query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does 24 FPS look fine for films and television, but looks terrible for video games? | [
"Movie frames are formed by a camera with an aperture being open for a period of time. This means there is “motion blur” as things move across the frame while the shutter is open. In contrast the computer is calculating a single instant in time. There is no movement so everything is crisp and clear, but on the othe... | [
"Soap operas tend to be filmed on video with no post-processing to speak of, so the feeling is similar to news shows, reality shows, etc. They are also filmed in higher frame rates which, as it turns out, makes them seem less cinematic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What happens when there isn't enough electricity on the grid? | [
"There can be \"brown-outs\" where the voltage is lower than normal. Lights will dim and some appliances won't work or could even be damaged. & #x200B; Rolling black-outs are another possibility, where the utility actually shuts down portions of the grid to allow the power they do have to serve a smaller area. The... | [
"Because in a lot of places, like where I live, there is literally not an alternative to Comcast."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Who is James Charles and why's everyone on social media talking about him? | [
"James Charles is an internet personality who has attracted all kinds of controversies ever since February 2017. He's openly gay, and thanks to his work on the internet, he has a net worth of several million dollars. More recently in May 2019, long-time collaborator Tati Westbrook uploaded a 43-minute long video in... | [
"I don't know what you're talking about I see obese people being made fun of all the time. Hell, there was just a whole controversy about Reddit shutting down a sub dedicated specifically to that purpose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does somebody take a video first person view, but when they look in a mirror, they don’t see the camera? | [
"Can you explain what you mean or provide an example? Mirror shots are usually filmed at specific angles to hide the camera, use sets with duplicate rooms on either side of a false mirror, or digitally erase the mirror in post."
] | [
"This is controllable in software. Some manufacturers want it to take a mirrored picture so that users don't get confused when looking at themselves -- users *expect* the phone to work like a handheld mirror."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
that phantom hat feeling long after you've taken a hat off? | [
"I’m actually not sure how this one works but it gonna take a crack at it anyways. The hat doesn’t actually ever touch your head but you instead feel it through your hairs. If you take the hat off but your hair is in the same position as when it was on, your scalp will have no way of telling. This is why when I qui... | [
"They chafe against your shirt, they can even bleed. I didnt really take that seriously until I ran my first half marathon. It is a thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did engineers figure out trajectories needed to get to the moon? | [
"> It’s not like they can just point the rocket at the moon and blast off. You're right. They know how big Earth is and how fast it's moving, and they know the same about the moon. All that's left is to figure out where each will be at a certain time to get the payload (lander, shuttle, or whatever) from Earth to ... | [
"The space station is currently used for conducting experiments in micro gravity. But it can also be used as a checkpoint for longer missions that require heavy payloads. For example: if we want to send a ship to the moon we can send the ship without fuel to the ISS (International Space Station) and then send the f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do laptops use mWh instead of mAh? | [
"All phones use single 3.7V lithium ion cells. Laptops often use multiple cells in series so they can have voltages other than just 3.7V. Listing in mAh for phones is fair since everything runs at the same voltage but listing in mAh for laptops would have deceptive results. Which is better a 15000 mAh battery or an... | [
"Because power is current * voltage. An iPhone battery puts out ~3.8V, while a Macbook battery is about 11V (this is for older generations, I'm not sure what the 4th gen uses). This means the iPhone stores about 11Whr of power, while the Macbook tends to store like 50-80Whr depending on the specific model."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can’t we text using bold, italics, or underlines? | [
"The SMS service standard simply doesn’t allow for “markup” as, for example, HTML does for the web. It was invented at a time when phones only had numeric buttons. You could just start using a markup standard but it would be confusing for the many older phones that didn’t understand and presented things like < b > ... | [
"The moderator green color (in the OP, not in the comments) is almost the same color as the text, so you can't see the name when they post without highlighting or hovering over. Also, there's not enough contrast between viewed links and unviewed links. Other than that, it's nice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
- If some company were to start selling EpiPens at $100 instead of $600 would they not make tons of money from the millions of people wanting to only buy from them? | [
"Theoretically, yes. The medication is not patented, but \"EpiPens\" are. Competitors have been unable to succeed with alternatives and Mylan (the company responsible) holds strict rights over EpiPen production. The monopoly is what allows Mylan to jack up the price. If someone developed a similar and effective inj... | [
"It's not regulated. It's basically whatever the company thinks they can get while the patent is in force. I was reading an article about a cholesterol drug. They were making over $1 billion per year from the drug before the patent expired. That dropped to under $10 million per year after generics became available.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What makes a male’s voice relatively low and a female’s voice relatively high? | [
"Exposure to testosterone during puberty causes male vocal cords to become longer and thicker relative to those of females, which causes their voices to be much lower. Though a male’s low voice serves almost as an “advertisement” for his testosterone levels, making him more appealing to a potential female mate, evi... | [
"The same reason that some people get taller and some don't. The same reason some people have darker skin than others. Simply put- we're born that way. Now of course, it's not that black and white. People can do vocal exercises to increase the amount of notes they can sing (called increasing their \"range\"). Howev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do almost all living creatures need water to survive? Why not some other liquid? | [
"Water is a very good solvent. It's just handy to dissolve O2 and the minerals we need to live."
] | [
"I'm not sure I know what a non-living organism is. But to answer the question, most life on Earth needs pretty much the same stuff to survive. Certain chemical compounds, namely fats, proteins, and carbs, are used to create the energy we need to power our cells and stay alive. So where would one animal find somet... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it easier to get off a push bike and walk up a hill, rather than riding up the hill? | [
"Gears, or lack thereof. Essentially, you get better leverage on the hill with your legs than with the relatively short pedals. But if you have enough gears to increase your leverage, it’s no effort at all, just slow."
