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What happens when I put a magnet up to a computer monitor, or television screen.
|
[
"A CRT display is based on firing a beam of electrons at a coated surface that lights up when hit by electrons. The display is controlled using an electromagnet to deflect the beam, so that the right bits light up to make the desired image. Moving another magnet close to the display messes up this control system. Newer display technologies like LCDs shouldn't be affected this way though, as they don't rely on controlling the magnetic field."
] |
[
"ELI5 why you are putting your fingers on the computer's screen."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How forums detect whether you're still online or not?
|
[
"They tag you as \"online\" when you visit a page of theirs. After that, you're \"online\" for a certain period of time (say, 10 minutes). If you haven't done anything on the site for that time, you're tagged \"offline\". Otherwise, your \"online\" timer restarts."
] |
[
"Subreddits are not official reddit creations. Instead, reddditors like you or me create subreddits, and then decide what they want to do with them. So, for example, you could create a subreddit that is used solely as a sort of message board for your group of friends, make it private, and only allow your friends to post there. If I were to do that, then there's no way that you would ever gain access to it, because you're just some random person on the Internet, and not one of my real-life friends."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
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Why do your emotions come in 'waves' after something very emotional occurs?
|
[
"most emotions come from chemicals in the brain such as dopamine, oxytocin, adrenalin, serotonin, etc. When your brain starts to release these chemicals, it doesn't happen all at once. It begins to secrete them as if opening a valve. The flow starts slow until you get enough of the chemicals and your brain is filled with what it needs. So it feels like a wave because it starts slow and builds up until you're full."
] |
[
"Sadness is when your dog dies and you feel bad about it. It's a normal response to negative events in your life. Depression is when nothing makes you happy anymore. Your brain chemicals are fucked up and it's difficult, if not impossible, to enjoy anything."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
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Why does 100 degree F water feel hotter then 100 degree F weather
|
[
"When you put your hand in 100 degree F air the air around your hand starts cooling down. However only the immediate air around your hand. Air is a good thermal insulator which means that it will not transfer heat from the surrounding air to the air in contact with your skin very fast. The molecules are too far apart and do not crash into each other that often. However water is a good thermal conductor so the water in proximity of your hand will try to equalize the temperature much faster. You might have experienced similar things with metals that feels cold or hot to touch and you can not heat or cool them down at any pace, however a ceramic mug will not feel that extreme and will quickly be fine to touch on the outside."
] |
[
"You're comparing kind of cold to really fucking hot. Grab dry ice and you'll immediately damage your finger just like touching a stove. An open flame used in household stoves is around 800° to put your question into perspective, a more even comparison would be -20° and boiling water (212°)...their closer to even ends of the scale."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
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Why do we have historical evidence that Julius Caesar existed but none about Jesus Christ?
|
[
"Because Caesar was actually important back then, unlike Jesus."
] |
[
"I looked for and could not find any record from the time period that Jesus was alive that mentions Jesus. The first time Jesus shows up in history is, I believe, about 30-70 years after he died."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
; Why is Jesus on a cross the symbol for the religion and used against demons?
|
[
"Jesus on the cross is dying for our sins, to absolve and protect all the rest of us. He protects us from our own \"demons,\" that is, our sinful nature. Remember, being crucified didn't destroy Jesus. He was resurrected shortly thereafter. It was merely an ordeal he went through on our behalf. I think I've got this right. Perhaps a better theologian can correct me on the nuances."
] |
[
"Mostly, it's a slow news day. You see, the cups are red and green, and according to the media, that is not Christmassy enough for certain demented people who require graven images for their celebration of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, Lamb of God."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
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Why do sunsets/sunrises turn pink and orange, but those colors aren't present with the sun is actually up?
|
[
"White light is every color of light combined. When you see a rainbow, what you're seeing is the different waves of light separated. At sunset/sunrises, sun light isn't aimed directly at you. It hits the atmosphere and bends to where you are. So instead of seeing an intense white light, you'll see shades of colors. And before you ask why you never see green sunsets, it's because it's in the middle of the spectrum of visible light. (You'll see blue/yellow/purple/red more often than not.)"
