query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does campfire smoke "follow people around?" | [
"When you move you create minor low pressure areas in your wake, and the smoke follows that. However once you stop moving, or in a steady breeze, these quickly go away. Generally, smoke doesn't actually follow you around a campfire. You're just sitting too close and random eddies in the air are giving you a faceful... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does copyright work? | [
"The laws are different in every country. In general, if you create a work, you own it and other people can't reproduce it in most situations for a long time."
] | [
"Monopoly or Oligopoly and Cartel behaviors along with a broken copyright system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Can a phone call last forever (or at least until the phone itself deteriorates beyond function) if the phone stays plugged in to it's charger? | [
"I'm not sure if this applies to mobile phone networks, but way back when in the dark ages of technology (mid-90s), we had a single local phone company competing with BT, the national supplier. As a way to try to grow quickly, they offered innovative special offers, amongst them free local phone calls, something un... | [
"Your phone only runs off of its battery. So there has to be sufficient charge on the battery for it to do anything. Your laptop only runs on battery when there's no AC power available. So the battery state doesn't matter when it's plugged in; it's operational immediately."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
How does a Minecraft computer work? | [
"Minecraft has something called redstone, which is able to simulate most logic circuits and electrical circuits. So you could theoretically build anything electronic that doesn't include audio or video circuitry. (Although there are sound blocks, so there is a limited midi type music capability.)"
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do antidepressants cause weight gain? | [
"I can’t tell you how but I can tell you that antidepressants do not put you in a happy little bubble. At their absolute best, they make you your normal self again. ELI5: If you are sick, and the doctor gives you medicine, the medicine eventually makes the symptoms stop, right? You start feeling better. But it does... | [
"Most antidepressants work by changing the amount of certain chemicals in the brain. Since we don't know exactly how the brain works this can lead to undesired side effects(like thoughts of suicide)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is a negative times a negative a positive? | [
"Let's say you're going backwards. Then you go BACKWARDS backwards. See? Now you're going frontwards!"
] | [
"Do you want all of your math to be in negative numbers? Because that's how you get all of your math to be in negative numbers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Physics:"
} |
How does the human body know what kind of food you ate in order to secrete the right digestive enzymes like if you ate steak versus mashed potatoes? | [
"There aren't a huge number of super specific enzymes required to process the food you eat, at least until it gets broken down to small enough molecules to cross from your small intestines into your blood stream. The types required are generic enough that you always have some ready to go, although you can ramp up p... | [
"Some cultures have a very specific diet. The Inuit diet contains a lot of seal and they eat most of it, even the eyes. If you watch an animal hunt and eat something, they eat the guts first. The liver is packed with nutrients like vitamin A. Muscle, such as a steak, has a lot less nutritional value than organ meat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If someone has been in a coma for months, what exactly is it that triggers in them to wake up out of it? | [
"As far as I know there’s no exact cause. That’s why most people are “disconnected” after many years, because doctors can’t know for sure if they’re gonna wake up in 10 years, or in two weeks (if they’re even gonna wake up)"
] | [
"They do. People who are injured or sick can, should, and do get more sleep. It's very important and it does speed up the healing process a lot. A coma is not sleep. A coma is caused by damage to the brain which prevents consciousness. Depending on the type of damage, a person in a coma may actually have periods wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why are human babies so much more helpless for so much longer than the young of other animals? | [
"Because of the size of the human brain, their head is proportionally larger that other animals. Humans walking upright also means that there are changes in the pelvic bones that make pelvic outlet comparatively narrower when compared to other similar sized animals. These two things together means that humans have ... | [
"There's no scientifically proven reason for why this is, but there are some theories out there. The most common one is that we find certain animals cute because they have many of the same characteristics that we find cute in babies. Human babies need more care and nurturing than pretty much any other animal baby. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Out of all the money raised for cancer why does pediatric cancer get less then 5 percent. | [
"I’m no expert on cancer funding, but keep in mind that less than 1% of new cancer diagnoses are in children. With this context, 5% of total funding (if that is the actual number) is already disproportionately high. Source: _URL_0_"
] | [
"We don't. Only about 6% of disease research funding in the US comes from non-profits. The overwhelming majority of funding comes from the Federal government with pharmaceutical companies and state governments funding the rest. To give you an example, the US Federal government funds $52 million per year in ALS rese... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does inbreeding result in a higher chance of genetic defects? | [
"Think about it that way: Your genetic code has 2 letters, A and B. Having B in your code means you can have the defect. You are AB (which means you have a 50% chance of having the defect), and so is your sister. If you have a child, he/she will have a 25% of definitely having the defect (BB), 50% chance of having ... | [
"Many possible reasons: * One of their parents may have a genetic defect that was expressed in the child when it's not in the parent. * Both parents may be carriers for a genetic disease. * During pregnancy, the child may have been exposed to conditions that triggered the defect. The Zika virus is much in the news ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it hard for phone companies to supply unlimited high speed data? | [
"It’s not. They just like money. It’s the same reason the cable and internet companies are fighting to prevent cities from installing their own fiber optic lines, they want more money."
] | [
"User numbers are not changing in the scenario. People need the internet. They are fighting against laws that limit how much they can overcharge their customers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a Consumer Carbon Tax? How does it work? | [
"Basically, if a Consumer Carbon Tax is implemented, when someone uses or buys something that emits carbon dioxide, they must pay a tax. One of the largest markets taxed would be the petroleum (more specifically gasoline) market. The exact specifics are complicated as they are political in nature."
] | [
"Small Population, High Tax Rate, Reasonably Successful Companies and Economy, and a Socialist System. Socialism isn't bad, its expensive but it also takes care of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does ships weighing hundreds of tons not sink in shallow waters? | [
"When it comes to floating above water, it is not about the weight, but the Density. Density is weight/volume, and water density is 997kg/m^3, So as long as it has a much larger hull to reduce the actual density of the entire ship, it floats above water."