] | [
"It is illegal to cycle on the sidewalk in most places. This is because bikes can go surprising fast, and people walking out of shops getting hit by cyclists can end up dying. Another reason is the cyclist could be tired from having cycled a lot earlier, or injured. The bike could be broken and they are taking it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how does Parts per million work (PPM) and how does 425 ppm carbon dioxide change the temperature so much? | [
"Parts per million are just like a percentage, you just use bigger numbers. One percent is 1 part out of 100, a PPM is one part out of 1,000,000. This means 425 PPM is 0.0425%"
] | [
"When fat is converted to sugar, the sugar is then broken down to reduce (read:energize) ADP into ATP. This is the molecule that is responsible for delivering the necessary energy to almost all of your body's processes. After the bond energy of the sugar is used to reduce ADP, the sugar, with the help of oxygen, en... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is there light in a closed box? | [
"The light would bounce around in on the walls in the box. Every time a bounce occurs, most of the light's energy is transferred to heat in the walls. And since the light moves at the speed of light, it will very quickly bounce many times, and all of its energy will be absorbed by the box in the form of heat. It wi... | [
"Is this how the light in the fridge works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Physics:"
} |
how hard is it for companies to evade US and Chinese tariffs by selling to intermediaries in third countries? | [
"Not that hard, but doing it on a large scale is difficult to conceal and runs the risk of pissing off regulators who have a big hammer and the incentive to bring it down and make an example."
] | [
"Because some people only want oranges. If you are buying something from china you need to pay in yuan, just as you need to use USD for the US. Having a stockpile of foreign currency allows nations to ensure their companies (and themselves) arent screwed over by third party money changers. You keep apples to trade ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are sloths so slow? Are they physically incapable of moving quickly? Mentally incapable of thinking about moving quickly? I just don't get it. | [
"Slow metabolism due to low calorie food source. Moving slow conserves energy and there isnt much energy to spare, so moving slow is pretty important to survival. Even their heart rate is slow. Interestingly, if they ever got into a situation where they need to swim - apparently they swim a bit faster! Think of it ... | [
"It might be better now, when faced with modern dangers, but the instinct was developed back when fighting or running was the appropriate response. What do you do when a 50 pound carnivore jumps out of the brush and rushes you? Fight it or run away, there isn't time to reason things out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:"
} |
Why do our eyes come out as red when we're in certain photos? | [
"This is the result of light reflecting off the retina at the back of your eyes. This is why it's most prevalent when the flash is used. Red-eye reduction works by firing the flash once before the picture is taken in order to cause your irises to close in reaction to the bright light, exposing less of the retina."
... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does earth's gravity cause us to be dragged to the earth's surface, and why does the gravitation of the sun not cause the celestial bodies to be swallowed by the sun through it's gravity? | [
"Gravity itself is actually considered a fairly weak force, we are dragged to the surface by the force of gravity (Force=Mass * Acceleration, acceleration in the sense of gravity is 9.81m/s^2) but we have developed to be strong enough to over power it. The earth is actually moving away from the sun rather than towa... | [
"Every object that has mass, has a gravitational pull. So if the Earth were to explode into pieces, all the pieces would still exert their own gravitational pulls towards their own individual centres of gravity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
when someone has a mental health issue like scizephrenia, why do the voices in their head always tell them to do messed up stuff? Why doesnt the voice sometimes just like remind them to floss and stuff. | [
"They don't always tell them to do bad things. I had a friend who used to tune out mid conversation, lean out of our group, and start having a friendly conversation with \"Medusa\". He said she had power over him, but usually she just wanted to be a friend."
] | [
"I definately have experienced this and ive talked to many other people who have as well. Ive even heard it refferred to in a book, i cant remember the book at all unfortunately. I remember character used the phrase \"i have to pee so bad my teeth are floating\" or something to that effect. Ur def not alone dude"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do Soaps/hand sanitizers that kill 99.9% germs also kill off good germs? Is it good to use often? | [
"Hand sanitizes are basically pure alcohol, sometimes with some fragrance added. One of the properties of alcohol is that it dissolves lipids (fats), which is also found in bacteria. Basically, hand sanitizes dissolves parts of bacteria and kills them. It has no way to distinguish between \"good\" and \"bad\" germs... | [
"Soap is not really antibacterial. But bacteria survives in the oils and dirt on your skin, which soap and water removes, along with most bacteria. This mechanism is not something that a strain of bacteria can develop resistance to, as much as it cannot become resistant to alcohol or high temperatures. There are so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
why do things get darker when they get wet? | [
"Color is caused by light. When things are wet light doesn't bounce off of them as effectively."
] | [
"Slightly offtopic, but why do my eyes leak when I yawn?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Is the US going to war with Iran? | [
"You think the people in charge of our government have a cogent plan they're going to stick to? The Joint Chiefs of Staff probably know the answer to this as well as I do. But we do have some world-class warmongers making some high-level decisions right now"
] | [
"They were hoping to cripple the US Navy and scare the US into not entering the war."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
In movies a situation is often portrayed where founder/owner of a company is fired. Is this accurate to the real world? | [
"There are two ways that an owner/founder could be fired from being the CEO. 1. They sell more than 50% of the company to investors and the majority shareholders vote them out. 2. The company is created with a rule that the board of directors can vote out the CEO regardless of ownership, and the people on the boar... | [
"Generally, a board of directors provides oversight. So, if the head decision maker (the CEO) was in charge of the body that was responsible for making sure he is doing his job correctly there might be a slight conflict of interest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come the food we eat does not set off our gag reflex, even though it goes further and is bigger than something like a toothbrush that sets off the gag reflex? | [
"If your tongue is not in contact with the top of your mouth it can elicit a gag reflex. The tongue is a muscle and the base extends pretty far down the throat. It needs to work in unison and create a seal in order to allow swallowing to occur. It's why you gag on a toothbrush, or why kids gag on pills, or why you... | [
"It gives you the chance to hold something and breath without swallowing. Imagine if the substance was blood, poison, or saltwater: would you really want to swallow? By the same token, say your mouth is full of water and you try to breathe through your nose; do you want that water going into your lungs? It's all to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What happens if Roe vs Wade is overturned? | [
"If Roe V Wade is overturned--depending on the details of the decision--the states would presumably be free to set their own individual laws regarding abortion, including banning it. This will, inevitably, lead to the deaths of many women who will still attempt to get abortions, but who now have to do it in unsafe... | [
"The US Supreme Court has ruled that the constitution gives every same-sex couple the right to marry, no matter what state they live in. There are only two things that could overturn that decision. The first is a constitutional amendment. The second is a new Supreme Court decision where the justices change their mi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
where does candle wax go when it melts away? | [
"It doesn't actually melt away but instead reacts with the oxygen in the air. While it burns it is turned to mostly water and Carbondioxide. Carbondioxide is a colorless gas that is still in the room after the candle is burnt up and water vapor also raises the air's humidity and doesn't just disappear . It's all st... | [
"caution. hot coffee is hot. caution. ice is cold. caution. flashlight is bright. you can't fix stupid."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does cracking two eggs against each other only one breaks? | [
"The eggshell shape is strong like a dome on a building but only if it is complete. So the first one to get a crack loses the strength to break the other and crumbles instead."
