query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How does pool shock work? | [
"It's just an extra large dose of chlorine to kill anything with a massive blast, and then you use a lower dose as \"maintenance\" to stop anything new from infecting the water."
] | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
With the quantity of Frozen water on the moon higher than we previously thought, will there be any dangers with using this as drinking water? | [
"Well, the moon has two very abundant things, sunshine, and cold. It would be very easy to set up a bunch of solar panels, then use the electricity from that to boil the water, then use the cold outside to condense that steam back into distilled water, which would be safe for drinking. Otherwise, it might be tech... | [
"It means if we ever want to establish some sort of human-habitable station on the planet, we can potentially save a lot of fuel since we might be able to use martian water instead of flying it out there from earth. Also, since water is essential for life as we know it, it means there's a greater chance of finding ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does hot air create that gassy shadow? Shouldn't there be any shadow at all? | [
"Changes in temperature cause the air to expand or contract in volume, changing the density and therefore altering how light passes through it. When bent by this transition between densities the light will produce a wavering effect above sources of heat (why you get a mirage, or see the heat effect from objects) an... | [
"I'm pretty sure it's due to the air getting hot and therefore moving up. The movement makes the light flicker. Pretty normal sight in summer. Difficult to tell from what you described. The tubes probably do not heat the air up the way the cars do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
How was the Planck Length discovered/derived? | [
"In physics, there are a bunch of equations that include universal constants. For example, E = mc^(2). c is the speed of light. It's the same everywhere. But the specific number it is depends on what units you're using. If you're using meters per second, it's about 300,000,000. If you're using miles per hour it's a... | [
"Theories cannot be proven as fact, but they can be supported by enough facts to make denial of it an unreasonable thing to do. To deny the ocurrance of the big bang, is like denying that gravity exists. ______________________________ Evidence for the big bang: Large-scale homogeneity, Hubble diagram, Abundances o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do tamed horses need horseshoes and what happens to horses hooves in the wild? | [
"Horses living that \"all organic\" lifestyle are basically walking on their toenails for shoes. Their toenails are worn down naturally when hiking around the woods. However, if they take a bad step or just have rough day, their hooves can crack or split. Imagine having a split fingernail and having to put no less... | [
"Because you'd have to keep a horse off it's feet to allow the injury to heal Horses sleep, eat and do everything else standing . Other than occasionally lying down when rem (rapid eye movement) sleep is needed. That should show you how not worth the work that process of trying to heal it would be. Some racehorses ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How can large company executives get paid in huge amounts of company stock and sell that stock without being charged for insider trading? | [
"Exec's sell stock on publicly available schedules. They announce to the public they're going to sell X shares of stock in 3 months. It's not private info anymore"
] | [
"They are an investment firm that was involved in insider trading. A lot of middle class citizens using the same investors were not let in on the profits although their money was used for the purchasing of stocks that profited from the illegal use of insider information."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do bands start their songs by saying "One, two, one, two, three, four" instead of just saying "One, two, three, four"? | [
"A lot of band songs these days are pretty fast. That one-two is half the speed of the one-two-three-four, so denotes one and three rather than one and two, and is a helpful run-up into the song. having two bars to prepare instead of one means that people are much more likely to come in on time. It's also probably... | [
"In 2/2 time, the emphasis is on every other beat (e.g. ONE two ONE two...). With 4/4 time, the emphasis is on every 4th beat (e.g. ONE two three four ONE two three four...)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How exactly do things like Google home and Alexa work? | [
"The machine constantly listens for the trigger word. Once it hears that, it records the next few seconds of sound and sends them over the Internet to a server, for analysis and response."
] | [
"Why can't you? What type of internet do you have?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do small bugs divebomb your ears? | [
"They don't. There are simply more of them flying around , at any one time, due to the increased buoyancy (of warm air rising)"
] | [
"Insects don't need to use doors, any crack will do to enter and exit. Ever had a roach knock on your door?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do so many trains in the UK (and possibly other places) get cancelled or delayed due to hot weather? | [
"The excessive heat causes the tracks to expand, which can make switches sticky. The trains need to slow down for safety."
] | [
"What's worse, I was told that freight trains have priority over passenger. Which can cause delays of many hours. I was lucky that this didn't happen on my train trip, but several passengers that take that route regularly told me they've been delayed up to 3 hours before."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do people develop eating disorders? | [
"Some people feel comfort from eating and, in times of stress, develop a kind of addiction where they must constantly eat to stay comfortable and happy. & #x200B; On the other hand, some people see themselves as overweight and will do everything they can to not eat, or just vomit up the food (bulimia). & #x200B; ... | [
"Neither Down Syndrome or Autism are mental illnesses. Could you clarify what you mean by this question? Do you mean disorders such as Down Syndrome or Autism, or mental illnesses, more along the lines of depression or schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are some money sharing services such as Venmo able to deposit money into a bank account virtually instantaneously while other services such as PayPal take multiple business days to do the same? | [
"Venmo deposited basically by using your debit card in reverse. Those transactions happen nearly instantaneously. The paypal transfers are done through ACH (basically an electronic check) and since those are done in a few daily batches rather than through a card processing network, there's a day or two delay in tho... | [
"I wouldn't call it a bad system, just an outdated one. ACH is the system that US banks use to transfer money to each other. The system is run by the Federal Reserve Bank. When you request to send funds to an account at another bank, your bank sends the cash to the Fed, and the Fed then sends the funds to the recei... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where did the phrase “Kick the Bucket” come from when talking about someone dying? | [
"Upvoting for \"trust me, I know\" CW: suicide Also, here's what Google has to say on the etymology of that phrase, \"A person standing on a pail or bucket with their head in a slip noose would kick the bucket so as to commit suicide. The OED, however, says this is mainly speculative; The OED describes as more pl... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does ADHD medication have the opposite effect on people who don’t have ADHD? | [
"Part of ADHD is normal activities dont release dopamine, meaning you'll seek stimulation that does. By taking a stimulant like adderall or ritalin, the idea is that by correcting the imbalance, you'll be able to focus If you dont have ADHD... well you're taking an amphetamine aka speed"
] | [
"ADD and ADHD have been collapsed into one diagnosis, ADHD, which now has subtypes: ADHD Inattentive type, and ADHD hyperactive type. There is also an ADHD: mixed type where you are both inattentive and hyperactive. The diagnosis of ADD has been removed from the DSM (the bible for psychiatrists and psychologists). ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why did Nixon organize the Watergate Scandel? | [
"It wasn't Nixon who wanted it so much as a few key people. His Republican party wanted information on the Democrats--things they were planning--for the next election. But Nixon knew about it and tried to cover it up."