] | [
"Sea level? I mean if you watch a big ship go out to sea, it doesn't just get smaller, but you lose sight of the bottom of the ship. How else can we explain why we can't see the bottom while we can still see the top aside from the obvious explanation: the ship is traveling on a curved surface?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are statistics calculated for events influenced by multiple variables/parameters? | [
"By making a multi dimensional function, we can define some outcome by multiple inputs. For example, z = x + y, z is defined by two inputs, x and y. For probabilities involving multiple steps, or probabilities that involve previous conditions, we refer to Bayes theorem, which tells us the relationship between two s... | [
"No. The numbers are randomly generated in a way that has nothing whatsoever to do with your actions or anyone else's, short of rigging."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the acid in coca-cola cause tooth cavities, but the acid in oranges is fine? | [
"It's not fine. Orange juice is just as harmful, if not more, than soft drinks / sodas. If you eat an Orange however you are getting alot of fibre (the pulp) along with the juice. The chewing produces saliva which will help neutralize the harmful acids in your mouth."
] | [
"All soft drinks have chemicals we would not otherwise consume. Phosphoric acid is used to give soft drinks a \"tangy\" flavor. Too much Phosphoric acid could remove some of the Calcium from your bones. Some soft drinks, such as Mountain Dew, have Brominated Vegetable oil to give them a cloudy appearance. Too much ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does increasing or decreasing audio volume work? | [
"Output from a speaker is just a current signal, when you turn the knob on the volume button you decrease a resistance in the speaker, which increases the current to the audio element, which makes the speaker output more sound. You can think of it as a dam, where resistance is the opening in the dam. If you open th... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come when permanent teeth grow in, they have bumpy edges, and how do they go away? | [
"I had that on my two front teeth. When I got my braces off my orthodontist sanded off the bottom and smoothed them out. As far as I know it's just how they formed around my baby teeth but it used to bug me as a kid"
] | [
"How long your teeth are based on a few things. Mainly its because of the genes (traits) you inherit from your parents and their parents before them. Shapes and size of teeth are different in people from different races which is also a trait thing. Pointy-ness of your teeth depends on how much you use them. The mor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Dentistry:"
} |
How did Columbus communicated with the Aztecs if they didn’t speak their language and vise versa? | [
"Columbus didn't communicate with the Aztecs. He never met them. Hernan Cortes was the man responsible for destroying the Aztec empire. When Cortes first landed in the Yucatan he met Geronimo de Aguilar, a Spanish Franciscan priest who had survived a shipwreck followed by a period in captivity with the Maya. This... | [
"The main thing is that Poland immigrants going to North America went to the United States. Greek immigrants going to North America went to the United States. Irish immigrants going to North America went to the United States. Spanish immigrants going to North America went to Mexico, because it was a Spanish colony ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Snails: where do they get their shells? | [
"They form them from calcium. Snails cannot transfer shells, they are physically attached to their shells, and being removed from it means they die. A slug is not a \"shelless snail\" but an entirely different species. & #x200B; Edit: Now my top comment is about snails. Neat. Thanks for the silver."
] | [
"Snails keep some of their internal organs in their shells, it's not like a hermit crab. That's probably the biggest difference, all of a slug's organs are inside of its body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do ones and zeros make up complex computer programs???? | [
"The same way only 26 English letters and a few punctuation marks can make up a complex work of literature like War and Peace: we use combinations of 1s and 0s to form simple commands, the join those commands together into small, reusable routines, then use those routines to build more and more complex programs."
] | [
"Hexadecimal codes (a method of counting in base 16). Don't really know what they might represent in said forums. User ID perhaps?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do clouds appear to be resting on a glass table (flat on the bottom) | [
"So the bottom of the cloud forms at the point in the air that it is cold enough to form water droplets, this is the same height all along the surface of the cloud so the vapour forms at that same flat level as new vapour joins the cloud, pushing the old cloud bits up (assuming a flow of air exists)"
] | [
"Because the heat coming off of the asphalt creates an air density differential, and when light comes through that density gradient it changes direction slightly, causing things to appear to be where they shouldn't. This usually makes things slightly above the horizon (sky) appear to be below the horizon (on the ro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
What happens when you "unpop" your ears? | [
"U open up a tube known as the Eustachian tube which connects the middle ear to your pharynx. This balances the air pressure in ur ear which is what u hear as a pop. Some examples would be popping ur ear during a flight, esp during take off/landing."
] | [
"How would you know if you never use it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Could someone get in trouble for accidentally stumbling upon child porn | [
"Theoretically yes, practically no. Firstly law enforcement are not tracking those who on a single occasion saw something for a few seconds. Secondly if you accidentally clicked on something innocent then it is likely that hundreds of other people would have done the same and law enforcement can track back on your ... | [
"I don't know for certain but I would guess because it is a lot harder to identify what is and isn't construed as revenge porn. How would Google even know if it was real deal or just some legit porn being advertised as \"revenge porn\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is our blowing power so strong but sucking power weak, also same with leaf blowers and vacuum cleaners? | [
"Blowing basically means you have an area of high pressure that is attempting to equalize with the environment pressure. Sucking basically means you have an area of low pressure that is attempting to equalize with the environment pressure. Assume the environment pressure is 1 atmosphere. Assume negative pressures... | [
"To an extent vaccumes have to make noise because they have big fans that suck in a lot of air which causes noise. But only to an extent - you can buy a very quiet vaccume if you want to go digging, but they don't sell them in the stores because people have come to associate loud vaccumes with powerful ones and qui... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What happens to a swimmer, a boat or a fish when the lake is struck by lightning? | [
"Very little, the charge dissipates in all directions which means that unless you were virtually under the strike very little of the electric charge will reach you."
