query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is prostate cancer so common when the prostate is a relatively small organ that is not directly exposed to carcinogens (e.g. UV light, cigarette smoke)? | [
"Cancer ultimately happens when a cell replicates and through random mutation/damage the gene that limits its replication is defective, causing it and its spawn to go wild and replicate without limitation. There is a chance of getting a cancerous cell with every replication. So 'high turnover' organs that replicate... | [
"Cigarettes contain chemical which like tar which cause mutations in DNA. These mutations may cause the cell to turn cancerous. Tar and these other carcinogens are found in minuscule quantities in the air and are therefore not likely to be harmful unless specifically inhaled while smoking or by inhaling cigarette s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does food from chain restaurants contain so much sodium? | [
"Partially for flavor, partially because it’s an excellent preservative. You’ll find that, even in grocery store products, food that can be stored for extended periods of time (ie. Pre-made frozen foods, canned soup, etc.) have a very high level of sodium. As far as most chain restaurants go, like said before it *i... | [
"When you make it yourself, you simply can't force yourself put the same ridiculous amounts of salt, sugar, fat and msg into the food as a fast food restaurant does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Torrents. Could studios sabotage them if they actually wanted to? | [
"They do try to overload a torrent with clients that you can't really connect to. I forget the term for it, flooding maybe, but essentially it stops people from downloading or reduces speed to a crawl. They can also submit bad files to the major sites so that people searching for a torrent may end up picking a bad ... | [
"Because whoever made the video can't get the money from ads so they choose to make it unavailable on mobile."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:"
} |
How does exposure allow a camera to see into space? | [
"The reason we can't see stuff on the night sky as well as we would like to is not that they're invisible, it's just that there's so little of their light reaching us that they're indistinguishable from the backdrop. Long exposure on camera sort of gathers up all that dim light and sums it up - with long enough exp... | [
"How can they see clearly in space? Because of the lack of an atmosphere. An atmosphere causes all sorts of disturbances. By putting the telescope in space you take away one of the things that not only blocks light but also bends it. This allows you to not only see further and see dimmer objects but allows you to s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
What's the difference between donating plasma and platelets? Is there any? | [
"From where you're gonna be sitting, it'll be the same. Blood goes out, big machine happens, blood goes back in, then your half hour saves someones life."
] | [
"There is a new, and less painful way of donating bone marrow where you it is pulled from your blood stream. It feels like donating blood, but it last for several hours. It is called peripheral blood stem cell donation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the ”storage cap” of the human brain, and what would happen if you could hypothetically reach it? | [
"We don't know. & #x200B; We don't understand how the brain stores information well enough. It stores some information indefinitely and forgets others instantaneously. We have no idea how the brain differentiates these two things. It can recall seemingly forgotten information at a moment's notice. & #x200B; Which... | [
"The brain uses a lot of energy, it produces waste products and there’s a saturation point or limit of how much information you can hold in your short term memory. So absolutely, mental activity can be extremely tiring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come when you open task manager to close a slow program, the program will sometimes suddenly start working again as if nothing is wrong? | [
"I hope someone who knows some in depth details on this can chime in, but the short version is: Opening the task manager by your standard ctrl+alt+delete is not like starting any other program. It's treated by Windows differently, and interrupts other functions for a moment - that's why it can work even when the OS... | [
"IT professional here: Can you please define \"slow\"? This word is thrown around often when it comes to computer complaints but details matter. Is it taking a long time to boot up? Is netflix choppy? Is it slow when you open a third powerpoint deck? Those can help me answer you better. The shorter answer is RAM, t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If there are so many natural fires in forests per year that are then contained by humans, how wasn´t earth burned before humans appeared? | [
"When humans prevent a fire, it allows more undergrowth and deadfall to accumulate, which makes the next fire even worse. When the fires occur naturally, without that accumulation, they are smaller and burn themselves out more quickly. Trees don't burn easily, it takes very special conditions to create a forest f... | [
"CO2 levels will increase from the Canadian Wildfires. But not by much. There are greater fires happening right now all across the world (mostly in rainforested areas) which the public and the media just tend to ignore. However, as well as just the fire burning all the greenery up, the loss of this greenery will me... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do aerosol cans get colder when you shake them? | [
"They don't, it only appears that way. When pressure decreases in a fixed volume, temperature also decreases. When pressure gets too low, spraying no longer works, you shake the can, only then do you notice how cold it has become."
] | [
"I haven't taken many physics classes, but I believe it relieves the stress on the bottom of the bottle when you squeeze it. This allows the bottle to be able to be squeezed easier and not have the bottom pop out. If the bottom pops out the bottle wouldn't be able to balance on a flat surface."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does an electric guitar and a solid-state amp or a tube amp work? | [
"When you strum a string on an electric guitar, the string moves through a magnetic field produced by the pickups. Because it is a conductor moving through a magnetic field, it distorts that field. This distortion of the magnetic field creates an electrical signal that the guitar then transmits to the amplifier. Th... | [
"A guitar amp & speaker is designed to change the raw sound of the electric guitar. This is partly to do with history, and partly to do with physics. The physics of the electric guitar means that is you put it through a high fidelity amplifier - like a PA, domestic hifi or even bluetooth speaker - it sounds rubbish... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the air look wavy when heated? | [
"It's refraction. You're looking through a layer of cold air, hot air, and cold air again. When light travels through a different refractive medium its path will change depending on the medium's density. Hot air is less dense than cold air and will thus bend light upwards a little bit. But since air isn't static, ... | [
"You know the way light reflects off a mirror or off the water? Well, light also reflects off of air - *if* there's a layer of air that's much hotter than the layer of air below it. You know how when you look at the air above a stove and it's all wiggly? That's the air making the light bounce funny because of the c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between writing a song and producing a song? | [
"Writing is coming up with the music and lyrics. Producing a song is getting the people into a recording studio, coaching the musicians how to sing and play the song, recording them playing the different instruments, mixing the recorded audio, and possibly helping to write the song."