] | [
"Separating an egg is easy. You can even do it with your hands. They just have machines that crack eggs and slide the eggs down a chute. Theres a crack in the chute where the whites fall through but the yolk is too big to fall through. They probably use the yolk in another product they sell or they sell it to anoth... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do people uncover vulnerable mistakes in chips or software? | [
"There isn’t a set method to uncover vulnerabilities, people typically start with how they think something works. The guess could be right, or it could be wrong. Sometimes these implementations have side effects that either went unnoticed, or was decided to be rare enough to not bother fixing it. These side effects... | [
"Monitor and dig thru data from specialized tools to catch bad guys doing bad things in your network."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
For languages that use characters (i.e. Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, Japanese, etc.), do they have autocorrect on their phones? How are words misspelled? For reference I'm native English speaker. | [
"Korean uses letters. Japanese uses a mix of letters and modified Chinese characters. Cantonese and Mandarin use the same written language: Chinese. There are multiple types of Chinese keyboards. The most common type requires typing out the phonetics of the characters you want. The keyboard then gives you a selecti... | [
"I bet it translates Japanese to Korean better than Japanese to English. The difference being similarity in grammar structures, I'd guess."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Language and Translation:"
} |
Why are drinks shaken not stirred? | [
"A shaken drink (shaken with ice) will be colder and a little more watered down than a stirred drink, as more ice will melt faster than the same drink stirred. But Bond does it because he’s a sexy beast and it sounds cool."
] | [
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Does Google Pixel's Image Processing Software Work? | [
"Here's a [blog by Google](_URL_0_) that explains how Night Sight works specifically. And here's [a more in-depth article](_URL_1_) that is less ELI5. In summary: If the phone is still, and the subject isn't moving, the camera just has a longer exposure. If the phone is shaking or there is movement in the shot, th... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do Ice cubes make that cool cracking sound when you put them in hot (and maybe cold) water? | [
"Its called thermal shock. When you expose a surface to another surface with an opposite temperature. It causes surface stress; propagating cracks (which you hear)"
] | [
"All drinks will explode in the freezer if there isn't enough room for the water in them to expand when it turns to ice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is WPS insecure? | [
"the button doesn't turn WPS on, it turns on the broadcasting of the pin. you can brute force the pin whenever you want as long as WPS is enabled."
] | [
"What do you mean, \"allowed\"? Why would the default be not allowing it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
I just read SanDisk is selling 1TB microSD card. How do they fit so much storage into something so small. Will there ever be a limit to how much they can fit into a microSD? | [
"There was a similar question a day or so ago about how storage capacity increases but the size of the object remains the same. A TL;DR of my answer: As technology progresses, the components that represent the data get smaller and smaller. The smaller the components get, the more of them you can fit into the same a... | [
"A HHD is a physical metal disk that spins and information is stored by magnetism. A SSD is essentially the same as a usb stick. The information is stored on a microchip. The reason why it's more expensive is simply because it's more expensive to make the chips than it is to make the disks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do the mints put the date on coins? | [
"When worn or damaged coins are taken out of circulation, it's helpful to know how long they've been around, in order to plan coining volume for the future to keep the amount in circulation steady or growing. Governments also have the right to declare money older than a certain date no longer legal tender, the dat... | [
"Mints almost constantly print money. The average life-span of a dollar bill is like six months, when a bill gets too ragged, and assuming it makes it's way to a bank, the bank will take the ragged dollar bill and put it in a separate stack. After there are enough in the separate stack, the bank calls the Treasury ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can a species be ‘functionally extinct’ if it has a population of 80,000? | [
"When you google it you will see. Functional extinction is the extinction of a species or other taxon such that: It disappears from the fossil record, or historic reports of its existence cease; The reduced population no longer plays a significant role in ecosystem function; or. The population is no longer viable."... | [
"You can't prove an animal is extinct. Biologists tend to agree that an animal is extinct when there are no known specimens in captivity and when it has not been observed in its natural range for a long time, despite opportunity to do so. Sometimes they're wrong, and it turns out the animal still exists somewhere."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What happened in your brain if you abruptly and permanently forget something you've known for years, e.g. PIN number used daily | [
"Never heard if it being permanent without some other failure in the brain. But temporarily forgetting something you otherwise use regularly is relatively common. Often this is because you've used it so often, you've put it into muscle memory, pushing that information to a different part of the brain. This shortcut... | [
"your long term memory can store information indefinitely, unlike your short term memory. And if you frequently revisit that memory, it makes it more likely that you will continue to remember it. That's why people who are 80 years old can still remember events like birthdays or weddings even if they happened decade... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
Why can you donate plasma weekly but must wait 8-12 weeks for whole blood donations? | [
"Replacing the blood cells is a much slower and more complicated bodily process than replacing the juice. You can crank out the plasma in a few days. The turn time on blood cells is more like 30 days."