] | [
"Too much volume for their weight. Like a boat, they displace water that weighs more than their body weight. If they go under, for a food snack, it's through significant effort."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why can infants throw up without really reacting, but as we get older, throwing up becomes a horrible, scary thing? | [
"It is mostly about how common or uncommon the situation is and how far down the digestive tract the problem is. I am a 40 year old adult with a Lap Band, and that makes it so I throw up every couple of days when I accidentally take too large a bite or my stomach just gets a little upset. And most of the time it is... | [
"Swallowing it just starts it on the journey out of your body. Typically if what you swallow will cause harm, your stomach will be good about rejecting it and sending it back out. I can think of more adverse effects from coughing and spitting it out... Most of which involve scarring memories of seeing dried up, cru... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do humans get a random high pitched noise in the ear that dissipates quickly | [
"I know what OP is talking about and absolutely no one in the comments is addressing what he's talking about. It's definitely not tinnitus and it is not electrical appliances. It is a loud, distinctive high pitched noise, sounds exactly like the sound effect they use for a flashbang in video games. It lasts for a f... | [
"Well, there isn't specifically ONE cause for it. Schizophrenia could cause someone to have auditory hallucinations. Tinnitus - the ringing you hear after listening to something loud - is also known to cause phantom sounds. Sometimes, sleep deprivation will cause it as well, especially after an extended period of b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
how does a chickens reproductive system work? | [
"A chicken will produce eggs whether or not the rooster is involved, just as a human female will release eggs, whether or not a guy is involved. If there's no conception, there's a period, if there is, there's a pregnancy. With chickens, the eggs are laid and are either laid fertilized or not, depending on if the r... | [
"Your asking essentially the chicken or the egg. Example, Did you stomach evolove first and create your brain and extremites to feed it. Or did your brain grow your stomach to power it. Har to say, as without something to feed the stomach, we would have no stomch. Without the brain to run everything, we wouldn't ha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are snails able to move over razor blades without being cut or sliced? | [
"Because snails don't really touch the surface that they are traveling along. They secrete thick mucus, and then Glide along that mucus. The mucus is thick enough that it covers the Razer Blade and protects the snail. It is somewhat similar to a human throwing a blanket over razor wire before crawling over it. The ... | [
"For one when the paper cuts you its generally on your hand or fingers which is a much more sensitive part of your body as it is packed with many more nerve endings Two, when you cut yourself with a knife it is straight and clean where as paper is very rough, flexable and uneven. It also leaves a very shallow wound... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What causes the 'uncanny valley'? How does it work? | [
"There's this [video](_URL_0_) by Vsauce that kind of describes it really well. We humans generally read emotions and stuff from people's faces. And we know some inanimate objects aren't human, and they're not a threat. But for a humanlike object, we by nature try to read whether it's a threat or not by reading the... | [
"If you were two dimensional, how would I explain the third dimension to you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What reasons would an employer have in firing someone who has declared bankruptcy? | [
"In many cases it doesn't matter. However, employing someone with a history of money problems represents a potential risk in, say, the Financial industry, or in a position where they handle large sums of cash or merchandise, since they would have incentive to steal. Similarly, a bankruptcy or high level of debt rep... | [
"If it's \"at will\" employment, they can fire you for no reason at all. If you can prove that you were fired for a dubious reason like retaliation for a complaint or membership in a protected class you can sue for damages or reinstatement, but that can be difficult if there's no evidence."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do colors pop out so much when it's raining? | [
"Compare it to a tv/monitor. If you turn down the brightness and up the contrast the colors \"pop\" more or stand out. & #x200B; Light washed out colors as you know light is all colors in one. So less is more here - as your eyes can see the individual wave lengths of light easier."
] | [
"It isn't completely true. How bright a rainbow is is a factor of how bright the light creating it is. But how bright a rainbow looks is about how bright the rainbow is compared to how bright everything around it is. So after the storm, if there almost no clouds the rainbow might not look very bright because of all... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:"
} |
What exactly are stains? Why do they stay on something seemingly forever? Are they remnants of the liquid that was spilled still on the clothing? | [
"Fabrics and other materials have fine, microscopic crevices to which coffee and wine and flow into and dry (which means that when they dry, they form into a contiguous clump that hugs into all the fine openings of the crevice. Imagine scoring clay to create a rough surface, then putting other clay on top of it. Th... | [
"It is your sweat and drool. The discoloring is from many many nights of you seeping bodily fluids on to your mattress. The minerals and salts you sweat out cause it. Like layers and layers of dust on floors which are never cleaned."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If water is transparent why is snow white? | [
"Snow is a whole bunch of individual ice crystals arranged together. When a light photon enters a layer of snow, it goes through an ice crystal on the top, which changes its direction slightly and sends it on to a new ice crystal, which does the same thing. Basically, all the crystals bounce the light all around so... | [
"Association through history. Water is blue. Water is also (usually) cool. Fire is red. Fire is also hot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The new Mac Pro will support up to 1.5TB of ram. In theory, could you have every file on the computer stored in the RAM? | [
"Yes. This is called a RAMdisk. It's a common practice in some servers, and you can replicate it at home with a small enough hard drive or big enough memory. I believe the old skull canyon CPUs supported up to 128GB of RAM which made for a hardy Ramdisk. & #x200B; There's a downside, if you turn off your PC it tak... | [
"The phone itself would have to have the capability to handle more than 200GB. This would be within the controller part of the phone, which tells it how to access the memory, as opposed to the memory itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why would it be better to not charge a phone/car battery to 100% | [
"Because the battery chemistry weakens as max capacity is reached. Consider a balloon. It has a maximum capacity. The capacity right before it pops. If you inflate the balloon is just this max capacity every time, it wears on the latex. However if you inflate to only 80% of this max capacity, there's less stretc... | [
"No, devices have a safety installed where after it becomes fully charged, the charger powers down to just enough to keep the battery at 100%. However if you do this your battery is constantly worked and it is good to drain your battery once a month and charge it back to 100%"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why won't herd animals like Bulls or Wildebeest help their herd mates when caught or cornered by predators most of the time? They even out number the predators. | [