] | [
"My guess would be that editing a film takes a lot more time then editing a TV show."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do iur bodies put us through unpleasant things when trting to deal with sickness, i.e. fever, puking, etc. | [
"Your body is trying to rid itself of bad bacteria and whatever it was in your gut that your body has rejected"
] | [
"It if gets past the stomach in to the intestines its diarrhea, If it dosnt get past the stomach, its vomit. unless you´re really sick you dont vomit shit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do the Uk and the USA have different dates for mothers day? | [
"Mothers Day in the UK should actually (i.e. traditionally) be known as Mothering Sunday. It takes place on the fourth Sunday of Lent and was traditionally a day on which Christians were encouraged to visit their “mother church”. It has morphed into a day to celebrate mothers, but this was not the original purpose.... | [
"Why is election on weekdays instead of weekends?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why there is no international standard for electric plugs? | [
"Nobody wants to spend a shitton of money to retrofit every plug and appliance in a country. There would be absolutely no gain except for tourists not having to buy a $10 adapter."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does cold water sound different than hot water? | [
"Water, like most liquids, becomes less viscous (runnier) when it is heated. This means that it will flow more easily altering the sound."
] | [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is homeopathy and does it work? Also, is it the same as traditional chinese medicine? | [
"Homeopathy operates on the following fallacious beliefs: 1. That you can cure a disease or ailment by ingesting material which produces in a healthy person the same symptoms as the disease or ailment. That is, if you have a disease which gives you a fever, you should ingest something that would give a normal perso... | [
"It is still in question. Many studies of chiropractic treatments have had inconsistent or conflicting results. It is generally not accepted as a form of real medicine. It has much more support and acceptance than homeopathy, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
It's wildly considered that soft drinks are bad for you because of the amount of sugar in them. Are zero sugar and diet versions of the same drinks harmful as well? If so, why? | [
"Yes and no. Diet sodas are *correlated* with obesity, but do not *cause* obesity. Part of the reason sugars (and other simple carbohydrates) are bad is that they're extremely efficient at delivering calories. You digest them very quickly - and then you're hungry again. Artificial sweeteners cause the same response... | [
"The biggest reason is that it's sugar, and it's in a lot of things, and you really don't need that much sugar. It's so cheap that it gets added into things in order to improve sales, because we love sweets. There is also some concern as to how your body handles it compared to standards like honey or table sugar. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why can’t we feel our internal organs rubbing against each other ? | [
"Our organs don't have feeling and pain receptors as our skin does. If we could feel everything they did we would constantly feel them digesting. When there is a problem with our organs, our body tells us about it by making something else hurt. This is called \"deferred pain.\""
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why do PC's need fans or water cooling, and cell phones only need heat sinks? | [
"A cellphone running a game is running the game at settings that keep it within a certain thermal range, so you don't get a burnt hand, battery going pop, thermal shutdown etc & #x200B; It's quite possible to thrash a pc up to the point that it'll \"nope\" out on you due to thermals, but the amount of heat you can... | [
"You said it yourself: Pressure. Heat goes in. Pressure goes up. Heat comes out. Pressure goes down. There is an upper limit on how fast any cooling system can get heat out. If the rate at which you put heat in exceeds the rate at which you can move it out... pressure keeps building until one of two things happens:... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it when you hang clothes over a rack to dry or use the dryer, they dry soft, but if they're dried in a ball they become stiff? | [
"My clothes come out stiff if I hang-dry them. Tumble drying, even without dryer sheets or fabric softener, they come out much softer."
] | [
"Dryer, usually. Think about what happens in each machine, versus how you would do it by hand. When you wash clothes by hand, you put them in water with some laundry soap and swish them around a lot and then rinse the soap off. That is exactly what a washing machine does, so if washing stuff by hand doesn't shrink ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what phonemes are and how the differ from syllables? | [
"To make sentences so we can talk to each other we need words. To make words we need to make sounds in the proper order. All the different sounds we need to make for talking are called phonemes. Letters by themselves can be one or a few phonemes like how “c” sound sound like “s” or “k”. Vowels sounds are different... | [
"Spoken english has 44 distinct sounds. However, written english has only 26 distinct glyphs. So lots of the glyphs represent more than one sound. In most cases, each glyph represents only consonant sounds or vowel sounds. However, Y can be used to represent multiple different sounds, some of which are consonants, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do so many rappers have the name Lil on their artistic name? | [
"There's always a reason, but it changes from rapper to rapper. But we all suck at something before we're good at it. I imagine being \"Big Balla 5000\" would be tough to pull off when you can barely string together 3 bars and a rent payment. \"Lil Balla\" does a better job setting expectations in the early days.... | [
"Because they are a great market. No mortgage, car loans, grocery bills. Most teenagers' money is spent on non-necessities, including music and all the crap branded with band / singer images. When is the last time you saw an adult with a briefcase bearing an image of their favorite singer? Girls' backpacks are all ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do car engines function? | [
"[Suck, squeeze, bang, blow.](_URL_0_) You ingest air (\"suck\") that you need for combustion through the intake valve(s). You compress that air (\"squeeze\") to a high pressure. You add fuel somewhere in this process and ignite it (\"bang\"). The ensuing combustion raises the pressure to very high levels, which pu... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a pyramid scheme and why is it bad? | [
"Long story short, you pay in money in order to get a cut of future profits. For example, you pay in $15 now but you'll get $5 of every $15 from people you recruit directly. So you only need to get 4 people to start turning a profit. No one is really adding any value to anyone's lives. You're just passing the debt ... | [
"Many pyramid schemes masquerade as legitimate MLMs. The structure is identical, so just because it has that kind of structure isn't enough for the government to file charges. They need *evidence* that something illegal is happening."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do your eyes need to adjust to darkness what stops you from always being able to see in the dark | [
"When your rods are exposed to a lot of light, think of it like you drank 5 red bulls and can't sleep. They're stimulated by the light. They have to come down. There was a good Mythbusters episode about how pirates probably wore eyepatches, not because of a damaged eye, but because they wanted to have 1 eye ready f... | [
