query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How is insurance profitable for insurance companies? | [
"> What am I missing here? Risk pools and terms. The life insurance company is offering you $100k in coverage for $20/month for some fixed amount if time (let's say 20 years). Their also offering it to thousands of other people too. Let's say they think there's a 4% chance you'll die over the 20 years. On the surfa... | [
"Pregnant women qualify for Medicaid, which is paid for by the government, if they do not have insurance. The Medicaid cuts off for the woman after the child is born, but will continue to cover the child until it's 18 years old if the mother cannot get health insurance for the family from a private insurance compan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do our reflexes make us close our eyes partially when we hear a loud noise? | [
"I think because its a defence mechanism to protect our eyes..involuntarily closure.. youre body senses something unsafe.. usually a loud noise is because something fell or dangerous happened as your brain has learned this over time"
] | [
"Many animals, including people, have a natural instinct to respond to specific stimuli in a variety of ways. For example low sounds are often a trait of animal growls or roars, a good sign you need to get the fuck out of there. Sudden noises in the silence are also a good example. If you sneak up on a deer and sna... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do spiders not get stuck to their own web? | [
"Not all parts of the web are sticky. *If I remember right* (since I'm too lazy to google it right now) the radial stands (the straight ones from the middle out) are not sticky. The circular strands are. The spider just walks on the radial strands"
] | [
"Cobwebs are made by spiders in a specific family called the Theridiidae. They make sticky silk which is why you see them gathering dust."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are the causes of fires determined? | [
"Fire will leave patterns. Where the fire first starts will be (generally) where it burned the hottest and the longest. They can find that, and then test for residues that will indicate if an accelerant was used. In other cases it's easier. They will find a plugged in curling iron, or a furnace exploded."
] | [
"They are more effective than not having one at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why would we (USA) not go after the root cause and send resources to Venezuela to keep the people from needing to immigrate? | [
"Because we want to 1. Discredit the very concept of “socialism/communism” and 2. We want to invade Venezuela in order to get their giant oil reserves"
] | [
"We are constantly trying. But its not a problem you can throw money at, and unfortunately a lot of Third World nations have corrupt governments that direct aid from First World nations into their own pockets or toward their militaries. Theres not much more we can do if a Third World government doesn't cooperate, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is tuna mostly sold canned? | [
"Tuna is quite common in UK supermarkets. Literally sold anywhere there is salmon on sale. Tastes nothing like the tuna in a can and the texture is quite different too"
] | [
"The fish is cooked in the can as part of the canning process. The cooking kills any bacteria that would spoil the fish and the can keeps oxygen and bacteria out until you open it. Same for pretty much all canned food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Food storage:"
} |
How does a city the size of Los Angeles not have a subway system? | [
"There is a subway in Los Angeles, it’s just not very big. I rode it years ago. [Wikipedia info. ](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"A lot of cities are older than the automobile. You also have nature that gets in the way of things sometimes. I would expect a city on a flat plane with no rivers that was founded after 1950 to have a nice grid system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What about Shakespeare has made it almost universally taught in high schools? | [
"It's basically the first good example of \"modern\" English literature. While some translation is usually done to replace obsolete or obscure wording, they're largely legible in their original form. There are older texts of course, but much of it is drab religious or political material. Once you're out before the ... | [
"Britain is famous to Americans because America was founded by former British subjects. American schools tend to only really teach history that is relevant to America, even world history. Our founding fathers based a lot of their principles on Greek and Roman principles, so we learn about ancient Greece and Rome mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do real-time databases work so fast | [
"If I understand what I've researched while building my apps, unless you specificity tell it to, Firebase maintains a constant connection to your app while its open. This skips, albeit small, the time it takes for the device to connect to the database."
] | [
"Because there are so many elements which needs to be executed properly for the water to look realistic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does a genetic mutation reach critical mass to become a new species? | [
"\"Species\" is a nebulous term. Scientists usually define it as the point when two populations of animals can no longer breed with each other, but there are other definitions. Further more, there's no \"critical mass\" of mutations; I am different from my parents, and they're diffferent from their parents, and so... | [
"Mutations are more likely to be harmful or neutral. Beneficial mutations are less common, but because they have an increased chance of being passed on, they're more likely to hang around in the population."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What are the obstacles preventing us from moving to plant-based plastics? | [
"Partly the toxicity. However, plants require energy to grow (to power the tractors and crucially the fertilisers). This energy has an environmental impact. We don't know what damage this is causing. Nor do we know what damage the waste plastic is causing. As this is a judgement call and not fact at this point, mos... | [
"An oil pipeline so long will have a very high risk of spills. It will also increase usage of petroleum when we should be investing in cleaner, more sustainable energy sources instead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why it is so difficult to create ps3 emulator? | [
"The PS3 uses a radically different architecture than found in the average home PC. The PS3 used multi-core Cell processors instead of X86-64 as the PS4 does, so these processors need to be fully emulated. The problem there is that there's not enough of a performance gap between the Cell and a reasonably speedy X86... | [
"We already have lots of apps that work fine, like alien blue etc. Reddit doesn't need to make an official one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
to believe. My 5 yo daughter asked me what believing means, when her big brother said he didn't believe something she said. | [
"When you believe something, you think what you heard is real. When you don't believe something, you think what you heard is a made-up story, and is not true."