"For the same reasons that humans do not always come to the aid of other humans that are under attack. Because doing so means risking being attacked oneself. Herd animals absolutely do work together to protect each other, but that only goes so far. Once predators actually have their teeth in a herd mates, the rest ... | [
"Nobody can know what animals are actually thinking or experiencing. But I'd say the most rational explanation is they are simply so Ill/sick/in pain that they aren't thinking straight. Therefore their usual flight reaction doesn't kick in. We only see the instances where they stumble upon a human, and not when the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Animal behavior:"
} |
How does a nuclear reactor work? | [
"When nuclear atoms gets hit with neutrons it gets hot. And tosses out more neutrons. Those new neutrons cause more atoms to get hot and toss out neutrons. It’s a sort of self-sustained effect in a material that rapidly heats itself up. Well. For a while. Eventually it’ll be crap at tossing electrons, and heat less... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do charging cables not spark when held close to the intended device? | [
"They do, you just can't see it because the voltage isn't high enough to overcome the resistance of air at an appreciable distance, if you make the gap smaller, it will arc across air. Tiny tiny voltages of like 5.2 or 4.2 volts, aren't enough potential to cause a visible spark. & #x200B; Noted that a circuit must... | [
"Batteries generate hydrogen gas when the are charging. This can sometimes explode when connecting the battery cable as there are usually sparks. Ideally, connect the positive first, then connect the ground further away from the battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it so hard to counterfeit currency? | [
"Currency is specifically made to be hard to counterfeit. There are multiple security features present in larger denominations that are difficult to replicate without some serious investment. US bills use a special and hard to source paper and ink, contain highly detailed watermarks, holographic panels, extremely f... | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What do the folks on the floor of the NYSE do, when it seems like everything is electronic or done by computers now? | [
"The vast majority of trading is electronic, so the people down on the floor aren't all traders. There are managers, IT staff, and SEC personnel onsite to monitor everything. The remaining people are traders, working in the few stocks that are left that can't be traded electronically."
] | [
"They're really not doing much nowadays... it's mostly just theater for the news cameras. A lot of them actively ham it up. The vast majority of trading is not done there anymore."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens during a heart attack? | [
"A heart attack is a lay term for what is known in the medical world as a myocardial infarction, or MI for short. Infarction means that blood stops going to an area and the area dies from a lack of oxygen, because it is the blood that carries the oxygen. Myocardium is the medical word for the heart muscle itself.... | [
"You start dying. Your lings fill with fluid without a drug to counteract this which is a major part of the plot of a good movie on HBO. Is it Everest?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can animals drink from dirty rivers/lakes without any issue yet when a human does they get ill? | [
"Oh, animals do not get by without any issue. Wild animals are riddled with parasites and susceptible to horrid diseases at a rate that far exceeds human beings. In fact, parasites from contaminated water are so common, there are vaccines available for domestic dogs."
] | [
"To a degree, humans have weakened their immune systems. Rewind to before we had sanitation, humans would be drinking that same water as the dogs(or converting it to beer!) If we were to drink unfiltered water raw from nature, we may get sick (may not), but would eventually build an immunity to whatever is in there... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does electrolysis with water work? | [
"Oxygen is very electronegative, which means that when it is paired with another atom bonded covalently and those atoms are sharing electrons, the electrons tend to spend more time around the oxygen than they do around those other atoms. This is especially true of hydrogen, which has very weak electronegativity. Be... | [
"It burns the open ends of the capillaries and veins closed to stop blood loss. There are multiple methods that can be used to do this \"burning\" such as heat, electricity, and chemistry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do animals like when they are petted? Why? | [
"Social animals do. Many species of mammals and some birds use grooming and play to reinforce social bonds in the group. They will extend this to you once they're sufficiently confident you're friendly, and do enjoy it. A lot of them will even return the favor, although you might not like their licking. Non social ... | [
"Your body is telling you to quit smoking. Listen to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do our bodies adjust to more hot temperatures? | [
"One of the largest parts of it is your basal metabolism rate adjusting. If it is more hot, your metabolic rate will go down so you are not generating as much waste heat. I am a fairly large male, reasonably muscular and moderately fat. And I used to live in Minnesota, where the winters get down to below -20 degree... | [
"Because we didn't evolve to live indoors as much as we do. Also we are from Africa! Haven't had enough time for our bodies to fully adjust to latitudes with lesser amounts of daylight for parts of the year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
} |
Why does the quality of GIFs, pics deteriorate with each repost? | [
"If you simply copied the link to the original gif it would be fine. If you downloaded the original file and uploaded it to a service that doesn't apply any postprocessing it will be fine. But what typically happens is, when you upload the image to a hosting service, that service decides to process the image to mak... | [
"Pretty much the only reason is that Imgur has a very small file size limit for GIFs. Minus either doesn't have a limit or it's big enough that I've never had to worry about it before. Also I've never had a problem with loading Minus GIFs before (they're just as fast as Google or Imgur) but I think it must have som... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
my dad has brown eyes and my mom has blue eyes. How does my brother have blue eyes? | [
"You get a gene from each parent. If someone has blue eyes, then both their genes are blue eyed genes. If someone has brown eyes, they could either have two brown eye genes or one brown eye gene and one blue eye gene. If they have one of each then they could pass either on. Your brother would definitely get a blue ... | [
"People tell me that this happens to mine as well. Green eyes if I'm wearing green, brown otherwise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Do different altitudes in the ocean have different oxygen levels? | [
"Different ocean depths have different oxygen levels. Near the surface the ocean has a similar oxygen level to the air. Organic matter sinks down, and is eaten by bacteria and such as it goes. Oxygen levels can decrease with depth because it is used up by those bacteria in the deeper water. Below a certain point th... | [
"Different ocean current, different winds, different coasts. All have influence on the size and shape of waves"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why can’t you remember a whole phone number alone but when you ask someone else to remember a few numbers you automatically remember? | [
"Memory is highly associational: remembering something associated with a memory makes it much easier to remember the memory itself. In this case, the first few numbers helps to recall the associated further numbers."