"Because your eyes adjusted to the glasses so when you take them off they have to adjust back"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does squinting help you see better? | [
"It can also restrict the amount of area that the cornea is using to gather light, increasing the depth of field for near or farsighted people, allowing them to see slightly better at ranges the normally have trouble with. Basically, the smaller the opening, the less focusing your eyes' lenses have to do. Less lig... | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are the stars in photographs taken by astronauts not visible? | [
"Nvidia did an [amazing video](_URL_0_) where they modeled the scene of an iconic photograph taken on the moon in such detail that when it's rendered, you can't tell it from the actual original photo. Then they played with the parameters in order to answer certain questions (typically posed by moon-landing deniers)... | [
"It is daylight, there is just no atmosphere to appear blue. Also all the millions of stars lighting up the space around you are there too, they just don’t seem that bright compared to the huge one in front of you, if you go to the dark side of the moon and look up apparently you can see them all, some are so far a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
How does finding gold or diamonds affect the economy? Essentially you are adding value into the economy that is unaccounted for, right? | [
"It's really not much different from any other sort of production. You're taking a large initial starting investment and using it to produce something of value. In this case \"production\" means digging, but economically it's not functionally any different than running a magic factory where people made gold. Every ... | [
"Basically if you want bananas but you live in a country where they don't grow, so you buy them (import) and bring them to your country. Another country wants strawberries which you have in abundance but can't be grown there, so you send them (export) what they want in exchange for something of value to you. That's... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Could scientist be able to stop time in a single contained space? | [
"Not with our current understanding of physics. For something to appear frozen in time from an outside perspective, that thing would need to be travelling at the speed of light. Since our current understanding of physics is that nothing with mass can reach the speed of light, we can't ever get anything other than l... | [
"It isn't possible. There is no known mechanism in physics by which you can instantly move from one spot to another spot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why when you go to court most of the judges are flat out rude and nasty? | [
"You have to understand that judges on the types of court that you’re most likely to go to are the kinds like traffic court which are filled with angry people talking about the same things and trying the same excuses, dozens or hundreds of times a day. It’s boring and frustrating for most judges, who had to work ve... | [
"Because it all comes down to money. And are we really gonna spend millions if dollars just to house a few bad cops? Idk how it is in Russia and why those cops are in jail but the cops in states deserve to go to general prison for their crimes. Some have killed innocent people for no reason what so ever"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is diesel so bad? | [
"diesels are more efficient, they in fact emit less carbon dioxide than gasoline engines. Diesel fuel contains about 12 percent more energy per gallon than ordinary gasoline, and about 16 percent more energy than gasoline that contains ethanol."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is it than when you shine a light through your fingers the light can be seen to be clearly shining through but you can't see your bone or veins? There appears to be nothing inside your finger. Why? | [
"The light doesn't actually shine through. It just goes in at a superficial level and then bounces around like crazy. The bounces ultimately do get around to the other side of your finger to some degree, but because of a series of reflections that are mostly in the surface, and not because of the light penetrating ... | [
"It's because not *all* of the light passes through the glass. Some is reflected off it otherwise you wouldn't be able to see that there was anything there at all. It's also why you can't see out through windows when it's dark outside and light inside and vice versa. So because some of the light isn't getting thro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and anatomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and anatomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
Why do birds only chirp/sing in the morning but not in the evening? | [
"As the early morning songs are most used by males to tell other males where their territory is, and to attract females, the songs are most common and loud right before sunrise in order to be energy efficient. The bird would be much better off spending daylight foraging and doing other tasks, but since they do not ... | [
"I personally raise about 60 chickens every year and about half of those are roosters. The reason they are believed to crow in the morning is that's when they see the first light and do it to assert dominance. If I were to go into my coop in the middle of the night and turn on the light they would start crowing. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it seem like corn tastes better on the cob? | [
"Probably because a lot of the time when people have corn \"off the cob\" it's either canned or frozen, while corn on the cob is almost always fresh. Of course if you can still tell a big difference between fresh corn off the cob and corn on the cob, then it's more than likely all in your head."
] | [
"They taste better? Odd, I personally think it tastes better fresh. Tends to be more crisp."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that you are able to see/perceieve light or flashes of light when you're eyes are closed in a completely dark room ? | [
"Those flashes are called phosphenes. They're often induced by pressure or other stimulus applied to the eyes, including magnetic, electrical, and radiological. The colors you see in the dark or with closed eyes are often referred to as \"Prisoner's Cinema.\" Its got a very well written wikipedia article if you'd l... | [
"Close just one eye, and note that instead of seeing blackness like you do when you close both eyes, you instead see \"nothing\" out of the closed eye. That's what a blind person would \"see\"... nothing at all. Or simply imagine that other people had a sense that you lack, such as an ability to sense magnetism. Wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a telescope capture light that is many years away? And if it zooms in on that object, is it skipping some of the time, or light, that it takes to reach the telescope? | [
"> How does a telescope capture light that is many years away? It doesn’t. It captures light that is arriving at Earth right now, emitted a long time ago by a faraway object. The telescope is the end of the light’s long journey. If a telescope zooms in, it’s changing its optics so that light from a specific directi... | [
"The only way we could see an image of the past earth would be if it were reflected back to us. If there was some gigantic mirror out in space then we could look at it to see what the Earth looked like in the distant past. But, for many reasons, this isn't practical. But, we can't directly catch up with the image o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is chewing on ice thought to be a symptom of iron deficiency or anemia? | [
"Its thought that chewing ice in anemics sends blood rushing to the brain, making them more alert. Pica (craving/chewing things that aren't food or otherwise have no nutritional value) is linked to an iron deficiency - its not totally clear why for some substances."