] | [
"My mom used to make me take my hate off when we prayed. (religious family) When I was younger I always thought it was because the hat blocked Jesus from hearing my thoughts. :D"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does live telecasts work and how do they switch cameras while the audience are watching the show or the concert lively? | [
"There's the producer/director in some sort of master control room. This room has monitors that show the feed from all of the cameras and the director will tell the switcher operator when to switch to what camera. The director also has communication with the camera operators so he can tell them where to point & wha... | [
"All of the cameras feed to screens in a room, where a producer will decide which camera's stream is sent to TV screens, it's their decision as to which shot is best. There will also be editors available, who can grab important pieces of footage to assemble highlight reels and montages. In either case all of the fo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If dynamic range compression on songs is well known to lessen the quality if the music, then why does it continue to be done? | [
"I imagine a combination of many people don't like silence, and automation. If I'm listening to music and the artist decides that this next bit should be 2x as loud, im going to be annoyed as I set the volume to the level I, the listener, want. If I really want to sit and enjoy the music as intended that's one thin... | [
"Remastering generally means that a producer re-publishes an older album using more modern production techniques. How do they do this? Obviously it varies from producer/band/song but mainly they will change the equalization or \"mastering\", as referred to in the business, and possibly add certain effects here and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the difference between meat and muscle? | [
"There is no difference. Meat is muscle tissue. There are other things on a typical \"piece of meat\", though. Fat, cartilage, sinew (the tough stuff between meat and bone). But the meat itself is the animal's muscle tissue."
] | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the earlobe sometimes grow around the backs of earrings and encase them in flesh? | [
"Your skin is programmed to repair its self. So your skin sees that it's been breached and tries to fix the hole. However, your skin isn't very \"smart\". It just grows to cover the damage. It only has two options, either make new skin that covers the inside (that's what you want) or make new skin that just covers... | [
"I assume as long as it doesn't initially get infected, your body forms a callus around the foreign particle(s) and they become benign. The tip of a pencil broke off into my palm almost 20 years ago and I can still see it under the skin. Little creepy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Do the odds of being struck by lightning account for a total population or a percentage of population who are out in electrical storms? | [
"It depends on the source, of course. Impossible to say without you citing a source for a figure. This is the problem with phrases like \"the odds of you ________ are 1 in 500,000\" - it doesn't define the conditions under which those numbers are achieved (population, time frame, etc). There is missing data which m... | [
"Sorta. Its the place you are statistically most likely to die. I don't think I would quantify it as most dangerous, because I think you should account for time spent when you make that call. Kayaks are the most dangerous mode of transportation for example (by deaths/time used), but cars kill orders of magnitude mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why some acids are more corrosive than others? | [
"There are multiple factors to corrosiveness : the acidity of the proton, and the properties of the counter ion. HF has a low acidity, but F- is very nucleophilic, so the acid is strong. H2SO4 has 2 very acidic protons, but very inert counter ion, so it's very acidic but doesn't dissolve anything. HNO3 has an oxida... | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Chemistry:"
} |
How come they use heavy lead-acid batteries for conventional cars? | [
"Because lead acid batteries are cheap. Most of the time when a internal combustion engine runs, it doesn't need a battery. You only need it to get it started. Your alternative is to use a $500+ lithium battery that you only use maybe a few times a day for few seconds Ev's and hybrids use the battery all the time... | [
"I believe this was true in the past with cadmium/nickel based batteries. Not true with newer lithium based batteries"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is melatonin known for causing “vivid dreams” when taken as a sleep aid? | [
"Melatonin has very little research associated with it. Most of what is \"known\" about melatonin is anecdotal. That's the up-front warning. Otherwise, the limited research suggests that melatonin help regulate your sleep cycles so it can lengthen the phases of sleep where dreams happen. The longer the dram phase, ... | [
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone. Its levels are tied to the amount of light you are exposed to and helps tell your body when to go to sleep. Melatonin levels rise when you are not exposed to light. Melatonin pills are supposed to help raise the level of melatonin in your body, tricking the body into thi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How do real time lightning maps detect and track them? | [
"A lightening bolt creates a radio signal. These are easy to pick up. With ~~two or more receivers~~ you can calculate it's position. Edit Should be three or more receivers."
] | [
"They are affected by local vibrations. The trick is to pick out the patterns. Earthquakes have a distinct pattern that can be seen through the noise. For this reason, seismometers can also be used to detect nuclear blasts because of the unique pattern."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does the international community find out a country is enriching uranium for nuclear weapons? | [
"We know what tools and supplies are used to do that, and some of them you can easily identify in spy satellite photos. Coupled with radiological readings from the area, because we know how to enrich uranium, we know what it looks like when someone doing it. Some times, intelligence services have discovered shipmen... | [
"Because Iran was a signatory to the UN nuclear non-proliferation treaty and therefore committed to NOT develop nukes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The difference between the two types of solar panels | [
"What two types are you talking about? There are many ways to classify solar panels."
] | [
"It's all based on the facts of what kind of light the produce and how they interact with objects around them"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:"
} |
When we rub our eyes and see shapes and colors, what is it we're actually seeing? | [
"When you apply pressure to your eye, it presses on the fluid within your eye which presses on the retina. Your retina is what registers light and sends signals to the brain, and the pressure stimulates the structures in the retina, sending signals to the brain as if they had been stimulated by light. Your brain th... | [
"Eyes don't produce vision. Vision happens in the brain. Your eyes are just an apparatus for collecting light. Turning the information about that collected light into what you see is the brain's job. Your brain is most certainly capable of producing images without your eyes telling them \"there's some light here\" ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
why are eggs almost universally sold in packs of 12? What made farmers agree to sell this way? | [
"TLDR; Convenience, 1 shilling = 12 pennies, 1 egg = 1 penny. No need to make change. Under a system that came to be known as English units, which was a combination of old Anglo-Saxon and Roman systems of measurement, eggs were sold by the dozen. It made sense to sell them that way because one egg could be sold for... | [
"Dozens are a very common number of items for a great variety of trades due to their ability to be evenly divided by 2, 3, 4, and 6. I'm not sure what you are using eggs for, but it is very easy for many people to plow through a dozen eggs in a few days. I can't remember the last time I had eggs go bad. For people ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does a wound seem to "hurt" more after you clean it? | [
"Your blood is slightly salty (ie it contains ions) and your nerve cells are calibrated to that ionic concentration. When you have a wound coming into contact with either fresh water or very salty water, there will be a difference in ion concentration. Your nerve endings get triggered by this change in ion concentr... | [
"Generally It won't if you keep the wound in question moist and disinfected. Often times people just use a bandage to stop the bleeding but then let it scab up and dry out. This causes the skin to dry out and become less elastic as your skin lays down the foundation for the healing process. In short: keep the wound... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the difference from installing and downloading? | [
"Instead of software, think dinner. Downloading is getting the ingredients from the store to your kitchen. Installing is turning those ingredients into a meal you can eat."