] | [
"Its not that you're forgetting those huge chunks, its that you are not committing them to memory in the first place. You can tell someone is blacked out by asking them to remember something like a 7 digit number. Then ask them to repeat it a few minutes later. If they're blacked out, then they won't commit it to m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Cognitive psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Cognitive psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does "nuclear power" power a submarine? | [
"nuclear power in its essence, is really just steam power. Nuclear reactions create heat, that heat is then used to heat up some water, and that water is turned to steam which turns a turbine. nuclear fuel just provides the heat, its the steam turbine that provides the electricity."
] | [
"1) it takes a lot of energy 2) fire is bad on ships Some ships can do it if they have power to spare (like navy ships). Otherwise your just trading propane for water. Might as well stock water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do penises get smaller in cold water? | [
"Testicles will move in closer towards the body to help keep warm. The penis will shrink as there's less blood flow to it in cold conditions. Just like how an erection is achieved by drastically increasing blood flow to it."
] | [
"That's why men get erections in their sleep - it keeps them from rolling out of bed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Aerodynamic manoeuvres and Wing rakes | [
"I'm not sure what you mean by inverting the wings but forward-swept wings need to be stronger (and therefore heavier) than straight or rearward swept wings and, when it comes to building aircraft, weight is a pretty big factor to consider. Yes, it makes the plane more maneuverable but the benefit isn't really wort... | [
"A Wingtip device or winglet's can increase performance, fuel efficiency and or safety by reducing vortex's and increasing lift (without increasing overall wingspan) on the wings tip and smoothing the air flow. This wasn't copy and paste but here is one [source](_URL_0_) of info anyway."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If an electron is thought if more as a wave than a particle, how does it have a mass? | [
"What is mass? Mentally, do you associate the property of mass as belonging to something? As you delve deeper into the physics of the small, \"real world\" intuition starts to break down. What we think of as mass might arise from an interaction of disturbances in one field with another field. Bottom line: calling i... | [
"You are misinterpreting what does it mean that light has wave and particle properties. It doesn't mean that there's a wobbling little ball as light travels. Being a particle means having two finite properties: momentum and energy. Being a wave means that it is possible to observe specific phenomena such as diffra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
How a laser can improve/correct someone's eyesight. | [
"Your eye works kind of like a camera. It's got a lens system that focuses light onto the retina, the part of the eye that senses light. If the lens system is out of whack, the light doesn't focus right, and your eyesight is blurry. One way to correct this is to put another lens in front of the whole thing. That's ... | [
"Ruining your vision with the wrong prescription is a myth. Wearing wrong glasses can give you a headache but they're not going to physically change your eye shape."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does it mean that race is “socially constructed”? | [
"It means that humans have decided to classify people as different races, but that there are really just variations along a continuum and not artificial break points with biological differences. While the difference between the average Swede and average Kenyan might be obvious, if you go from country to country, yo... | [
"Gender didn't used to be a social construct until people started saying that it was (sometime in the 20th century)--because language is a social construct. After that, gender became about the question, \"what does it mean to be a man/woman?\" to which the answer of course is \"inherently nothing.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is it that stops liquid flowing out of a straw when then top is covered? | [
"With a bit of air between the liquid and your finger (or whatever is covering the other end) it creates a little vacuum. Theres definitely a limit, but the weight of the liquid falling out is less than how much it would take to change the pressure of the little bubble of air. If your finger isn't there, there is n... | [
"The only way that the water can come out is if something takes its place. Above water, turning a glass over causes water to to down while air goes up into the glass. Under water, when you flip the glass over and pull up, there's still no way for air to get in. If, however, you took a bendy straw and put the short ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it easier to see weak light, when not looking directly at it? | [
"Your peripheral vision is designed to see changes in dark/light while your central vision is designed to see color and detail. You can see dim lights better with your peripheral because that is what it’s designed to do."
] | [
"When there is a lot of light on the ground, some of it goes up and makes the sky look brighter by lighting up dust in the air. And just like seeing a flash light in a dark room is easier then in a bright room, stars are easier to see in a dark sky then a bright sky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does stretching before/after a workout reduce the risk of injury? | [
"In the medical field the opinions on stretching divided, some people say it helps some people say it doesn't make a difference. But I would say that a proper warming up and cooling down are more important to injury prevention than stretching is."
] | [
"\"Feeling the burn\" is caused by a buildup of lactic acid on your muscles from you breaking down the contractile proteins that make up your muscle fibers. It it generally a feeling of muscle weakness and tenderness, and is often accompanied by Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS), which is soreness that begins ro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Anti-biotics are broad attack agents, why can't we do the same with viruses? My recent viral conjunctivitis had no cure but time, yet influenza has Tamflu? What's the key difference between the two that limits our viral solutions? | [
"Viruses and bacteria are very different \"organisms\". Viruses are a package of data that only works when inside a host cell. A bacteria is alive. So with a virus, you're looking at disrupting the chemical process. Whereas with bacteria you're trying to kill something. Something that doesn't want to die and has tr... | [
"Well, the root cause of acne is hormonal changes in the young person's body. These cause a skin biome that's really desirable for these disease agents. Since a holistic solution to the root cause would have all sorts of undesirable impacts on sexual maturation, that's flat out. So, medications are trying to counte... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what’s a reference monitor and what’s it for? | [
"Suppose the animator decides to make a character red. A specific red. Ferrari red. If some other monitor shows this color wrong as a cardinal red, it's very hard for a group to know who has the right color."
