query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What actually happens when water “goes down the wrong pipe?” | [
"It enters your windpipe, which leads to your lungs, instead of your esophagus, which leads to your stomach. There is a small flap/valve that decides which pipe things go down, and sometimes you don't move it fast enough, our you for some reason try to breathe while drinking. Your body doesn't like that, so it caus... | [
"It doesn't \"go\" anywhere. It's not flowing. The water in your pipes doesn't go anywhere when you shut off the faucets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When lightning hits the water, what happens to the fish? | [
"There was a question like this earlier. Mostly, the fish don't care because the lightening spreads out and dissipates enough to be safe before it reaches them. A couple of 'em will die occasionally, but there are plenty of fish to keep the population going."
] | [
"Lightning wants to get to the ground and it wants to do that through the first thing it can reach. So houses are often built with a system to collect lightning that would strike the house and funnel it into the ground. It moves the electricity through your metal pipes. So showering during an electrical storm expos... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why doesn’t a plane fall from the sky when it turns? | [
"The plane will always produce lift approximately perpendicular to its wings. If you bank (rotate along the fuselage) the plane then the direction of the lift will rotate the same amount and no longer point directly upwards but rather point somewhat in the bank direction. This results in 2 things: There is now a fo... | [
"when there's two plane parked side by side, you won't be able to tell by sound which one's running."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do containers such as wine and beer bottles do the whole “glug glug glug” thing when being emptied? | [
"Air displacement. When pouring a bottle upside down or covering the entire seal as it empties it creates a vacuum. The positive pressure from outside moves to the low pressure inside the bottle."
] | [
"What happens is the pressure that the CO2 builds up when the bottle is sealed prevents it from freezing (more accurately, it would need to get a lot colder before it freezes inside the container) but it is well below freezing temperature. If you time it just right when you open a supercooled soda, you can pour it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What part of the brain is responsible for the 'internal monologue/dialogue' we hear in our minds? | [
"Scientist have looked at brains using fMRIs and found the superior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus light up. Those are the areas that light up deal mainly with language. A bunch of other areas light up as well, a lot have to do with predicting what other people would do. To put it to an anal... | [
"One possible explanation has to do with brain functioning and how we hear our own \"inner voice\". When we relay a conversation or play a tune in our head or think via inwardly talking to ourselves, brain imaging studies (and brain stimulation studies which can relay information on causation as well as correlation... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If the moon moves 1.6 inches every year away from earth, and is 4.2 billion years old, why is the moon not MUCH farther away? | [
"Well, if it moved at a constant rate of 1.6 inches per year, after 4.2 billion years, it would have moved about 106,000 miles. It's current distance from the earth is about 240,000 miles, so 4.2 billion years ago it would have been about 130,000 miles away. As it happens, the rate at which it's drifting away is ac... | [
"If the Sun was the size of a pinhead, then the nearest star would be 18 miles away. If the Sun was the size of a marble, it would be 270 miles away. If the Sun was the size of a golf ball, it would be 775 miles away. Further information: If the Sun was the size of a golf ball, the speed of light would be .02 mph, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do you see colors and distorted shapes when you have your eyes closed? | [
"When you're eyes are closed, your retinas are still sensing even though they're not actually seeing anything. However, the only type of data that your brain can receive from your retinas is visual input, so the brain puts an image to what you're sensing. (You see more wild colors and images when you rub your eyes ... | [
"> What are these red dots? They are red blood cells zipping through the tiny capillaries on the surface of your retina. Usually our brains filter them out as noise but sometimes we can see them such as when our brains haven't adapted yet or when we trick it by looking into a featureless blue sky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How do we know π is never repeating when could be just a really big series/pattern of numbers? | [
"The reason for why pi is not just a repeating decimal is well above 5 year olds, it's a proper ask science question. However, the just of it is that for a number to be rational, it must be able to be written as a/b where neither can be 0. If that fraction exists, the a lot a lot a lot of math breaks down. Since we... | [
"We have many (equivalent) exact definitions of pi. If you just mean calculating more digits, because it takes time to calculate them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is code and why is a lot of it in 0’s and 1’s? | [
"Zeros and ones are actually binary code and represent an on or off electric pulse, yet computer languages like Python3 or C++ aren't written in binary but in a human \"readable\" / \"writeable\" language. A little much to explain it like you're five. Pretty complex. That's why grade school kids usually start with ... | [
"Your video consists of lots of 1s and 0s - they are called \"bits\". These are grouped together in groups of 8, and each group of 8 bits is called a \"byte\". There are 256 different combinations of 1 and 0 that can go into each byte, so we can say that each byte has a value between 0 and 255. Your video contains ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do companies buy our information and how is it valuable? | [
"Same answer to both questions - because they want to sell you stuff. Computer software has advanced to the point that crunching enormous piles of data and getting real actionable insights is pretty easy. As an example - Target's analytics were so good that they started sending maternity oriented coupons to a 16 ye... | [
"We’re the product, not the customer. Facebook is providing us to the companies that pay to advertise on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
what makes leopard and jaguar different | [
"Elephants are the only animals of their kind, leopards and jaguars are not the only animals of their kind, they are part of all the big cats. Elephants are so similar that all are called elephants. Leopards and jaguars are actually not as similar as you think, they just happen to look the same."
] | [
"I dont know if you need some extensive backround in human psychology to answer this but Id say bugs have quite the different exterior than our lovable fur coated creatures"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Where did the original vinegar "mother" come from, if you need vinegar to make a "mother"? | [
"Vinegar is Latin for “sour wine.” All you have to do is let wine go bad under certain conditions and you’ll get a mother eventually."