] | [
"Extreme incompetence or criminal negligence. Take your pick!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is it recommended to breathe in through the nose and out through the mouth when exercising? | [
"It slows down your breathing and that then slows your heart back down. Also, your nose helps warm and moisten the air so it doesn’t damage your lungs."
] | [
"It's more natural for people to breathe through their noses when they are at rest. In about 85% of cases, mouth breathing is caused by blockage in the nasal cavities that prevents people from getting enough air through their noses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
How did a minority of slave holders got a majority of southerners to fight the civil war? | [
"So, part of the issue is that while the primary reason the Civil War was fought was slavery, the deeper reason is that slavery formed the fundamental basis of the South's economy, and without that, their economy would completely collapse. They were so reliant on slavery to function that without it, they couldn't c... | [
"While not the official flag, it is the flag most commonly associated with the Confederacy. That would be the group of states that seceded from the country, sparking the Civil War. The Civil War was mainly fought because the southern states wanted to retain their right to allow slavery. So, the Confederate flag is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is salt bad for you in high amounts? | [
"Because it dehydrates you. I forget what it’s called but liquid likes to be stable so it goes from high concentration to low concentration and when the salt absorbs water in your body it can’t go anywhere else except leave you. I could be absolutely wrong so if someone knows better than I do please correct me!"
] | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do solar panels work? | [
"Solar panels are two layers of semiconductors, one laced with a substance with fewer electrons (+) and one laced with a substance with more electrons (-). When light passes through the layers, it knocks an electron lose, causing it to jump up from the negative side to the positive side, and another electron from t... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What does inclusive or mean? | [
"The word \"or\" can have two different meanings: \"Inclusive Or\": This is saying \"X or Y\" and meaning \"X is good, but Y is good too\". An example in a sentence is \"I'd like to get pizza or sushi, but not tacos\". \"Exclusive Or\": This is saying \"X or Y\" and meaning \"If you pick X, you can't have Y\". An ... | [
"How would you define \"winning\" a presidential debate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do diamonds stay valuable? | [
"Diamonds stay valuable because the Debeers company stockpiles them and keeps an artificial scarcity on them at a global scale. Inherited diamonds do not lower value much because of population growth. This means that there are more people in \"need\" of diamonds every generation than those that become available due... | [
"We uh... still do? 1 - It's shiny. Humans like shiny things. 2 - It's rare. When you only have a little bit of it, every piece is more valuable! 3 - It doesn't go away. Silver and Gold don't corrode quickly and last a long time. 4 - They are easy to work. Silver and Gold are softer metals making them useful for th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can therapy help you? | [
"Physical therapy: physical therapy is a collection of exercises and practices that can strengthen and heal your body in order to reduce pain and recover from injury Talk therapy: a collection of therapeutic techniques that can help patients learn to cope with problems, overcome emotional pain, and understand life,... | [
"The same reason it is important to find out anything. Why wouldn't you want to know?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does money that people spend on space exploration get back in to the economy? | [
"You need to build the stuff that gets us there. Whether that’s research, or the shuttles and rovers and stuff that go out there, somebody’s doing it."
] | [
"The mission cost 73 million dollars, so lets give that money to the poor. This means you could afford to give everyone below the poverty line in india 18 cents. It can be argued that the boost this will give to indias science and technology industries is a better way to spend this money."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is emotional and mental therapy used to help people overcome depression or other cognitive conditions? | [
"Ideally to cope with the underlying cause. Otherwise to learn how to deal with the consequences. Know that many psychological conditions can't be fixed at all anyways with therapy and then it always boils down \"how do I live with it\"."
] | [
"Physical therapy: physical therapy is a collection of exercises and practices that can strengthen and heal your body in order to reduce pain and recover from injury Talk therapy: a collection of therapeutic techniques that can help patients learn to cope with problems, overcome emotional pain, and understand life,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you look better in some mirrors then others? | [
"I don't know that there's an ELI5 for this, but it's because there is different lighting that changes the features and accents of your face."
] | [
"The camera doesn't add 10 pounds, our eyes subtract 10 pounds. We're just shocked when the camera is more honest than what we're telling ourselves in the mirror."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does the earth's atmosphere get colder the higher you get when 'warm' air always rise to the top? | [
"Air also cools as it expands. Because the higher you go the less air is above your position the more the air at that level expands and there is a point that the cooling of expansion is greater than the heat retained in the air as it rises."