] | [
"Learn the difference between open and closed headphones. Honestly that’s one of the only real specs that will truly affect your listening experience. If you’re going for speakers, then pay attention to your room dimensions and how you place your speakers. Most audiophile culture is frankly a rip off, but there are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is it about alcohol that doesn't mix well with certain medicines? | [
"Several things. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. If it's a medication that also causes sedation, then they can work together to cause excessive sedation, potentially resulting in accidents. Secondary to that, if it's a medication that also causes respiratory depression (suppresses breathing) then yo... | [
"Because God want to punish you with cancer for sinning. Just kidding, it's probably because alcohol changes the way sensory information is processed in the brain and makes everything more likable. Smoking is better, crappy food tastes better, ugly girls look better, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Health and lifestyle:"
} |
Some things we buy to eat or spice food are actually seeds... are they ever viable? What about sunflower seeds? Anise seeds or juniper berries? What about the seeds inside fruits? | [
"You can grow SO MUCH from food you have already eaten. Take the end of a sweet potato and stick it in water. Bam more sweet potatoes. The end of green onions with the roots? Shove it in dirt bam more green onions. Same with regular onions and avocado seeds and most fruits. It is easier to recycle food into brand n... | [
"The \"seed\" in a cherry is called a pit, and if I'm not mistaken, it's where the juicy part of the cherry came from. Similar to dates and plums. In contrast, the seeds of grapes and oranges are intended to produce more grapevines/orange trees"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Botany:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Botany:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do we produce electricity | [
"Everything other than solar power is based on some sort of circular motion (like a turbine or a windmill) driving a dynamo, which is a bunch of magnets that spin within a coil of wire. This causes induced current to flow within the wires, giving us electricity. Coal, Gas, Geothermal, and Nuclear all spin their tur... | [
"As far as I know, it’s because we haven’t figured out a way to harness that energy while being cost effective and practical."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is multi-level marketing/ a pyramid scheme? | [
"Multi-level marketing is where a product and idea are sold from a person who also gets others to sell the product (often with discount purchases for sellers) who then also attempt to recruit others and sell products. The products may or may not work (often they don't) but there is at least a product to sell. A pyr... | [
"It's not a pyramid scheme. Pyramid Schemes are Multi Level Marketing groups. Wish is a retail aggregate that focuses on low-cost (and possibly copyright infringing) items. Even if Wish offers you an incentive to share the program to others, they never say that you, the random jackass who never posts a product, wil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do headaches accompany nausea/vomiting/upset stomach, and vice versa? | [
"My daughter suffers from complex migraines, and her neurologist explained it like this. The network of nerves in your stomach are as complex as the ones in your head, and they suffer from the same instability during migraines. Chronic stomachaches can be caused by these nerves being unstable, or they can be impact... | [
"A lot probably has to do with stress. Stress can lower a body's ability to fight of common illness. On top of that, severe stress can cause many of the same symptoms as illness - nausea/vomiting, fatigue, sleeplessness, even fever."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do heartbeats make a noise? | [
"Edit for clarity. The sound you hear are caused by the backflow of blood in the heart. There are valves to prevent the blood flowing backwards. When it tries to, the valves slam shut. The blood reverbs in the heart making the noise. Some people have posted it's just the valves, it's specifically the blood hitting ... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and wellness:"
} |
Turtles: where do they get their shells? | [
"Same way you got yer bones. Turtle shells are essentially enhanced skeletons, probably evolved via the inclusion of extra bony armour into the ribcage. They're born with shells same way they're born with bones, and they deposit more bone-material into the shell as they grow. On a curious side-note, it never even ... | [
"Turtles... Turtles keep the jellyfish population in check. If there were more Jellyfish more species would evolve to eat them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how does cancer not always relapse after radiation treatment | [
"The cells in your body are constantly winning wars vs cancer cells. Your body sees cancer cell mutation as foreign and destroys them before they spread. Sometimes some slip through and multiply, in which can spread to parts of the body and start taking over. Radiation helps destroy cancer cells (and normal cells) ... | [
"yes, if the cancer is treatable, not all cancers are treatable. also, how many people do you know that actually have yearly physicals? it's better to cure the problem than to cure the symptoms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How could Switzerland just "opt" to be neutral and not fight in wars or get involved in conflicts? | [
"Switzerland didn't opt to be neutral. The were on the losing side of a major war and basically it was thrust upon them by the victors... however, they had flirted with neutrality a bit in the past, so the idea of a neutral Switzerland was certainly not new. The Swiss allied with France during early 1800s (after Fr... | [
"Because they don't need large militaries when they have America for an ally. America will more than likely be there to back them up if they ever get into a conflict."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What makes your eye color change after you’re born? | [
"Eye color is determined by the amount of melanin in the iris; which is the pigment-protein responsible for hair, eye, and skin color. The reason for this is due to the lack of exposure to light in utero. Once birth occurs, light exposure triggers the melanocyte cells to read the genes that make the pigment protein... | [
"Shine a light at your eyes while they’re closed. What do you see? That’s your answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:"
} |
Why do french fries taste so much worse after cooling to room temperature? | [
"Smelling plays a large part of how food tastes, cold fries have no smell so you lose that appeal. Texture of cold fries also change as water trapped in the starch on the inside slowly makes its way to the crust and makes it soggy. Soggy is generally a less pleasing texture than crispy. Starch molecules taste bette... | [
"Well, it's a matter of expectations. And it's not a matter of liquid vs solid. If you drink a room temperature Pepsi, it will seem warm, because you're used to it being served cold. If you have a coffee at room temperature it will seem cold because you're used to it being served hot. I am sure you've eaten potato ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Food:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Food:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do computers connect better to shoddy internet connections when phones and tablets don’t do well? | [
"If you're talking about LAN connections then it will always be faster than a wireless connection as it is wired and transmits data without much interference. Even if you put wireless cards in your desktop or use laptops it will still be faster than phone using the same wireless connection because they have bigger ... | [
"They can, My in-laws don't have internet in their house, they just have a hotspot device that they turn on and off when they need internet. But generally, wi-fi is faster and more reliable than cellular data. Even 4G LTE is not as fast as AC internet speeds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How much apples do you need to eat before you get cyanide poisoning? | [
"[_URL_0_](_URL_0_) & #x200B; The article goes through a pretty in depth summary, but the tl;dr is you would need to actually grind up or chew (swallowing a whole seed is not as dangerous) between 1-2 cups of apple seeds depending on your weight before you begin running into issues."