] |
[
"The moon is actually a dark grey color, it only looks white from here due to the contrast with the infinite blackness of space. The sun emits light at all wavelengths and peaks in the yellow-green, but it can appear red or orange at sunset since the atmosphere is screening out blue. At noon it's definitely white, but don't stare at it."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
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Why does every elevator have a "door close" button if almost none of these buttons actually work?
|
[
"They work fine when the fire key is turned."
] |
[
"The heat of a fire tends to melt and fuse the wiring in, among other things, elevator call buttons. This closes the circuit, sending a \"call\" signal to the elevator. So if you got on an elevator in a fire, it would respond to this call and take you right to where the flames were hottest. Firefighter elevator keys don't just reactivate the elevator, they prevent it from responding to call button signals for this reason."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
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Movies used to show people dialing numbers like 555-1212. Why couldn't film producers secure ordinary phone numbers from the phone companies by buying them outright?
|
[
"They can, and have. But why pay money when you don't have to? Also, they might not have that number forever, so whoever gets it after them will still get harassed. No point."
] |
[
"1-800 became the typical phone number for a company because it is super-definitely-**not**-secret phone company code for a toll-free number. In a normal phone call, the calling person pays while the receiver doesn't. This avoids being forced to pay for something out of your control (someone else calling you). With a toll-free number, the situation is reversed. The caller doesn't pay, but the receiver does instead. Companies use toll-free numbers because customers are more likely to call and purchase stuff if they don't have to pay outrageous fees in order to do so. 1-877 came about because the phone companies ran out of 1-800 numbers If the question was why 1-800 is the Toll-Free number, then I'm sorry to say I don't know"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why can Netflix stream at 2.0 MB/s, but Steam can't get above 500 KB/s?
|
[
"I think you are confusing megabytes (MB) and megabits (Mb). Does your ISP offer you 4 MB/s or 4 Mb/s? Megabits are far more commonly used when ISPs tell you your speed. A 4 Mb/s speed is roughly 500 KB/s (kilobytes) per second) so that sounds about right and your Netflix is probably able to utilize near the full connection as they pick the best quality you can handle so long as you have use HD checked."
] |
[
"1.32 M**b**/s. Mb/s = Megabits per second. MB/s = Mega*bytes* per second. 8 megabits = 1 megabyte. 1.32 Mb/s means 165 KB/s. 0.53 Mb/s means 66 KB/s. That's an upper limit, you should expect slightly less than that. If you're downloading at 150 KB/s, then that's normal for your connection. At your upload speed, uploading that video would take 4.3 hours."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Internet speed and service:"
}
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Can a commercial aircraft, like a Boeing 747, do a looping?
|
[
"They can't loop in the nice circular sense. They don't have enough thrust to make it over the loop even if they start at max speed. However, if you're careful, you can get far enough over than, when you stall out, you're past vertical and can \"flop\" over to complete the loop in a rather ungrateful manner. You are extremely likely to over speed when pulling back to level. A barrel roll is no problem. 707s have done it at least twice for publicity."
] |
[
"1) because WWII started 2 years after the Hindenburg blew up and civilian air travel stopped for the duration of the war. 2) By the end of the war aircraft and jet engine technology has matured to the point where airplane travel is vastly better than anything Airships can offer. In contrast, when the Titanic went down, people still took ships because there was simply nothing else available for long distance travel. EDIT: Also, operating the Hindenburg is expensive, it can only carry 72 passengers, required a crew of 10 to operate and a trans-atlantic crossing took 4 days. A 1958 Boeing 707 can seat 150 passengers, required a crew of 4, and can fly from New York to London in 12 hours."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
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Why do people snort coke? Does coke get in the bloodstream through your lungs?
|
[
"Nope, it enters through your sinuses. Your sinus cavity has all kinds of membranes that the drugs can enter your bloodstream through, and the effect is pretty quick. The only really quicker ways are smoking or injecting, which both require some equipment and preparation - snorting is quick and easy. Eating or drinking is much slower, as the substance has to process through your digestive tract a bit before it starts getting absorbed."