] | [
"O-type blood provides a bit of resistance to malaria. Also, some blood types are much more valuable for blood donation. O- blood can be donated to 100% of the U.S. population, and O+ blood can be donated to 84%, so people with those blood types are encouraged to donate blood as much as they can. On the other hand,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How eating less red meat helps the environment | [
"Livestock requires a large amount of food and water to raise. For most large-scale production, this means it has to be produced elsewhere and shipped in. The environmental impact of all that feed production and shipping is quite substantial. Not to mention other factors such as methane emissions directly from the ... | [
"Don't have children. Reducing the number of humans is a sure fire way to reduce humans impact on the planet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When an artificial body part is made with a 3D printer, what is it made of? | [
"Depends on the printer and the part, I suppose bone replacements can be made out of metal, and 3D printed sintered titanium is probably biocompatible, I don't know if anyone is really using it for implants though. Most of the more interesting things you see in the news, they are 3D printing using collagen and then... | [
"Imagine you melt plastic and put a structure you want together molten blob by molten blob. The 3D-Printer has a mechanism to very precisely put those blobs next to each other and above each other in layers. That forms whatever structure you told the computer (a 3D model) to create."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
On how Irreducible Complexity would disprove Darwinism (aka Natural Selection)? | [
"They say some body structures/organs/molecular pathways are so complex that they couldn't have formed gradually, while evolution states life started (relatively) simple and complex structures grew through mutations and natural selection.. They eye is often used: It is so complex they say it wouldn't work if you ch... | [
"A lot of people are believing that Agnostic is a separate state like Atheist or Theist, but it's not. Agnostic is an adjective. Here is a simple table. Gnostic Theist - There IS a god Agnostic Theist - There probably is a god Agnostic Atheist - There probably isn't a god (AKA most atheists, including me) Gnostic A... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did manufacturing and inspection accuracy get to where it is today? | [
"The main concept is the idea of subdivision. Generally it is much easier to mechanically divide some physical quantity into equal parts (using some kind of rotating or balancing device) than to measure it in an absolute sense. This can be used to make more precise measuring tools. Let's say you can measure an abs... | [
"In many cases, the old saying \"You get what you pay for\" applies. Some companies are actually moving back to the United States because they have found that the quality of work they're getting overseas isn't up to their expectations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If viruses aren’t living organisms what are they? | [
"Its complicated. they have many traits that life does have, but lack other vital ones. Ultimately, what they are is an example of why our current system of describing things as alive or not is fundamentally flawed."
] | [
"Yes, they can \"get sick.\" There are many viruses which specifically infect bacteria which are collectively called bacteriophages. Also, a cell, just like our big collection of cells, can just generally run into problems or get damaged. It's not just they're alive or they're dead. Bacteria can't really have aller... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and Medicine:"
} |
Why did made in china toy phones play the same song? | [
"The usual reason for the similarity is down to using the same sound chip or a copy of it. The reason that particular song was originally chosen is probably because it was popular at the time."
] | [
"Yup for the money. Older seem less annoyed by it. My gf dad love to play those health tip videos with robot voice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are our bodies only trained to do stuff with either our left or right hand in MOST cases? | [
"Because you only train yourself to only do things with either your left or right hand in most cases. Motor memory takes time to build up, so from an efficiency standpoint it makes sense to learn to do something with one hand more than the other. As you do this, one hand builds up more overall dexterity than the ot... | [
"My understanding is that we're super adaptive and good at a lot of different things in general. We're generalized, not specialized. That's why we lack more specialized stuff like poison and shells, haha."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about biology:"
} |
Why does seafood spoil so fast? | [
"Well oysters and other shellfish are typically alive until they are cooked or prepared for consumption. You don't eat mussels that did not open up during cooking. If it was dead, you don't know how long ago it died, and began to decay. A chicken breast, or chunk of pork meat is dead, and when it was processed, th... | [
"You can eat raw food, but it has to be right after the kill, otherwise bacteria begins to spoil it quickly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How is the recent ruling regarding abortion in Alabama designed to overturn Roe V. Wade? | [
"I read one legal analysis that said that the lack of an exception for rape and incest was intentional. According to the analysis, Roe v Wade considered it wrong to ask a women how she got pregnant (that is a right to privacy issue), and used this as one of the reasons to make abortion legal, as opposed to situatio... | [
"So this is less about them being able to and more about them getting to challenge the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v Wade. Basically, these new laws are guaranteed to be challenged in federal court and will certainly make it all the way to the Supreme Court where these Republicans are hoping the conservative m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it that when looking at microscopic things, they always look two dimensional | [
"because the gap between in focus and out of focus is a really thin 2d plane, and you can only clearly see things in that area"
] | [
"Yes, that is what they look like. However, due to the fact that electron microscopes only capture black and white, the first picture was actually colorized by an artist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If antiboitics destroy bacteria and probiotics are supposed to give you good bacteria, why do they not effectively cancel each other out if you take both at the same time? | [
"Antibiotics and probiotics will actually cancel each other out that's why all probiotics have a warning on them to take them 2-3 hours after you've taken antibiotics. If you are asking why they can be taken in the same day if you give the antibiotics enough time to make it out of your stomach and into your blood ... | [
"Different antibiotics work in different ways to target different bacteria. For instance, one major family (I forget which, but I want to say beta-lactams) interrupts the formation of new cell walls; so basically when a bacteria tries to reproduce and divide, it falls apart. As for how to improve your immune system... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What do/did sail boats do when the wind is blowing the wrong way? | [
"They zigzag in the general direction. They cannot head straight into the wind as they would be blown backward. So, they use the rudder (flappy part in the water) to steer the hull (the ‘boat’ part) to the left or right of the direction the wind is coming from. This gives some pushback against the wind. Next, they... | [