] | [
"Fermentation with yeast and without bacteria is alcoholic fermentation, with bacteria lacto fermentation. Kombucha (scoby) isn't intended to be an alcoholic drink, although it does contain some alcohol. But if you want an alcoholic drink you would use yeast and not a scoby to ferment the sugar water. If you want a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If two separate plant's light sources are exclusively lightbulbs of equal lumen outputs but one bulb is LED and the other is incandescent, will they both photosynthesize / grow at the same rates? | [
"From a quick google. Yes leds can be used as grow lights. They’re actually beneficial because you can customize the “spectral intensity” to suit different stages of growth."
] | [
"There can be, depending on the type of \"light bulb\". Plants are very good at absorbing light of certain frequencies that can make it through the atmosphere. Light bulbs that can duplicate this most closely do well for growing plants indoors, and there is little difference between the growth rates or health of pl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Lighting technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Lighting technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do Composite signals look so good on CRT's but utterly horrible on modern LCD's of the same size? | [
"Because w/o having pixels, a CRT display isn't able to produce images as sharp as the ones shown by the LCD. The CRT smoothes the image and hides out some of the image defects, if there are. The pixels you can notice by looking closely to a CRT are just a regular pattern on the screen mask between the screen and t... | [
"You are meant to sit closer to your monitor than you are to your TV, therefore resolution matters more on a monitor than it does on a TV. That being said, there are several models of 32\" TVs that support 1080p perfectly fine. One that only goes up to 720p is a cheaper model, or several years old."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how come a camera can pick up light on a TV remote when being used but you can't see it with your own eyes? | [
"Cameras use a different system to detect light than our eyes do. Our eyes use rod and cone cells and some weird chemistry stuff. Cameras use various systems - one example is photodetectors with filters over them to select for colors. This system is designed to replicate our eyesight's frequency range as best as ec... | [
"The light on your side had to be darker than the light inside the tank because otherwise it would be very difficult to see in. when it's dark outside you can see in through people's windows, but they can't see you outside."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do just a few satellites give the precise location of a million of connected devices at the same time? | [
"Each GPS satellite just broadcasts where they are, and what time their clock says. That signal can be picked up by any number of devices that have line of sight to the satellite. The devices can then determine their position by trigonometry. Radio waves travel at a constant speed, so if you pick up a signal, and y... | [
"They use people's cell phones to track the speed of cars on the roads."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How has Jupiter’s red spot been such a large and powerful storm for centuries? | [
"Storms are sustained by the conditions of their environment and the spin of their planet. So long as the planet keeps spinning and the conditions stay (normally, a hot center and cold exterior), the storm continues."
] | [
"The Hubble observations indicate that the GRS is getting smaller by 580 miles per year along its major axis and its shape is changing from an oval to a circle. At the current rate, the storm is expected to become circular in four years. The vortex could completely disappear or grow larger, since the fate of such s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What part of physics (QED, GR, etc.) predicts the existence of different phases of matter? | [
"The work on phases of matter exists in the mathematics of statistical mechanics, which is used heavily in solid state physics, condensed matter physics, materials science, and a lot of chemistry."
] | [
"Quantum mechanics explains odd phenomena found in nature. It allows us to precisely model how particles and systems of particles behave. Key points to QM: Particles act like waves (or probability distributions). Particles are only allowed certain energy levels in certain situations. String theory is a mathematica... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does this image have lines from the TV on it that change depending on zoom? | [
"It is called a [\"Moire pattern\"](_URL_0_) and it happens when two regular patterns don't sync up leading to patches of interference. This is very common when taking pictures of digital displays as the pixel grid of the display is unlikely to match up with the pixel grid of the image capture device."
] | [
"Your brain adjusts to the movement pattern of the gif, and doesn't compensate instantly when you move to look at the picture. It has nothing to do with the Starry Night picture, the illusion works the same if you looked at the back of your hand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why Americans are more used to air wents on a floor for heating their homes and Europeans are using radiators and floor heating? | [
"We do also have floor heaters and radiators if it’s an older home, but since have moved to forced air systems. Cooled and heated air can move through the same vents to get to the rooms from the unit. Since the units are usually in the basement imagine the system being a trunk of a tree, and the vents are the tips ... | [
"It would just burst some w here close by. It takes the path of least resistance and the geysers aren't connected around the world"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can something be 46 billion light years away from Earth, When the age of universe itself is 13 billion years? | [
"The universe is expanding faster than the speed of light. [This video](_URL_0_) goes into how the universe can expand faster than the speed of light and personally I find it easy to follow. The basic explanation is that the speed of light limit does not apply to the expansion of the universe."