] |
[
"Its typically lactose powder, or vitamin b powder for those who are lactose intolerant. These powders are harmless even if snorted. If they are snorting a lot of \"coke\" the straw is typically coated on the inside with vaseline, which will cause most of the powder to stick to the straw, instead of going into the actors nose."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Entertainment:"
}
|
Why is it that certain weapons, like poisonous gasses, are banned from use in warfare by the Geneva convention, yet countries and governments can still use them against their own population, such as tear gas to control riots?
|
[
"Geneva convention is largely a gentlemen agreement. No one wants their soldiers getting gassed or having to patch up wounds from hollow points. Its easier to just say no one gets chemical weapons and fight with conventional weapons, then it is to say \"there are no rules\" and everyone have them. Its already illegal for citizens to use tear gas on cops, so there is no objective reason to outlaw it for law enforcement. The question of its something is humane or not doesnt really tend to stand in the way of most governments."
] |
[
"\"Weapons of Mass Destruction\" are labeled as such by the US Government to indicate that a certain type of weapon is *indiscriminately* destructive. When you shoot bullets at someone else, you are somewhat more precise with who you are aiming to kill. There won't be as many deaths of non-combatants. When you use weapons such as poisonous gasses, nuclear explosions, or sickness to kill people, you have a good chance of killing your intended target, but you will very likely also kill thousands of people you did not mean to kill. That's why they're worse. Arguably, you could say that the firebombings of Tokyo & Dresden were also weapons of mass destruction. You could also reasonably argue that the deployment of landmines are as well (you don't kill lots of people all at once, instead you kill lots of people over the span of decades)."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
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Why can't I buy health insurance whenever I want (in the US)? What is a "qualifying life event?"
|
[
"Health insurance companies aren't allowed to turn you down because you have existing medical conditions. So if you were allowed to sign up whenever you wanted, that wouldn't work; you could just wait to buy health insurance until you had large medical expenses to cover."
] |
[
"If you're exempt from the penalty, you're still exempt, no matter how big it gets. You don't exactly have many options. Unless you have a qualifying life event, you have to wait until 1/1/2017 to get a health insurance plan. If your income is as low as it seems, you likely would have qualified for free coverage under medicaid if you just applied before the deadline."
] |
eli5_question_answer
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{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
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How do we create saliva in our mouths and where does it come from?
|
[
"I don't have any reference materials, so I can't to much detail, but nobody else answered yet, so I'll do a summary. Saliva is a combo of mostly water and proteins with a little bit of dissolved salts. It comes from salivary glands that are placed in several places around your mouth. Mostly under the tongue. A gland is basically a pocket. The cells that make up the pocket are specialized to make the proteins and release them through their cell walls into the pocket. They also have gates that let them bleed a little bit of water that comes from the cells who absorbed it from your blood. The salts mostly just followed the water. Hopefully a more detailed answer will come along for you later if you're still interested."
] |
[
"Moisture is absorbed into the bloodstream throughout your digestive system. As it travels through your blood, it transports waste products to your kidneys which uses the water to help flush these waste products out. It's more complex than that, of course, but that's the general process."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
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If Flash and Java plugins are going to be removed from Firefox and Chrome, why can't they make "good" versions of the plugins that will still work?
|
[
"The problem isn't with the plug-ins but rather security issues with the core languages of Flash and Java. Mozilla (which makes Firefox) and Google (which makes Chrome) feel that there aren't ways to make safe use of those languages for web-based services through your browser."
