query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do escalator handrails never run at the same speed as the escalator itself does? | [
"As Don-Slade has already kind of pointed out (at least in Germany) escalator handrails have to run a certain percentage faster than the escalators itself to pull your point of weight forward. By being just slightly faster, when you grab a hold of them, your weight will be distributed more to the front, thusly redu... | [
"It isn't really an elevator. The cars are attached together into a train, and then pulled up a track by a cable attached to a motor. The inside of each car can swing independently of the outside shell which allows the passengers to stay upright as it travels up the curved arch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What exactly causes Motion Sickness?Is this-a united mischief of Physics and Biology,treatable? | [
"Motion sickness appears when your center of balance control (your inner ear) and your eyes receive conflicting informations. For example, if you read in a car, your eyes don’t see that you move, but your inner ear can actually feel the car moving with you inside. Same thing for boats. As for why you will want to ... | [
"The Kill yourself receptors active when the fibers of each nail cause friction upon the board. Science is quite amazing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how can the universe be expanding, when it is growing in to space that already exists? Isn't that just discovery over expansion? | [
"Crudely, expansion isn't about moving into something, it's about the creation of more of what you have. Imagine the Universe as an infinitely large hotel. Every day the corridors are getting longer, and more rooms are appearing, but the hotel doesn't change where it is our how big it is... it's already infinite. W... | [
"Just from a logical point of view, if the universe is finite, what happens when you get to the edge? Is there anything outside it? If yes, then isn't that part of the universe? If no, is the edge some sort of barrier? What would it be made out of? Or does existence just stop once you pass the edge? An infinite un... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do exams have pages that say 'blank page do not write' or 'page left intentionally blank?' | [
"It's so the test taker knows that they are not missing a page. In any automated system there is the possibility of something going wrong, even printing. One of the first things you should do for any test is to go through the questions first and make sure no numbers are skipped. Mostly between the pages. So first p... | [
"One of the directions on my exams is always: \"Please write clearly and legibly, any answers or work the grader can not understand will be counted off\" Was there not something similar on the cover page before you started the exam?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Books:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Books:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how are some animals like squid and chameleons able to change their color? | [
"for squids : they have cells in their skin that can expand and contract to expose another layer of pigmented cells they also have cells in their skin that can reflect light in different ways by iridescence all of this combined allows them to shift their hue and texture"
] | [
"The only reason reptiles like snakes are brightly colored is to alert predators that they are poisonous. Birds are brightly colored to attract mates. Fish are brightly colored to attract mates and alert predators they are poisonous. Amphibians like frogs are brightly colored to alert predators they are poisonous. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where is the line between criticising Israel and being antisemitic? | [
"Antisemitism is negative treatment of someone purely for their jewish etnicity. Criticising Israel or specific jews can be perfectly valid - if for good reasons. The etnicity someone is born with is not a good reason."
] | [
"Rational criticism of Islam or Muslims based on factual evidence is not intrinsically Islamophobia, just as criticism of the tenets or followers of other religions or ethnic groups does not necessarily indicate bigotry or prejudice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How is radioactivity spread/contaminating anything that it comes into contact with? | [
"Often people misuse the words “radiation” and “radioactive contamination”. *Radiation* refers to energetic subatomic particles or light that is emitted from an atom. This includes alpha particles and beta particles (both subatomic sized) as well as gamma rays. *Radiation* is emitted in a straight line and causes c... | [
"Nuclear fallout is made up of the radioactive materials that are ejected in to the world after a nuclear incident or explosion. These are actual atoms that are radioactive. That is to say, they decay and as they do they release radiation, usually by emitting Alpha particles, Beta particles or electromagnetic radia... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why cannot there ever be a successful breeding between a human being and another animal? | [
"Huge over simplification; when you make a baby, its DNA comes equally from the mom and the dad. The DNA is a big set of building instructions, and a playbook of how to react to situations. For humans, we get every odd page from Mom, and even pages from Dad. Most of the time, the instructions still make sense. Chim... | [
"In short because they appear more biologically similar than they are. Do you have a specific case in mind?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is it we see the moon at daytime occasionally? | [
"The Moon does not stay on the side of the Earth opposite the Sun. It orbits the Earth, making a complete circle every 28 days. This means that it spends half its time on the same side of Earth as the Sun, making it visible for at least part of the daytime."
] | [
"It still rises in the east and sets in the west, but since it orbits us, the window in which it's visible changes throughout the course of a month. And yes, when we see it, those on the other side of the world cannot (much like the sun)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What do those short metal cored cylinders do for USB cables? | [
"They are what is known as \"ferrite chokes\". When there is a fast-rising spike in electricity, often caused by static electricity, the spike generates magnetism in the ferrite core, before it enters the device and caused errors. The core cannot absorb the energy of a large spike, however. For that you need input ... | [
"It's 3 cents cheaper and more durable because less wire and soldering is needed. But mainly the 3 cents cheaper part."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can medicine work so quickly if the digestion process takes a long time? | [
"Some drugs are absorbed into the blood stream through the stomach lining while others are absorbed into the blood stream in the intestines. I believe that if it's an acidic drug it absorbs in the stomach and alkaline absorbs in the intestine. The liver receives the drug through the blood stream so the quicker it g... | [
"There is a certain resting energy that our body uses, even if we sleep, to maintain our body's metabolism. Over the 8 hours or so that you sleep, you digest all the food and use it as the resting energy for your body systems. That's why breakfast is the most important meal of the day!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
In trading, what does liquidity mean and how does it work | [
"To put it simply, liquidity is the amount of supply and demand for a product. For instance, it is very easy to purchase Bank Of America stock because there is a lot of it, and people are constantly buying and selling it, and offering bids and offers. This means that there is a lot of liquidity for this stock. When... | [
"Everyday? Try every nanosecond. Just like other items in the market you can trade, such as stock or bonds, currency operates in a very similar manner, there are a trillion and one factors that go into how much a currency is worth compared to others, and these factors are changing non-stop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What’s the biological significance of puppies having “puppy coats”? And why do their patterns have to change once they’ve reached maturity? | [
"Perhaps it is like camouflage, just like in baby deer (that have spots) that disappear when they mature. Nature is pretty cool."