] | [
"If you have a high amount of sugar in your blood you'll get more mosquitos."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
This SpaceX rocket launch lit up the sky almost like a supernova. How in the blue blazes did this happen? | [
"The launch released a cloud of gas which condensed into high altitude clouds. Those clouds are within direct sunlight from the sun which from the perspective of much of the ground has already set. So areas which have been in shadow for a while can see brightly lit clouds high above them."
] | [
"Is the sky on fire? If not, there has not been a large comet impact on Earth recently. This one's really not hard to fact check."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why scratching sunburn makes the skin turn white, when scratching unburnt soon turns red. | [
"Pressing down on sunburn pushes the blood away. When you stop pressing it turns back to red (rather slowly sometimes)."
] | [
"To cause you to focus on an area of dry or dead sky. Scabs itch as they dry out. Scratching also increases blood flow to an area to assist in healing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do we forget something easily even if we try to remember it as hard as we can, but the same thing comes to our mind when we are not even thinking about it? | [
"How come we hit every single red light when we are in a hurry but when we want to answer a text or get something out of the glove box there’s suddenly nothing but green lights... it’s perception. You remember most of what you want... and forget most of what you don’t care about. You only notice it when you’re anno... | [
"You mean a brain fart? According to science, brain farts are due to your brain having an issue retrieving a memory. Your brain is lazy by nature and will take any chance to take some \"rest\" even if you don't really want it. You see, the more you get used to do something and it becomes a habit, the less you beco... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Cognitive psychology:"
} |
What factors are known or are being hypothesized by the scientific community to cause Autism? | [
"What modern science knows about autism is still limited in scope, but we have a general understanding that the cause of autism is a lack of synaptic pruning occurring in the neurons (nerve cells) of the body and brain of someone with autism, and that lack of pruning and the degree of its presence in different area... | [
"In medicine Etiologies refer to the cause of disease, while risk factors are correlative factors that increase your risk of getting the disease but in and of themselves are not necessarily the cause of the disease"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does a negative number modulus a positive number work? | [
"Think of modulus like the numbers on a clock. If it's midnight now, then 15 hours from now it will be 15 mod 12 = 3 o clock. If it's midnight now, then 8 hours ago it was -8 mod 12 = 4 o clock. Basically, in modulo 12, twelve *is* zero. So -8 is the same as 0 - 8, which is the same as 12-8, which is 4. In general,... | [
"A number base (b) is how you count. Its scalar, it has no inherent direction, so it can’t be negative. You are defining how far apart the ticks are on your number line, and that length can’t be negative. So you can’t have a base of negative anything and it stops there. P also needs to be a positive number because... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do cars go faster than the highest speed limit? | [
"A car that could only go 60mph tops would have worse performance across the board which can actually be a safety issue as well as just being a pain to drive. It's like why evelvators can easily carry much more weight than they'd ever realistically need too. It makes them more reliable and sturdy and outright more ... | [
"They're built to be extremely light because weight will slow the car down. Also, the speeds at which they drive makes impact a lot worse than going a regular speed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does Amazon go from 2 day shipping to 1 day shipping? | [
"It really comes down to where they have warehouses . Storing the items close to where people are so that when something gets ordered it's really just gonna ship from somewhere close by. Amazon has been devloping their network of warehouses aka the fulfillment centers specifically for this purpose."
] | [
"It looks to me like they are pretty similar. BookDepository seems to offer 14-day shipping in the US. Amazon often has free Super Saver shipping on orders that take about 14 days to arrive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do we recall a specific memory? | [
"Your neurons are like a road system, and some memories have fewer routes to get there. The things you can recall faster have more access roads, because you’ve related them to multiple other things in your life. That’s why it’s helpful to jog your memory by thinking of other things in your life at the time of whate... | [
"just think about what's actually necessary in order to reproduce."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why did we spit the day in half with AM and PM? | [
"Ignore most of the answers before mine The day has two parts, the sun is either rising or falling. Sun dials. When the sun reaches its apex, it essentially resets on the sun dial and starts a new shadow on the other side. Thus, 1 pm."
] | [
"Thirteen-three-oh-three is like seven years old, and was mooted like five years ago. Can you explain the question, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How and when do I use a semicolon? | [
"Use a semicolon to join two clauses in a sentence if they are related. See the top voted answer here _URL_0_ Talking about the apple mac monitor stand; it seems to be a waste of money. Those two ideas would not be correct sentences on their own."
] | [
"Related question: What if I want to become a mercenary? What do I do?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Grammar:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Grammar:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How is the highest point of a mountain measured? | [
"Well now we can use GPS satellites and other satellite mapping tools like synthetic aperture radar, but before that, we used a lot of trigonometry. To measure the height of a mountain, surveyors used a method called triangulation. Observers examined the peak from several points. Knowing the distance from the point... | [
"It is on the Northern Most point of the Axis. It is not the top of the planet as the planet's axis is tilted."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the technological/physical limitations regarding smartphone camera advancements? Will we ever see them match traditional ones? | [
"Small lens size limits light entry, so no, will probably never match the quality of a traditional SLR"
] | [
"Your perception is mistaken. The improvements to cell phones are pretty minor, and the improvements to laptops and PCs have been as steady as ever. The difference is that the focus in laptop computing has shifted. Rather than reasonable power (which has become pretty common and cheap), laptops are focusing on batt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
Why with the room temperature of 24C(75F) degrees in winter are felt much cooler than the 24(75F) degrees in summer | [
"In the winter the air inside your home is much drier(less humid), and that feels cooler than in the summer, when it's likely much more humid."