] |
[
"If you remember the Internet 5-10 years ago, most of the fancy multimedia sites and games were made in Flash, which meant you had to download a separate plugin to view them. As a viewer, It meant you were at the mercy of Macromedia/Adobe if there were security holes. You also can't view Flash content on smartphones. For people making sites, they had to buy expensive software to make Flash content*. HTML5 added a lot of features that match those in Flash. So now web developers can make games and interactive media sites without needing Adobe software, and you can view them with just your browser. You can also view them in smartphones, since all they need is an up-to-date browser. Note: Adobe did eventually release some free/open-source tools for programming in Flash. They don't include the drawing and animation tools in the for-pay product."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
Why is it that humans have a lot more distinct feature where you can tell one apart from another, but animals almost always look the same?
|
[
"Three things: There’s a phenomenon where people have a hard time telling people of a race different than their own apart, because their brain hasn’t practiced seeing those types of faces. I would assume this is also the case with animals. Basically, we’re good at identifying human features because we see them a lot, but we don’t have practice with other animals. Second, the human brain is wired from birth to recognize human faces. Newborns will stare at vaguely face-shaped things. This implies that we have an instinctive recognition of human faces. Third, not all animals have the same diversity as we do across a small population. Most squirrels, fish, raccoons, etc. in an area look the same because they’re not as genetically diverse as people."
] |
[
"Yes, those differences in appearance are caused by one genetic abnormality that causes all the other symptoms of Down's syndrome. If the other symptoms of Down's Syndrome made it easier to live life as humans, attract a mate and have children, then it could become part of what you could call 'evolution'. Persons with Down's syndrome look similar to you for the same reason that persons of a race that you are not very familiar with look the same - your brain mostly notices how they look different from the 'norm' of human appearance. If you think about it, this is how you tell your friends apart - seeing, and also exaggerating, the differences in their appearances."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about biology:"
}
|
Why do we move our whole body around while playing a video game as if we are in the game?
|
[
"Your brain consists of neurons that are connected to one another, and these connections strengthen over time through repetition. In your whole lifetime you've learned that the way to evade an object flying at your head is to move certain muscles. So when some neurons send a signal \"there's something flying at my head\" the nerves that move these muscles get an automatic signal."
] |
[
"Playing a video and actually doing the work rendering the video games are two different things. It's similar to watching a video of ninja warrior vs actually competing and doing the work in the competition."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
How Car Lighters Work
|
[
"At the basic level, wires that don't conduct electricity well generate heat as they resist the flow of it. When you plug a cigarette lighter into your car's port, the electricity does just this: generates heat on a wire. Once it glows red, it is hot enough to light a cigarette if touched to it."
] |
[
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Adapted For. Vitamin-D Deficiency Was Very Common In Black Children In The Northern US And Europe Before Modern Technology Made Nutrients More Easily Accessible. Being Black Or Brown Outside Of The Tropics Would Have Been Maladaptive For Most Of Human History Because There Would Not Have Been Enough Sunlight For Proper Nutrient Uptake. Capital Letters."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
The body can self heal wounds and broken bones etc. Why not regrow limbs after amputation?
|
[
"It is theoretically possible, as some species of lizards con do it. However, evolution drove us towards scar tissue, which serves to seal the wound from infection long before the limb could regrow."
] |
[
"It mostly has to do with healing speed. Scar tissue grows very fast to repair the wound without much regard for anything else. If something causes the wound to heal slowly, normal skin cells will have time to replicate and grow instead of scar tissue. On a small scratch, if you keep picking the scab off every time it forms the wound will heal slowly and scar tissue will not form. They do this to burn victims to keep the amount of scar tissue down. I think if a small cut is infected or inflamed, bacteria will prevent the wound from healing fast and it won't scar as much. Scarring is actually an interesting phenomena. It represents our ability to not regenerate when injured. Some animals don't scar at all and completely regenerate when an entire limb is removed, salamanders for example."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
Please ELI5: why too much salt is bad for you.
|
[
"I want to take a different approach. Drinking salt water kills people. That is the fact. Why? Because NaCl (that is what salt is) when its in water it forms two ions (Na+ and Cl-). These two molecules attract water around them as they have a charge. So when you drink the salt water, these ions in your body attract water, they are more stable (happier) with lots of water surrounding them. Because Na+ and Cl- can't get into your cells as easily as water can, they end up actually SUCKING water out of your cells. That is why salt water can dehydrate you. the actual term for this area of science is Osmolarity if you want to look into it more, but it doesn't really get any more exciting than this...!"