] | [
"Reproduction. Females develop sooner than males because one male can impregnate many females, but one female can only be impregnated by one male at a time. Males can also continue to impregnate women pretty much until the day they die, but females eventually hit menopause. As such, it is more important for females... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I know humans can't digest corn cellulose but how exactly corn survives hydrochloric acid? | [
"So typically the issue is not the exposure to acid. The corn is immersed in as much digestive acids as anything else you eat, however different food substances will be affected and digested and broken down at different rates of speed, your digestive track however is pretty much always working at about the same spe... | [
"Because we instead produce the enzymes and have a digestive system capable of digesting meat. The critters that can eat cellulose generally are full herbivores and can't do that, because their digestive systems are entirely geared around digesting cellulose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do our eyes burn/sting when something gets in them? | [
"The eyes are one of, if not the most sensitive part of the body, it's simply them getting irritated. Just like a corrosive substance will irritate your skin, the eyes are so sensitive that dust, smoke or even an eyelash will cause pain. Because they are so important, we evolved with super sensible eyes to protect... | [
"Your nose running is a direct consequence of your watery eyes. The excess fluid on your eyes drains into your nose, causing it to run. Your eyes can water for a number of reasons, but it's probably because they're dry and/or irritated. Do you wear contacts?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:"
} |
How does an internet search work? Do they get slower for each new internet page created or are there mecanisms to avoid that? | [
"The search engine couldn't search all websites each time someone puts in a search word. Instead, it creates a list of all words or phrases it finds on every webpage, and next to each word it writes down the links to every webpage containing that word. Now if someone puts in a search term, the search engine can sim... | [
"A site normally loads the general skeleton of the page first. This includes the ads. Now the ads are actually separate mini pages themselves, known as embedded pages or objects. These ads load on their own accord separate from the initial page and are normally run by a company like google that can pump you that im... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you sometimes simply 'feel' that somebody is looking at you? | [
"All the answers here are about you seeing somebody looking at you in your peripheral vision, but that's clearly not what you're asking. If you are asking why you can \"feel\" someone looking at you and it turns out to be true, that's the result of confirmation bias. You notice all the times that you \"feel\" some... | [
"It's not the wink itself but the meaning we've put along with it. So when someone winks at you it triggers the same feelings as someone verbally telling you they like you, or that they find you attractive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do stinging nettles hurt so much and what do they do to you? | [
"The leaves themselves have small almost invisible \"spikes\" or stings on the surface of them. These are coated in methanoic (formic) acid which is what actually hurts. The acid itself is actually extremely similar to vinegar so you should get a similar feeling pouring vinegar into dot sized cut :D"
] | [
"Grass defends itself from being eaten by having a lot of a material called silica in it. Silica makes grass tough and also causes lots of tiny scratches when it comes into contact with your skin (kind of like sand paper). When your body is scratched it releases histamines which are what cause the itchy feeling. Hi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what is autism exactly??? | [
"Shortly put, autism occurs due to the brain functioning in a different way. For some, this can be a barely notable \"different\" air about them while others are not very functional due to a brain that cannot function as most other's do. It is a spectrum, meaning \"autism\" has many severities and even comes under ... | [
"you want a lesson in genomics and genetic expression in ELI5? I want to see that too! Up vote for balls!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is it that I've felt really tired for the first 15 hours of my day and now at 1:00AM I suddenly feel wide awake? | [
"Because your sleep schedule is fucked, bro. You're forcing yourself to stay awake, and the body eventually tries to accommodate that, but the fact remains that you need sleep. It's possible to desperately need sleep and \"feel wide awake\" at the same time."
] | [
"I'm the same way. I get bad anxiety, racing thoughts, can't even get the energy to shower etc etc. If I pull an all-nighter, or only get a couple hours of sleep, the next day I feel amazing. Everything seems so calm and stable. I feel confident and full of motivation. Not manic...just....normal. For once I feel li... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and fatigue:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Sleep and fatigue:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health:"
} |
How do smokers' lungs get used to smoke, and can they then handle inhaling all smoke (e.g. fire)? | [
"The lungs don't get used to the smoke, it's just that there's not a very high concentration of smoke from the cigarette when you breathe in. The bigger thing is that your body recognizes the ash particles / the smoke when you try to breathe it in, and that can force you to cough the first few times, but eventually... | [
"Yup. ALL smoke is harmful. Not just tobacco smoke. Smoke from wood fires is incredibly toxic. It might smell nice, but it is hazardous to your health, and repeated exposure can cause the same problems as smoking cigarettes. Same goes for marijuana smoke and herbal cigarettes. Your lungs are extremely sensitive, a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How/Why is the animation in the Spongebob movies different from the TV show? | [
"This happens with all cartoons that are made into movies if you watch The Simpsons Movie you'll also notice this it's mostly because they have a better budget, a bigger one.. to work with for a movie, because unlike television, the movie makes more money."
] | [
"Not so much anymore. A lot of modern shows use digital puppets and asset replacement to change characters' facial expressions. Just look how lazy and boring looking modern Simpsons and Family Guy are. Animation reuse, of course, goes way back. Look at old He-man episodes to see some really blatant examples."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does being obese feel so light | [
"Because when the fat is inside you, it's more evenly distributed around your body rather than being in one place. And because you become accustomed to it."