] | [
"You were not using the same version of the image, apparently."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
where is water going? Why is the water crisis a thing and why isn't the water cycle preventing water scarcity? | [
"Most water shortages are a shortage of treated water not a shortage of initial supply, you can only build up a limited storage of treated water and a treatment plant can only treat so much per month, so if the usage goes up or there is a slow down in the treatment then you can be left with a shortage, there could ... | [
"The water in your shower has been treated with chemicals to remove dirt and bacteria and is drinkable. So every time you shower you are contaminating water that could have been used in a better way. > it seems like the places that have clean water readily available to them now will have clean water for the forese... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Environment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Environment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What determines the flow rate and volume of urine? | [
"Determinants of smooth (laminar) flow: - pressure inside your bladder (higher pressure if there's more pee in your bladder, and if you strain) - size (radius) of your urethra (pee tube) and if any obstruction (enlarged prostate, urethral strictures) - \"thickness\" (viscosity) of urine - typically wouldn't change ... | [
"It decreases the amount of agitation of the fluid because it falls a shorter distance as opposed to going all the way to the bottom of the glass. Less agitation means less bubbling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How can you pinpoint your location with GPS on your phone without service on the ground, but can’t do the same on an airplane? | [
"It works in plane too....if you have an unobstructed view of the sky with at least 4 satellites. Given cramped space and metal ceilinge of typical airliner body this is 50/50 chance of working if you're in window seat. But if you do it on a private small plane with a big plastic window, it works just fine."
] | [
"The GPS coordinates are able to be received without a phone signal, but the map itself has to be downloaded from the internet. If the map app you are using has a cache system (most have a limited form), then you *can* use the app without phone or Internet service, provided you preload the are you are heading into.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does water that is "room temperature" feel so cold? | [
"_URL_0_ Remember to search! This question was asked not that long ago."
] | [
"The temperature of water relative to your body temperature vs the temperature of water relative to what you perceive as cold drinking water. Another example would be getting into a pool of \"cold\" water. The water may only be 60 degrees, which is cold when you submerge yourself into it, but you would not think it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
When an OLED screen is cracked/dropped on a certain area, why do all the pixels in a column around or near the main cracking point change to one color? | [
"OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode. The \"organic\" part of that means carbon-containing molecules that are used to make the light instead of silicon chips. The particular molecules used in OLEDs tend to be air-sensitive, so when the screen cracks, they chemically react with the air and degrade until the... | [
"If you have a white pixel next to a black pixel anti aliasing will make them both slightly grey pixels. And if the black and white move a distance that is less than one pixel it can make one side less dark and the other side more dark. Your brain basically accepts that as looking like sharper lines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do humans know how to have sexual intercourse without being shown? | [
"In evolution, there is something called the Baldwin effect. It’s basically the idea that people that learn a behavior quickly are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing down their genes. So the couple that figured out the birds and bees pretty quickly had babies and lots of them. The guys that stared at the... | [
"Because all the animals that didn't fear fire died. Behavior is, to some extent, innate or programmed. Animals know how to do many things without having done them before."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do programs or websites think I'm using a new device when I'm not? | [
"Whenever you visit a site and authenticate, it saves a file called a cookie on your computer. When you revisit the site, the browser sends that cookie along. Then the site knows you're you. If you clear cookies, the site no longer knows it's you and needs to authenticate again."
] | [
"I used to be able to watch longer videos on my phone via LTE. Apparently this changed sometime earlier this week. Now when trying to watch, say, a 3-hour podcast on YouTube, it says that the video is only available on WiFi. This is very new and I'm wondering why YouTube would do this. Anyone?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do software updates skip numbers. E.g. 1.17 to 1.34? | [
"There will be internal versions of builds that may not be ready to release into the wild due to bugs or incomplete features. You need to keep track all versions for tracking and QC"
] | [
"What's 5 + 5? Okay now what's 5.105 + 5.079? Which took longer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it recommended that half of our total calories should come from Carbohydrates? | [
"Because that’s what the companies producing sugar paid health organizations to believe and blame fats for it instead. The food guide is the biggest lie grandfathered in originating from total bs."
] | [
"How much fat, protein and carbohydrates are there in water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what are the effects of salty ocean water on wounds? Is it ok to swim with open wounds, or should you cover them? | [
"It's not so much the salt that would cause problems. It's the other things in the water that could. It depends how healed it is and how large/deep the wound is. In general I'd advise against it. But if you're talking about a little scratch, then you'll be fine (or... May be fine)."