] |
[
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How do they determine the caloric value of different foods?
|
[
"Originally they used a [bomb calorimeter](_URL_1_) but now it is just calculated using the [Atwater system](_URL_0_) from the percentages of individual components. i.e. if we know the energy in a single gram of protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, or sugar then we just need to know how many grams of each is in a piece of food and add them up."
] |
[
"How much fat, protein and carbohydrates are there in water?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
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Why is Oman such a 'quiet' nation despite being right in the middle of chaos?
|
[
"They are not in the middle of anything. They are a coastal country bordering two stable countries, and one semi stable country."
] |
[
"No it's not, it is a constitutional monarch similar to that of England except King Abdullah has a few more powers. But don't let that dissuade you for it is a highly developed country with one of the freest economy in the Middle East. It's getting positive press for the actions it's doing to ISIS in retaliation for the death of their pilot."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
If diamond is the hardest substance, and you can only cut it with other diamonds, how were diamonds originally acquired?
|
[
"Diamond is very hard, which means it is very resistant to scratching. It has a very low toughness though, which is the resistance to impact. [\"Somewhat related to hardness is another mechanical property toughness, which is a material's ability to resist breakage from forceful impact. The toughness of natural diamond has been measured as 7.5–10 MPa·m1/2.\"](_URL_0_) This means that you can 'cut' diamonds by fracturing them, instead of grinding and sawing through them. --- To answer your question, diamonds are embedded in different types of rock and soil. Diamond may be very hard, but the material surrounding it is not as hard. Diamonds are not found as large slabs, but as tiny stones."
] |
[
"I don't know about diamond knives, but I do know that both diamonds and lasers are used to shape and cut diamonds. BTW, you can use two rough diamonds to make a sharp diamond, it is much harder to do this, but it is possible. Also, other materials can break diamonds as well."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why did TV and computer screens used to flicker in videos, and now they don't?
|
[
"CRTs work by scanning a electron beam left to right 15 to 100 thousand times a second while scanning top to bottom at 50 to 120 (numbers are approximate) times per second. That fills the screen, but the beam only hits one spot at a time. The phosphors glow brightly at first but start to fade quickly. By the time a spot is scanned again its intensity had faded significantly. If the video camera and the monitor are running at the same frame rate, the result is pretty good, but if they are running at different rates you see flicker. LCDs can also have flicker, but not as bad as CRTs. Plasmas have very little flicker on camera. Source: am a broadcast TV engineer who has to deal with flicker."
] |
[
"An old CRT tv (the big ones with the tubes) only refreshed the screen 30 times a second. (Interlaced video so at 60 Hz every other line is drawn on each pass through). This is slow enough for a dog to notice. Also colour screens are use RGB colour. Humans have cones in our eyes for red, green and blue. Dogs have cones for blue and yellow. So the colour is completely wrong for the dogs. Plasma and LCD/LED TVs refresh differently. If you get a newer TV the refresh is fast enough and dogs are smart enough to figure out what is wrong with the colour on a TV so they can now watch TV. Cats have far fewer cones so they see colour more blotchy. They can see modern TVs probably as well as they can see things out a window. Cats probably just don't care."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
What, exactly, is poo made of?
|
[
"I'll tackle the Fiber question and I can punch it out with how tired I am. Basically we cannot digest fiber; so what happens is it is a long polysaccharides chain that scrapes the side of your intestines as it passes and this stimulates your bowels to release a mucus. This mucus helps lubricate the feces as well as keep it from drying out. The fiber also helps hold the feces in a solid chunk."
] |
[
"Someone told them what the answer is supposed to be."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
}
|
the current terrorist threat that is causing the US to shut down embassies in the Middle East
|
[
"A conversation was allegedly intercepted between two top level members of AQAP (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula) speaking in very general terms about a terrorist attack in the very near future. Given what happened at Bengazi last September, the Obama administation is using an abundance of caution because the last thing they need is more dead American ambassadors on their hands."