] | [
"some people are fat some are not its all about how they treat themselves"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did people start measuring distance at sea where it's water all around? | [
"Speed of ship and stars. Drop a buoy in the water from the front and count the time it takes to get to aft. That gives you the knots or speed. Do that every so often and navigate by stars. Wasn't accurate like gps but it worked well enough at the time. Also ocean currents weren't really known of back then."
] | [
"It’s also worth noting that Erastosthenes didn’t discover that the Earth is round...people had recognized the curvature of the Earth for a very long time. Ships disappear bottom first when going beyond the horizon, which wouldn’t happen if the Earth were flat...they’d simply continue shrinking until they are too s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
At low tide, where does the receding water physically go? | [
"To the area where the tide is high."
] | [
"Ocean water is not 'fresh'. Rain water is not salty, but as it runs off through lakes, streams and rivers to the sea it accumulates small amounts of salt from the rocks that it flows over. It is a very small amount and you don't notice it when it is flowing (river water may get muddy, but won't seem salty). But w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the majority of the Earth's landmass in the northern hemisphere? | [
"It's mostly a coincidence. Same reason a majority of the land is bunched together on the same side of the globe. The pacific ocean is almost half of the earth's surface area, but it's tough to see on a normal map since that's where it's cut."
] | [
"The reason why the climate appear to be different is because of the distribution of land. The southern hemisphere has a lot more water than the northern hemisphere. Since water temperature doesn't change too much throughout the year, the temperatures and climate in the south are more steady throughout the year. Al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do saying or writing our thoughts out can help relieve stress? | [
"Once you express a thought, the brain “checks it off the list,” considering it a done deal even if you don't actually act on the thought you express. This is also why you might feel less motivated toward a goal after telling someone about it."
] | [
"Because they can feel good about something and it distracts them from their regular lives."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do mathematicians measure pi to over 200 million digits? | [
"It's calculated by supercomputers. There's a few infinite series such as the Gregory Leibniz series that can be used to calculate the exact value. The current record is 31.4 trillion digits, calculated by Google on this π day"
] | [
"A full size Go board has 19 x 19 = 361 points where a stone can be placed. A point can either be empty, contain a black stone, or contain a white stone. Thus, in a single game position there are 3 options for the first point, 3 for the second, 3 for the third, and so on. This results in 3^361 possible combinations... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When the doctor/nurse takes blood from you, why do they try to find a vein, not an artery? And also why is this mainly done on the arm as opposed to other parts of the body? | [
"They use your arm because it is easy and convenient to get at. They use veins because they don't want to kill you."
] | [
"Depends on if the medicine works best injected directly into a vein or a muscle. Arm is the easiest and least inconvenient for a shot into the bloodstream, a shot in the ass hurts less than other muscles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Roe v Wade concluded that the right to abortion follows from the right to privacy. What was the reasoning behind this? | [
"The right to privacy include bodily privacy meaning that a person have the right to decide what happen to their own body. Basically, nobody have the right to use your body without your consent to stay alive including an unborn child."
] | [
"The 4 dissenting justices have the belief that the Constitution, from a legal perspective, just simply does not guarantee the right to a same sex marriage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
what is special about sex that makes it possible for some diseases to only be sexually transmitted? | [
"It's the transfer of fluids mixed with mucus membrane in the genitals. Anal is extra receptive to transfer due to the high absorbancy in the skin wall."
] | [
"If the person contracted HIV/AIDs through another source, say sharing dirty needles. While HIV can be spread sexually that is not the only way it can spread."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happened in the Tiananmen Square and what is the backstory/context and the consensus on what happened? | [
"Intellectuals and students were protesting the Chinese communist government and it's policies. Protests against communist regimes were commonplace in the late 80's near the fall of the Soviet Union. The Chinese government responded with a violent crack-down by rolling tanks into the square and putting town the pro... | [
"Interesting question. I studied a little bit of East Asian history in college, China's history in the 19th and 20th centuries is extremely interesting. Along the same lines as your question, I'm also curious to know: what were the driving factors that brought about the terms of the Joint Declaration in 1984? It se... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Social issues:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Social issues:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Before electrics, how did pipe organs work? | [
"A *lot* of adjoined levers and pulley systems. Before the advent of electronic and digital systems everything was based on mechanical principles. Edit: [here is a YouTube video giving a rough explanation of a mechanical organs innards](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"In history, Calcants or Bellow-Treaders, would operate the wind bellows that gave pipe organs their wind to blow with. These were often highly paid and expensive personnel to hire, so organists would practice on other items like harpsicords or clavicords instead of on the organs themselves. During the 1800s, most ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If the sun never sets during arctic summers how come it's still cold? | [
"Because near the poles, the sun’s rays hit the earth at extreme angles. Although the sun is “up” all day long, it doesn’t travel across the sky from one horizon to the other, peaking high above. It travels along the horizon as if it is always close to sunrise or sunset."
] | [
"Sometimes the sun is in the sky alone, sometimes the moon is in the sky alone, sometimes they are both in the sky. If the sun is in the sky, we call it day so sometimes we will see the moon during the day. If, on the other hand, we called it night when the moon is in the sky, then we would sometimes see the sun at... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the C computer language compiler was written in C. How did it get compiled if there was no C compiler until it was written? | [
"The first C compiler was written in B. That sounds like a joke, I know, but it's true. C was originally called \"NB\" for \"New B.\" Dennis Ritchie wrote up the history of C for his website at Bell Labs, which you can read here: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Computers, and computer technology, are not static. As they develop and gain new functionality, the tools used to develop programs for these systems need to develop, too. Occasionally there'll be several options (in this case, programming languages) and one will just develop faster. And occasionally new tools dev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does temperature affect how much water vapor the air can “hold”. | [
"Think of it instead as affecting the water instead of the air. Higher temperatures make the water molecules jiggle harder, so that of two water molecules happen to stick together, they'll soon jiggle apart. At lower temperatures, the molecules jiggle less, so they stick together more, and droplets can form."