] | [
"Clouds don't drop water in order to \"rise\" or go higher in the sky. The wind is pushing the clouds and all the air beneath them toward the mountain. When it reaches the mountain, there is no where for the air to go except up, so the whole column of air goes up. The reason it rains when this happens is due to th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Did dinosaurs have things like downsyndrome? | [
"Dinosaurs are living beings, all living beings have DNA, and down syndrome is a disease that results from having 47 chromosomes in your cells rather than the normal 46. Given that this is an error during mitosis and cell division, I don't see why dinosaurs couldn't also have these kind of diseases."
] | [
"you mean like an appendix? Or an ear lobe? There are probably tons of these that we don't need, that are too obvious to notice. Like finger nails. We certainly don't need them anymore. Whats the point of butt cheeks? how about hair on our legs? we evolved to have different eye colors. What for? Oh and hiccups ar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
what's the difference between a tailored suit and a fitted suit? | [
"Fitted is a snugger, more form-fitting cut but it's still just buying a size off the rack that is closest to what fits you. A tailored suit is as you described, completely custom to your body's exact dimensions."
] | [
"a) Materials. What it's made of. Outside, Liner, and filler. These make the suit last longer, and look better longer. Good wool is better than cheap wool. b) Cut. How the suit is designed. A suit should be designed to fit around the person wearing it. The classic Chest/Length (42/L) are just two measurements. You ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are so many items and even whole buildings from ancient Greece and the Roman Empire found underground? | [
"You'll find ancient cities that were abandoned for various reasons. Things that remain above ground for too long are exposed to things that often destroy them like weather, sun, animals, and people. However, wind and rain will often bring dirt, burying what's left of the old city. Things that survive long enough t... | [
"There are several advanced societies with cities in the US. There are even cities carved into the sides of cliffs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Social Sciences:"
} |
Who does close the doors when driver gets out of bus | [
"The driver does. There is a mechanism for opening and closing the doors from outside the bus, it’s just not intended for and not advertised to the general public and may be secured."
] | [
"They leave the cockpit to go to the bathroom, and make sure the door is locked when they leave."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How exactly do people catch food in their mouths without gagging? Is gagging an actual risk when you're doing that? | [
"Can't speak for others but when I do it I catch it in my mouth. That is I use the back of my tongue to block off my throat so stuff actually gets caught in my mouth instead falling straight into my throat"
] | [
"> Are they able to close off their airways while they eat or do they have a separate process ? They close off their airway while they eat, much like how humans close our airway when we swallow. Get a cup of water, hold your breath, and take a drink while holding your breath. This is something you can do perfectly ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I have heard Mitch McConnell blocking this blocking that, like the supreme judge seats and the voting security bill, how can he do that, I am not an American, doesn’t every congress or senate member get a vote? | [
"Due to a mix of tradition and senate rules, the senate majority leader is the one who decides what is placed on the senates calendar"
] | [
"He is not a convicted felon and we cannot impeach, so he stays in position, we can and have taken away his powers, so he's just kinda sitting there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what is data mining? | [
"Usually data mining is a thing coming with large quantity of data. When you do real statistics you postulate a thesis that you prove or disprove, but when you have lots of data you can use certain techniques to find patterns and correlations that hint at things being connected. A lot of market analysis is based on... | [
"Cs - writing code and algorithms IT - maintaining hardware and networks Is - design and maintaining data systems - how to collect and process data"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does our heart beat *harder* sometimes? | [
"Your heart beats to pump oxygenated blood to your body as needed. When you are at rest your heart beats slowly. When you are active your heart beats faster and harder to pump more blood faster through your body. Your lungs provide the oxygen so when you are active you breathe faster and deeper to take in more o... | [
"Because stimulatants can cause prolonged and intense strain on your heart. Imagine your heart beating as fast as when you are running but for 24hrs straight on meth. That much strain isn't good for your heart."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is a mortgage on a bad option deal? | [
"An \"option deal\" is presumably referring to stock options. A stock option deal gives someone the ability (but not the obligation) to buy or sell a stock at a given price on a given future date. So for example if you think a particular stock is going to decrease in value in the future you could enter into an opti... | [
"It's capital supplied by a private source rather than a regulated lending or banking institution. The loan amount is less than the property value because the borrower is required to have \"skin in the game.\" a lender doesn't want to put themselves in the risky position of lending the full value of the property. H... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do flamingoes stand on one foot? | [
"Assuming we're talking about a flamingo that has two legs, because otherwise you're just being a jerk to the cripple flamingos. We can't know for sure, due to the poor communication skills of flamingos, but it is believed that it conserves energy by keeping them warm - it both keeps feet out of cold water and keep... | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If an atomic warhead detonates while the missile is flying at 1,000 mph, do we get a nuclear explosion moving at 1,000 mph? | [
"Yes and no. The amount of energy released by a nuclear weapon far outstrips the kinetic energy it had by flying at 1000mph. This really muddies any measurement you might make about the movement of the plume. Will you get a 1000mph flamethrower that carves out a wide swath of death and destruction? No. Will the bo... | [
"It isn't so much what they are composed of but how quickly they are moving and the energy they contain. It is sort of like asking how a jacketed bullet, composed of similar materials to a penny, is so dangerous. An alpha particle moves at about 15,000 kilometers per second and a beta particle moves in excess of 22... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How is light scattered? By absorbtion, or reflection? | [
"> is it absorbed and then radiated as a lower energy photon? That is called \"reflection\". If it is just absorbed it isn't flying around as light anymore so it isn't scattered. > Or is it reflected off of the molecule with the same energy? That would be a perfect mirror and likely can only exist in imagination."... | [
"An object is dark *because* it's not reflecting light but absorbing it. An object is white *because* it's reflecting all the light that hits, rather than absorbing it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:"
} |
What is bipolar disorder? | [
"Everyone has a neutral mood. It's like your brain has a thermostat and it's set to a certain level. Something good happens, mood goes up, something bad happens, mood goes down, but it always slowly returns to the same neutral point. Bipolar is basically a broken thermostat. Good and bad things still make your mood... | [
"Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome. Its a pita to get an official diagnosis."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does physiotherapy not exacerbate injuries sustained from overuse, like repetitive strain injury (RSI) in hands/fingers for example? | [
"The physical therapy is generally working to strengthen other muscles and tendons around the site of the injury so that they can take load off of the muscles/tendons/etc that are damaged by overuse. Also this helps you make the motion in a more balanced way even after it heals, hopefully preventing a recurrance."