] | [
"On earth, we refer to time in terms of daylight and earths rotation around the sun. This is a very abstract concept because one year on Earth is very different than one year on mars. One year is defined as the time it takes Earth to rotate around the sun. Using our abstract definition of time, we have determined t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how do ads load on bad service but normal content doesn’t? | [
"Youtube (through Google) have many, many servers across multiple regions of the world to store their data. Very popular content may be hosted on multiple servers to constantly have it closer to the viewer, and on faster servers. Less popular, more normal content will not necessarily be copied on multiple servers, ... | [
"Side question: Why does my computer lie to me and tell me I have full connection yet I can't load any web sites?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is brain plaque and what can happen if it is not taken care of and how can it be prevented? | [
"Alzheimer's disease involves amyloid plaque. No one quite knows why, although there are theories. [For some reason, amyloid protein breaks down and forms \"plaque\", which are blobs of goo that the brain can't remove.](_URL_0_) Alzheimer's also involves tangles of Tau protein, which is a structural support that gi... | [
"Stress causes tremendous amounts of damage to your brain. However, it has not been definitively proven if this damage is permanent or not. Best thing to do is not worry about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is the magnetic North Pole moving faster than the magnetic South Pole? | [
"I am not a geologist, so i will try an explanation based on physical and mathematical intuition: The south magnetic pole (SMP) lies significantly farther away from the geographic south pole (\\~2800 km) compared to the north magnetic pole (NMP) which lies \\~600 km away from the geographic north pole. Given that E... | [
"The geographic poles represent the axis on which the Earth rotates. The magnetic poles are the rough axis of the Earth's magnetic field, where the magnetic field points downward into the Earth. They are roughly aligned (close enough that a magnetic compass is relatively accurate in most places) but the magnetic po... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does different spf’s on sunscreen (sublock) affect the tan you get? | [
"It blocks the UV B rays which cause you to tan. The higher the SPF, the more it blocks the UV rays. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Technically: It's a UV transmission rating SPF 60 means 1 part in 60 of the UV radiation from the sun are transmitted to your skin, assuming you follow their instructions. & #x200B; Realistically: 1 SPF is like growing 1 layer of skin to tank the sunburn for you. 30 SPF = about 30 times the protection of your reg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does metal bend but stone break? | [
"Metals stay together more or less electromagnetically. All of the metal atoms are packed tightly enough their electrons are constantly switching around between them, which makes for a very strong, but also somewhat malleable material. There's not really any specific structure to them at the atomic level. Rocks on... | [
"Because the object is not strong enough to continue to exert that force. Imagine trying to push a car with a piece of paper, it would fold. Some things fold, some shatter, some break."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why Does English Have So Many Strange And Varied Collective Nouns For Animals? | [
"> These just seem like jokes Pretty much, yes. [Terms of venery](_URL_0_) are essentially an in-joke from the 1400s that happened to get written down. Some modern English speakers like them, most don't know about them."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how a blister is formed. | [
"Something causes a break between the layers of the skin - like heat that breaks connections between layers, or movement that mechanicaly tears it. The inner layers are living tissue, and so contain 'lumph'- the fluid that surrounds all living cells. This lymph pushes open that break made between layers, pushing th... | [
"The Kill yourself receptors active when the fibers of each nail cause friction upon the board. Science is quite amazing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What decides the volume and duration of a thunder clap? | [
"What I don't understand is sometimes lightning is super bright and seems very near, and the thunder clap never comes, or is quiet. The brightness (and inferred closeness) of a bolt of lightning doesn't always seem to correspond to the volume of the thunder."
] | [
"Lightning is a static electrical discharge between the clouds and the ground. Thunder is caused by the expansion And contraction of air superheated by lightning. Neither of these things are in any way dependent on rain falling at the time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do England, Wales, Scotland and NI compete in world cups but join together for the Olympics? | [
"Many popular sports originated in the UK, so the first \"international\" competitions were between the nations within the UK. Now many other countries take part, but the idea that the UK nations compete separately has been grandfathered in. For example FIFA has an explicit rule that each of the four \"British Asso... | [
"Most 5-year-olds would have fallen asleep during the answers so far. Soccer schedules are ten times simpler than North American sports schedules. Here's what you need to know. 1. Champions League matches are played during the regular season. 2. Qualification for the Champions League is based on the previous season... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what keeps our bodies from decomposing before we die? | [
"I'm not an expert, but nothing prevents our bodies from falling apart. Our bodies are constantly destroying old cells and recycling them to make new ones. As far as external factors, a lot of decomposition occurs from 'decomposers' such as bugs, fungi, and microscopic life. Normally, our skin stops that stuff from... | [
"whats the point of hospitals if we are all going to die anyway"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is there a Radio Frequency Camera? | [
"Yes, but the resolution is limited by the wavelength. Radio telescopes use multiple dishes and interferometry for increasing resolution, but they need to scan just like single dish telescopes. [Micro bolometer focal plane arrays](_URL_0_) are becoming used for radio astronomy, but are limited to short wavelengths... | [
"> Is there anything more to it? Turn left."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do pets know their names? | [
"Only through repetition and reinforcement. They gradually learn that whenever you make this sound, you then pay attention to them."
] | [
"... Asking what a baby dreams about is like asking what a dog dreams about. How would you ever find out?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does the WiFi signal get better as soon as you disconnect then connect back to it? | [
"The network may have multiple access points, lots of devices will connect to a certain access point and hang on until they are kicked off. & #x200B; Disconnecting and reconnecting will force your phone to connect to the strongest source."
] | [
"The button (it's part of a system called WPS) allows the router to send the password to your speakers without you having to type it in. Yes, it's less secure than having to type the password in. That's why you have to push the button for them to connect- it means you need physical access to the router in order to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Where does money from FTC fines go? How is it used? | [
"Federal fines are paid to the US treasury, where it's used for general government spending. Most agencies don't get to add the money they collect as fines to their budget. Keep in mind that most settlements report a number that's called a fine in media reports, but may include actual fines paid to the treasury, p... | [
"Most police departments are taxpayer funded. Where do you think the money is going to come from?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does a 1080p Nintendo Switch look great on a 4k TV, but a game in 1080p on a 4k computer monitor look so pixelated and bad? | [
"As people have said, distance, but there is another factor. 4K computer monitors are really only designed to display a 4K signal well. When you send a lower resolution signal, they use very basic techniques to upscale the image and this looks bad. 4K tv's on the other hand are actively designed to be able to displ... | [