] | [
"Think of it like sugar in your tea. 100% means there is as much sugar dissolved in your tea as possible. If you add any more, it won't dissolve, instead it will stay as a solid and sit at the bottom of your cup. Water \"dissolves\" in air in the same way when it evaporates and turns into water vapour, which is an ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
do planes have to keep tilting down for long flights to make up for the earth's curvature? | [
"No. Gravity is pulling them down while the lift from the wings is pushing them up. They stay at a constant height above the surface of the planet."
] | [
"Ever climbed a mountain before? I summited mt rainier a couple years ago (14500 ft) and was a bit lightheaded. At 30-30k ft, theres only a few percentages of the oxygen available at sea level. You wouldnt last more than a few minutes. So airplane cabins are pressurized for 7000-8000 ft. The air inside the plane is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does your stomach know the difference between food/liquid - bowels/bladder? | [
"Simply, it doesn't. Solid food is broken down in your intestines and eventually expelled from your bowel. On the way, blood vessels extract moisture from your bowel contents by osmosis. Your kidneys filter your blood, and extract excess minerals and water, which are excreted from your bladder in the form of urine... | [
"Because you're some combination of young, healthy, and lucky. Spicy foods can definitely irritate the lining of the esophagus, increase the production of stomach acid, and lower the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter. tl;dr spicy foods can cause double heartburn. But as for why you don't feel the spice in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what is the difference between a single-celled organism and just a regular cell? | [
"A single cell organism can reproduce on its own. A cell inside a multicellular organism might undergo a mitosis for the purpose of organ building and cell replacement, but will not be able to achieve reproduction."
] | [
"Well because of the cnidarian life cycle. Cniderea is the family corals and jellyfish are in. In most members of the family there is the polyp stage and the jellyfish stage. Some species spend their whole lives in one stage like coral, or most of their lives in another like jellyfish. In a syphonophore (like the m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why, after so many years, printers are still poorly designed and constantly run into problems? | [
"Printer tech here. The reason for most printers jamming is due to crappy paper and/or dirty rollers and improper humidity. The pickup and feed rollers become dirty due to paper dust and more commonly regular dust. This causes the rollers/tires to slip on the paper causing paper to not feed straight anymore. Too dr... | [
"Because it is notorious for being one of the slowest browsing programs and has also had some pretty big security issues in the past."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Technology:"
} |
Why do sensations such as heartbreak/sadness/anxiety feel like physical pain? | [
"To grossly oversimplify, negative emotions like heartbreak, rejection, and embarrassment, trigger some of the same regions in the brain as physical pain. Specifically, the secondary somatosensory cortex and dorsal posterior insula. Processing these emotions as if they were physical pain helps your brain teach itse... | [
"Like other senses, pain doesn't come straight from the nerves--the experience of pain is the brain's *interpretation* of the nervous signals. Dreams or your imagination can cause very real pain, just like you can have highly realistic hallucinations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Psychology:"
} |
how do cameras in movies get a shot of someone looking into a mirror from behind without the camera being in the shot? | [
"Usually, it's just angle trickery, the mirror is angled to not have the camera in it. Other times, it's removed via CGI. Other times it's very complex with multiple mirrors and identical sets through windows giving the illusion of a reflection."
] | [
"Mirrors don't flip images, the mirror is displaying exactly what is in front of it. For example when you stand in front of the mirror you see your right arm on the right. That is because it is directly in front of that portion of the mirror. So...when you are standing in front of the mirror your head is at the top... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I need help with anti VAX. | [
"Anti vaxxers have heard it all before and decided not to listen to it. There is no way to use rational argument against an irrational opponent. This is the sort of game where refusing to play makes you the real winner."
] | [
"_URL_0_ Top 3 comments cover into this, in short it's way beyond that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about astronomy:"
} |
How is the velocity of a spaceship measured? | [
"The velocity of a spacecraft is measured by taking advantage of something called the *Doppler effect.* If you've ever watched an ambulance go past you, you've heard the pitch of the siren change as it approaches and goes past you, right? That frequency shift is directly related to the object's velocity relative to... | [
"I believe the velocity of the cop car is simply subtracted from the result."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does carved ice last so long without instantly melting? | [
"Most people imagine ice at 32f/0c degrees, because 32 is the freezing/melting point of ice, but the ice itself gets as cold as the freezer it is stored. A typical freezer is 0° F (-18° C). So when removed from the freezer, the ice must first warm up enough, even to allow the outside to begin to melt. Air is also ... | [
"The ice cubes are below freezing. When you pour water on them, some of it freezes between them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does splitting an atom create so much energy using the law of conservation of energy? | [
"Normal energy in chemical reactions comes from the bonds between electrons and the positively charged nucleus. Energy in nuclear reactions come from the bonds between nucleons (protons and neutrons). It's not that splitting an atom inherently liberates energy, but that some atomic nuclei are in high-energy states,... | [
"If you fuse two Hydrogen atoms to produce a Helium atom, the Helium atom will weigh slightly less than two Hydrogen atoms. The missing mass became energy during fusion. The \"daughter products\" of a fission reaction will also weigh less than the original atoms; again, the lost mass became energy. There would be n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When light passes through a colored translucent object, how does the light take on that color. (How does the light “pick up” the color of the thing it passes through?) | [
"White light contains all colors in it. The colored translucent object absorbs all the colors except the color it lets through. For example, red stained glass absorbs all the light except for the red which passes through."
] | [
"The color of an object is defined by which wavelengths of light they reflect. A blue ball for example absorb all wavelengths except for blue, which it reflects. The sun comes in to play because it's what makes the light, but the surface of the object it shines on defines the color of the object. If the sun produce... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the new heart start beating again after a heart transplant? | [
"It’s simple. Apply electricity. Once all the appropriate conduction pathways are reconnected, and assuming there’s no damage to the donor heart, it’s would work as intended."