... | [
"Nothing. No study has found any causative link between cracking your knuckles and degeneration or harm in later life."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How laughing is different from normal speech. Also, why it hurts after laughing too hard. | [
"Laughing is not talking. Talking is just pushing air through your throat, it's a soft and controlled thing. Laughing means that you are contracting your abdomen a lot to produce bursts of laugh. It hurts because it's the equivalent of doing a lot of crunches. Contracting your muscles in that way, in rapid, erratic... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Health and wellness:"
} |
What effect does sulphur in its gas state have on people and the environment? | [
"Depends on the gas composition. H2S gas is deadly at very low concentrations. In humans It will irritate the mucous membranes and lungs at around 20-200 ppm. It shuts down the respiratory system at around 500 ppm. This depends on the size of the person. Smaller people will be affected at lower concentrations. Basi... | [
"Turbidity of the water, salinity of the water, mineral content of the water, microorganism content of the water, distance to the bottom, composition of the bottom, to name a few reasons"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are restrooms/bathrooms on an airplane called a lavatory? | [
"Basically because a lavatory does not have a bathtub or a shower stall. Only a wash basin and toilet."
] | [
"They take up too much space and are impractical for a house. The reason they have them in public toilets is they're more efficient when lots of people need to use them. It's not like you'll have more than one person using the toilet at the same time in your house."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do we know exactly where each country divides? | [
"Most territories were settled by war or a straight up swindle. Then there was the infamous land rush (some say grab.) That's where you get your square states."
] | [
"Educated guess that Worldwide colonization by uk caused many parts of the world to speak the language."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are names like Aaron and Aaliyah spelled with 2 A’s? How does that double A affect the pronunciation? | [
"Traditionally Aaron is pronounced 'air-on'. It derives from the Hebrew 'Aharon'. Thus, the double a is from the loss of the 'breathy' second a. 'Aaliyah' is spelt with two as presumably to show the long a sound in the Arabic original."
] | [
"I speak some Arabic. Not fluent anymore, but enough to answer this question. In Arabic, a lot of vowels are unwritten. For instance, Allah is written A-L-L-H. Also in Arabic, you can add a slight vowel to the end of any noun to indicate that it is either the subject (U) or direct object (EE). To write Allah akbar ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do game/movie studios store and archive projects? | [
"The best information we have is from games that have been discontinued and then years later there is a project to restore the development of the game or movie in order to make a new release. And the archiving process varies wildly between companies and projects. You should think that it is enough just to make a zi... | [
"Sony has over 140,000 employees spread out across 10+ countries (who knows how many different offices?).. and they probably routinely transmit large amounts of data because of all the Movies that are constantly in production. 100TB is probably \"chump change\" for network-transfers when you're working on big movie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How much of a cold or flu virus do you have to be exposed to in order to catch it? | [
"1 virion is all it takes to make you ill. There's a few factors at play in whether someone contracts a viral infection. Your immune response is obviously a big one. If you've encountered the virus before then you've already got the tools to deal with it again. Another interesting aspect is the fact that someone el... | [
"If the virus is not present, no you can't. The virus would have to be in there first, or you would have to bring it in with you. Getting a cold has absolutely nothing to do with the temperature you are in, that's a myth. Also a cold is caused by a virus, not bacteria."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are most of the houses in US constructed of wood compared to other countries where it's concrete structure? ( Just talking about single homes and not buildings) | [
"The U.S. is heavily forested and has Canada (another forested country) as a neighbor. Wood is cheap, abundant, and can easily be molded/shaped. However, you do get more concrete structures in certain areas like hurricane/tornado zones. Edit: It's also cheaper to repair, replace, and build on to."
] | [
"Middle eastern homes don’t have to deal with the snowfall. The flat roof also helps with collecting rain water. In places that get snow they have V shapes so the snow slides off and doesn’t build up on the roof and cause it to collapse. Thirdly is material. A lot of middle eastern homes are made of brick, with tim... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The physics behind seeing water on the road in a distance even though it’s not there. | [
"It's because of light refracting through the heated air just above the surface of the road. Refraction causes light (as well as other things like sound and waves) to bend when they move from one material to another. The heated air is different enough from the cooler air above it (due to density and heat expansion,... | [
"The road warms up in the sun and warms up the air just above it. Light moves through warm air slower than the colder. This creates a bend as the light travels to your eye. For you it looks like a mirror on the road. Driving across prairies on a sunny day sounds really magical."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is that "blurry effect" seen in photographs when an object like a car or a train moves quickly? | [
"There are many multiple things but the simplest way to explain it would be with exposure time. That's the time the film or light sensors collect light. Since most cameras are digital lets stick to to that. So for however long the exposure time is the sensors collect the information that will determine the color of... | [
"Long exposures. The movement of the water is smoothed out by the exposure. It sort of overlaps with where the water was in the earlier part of the exposure. You know when you see a blurry picture of a car or something? A bit like that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does 'Smart Play' on Headphones work? | [
"There will be a small proximity sensor that when it detects the inside of your ear will start a command to play music, the opposite will happen when you take them out. Someone can correct me if I am wrong but I think that's the answer."