] | [
"Wounds and cuts will heal faster when exposed to air. Band aids block air from getting to the wound so it will take longer to heal. Band aids are best for holding a wound closed, holding blood to clot and protecting the wound from dirt and bacteria. If you are taking it easy and not rolling around in mud, leave th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does wireless phone charger work? | [
"There are two coils. One in the phone, one in the charger. The electricity from the outlet flows through the coil in the charging plate. This creates a magnetic field around the coil. When the coil in the phone is on the plate, the magnetic field induces a current in the phones coil, which charges the battery. Src... | [
"Portable WiFi hotspots use a cellular radio to access the Internet and a WiFi radio to form a local WiFi network. Is this the device you were asking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What does it mean to play "Devils Advocate"? | [
"When the Catholic church makes certain important decisions, like making someone a saint or appointing a cardinal, they elect someone to represent the interests of the Devil, as a sort of \"let's make sure that we have covered all bases\" move. This is to make sure that they are making a good, well-thought decision... | [
"First glanced at the title and thought it said \"What are Hot Pockets and how dangerous are they?\" Extremely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are wall outlets 110V or 220V? Those seem like such arbitrary values; why not 100V? | [
"In many parts of the world, electric companies sprung up, each making their own flavor of power (certain voltage, amperage, cycles per second, etc.). This caused one really big problem: you buy a lamp and it works in your house, then you move to another part of town, and it won't work because the power is differen... | [
"The voltages produced by a single cell of a battery is determined by the battery chemistry. For lead-acid, this is ~1.5V. 8 of those cells produce 12V. In terms of \"why not 11 volts?\", you can't build an 11V battery from a cardinal number of 1.5V batteries. In terms of \"why not 9 volts?\", it's simply a matter ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does speed affect the way we perceive time? | [
"It's not a difference of perception, it's actually a difference in how time elapses. This is called [time dilation](_URL_0_) the faster you travel, the slower time elapses, all the way up to the speed of light, where you cease to experience time."
] | [
"There's no meaningful way to talk about what a photon would observe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When your iris changes in size from light why does does the area we can see not change? | [
"It's because the retina -- where light is processed into signals for the brain -- it's kind of like a movie screen -- is not immediately adjacent to the iris. If the retina were adjacent to the iris, then yes, a smaller iris aperture would mean a smaller field of vision. But light hits the retina (the curved movi... | [
"When you squint your eye lids squeegee your eye moisture to in front of your retina so you get a prism effect with the light traveling through your tears."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Physics:"
} |
Why men’s bathrooms often have a low urinal for small boys but never a low sink or one with a step stool. | [
"Because it's easier to lift your hands to use a sink that's high up than it to lift your waist an extra foot. Also, if a kid cant wash his hands, not a huge deal, but if a kid cant pee, its gonna be a mess and a whole deal"
] | [
"Bathroom sink faucets are kept back as far as possible so you can fill the sink with water and wash your face, among other things. For public washrooms, this design doesn't really make any sense; we'd do better with a touchless sink designed specifically for washing hands for 30 seconds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is alcohol measured in ABV instead of the size of an actual measurement, like they do with marijuana products? | [
"Alcohol is normally not an ingredient that is added to a product. It is something that forms as part of creating the product. As such it is harder to control an exact amount. They can get a measure of the proof and could calculate back to get a measure of the exact amount of alcohol but it really would be a calcul... | [
"It's not, really. It's just that 5 oz of wine is a good measure to use to compare to a 1.5 oz shot of liquor, or 12 ounces of beer in terms of alcohol content. Of course, it's not perfect as beer and wine can vary in the amount of alcohol they have per ounce. Liquor, on the other hand, is almost always the same am... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can Congress not show up to hearings? Isn’t it their job? | [
"In practice, only a \"quorum\" (that is, a minimum number of people) needs to be present. If there aren't many people present, any member can make a quorum call. If there is not a quorum, the leader of the chamber can order the sergeant-at-arms to arrest members of the chamber and force them to appear. & #x200B; ... | [
"The Senate refuses to confirm the nominee Obama has put out there because they want the next president to do it. That's really it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the road on a hot day have the weird effect of almost puddles in the divots in the road until you drive up to them? | [
"That’s actually a mirage! The hot surface of the road heats the air just above it to a hotter temp than the air above that, increasing the index of refraction of the air and bending light like a lens. This causes light to be bent away from its normal path. Your brain (via your eyes) assumes light travels in a stra... | [
"Asphalt is malleable. Buses braking on it push it a little bit forward with their wheels. Notice that when you go through intersection with lights the road is a bit wavy near the intersection. It is caused by cars constantly braking in this spot. Buses would do the same at the bus stop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why natural lights feel so much better than any of the artificial lights? | [
"Our eyes have a retina at the back, which consists of rods and cones. Rods and cones are little receptors in the retina that take the light and turn it into electrical impulses which the brain interprets to form images. These rods and cones have adapted over time to best suit the natural light from the sun so that... | [
"It may be the lighting! Try to see how you feel with natural light versus the light from your lamps. It can make a big difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are cities just “buried” and built on top of? | [
"Well, for the catacombs at least it's actually the other way around. As a TL;DR At the end of the 1700's there were large sprawling networks of stone mines haphazardly placed under Paris that were threatening the structural integrity of the city, and at the same time the city was also facing a crises with graveyar... | [
"Because of natural disasters, some ages just built over their ancestors ruins as they held less significance with their closer proximity. That happens then events like world war 2 which levels current civilizations over the ruins of their ancestors that's already laying atop other ruins, etc etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the human eye focus in and out of things | [
"The lens in your eye is made of flexible tissue. There are muscles attached to the edges of the lens. As your brain says \"Change focus\", those muscles are contracting and relaxing and this changes the shape of the lens. This is what allows you to change your focus on things close and distant."
] | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do seatbelts in cars stop themselves if they are pulled out too fast? | [
"In its very simplest form the seatbelt is rolled up somewhere and that roll has some teeth that go outwards if it turns too fast and grab into locks/notches in the surrounding metal."
] | [
"The whole point of a seatbelt is so that you can move around enough while its in place but the event of a crash it locks you in place so you don't jolt forward and get injured more than you normal would"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can an electric car (like a Tesla) still be beaten in a race by a classic car? | [
"An electric motor is limited by the amount of current the power supply (which is a combination of the batteries and the associated control circuitry) can deliver. Why you're seeing Tesla cars beating muscle cars and drag-strip type cars has to do with the fact that an electric motor delivers maximum torque when ... | [
"Tesla S was a big deal because one of the big complaints about electric cars is their range. The Tesla S (if you bought the big battery) had a range of over 250 miles, depending how you drove it, which was a great accomplishment. However, it's very pricey at ~$80k You see other cars get around the range issue by a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does alcohol cause certain aggressive behaviors but weed does not? | [
"Alcohol doesn‘t cause aggressive behaviors (as far as you‘re not an addict). People that react aggressive when drunk are always aggressive, they just can control themselves better when not drunk. Weed and alcohol attack different parts of your nervous system, weed just doesn‘t lower your ability to self control th... | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about alcohol and behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about alcohol and behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is the west (europe, america) so quiet about the protests in Hong Kong? | [
"When \"The West\" gets involved it gets criticized for sticking their nose where it does not belong. When \"The West\" does not get involved it gets criticized for not caring. Given that the end results is the same (being criticized for what you do) it is simply more economical not to get involved in political s... | [
"more like ELI5 why is there so much tension between ethnic groups all over the world"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does stress make autoimmune conditions worse? | [
"Your body gets kinda used to cortisone on the long run and you start to see the side effects of it, like ostheoporosis, diabetes, mood swings and other stuff, therefore cortisone isn't really advised for long period therapies to treat any kind of disease. Monoclonal antibodies are a preferred therapy to reduce inf... | [
"Some diseases are caused by your immune system attacking your own body. The pills to treat these diseases weaken your immune system so it will cause less damage to your own body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
China's extradition bill and why people are protesting against it? | [
"If the extradition is passed, China can simply extradite anyone from Hong Kong for political reasons (where capital punishment doesn't exist and is a democracy) and enforce heavier punishment onto them in China."
] | [
"The people of Hong Kong are accustomed to having a democratically elected government and a relatively free society. This isn't really the way things are done in mainland China, though, and Hong Kong has been owned by China for a little over a decade. Recently, the government of China decided to only allow candidat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is the extradition bill in Hong Kong? | [
"Hong Kong is a weird situation. The land was leased and developed by the British, under terms that it would eventually be given back to China, which agreed to take a long time to fully reabsorb into their government. The transfer itself has already occurred, and China is slowly imposing new laws in Hong Kong as pa... | [
"It was the convention held in the United States which lead to the drafting of the Constitution. Do you have a more specific question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Could we build nuclear power plants underground? | [
"Must look at the tectonics of the potential site. Unstable tectonics could lead to a disaster"
] | [
"putting stuff into orbit and beyond is too expensive. Much cheaper to just put it in a hole in the ground."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Do wired earphones use less battery than Bluetooth? Why/why not? | [
"I think the power used to broadcast the Bluetooth signal is higher than what it takes for the device to power the wired speakers."
] | [
"Bluetooth and WiFi both use radio waves to communicate between devices. Bluetooth doesn't go very far and it tends to be used to connect two devices that are both yours. WiFi goes farther and it tends to be used to give portable devices access to the Internet. So you'd more likely use Bluetooth to connect your ear... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how does the fuel gauge in vehicles know how much fuel is remaining? | [
"A float in the tank goes up and down. As it goes up and down... It is connected to a resistor. So full will read x amount of resistance and empty y amount of resistance. Values in between are simply divided up equally. The gauge in you dash basically reads that resistance and outputs it as a needle reading that po... | [
"If you have some petrol in your car and put diesel in it, it will start but smoke heavily through the exhaust. Damage will not be great to the engine though. However, if you fill in an empty tank of a petrol car with diesel fuel it will never start. If you've ever compared gasoline to diesel fuel, you know that th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What has caused the potential future decrease in Social Security Millennials are likely to receive? can it be built back up to reflect current day payout? | [
"The main factor is that due to advances in medical care, people are living longer than originally planned for. Another issue with it is that a good portion of the money goes into a \"trust\" fund of which the US government pays interest. That money is used for other programs. The one thing that the US government ... | [
"You work, you pay SS. The taxes you pay go to someone else who is receiving SS. When you retire you will be paid by others who currently work. The amount you get paid receiving SS is influenced by the amount of taxes you contributed. SS is facing issues but the worst case scenario (ignoring total economic collapse... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is the Hong Kong government not facing serious international consequences for their actions the last couple days? | [
"Because they are an economic and military superpower. They are also a sovereign state. Traditionally when a state is out of line, other economic superpowers would impose sanctions that hurt the state economically. China is so ingrained in the world economy that we can't really do that. Now, if they started genoc... | [
"A bad man from Taiwan fled to Hong Kong. Hong Kong said let's pass a law to send this man back to Taiwan to face justice! Then China said yes and don't stop there; also send back everyone who criticizes the communist party back to China to face justice as well! Hong Kong said no! But then the executive leader of H... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can scientists be confident that GMOs won't have multigenerational impact? | [
"In a typical GMO, it is well understood what genes have been changed, so their impact is predictable. Nothing about having future generations changes this point. By analogy: how do you know painting your house won't make it catch fire? Because that's not what paint does."