] | [
"A heart attack is a blockage of blood flow to the heart. A cardiac arrest is when the heart stops 'beating.' A heart attack can cause cardiac arrest, but not all cardiac arrests are caused by heart attacks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is it exactly that determines the frequency of a piezoelectric material? | [
"piezoelectric crystals physically resonate much like a tuning fork, a large tuning fork can fit a longer wavelength, and hence will have a lower frequency than a small one."
] | [
"I believe the process involves passing a current through a Quartz crystal and using contact-based sensors to react to its vibrations. This works because Quartz vibrates a known number of times per second while exposed to a charge, creating a (mostly) reliable counter on which to base the passage of time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
What makes things go stale? | [
"Evaporation of any liquid inside the food - Why bread gets hard and stiff. & #x200B; Bacteria breaking down components in food (fat, protein, sugars etc.) and their waste product contaminating the food itself - Why the food will decolour, smell bad, taste goes bad and begin to rot (You are basically eating bacter... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How can the official motto of USA be "In God We Trust", while 1st Amendment states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof"? | [
"Its not the official motto. It was written on to the money in the 50's in order to differentiate from the godless Soviet communist, not making that up at all, please fact check me."
] | [
"No. We have a representative democracy at the federal level. Some cities and states allow for referendums, but not the federal government. Congress has the power...\"To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitut... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How can humans share so much DNA with Lettuce, Banannas and Mushroom's? Do we share the same ancestors? | [
"Because there's a lot of DNA that codes for stuff common to all multicellular life. How to build a cell membrane, how to build a nucleus, how to make the proteins that hold everything together, how to make and use ATP, how to transport ions, there is so much stuff that is just like \"here are the basic mechanics a... | [
"We didn't come from monkeys, monkeys and humans come from the same shared ancestor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
[Psychological] Why do children love screaming when they play? | [
"Not being mature enough yet to deal with the overstimulation?"
] | [
"Men learn to suppress that reaction as they grow up. Little boys also scream when they get startled."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:"
} |
How does the UN work? | [
"All the countries that are members of the United Nations send representatives to the council, and they have meetings, discussions, and hopefully agreements over all the subjects that are important to people all over the planet. \"The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining inter... | [
"Only if the federal government let it. See: American Civil War"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do ears help in keeping balance? | [
"There are little canals in your ears with hair and fluid. When you move the fluid moves, the hair recognizes that movement and sends the signal to the brain. It detects both angular and linear movements, and therefore the ears can literally detect in which position your head is. But in the end it's your brain that... | [
"They are trying to hear you more efficiently, based on the shape of their heads and where their ears are currently pointing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do coffee drinkers feel more clear headed after consuming caffeine? Why do some get a headache without it? Does caffeine cause any permanent brain changes and can the brain go back to 'normal' after years of caffeine use? | [
"As far as we can tell there is no long term changes done by consuming caffeine. The changes we see is mostly related to the body adapting to the caffeine by getting more tired on a normal bases. Think of it as producing anti-caffeine to negate the effects. So people who are addicted to caffeine needs caffeine to s... | [
"Genetics has a very strong role in determining how sensitive someone is to drugs. You'll find that with any medication, recreational drug (illegal or legal), and even many foods (basically anything you take into your body) affect people differently. We may all be human, but we are all unique humans. On the subject... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do people have different skin colours? | [
"Different skin colours help in different climates, darker skin tones nearer the equator, lighter towards the North and south poles etc"
] | [
"How your parents pass down hair color is different from how they pass down facial hair color."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What are endocrine and exocrine in hormone system? | [
"The best example of this is the pancreas, since it has both endocrine and exocrine parts. Endocrine means the things are secreted directly into your blood. The endocrine part of the pancreas makes insulin. It secretes insulin into your blood system. Exocrine means secreted through an epithelium (or endothelium), t... | [
"Pharmacist - Bone marrow contain a special type of stem cell. These divide and multiply. Under the influence of various hormones, some of them mature into the various cellular components of blood. While there are many types of such cells they are generally referred to as white or red blood cells. One of the treatm... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why aren't iPhone viruses more common? What does Apple do that makes iPhones so secure virus-wise? | [
"They don't allow iPhone owners to modify and screw around with their products as much as Google does with Android. The devices are locked down more. Also, they have much stricter quality control requirements for their App Store. The Google Play store deletes harmful apps if they are detected but that doesn't mean... | [
"They do, its just that there are a lot more Windows PCs out there. The entire purpose of a Virus on a computer is to cause as much trouble as you can before anti-virus updates and eliminates it. Ergo, if you want to cause as much trouble as you can, you write it for windows, not OSX or Linux. There are plenty of e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do scars sometimes hurt after they heal? | [
"The skin has healed but the nerve endings don’t necessarily heal at the same rate as skin. Nerves can take up to years to heal."
] | [
"Because there was more there than just surface bruising. There is still underlying damage, hence the pain, even though the surface discoloration is gone. Bruising and other injuries can take a long time to heal. If it doesn't get better soon, I'd recommend a doctor visit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Health and Wellness:"
} |
On hills or even mountains why doesn’t trees not grow according to the slope? Why do they turn up? | [
"Think about it this way: Why/how would the tree even know the slope of the ground at the bottom of the tree? It doesn’t. Trees tend to grow vertically, in response to gravity."
] | [
"They have to go around hills and valleys without going up and down to much. Therefore, they gently curve around to keep the road relatively level."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How light can bounce off objects but it has no mass. | [
"Light does not \"bounce.\" A photon of light is absorbed by an atom, which excites an electron in that atom. The electron then relaxes, which causes the atom to give off (or emit) a photon of light. Think of it more like a person catching and then throwing a ball, as compared to a ball bouncing off of a wall."