"Definitely not an expert, but I think the pilot just has to raise and lower the craft until he finds a crosswind that takes him the (general) direction he wants to go. I'm sure there are times when that can't be accomplished at all, so they just go with the flow and see where it takes them. As long as they don't ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How was ignition timing and air:fuel ratio controlled before ECUs? | [
"You need a carburetor, 2 coils and some sort of crank trigger. The carburetor handles the air fuel ratio. Just suck air in and the air will have the proper air/fuel ratio. The carb should also have an accelerator pump to shoot extra fuel into the carb when jumping on the gas. Lots of good used carbs available. Fue... | [
"They use a fuel injector, which does the same job. The main difference is a carburetor relies on vacuum to draw fuel into the combustion chamber, while a fuel injector uses pressure to push it in. Fuel injectors also lend themselves better to electronic control, which allows them to use fuel more efficiently with ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are bicycles able to stay upright when moving, and not while stationary? | [
"Aha I know this one! The bike wheels are acting like gyroscopes, the spinning keeps the wheels moving forward and as long as they're spinning it'll stay upright because the energy required to knock it over is *more* than the energy needed to keep it upright. This is why when you push a bike, say down a hill, it'l... | [
"Here is an analogy: Rotate the tires on a bicycle so that the inner tube nozzles are aligned in some way, such as both of them pointing up. As you ride the bike around, you will have no idea where the nozzles are pointing because you can't see them as you ride. As soon as you stop the bike and measure one tire, yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does a digital thermometer measure the temperature? | [
"There are a number of different types of electrical temperature sensor. One of the most common, robust and cheap is the thermistor which changes electrical resistance with temperature. That is used in a circuit which gives an output to drive the display depending on that resistance. Other types, more used in scien... | [
"The laser is just for aiming purposes, it doesn’t actually participate in the temperature measurement. As for the infra red, all bodies which contain heat emit infrared radiation. The warmer something is, the more it radiates. There are infrared sensors that can measure this radiation and calculate the correspondi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science and Technology:"
} |
How does radiation poisoning work? | [
"Exposure to radiation damages the DNA in cells, which makes it impossible for them to properly reproduce, or in very large amounts, kills them outright. Because moderate to severe damage impedes cellular reproduction, the effects are most pronounced in cells that reproduce rapidly like in the gut, bone marrow, and... | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why Do Wolves Howl In Unison? | [
"Wolves howling in unison could have many different meanings but put simply, it’s still just their form of communicating... Sometimes it’s between a member of their pack that has been lost or sometimes it could also signify to other wolves that the area the pack are howling in is their territory thus, other wolves ... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How is a water molecule shaped like it is? Since oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the 2 hydrogens are positively-charged. Therefore, shouldn't they repel each other giving water a molecular structure similar to carbon dioxide? The charges would then cancel. So how is water polar? | [
"There are two additional electron pairs on the oxygen. So two hydrogen's and two electron pairs forces a tetrahedron structure. Carbon dioxide is linear because there are no additional electron pairs."
] | [
"The state of any given material is based mainly on the interaction between two different things: The amount of energy in a given amount of the substance, and the strength of the attraction between the molecules/atoms of the substance. The stronger the attraction between molecules, the more likely it will be in liq... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why isn’t possible for all cars to move in unison when a red light turns green instead of seeing a green light and having to wait a few seconds before you can move? | [
"It's to do with the spaces between the cars. At the lights there's only a small gap, and if all the cars started together then the gap wouldn't grow and if someone hits the breaks there would be an accident. By waiting a second for the car in front to move, you create a safe gap between your car and the car in fro... | [
"They have stop signs or traffic directors. In any city where electricity goes out you treat all intersections as a 4 way stop. If you want to speed up the traffic flow you put a person in the middle who will direct cars to come until the other lanes traffic builds up they then direct the first lane to stop and the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How can I make sense of classical music hierarchy and structure (such as "Opus no. and Symphony no.)? | [
"An opus is just another word for \"work\". irrespective of kind of wok it is (a song, a quartet for violin, a piece for piano or whatever). So the first known work for a composer is \"opus 1\", the second one is \"opus 2\", and so on. Symphonies are a special kind of works, namely for a Orchestra. All the instrume... | [
"It stands for Opus, which means 'work' in Latin. So Op. 11 means the 11th 'work' of a composer. They are often used to distinguish works under a similar title"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What’s the difference between jelly and jam? | [
"Jelly is a gelatinous spread produced from fruit juice. Jam is a a gelatinous spread produced from pureed fruit. Preserves is a gelatinous spread produced from pureed and smashed fruit having chunks of fruit in it. Marmalade is a specific kind of Preserves made from citrus fruit involving a significant amount of... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can sundials also give information about month? | [
"An [Armillary Sphere](_URL_1_) does what you’re thinking of. It’s an oriented sundial that will display both clock time and months and seasons. [the various rings and their use](_URL_0_) are explained in this link."
] | [
"Since there are often times when you can't tell where in the sky the sun is located, using an arbitrary system that roughly correlates to the rotation of the earth (days and hours) is a more usable system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are penis vein patterns so different from penis to penis? | [
"Everybody's veins are a little bit different. The same can be said for iris and retina patterns, and for prints from the nose, lips, tongue, and ears besides fingers and feet."
] | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
How are there so many drugs in prisons? | [
"I work in a jail and tbh a lot of contraband is brought in by officers. Maybe some trustees."
] | [
"Is the United States the only country in the world allowed to advertise prescription drugs on TV?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is happening to your skin when itchiness occurs? | [
"Your body releases a chemical in the area that stimulates the nerve endings in a way that triggers the desire to scratch that spot. This is in response to the presence of something foreign that needs to be removed. I think that’s it but I’m a moron so I am also probably very wrong."