] | [
"There is no scientific evidence showing that GMO foods are more unhealthy than non-GMO foods."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about science:"
} |
How does a video game programmed in a PC get stored in a cartridge that can be played by a console? | [
"So ultimately what gets run on any piece of hardware is machine code, instructions that the chips on that hardware can understand. You can program in any \"high level\" programming language and then compile it, which means turning it into machine code. It's like translating from English to a region's local languag... | [
"A simulator is an imitation of something, usually something in real life. It can be a simulation of flying a plane, a simulation of farming, a simulation of driving a truck which is what simulator games are, or it can be a simulation of a product for testing, or of a physical phenomenon for research. & #x200B; An... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can we tell what the core of a planet millions of light years away is made of, yet we're just now finding a 4.8 quintillion pound mass of metal under the surface of our own moon? | [
"Well, I mean you can use binoculars to determine the exact gender and breed of bird eating at your bird feeder in your back yard but still not find your car keys in your own house. One has nothing to do with the other."
] | [
"Saturn's rings aren't an asteroid belt. Asteroids are quite large, and would be some what diffuse. Saturn's rings are comprised of tiny bits of dust, small rocks, and mostly water ice. Its important to realize how absolutely massive Saturn's rings are in comparison to the dust that actually makes them up. The dist... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Earth Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Earth Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does elevating an injury, such as a sprained ankle, help with the healing process? | [
"Raising the injury helps the body to absorb the tissue fluid that has leaked out because of the injury. This also helps with reducing swelling, which can make the injury feel a little more comfortable as well. Ice and NSAIDS (Such as ibuprofen) also help to reduce swelling and reduce restrictions to blood flow."
] | [
"You can still have internal injuries that you can take care of. For instance, to be gentle on a broken bone or careful of sprained muscles, to allow them to heal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is there so much clipping/ what causes the clipping in Bethesda games? | [
"The games are massive and open plan. Everywhere 2 sides meet is a potential point for clipping but due to the size of these games it is very labour heavy try to find all the clipping spots. Classic corridor games are much easier to debug for this because there is a much more restricted area that you can walk about... | [
"Basically anti-aliasing prevents jagged edges on walls and stuff. Example: _URL_3_ You can see the towers edges are all blocky vs the smooth surface of the aliased one. It makes an incredible improvement in games at the cost of performance which is why consoles typically don't use aa."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If there is any reason why gluten free products use a different type of plastic? | [
"Companies that produce both “regular” and gluten-free varieties of a product want to make this difference very easily, visually distinguishable. It’s essentially a marketing decision."
] | [
"Because they are white in color, and often used as a milk alternative. If they were clear they would be called waters or juices."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If were not really sure what causes diseases like bipolar disorder, how are doctors able to prescribe medications like anti depressants? | [
"They try to fix the symptoms while they learn more about it. If something destroyed the bridge to your home. You're going to try and rebuild the bridge while you try and figure out how to stop what broke it in the first place. I'm Not a doctor."
] | [
"To put it simply, they are self medicating. Nicotine can have effects similar to some drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are bugs attracted to lights, are they looking for warmth? And then why do they stay at the light source till they die? Why don’t they figure out there’s no nourishment here and move on? | [
"Bugs aren't attracted to lights. Rather they don't understand that they are lights to begin with: they think those lights are the sun. Bugs use the sun to nagivate. But when the light source you think is the sun (a giant ball of plasma millions of miles away) is instead a lightbulb (a tiny bulb a few feet away) th... | [
"Moths, for example, used the moon as a way to orient themselves when flying around. Now when there's a candle it'll think it's the moon and it'll keep spiraling into it and hit it by accident, not because it wants to commit suicide."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:"
} |
When you look to a spinning car wheel, everything gets blurred. But when you blink, all details are visible for a millisecond. Why is that? | [
"Persistence of vision. We dont see frames, we see continuous movement, and not only that out eyes/brain see several milliseconds at once. When you blink you reduce the amount of time your eyes can see so etching moving. Less movement means your eyes/brain have less time to see that movement, but your brain is smar... | [
"Next time you go outside and look at the moon, keep looking at it but take a second to become aware of your peripheral vision. Look how much of the sky and the ground your eyes are actually taking in. When you go look at the moon, you're focusing on it and ignoring all of the sights in your periphery. That's a tri... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
With so little land and resources, how is Great Britain still as rich and powerful as it is today? | [
"Colonialism. They exercised control over large swathes of land that were resource rich, like India which had a shitload of tea and cotton and spices which were very valuable commodities. Turns out that you can exercise control over 100 million with only like 1 million people. People are easy to control, especially... | [
"While very large and rich in resources, it has fewer people than Argentina, Poland, or Sudan. There are cities in China with almost as many people as Canada. In addition, culturally, politically, and diplomatically, they are similar to their close allies the US and the UK, and don't have much to add to what those ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
So, how exactly are electricity and magnetism the same phenomena? If they are the same thing, what causes them to act differently from each other? Or, is this just a concept that we accept and don't question? | [
"They are both manifestations of the same force, Electromagnetic force. They aren't the same thing, they occur on perpendicular axis to each other, that is why they act differently. & #x200B; When a magnetic field moves (magnetism), it causes electrons in atoms to be pulled along with it, if the electrons move (Cu... | [
"You know how magnets have two poles, right? And no matter what you do, they keep having two poles. Even if you cut a magnet in two, you can't separate them - each piece will have two poles of its own. With mathematics and physics we can explain what happens with these two poles and how they behave. But we can also... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes needles (injections, drawing blood) to hurt? It's a very tiny piece of metal. What is the mechanism to cause so much pain? | [
"That all kind of depends on nerves, what part of the body it's going in, skill of the person doing the sticking, and how big of a baby you are."