] | [
"The Tor Project is Awesome. If you can afford a VPN-That's better!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can’t our body break down corn yet there is some sort of corn in many foods? | [
"Sweet corn and dent corn are two different species of corn. Dent corn is a hard kernel that is used only as a grain, meant to be processed before being consumed by humans (Doritos, Corn Flakes, and high fructose corn syrup). It is almost pure starch with a little fiber. Sweet corn is corn we eat as kernels of co... | [
"Because of sugar. It wasn't until \"recently\" in human existence that we started using artificial ingredients in our food and other byproducts. Our bodies were design to only eat meat and vegetables, things we could find out in the wilderness. Our genetic code didn't prepare our bodies to fight off the large amou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Dentistry:"
} |
Why are different animals so much more sensitive to different products like chocolate or alcohol? | [
"Some animals developed as carnivores and therefore are not adapted to eating the chemicals that many plants produced, for example chocolate contains theobromine which is a plant based chemical similar to that of caffeine, however it can bind to the adenosine receptors and alter the oxygen levels and blood flow. In... | [
"Chocolate is poisonous to dogs because of the Theobromine in cocoa. People can get Theobromine poisoning as well, however our bodies process Theobromine faster then a dogs does. This is also why dark chocolate is the worse for dogs, it contains more cocoa then milk chocolate or white chocolate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are atoms so much "empty space"? | [
"Electrons need that amount of space to make complete waves. Think of a kid spinning in a room, of the kid doesn't have enough space he'll just keep hitting the walls and get upset. Do YOU want upset electron kids?"
] | [
"Because there's not enough matter to fill it. For instance, water is 10^25 times as dense as the galaxy. Matter also tends to clump together because of gravity. But if this didn't happen, space would still be a really good vacuum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
what is torque? I read definitions and people tel me what it is but I still don’t get it | [
"Any twisting force. When you use force to twist open a bottle or a jar, that is torque. If the jar is stuck and you have to try really hard, that is a lot of torque. If it loose and slides easily, that is only a little bit of torque. Torque is often used to describe cars. It is the same kind of twisting force. It ... | [
"you should ask /r/askscience but i'm going to up vote you anyway i think ELI5 is better for topics you already have a conceptual understanding of but need a clarification. ain't it einstein who says \"If you can't explain it to a five year old, you don't understand it yourself.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do radios go static when you take your hand away from them? | [
"If your talking about old radios it would probably be something along the lines of you found the signal and when you took your hand away it changed the wavelength because it wasn’t passing through your hand maybe 🤷♂️ If it’s happening with anything newer and like 20 yr old it’s just broken"
] | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can glass break just like that? | [
"That's probably tempered glass, which means that it has a lot of internal stresses which \"pull\" it together strongly. That makes it more durable, but if it breaks, the stresses are released at once and it shatters entirely rather than just cracking like normal glass. I assume that the countertop had been nicked ... | [
"How can you look out your window and still see the interior of your house?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do archeologists know where to dig? | [
"The first archeology was done be a german in the 1800s who was interested in the Iliad. There was a local legend that a particular hill was the site of the ancient city of Troy, so he got a crew and dug into the hill. He found the ruins of an ancient city. For a century archeologists basically went around the wo... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can terms of services apply to teenagers when they are underage yet still old enough to use social media platforms? | [
"A term of service isn't a contract. It's just an agreement and one whose primarily function is to absolve platforms of responsibility. So if you go on their platform and violate their terms of service and do something illegal, they can point to it and say, \"They knew they weren't supposed to do that, we do did *o... | [
"18 yo is the designated age in the USA for viewing mature content, as it is the age of majority. It help keeps websites from getting in trouble if minors see the image and content, cuz there was a warning and stuff. 18 is also the age of majority, which means in the US that someone can decide what to do and what n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the North Pole considered the top of the world and the South Pole considered the bottom? | [
"Top and bottom are relative. Consider where the most powerful empires are and have been, and where most of the people live and have lived, and that people tend to want to be ‘above’ rather than ‘below’, then you get the orientation we are used to: North as ‘top’ and South as ‘bottom’. But there is no ‘real’ top or... | [
"Quite simply, you're looking at the names backwards The planet's poles were named because direction the magnet points, not the other way round :-) North on Earth is the direction the North end of a magnet points. The North pole is actually the \"south\" magnetic pole of the Earth's magnetic field."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what makes foamy water white? | [
"The white just means light is being scattered in all different directions. Foamy water = lots of bubbles which make the light scatter. Similar to why snow is also white, or ground up glass vs a window, etc.."