"Data recreation is better with the 4k stream on YouTube for some inexplicable reason, so if you're using YT, yeah. Under absolutely ideal conditions, though, no, a 1080p image should look exactly the same as the same image in 4k, when viewed on a 1080p display."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a phone send data back to a cell tower antenna if it is miles away? | [
"I think that the cell tower has a big antenna to send, and a big one for receiving. Like a cinema screen and a telescope Edit: Your phone is like a guy away that observes and does hand gestures, the cell tower does the rest"
] | [
"Because the signal needs to go from where the question is asked, to a modem, to a cell tower or dish array, to space, back to a cell tower or dish array, to another modem, and then then to the speaker wherever the interviewee is. It takes time for digital information to travel, even on \"live\" television."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why doesn’t Wikipedia just run enough ads to keep the site running. | [
"It is inevitable for a business to have to grant some control to those that finance their operations - it becomes the source of your salary, that budget your sitting on that lets you get a raise, or give a raise, that plan for the new office, of for Friday donuts....all depends on money. If you create a channel of... | [
"They are always growing, but do not use ads to make money. This basically means that their only source of income is donations, which they use to pay for programmers, server hosting, etc. If they don't get enough money they will either have to shut down, reduce their size (less articles or access to less people), o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
100AH battery should charge at 10% capacity tops safely....? | [
"Look at the data sheets for the battery because the manufacturer will tell you the data. Even for general rules is depend on the battery technology you usel Li-ion is quite different from lead-acid. A 100AH battery charging at 1.1 amp do not take 2 weeks. If it 1.1A all the time it take 90 hours that is a bit less... | [
"For lithium ion batteries I as far as I know it is the opposite. . \"40 80 rule\" meaning when u get your device it starts out at 40.. charge to 80, then unplug and let drop to 40. Lithium stays cool that way and retains the most charge. 0 to 100 once a month is good for calibration.. nickel based batteries howeve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how stock owners pay for stuff | [
"Generally, executives who receive their compensation in terms of stock are already wealthy enough that they have enough liquid funds (i.e. cash) to live quite comfortably. They also will do periodic selling of small amounts of their stock to cash in on particularly good stock performance. Also, company execs are ... | [
"the idea is all that marketing makes a lot more people put money towards research."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How exactly does a benzodiazepine and opiate overdose kill you? | [
"But how do these drugs actually kill people? When a person smokes, snorts or injects an opioid, the substance enters the bloodstream, then the brain. There it can act on mu-opioid receptors, says Eric Strain, director of the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and Research at Johns Hopkins University. “Once the d... | [
"The lorazepam is acting on your GABA receptors to slow you down. The vyvanse is acting to increase serotonin, dopamine, and epi/norepinephrine to speed you up. As you may be able to tell, this is not a technical answer at all, but for what it’s worth, we give sedatives like lorazepam to people who overdose in stim... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does HBO afford such big budget shows or the silly expenditures of shows like Last Week Tonight without ad revenue? | [
"Cable. Subscription services make bank, especially with how many people are subscribed to HBO lately."
] | [
"They sell advertising, lots and lots of advertising. Plus, don't forget merchandising on the larger ones. (You get a copy of our home game!). The profits from these two things are greater than the amount of money they give away. Most gameshows have a pretty low overhead. They don't really require a lot of effects ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't a sitting president be indicted for a crime? | [
"Because there would be nobody to prosecute him. It has happened. Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus, the Supreme court ruled it was unconstitutional because the President lacks that power in the constitution. Did he go to Jail? No. Did he even go to court? No. All the people that might have arrested him or prosecute... | [
"How do you think he is going to pardon himself for a crime without telling anyone what it is? In any case, you can't pardon yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why have planes stopped getting bigger? | [
"People want to fly directly to their destinations. In the past airlines focused on a \"hub and spoke\" system where small planes flew between small destinations and major hubs and huge planes could fly between the hubs. The development of long-range, fuel-efficient medium-sized planes enabled more \"point-to-point... | [
"Because when they buy the planes from the manufacturer they readjust where the seats are"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do researchers know when they have found a new species of an animal and not an already discovered species? | [
"multiple factors go into deciding if something is a new species. usually, a color change alone won't be enough, but multiple small changes, or a few big change usually results in a new species."
] | [
"Scientists speculate we've only discovered about 15% of the species on earth. It's said if you look hard enough in any garden you'll likely find several species that have never before been discovered. Most of these unknown species are going to be small bugs or single celled organisms. It's unlikely we'll find new ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If 25 degrees Celsius (77°F) is a comfortable ambient temperature, why does it feel so cold when you bath in water of the same temperature? | [
"Water is more effective than air at transferring heat (feeling cold is really just another way to say heat was transferred from you). Air around you (assuming it's not windy) will heat up close to your body temperature quickly. You are now in your little heat bubble. Air doesn't take much energy to heat up. & #... | [
"A house air conditioned to 70F (21C) is typically 9-27 (5-15) degrees colder than the outside, while one heated to 70 is typically 70 degrees warmer than the outside. It's more the difference between what you're used to inside vs. outside than anything."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are sore throats so bad in the morning? | [
"Little bit of speculation, but perhaps because you're dehydrating your throat (your entire body really) plus not washing away any of the bacteria? You tend to have worse breath in the morning because everything just sits in place overnight. Additionally I know when my mouth is dry (from not having something to dr... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do you see two shadows of something when there are two lights? | [
"Shadows aren't 0 light, they are *less* light. So when tou have 2 light sources, generally everything is twice as bright, except where the object is in the way, when it is only 1 times as bright."
] | [
"The mirror is close, but it just reflects the light. When you look at a mirror at something 10 meters behind you, it's the same as when looking at something that is 10 meters behind the mirror."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happens inside our bodys so that, after some time, we can no longer hold weight in the air | [
"It is the ATP-ADP cycle. Your muscles need energy to be able to contract, in the case of the video his shoulder, forearm, and bicep muscles were all contracting to support the weight of the pylons. & #x200B; His muscle cells were using ATP along with glucose to contract, which turns the ATP into ADP. But his body... | [
"So we don’t get pressure sores from lack of blood flow, so we do t lose limbs in our sleep, so we regular temperature better."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does the term “uncanny valley” mean? | [
"Vsauce channel on youtube has a verry good video and explanation of this...check it out. Btw: All of Michael's videos are awesome _URL_0_"
] | [
"What does \"ashy\" mean in the context of body parts?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does anesthesia work during a liver transplant? | [
"Nobody really knows how anaesthetic agents work, including anaesthesiologists. There are a few theories though."