] | [
"That can be a symptom of dehydration, fungal infection, strep throat, and a few other illnesses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why isn't the regrowth of nerves and other key cells using stem cells not more popular or more researched if it works so well? | [
"The ethics of Stem Cells are a little fuzzy. The best Stem Cells for use in Humans come from Human Fetuses. That means harvesting cells from freshly dead babies. Any situation that leads to a researcher extracting fresh stem cells is going to stumble afoul some dark decisions by one party or the other."
] | [
"Mostly for some of the same reasons that we can't stop aging. We can slow it down, we can try to mask it but ultimately we can not stop it. It is a genetic condition rather than a disease so there isn't anything to 'kill' that would fix the problem. Its possible that with gene therapies in the near future we will ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Before the 2008 recession, Diesel fuel was always cheaper than regular unleaded(87 octane)per gallon. After/during the recession, Diesel appears to climb and average a little below Premium unleaded(97 octane), why? | [
"_URL_0_ * demand for diesel fuel in other countries remains high. * ULSD is a clean-burning diesel fuel that was gradually phased into the market between 2006 and 2010, replacing on-highway diesel fuel, known as Low Sulfur Diesel. The environmental benefits of ULSD are huge but they bring extra costs. They mentio... | [
"Different companies add different additives to the gasoline. The EPA require a minimum amount of additives that must be added. Which additives and how much determine the differences When I fill up at a Shell gas station and use the \"V Power,'' which is about 40 cents more expensive, i get about 3-4 mpg more. I fe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
CO2 level hit 415PPM for the first time in 3 millions years? What does this mean exactly? | [
"PPM means parts per million, so if you were for example to have a million cups 415 of those cups would be filled with CO2 (carbon dioxide) the remaining cups would be filled with other things. It a measure to show how much of the air is made of CO2 and that the amount is increasing to the most it’s ever been"
] | [
"One year does not a trend make on a long term global temperature graph. Therefore, this really says nothing at the moment. Come see me in a couple or 10 years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does adrenaline (epinephrine) reverse severe allergic reactions? | [
"One of the biggest dangers of anaphylaxis is extremely low blood pressure and heart rate - it starves your brain of oxygen. Adrenaline is your fight-or-flight hormone, which does precisely the opposite: increasing heart rate and blood pressure in order to deliver more oxygen faster. It also works to open the airwa... | [
"Short term sleep deprivation (a type of stress) increases the stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline, which in the short term, make you feel buoyant and happy. Chronic sleep deprivation, with chronic increase in stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline give rise to depression."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what causes the achy joints when you have a high fever? | [
"Complement cascade resulting in loads of other stuff going on in the body. It’s not the high fever that causes the achy joints...it’s the responses that infection provoked in your body to try and get rid of it"
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does UV from the sun cause skin to 'burn'? | [
"It's because the UV light carries a lot of energy, more so than visible light, which is absorbed through our skin when it \"bounces\" off us, i.e. when it is reflected it leaves the energy behind (as with visible light). Because the energy is so high, the transfer is higher, which agitates the cells in our skin. T... | [
"Dark skin is caused by melanin. When the sun hits your skin it gets absorbed by melanin and not by your skin cells. This is a good thing because if your skin cells absorb the sun it can cause damage that can possibly lead to skin cancer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes blocked noses and blocked ears? | [
"When you are sick, the walls in your nose and sinuses get inflamed and swell up. Thus blocking your nose."
] | [
"What symptoms are you talking about? Many things can cause symptoms similar to a chest cold. Allergies, dry air, dusty environments etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Medical:"
} |
Why is there a helium shortage? | [
"Its not that we're \"running out\" of helium - proven helium reserves are sufficient to last for hundreds of years and there's no reason to believe that there isn't substantially more helium in unproven reserves. And even once those reserves run out, helium is about as plentiful in the air as neon, and can be prod... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does bailing people out of jail work? | [
"Bail is only for *before* your trial. You can sit in jail or you can give the court a sum of money to hold. If you show up to your trial you get your money back. If you try to run the court keeps your money and orders you to be arrested again."
] | [
"To punish them. If they're already not making payments, putting them in a situation where they're not going to pay isn't going to mean you lose anything. Any jail is hardly the first response; you really need to mess up, bad, to go to jail for this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
what causes thunder to have a sound? | [
"It's basically a miniature explosion in the air where the lightning bolt passes. The lightning rapidly heats up air, which causes it to rapidly expand and that is what you hear."
] | [
"The do not avoid the swat, the swat pushes them away. Like a wave. It is from the lack of air going through your hand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Entomology:"
} |
Why does a healthy cell sometimes produce a cancer cell | [
"So every time your cells divide, they need to make a copy of the DNA in the cell. This process isn’t full-proof though, and errors can happen. These errors usually don’t cause problems, since small errors might not make any difference to how the cell operates. The problem comes when too many errors start to occur ... | [
"Radiation damages cells. If it damages DNA, there's a chance it will cause the cell to divide indefinitely. If you radiate a cell enough it will just plain die."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are Dead Sea Minerals and why do products advertise having them? | [
"Products will advertise any darn thing if it will entice some folks to buy the product. In the case of [Dead Sea products](_URL_0_ ), you're looking at salt, mud, and potash. These are common things used in many cosmetics, so if you need a new marketing angle, and your country is adjacent to the Dead Sea, then the... | [
"Multivitamins are a dietary supplement of what's called micro nutrients that are essential to proper body function. Now, the best way to get these would be eating food based on your body's needs, however literally hundreds of independent dietary studies have shown that this simply doesn't happen in about 92% of Am... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does our body seperate visceral fat and subcutaneous fat? | [
"Different layers of fat, and especially organs, are usually separated by fascia, which are membranes of connective tissue. Fascia pretty much helps to separate all the insides of the body."