] | [
"You talking about all the oil mixing with water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Explain how radios work | [
"There are three radio systems: AM, FM, and Digital. They work differently, in detail, but they have a few common characteristics. For example, let's discuss AM. An AM station might transmits with a channel assigned at 1MHz. The ITU regulates radio frequency assignments world wide, through the FCC in the US, and th... | [
"They are indeed synthesized with a computer, and the colors are completely fake. Electron microscopes cannot see color."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can youtubers like ScottTheWoz use music that is licensed in their outros? | [
"Found another more precise answer Nowadays, most professional composers resort to AdRev or similar services to protect their copyright. Don’t let this discourage you. AdRev system allows the composers to easily clear the claims and even to whitelist entire YouTube channels to prevent any future claims Source: Safe... | [
"In most cases, they will infringe copyright. This is why most youtubers use royalty free music. However, they can also change the pitch/frequency only slightly on the music and it will prevent the YouTube bot from discovering the track. This was my research a few years ago, so it may be different now. But also you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does being in the sun drain your energy? | [
"The body needs to hold his temperature at round about 36°C. So if you heat up due to beeing in the sun, the body needs energy to get the heat out. (Just like a fridge which need energy in form of electricity to transfer heat to the outside)"
] | [
"You get tired using your brain too you know. That thing uses a lot of energy. Do you use your brain a lot at work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
; To whom or "what" does the world owe it's international debt, and what happens if we don't pay it off? | [
"* Countries owe each other money. * If country A doesn't pay country B, then it's really up to country B to decide how to respond. * They might: * Go to war. * Apply economic sanctions. * Prevent travel to/from country A. * Complain to country C. * An unlimited number of other things."
] | [
"1.) If everyone refused to pay their debts, the economic mechanisms that allow us to use credit cards, get mortgages, etc etc would fall apart overnight. 2.)How are you going to organize everyone to do this? If you could, would you not be effectively declaring economic warfare? 3.)A lot of people would say that i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why in nature are animals almost uniformly symmetrical, but people are very often not symmetrical? | [
"Animals are often assymetrical. You don't pick up on it as often, mainly because you are not familiar enough to spot the imperfections. Humans are around other humans so much, and have evolved to interpret their facial expressions and moods that they are really really great at spotting when something is not the wa... | [
"If I understand your question correctly, you are asking why the pattern of veins is different in your right arm compared to your left? Because you expect our bodies to be symmetrical? Our bodies are not symmetrical. For example, our liver and appendix are on the right, our spleen, stomach and heart are on the left... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does the human body experience heat at temperatures lower than it's own? | [
"Because the body is trying to maintain an even temperature which means in high temperatures it becomes increasingly difficult to shed excess heat created by the human body."
] | [
"Our bodys are better equipped to handle heat than the cold. Additionally the core body temperature is actually quite high making most \"hot\" showers closer to normal temperature than any cold shower."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why Isn't the Milk Way expanding as fast as the rest of the universe? Or Is it? | [
"Eli5: Expansion can be thought of as caused by a weak force gently pulling things apart. Gravity is a force that pulls objects together. Gravity gets weaker as you head away from the mass creating it. Expansion gets stronger as you put more distance between you and another point. Where gravity is really weak, far ... | [
"I am currently reading \"A Short History of Nearly Everything\" from Bill Bryson. He does a wonderfull Job at explaining how we got to know stuff like Gravitational Force, Distance to other Planets, the shape and structure of the Earth, etc. Give it a try if you are interested in this stuff, its really funny writt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why do downloads in some websites start "in a couple of seconds"? | [
"Usually it's so they can control the flow of traffic to and from their server so the site doesn't crash from too many connections at the same time."
] | [
"Each time you open another page, advertisements load. Same reason why each of those 7 things will be on it's own webpage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does a good economy mean for an average person? | [
"Good economy means more tax income, more tax income means better infrastructure, better government services like education, healthcare or welfare programs. Better infrastrucutre and services leads in turn to even better economy. More taxes also means than tax rate can be lowered without hurting infrastructure and ... | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does it mean to declare money an the airport? | [
"[You're supposed to declare that you're transporting it.](_URL_0_) Why would you even want to though? Why not just do the bank account thing and not worry about the possibility of all that cash going missing somewhere?"
] | [
"Because people think they are the best. Do you want to enumerate your concerns?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does bug spray work? | [
"There are at least two different types of bug sprays: Repellents: These work by keeping bugs away. Typically they use a smell that bugs really dislike. Others, such as DEET, which repels primarily Mosquitoes (But also repels other biting insects), will block the receptors that Mosquitoes use to track down their pr... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how do big shipping companies like Amazon guaranteed one and two day shipping while remaining efficient? | [
"From what I know from where I work, the business puts a certain amount of product in an amazon distribution centre so they are ready to be shipped upon ordering. We get notices that our inventory are getting low at amazon and we have to send more to the distribution centre."
] | [
"USPS isn't tax funded and has to compete with UPS and FedEx for shipping things larger and/or more complex than a simple letter. If you a shipping an item to a relative across the country, you have options, not just USPS. Because of this, USPS will market just like the other two in order to gain market share and i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does nearsightedness still exist while looking in a mirror? Why do distant object still appear blurry, when all the reflected light from the mirror remains at the same distance? | [
"It's not the same distance though. The reflected light had to travel from the distant object, to the mirror, then back into the eyes. Thus to focus on something in a mirror, you have to adjust your eyes for the total distance traveled. This differs from a painting, in that with the painting, the object you're focu... | [
"Well it isn't because of the curve of our eye. Instead it is because of the difference in the distance between an object and our pupil (the vertex of the angle of light) and the distance from our pupil to our cornea. It is geometry. The further away something is the smaller the angle the light from the top of the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
what are the grey areas that we can see in the moon from down here? | [
"They're called mares. It means \"sea,\" but these are actually more like patches of the surface that had melted and re-hardened in the distant past."