] | [
"In most cases \"hot in winter\" in far colder that \"hot in summer\" With the heater on and the fireplace on, the temperature will be between 25 and 30°C. In summer at 2AM, you're fine if it's only 25°C you have a problem when it's 40°C"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how do you write and publish a book? | [
"You write the book, you send a copy to publishers to see if they’re interested, or you self publish. Google is your friend, there’s plenty or resources on the entire process and all the options"
] | [
"just think about what's actually necessary in order to reproduce."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why does alcohol burns like hell when we put it in a cut or bruise? | [
"Alcohol makes your nerves respond in the same way they do to touching really hot things. (Binds to the same receptors, etc.)"
] | [
"They are coated with a petroleum or tar substance which is what burns. Here is a fun experiment: get a metal tray and some cotton balls. Try burning a cotton ball. Now dip one is rubbing alcohol and light it. Burns hot and fast, eh? Now smear some Vaseline on one and light it. Now it burns a long time. Kind of soo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
What does romantic nationalism mean? | [
"Romance in this context is essentially equivalent to Fantasy. So it means a degree of nationalism that attributes fantastic or even Supernatural ideas to the country in question. If you believe that the United States is not just a really good country, but is chosen by God to be the leading country in the world, th... | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can't they run a pressurized oxygen line all the way to the top of Mount Everest so that climbers can use oxygen on the way up? | [
"Who would pay for it? No one \"needs\" to climb Mt everest so it's not really a necessity."
] | [
"Pilots don't require oxygen unless they are flying at an altitude of at least 14000 ft. Most mountains are not 14000 ft above sea level. Climbers who climb the tallest mountains in the world do require supplemental oxygen once they reach a certain altitude."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
-Jupiter’s “hurricane” | [
"Jupiter is much bigger, so the forces at work on its weather are much more intense and everything essentially works at a slower time scale. But the biggest reason is that Jupiter doesn't have land masses, because land masses are what ultimately tends to destroy hurricanes. Hurricanes generally consistently build u... | [
"Are you talking the same [shimmering color sometimes seen on roast beef?](_URL_0_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are you not supposed to take some meds on an empty stomach? Why does that play a role at all? | [
"It can hurt your stomach lining or make your acids out of control and possibly make you puke"
] | [
"Sounds like dehydration. It can do a lot of fucked up stuff to you. Headaches for sure. Do you breathe from your mouth when you sleep? The combination of both could probably dry out your throat quite a bit overnight overnight. Maybe look into a humidifier as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why, when we feel hot underneath the covers, does sticking one leg out cool us off, when obviously it is the body mass that is most uncomfortable? | [
"Because your foot shares the same blood supply as the rest of your body. When hot blood runs through your foot, and your foot now has access to cold air, it cools off while it is in your foot and then it gets pumped back to the rest of your body, cooling the rest of your body."
] | [
"Because you're sitting on the cold seat, which transfers heat much better than the air does when you are standing up outside. The seat pulls heat from your body more effectively than the air does and you feel colder. If it is windy outside, the moving air probably transfers heat better than the seat, so it feel mu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does electric eel doesn't hurt themselves or damage a vital organ when they electrify their prey? | [
"They flex themselves in a way so the electricity doesn't flow through their hearts, when they open the ion channels letting sodium flow therefore reversing polarity and causing a difference in electric potential. When they are charging they make an \"U\" shape and when discharging it they stiffen up straight a rul... | [
"The electricity disperses over distance and the strength of it weakens in large bodies of water. So It could maybe kill some fish nearby sometimes, but really it's just electricity going back to where it always is: in the earth. It's all static. Lightning strikes the earth 100 times per second, so a lot of it hits... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
how do energy companies safely obtain radioactive material for nuclear power plants? | [
"Reactor fuel, uranium, is mostly safe before it's put into the reactor. You can actually hold a chunk of uranium in your hand and be just fine, as long as you don't lick it, ingest it, or inhale any dust from it. It's mined from the ground, enriched a little bit depending on the type of reactor, and then formed in... | [
"It is powered by an RTG, a device that uses the heat from the decay of radioactive material to generate electricity for a long period of time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
When you Google a certain store or restaurant and it gives you a bar chart of peak times, where does the data come from? | [
"If you have an android device or Google maps, they track your location 24/7. If you're curious, Google lets you sign in and see the data they collected on their \"Google Maps Timeline\": [_URL_1_](_URL_1_) It's incredible. Time-stamped, accurate to a few feet, going back YEARS. So, when you see those peak usage... | [
"Everything you do in your life can be broken down into statistics. By keeping track of a few of these statistics, programs can figure out how to stay \"one step ahead\", so to speak. For a simple example, lets just say that you often ask your software \"Where are the nearest restaurants\", and 75% of the time you ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If rivers flow from land and into the ocean, then where does that water come from? | [
"Water evaporates from the oceans, becomes clouds, which drifts over the mountains and falls on the mountains as snow. In the spring and summer, the snow melts and becomes streams which become rivers which eventually flow into the oceans and the cycle repeats itself ad infinitum."
] | [
"Lakes have rivers flowing out of them, carrying salt and other minerals away. Water only leaves the sea by evaporation, which leaves the salt behind. If a lake has no rivers flowing out of it then it will also become salty, like the Dead Sea."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Environment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Environment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do doctors get rich? | [
"If you’re talking about a private practitioner then yes - they can set their own fees. You also have to consider that they are probably seeing A LOT of patients too. Most places set fees according to what the norm is in their area though. Also, if they are contracted with an insurance company they have to go by th... | [
"Doctors? Probably former surgeons that have lost their medical license but still know what's up. Source: i stayed at a holiday inn."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
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