] | [
"There is blood running through your body. When one part gets cold, it all does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what makes coffee and tea decaf as opposed to full of caffeine? | [
"Decaffeinated tea and coffee use various methods to remove the caffeine. One of the methods just uses water - the caffeine dissolves easily into the water, and then other solvents can remove the caffeine from the water. Of course, the water also contains the chemicals that make it taste like coffee, so the caffein... | [
"Probably because they like the taste, but don't like the effects of caffeine. Btw, an espresso contains less caffeine than a normal cup of coffee. Imo it tastes way better as well, much sweeter and earthier than bitter drip coffee."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why is tipping a thing in some countries but not others? | [
"Because in the US they wanted to not pay black workers after the civil war. So they started tipping. It is, and always has been, nothing more than an excuse to not pay people properly."
] | [
"Asian colleges offer better deals for international students and some have English language programs. Some are so desperate that free rides are common. Go check them out in Korea or China. Unfortunately most people prefer europe and ignore other regions because they assume fluency in the local language is a requir... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
According to theories surrounding the big bang and specifically the moments afterwards, only a small, tiny percentage of matter would go on to form the stuff in the observable universe. What became of the missing majority of matter? | [
"> The conservation of mass only holds approximately and is considered part of a series of assumptions coming from [classical mechanics](_URL_3_). The law has to be modified to comply with the laws of [quantum mechanics](_URL_1_)and [special relativity](_URL_7_) under the principle of [mass-energy equivalence](_URL... | [
"The first thing that needs to be clear is that everything in the universe is as old as the universe. All matter that makes up everything theoretically existed during the big bang and the dawn of time, what makes the majority of matter different today is what its combined with or split apart from. The formation of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about astronomy:"
} |
How are individual states able to make abortion illegal after the US Supreme court rulled that banning abortions was unconstitutional back in 1973..? | [
"So this is less about them being able to and more about them getting to challenge the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v Wade. Basically, these new laws are guaranteed to be challenged in federal court and will certainly make it all the way to the Supreme Court where these Republicans are hoping the conservative m... | [
"The 10th amendment says \"if it's not in the Constitution, the states are in charge\". The 14th Amendment says \"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States\" and the Supreme Court ruled that refusing to issue marriage licenses to gay cou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do websites know to go to the mobile version on your phone even when you click a desktop link but don't know how to go to the desktop version on your desktop if you click a mobile link? | [
"When you send a request for a website, you send information about your device and what exactly you are after in the headers of a request. There is a header called \"user-agent\" this basically defines what device you are on. Mine for example says \"Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.1.0; SM-T580) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KH... | [
"Because they are assholes, and don't want you to leave the website by hitting the back button. BTW you can right click the back button, and choose a location from the history that pops up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Technology:"
} |
. Is it possible to hack into a self driving car and change its destination or even reck it ? | [
"This is the very thing that some cybersecurity researchers at Georgia Tech are investigating and the answer appears to be \"Yes\". Although there haven't been any large scale attacks on them and self-driving cars themselves have not been deployed on any mass scale researchers are finding plenty of problems with GP... | [
"How is the person who remote controls them supposed to know when to do so?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes the feeling of anxiety in our stomach/lower chest? | [
"That would be a function of the autonomic nervous system, physiologically speaking that is. Anxiety seems to use many of the same circuits involved in the flight or flight response."
] | [
"It means whatever your body is fighting isn't in your stomach, it's in your intestines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can plants get cancer? | [
"AFAIK \"Cancer\" is just unrestricted cell growth that can eventually interfere with normal functions. Cells usually come with a built in off switch when they divide, that tells the cell to stop replicating after enough are formed. If that limiting factor is missing, the cell will replicate over and over without s... | [
"Can you not get an erection in space?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do video streaming websites like YouTube choose to support 60 FPS only for 720p and above? | [
"The lower quality tiers are usually for people who have slow internet connection. 60fps would however need more data to be transferred so it'd be counter-intuitive to make the 480p and lower available with 60fps."
] | [
"Base video quality standards for a long time was approx 320 x 240 (4:3), sometimes 352 x 240 (4:3'ish) (VCDs, TV) Afterwards we moved to DVD, which was 720 x 480 (3:2). From there, we moved to 720p broadcast, 1080p broadcast, and 1080p video (BluRay). 720p is 1280 x 720 (16:9) - > 1980 x 1080 is 50% more lines of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the document about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is a full moon possible when the sun always hits it from an angle off axis of the Earth? | [
"The Moon's orbit is actually on a slight tilt of 5.14 degrees from the plane on which Earth orbits the Sun. Usually, during a full moon, you can see the Moon from the light reaching it either above or below the Earth. On the odd occasion when the Moon actually lines up with Earth's orbit and passes through its sha... | [
"They do indeed orbit. They are cleverly placed in an orbit that goes around at exactly the same speed as Earth's rotation, so their orbit stays over the same spot on the planet's surface."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:"
} |
How does alcohol clean things like bacteria? | [
"Not a biologist but alcohol permeates the cell membrane due to it's small molecular size and displaces or bonds with the water molecules inside the bacterium. Leaves the cell dehydrated and unable to live basically. More here: _URL_0_"
] | [
"I believe because the vinegar makes the water solution too acidic for most bacteria to survive in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Moles. How do they form? And are there people who don't have any of them? Is it even possible to not have any birthmarks or moles at all? | [
"Since no one is answering the second part of your question: yes, there are people without moles or birthmarks. There's nothing special to it though. They're random, harmless mutations that occur frequently. And sometimes they just don't happen. That's all there is to it."