] | [
"Because THC (the main ingredient in marijuana) is fat soluble meaning it gets stored in your adipose (fat) cells in your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do antidepressants have an impact on sexual appetite, performance, and sensations? | [
"Antidepressants cause side affects much like other medications can. Think of your body working because of a series of signals. One thing will trigger one signal to work, which will trigger another, which will trigger another. Even very simple processes while have a lot of signals being triggered to make things hap... | [
"Low serotonin levels have been linked to depression. Serotonin is an important chemical and neurotransmitter in the human body. It is believed to help regulate mood and social behavior, appetite and digestion, sleep, memory, and sexual desire and function. Here’s a definition."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does the brain develop personality? | [
"Your life is an endless set of ongoing probabilities and outcomes. This experience, channelled through a brain with a number of particular derivations established through genetics, combine to give you a unique means of interacting with the world, hence, a personality."
] | [
"The parts of the brain that control speech are different than the ones that control singing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Music:"
} |
Which evidence made us believe that dinosaurs were extinguished by a meteor? | [
"Couple of things... 1) There's a significant layer of iridium in the rock layers between the two time periods between dinosaurs and non-dinosaurs. Iridium is not common on earth but is common in meteors. 2) There's a huge meteor crater off the Yucatan Penninsula that dates to the same time as the layer of iridium.... | [
"All dinosaurs didn't die. They just lost their position of dominance due to rapidly changing climates. The species which survived evolved into contemporary avians."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What are wisdom teeth, and why do they typically get removed? | [
"Extra teeth we no longer need as we have evolved since being cavemen. They don’t need removed unless they are growing in awkward and pushing the other teeth or coming in sideways or you’re unable to keep them clean due to where they are. Our ancestors had bigger jaws than us."
] | [
"Pliers. To be fair, a lot of people just kept their teeth in if it wasn’t causing them pain. Wisdom teeth usually crowd the mouth in those who need them removed, but it would only be pulled if it was painful. Whiskey, pliers, and a few minutes will get that pain right out of your mouth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do major data centers generate enough heat to take up 3-4% of the worlds energy in cooling costs? | [
"Computers are very good at turning electricity into heat. In a data center, there's generally no way to exhaust hot air and replace it with cool air, so you need to have some sort of cooling plant/air conditioning. Computers get very pissed off if they get hot. The data center where my company has its gear had an ... | [
"Yes, also it's not just electricity, think of the water, land. Electricity can be renewable as well, its over 80% renewable here in New Zealand"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do transition glasses work? | [
"There's a material (like silver chloride) in the lens which can be in two different states. In the ground state, the material is transparent, in the energized state it's opaque. Exposing the material to the very bright light from the sun provides enough energy to transition the material from the ground state to th... | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Circumcision Performed So widely around the world by medical Professionals? | [
"Because a guy by the name of John Kellogg (yes, the guy that invented Corn Flakes) thought that performing circumcisions would reduce the likelihood that boys would want to masturbate, an activity seen as a sin and impure. Also, corn flakes were created as a bland food thought to discourage such sinful desires. Th... | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Circumcision in the US:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Circumcision in the US:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why is it so hard to move your ring finger independently? | [
"There are muscles that control the movement of your fingers. Your pointer, pinky, and thumb all have independent muscles. However, both your middle and ring finger share muscles with other fingers."
] | [
"It's so you don't need to take it out of your handbag every time you want to do something."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What really are proteins? | [
"Proteins are made up of amino acids. Our bodies can make some amino acids, but not all of them, and therefore we must get some through diet. These are dubbed \"essential amino acids.\" We can't digest all proteins in the world, you need special little biological contraptions called enzymes to break down proteins, ... | [
"Imagine you wanted to pack as much energy into your little seed as possible so the plant baby gets the best head start possible. Fat = 9 calories per gram. Protein or Carbs = 4 calories per gram. Pretty much that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does oxygen reach the brain? | [
"The red cells in your blood pick up oxygen in your lungs, then the heart pumps the blood around your body, including to the brain."
] | [
"Moves carbon dioxide out of our blood stream which makes more room for oxygen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can a 20 minute video take 5 minutes to upload onto YouTube and then the same video, take 40 minutes uploading to Google Drive? | [
"This is a good question, considering Youtube is a subsidiary of Google and all. I can't believe it has anything to do with server speeds, Google probably has the fastest servers in the whole world. I don't upload to Youtube often, but I have noticed uploading to GDrive can take quite a while for larger files."
] | [
"So, I've read a lot of the answers, most of them are saying similar things. Where does it save the vide on your computer? For example, if I have less than a GB of space left on my computer, why can I still watch a several-minute HD video on YouTube without running out of space?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why do volcanos cause lightning | [
"Lightning is really just static electricity. Volcanoes throw a lot of dust and particles into the atmosphere that rub and bump into eachother and. Get enough of that at one time and they can build up a lot of static, just like rubbing your socks on the carpet, which discharges as lightning when it get to be too mu... | [
"Because most 3rd world countries happen to be in tropical hot regions. Tropical regions have more energy which translates to more storms and hurricanes. The reality is everywhere seems to have the same amount it's just poor countries deal with the aftermath much longer. Look at the USA, tornados in the central reg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do smartphones without hardware (home) buttons ensure that a swipe (or other appropriate gesture) actually works in an instance when an app is frozen or unresponsive? | [
"Having a physical button wouldnt really solve that problem. After all, software needs to tell the phone what to do when a button is pressed. Which is really no different than interacting with your screen as far software in concerned. That's because most (all?) Physical buttons on a phone arent hard wired in like a... | [
"I have a jailbroken iphone, and my screenshot button is both volume buttons at the same time. Snapchat does not detect this as taking a screenshot, but it detects the power+home button combination as a screenshot despite it doing something different. It can be safely assumed that snapchat just checks for which but... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Do fish and insects feel pain differently? How do we know this scientifically? | [
"Feeling pain differently than humans is a tricky claim to make because pain is an element of your being. We can index it by the physical phenomena accompanying pain, but the phenomena isnt the complex emotional state itself. This leads to issues, because ultimately we don't know any way to scientifically measure t... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why sloths move so slowly, can they not move faster? | [
"Sloths have evolved to conserve energy. They simply don't have the energy reserves for sustained high speed movement."