] | [
"Why would you think you would be able to walk through it. It's still mass it simply lets some light through. The only difference between glass and other substances is that it doesn't absorb or reflect much light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
What is 'healthy food'? | [
"There is no universal healthy food. The trick to healthy life is to eat all kinds of food in reasonable amounts."
] | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do toilets bowls most notably in America fill up during a flush before the water has appeared, and then almost empty before rising to the normal level? | [
"Some toilets in the US flush like this but usually I see them in commercial buildings. Those usually dont have a basin and are connected to a direct water feed. There is piping, in the ceramic bowl, that feeds a portion of the high pressure water directly into the trap under the toilet bowl to help pull stuff down... | [
"Depends on the toilet. Some toilets work by sucking the water, others just pump in water until a siphoning effect is created. The former may suck you down to the seat, the latter would have no effect on you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does your stomach hurt after running for a long time? | [
"Simply put the blood that your internal organs need to break down the food inside your belly gets rediverted to the muscles that are used when running. The feeling of pain is the stomachs cry for blood. That also explains why it is alot easier to run on an empty stomach."
] | [
"Something is really fucked up with your body if you throw up after walking up the stairs. Go see a doctor ASAP."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do musicians that actively talk about their illegal drug consumption not immediately get arrested, if their music acts as a confession? | [
"Simple: Their music doesn't act as a confession. Music is a performance, you wouldn't arrest an actor for being a murderer just because they play one in a movie would you? Similarly you wouldn't arrest Eric Clapton for admitting he shot the sheriff, and you can't arrest a rapper for saying they are \"ridin' dirty\... | [
"It's made illegal so that law enforcement officers can make effort to prevent it if they see a person attempting suicide."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do you still feel the motion of waves after a long day at the beach? | [
"It is a form of vertigo. Your brain adjusts to the feeling and it becomes normal. When you are back on land, your brain continues to go through the same process, trying to keep you up right, even though it's not needed anymore."
] | [
"You never closed your eyes while being outside in the sun, did you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
why do comets take a sharp turn near the sun instead of continuing past it a longer distance that's more equal to their voyage toward the sun? | [
"The main issue is how much angular momentum they have with respect to the sun (or other body being orbiter). Starting from a great distance away they have time to accelerate a lot toward the sun from its gravity, but they don't have the momentum to the side to form a roughly circular orbit like the planets do. As ... | [
"roughly they do. this is because the planets formed from a solar nebula, which is kind of like a cloud orbiting around the sun on a flat plane. the fact the pluto doesnt orbit on a flat plane is part of the reason its no longer considered a planet"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
"Zero Tolerance Machining" | [
"Zero tolerance machining is a bit of a misnomer, it really is just any form of machining with incredibly low tolerances. Parts manufactured by Electronic Discharge Machining (EDM), usually the ones you are describing, can have dimensions accurate to the millionth of an inch scale. EDM involves a wire or electrode ... | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are the front of commuter trains flat? | [
"There are 2 main kinds of air resistance or drag at low speeds: form drag and skin drag. Form drag refers to drag resulting from a objects geometry on the front/leading or end/trailing edges while skin drag is caused by friction with the air along the objects length as air moves over its surfaces. It turns out th... | [
"Sand is spread on the track when the train needs extra traction. Under the seats along the sides of the carriage is just a convenient place to store the sand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Transportation:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Transportation:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it so much harder to stay awake when someone next to you is sleeping? | [
"This is definitely just my own thoughts, as I’m not sure there is a medical reason, but likely the person sleeping next to you is a friend or someone very close to you, emotionally. People have a nature tendency to mimic those they feel close to (we see this in apes too). So if they cross their legs, you do the sa... | [
"I was actually thinking about this the other day because I'm the kind of person seems to never get comfortable. I found out if you stretch and loosen up your muscles you'll have an easier time sitting still or even falling asleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did early humans know how to make fire? | [
"We didn't for quite awhile. People took the Olympic Torch method with it and just kept one burning constantly. Our relationship with fire was probably fairly quick to understand that if you can find a fire you can bring one back with you. Us actually understanding how to supply the ignition source was probably an ... | [
"We don't know. For all of the amazing things we're able to discover with modern science, we still haven't been able to figure out how the brain works."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Neuroscience:"
} |
How do we measure how many calories are in food and drinks? | [
"Using a device called 'calorimeter'. A calorie is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C. You use the calorimeter to burn a piece of food and the released energy is used to heat a known quantity of water. From this information, you calculate the number of calories."
] | [
"Calories are the amount of energy your body can extract from an item of food. Water does not provide energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do video games need high budgets? | [
"Indeed, paying the staff is the main reason why games cost so much. Play a game and count how many names appear in the credits for it. Then realize that they have to pay the salary of every single person who worked on the game, most of whom are highly skilled professionals with training in that field. That adds up... | [
"Game Developers have tried to make games realistic, but it turns out that doing so makes the game significantly less fun to play. So game developers nudge a lot of things away from reality to make them more fun. About the only place games are realistic these days are the gun models."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can people take clear pictures of celestial bodies? Given both earth and that celestial body are constantly moving. And on top of it, earth's rotating. | [
"Because they are really big and far away. Think of it like looking out at a mountain in a fast car/train, or a cloud thats moving at wind speed. Though we are moving and rotating really fast celestial bodies are really big and really far away so we can get a good photo."