] | [
"same way you can see a forest when your in it. The thin streak you see is the rest of the disk relative to us."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about astronomy:"
} |
How do people like firefighters/exterminators determine the “origin” of a fire/infestation? | [
"Firefighter since 2008 here. Most places don't burn to the ground with nothing but ashes left. Finding the origin consists of viewing how far along things burn and understanding a fires normal path. Fire burns up and out, with a goal of getting more air to feed itself. In this way there is often a V where the abou... | [
"Every area is susceptible to some kind of disaster. We still need access to ports/ vacation areas (hurricanes/tsunamis), timber (forest fires), agriculture (tornadoes), movies and computer parts (earthquakes/forest fires/droughts/mudslides). It's just \"the cost of doing business.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can anime be produced on a weekly basis? | [
"They work on multiple episodes at the same time, and the they work probably at least 50 hours a week to meet the dead line, and sometimes they don't, so the episode will take a dive in quality. Edit: to the pay question, animators get paid like garbage. Also for other shows like dr.stone, that was in production pr... | [
"> most popular anime at the moment The amount of money to be made (in the west) on anime TV is close to zip, and cartoons, especially high quality cartoons, are grossly expensive to make (this gets lost a bit, but yes, cartoons are often very expensive and time consuming to make compared to live action). Its no wo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between a directory and a database? | [
"Do you mean \"directory\" or \"repository\"? A \"directory\" is basically a Windows folder. It's part of a filename, and it's used to group related files together. A \"database\" is an actual file, which contains data organized in a structured way. A \"repository\" is a Git term; a Git repository is basically a Gi... | [
"They're often loading from a different server than the rest of the website."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What purpose do continents serve apart from broad classification? | [
"There is not one but a few different models for the continets. Some of them are just for classification. Some are used to differentiate what is one landmass and what is another. I thing the most common models used are the geopolitical and historic political one. These differentiate between what you could roughly c... | [
"Many place names come out of history, rather than necessarily strict logical distinctions. As such, there isn't necessarily a hard set of rules as to 'what comprises what' geographically. Not everyone even agrees on the number of continents, or their geographical extent. Are there several oceans or just one big on... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what kind of effect would forgiving everyone’s student debt have on the economy | [
"Easiest way to describe it is this. Think of all the money that people are spending per month on their student loans. Many are spending hundreds per month to pay off their loans. All those debts disapearing would be a big boost to the economy. People that are paying off their student loans are generally young, an... | [
"The Student loan bubble is referencing the fact that student loan debt is non-dischargeable and a very large portion of the population is being burdened with between 10 and 30 thousand dollars of this type of debt each. It popping is either hundreds of thousands of students failing to pay back their debt and the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the “mirror universe”, how Leah Broussard and her team trying to prove its existence/absence? | [
"And another good question that I have asked in the past, that has since gone unanswered: Is there some reason to suspect that this \"mirror universe\" is fundamentally different to the CPT-inversion, or is it that the mirror universe is another fancy name for the CPT-inversion?"
] | [
"How ? Our Universe may very well be the result of two universes on completely different dimensions of imagination, colliding. Your question is pretty much what scientists and accomplished people throughout history were and are still trying to answer. We know how life came to be, how our solar system was created, b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about science:"
} |
Does dyslexia only effect reading and writing, or visual input in general? Either way, how? | [
"Sort of, your brain interprets the image wrong to fit what it thinks is a better match something you may already know, you see the interpretation not the actual , so new words and images can be confusing.. i drove by a sign that said \" folklife museum\" and for 3 yrs would swear it said \"forklift museum\" fork ... | [
"some people take in things better when they read, others when they hear it, yet others when they participate in it actively somehow. it's different for everyone. most people are a combination of all of the above. interest in the subject makes a big difference as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Radioactive half life. | [
"It is probabilistic. So if an atom has a half life of 1 second, this does not mean that in 1 second that atom will now be a half atom. Instead, it means that on average, that atom will decay within its 1s half life 50% of the time."
] | [
"There is its called florescent lighting. Edit: typo"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why do strongmen have more body fat & smaller muscles than bodybuilders but can lift heavier? | [
"Power lifters focus on functional movements- the actual motions used to lift, push, and pull heavy items- to maximize the performance of the relevant muscles. Body builders focus on maximizing the size/appearance of many muscles that are superficially visible, but may not be relevant to the functional motion of li... | [
"Men and women are different physically. Men have more testosterone and that allows them to build more muscle mass. In general men are 50% stronger than women in their upper body and 2/3 stronger in their lower body. This allows men to do tricks that require a lot of strength easier than women."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do baby animals developing in eggs eat/drink with nothing to eat/drink? | [
"In eggs the baby uses the yolk for nutrients. In placental animals the mother provides nutrition through the umbilical cord."
] | [
"They use less energy because they do not move around or are cold blooded. Or they have a lot of fat stored up. Fat humans can easily survive not eating for a months. Give them vitamins and supplements and they'll be perfectly healthy as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Repeatedly plucked hairs keep growing, and often get stronger/thicker, instead of going away. What is the mechanism behind this? How does the body not 'get the message' and learn to stop growing them? | [
"Plucked hairs dont get thicker, its just that the tip of the hair is now blunt from being cut that it appears thicker. And no, the root is embedded in the skin."
] | [
"It does not. The hair simply falls out after reaching a certain length because of different factors like the time it takes to grow or the strength of the root to hold a longer hair. The hair appears to be a constant length because they are constantly being regrown and falling out and regrowing. So the premiss to y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
why aren’t all rivers like the Grand Canyon? | [
"First off, it's the Colorado River. But yeah, it's like that because there's so much water and it flows so quickly. It was flowing fast in the same place for a very long time, and the ground underneath is very carveable. Other rivers are either closer to the sea and spread out (so they aren't concentrated enough t... | [
"They put out a program on the mound builders about 15 years ago which hinted that they might have been built by immigrants from the Old World. The program was sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Just about lobbed my remote at the screen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the real ways to save the environment? | [
"Don't have a pet which eats large amounts of meat in its diet, reduce your meat consumption, reduce your car mileage and airmiles; are steps you can make on a personal level to be more green."
] | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Beyond Meats Market Cap is 25% of the S & P. | [
"Market cap, short for market capitalization is the total value of the company, based on what people are willing to pay for the shares. To put it another way, it’s the price of a share multiplied by the total number of shares that exist in the company. The S & P is a list of 500 really large companies. Taken lite... | [
"> Why is the British Pound worth much more than the USD, when it seems like the equivalent goods cost the same face value amount? They don't. Box of cornflakes at Walmart: $3.28. Box of Cornflakes at ASDA, UK subsidiary of Walmart: £2.65. £2.65 = $4.52"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that sometimes we see the sun with rays shooting out of it, and other times we see just the orb-form of the sun? | [
"It's our atmosphere. Here is my favorite [effect](_URL_0_). Light reflects of water and other particles depending on density and angle."
] | [
"It is daylight, there is just no atmosphere to appear blue. Also all the millions of stars lighting up the space around you are there too, they just don’t seem that bright compared to the huge one in front of you, if you go to the dark side of the moon and look up apparently you can see them all, some are so far a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Physics:"
} |
Did our ancestors experience vision loss similar to how we do? If so, how common was it and how did it affect their day-to-day survival? | [
"Nearsightedness is largely a disease of urbanization and industrialization. populations like the Inuit went from like 0% nearsighted to like 50% nearsightedness in one generation due to urbanization. So our ancestors likely did not have that vision issue. But presbyopia, which is difficulty seeing near, starts aro... | [
"Cancer is largely a disease of old age. The longer you live the more likely you are to get cancer of some sort or another. Historically, a lot of people didn’t live long enough to get cancer. On top of this, detection is getting better, so more cancers are caught, or are caught earlier, than was the case in the pa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come a nearsighted person can see clearer when they squint? | [
"Myopia is caused by an elongated eyeball or an over-curved cornea or lens. Basically, the geometry of the lens in relation to the retina is wrong. Squinting can alter this geometry, \"squishing\" the cornea and lens into a shape that better focuses the incoming light on the retina."
] | [
"Maybe it's because you have to force your eye's lens to focus close things (your phone). And for far images, you don't."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how WhatsApp prevents spammers from using the app | [
"Their main tactic is really just making it difficult to sign up for a WhatsApp account. To sign up for WhatsApp, you need to put in a real cellphone number. They have a way of telling a real phone number from a \"virtual\" one (using VoIP), and block any attempts to sign up with one. By doing this the barrier to e... | [
"Many of them collect metadata to target ads. Others require a small portion of the program to function. A dangerous few snoop in on your calls and messages. Quite a few are ones that send premium phone calls/messages to steal your money. There's a great variety of reasons."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why is it that our hands feel the cold faster than the rest of our body? | [
"The body works hard all the time to keep your body at the right temperature. Most important to keep warm is the core of your body—internal organs and brains. If you’re in a situation where it’s cold and your body starts to get cold, it will constrict the blood vessels at your extremities—hands and feet, arms and l... | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How is water consumed differently to food? | [
"Water is absorbed by the small intestine, and the water inside what you eat gets also absorbed there. Then, the solid matter goes through your large intestine, where the proteins, vitamins and minerals are absorbed."
] | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When driving a car with an open window at certain speed, why there's a noisy sound in the ear like pulsating or drum ? | [
"If you take a bottle of water, remove the cap, and then tip it upside down the water will flow out in a gurgle. Every so often the flow will stop and air will get sucked up into the bottle, then the water flows again. This happens because of pressure inside the bottle versus outside. If you poke a hole in the uppe... | [
"The car is in vacuum and there is no sound in vacuum. You need a medium for sound so if the speaker are playing the song there will be some vibration in the rest of the car as sound can travel in it. But if you where in a space suite beside the car you would not hear anything. If you pressed the helmet to the car ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are the principles behind dieting such a mystery? | [
"Also, your metabolism adapts to be more efficient with less food. Not survival mode, just adapts. Plus, your body is smaller, which generally requires less energy to function. Hormonal levels tend to shift with weightloss if you cut too far, but research shows these are subdued when the high quality protein and ve... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can my brain recognise four objects without counting, whereas if there are five objects, I have to split them into a three and a two? | [
"This is called \"subitizing\" and is actually really cool. Basically, they're two different processes. Counting is a very manual deliberate and conscious process. Subitizing is based on your brain's object tracking systems--how many moving objects you can keep track of at once. Even if the objects aren't moving, y... | [
"Language is really just a way to formally organize your thinking. It is a great tool for doing this, and like any other tool that is good at its job you will naturally gravitate to using it. For example: you can add. If i tell you to add five to seven, you are not going to count in your head \"Seven, eight, nine, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do stabilisers work? | [
"There is a small sensor built into the device that detects movement - similar to the one on your phone that detects tilt. The system is then setup so that when the sensor detects some movement, the motors offset it by moving in the opposite way. Obviously there is a limit to this, as the motors can only move so mu... | [
"Could you be a little more specific as to what you would like to know? How it works to facilitate the immune response? How it helps to circulate the lymph fluid? Something else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how does hacking work? | [
"it works by studying the system and identifying weak points, then find a scheme where you exploit the weak points for your goal. Say i would phone your grandmother, convince her i'm you, and arrange circumstances that let her pay for something she would do for you, say new sneakers. i would exploit the weak points... | [
"you see that search reddit box over there on the right? You search keywords from your question. Such as: \"search for answers about questions\" or \"how does the economy work\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
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