] | [
"My grandpa had so many freckles he looked tan :) Freckles are clusters of melanin in the skin. Tans are when your skin produces more melanin because of exposure to ultraviolet rays. You can naturally have freckles, you can’t naturally have a tan. Tanning will always on some level be harmful for your skin and lead ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How did we know about the existence of non-visible light if we can't see it? | [
"I don't remember the exact details, but long ago before we knew, a guy was doing and experiment with white light passing through a prism. He seen them typical rainbow coming out of the prism, and was measuring the temperature of each color. He moved the thermometer past the red spectrum of light, to where there wa... | [
"The rest of it is so far away that the light from it hasn't reached us yet, so we have no way to see it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do certain hairs on our body know not to exceed a certain length? | [
"They don't. They're hairs. Hairs don't know anything. They just get produced by special cells in your pores. These cells operate in two cycles. The first cycle lasts a long time. In it it produces more hair, causing the follicle to grow in length. During this time it holds on tight to the follicle as it adds more ... | [
"They totally do. Different hairs on different parts of you're body are of different types and they may turn grey at different times it not at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:"
} |
Why are modern printers still so prone to errors? Why can the same color be so different on the same page? | [
"Because the « color mix » is not the same. A printer use Yellow-Blue-Pink and a monitor use Red-Blue-Green. The Printed image colors comes from reflected light and the Monitor ones from emited light."
] | [
"There are different display technologies and even within the same technology there are manufacturing differences that can effect the colors. Part of my job is install flat screen TVs in conference rooms and we've had to return TVs because despite being the exact same model they TVs don't look the same side by side... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How can airport security scanners detect certain things, rather than just metal? How can it determine the difference between a gun and a watch if they're both made of metal? | [
"Are you confusing an X-ray and a metal detector? A metal detector will be set off by anything metallic, your keys, change, laptop or a gun. It doesn’t really scan for things. A X-ray will show you the contents of a bag, and you can (sort of) visually distinguish each item"
] | [
"Well, the thing with a phone is that when you x-ray it, it looks like a bunch of electronics with a large portion of something that is heavily packed in the middle. (the battery is the large portion thing.) So, without going into too much detail, it looks pretty much the same as a radio controlled explosive. By te... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is kool aid powder sour before sugar is added to it as opposed to other drink powders that already have sugar added to them (crystal light, country time lemonade, tang, etc) | [
"I can't speak for all of them, but Crystal Light and Tang use artificial sweeteners, which are stated to be 300-600x as intense as the equivalent amount of sugar. If you consume them outright, its too sour, but when diluted its sweet. One way to think of it is like table salt. In a moderate amount it adds a lot o... | [
"I think it is just texture and flavor. Not many people like to eat anything in pure powder form. That said, pixie sticks are basically just sugar with flavoring, so the texture might not be that big of a problem. Still, most people like sugar in different forms. If you take pure sugar, mix it with water, and boil ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some countries want to leave the EU? | [
"The EU comes with obligations. For example, most countries currently in the EU have agreed to the Schengen-agreement, which allows travel within the EU without passport-checks, as well as allowing EU citizens to work in other EU countries. While most people see that as a benefit, nationalists in some countries don... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did lightning turn the house lights on | [
"I can think of two possibilities with the limited details provided. The first is that the power was out and it was forgotten that the light was turned on. Someone may have flipped the switch during the night after you went to sleep, which is why you didn't know about it. It was just coincidence it came back on the... | [
"How can you look out your window and still see the interior of your house?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Do memories get destroyed overtime or are they still locked away in your brain inaccessible? Would there be a way to access said memories? | [
"A memory is a reflex, but instead of moving muscle, it's a brain path for an idea/feeling. If you can recreate that reflex, you should be able to remember something. As you acquire experience, these reflexes seem less and less unique, making memory retrieval difficult with age: like how a catching reflex is the sa... | [
"It's less about deleting them and more about not storing them. Our brains don't store most information that they are presented with. I don't remember where I set my car keys down yesterday, what type of car was in front of me at the Starbucks drive through this morning, or who was on the elevator 10 minutes ago. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Psychology:"
} |
How do we know, that there is no solid ground on Saturn? | [
"There is a solid core in there somewhere, but it's not very big compared to the volume of the planet. We know Saturn is largely gaseous because it's less dense than water, a situation that's only possible if almost the entire volume of the planet is gas. You can measure the gravitational force of the planet from t... | [
"there is no example of a perfect circle anywhere on earth, let alone around its circumference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
. Why is there a Soho area in so many countries? | [
"The original one is in London. The others are references to that one. _URL_0_ > The Soho name has been reused by other entertainment and restaurant districts such as the Soho, Hong Kong entertainment zone[4] and the cultural and commercial area of Soho in Málaga.[5] The New York City neighborhood of SoHo, Manhatt... | [
"Did you mean in the USA, or in Japan?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do big cars end up in malls? | [
"It’s generally not overtly visible to the public, because they are a bit of eyesores, but places like these all have one or more large bay doors for the purpose of moving in/out large objects and vehicles."