] | [
"The size of earths orbit is tiny compared to how far away other stars are. The position of earth in its orbit does change our perspective on stars, but not enough for you to notice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a luxury tax as it refers to sports teams? How does signing potential free agents possibly impose the tax on a team? | [
"It is a sort of soft cap. A hard cap like football is you can’t spend more than x amount of money on player salary . A luxury tax is a soft because you can spend more than the cap but at a penalty. If you spend more than x amount of money you will have to pay a penalty of a certain percentage for every dollar you ... | [
"Because of smaller number of players on the court (5) and nature of the game, one great player can have a much greater impact (MJ, LeBron, Kobe, etc.). Additionally, NBA has a soft salary cap that allowed more flexibility to re-sign players and go over the cap (by paying a luxury tax). In contrast, the NFL has mor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What is MOA (Minute of Angle)? Its used alot in target shooting and hunting. | [
"There's 60 minutes in a degree; they're used when a degree isn't precise enough. I know very little about shooting (guns), but I know a lot about math, so that's my best guess."
] | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about finance:"
} |
How do MREs not expire? There are channels on youtube that review some of them that are from 1980s or older? | [
"It's all about how well they are stored and what they are designed for. If you look at what goes into an MRE today, or what went into ration containers over the last century you'll see some common things. Anything that spoils on its own is removed. Anything that can spoil is packed in a way that minimizes the ris... | [
"While there is actual chemical breakdown where certain items eventually do become less effective or physically break down (items from 1970 would likely not be very effective for instance), most of it's marketing designed to get people to toss stuff out and replace it. It's even the same with foods: The 'best by' d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How and why does the body/brain become "alcohol dependent" after continuous drinking? And what makes it possible for an alcoholic to experience seizures, hallucinations, heart failure, etc. (the "DTs") when they stop drinking? | [
"The brain produces chemicals it needs to function normally and ethanol puts up a wall blocking their action. In response the output of those chemicals is increased to compensate. If you were to suddenly remove the wall, the now high dose of those chemicals cause all kinds of nasty effects, including death. They mu... | [
"I'm going to say physical addiction because you're body has become so physically dependent on a drug, if you stop doing it you can go through severe withdrawal including seizures, delirium, heart arrhythmia and even death. For example, people who have been using opiates long term often have to take a medication c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do scabs disintegrate after prolonged exposure to water? | [
"Scabs are principally clumps of clotted platelets (one type of cell in blood) the air-exposed part of which dries out and hardens. Rehydration can restore the \"wet\" version of scab in part and make it less structurally stable. Add movement (such as the flow of water in a shower) and the sloughing away of the clo... | [
"It has antibiotics which can help kill bacteria so your body doesn't have to. It also has jells, which act as a sort of band-aid, preventing dirt and other bacteria from getting in. The net effect is your body has less to fight off during the healing process."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do all the planets orbit the sun horizontally instead of vertically, or at random angles? | [
"Imagine it’s like making pizza dough. The spinning, pushing and pulling force causes what once was a sphere of dough to spread out into a flat circle. But the middle is incredibly dense, so it’s pulling all that back in at the same time. That’s the way it was explained to me at least"
] | [
"The earth rotates in a plane around the sun. The rotation of the Earth along its axis doesn't match this plane. Therefore the Earth is tilted on its axis. Yes, you could change the orientation of how you are looking at Earth such that it was rotating in a way that looked non-tilted. But then the Earth's orbit ar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If neutering or spaying an animal is necessary to prevent unwanted babies, why not just give them a hysterectomy or vasectomy instead? Do the remaining hormones still have other negative effects? | [
"Spaying a female animal IS a hysterectomy - the uterus is removed. Yes, the hormones are a reason for neutering male animals. Testosterone can cause aggressive, territorial behaviour such as fighting and spray-marking, or wandering in search of females."
] | [
"Necessary for what? A non-neutered cat will survive just fine. However, neutering can reduce the chance of an unwanted and unanticipated litter, if you have a potentially reproductive pair, or your animal escapes. It can also reduce some behaviors that many pet owners consider undesirable, like spraying. It can po... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When suspects are being interviewed, why are they advised by their lawyer to say “no comment”? | [
"Literally anything you say can be used against you. You wont help yourself by speaking to the police in any way."
] | [
"Yup. Absolutely. The only thing they can't do is use violence (or threats of violence) to obtain a confession. It's why if you're ever questioned by the police in the U.S. you should *not* speak to them. You ask for a lawyer, and then say nothing. Especially if you're innocent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
WHat causes split ends? | [
"With my hair, it's the result of a hair snapping partway along. Kinda like bending a twig back and forth until it breaks - it doesn't break cleanly. Then if it gets the chance, the rough broken end opens up along the hair and *voila*, split end."
] | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When you cut something in half, what happens to the stuff in the middle? Does it fall off or is it destroyed? Or has it just been pushed to either side? | [
"short answer: it depends. things are made of atoms. atoms are extremely small. atoms bond together in different ways to make up hard objects. some of the ways they bond are strong, and some are weaker. when you cut something it breaks some of these weaker bonds and separates the atoms. & #x200B; so the stuff in ... | [
"So you're falling into a black hole feet first. At some point, the gravity pulling the lower half of your body is so much greater than the gravity pulling on the upper half, that you are torn apart. Then the same thing happens to each of the halves of your body. The parts keep getting torn into smaller parts until... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does drinking juice hurt when you have a sore throat? | [
"Juice is acidic and causes a stinging on abbrased or inflamed tissue such as when your throat is sore Example: poor lemon juice on a cut, same effect"
] | [
"Your body starts to react when you haven’t had the necessary amount of nutrients or other important necessities. How long has your throat been hurting for? How long has it been since you’ve eaten that makes your throat sore. Basically your body is telling you that you need to maintain a healthy eating routine. Al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can space bend, expand, and ripple if it’s just an empty void? | [
"We don't know. The best professional ideas we have are to try and treat spacetime as if it is some kind of particle field. This not gone very well at all. The most popular of these ideas is something called String Theory. It is not a theory, but String Hypothesis doesn't roll off the tongue. String Theory is unte... | [
"The universe might be easier to understand if you think of it as \"all of the matter in existence\" instead of the space in which the matter exists. Singularity, in this case suggests that all the matter in the universe was packed into a nearly infinitely small ball... AND the rest of the space in which the univer... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why aren’t commercial aircraft using electric engines? Aviation is a huge carbon emission source after all. | [
"Batteries are heavy. An electric airliner isn't really an option. They also need to fly frequently, landing to deliver passengers then turning around to take off with more, and recharging an aircraft for ages also won't work."
