was for the clutch. And given that there is *never* a need to use the accelerator and the brake at the same time (and it would be dangerous to do so), it's still a good idea to use the right foot for both."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When does history become History? | [
"History is just the past, so technically even news is a recount of recent historical events. But there is no cut off point when it comes to when something becomes ‘history’. It is more about the significance of the event and the staying power it has"
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
how are chickens still able to move after being decapitated? | [
"It’s the nerves frizzing out and making the muscles move. If you are referencing the famous headless chicken who could move as if it had still an head, it was an extremely lucky beheading."
] | [
"They would argue that mass production *is* very harmful for the animals. Chickens are kept in tiny cages to lay eggs 24/7. They are fed steroids so that they get huge so quickly they can't even stand. Cows are hooked up to milking machines and kept on cages. Bees are gassed and go unconscious while the honey is fa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can someone explain the deeper meaning of these type of photos? | [
"They're called a Rorschach Test and it was hypothesized that what people saw in the blots provided some clue to their psychological state. There's little empirical evidence that they can accurately predict anything about a patient's state of mind or predilections, but they have some use in getting patients to star... | [
"Not sure if this kind of comment is allowed, but in the i terest of starting discussion, whats the context of this? Perfume, wine, etc?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did I need to show ID to buy Dayquil? | [
"You can ~~cook it into some illegal substance~~ freeze it to separate out the active ingredient and then chug it. They get your id to make sure you aren’t some teenager trying to get high."
] | [
"Why in God's name would a 5 year old want to know about Quantum Gravity?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are artificial color dyes made differently from natural color dyes? | [
"Natural dyes are made by taking something that's the right color and processing it into a dye. Artificial dyes are made by putting generic, commodity chemicals into a chemical reaction process that ends up with a dye."
] | [
"Flavors are just chemicals that react with the taste buds in your tongue in various ways. Natural flavors are chemicals found in naturally occurring products. Artificial flavors are chemicals that food scientists research and synthesize. It's organic chemistry either way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why do babies spit up and vomit a lot but adults and older children do not? | [
"Because they learn how to burp instead. The problem is that there is air trapped in the stomach but on it's way out it pushes the other stomach contents up as well. With experience, you learn how to control that reflex so that the air is the only thing that comes up."
] | [
"Sometimes when you make pee pee it comes out at a fast speed, which makes air bubbles and you see foam. This isn't always the reason, like you've noticed. If you drink a lot of fluid at once, you can still pee quickly and it not be very foamy. This is because it's very diluted. Other times there may be a lot prote... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
What causes different types of glue behave differently? (Ex. Super glue vs hot glue) | [
"The compounds that make up the glue cause them to behave differently. Super glue for example is made up of compounds that undergo a chemical reaction that cause it to harden (triggered by water). Something like hot glue is simply a solid at room temperature (and quite a bit warmer) that melts into a liquid at hi... | [
"The protein in the yolk acts as an adhesive once the water evaporates from it. Many commercially available \"glues\" are protein based for this exact reason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does carbon dating know how much carbon was in bones, etc? How many assumptions are being made to calculate these dates? | [
"They don't look at the total amount of carbon, but at the ratio between different kinds (isotopes) of carbon. One isotope has two more neutrons in its nucleus, so it's called C-14, but the nucleus isn't stable, so over time it goes back to C-12 (the \"normal\" isotope). The amount of C-14 in the atmosphere is repl... | [
"First off, carbon dating only covers about 30,000 years or so. We use other radioactive elements to go back further when doing radiometric dating. Second, there is the lithosphere. All the ground beneath you. We can determine how long it takes for a layer to form and then extrapolate a date based on the number of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do different types of animals taste naturally different? Also, are humans white or red meat? | [
"Humans are both red meat and white meat. It depends on what muscle the meat is coming from. The main determining factor of meat color is its concentration of a protein called myoglobin. Within muscle fibers, myoglobin stores and transfers oxygen from the blood to the cellular machinery."
] | [
"Taste buds. They have a hard time distinguishing the exact flavour of something icy cold. When it's warmer, they're more sensitive and can make out much more, in this case the individual chemicals or whatnot in the water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:"
} |
Does increased brain usage (i.e., studying/working) lead to increased caloric usage? | [
"The brain uses a huge amount of energy, per unit volume, all the time. While studying or taking an exam might seem like it's making your brain work harder, the percentage change is usually pretty small. Really sensitive functional MRI machines can measure it, but it's not a diet scheme."
] | [
"Ritalin and similar medications speed up the flow of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls things like impulse control, social skills and planning ahead. MRIs have shown dopamine activity in this part of the brain to be worse in people with ADHD or ADD. Also, Ritalin and similar m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do films and TV shows look weird and low-budget on some modern TVs? | [
"What you could be referring to is what some TVs call \"enhanced motion\". It is a technique that can make older TV shows look like they are filmed at a higher frame rate. The motion looks different and the way it looks is something we have most strongly associated with cheap consumer cameras and low-budget TV show... | [
"Remember: many Blu-Ray films were not shot digitally, they were shot on film. That means they have to transfer the film version to digital before they can burn it onto a disc. In some cases, this is done with high quality frame-by-frame scans of some of the original process prints with restorations which are then ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are mental health issues more prevalent in modern times or did people in the past just not get diagnosed? | [
"There are arguments for both sides but we do have a lot more distractions and focuses than ever before in history. Anything you could possible want to know is at your fingertips, obviously excluding things which haven't been discovered yet."