] | [
"Since it is excreted via the kidneys, prolonged use can result in a condition known as chronic interstitial nephritis. Its a type of kidney disease. Please consult a doctor regarding long term medication useage to prevent possible complications."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do milkshake mixer machines stay clean? | [
"The spindle is stainless steel with a small little plastic agitator on the end. Milkshake doesn't tend to stick to the stainless very well and if you give the thing a little spin as you take it out of the milkshake but before it clears the lip of the mixing cup it just flings whatever is still on it into the cup. ... | [
"Because the machine mixes carbonated water and syrup at the store. If the mix isn't the same as what the factory uses it won't taste the same."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If an asteroid is on a perfectly tangent line with the Earth’s surface, is it possible for it to roll along the Earth rather than just collide and stop? | [
"The Earth's gravity combined with aerobraking from the atmosphere would pull it in and down. A straight tangential line isn't possible."
] | [
"Yes. Even the Moon is falling down to Earth. However the Moon is also moving sideways in relation to the Earth so it is constantly missing. Think of it this way. If you somehow ended up over a small river you get pulled down by gravity and would expect to be wet. However if you got to this point by jumping from on... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there so many website url extensions (eg; .com, .org, .net) and no universal one ? | [
"TLDs *(Top Level Domains, what you called extensions)* are usually ruled on a nation-wide level. And as we know the world can never agree on something and everybody wants to do their own thing. So there's that."
] | [
"No. .gov is reserved for US govt, and .edu is reserved for education institutions (not sure if US only). .mil is reserved for US military. Anyone can do .org .net .com though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do flamingos stand on one leg and do they have a dominant leg? | [
"It is a resting behavior. They spend a good deal of their lives in the water and can sleep in that position. As for dominant leg most creatures have a dominant side, this is more obvious with creatures with hands. And I am certain that flamingos don't think about it. Having worked with them for years I can tell y... | [
"They do have a lack of nutrition that's why they sleep 90% of the time, Its why they have to eat almost a ton of bamboo a day to survive, They don't have enough energy for sex which is part of the reason they are going extinct."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How did people train for running long races before computers? Specifically, how did they know the km distance of their training runs in order to follow a training plan? | [
"Get in a car, set the trip odometer to 0. Drive desired route, see the miles. Do math to convert miles to KM - multiply the number of miles by 1.6"
] | [
"A combination of factors contributes the the small difference between the two. A small part of it is probably just the natural ability of the athletes themselves to run those distances fairly quickly. The largest factor is training. Both types are endurance runners, but I'm certain they don't run the same amount w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why can’t phones and computers charge almost instantly when you plug them in, instead taking 2-3 hours? | [
"Electricity is stored in batteries as chemicals held in two different containers separated by a filter-y thing. Letting electrons flow from one to the other through your phone (for example) is how it discharges. Forcing the chemical reaction to go backwards is how it recharges, by way of a smaller circuit connecte... | [
"It isn't anymore. Modern smartphones use lithium ion batteries that, when coupled with your phone, becomes a smart battery. Essentially, your phone will automatically stop drawing current. Some phones even start to draw less current ad charge levels reach 100. So it is okay to leave your charger on overnight. Rega... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
what is the butterfly effect? | [
"It refers to \"one small change can have dire and catastrophic consequences\" \"kill one butterfly in the past, ww3 in the future\" Can explain a crazy chain of events that COULD happen if the right sequence is triggered. A popular video game that utilizes this trope is the horror game \"until dawn\", where every ... | [
"Related: what happened to the similar but different term Lakonia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If you're stranded in the middle of the ocean and start to feel dehydrated, why is just drinking the seawater around you bad? Why will it not hydrate you? | [
"Osmosis. Salt water has more salt in than the cells in your body and your blood. So instead if drinking salt water and the water being absorbed, it actually gets drawn out of cells towards the saltier water. You end up peeing out more than you drink because the kidneys can't concentrate the urine more than the sal... | [
"Being thirsty is just the body's way of representing it's need for water. Your own saliva is using water the body already has, so doesn't help that need- you need water from an outside source. If you save a bunch of drool in the fridge, then drink it when you're thirsty, it *should* quench your thirst- but I don't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why was it custom for men and children to wear suits, ties and other smart clothing during the 1900's? | [
"That was just the style back then. You always had to look your best when going out in public. Edit: I had a neighbor years ago who was born in the 1910s, I believe and he'd put on a suit, tie and hat to go to the mailbox."
] | [
"There are lots of kinds of suits. One type of suit is called a Tuxedo. The Tuxedo is characterized by colored or black flat lapels that don't connect, bow ties, a waistcoat/low cut vest, trousers with a stripe down the side that match the lapels, diagonal buttons and a handkerchief in the pocket. The Tuxedo is the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Honestly, how does time, or the concept of “time,” even work? | [
"Could you explain what you're asking? Time is simply the fact that all things doesn't happen simultaneously"
] | [
"Your senses turn of and you go unconscious. You no longer pay attention to the passage of time and so it doesnt happen to you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
How exactly is a calorie "burned"? | [
"From a chemistry standpoint, they mean it quite literally. A calorie is a unit of energy. This energy is stored in the chemical bonds of a molecule, almost always in a molecule of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. When you eat and digest it the food, it turns into one of those molecules your body can burn for energy... | [
"How many grams if protein are present? Etc. And calories are determined by measuring how much energy the serving will give off using a calorimeter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does WiFi in a house or office still suck in an age where we can have a drone transmit a WiFi HD video signal from a mile away? | [
"I wouldn't say WiFi really sucks. It all depends on the setup you have: if you have a sufficient number of access points (antennas), or if the ones you have are strong enough. Your house plays a big role in this as well, thicker walls means a bigger loss in signal strength. There's two frequencies used right for W... | [
"Have you ever used Skype? It can be very spotty, even on a desktop with a ethernet connection. Facetime? Very spotty, even with a relatively stable 4G connection. Now, imagine you are transmitting high-def audio and video to your mobile relay (van), to the relay station, to a satelitte, back down to earth, etc. I ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does going through an emotional episode (ex. heavy crying) physically exhaust the body, when you’ve likely stayed mostly stationary throughout it? | [
"While your body was stationary, your muscles inside your body were not. Your heart was pumping faster, andrenaline was being injected into your muscles, you were tense, etc. Andrenaline itself is well known for leaving the muscles feeling tired once it leaves."