] | [
"They can exercise, they just can't stand up and run."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
let’s say I wake up before my alarm 10 minutes early, and I decide to sneak in extra sleep. I either go back to sleep which feels like an hour when in reality only 5 minutes has passed or I sleep which feels like 5 mins when actually an hour has passed. Why does this occur? | [
"There are different stages of sleep: stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and REM. If you wake up during REM (the dreaming stage basically), your body releases a chemical that prevents you from moving, and it might not have been fully removed yet. If you don’t fully wake up i.e. hit snooze and immediately close your eyes again, you ... | [
"SIDE BAR: If you wake up 5-10 minutes before your alarm, do everything you can to get up at that moment. That's the easiest time for your body to wake up. If you try to snooz for 5 more minutes, waking up will be hell"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In the movie Intersetllar they said how one hour on the water planet was a year on Earth, so how does that actually work? I have never been able to figure it out. | [
"Time moves more slowly around immensely massive objects. If I remember correctly, the water planet was orbiting a huge star or something."
] | [
"They age at the same rate just not relative to us. If you where going 95% the speed of light then it would still take 1 year before your next birthday. However from someone that is going considerable slower you will be aging slower. by the time that your 1 year is up hundreds of years will have passed from their v... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why when cooked in baked goods, eggs can last months at room temp without spoiling. | [
"Well, getting something to 300 or 400 degrees has a very distinct effect of sterilizing things. Things that will last a long time without spoiling usually have a couple of atributes, either they have no oxygen available, or no water available. Things like crackers and some cookies have a very low moisture conte... | [
"Because it's been contaminated as soon as you open the lid. Refrigerating it will lengthen its shelf life. You could leave it out but it won't stay good as long. The fridge slows the growth of bacteria because of cool temperature. Mayo has eggs and oils in it that go bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Food Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Food Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do we see pictures in our minds? | [
"The reality is everything is constructed in out mind. Outside stimuli are processed through our senses and rendered and processed to a 'reality' by our brain."
] | [
"How can you look out your window and still see the interior of your house?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does Nietzsche think that morality arises as a symptom of a decadent society? What should we strive for instead? | [
"The time and energy required to develop and participate in the practice of morality only arises because resources are plentiful and we have the luxury for such things. Starvation, for instance can make a normally honest person a theif. In times of intense need, morality becomes flexible."
] | [
"It is a system of beliefs based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher confucius. It is based more in practical observation of the world than in any belief in some form of supernatural deity. In other words, we should act in ethical ways because it is the right thing to do and benefits society as a whole, not... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does the body crave sugary/fatty/unhealthy food when it is clearly bad for you but not healthy stuff? | [
"So the trick is that our bodies need some sugars, fats, and salts to survive. And until relatively recently, those were rare and hard to get! So, our bodies evolved over thousands of years to find salt, sugar and fat VERY tasty, so that we'd be incentivized to seek them out, to put in the effort to get those rare ... | [
"Because it doesn't take long for your body to break down the food you eat and store it or prepare it for waste. Especially if you eat a high carb meal as carbs are the fastest to break down. Once your gut is done breaking things down and sending it to your bloodstream and organs, your stomach tells your brain its ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What is the flaky stuff that forms in your eyes when you sleep? | [
"Rheum (/ˈruːm/; from Greek: ῥεῦμα rheuma 'a flowing, rheum'), also known as gound, is thin mucus naturally discharged from the eyes, nose, or mouth during sleep (cf. mucopurulent discharge).[1][2][3] Rheum dries and gathers as a crust in the corners of the eyes or the mouth, on the eyelids, or under the nose. It i... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health and Physiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What's the difference between the NYSE and NASDAQ? Isn't the nyse the market and NASDAQ just an index? | [
"The NASDAQ is a [market](_URL_2_) *and* an [index](_URL_2__Composite). The NYSE is primary known as just a [market](_URL_4_). There is an [index for the NYSE](_URL_0_), but it is not as popular as other indices like [Standard & Poors (S & P)](_URL_5_) or the [Dow Jones Industrial Average](_URL_1_)."
] | [
"These are called indexes. Basically, they take a group of stocks, combine their prices in some way, and report one number to give the overall value of that group of stocks. The idea is that they act as an analog for the direction of the stock market as a whole. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is 30 specific stock... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
in interstellar, why did gravity have an effect on how time was experienced for the crew members and those back on earth? | [
"Gravitational time dilation is consistent with Einstein's theory of ~~special~~ relativity. Put another way, the movie shows gravity affecting time because that's exactly what happens in real life: the more gravity you experience, the slower time will appear to pass for you."