] | [
"It is simply that people are prepared to admit to suffering from it. There was and to some extent an unreasonable stigma attached to it. Now that some famous people have admitted to suffering from it, people are prepared to follow suit, which can only be a good thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is diesel so much worse for the environment than petrol..? | [
"It is an it isn't. Diesel is better for the environment in some ways because it has lower carbon emissions than petrol which is what most of the climate change people talk about. It is worse for air quality because it produces more nitrous compounds which are bad for people's lungs. Which is a huge problem in Lond... | [
"There is. In a car, it is called the 'catalytic converter', which removes pollutants like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Modern diesel engines also include filters that remove the carbon dust. Of course, there is nothing we can do about the big pollutant, carbon dioxide. It is the main... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Nuclear reactors/power plants, how do they work and what do they actually do to create power? | [
"When radioactive material splits, it generates heat. Nuclear power plants use the heat generated by this reaction to heat up water into steam, which drives massive turbines. Most nuclear power plants work basically like gas power plants in that regard, just using nuclear reactions instead of combustion reactions."... | [
"Uranium can be used to generate nuclear energy, which can be used as an alternative for fossil fuels to provide buildings with electricity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does JB Weld work? | [
"Its an epoxy, you mix two different chemicals together, they react with each other and harden."
] | [
"The things that are touching get tangled. ELI25 Version: Pursue a Ph.D. in Material Science...we still don't have all of the answers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do plastic bottles of soda not explode when left in the freezer? | [
"Metal is very rigid and doesn't stretch very well! Plastic bottles on the other hand are more stretchy and have more give to them. So when the water inside the bottle expands they are able to do so without rupturing the plastic. To make it worse, metal and glass both shrink when they get cold meaning the pressure ... | [
"Beer going bad is generally caused by getting hit by the sun if it's bottled beer. Canned beer will be fine in a warm car. If you have a few six pack bottles in your car just throw something over them to keep the sun off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does the moon look huge in the distance when poping over a mountain but small on a picture or a video? | [
"The short answer is it's an optical illusion. This is mainly caused by having something to compare the moon's scale too (mountain, building, etc). Many people belive its due to being lower to the horizon and the atmosphere \"magnifies\" it, however this is incorrect. To test this optical illusion for yourself, h... | [
"When there is a lot of light on the ground, some of it goes up and makes the sky look brighter by lighting up dust in the air. And just like seeing a flash light in a dark room is easier then in a bright room, stars are easier to see in a dark sky then a bright sky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is paper cut is more painful compared to other kind of cuts. | [
"I read recently that the edge of paper cuts like a saw and leaves behind fibers that cause irritation."
] | [
"Sorry but your question is simply too broad to answer because the human body can suffer all sorts of different types of injury - physical cuts, disease, bruising, sunburn, broken bones, infection... - and what it does to heal in each case can be pretty different. Maybe narrow down your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why have some birds lost the ability to fly? | [
"Not all birds used to actually have the ability to fly, though. Wings serve more purposes than just flight. Winged arms provide warmth, protection, and perhaps most importantly, it allows to more efficiently keep their eggs warm. From an evolutionary perspective, flight appears to be only a secondary purpose for w... | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how is it wasting water (other than on my bills) for me to run the shower when I’m not in it, doesn’t it just go back into the ecosystem? | [
"Yes. The thing you're wasting isn't really the water, it's the power and electricity required to purify the dirty water you've deposited into the sewer system back to clean usable water again."
] | [
"I'll humour you with an answer. Your sink and toilet have a waste trap that holds water in it to seal your house from the sewer. You can see this in the toilet as the water you piss into. When you flush the toilet you swap that now pissed in water for fresh water. Now, if you piss in the sink it's trap will have y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it that when on the occasions I have to pee, then get an erection, I no longer feel the need to pee? | [
"Your urethra has two modes it can swap between; semen mode, and urine mode. It blocks one tube, and opens another, basically. It's impossible to pee while nearing climax, and it's impossible to ejaculate while peeing. As such, you lose the desire to do those things when nearing the other, since you physically can'... | [
"More importantly, why do they tend to do it after they poop?? Granted, I feel lighter on my feet after a good poo, but I don't feel compelled to sprint through the house!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it possible that time lapse videos/movies have the same lighting over several days? | [
"Just because they aren't in a studio doesn't mean they don't have their own lighting. For a major production like that they most definitely did."