] | [
"I am by no means an expert in biology nor neurochemistry, but I have read a few articles on the matter, and my mother is in the medical field. What I can recall of what I have read, when you spend a significant amount of time in a sedentary state your body goes into a sort of pseudo hibernation state, to conserve ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
How do micro organisms survive in the stomach? | [
"There a many many many different types of bacteria. A lot like environments that have neutral acidity, normal temperatures, and low levels of salt. However then there are some types of bacteria (called extremophiles!) that like high temperatures or high salt levels or acidic or basic environments. The acidophiles ... | [
"I believe because the vinegar makes the water solution too acidic for most bacteria to survive in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is fiberglass not considered as dangerous as asbestos? | [
"Well I know that the asbestos fibers are so fine and light that they float invisibly through the air and destroy your lungs if you breathe them in. I think fiberglass stays in larger pieces and doesn't become razor sharp dust"
] | [
"Offgassing plastics. There is some concern that plasticizers and solvents released from many industrial products, especially plastics, may be harmful to human health. All the car companies use the same types of plastics so thats why the smell is the same."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do sad situations make it feel like our hearts are actually hurting, when it's just an emotion. | [
"When faced with stressful situations (includes situations that make us sad, like a break-up, or a death of a loved one), the body produces fight-or-flight hormones. These have an effect on the blood vessels on the heart, raising blood pressure and increasing heart rate, which all increases the stress on the heart.... | [
"The insidious thing about depression is that it isn't exactly heart-wrenching despair so much as it just a complete and total apathy. Favorite activities become rote and dull, food is boring and tasteless, and you don't have any energy to do anything. People cut for a variety of reasons. Sometimes they're so trau... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is happening in your stomach when you feel like it's "dropping" on a roller coaster? | [
"The force of the coaster as it accelerates and decelerates very rapidly applies force to your internal organs, but they are held in place by some internal membranes that have some elasticity. Your stomach resembles an expandable bag so it tends to have more movement and elasticity. So the effects of the rapid spee... | [
"Try eating some food before hand. Some people experience pretty bad stomach aches when drinking water on an empty stomach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why shouldn't I mix old and new batteries or batteries of different types (disposables with rechargeables)? | [
"Different batteries have different voltages. And you don't want to try recharging a non-rechargeable cell. Rechargable batteries generally have a voltage of 1.2 volts, compared to heavy duty or alkaline cells with 1.5. If you were to put a rechargable battery in parralell with an alkaline cell, the alkaline cell w... | [
"Nope. Not always anyway. The memory effect was a phenomenon in NiCd and NiMH type rechargeable batteries. Most batteries these days use Li-Ion, which is actually harmed by doing full depletion cycles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is arachnophobia not only such a common thing in humans, but often times severe enough that even something as far removed as a picture of a nonexistent fictional spider is enough to cause discomfort and anxiety? | [
"Probably because many spiders are venemous, and so, like snakes, people evolved to fear them. There aren't very many creatures common throughout the world which can poison us, spiders and snakes are the only ones which come to mind really."
] | [
"Phobias are not just limited to fears, they also include strong feelings of distaste to something. So while not everyone will be scared of being gay or being scared of homosexual people, they can have a strong sense of dislike or hate towards the idea, thus is classed as a phobia."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is the difference between capital gains and dividends? | [
"Capital gains are when an investor sells a stock for a profit. Dividends are typically when the corporation has made so much money that they would like to reward the investors. So the company gives them cash every three months or so."
] | [
"The take their income from stocks, dividends, investments and bonuses, rather than from a fixed salary."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes that brain fog kinda feeling ? | [
"insulin can do that. Your body releases insulin (technically a hormone) to help process carbs in the food you eat. That can be one reason why people feel sleepy after they eat a big pile of pasta, for example. If a diabetic patient gets too much insulin in a post-meal injection, it can “fog” them so much that it c... | [
"All that flexing and stretching is causing a brief, temporary change in blood pressure to your brain, causing that lightheadedness, dizzy feeling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do wild animals know what is safe to eat and what is not? | [
"Smell and taste warn both people and animals what is poisonous and what is not. There are some things which are hard to identify as poisonous because they have no telltale smell, taste, or appearance, but most things warn off people and animals. The aversion to the smell and taste of poisonous objects is driven by... | [
"Very short response - Survival. Our sense of smell helps to let us know if something should be eaten or not. If you eat garbage, which is full of bacteria, it can make you sick or kill you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:"
} |
How do both eyes move in the exact same way? And why does it cause strain when they don’t (e.g crossing your eyes for too long) | [
"When the nerve going to one eye is stimulated, somewhere along the way that same nerve stimulates the nerve of the opposite eye. So essentially both nerves for each eye are stimulated at the same time when your brain decides to look a certain way."