] | [
"Time travel is entirely possible but at the moment only forward time travel is talked about since going back would mean we'd have to create separate universes. Time isn't a human construct, it is intertwined with the space we live in, it's called space-time and it's the fabric of the universe. Some things can bend... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does increasing the average temperature on Earth by less than 10 degrees have such a large impact? | [
"Imagine you are on a seesaw, ballancing in the very middle. Now take one step to either end and you will go down. One step isn't that much, however it is enough. Now imagine how large a step back you would have to take to get the seesaw back in ballance. With that I mean is that there is a point of no return. For... | [
"Absolutely false. The scientific consensus is that the sea level will rise a bit, and the planet could warm as much as 3.5 degrees or perhaps much less."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If a primarily coal powered city has a large uptake of home solar, say 1MW out of 4MW average usage prior to solar, how much does the generation actually go down by after accounting for cloud cover and generator wind up time? Is it 25% less or significantly less? | [
"when it's a subreddit of explain like i am 5, and you don't even understand the question :("
] | [
"The vast majority of your electricity costs all year round are used to satisfy peak demand: the highest energy usage that happens in summer for a week or two where everything is on. Adding to this would be extremely costly and require additional power plants which have a massive cost. The thing about electricity ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does being warm make us sleepy? | [
"I think it would be the association with sleeping. In my case, I grew up in a tropical area and when going to sleep, we would turn on the air conditioner. I associate cold with sleep."
] | [
"Your brain is telling your body to make room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do password managers know your password without actually knowing your password? | [
"You’re just missing a step. User creates account and enters a password. Password is irreversibly encrypted (hashed). Encrypted password is stored on server. When logging in, the password entered is also encrypted and compared to the stored encrypted password. So there’s only one way to get those to match, which is... | [
"Typically, it involves guessing the password. Or, if you've re-used the password on a site that isn't as good at security as Google or Facebook, some other site gets hacked and they try the same username/password combination elsewhere. There are two things you can do to really protect yourself. First of all, use a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a Processes Working Set? | [
"Think of it like $20 dollar bills in your pocket. Its a resource (pageable memory) that has been allocated and now quick and easy to use. If you run out, it’s gonna take some time/work to get it (hard page fault), kind of like doing another ATM transaction."
] | [
"MR is Memory Recall MC is Memory Clear M+ is Memory add M- is Memory subtract Think of them like the Copy and Paste for the Calculator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can a person digest after having the stomach completely removed because of cancer? | [
"The intestines do most of the digesting,the stomach just stores the amount of food a body can hold. So a person would have to alter their diet somewhat, and eat several small meals instead of 3 big ones, but they'd be fine"
] | [
"Go to the doctor right away. The appendix will grow and grow until it bursts, and you develop a severe immune response. There is not enough blood penetration to the appendix, and it is filled with so much crap that you would need to manually clean it out. That's a lot harder than just taking it out, and never havi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why, if the EPA says Glysophate doesn't cause cancer, does Monsanto keep losing court battles of people saying they got cancer from Roundup? | [
"Court cases are decided by a jury of your peers, and your peers are fucking morons. Same with J & J losing those talcum powder lawsuits without a shred of evidence that it causes cancer."
] | [
"There is no scientific evidence showing that GMOs as a broad category are bad for us. Even when you look at a specific GMO like Monsanto Roundup Ready corn, the few studies that seem to point to a danger have some issues that have been pointed out in other scientific papers. Then there's the angle that maybe the G... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about science:"
} |
Why does a door of a room close easier and faster, when a window of that room is opened? | [
"Air pressure. When you close a door, you are forcing air into the room (think of the door as a giant fan, or sail) with the windows closed, that air has less of a place to go, so it's harder to close the door, since that air is \"pushing back\". With the window open, the air just does out the window."
] | [
"Well, I suppose blowing directly on you? However, I have some other thoughts on this and you can't stop me from writing them here. To cool a house with a fan, open one window at one end of the house, and the doors of course, and then put a fan blowing out in a window at the other end of the house. As the warm air ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do console / pc ports seem to take so much work? | [
"Porting PC to console can have some difficulties because in general consoles are more limited. If your PC game is made for high end PCs and doesn't easily scale down to lower spec machines it would be hard to port that to consoles. There's things like reworking the controls if you don't already support gamepads. ... | [
"Probably because they seem to release consoles more and more often, the differences seem more and more minor to the average consumer, and the games are fucking expensive. I'm with you though. There really are enough differences that backwards compatibility is often not nearly as reasonable as it might seem at face... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does immunity work? | [
"Once your body learns to create the antibodies, there's always some of them floating around. This way, your body doesn't have to figure out how to create them (allowing time for symptoms); it can just immediately use the ones it has, and since it knows how to make them it can make more much more quickly."
] | [
"Can you not get an erection in space?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do birds fly in clouds and other adverse weather conditions when they can't see the ground, won't they get disoriented? | [
"Birds have little magnetic minerals in their skulls that make them sense the earts magnetic field. Thats how they dont get lost when migrating"
] | [
"Stability? The ability to glide, maybe? An example might be if the animal lives in an environment where there are poisonous snakes that may bite them. An animal without wings relies on its legs to dodge snake attacks. Perhaps an animal with wings can flutter and move away more quickly, even if it can't fly outrigh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about biology:"
} |
Why do armpits stink? | [
"Most people have a different type of gland in specific spots. Armpit, groin. The sweat here has more to it, including a protein. This protein is consumed by the normal bacteria on us, but it makes them produce a smelly by product. In much of SE Asia a mutation means they don't have those glands in most their popul... | [
"Not everyone can smell it. So, to them, their pee doesn't smell. But to those who can smell it, everyone's pee smells when they eat asparagus. (Don't ask how this was discovered.)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
With the discovery of a plastic bag near or at the bottom of the Marianna Trench - the challenger deep - How does something so lightweight get so deep against the immense pressures ? | [
"If it's denser than water it will get to the bottom eventually. Plastic is definitely denser than water. It's light mass and flowy volume means it will take a long time, but it will eventually get there."