] | [
"O don't think of it at slow motion, I think of it as frames. Every time the light flashes we got a frame that our eye perceives (more flashes per second means a more fluid movement of the object)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does an infinite universe not violate conservation of energy and imply the existence of infinite energy | [
"The main workaround for speculations about \"infinite reality\" is the supposition that the universe as we know it has zero **net** energy. In other words, everything that happens is balanced by something else, so that (taken as a whole) there are no conservation violations. Or, if interpreted cynically, \"nothing... | [
"No. Only an infinite mass could do that, and the existence of an infinite mass would essentially destroy the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is a light cone? | [
"Say you take a picture, and your camera's flash goes off. That flash sends a pulse of light in a sphere that radiates outward (gets bigger) until it gets absorbed or scattered by something else. As the sphere gets bigger, looking at it from one angle, it is a circle that keeps getting bigger and bigger. If you sta... | [
"See this post: _URL_0_ It has a definition for basically every type of road."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are knots in wood so difficult to cut and/or drill through? | [
"Wood is made up of long fibers. The wood's \"grain\" is determined by the direction that these fibers point in. The direction of the grain affects how the wood feels to cut - cutting *across* the grain chops the fibers in half, whilst cutting *with* the grain separates them from each other. You need different tool... | [
"They are the simplest method, other than lashing, to secure pieces of wood to one another. Inexpensive, somewhat reusable, fast to use and abundant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
how do fractals have unlimited perimeter but limited area? | [
"Imagine it in 3D. Take a ball of dough, or any squishable material, and roll it out flat. Its volume is still the same but its surface is now much greater. Now imagine that you can keep rolling out the dough, that there is no limit to how thin it can become. Its volume is still exactly the same as the start (yo... | [
"For the Mandelbrot: 1)start with a blank piece of paper, number each point on the paper with (x,y) 2) for each (x,y) perform some repetitive math. That math will either give you answers of smaller and smaller numbers (going towards zero) or larger and larger numbers (going towards infinity) 3) points where the mat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If things get smaller as they cool down than why does ice take up more surface area than water? | [
"water is a special case which expands when it cools. this is because H2O molecules are shaped goofy and they stick to each other in a special way when they cool."
] | [
"> Is it because the North Pole is seemingly much more contained and the effects are only see at its accompanying shorelines? The North Pole ice is floating in the water. Ice in water melting does not change sea levels, because it displaces as much water as ice as it will as more water. You can see this by making a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does the NFL draft work? What exactly happens during the draft? | [
"The draft is how college players get distributed to NFL teams. Each team gets one pick in each of seven rounds by default, picking in reverse order of season record, ie. the worst team picks first and the Super Bowl winner picks last. Teams can trade picks (before or during a draft), so that’s why you’ll often see... | [
"There are a number of reasons. * It's the most popular professional league in the US by a longshot. * It has a sweet spot for the number of rounds--7. Hockey has this as well but it's less popular than the other three in the US. The NBA has two and the MLB has *forty* * There is a lot of uncertainty. Given the nu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does fast charging work? | [
"USB was originally only designed to carry 5 volts and signalling wires. How fast wires can charge something is limited by how much current can flow through the relatively thin wires in a USB cable (the number of electrons per second) times 5 volts. USB quick charge allows devices to charge at 20 volts but at the s... | [
"Rapid chargers supply the maximum amperage that your phone can charge at (as opposed to most phone chargers and USB ports). . Most USB ports are 0.5A Phone chargers and USB charging ports are 1.0-1.5A Rapid Chargers and most tablet chargers are 2.0-3.0A . Since Power = Amperage squared times Resistance (and resis... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a baby supply oxygen in the first seconds mid/post childbirth? Can babies obtain oxygen from the placenta and the lungs simultaneously ? | [
"In order for oxygen to pass from the mother's blood across the placenta, the baby's blood has a much much higher binding affinity for oxygen. Because of the higher affinity the amount of oxygen in the babies blood is way higher than adults. This extra oxygen can supply the babies body with sufficient oxygen for 5 ... | [
"Well...the cord is attached to the placenta, which is the sac that the baby grew inside. The placenta will detach itself from the uterine wall shortly after birth and be expelled by contractions, thus expelling the the umbilical cord. Once detached and expelled the cord will no longer supply the baby with nutrient... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can I weight 252 pounds at 10pm and then weight 249 pounds at 6am the next morning? | [
"Poop? Pee? Sweat? You lost weight. We're you wearing more or less? Not yo mention just errors in the scale. If you were standing on it differently, etc."
] | [
"It’s not so much fatigue as clock watching... such as “oh, it’s already 2am, I’d better get some sleep!” vs. having no idea whether it’s 10pm or 2am."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What is my body doing with caffeine free diet cola? | [
"There are usually some salts and small amounts of other minerals your body can make use of, but most of what's in there is just coming right out the other end."
] | [
"Sick: the sugar. Jittery: probably a mixture of caffeine and sugar. Look at how much caffeine is in your energy drink, then multiple that number by how many servings there are. There is about 120mg of caffeine in a cup of coffee for you to compare to."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does holding a rope around your hand "break every bone in your hand" | [
"I imagine that what was being shown was thst the rope would constrict your hand, crushing it. Which is true. Ex your right hand has the rope looped around it and is higher. Your other hand grabs part of the rope dangling. If your weight pulls down on that hand it'll pull the loop tight and can break the bones in y... | [
"And why does it end up hurting? I don't hurt my arms by crossing them, why does a little pressure on the eyes slowly hurt more over time?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
When you get hit, why does that part of your body feel hot to the touch? | [
"The impact damages cells which release compounds into the surrounding tissue that the body responds to as with other forms of injury. The area gets more blood flow to repair the damage, swelling and increasing the temperature as heat is pulled from the core."
] | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does motivation works? | [
"Motivation is basically just 'a crack of the whip' or more accurately, an emotional reasoning to do something we may or may not want to do. An easy exxample may be taking out the trash. It may suck, but we know if it doesn't go out, it attracts flies, smells bad,starts to look bad and will spill over all those are... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do radar detector-detectors work? | [
"Because it is not 100% passive. In order to detect the radar, the signal being received by the antenna is mixed with a signal from inside the radar detector called a \"local oscillator\". The signal from the LO can be received for a short distance outside the car. & #x200B; For a bit more information, google \"Su... | [
"A radar detector device has both a radar and a laser detector built into it. No different from how a smart phone often has multiple cameras, a microphone and speakers. The sensor that detects radar waves won't detect laser beams, and vice versa. A [laser speed detector](_URL_0_) doesn't send out a pin point laser ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that certain character cannot be used in the naming of files on Windows computers? | [
"Back in the days of MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) those characters were used in the command line for telling the system what to do. Changing a to a tree in the directory was something like 'cd c:\\Reddit Been a long time, but that's close."
] | [
"Because those are stored in different parts of the brain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Neuroscience:"
} |
Why does water start steaming much lower than 100°C? | [
"If you think of the temperature of the water as how fast the molecules are moving as a whole, then some of the molecules are already moving as fast as they would be if they were hotter than 100°C and since the water is already close to 100°C enough of the water is moving hot enough to be steam."
] | [
"In a 600 mL Red Bull there are 30 g of sugar. The solubility of sucrose sugar in water is 250 g/100 mL at 25 degrees celsius. That means you can dissolve 1.5 kg of sugar in that drink before it starts crashing out of solution."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people go at great lengths to defuse a bomb (e.g. carefully cutting the correct wires, etc.)? Can’t you break it by making it wet or throwing it to a pool of water? | [
"If you're talking about movies - theatrics. The point of a movie is to entertain; if the protagonist could defuse a bomb simply by dumping a kettle (or better yet, peeing) on it, it would be anticlimactic. If you're talking about real life, hopefully an engineer can chime in. In the interim, based on my pedestria... | [
"Let me answer your question with another question: if you tape a grenade to the back of someone's head and pull the pin, what happens to the front of their head? Same thing, more or less."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does CBD oil work? | [
"You know ibuprofen? That's an anti-inflammatory drug. CBD (another name for hemp extract) is also an anti-inflammatory drug. When you take an anti inflammatory, the inflammation chills out and the nerves stop sending hurt signals. Less swelling/pain. With Ibuprofen and similar anti inflammatory drugs, consistent ... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is vomiting a symptom of dehydration, it seems counterproductive? | [
"When you’re dehydrated, basically your body can’t function properly. You fail to flush out toxins through sweat and urine like normal. Vomiting is one of the body’s mechanisms to rid of toxins that have entered the body."
] | [
"When becoming dehydrated, the body responds by releasing hormones to promote solving the issues - dehydration, as a survival instinct. Correct me if I'm wrong but Cortisol is one of these hormones (stress hormone). Which in excess can cause fatigue and headache, like when you stay dehydrated long enough for it to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is ancient stuff like early spears buried so deep underground? | [
"Outside of intentional burial by humans (graves), new construction, you can watch this process in your lifetime by leaving a coin in the yard for years. Wind-born dust, water-born sediment, plants, compaction from rain, foot traffic of animals and plants all contribute to a build up of soil. Multiply by 5000 years... | [
"People forget. What was once a sacred burial ground could now be a parking lot. Also, ancient people wouldn't move big stones to mark out graves, because that is literal tons of effort, so there would be no surviving markers now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do syringes work? Why does liquid only come out when it is pressed on? | [
"The liquid is held in by surface tension. In the same way that tiny water drops can stay a drop and not just spread out into a very thin sheet, the end of the needle is small enough that surface tension keeps the liquid from flowing out. Pushing on the plunger provides a force strong enough to break that sirface t... | [
"It's to get rid of the air inside of the needle. You flick it to bring the air bubbles to the top, then squeeze the plunger a little to get rid of it ( you'll probably lose some liquid also) then you can use the needle on yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are swear words even considered bad in the first place? What even decides that a word is considered a “bad word”? | [
"Aside from the obvious squeamishness about private or taboo topics-- sex, defecation, blasphemy-- or insults, the difference between less obvious vulgar versus acceptable words and their more clinical counterparts often has to do with early English language use being split between the Germanic Old English of the c... | [
"Blasphemy, taking the lords name in vain... ie using it in a negative context is to some as bad a swearing if not worse."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Linguistics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Linguistics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Linguistics:"
} |
Jumping up in a plummeting elevator | [
"You can do some quick math on this to determine you're definitely getting hurt. Let's say you're an absolute monster and can jump 2 meters in the air, that has you leaving the ground at 6.2 m/s If your elevator is falling from the 10th floor it'll be covering ~30 meters in about 2.5 seconds with a maximum speed of... | [
"The same thing that kills you if you fall 30 feet outside the elevator, the sudden stop at the end turning you innards into jelly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do pain relievers like ibuprofen reduce fever? | [
"Shamelessly stolen from /u/delph906 in [this](_URL_0_) old eli5 threaf > Don't know what the second one is but can answer for ibuprofen. It belongs to a class of drugs knows as nonsteroidal anti-inflammitory drugs(NSAIDS). Basically inflammation is your body ramping things up to deal with a situation. This involv... | [
"Tylenol's active ingredient is acetaminophen Advil's is ibuprofen, a NSAID They are similar, but NSAIDs help reduce inflammation. So if you your knee hurts due to inflammation, use ibuprofen"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Is a general practitioner a regular doctor? Is it the person you go to on a regular basis for check ups and general problems? | [
"Yes that is correct. Some people get a specialisation (surgeon, gynaecologist, oncologist etc) after their medical degree but if they don’t, they can practice medicine as a GP (general practitioner)"
] | [
"Because they have limited resources, and they take the most critical cases first. Add to that that so many ERs are clogged up with people who use it as their primary physician anytime they are sick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is a surge protector able to tell me if it is properly grounded? | [
"By checking for continuity between the ground pin and neutral pin. If no continuity exists then ground does not exist. Ground wires and the neutral wire both end up in the same place inside your circuit breaker panel."