] |
[
"Syrians are rising up in protest and what looks like a growing rebellion against the countries dictator, although foreign media hasn't been allowed in so we can't be sure of what's going on. It appears things are getting worse as their is an increasingly violent crackdown. The Iran situation is more complicated with them working towards nuclear power but what the west believes is a cover for nuclear weapons. Their has been a number of sanctions enacted by the US and Europe against Iran and they have threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz, through where a large percent of the worlds oil passes. For obvious reasons this would be very bad for the entire world. Their has also been a string of killings of Iranian nuclear scientists by suspected Israeli or American agents but no one is sure. edit: the grammar is terrible but the explanation is right, sorry it was 6 AM and I hadn't slept."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
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Examples of tax deduction and exemption
|
[
"tax deduction is something you paid taxes on when you got it, but can remove it from your taxes at the end of the year. Most business expenses count, so if your office bought a table then you spent earned money (usually taxable) on that table, but since it was a business expense you can deduct the cost of that table from your taxes, so that earned money isn't taxed. Tax exemption is when you don't pay taxes on it in the first place. Not for profit charities, and churches are tax exempt, and none of their earnings get taxed in the first place. So a deduction is something that should get taxed but gets removed because of how it is used, and an exemption is not supposed to be taxed in the first place"
] |
[
"Very briefly it sums to about this Accounting - management of money and numbers / finance - analysis of market for investment"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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Why don't any larger animals have compound/multiple eyes like bugs do?
|
[
"Depth perception, visual acuity, and distance. Compound eyes don't fair very well on any of those factors, all of which are far more favorable than having a large cone of view, especially in light of possessing other senses (namely hearing and scent) and ocular muscles."
] |
[
"It's not entirely independent. Most of those organism with faces as you describe, have some kind of common ancestry. Things like eyes, ears, noses and mouths tend to be in close proximity to the brain (actually, I know of no exceptions)."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
}
|
Why is it that you cannot fix a flat tire if the hole is on the side?
|
[
"The tread surface of a tire is much more rigid because that's the part of the tire designed to make contact with the road. The sidewall is much more flexible because it is designed to adapt to changes in tire pressure without bursting. Sealing the tread is easy because the patch will remain relatively still, but a patch in the sidewall will be the weak point for a flexible and high-pressure surface."
] |
[
"I don't know why they're not all on the same side, but I do know that there's usually a little arrow on the gas guage pointing to the side of the car where the gas tank is."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
Why does pouring water on grease fire increase the amount of flames?
|
[
"Grease is an oil, it's a liquid at burning temperatures. Oil and water don't mix, so when you squirt water on grease you get balls of water in oil and vice versa. The balls of water in oil are a big problem. The oil is over 212˚F (100˚C) so the water boils into steam. The steam expands, spreading the oil into a big, thin sheet, before it pops. Now you have a big, thin sheet of burning oil and the pop sends it flying through the air. Super-bad."
] |
[
"Salt is (reletively) non-reactive and has a high melting point. By putting salt on a fire, you can keep the hot whatever from getting the oxygen necessary to burn. This smothers the fire. Added bonus is that cleanup is easy since salt dissolves in water."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
Why does electricity conduct better through different materials?
|
[
"In a metal the electrons 'float' in a sea around the nuclei, they are not bound to a specific atom. In wood each electron is mostly bound to a specific nuclei. The flow of electricity depends on how free the electrons are to move around."
] |
[
"No. One of the special features of conducting metals is that their outermost electrons are basically shared between all of the atoms. So they act as if they were free electrons bouncing around all over the place. When there is a current they bounce more in one direction than they do in the others, and so there is a net motion of charge (a current). One other thing to note. Just as free electrons can easily carry current, they also easily carry heat. So metals are good conductors of heat as well as electricity. That's why touching a hot stove is so painful - the heat flows really fast."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
Why is it advised to cut down on salt when one is bodybuilding?