] | [
"Dependent on a lot of things. One usual cause is that nerves are not distributed evenly across the skin. So you can literally stick a needle into your skin and not feel it at all while a centimeter away the same needle will be painful. Maybe there are no nerves at the pimple location. Another is that the nerves in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
what chemically happens to milk when it goes sour? | [
"The lactose (milk sugar) is converted to lactic acid by lactobacillus bacteria (same ones that make yoghurt and cheese). The increased acidity causes the milk proteins to denature (unfold), exposing bits of protein that are hydrophobic (want to stay away from water). These bits then stick to each other, making clu... | [
"Because it's been contaminated as soon as you open the lid. Refrigerating it will lengthen its shelf life. You could leave it out but it won't stay good as long. The fridge slows the growth of bacteria because of cool temperature. Mayo has eggs and oils in it that go bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does the photoelectron have a specific charge, and if not, how come? | [
"Yes, the photoelectron has a specific charge. That of an electron, because it is an electron. It is an elementary charge."
] | [
"Why would they need to have a shape to be identical? As far as we can tell, electrons are just points with no volume, but every other property they have (mass, spin, charge, etc...) is identical between all electrons. Different electrons don't weigh different amounts. There is no intrinsic property that would let ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
When flying in the US, why does TSA allow two 3.4oz bottles but not one 6oz bottle? | [
"The purpose of the rule is two fold: a) easy for TSA to apply at industrial scale and speed at a checkpoint; and b) hard for evildoer to use to get a bomb past the checkpoint. If you think 3.4 is an unusual number, that's all (a). There are companies that use 3oz bottles and companies that use 100ml bottles and 10... | [
"Because 16.9 fl oz is equivalent to 500mL, or 0.5L. It's a simple conversion from metric to imperial which makes the standard bottle 16.9 fl oz. Four 16.9 fl oz bottles will equal a standard 2 liter bottle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it considered dangerous to use your device while the plane is taking off? What does Airplane Mode do to combat this? | [
"Take off and landing are the most dangerous parts of the flight and using your device can distract you from the situation if something goes wrong."
] | [
"Previously the FAA was worried that the small EM field generated by electronic devices could introduce interference to an airplane's internal electronics. This was well before shielded everything on these planes. Recently the FAA has come out in favor of consumers, saying they are going to recommend the allowance ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How is the triple point of water possible, and what exactly happens? | [
"Iron also has a triple point - at near vacuum and 1600C. Not all materials have this since some more complex molecules do not exist as gases and liquids. Rubber decomposes upon heating and will not melt. For the materials that don't decompose, there's always two competing forces: Pressure wants to force gases int... | [
"Water also expands as it get hotter. However, due to an odd quirk of physics, the liquid form of water at 0 C takes up less space than the solid form. This is not true for most substances, water is one of the few exceptions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Chemistry:"
} |
Why do countries buy then sell other's money? | [
"Countries aren't typically doing it, people and companies in those countries are. Let's say you want to buy a Mercedes. The factory workers are paid in Euros, the corporation selling the car ultimately collects revenues in Euros. But you go to your dealer and pay in US dollars. At some point, those dollars you pa... | [
"It means they are restricting international trade on certain items."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are people protesting in Hong Kong? | [
"Hong Kong has existed semi-independently for a while with their own criminal justice system. But now, mainland China is trying to integrate them into their criminal justice system. This is a bad thing considering how corrupt it is."
] | [
"What do you want to hear more about? The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? The Israel vs. Palestine situation? The Arab Spring? The recent attacks on US embassies?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What caused the sound associated with a balloon popping? | [
"Sound is a pressure wave, when the balloon is inflated it had many times the normal atmospheric pressure. When you pop it, that pressure is released in all directions causing a sound wave"
] | [
"They force the gas expansion from the cartridge to occur in a controlled fashion, and slower than it normally would. This causes the sound shock wave to be much less intense. Think of being next to a popping balloon. Then compare that to being on the outside of a closed room, and inside the room a balloon is poppe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why does asphalt change colour? | [
"It's a mixture or very black tar and aggregate rocks that might usually aren't black. In the truck, it's really well mixed, and so when it's applied you see a nice, uniform coating. Over time, the softer tar is worn off and you see the rocks. If the rocks are grey, or worse white, this changes the overall color."... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is beef/red meat bad for the environment? | [
"Basically to produce a pound of beef you need a lot more water and fodder than you do for a pound of chicken. Of course if you eat plants and water directly you of course need even less than if you use them to feed a third party animal."
] | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does minimizing some games increase GPU usage to 100%? | [
"[V-sync](_URL_0_) - when playing, and this setting is on, the game's frames per second are maxed out at 60, which is the maximum that the screen can display. When minimized, certain games continue to render the screen animations, but no longer limited at 60 FPS - they go to the max that the video card can handle."... | [
"A CPU getting too hot is bad. At high temperatures it degrades the components over time. To stop this, CPUs are designed to *throttle* themselves when they get too hot, decreasing performance and power requirements, which lowers the amount of electricity coming in. This lowers the temperature. A 4GHz CPU might low... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Since Vitamin B12 is only found in animal products, vegetarians and vegans get it from supplements or cereals for example. But where do the cereal makers get it if not from animal products? | [
"B12 is produced by micro-organisms. Animals get it from dirt, or supplements these days. The B12 for supplements is produced industrially, in the B12 factory."