] | [
"If there is nothing plugged in, then no it will not use any electricity. For electricity to flow, there must be a complete circuit, and to complete the circuit you must plug something in. Some devices draw current even when they are off if they are plugged in, that may be what she is thinking of."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Do Bees know that stinging something would kill them? If stinging something would end up killing them, how is that considered a good defense mechanism? | [
"Worker bees, the ones with stingers, don't reproduce. They defend the hive by giving their lives to protect the hive and its queen and her drones. From an evolutionary standpoint, the worker bees don't matter since they can't pass their genes on; so it's not a bad defense mechanism for them to sacrifice themselves... | [
"It is supposed to be a natural reaction that our ancestors used to survive. It would keep them away from the nests of dangerous insects such as termites. It was the body's way of trying to avoid the danger and keep alive. If you believe in evolution you could say that it is part of evolution."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why does america call university, college and or university when in the UK at least we just call them University and colleges are seperate aside from the occasional Uni course being held at them? | [
"I may be wrong but I think universities need to have graduate programs not just under grad."
] | [
"My understanding is that its not about lower level, but collegic and grad school level. They learn a lot more information amd things like that, but allegedly American students develop more critical thinking and analysis as opposed to straight memorization of facts. Furthermore places in europe specialize more than... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
With all the money poured into the movie industry nowadays, why is Titanic, which was made in 1997, still the second highest grossing movie of all time? | [
"I don't think budget automatically equals a good movie. It's just what is appealing to the audience. Some high budget movies are rather disappointing and some low budget movies are great. It just depends on the story, acting and general quality."
] | [
"Because they are likely to be successful. A movie is successful if it earns more money than it cost to make. A movie that few people saw might earn $20 million. If it was an unpromoted indie film that cost $5 million to make, it is a big success If it was a summer blockbuster, it is a historic bomb."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What actually is a musical key and how does it affect the music that's being played? | [
"These days I think of a song as a group of notes that are played in relation to each other. The key is the starting point. What I mean is, say you hear a song on the radio that's played in G in its original form. You like it, you want to learn it but it's too low for you to sing. You can take that same sing up two... | [
"The power of all music is in evoking an emotional reaction. Now what kind of reaction you have will of course depend on the particular music you are listening to."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:"
} |
Jury nullification and it's consequences? | [
"The judge will instruct a jury that their duty is to apply the law. But no one can force a jury to decide a certain way. If the jury decides that the defendant should go free, they can return a verdict of not guilty, even if they think the law is clear and the evidence shows that the defendant broke the law."
] | [
"> Can you really get booted off a jury for knowing about this or is that a myth? When the jury is being selected, the prosecution and the defense have to agree on the jury. One or the other may have a problem with a juror who advocates the use of jury nullification. > Do legal practicioners in the court room try ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do people put horseshoes on horses? | [
"A horse's hoof is very similar to your finger nail. Horses evolved to carry a certain amount of weight (their own) and to travel on surfaces like dirt, grass, and mud. We Shoe horses to prevent their hooves from Cracking under the increased weight they carry (us) and the harder surfaces we force them to travel on ... | [
"If tigers could hang upside down in your bedroom and climb down on a rope coming out of their asses nobody would talk about spiders"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
the Iran-Contra-Affair | [
"There was a law against selling weapons to Iran. There was a law against supporting the contras: right wing rebels in South America. Regan and his administration illegally sold weapons to Iran and used the money to illegally fund the right wing rebels. When they got caught, they claimed that they had actually been... | [
"Relevant entertaining and informative youtube video Electrocution in Water: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are the differences between snow and hail formation | [
"Wind. That is all. All hail starts out as snow, but the wind blows it back up into the clouds after it falls, causing to get wet again, then that layers of water freezes, it falls and the wind blows it back up again to get another layer of ice. Rinse and repeat until the hail is too heavy for the wind to blow it b... | [
"This is simply because of the natural variations in the density or types of particles in the air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the entire strip of land from Morocco to Mongolia appear to be desert on the world map? | [
"The Himalayans, The Alps, and the Caucuses. The parts of the world you described are in their rain shadow. In addition the latitude they exist at is such that the prevailing winds draw moisture away from them. It's a double whammy."