] | [
"Aside from the economies of scale for power generation. Many countries are moving towards renewable power generation as well which compounds the environmental impact reduction. But if you really want to have an honest conversation about it, ask about the heavy metals and rare earth mineral mining that it takes to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why and what makes clouds opaque? | [
"So there's a fun feature in physics called Mie Scattering, and it only works in spherical drops. If the drops and the wavelength of light are about the same size, then all colors (wavelengths) of light scatter about equally. In even simpler terms, the length of the waves of light in a cloud are about the same siz... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Meteorology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Meteorology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do wine “spoil” so quickly after being opened as opposed to hard liquor? | [
"Others pointed out the wine oxidizes, but they missed the main thing: There are air-breathing bacteria that can survive a moderate alcohol content, turning the stuff into acetic acid (aka vinegar). The way they used to make vinegar was to just take wine, cider, beer or any other alcoholic beverage, and let it sit... | [
"Hard liquor such as vodka have near limitless shelf lives when unopened, however, once the seal is broken and the liquor has been exposed to the air it will only last around 6-8 months"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do sharks have to continuously move to breathe but fish can breathe just fine while sitting still? | [
"It depends on the fish. & #x200B; Some fish(and sharks by proxy) have to keep moving to keep water over their gills. & #x200B; Some have the ability to use their mouths to push water over their gills to be able to breathe, and thus can be immobile."
] | [
"Whales are mammals, they need to breath air. They are not fish, so they can't extract oxygen from water and stay down forever. Instead they breach to breathe and just hold their breath a long time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does cutting onions open hurt our eyes? | [
"When you cut an onion, the onion releases a gas which combines with the water in your eyes to form a mild acid. This acid is the burning feeling you get."
] | [
"Capsaicin in chili peppers binds to spots on the tongue that make the brain think the mouth is literally on fire, and the best way the body has to flush it out is a runny nose and watery eyes. Also, this gets asked fairly often. Better to search first."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do restaurants charge your card for tips after having already run them? | [
"When they run your card, they are preauthorizing a charge to your card for the minimum amount of your bill with zero tip. They get approval from the card issuer for the minimum amount, but the transaction is left open until they know what tip you left. When they see the tip, they add that to the preauthorized char... | [
"Make sure the credit card is activated. Then give it to the waitress. When they bring back the receipt add a tip and sign it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Cooling Sheets/Pillows Magic? | [
"To understand that, you need to know that there is more than temperature of an item that determines how hot/cold it feels. It is mostly about how quickly heat enters or leaves your body, which is dependent on a property called thermal conduction. Something very conductive, like metal or stone, will feel much colde... | [
"Coke: Can Dr Pepper: Bottle Barq's (Root Beer): Bottle Mountain Dew: Can Source- Caffeine Addict"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how can employment rate be 70% instead of 93% if unemployment rate is 7%? | [
"Because \"employment rate\" takes into account people who do not wish to work, or are not actively seeking work, while \"unemployment rate\" excludes these people."
] | [
"If you're asking how it's calculated: There are three groups of people considered: people who have jobs, people unemployed but looking for work, and people unemployed but *not* looking for work (students, retirees, stay at home parents, etc). The first two groups are are added together, and the percentage of *that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are busses significantly safer than cars when they have far fewer safety features (eg airbags, seatbelt etc)? | [
"1. They are very large and heavy so a collision with a small car doesn't crush them, or even completely stop them. 2. They are professionally driven."
] | [
"Such a seatbelt would be very restrictive in mobility and it would probably just lead to more people not wearing a seatbelt at all. The belts we have today are perfectly adequate for protecting you in most collisions and they are good at balancing safety with comfort and convenience."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does the water pressure drop a little bit once the water heats up? | [
"Do you mean water flow? Usually rubber in taps expands when it heats so the flow decreases."
] | [
"It doesn't \"go\" anywhere. It's not flowing. The water in your pipes doesn't go anywhere when you shut off the faucets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How come you can go for days without eating and not feel hungy when you're sick? | [
"Your body usualy has \"reserves\" that can sustain you for a while. When you're sick, it can prioritize healing, not \"waste energy\" digesting and to avoid chances of ingesting more contaminants (more things to fight off). So it doesn't send you hunger signals. (Ofc that can go wrong, especialy if you don't have ... | [
"First, Lucky you. Second, your desire for sex goes to basically nothing. Like eating a really good meal till you're full. Yes, you enjoyed it, but well, you're full, you're not going to eat that meal again, you just need to wait till you're atleast a little hungry again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How you can isolate the vocals on a song using the instrumental | [
"It depends on how the song is mixed, and it generally works better with tracks that are in mono rather than stereo. It’s to do with a thing called phase cancellation - exactly the same way noise cancelling headphones work. You play a sound, and at the same time you play the same sound but with the waveform flipped... | [
"The songs each also have their own volume settings in addition to your music player."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why can faking confidence develop into real confidence but faking happiness doesn’t develop into real happiness? | [
"Is it a fact that faking confidence can be real and that faking happiness can’t be? Does anyone have data on that?"
] | [
"They feel emotions, but don't let them impact their decisions. For example, if I get angry with you, but don't punch you in the face. It's not about turning off emotions, it's about having self-control."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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