] | [
"I have exotropia in my left eye. Firstly, I've had wonky eyes forever, one way or another, and as such my brain has decided to mostly ignore what my left eye sees. To expand on that, I can still 'see' out of my left eye (I can switch between looking out of my dominant right eye, or my practically useless left eye)... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can't a sitting president be indicted for crimes while in office? Is this a set rule or just tradition? | [
"The question is: who does the indicting? The President has plenary power over the executive branch. He would be the boss of anyone who would be tasked with indicting him for a crime. It wouldn't make any sense. Who is the President *not* the boss of? Congress. That's why the clear course of action to control the h... | [
"Nothing. The President can only be impeached if he himself has committed \"treason, bribery, [or] other high crimes and misdemeanors\". Being the beneficiary of the crimes of some other foreign government is not grounds for impeachment so long as they were acting without his knowledge or consent. If, however, it c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the numbers on your glasses RX, and how do they corelate to your visual accuity? | [
"You are correct; the numbers correspond to a measurement called the \"diopter,\" which is simply the reciprocal of the focal length. That is, your 3.5 diopter lens will cause a beam of light to converge 1/3.5, or 0.28, meters behind the lens. A positive diopter means that your lens corrects farsightedness, causing... | [
"There are tests that see how the eye focuses automatically. One of them uses an image [in my case it was a hot air balloon] and your eye will naturally try to focus on it. The machine bounces a laser off your eye and measures the defraction to see how the lens changes shape. This is used to get your correction fai... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What’s the difference between 4WD and AWD? | [
"Typically 4wd has locking differentials that send even power to all four wheels. AWD sends power to specific wheels typically with front or rear bias depending on car, and then all or none of the power to appropriate wheels based on available traction when conditions require it."
] | [
"Marketing. Would you buy a 2010 Toyota when you could have the 2011 Ford?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does seeing other people vomit make us want to vomit? | [
"The evolutionary advantage of \"contagious vomit\" is that in a group of people if someone got sick from something, it was likely others would to. So...first person eats something poisonous or that has gone bad and makes you ill, then others wold get it out of their system _early_, rather than wait until genuine s... | [
"Why does a post about the need to urinate make me have to pee?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:"
} |
; why is it that different people feel hot and cold at different temperatures? For example, in the UK we’d consider 30 degrees Celsius to be very hot, but I know that’s not the case elsewhere. | [
"In the UK, we don't have hot weather infrastructure. Our houses are designed to keep heat in. The only place we have air conditioning is in cars. Plus the humidity is likely to be higher in the UK. Countries that experience heat regularly have different building structures, air conditioning in some countries. Some... | [
"Cats have a higher average body temperature than we do! We are 98.6 and they are at 101.5. Because of this, what is \"room temperature\" for humans is actually a bit nippy for cats. That's why cats like to hide in insulated spaces like boxes, or lay in the sun. Cats are perfectly comfortable in 85 degree weather w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
. Why does warm water clean dishes so much better than cold water? | [
"Some greases soften up when warmed up. Think of candle wax. If it was all over a plate cold water would make it harder"
] | [
"Rinse, yes. Wash, no. For the detergent to work properly it needs residues to stick on to and wash off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
. Why do flamingos stand on one foot? | [
"Because if they stood on 0 feet they would fall?"
] | [
"Question 1: Do you have a cat? Question 2: Do you floss? That might help. Question 3: Do you sleep with your mouth open? This can dry out your mouth which leads to bad breath."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health:"
} |
What is the basic difference between a "syndrome" and a "disease"? For example why is it called Tourette's Syndrome or Parkinson's Disease and not vice versa? Is there a set criterion or threshold that needs to be met for such classification or to go from one classification to another? | [
"Generally speaking, a syndrome is a collection of symptoms that are related to each other through some common cause, and a disease is a single cause of some illness, but there's a huge area of overlap in using the two terms. For example, AIDS is syndrome (in fact that's what the S in AIDS stands for) because it's ... | [
"There is no such thing as a symptomless disease. Having detrimental symptoms is part of the defintion of what classifies something as a disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do pets get so hungry when they have much higher quality food than ever before in history, a regular supply, and they don't need to expend any energy to get it? | [
"Because the body of animals has evolved over millions of years for survival in the wild. And animals have only been domesticated within the last 30,000 years. So even though it’s higher quality food, and is constantly available, and they don’t need to hunt, and they don’t need to survive a harsh winter outside - t... | [
"You should keep in mind that for essentially every animal but present-day humans (and even for some of us today), famine is much more likely than feast. So all creatures are evolved with an emphasis on gathering, storing, and preserving reserves of energy in case of famine. There is a part of your brain that, towa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do anime companies win profit? | [
"I believe Japan still relies heavily on physical sales for their revenue. So the cleanest way to support a Japanese anime is, unfortunately, to actually purchase the DVDs. There may be officially licensed sites but they could be hard to find or access. Generally if the site you are going to is \"mainstream\" like ... | [
"How successful have you been with everything but YouTube?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
how does helium change your voice? | [
"When you speak normally your vocal cords vibrate at a certain speed or frequency this is usually the same when you are breathing air. Helium is a much lighter gas than air, which is why balloons filled with it float so well. When it passes over your vocal cords they vibrate faster which makes the voice sound squea... | [
"why do we yawn when we read about yawning?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does mankind not build the same way as they would in space? | [
"We could, and there are a few examples of where we have, but the main reason is the same one driving pretty much all decisions that are made - cost. It is much, much, much cheaper to build traditional style buildings and just pump resources into and through them and out the other side than it is to build the kinds... | [
"A country that invents a useful way to shoot guns in space could claim any portion of space they want to."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Space exploration and international relations:"
} |
How do birds go forward when flying if their wing movement makes it look like they would only go upwards? | [
"The flapping motion itself is generally used to build or maintain height. However, with the angle and shape of a birds wings, a bird can adjust its tilt slightly while flapping or gliding to build forward momentum. The forward momentum builds as the bird tilts forward, and will accumulate as the bird flies through... | [
"A boomerang is essentially a spinning wing. Because it's spinning , one half of the wing is moving through the air faster than the other half. Think of how the part of a bike tire touching the ground is momentarily stationary, while the part furthest from the ground is technically moving twice as fast forward as t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does ice taste different to water? | [