] | [
"I think it is safe to say no, as there are active volcanos at the bottom of the ocean. If that isn't enough water to cool one down, what is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does a full circle equal 360 degrees? | [
"The 360 degree circle actually started with the base 60 number system, developed by the Mesopotamians, 6000 years ago. They then passed that on to the Egyptians, who used the base 60 numbering system to divide the circle into 6 equilateral triangles (the Egyptians loved, and I mean loved, equilateral triangles). T... | [
"Pi is the circumference of a circle when its diameter is 1. So if a circle is 1 metre across, the length of its edge is 3.14... metres."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why does putting "www" before the address matter for some sites but not others? | [
"Originally, the world wide web was just a small part of the internet. The internet included the world wide web, but it also included FTP (file transfer protocol), e-mail (okay, we still have that), Usenet (bulletin boards), and more. So, if you buy a domain, say _URL_1_, then you would put your webpage on _URL_0_,... | [
"Any computer (even the one at your house) can be a server. Server just means it has a service that can be accessed by other devices/computers. For example, your web browser goes out of your machine on port 80 (ip address:80). When it gets to the IP address of the website you want to go to, it's talking to that ser... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do you sometimes see strong flashes of color when you shut your eyes? | [
"called Phosphenes. caused by pressure in your eyeball that cause the retina to react and fire off a few false signals to your brain."
] | [
"> What are these red dots? They are red blood cells zipping through the tiny capillaries on the surface of your retina. Usually our brains filter them out as noise but sometimes we can see them such as when our brains haven't adapted yet or when we trick it by looking into a featureless blue sky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
why does carbonating water, then letting it go flat change the flavor of the water? | [
"When you carbonate water (H2O), you add carbon dioxide (CO2). This combination allows carbonic acid (H2CO3) to form in the liquid, which changes its flavor. So even when a lot of the CO2 leaves the water as bubbles, some of it is staying in the water long enough to alter its composition and change its flavor as ca... | [
"Some water is \"oxygenated\" from the plant from which it is made. It has extra oxygen atoms suspended in solution. Water doesnt really expire, it more or less goes stale. Its why you have a bubbler in a fish tank. Fish would use up all the oxygen in the water. I know it sounds odd, gasses being suspended in liqui... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Scientifically, how does a person have an allergy to something, and what occurs in their body during an allergic reaction? | [
"An allergy occurs when a normally harmless substance, called an allergen, is recognized by the body as an invader ,like a bacteria, and the body over reacts with its immune response. The exact response can depend on the allergen and how it enters the body. Hives usually occur from skin contact, runny nose and snee... | [
"Every allergy is just the immune system failing to recognize a foreign body as harmless, or at least thinking that a foreign substance is harmful when it actually isn’t . That‘s why there‘s an inflammatory response if you eat something you’re allergic to; it‘s the same as when your immune system fights bacteria an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is that when we experience a blow to the head we “see stars”? | [
"that's shock, which can result in a rapid lowering of blood pressure, so as to mitigate bleeding out if you were injured. that lowering of blood pressure can make you pass out, or see stars, or essentially feel dazed. It also might have to do with brain injury if the blow was bad enough."
] | [
"Because we most often remember things we were dreaming when awakened suddenly, big things happen all the time in your dreams, you just don't remember most of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can we distinguish where the sound comes from? Between left and right is really obvious by timing. But between front and back, or up? | [
"The shape of our ears. Our ears are angled slightly foreward meaning that is we can tell front to back, and the ridges in the ear allow us to tell up from down."
] | [
"It can't. It can use mixtures of intensity and delay between speakers to give a 180° degree coverage of sound (from your left to in front of you to your right) but it is impossible for it to make it sound as if it is coming from behind you. What is most likely happening is that it is just playing the audio, and si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does captcha work exactly and what is it supposed to accomplish? | [
"Websites use captcha schemes to separate human users from simple computing users. Because humans can do some things easily while same task is harder on computer. At same time, new AI algorithms are solving what we're previously hard computing problems. As AIs grows in capability, captcha teams have to find new ... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do video game console makers lose money from consoles regardless of success and popularity? | [
"Because consoles are almost always sold at a loss. Making and marketing a home video game console is pretty damn expensive, and nobody expects to actually make a profit on the console. The point of the console is to get you into their game/media environment. Because games are basically all profit for the console m... | [
"Games are able to be heavily optimized for consoles since the hardware that will be used is predictable. Allowing upgrades like this would mean that people would have all different varieties of hardware in their consoles, so the games could not be specifically optimized for hardware. This would basically defeat th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does a woman's testosterone level increase after alcohol consumption, but a man's testosterone level decrease? | [
"Men have testicles, women have ovaries. Normal function is reduced by alcohol consumption, and abnormal function is increased."
] | [
"Because they have started to produce less estrogen. Estrogen is itself a steroid hormone, and it readily gets converted into other steroid hormones like testosterone, so high estrogen levels are generally associated with higher metabolic rates. When the estrogen level dramatically drops for menopause, the overall ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans not go into heat/a mating season? | [
"We aren't wired that way. In case you haven't noticed our females ovulate (release an egg into the uterus) about once every 30 days or so. We don't have a \"season\" because we're *always in one*. Any month of the year a woman can get pregnant (and they do!)."
] | [
"Because it's not the same blood. Women's bleeding gets rid of the lining of their uterus as part of the menstrual cycle. Animal bleeding happens as a result of the hormone shift when they go into heat, which is called the estrous cycle. Some other primates menstruate like people do, but most don't. edit: seriously... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why sometimes some coins are worth more than their original value? | [
"Two reasons. First, because, sometimes, the value of the metal in the coin becomes higher than the coin itself. That's why U.S. pennies are not made out of pure copper anymore. Second, and more importantly, because people are interested in coins and collect them. Rarity comes into play. I have a mason jar full of ... | [
"Generally, commodities like gold and silver can be a less volatile market than stocks or currency. However, most of these commercials are scams. Especially for buying coins. The amount of gold they have in them is tiny. like less than $1 worth of gold in a coin that costs $20."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
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