] | [
"Well, 67% of the land and 90% of the human population is in the northern hemisphere. A quick look at geography shows that a significant proportion of this southern land is desert. The hemispheres didn't really have a level playing field to start with."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can rain forests have infertile soil yet such huge growth? | [
"Because the trees pull up the nutrients as rapidly as they're deposited, there is no buildup of nutrients in the soil. The nutrient layer is very much in the surface, there's very little underneath. The trees are living on recycled nutrients of all the trees around them. The same matter goes around and around the ... | [
"Fire is GOOD for nature for many reasons; you may have heard that coniferous trees (trees with cones) will only spread their seeds when the heat from a fire melts the resins in the cones and allows them to open up. Fire is also beneficial in that, once the trees are burned, the remaining ashes contain lots of nut... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are crushed stones placed on railway tracks? | [
"The ballast spreads out the weight on the rails, holds the ties and thereby the rails in place, and allows water to drain off the rail line. Smaller particles would be more easily moved out of position by water, freeze/thaw cycles, wind, vibration from passing trains, and all that stuff."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
-what is “dew point” and how does it affect the weather? | [
"If you trap the air that is currently around you, then cool it down, how cool can you make it before dew starts forming. It is way of measuring the humidity in the air. Instead of asking \"how much more water could the air hold at its current temperature\", you ask \"how much could I cool it before it can't even h... | [
"Because temperature alone does not account for things like the sun heating up your skin, wind, humidity and various other factors. There are many different ways of measuring how hot or cold it feel heat index which takes into account humidity and global wet bulb which takes into account other factors like the sun'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the 20 questions electronic game work? | [
"It's basically a \"binary search\". Let's look at guessing a number between 1 and 100. You pick a number in the middle (50) and *that rules out half the questions*. If the number you want is higher or lower, you repeat this (25), and again (12) and again (6) and again (3) and again (2). You can mathematically show... | [
"How would you define \"winning\" a presidential debate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
what’s the difference between fondant, frosting, and butter cream? | [
"Essentially, fondant is a rollable icing. It has a similar texture to marzipan or play-doh. Buttercream can be classed as a type of frosting, but it's made from a fat, most often butter and powdered sugar, with a little milk or cream (I always add double cream to my buttercream) sometimes. Frosting might be refer... | [
"For some reason most baking/decorating classes teach people to put copious amounts of frosting on cupcakes. Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that patrons can remove excess frosting, but cannot add frosting. Plus, the more frosting there is, the more you salivate, the less you notice how stale the cupc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do we distinguish copyright infringement from fair use? For example, if I were remixing a song, how much of the original song would I need to change or how different would it have to be for it to fall under fair use category? | [
"That's easy: Remixes are never fair use. This was established back in the 80s when hip hop groups were sampling everything heavily - the courts decided that *no amount of sampling* is acceptable under fair use. Fair use is limited to citations for criticism, educational purposes, parody and things of that nature."... | [
"The answer to your question is probably not very satisfactory. How similar does the song have to be? Similar enough for a judge to think there is copyright infringement. That's it. There are no laws governing \"how much\", it is a judgement call by the judge that would preside over the case. Having said that the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what does dopamine do? | [
"Dopamine, known more as a “feel-good hormone”, acts as a neurotransmitter— a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. Dopamine is involved in many pathways in the brain and plays an important role in a lot of body systems and functions, including movement, sleep, learning, m... | [
"Yes. Narcotics can. But it's not worth it. Source: opiates addict"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did the baby boomers generation "destroy the economy"? | [
"They are referencing that the economic policies of the 80s 90s and 00s centralized wealth a lot, greatly increased corporate power (especially citizens united, allowing corporations to directly finance election campaigns), and their spending habits were heavy on deficit spending leading to a too strong luxury mark... | [
"To my knowledge we only solved the unemployment issue by creating low paying jobs, like technical and blue collar. But we didn't help the middle class which is the heart and soul of a countries economy. [Edit] to add-on this was what the last administration did. We have yet to see how the new administration will ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some light bulbs last longer than others, even when they were installed at the same time? | [
"Thermocycling affects the life of the filament in bulbs. Every time you turn on and off a bulb the energy pushed through the filaments weakens it. If you have a bulb that always stays on and a bulb that you turn on and off every day, the bulb that always remains on will last much longer. I have bulbs that I never ... | [
"Turning the lights off uses no power. Turning them on uses almost no power, except for some fluorescent models where it can use up to 30 seconds of power. Short answer: turn them off, especially if you're likely to be gone for much more than a minute."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people from other countries immigrate to the same area in the US? | [
"Community. Most people want to be around people like them, so it makes sense to go where there are people that you can communicate with and help you integrate into your new community."