"Every water tastes different. But if you're referring to water and ice made from the same surce, you taste differently those 2 things because one is colder than the other, also during cristallizzation water traps gasses that would be expelled while in liquid form, which contributes to taste"
] | [
"The ice cubes are below freezing. When you pour water on them, some of it freezes between them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How did languages get formally translated long ago? | [
"> how did people learn two or more languages without growing up around the respective native speakers? Typically they or their parents hired a tutor. Those that couldn't afford to hire a tutor and didn't grow up around the native speakers of multiple languages typically didn't learn multiple languages, with the e... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Language and Translation:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Language and Translation:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does the sun location specify where we are on earth? | [
"The sun rises in East & set in West & travel over the equator If you know which way north you can use this information to determine if you are in northern hemisphere (Sun will be to the south) or southern hemisphere (Sun in north) If you use a sextant you can measure the exact angles of sun from horizons triangula... | [
"Because the constellations are below the horizon for one side of the earth,there is a planet in the way. I don't really know how to expand on this"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
With the millions (or billions) of barcodes in the world and more being added daily, how are they all unique? | [
"Barcodes are actually just a font what represent the numbers that are normally printed just below it. The most common type of barcode in North America is the UPC (Universal Product Code) that is owned and managed by GS1. GS1 officially licenses barcodes for products for sale, using a system where the first N numbe... | [
"They use optical sensors to determine the location of markings on a bill. Since the markings on each form currency are unique to that specific amount, its very easy to set it up so it knows which markings correspond to a value. Its the same idea as bar code readers, at least as far as detection goes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does using an ad blocker cause the youtuber not to earn ad revenue? How does youtube know that ads are being blocked? | [
"I'm not sure which method YouTube uses. But one common method of measuring ad displays is looking at how often an ad image is displayed. When you see an ad on a website, it means the image for that ad has been downloaded to your computer to display it in your browser. This download can be tracked on the server whe... | [
"Because the mobile version of the YouTube video doesn't have any ads in/on it such as the floating add or annotations by the uploader. So if they want to max ad revenue from their video, sometimes they disable mobile viewing in a hope to drive more views via a PC so the ads will be viewed as well. It's pretty douc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why when penguins walk, they walk in a row? | [
"Same reason any other animal including humans tend to walk in a row when going across difficult or dangerous terrain: they're following a path. The path is often less obvious than the ones followed by, say, elephants in a jungle, but it's there and the penguins know* where it is and that following it is easier th... | [
"Tail feathers counterbalance real well like a tightrope walker. If you watch a bird on a wire you'll see them moving their tail feathers for balance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do horses have horseshoes on there feet? Do they need them? | [
"Horses in their native environment generally spent a lot of time walking on harder, more arid terrain, which over time would harden and shape the hoof into form, sort of like a callous. Nowadays, however, horses tend not to move around nearly as much per day and do so in wetter environments and softer terrain. As ... | [
"Imagine you were walking, but when you lifted your foot up it felt like it was still on the ground. That's what it's like for them when they're wearing dog shoes. Needless to say it confuses the fuck out of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Were little old people always little or do they shrink as they age? | [
"Most people do shrink as they get older and their bodies degenerate. The very little old people you're thinking of were short to begin with and shrivel up more."
] | [
"Maybe it's because you've been with them for so long that you never noticed the changes. It's like having a puppy and never realising how fast they grow up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How can you tell the odometer reading from a totaled newer car with only a digital odometer and no dial odometer? | [
"If you're not able to power up the ECM to get it with a reader then I believe the insurance companies ballpark it off your driving and service history"
] | [
"To my knowledge the odometer never legally resets. What people do note though is if you put a new engine in they will tell you how many miles are on that engine. So you could have a car with 400,000 on the odometer but an engine that only has 100,000 on it. Only problem with this is there is no meter that shows en... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the sound quality of a headphone/earphone vary? | [
"It's the quality and construction of the drivers that affect the audio quality. Ideally you want your drivers to move linearly, up and down, right the in middle. Poorly designed and manufactured drivers aren't well supported so they may not move perfectly up/down or they might not move perfectly in the center. Any... | [
"Try out /r/headphones' daily advice thread. Those frequencies are pretty standard, what you want is a good sound signature for rock, the sound signature is how loud each range of frequencies are, you can think of it like an EQ. So if you want a lot of bass, you want a bass heavy sound signature. Besides sound sign... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what are the purpose of horse shoes? | [
"The hooves of a horse are made of the same material as fingernails. It wears down easily on roads with tightly packed dirt and on stone. Tamed horses which are ridden or used as beasts of burden also tend to move around a good deal more than those in the wild, so the wear on their hooves is a serious problem even ... | [
"What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it that when we take a picture of the sun or moon with our phones it never really looks like we see it with our naked eye. | [
"Dynamic range. Your eye can resolve a candle a mile away at night, or the sun shining on white walls at noon, basically at the same time. Phone cameras are more limited, and tend to adjust for the brightest object in the field of view. That tends to darken everything else relative to your eyesight."
] | [
"You're not supposed to look directly at the sun at any time. You just hear the warning around solar eclipses because people usually aren't tempted to look at the sun unless something special is happening with it. You make those pinhole viewers during the eclipse so you can see what's going on with the eclipse with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The UK is currently in middle of a huge heatwave which is hitting Europe. This heat is causing trains to be cancelled or run slowly due to fears of tracks ‘buckling’ from heat. Why is it that in mainland Europe where countries have high heat more often that trains are ok there? | [
"I'm from Belgium. I've just to taken the train to make my daily connection Brussels-Antwerp. On a normal day, it's 45 min. Today it took me 1h45 min., because of trains cancelled or running slowly. So don't worry mate! It's the same in mainland Europe! Edit: grammar I could fix by myself"
] | [
"Largely because it is really really hot and while local regulations state that workers shouldn't work during the hottest hours of the day that has been forgotten regarding the workers from abroad. That combined with long hours and general hard labour is leading to lots of people dying of exhaustion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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