] | [
"Does it matter if there is water instead of roads between a number of small towns? We have boats and bridges."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are sour sweets/candy typically covered in sour sugar rather than the sourness being part of the sweet/candy itself? | [
"So you feel the sour thing but the sweet stays in your mouth in the long term Most people prefer the shock of sour rather than having a sour taste in your mouth for an hour"
] | [
"I think it is just texture and flavor. Not many people like to eat anything in pure powder form. That said, pixie sticks are basically just sugar with flavoring, so the texture might not be that big of a problem. Still, most people like sugar in different forms. If you take pure sugar, mix it with water, and boil ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does the touchscreen of my phone not work if my fingers or display are wet, e.g. from rain? | [
"Most modern touch screens use electrical sensors to detect where your finger is touching the screen. Water, a better conductor than skin, throws off that process. Some old touch screens relied on detecting places on the screen where physical pressure was applied by sending where light was being disrupted, and hen... | [
"3 possible reasons. 1. Condensation. This applies only if it's cold water. 2. There was some water on the outer surface which eventually slid to the bottom. This is common if the glass is freshly washed or filled carelessly. 3. Glass is cracked. Water has leaked out"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What Happens When A Skyscraper Needs To Be Demolished | [
"It's almost an art. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_) Most high, but not too high skyscrapers are just blown up in such a way that it just falls down into one pile at the center of the building, and it's done by firstly partially destructing it's structural integrity but not too much, so it still could stand. Then major support... | [
"High Crime + Dwindling Population + Crumbling Infrastructure + Diminishing Jobs = Perceived Shithole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
- Keyboards... Why are the keys arranged in that order? Is it cause of effectiveness? Wouldnt it be easier if the keys were alphabetically arranged? | [
"Before computers, old style typewriters used little hammers to make the letter on the paper. The keys were arranged so the letters typed most often were spread apart so the hammers had very little chance of hitting each other and getting stuck. There is a keyboard style called Dvorak that is designed around effici... | [
"There doesn't have to be an order, it's purely convention that we know it that way. There's no reason that it couldn't be based on the qwerty keyboard. I'm no expert in any language so I don't specifically know the origins of the alphabet we use today, but at some point it would have been written down that way and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How come when lightning strikes the water (a lake for example) it doesn’t electrocute all the fish? | [
"Waster is a good conductor, which means that the electrical current from the lightening is able to travel over the surface rather than go underneath. Same way a Faraday cage protects things inside. Most fish don't surface that often so they're generally safe under the water. Unlike humans that need to surface freq... | [
"Conductivity is like a scale. Wood is not a good conductor of electricity but it does conduct better then air. So a lightning bolt will move though the tree better then it moves though air and therefore the lightning will more often hit trees then just bare ground. Humans are also not particularly good conductors ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
is there a scientific rationale for 'Sleeping on It' when making decisions? Like, literal sleep helping to make better choices, not just more time to think on it | [
"Because decisions are skewed when you’re highly emotional. You sleep on it, you let the emotions die down and you think with more clarity and logic"
] | [
"Guess, a follow up question is, what prevents our brains from coming up with the answer when we know we know the information already? And how come the answers just \"come to us\" when we move on to something else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Cognitive psychology:"
} |
What causes my earbuds' volume to lower whenever I yawn or stretch while wearing them? | [
"The volume coming out of the earbuds doesn't change, but your perception of it does. Both of those actions involve your body changing the ear canal, which can cause sounds to sound different. Possibly the seal between your ear and the earbud is broken, leading to escaping sound. Possibly it's a change in the press... | [
"Some kind of electromagnetic interference most likely. Same reason why speakers sometimes start making weird noises when you have the phone right next to them and receive a text message/call."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What's the real difference between tanned skin and freckles? And is it possible for someone to get so many freckles, that they eventually completely cover the skin and the person just looks tanned? | [
"My grandpa had so many freckles he looked tan :) Freckles are clusters of melanin in the skin. Tans are when your skin produces more melanin because of exposure to ultraviolet rays. You can naturally have freckles, you can’t naturally have a tan. Tanning will always on some level be harmful for your skin and lead ... | [
"It's not staining, it's pigmentation. It isn't always brown either. It's the same sort of thing that causes the skin around nipples to be a different color than the rest of the skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes the feeling of weakness in strength when seeing something such as blood or a video of a surgical operation? | [
"It's the blood draining from your head because your blood pressure suddenly dropped, making you feel nauseous and need to lay down to get blood back into your head. It's a safety mechanism, kind of like a possum playing dead when something dangerous happens because predators prefer fresh meat."
] | [
"There's a theory that it happens as a reaction from the removal of heat from the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
With the recent news of the possibility of launching 11,943 satellites into low earth orbit for the Starlink Plan, how do the satellites not crash into others already in space as well as the recently launched ones? | [
"Every time you put something in space it follows a carefully calculated and variable-scrubbed path. Barring extreme malfunction there's almost nothing that could move it around once it's in space. Plus space is massive so everything is far apart"
] | [
"Nope The US Space Surveillance Network is tasked with tracking satellites(active or inactive), spent rockets, debris, and anything else orbiting Earth. There are public ones that exist as well that track most satellites in orbit. If a missile comes from space it'd be pretty easy to track it back to which satellite... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
water conducts electricity, how far can that electricity travel and still be dangerous? If an electrical cable is in the ocean how far do you have to be to not get shocked? | [
"It depends on lots of things: * The voltage on the cable * The precise chemical makeup of the water the cable is in * If there is a low resistance pathway in the water, or one that leads out of the water. Electricity is dangerous and should be respected. Never get in the water if you believe there is a live electr... | [
"No, the whole lake is not electrified, there is a reason that fish continue to exist in the ocean despite how often it get's struck by lightning. Water is actually a fairly poor conductor of electricity, it's the dissolved stuff that makes it conduct electricity. Electricity follows the path of least resistance. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What are physical unclonable functions? | [
"I haven't heard of this, but I'll guess based on things I know, and the context you provided. Hopefully someone can give a better answer. I'd assume they are a result of the the doping (intentional introduction of impurities, which helps control certain properties) in semiconductors. While this is controlled to an... | [
"Because they are completely different technologies with completely different functions and underlying technologies and methods of function."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why did the look of movies get "clearer" in the 1990s? | [
"I think you're just comparing different grade of filmstock. Look at 2001 for example, it came out in 1968 and it looks fantastic."
] | [
"I'd be curious about what kind of time frame you're thinking of. It seems like generally movies have been shorter since about the arrival of the 1980s, before that there were a lot of huge movies in all sorts of genre from the Godfather and Once Upon a Time In America to 2001 and The Seven Samurai. The very early ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why aren't amendments made to religious books to keep up with growing times like they are to the Constitution and Government documents? | [
"Religious texts (books) are seen as the word of the god or prophet that wrote them. Because of that, they are not supposed to be rewritten or reworded. In a way, we have seen \"amendments\" to the Bible, though. There was the Old Testament, and then the New Testament that was created as an \"addition of revelatio... | [
"I'd like to hijack this and ask a follow up question: What sort of laws did the Romans have regarding treatment of slaves as opposed to the USA?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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