] | [
"The main thing is that Poland immigrants going to North America went to the United States. Greek immigrants going to North America went to the United States. Irish immigrants going to North America went to the United States. Spanish immigrants going to North America went to Mexico, because it was a Spanish colony ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can’t we remember things from when we were a baby? | [
"Because your brain literally couldn't form that type of memories. It hadn't developed that function yet. We only start to form \"episodic memories\" at the age of 2-4. Before that memories are semantic (ie, you can learn stuff, but it's not tied to a memory sequence) or even more primal. P.S: Your brain isn't fu... | [
"Most babies you see on TV are actually a lot older than you think. Most are at least a few months old."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I hear that measles has one serotype. What is a serotype? | [
"A serotype is a variation of a microorganism/bacteria/virus/immune cell which can be defined by how it is effected by antibodies. So while there's multiple different *genotypes* (genetic makeups) of measles, they only have one *serotype*, which means all the genotypes react with the same antibodies."
] | [
"Because it's not a virus or strain of bacteria. It's a cell mutation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why do two sounds of the same volume create a louder noise together? | [
"Sound is essentially air compressed together in a pulse. This is why when looking at a speaker playing music it bounces - it \"hits\" the air, thus compressing it. So essentially, it is the force of the speaker on the air that makes up the sound. If you have two speakers you also exert more force on the air, thus ... | [
"similar to you whistling. you pass air in very tiny space, increasing its speed, which produced noise, the faster it goes the higher the pitch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Physics:"
} |
How can a documentary like "Our Planet" record such high quality audio on animals from a far distance? | [
"It’s dubbed in. They have a studio that just does sound effects. There is a guy in a room with a bunch of junk around him and he plays it like instruments. Edit: here is a YouTube link [YouTube ](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"A lot is also due to comparison. When one watches the news, they see footage from 10,000$ + studio cameras. These shoot full HD and are tripod mounted, so a shaky camera phone, which isn't the same quality as the studio will be noticed more."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the mental differences and capabilities in-between the standard person and someone with downs syndrome? | [
"Down Syndrome affects everyone differently. Some people with Down Syndrome may be only mildly affected mentally and physically. Often, people will have low muscle tone, mild to moderate mental impairment, and some other physical difficulties."
] | [
"Because personality is individual and no no two personalities are exactly the same so it's almost impossible to make a drug for each and every personality type. This implies they can only generalize and make drugs for certain parts of the personality that cater to the bigger part of society with issues such as bi-... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
what's the difference between zero gravity and Anti Gravity? | [
"Zero-G is the equivalent of floating in space. Anti-Gravity is science fiction, unless you simply mean anything that goes against gravity strongly enough to move againat its pull (anything from a rubber band launched upwards to a rocket engine breaking out of earths orbit)."
] | [
"More importantly, what's the difference between hot and best?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If babies spend ~ 9 months in a bag of water, why don’t they come out looking like I do after spending 30 minutes in the tub? | [
"They are covered by a layer of a greasy substance, vernix. This somewhat prevents the skin changes resulting in wrinkles. They can be a little wrinkled though."
] | [
"He's warming up for the eventual possibility that you are going to drop him in water. Why else are you holding him over the water anyways."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If our tears are salty, by don’t hurt, then why the hell does it burn when you get saltwater in your eye? | [
"The salt concentration in sea water is about 3.5%. The concentration that would be isotonic to your body is 0.9%. So sea water is 4x the concentration."
] | [
"We also cry when we're happy. It's because there's not enough room to keep all the feels inside, and so they spill over. Now flair your post or you'll cry when it's deleted."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When people say that they called “their lawyer” when they need assistance with random legal matters or even after getting arrested, do they have someone hired beforehand? Does the average person need a general attorney ready to call at all times? | [
"Some people and businesses have a lawyer \"on retainer,\" meaning that they pay the lawyer a fee to have them available should the person/business ever need the lawyer's help in the future. People in certain professions or who deal with lots of contractual issues may have lawyers on retainer, but it's rare for a t... | [
"TV shows do not represent real life. The reason some gets a Lawyer on retainer is because it is *cheaper*. It is essentially buying in bulk. Someone pays the lawyer to be on retainer so that they can consult with them whenever they want/often. This is cheaper than paying the lawyer each time the person needs legal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do glute muscles become weak? | [
"The same way any other muscle gets weaker. Over time and extended periods of low use, they deteriorate and lose mass."