] | [
"There are several ways in which vitamins are made. Some, like Vitamin E, can be extracted from vegetable oils while Vitamin D from fish liver oil. Vitamin C is produced in the lab and is nature identical. A 3rd form of production is by using genetically altered bacteria. Vitamins obtained this way include B12. So... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Is there a Trinity being taught in the Old Testament? | [
"The trinity is christian doctrine and the old testament is pre-Christian. So no. And it actually did come into existence until almost 200 years later."
] | [
"The Torah specifically refers to the first 5 books of the Old Testament. When people talk about the Hebrew Bible they are referring to the complete Old Testament."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do select jurisdictions frown upon luring/baiting criminals and/or performing sting operations? | [
"So the first issue is the concept of \"entrapment\" which basically says you cannot trick or coerce a person into committing a crime and then charge them for that crime. If an undercover cop tries to sell drugs to me, I refuse, and then he keeps pressuring me until I cave, that is entrapment. The problem with many... | [
"The raiding agency (DEA/local law enforcement) can keep any money/arms/vehicles seized during a drug bust. Don't know how the bureaucracy would benefit from it, though people point out general corruption and lobbying by private prisons."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we know so much about dinosaurs (Diet, form, etc) from just looking at their bones? | [
"I asked a similar question a few months ago. My question was, \"Why do we assume dinosaurs roared? How do we know they didn't speak some sort of language\""
] | [
"Fossilisation is rare, not everything becomes a fossil. It takes specific conditions for something to turn from organic matter to rock. And then, on top of that the fossil has to go undisturbed by tectonic movement, disasters or water for 60 million years (in the case of dinosaurs). We are very fortunate to have a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do customers at stores or restaurants seem to come in waves? | [
"Could it be tied to non-traditional job shift changes (like say, a factory or hospital), schools getting out or some other regular occasion that isn't tied to 9-5 schedule? Are these mostly locals, or could it be people traveling from elsewhere, and your location is a certain # hours from a major city where people... | [
"They don't. It's that simple. If you see some that don't get many customers, it may just be that most of the customers are there when you're not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the difference between Hemp CBD Oil and Marajuana CBD Oil? | [
"Hemp and Marijuana are cousins. Hemp contains more oil and very little THC. MJ the opposite. There for hemp oil is less expensive. That's about it."
] | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do carbohydrates turn into glucose? | [
"So all carbs are chains that include carbon hydrogen and oxygen. Hence carb(on)o(xygen)hydr(ogen)ate. These are the basic blocks of glucose which is C6H12O6. So as carbs which are just complex chains of the base blocks of glucose get broken down and converted to glucose."
] | [
"After you drink Ethanol your liver starts the process if breaking down into acetaldehyde, and then breaking that down into acetate. Acetate can be used as energy, and works quite well to compensate if you haven't eaten any carbohydrates to convert into glucose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are the Hong Kong protests about? | [
"So up till 1997 Hong Kong was under the control of the Brits as part of a 100 year lease. In that time HK grew into a huge cultural and financial hub for the region. When China got it back they gave Hong Kong relative autonomy even though it is part of China now. People there have always lived in freedom and justi... | [
"What about the US election do you want explained, specifically?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do jury verdicts need to be unanimous? | [
"Because we have agreed that to convict someone the standard they are held to is \"beyond a reasonable doubt.\" That is an extremely high bar, and it is assumed that if as a juror you don't believe that burden has been met, then the person is not guilty. Most civil cases don't require unanimous verdicts. The burde... | [
"Judges still make many decisions. They rule on motions, they can dismiss jurors, decide what juries can see or hear. Judges have to make sure that all of the procedures and rules are followed so that a guilty verdict will not be reversed on appeal. And a judge has the power to throw out a jury verdict if he think... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What’s happening in Hong Kong? | [
"China trying to control Hong Kong like they do to the rest of China. HK knows what democracy is like and doesn't want to lose it under Chinese communist rule."
] | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
does the amount of virus you're exposed to affect the risk of getting sick? | [
"Depends on the pathogen. Salmonella (a bacteria, though) requires 2-3 million active bacteria to infect you. Norovirus, the nasty little fucker, only requires 10-20 individual virus particles to make you wish for death."
] | [
"No, person B has much more exposure to the STI. However, depending on the STI and whether the other person is actively showing symptoms, 15 seconds and 15 minutes might not make much of a difference in terms of whether or not the person gets infected."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can a half-built house be left in the weather with no issues? I’m talking about a wood frame with plastic in the rain type of thing. | [
"Construction materials are typically rated to a certain amount of exposure to the elements to allow for construction time. Thats why construction scheduling is so important, so that sensitive things arent ruined before the building is up. Ive seen thousands of dollars worth of material discarded because it sat to... | [
"Just experienced this moving from Chicago to MO. In Chicago the pipes were insulated and underground. In my house in MO they were in the ceiling and not insulated. So a pipe burst."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do barbershops have that spinning rod? | [
"Back in ye olden days barbers were dentists, surgeons and doctors as well as cutting hair. The red and white poles resemble blood and bandages, by-products of their trades."
] | [
"Steam opens the sinuses? I also like to spread cheeks and put it up to the glass. Makes a great machine gun noise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are people protesting in Hong Kong? | [
"Because a new law will enable people to be taken from Hong Kong to China and tried there possibly on trumped up charges meaning that what limited freedom there is in Hong Kong will cease."
] | [
"What do you want to hear more about? The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? The Israel vs. Palestine situation? The Arab Spring? The recent attacks on US embassies?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do fast moving objects fall slower? | [
"No, unless its motion gives it *lift.* A plane gets lift by having wings. A sphere doesn't."
] | [
"Why would the attraction of a black hole make anything travel faster than light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
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