] | [
"Pulling and pushing use different muscles. Your pulling muscles are stronger than your pushing muscles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
the discrepancy in size between the observable universe and the age of the universe. If the universe is 13.8 billion years old than how can it be observable to 43.5 billion light years? | [
"Space is getting bigger. Like, things get farther apart faster than they're actually moving, because more space is coming into existence between them. The current rate is 68 kilometers per second per million parsecs; in the early universe the speed was much faster. What this means is there's light from the early u... | [
"It's impossible to know for sure if the universe is infinite or not. The *observable* universe certainly isn't, it's only about 90 billion light years across."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Mathematics:"
} |
Why kettles make a "roaring" noise while they're heating up but then get quieter once they actually start boiling? | [
"This is about cavitation. When the kettle is on the way to boiling the water touching the heating element at the bottom boils and turns into steam bubbles, which rise and cool as they go because the water around them is cooler. When they get below a certain temperature they collapse and the water rushing in is wha... | [
"Imagine a much smaller water heater. We'll call it a \"pot\". As in, a pot on your stove. You need hot water, so you'll put water in the pot and heat it up. Now you need to use the hot water! No problem! We'll just pour some of it out of the pot, then pour more water into the pot and keep ths stove running, right?... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
For universities/companies that do educational studies on the effects of hard drugs like cocaine, where do they get legitimate and legal cocaine from to do them? | [
"From the pharmacy. Cocaine is a legal schedule II drug, used by ENT doctors as a topical anesthetic and vasoconstrictor for example. Your local CVS might not stock it, but the pharmacy of a research hospital probably will, or at least can get it by arrangement. It is also possible to get schedule I drugs (no accep... | [
"They produce, purchase and/or import them in licensed facilities. Just because a drug is \"illegal\" to possess without a prescription, doesn't mean it's illegal to make - as long as it's properly licensed and regulated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do breweries/bottling companies bottle their foamy products e.g coke, beer without it foaming up since when you do the reverse, it foams up? | [
"At least for homebrewing, the beer goes into the bottle flat, and then gets carbonized in the bottle. There's no head (foam) because there's no co2 to make it until a few weeks later."
] | [
"It does. However, due to the different chemicals present in soda vs carbonated water, the bubbles that carbonated water produces are larger, thus they pop more easily. Soft drinks produce tiny bubbles, which take longer to pop and thus a foam is produced. Nonetheless, if you shake a bottle of carbonated water and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do fish come to live in alpine lakes? | [
"I've found fish in surprising numbers of isolated ponds, drainage ditches, and sewers. Fish eggs can stick to the feet of waterfowl, who then fly to other bodies of water and deposit the eggs, like seeds in bird droppings."
] | [
"Since it's a plant, it needs to get energy from the sun to live (through photosynthesis). It's easier to do this on the surface than underwater, especially in murky waters like are often found in ponds and lakes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is glass sharp enough to hurt ants, if ants would walk on broken glass? | [
"For something sharp to make a cut, it also takes force to separate the material it's cutting into. So long as the weight of the ant focused on the sharpest point of any object is less that the force required to separate the cells holding them together, tye ant will be fine. And since they're basically weightless, ... | [
"They're attracted by the moisture and salt on your skin. The reason they keep coming is because flies arent aware you exist. You like a million times bigger than they are. The reason they keep hitting into you even after you swat at them is they have very poor memory. You ever seen a fly come inside through an ope... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is spider silk and why is it so strong? | [
"Spider silk is a protein, which is quite similar to regular silkworm silk. However, spiders make their silk strong in a process that is remarkably similar to a factory production process. Firstly, the silk proteins are secreted in the tail, and they naturally form into nanoscopic balls called micelles. These are s... | [
"Hollow bones, and a whole lot of other things that make flying animals lightweight and aerodynamic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it that when rain falls, it doesn’t hurt us although it has an enormous potential energy as the water has a mass, and the height is unbelievable? | [
"Water droplets don't have that much mass so they can't carry that much potential energy to begin with. Since they are a liquid the energy is also dissipated upon impact. Compared to something like hail that is frozen and hard and has enough force to cause a lot of damage. There is also terminal velocity, once an o... | [
"The gravity of earth pulls all that air and matter (air is matter, by the way) towards earth. The atmosphere stops at the point where gravity becomes too weak to hold the air matter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are so many animals with their "weapons" on their head? | [
"No thumbs. Need legs for mobility and stability. Some animals, like birds, have spurs on their feet. And some, like kangaroos, will grab hold of you and kick you to death. But I think the short answer is: evolution."
] | [
"Eyeballs. Predetors usually have their eyeballs on the front of their heads (think human, wolf, lion) where prey have their eyeballs on the side of their heads (think deer, rabbit, mouse). It's like a big red flag for animals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do slot machines work? | [
"Modern slot machines are entirely computer driven. When you pull the arm/press the button, the outcome is determined from a programmed odds table and all the spinning stuff on the screen is purely for show."
] | [
"Bot explained how bots work. Thank you Internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why haven't we engineered a grass that stays short enough that it doesn't need cut? | [
"Micro clover is another ground cover that is being planted in place of grass, needs far less mowing, and takes far less water to stay healthy and green."
] | [
"Grass can survive just fine with leaves on it. Might not look very nice as a lawn. But how do you think grass survives in the wild where there are not people with rakes around? :P"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why don’t automatic cars stall at traffic lights? | [
"They don't use a clutch. Instead they use a fluid coupling called a torque converter which works kind of like one turbine spinning another with transmission fluid, or think of one fan blowing another fan to make it spin. The torque converter is designed to allow the input and output shafts to spin at different spe... | [
"We're not supposed to use our phones at gas stations?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
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