|
[
"Someone can feel free to correct me, but I believe this is due to the osmosis of the water in our body. With too much salt, the water in your body will retain more making you look bloated. Potassium helps this, because then you will have more potassium for the sodium potassium pump. So the salt or sodium will be removed from the body"
] |
[
"It may be the result of some underlying medical problem like magnesium or potassium deficiency, but it might also be from something as simple as muscle inactivity. If I were you, I would just eat more fruits and vegetables and stretch every day. Are you an active person?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Health and Wellness:"
}
|
How are acids named? (Chemistry)
|
[
"It's a combination of systematic naming and what's always been done. If it's an organic acid, that is, it has a carboxylic acid group in it attached to some number of other carbon groups, it is named based on the IUPAC naming scheme, for which wikipedia is probably your best explanation. Examples of organic acids you might know are ethanoic acid aka acetic acid aka vinegar, or butanoic acid which is present and lends its distinctive smell to both vomit and parmesan cheese. As for mineral acids, they're generally called something which makes some sense based on what they're made of, but there isn't a general rule. HNO3 is Nitric Acid, and it's formed from a Nitrate group and a hydrogen, and HClO2 is chlorous acid as it's formed from a chlorate group. Then you go and get hydrochloric acid, HCl, with just breaks the pattern altogether."
] |
[
"Crash Course has a couple of episodes explaining DNA, replication and protein synthesis. DNA Structure and replication - _URL_1_ DNA translation and protein synthesis - _URL_0_"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
When upside down, how are you still able to swallow.
|
[
"Peristalsis. That is the name for the contraction of myscles that forces food along its path. It is what allows you to eat upside down and what allows astronauts to eat in 0 g. Incidently, not all animals have it. Birds dont, which is why they tip their head up when swallowimg and why we can't take birds into space."
] |
[
"It feels good because you're not fighting gravity. It easier to lay in a bed than stand, right? Same concept."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
How does "Whataboutism" differ from giving context to information?
|
[
"Whataboutism is distraction. When you give context, it means you discuss what, say, Kevin Spacey did in light of other, similar incidents. Whataboutism is when you just make the conversation completely about Woodey Alan. And it didn't suddenly pop up, it was made to describe Soviet propaganda techniques, it just got poular suddenly. Why that is, I'd assume it's because of its mention in [Last Week Tonight's recent spot about Trump.](_URL_0_) Edit: dulistraction - > distraction."
] |
[
"Nobody has responded to the question regarding 'what grounds are the conspiracies based on'. The answer is: general stupidity and lack of education."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
What determines if you are burning fat, muscles or calories?
|
[
"a calorie is a measure of energy. the food you eat provides a certain amount of energy, measured in calories. your body uses a certain amount of energy (calories) every day just to support regular functions. at the end of the day, any unused energy gets stored in your body as fat. when you work out, your body needs energy, so it starts to \"burn\" fat so it releases its energy. why arent fat people bursting with energy? well, fat doesnt do anything, muscles do. fat stored as fat is just dead weight and makes it that much harder for your muscles to do their job. you need to get active and have your body use that energy stored in the fat. the energy released from fat is measurable in calories, so thats why when you work out you can gauge how many calories you have burned. only in cases of extreme starvation will your body start to burn muscle, after it has gone through all of your fat"
] |
[
"Lets break this down a bit because the main problem is duplicate names Fats in foods are lipids, fats on you are adipose tissue. Everything you eat gets broken down into its basic blocks which get used for energy(calories). If you're consuming more calories than you burn then your body will pack some away in adipose tissue for the future. It doesn't matter if those calories come from lipids or carbs or sugars, your body packs them away the same What matters is calories in versus calories out"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
Why are you ordered to register as sex offender if you are peeing in public? There is no sexual matter involved in peeing.
|
[
"There is no sexual component in peeing, no. But there is a sexual component in purposely showing your genitals to other members of the public. The thing is, it can be very hard to gauge the motive someone had when they were peeing in public. Were they genuinely desperate and couldn't wait, or are they peeing there because they are pretty much getting off on having any sort of excuse for getting their dicks out in public? Some jurisdictions take a very cautious approach and make all people caught peeing in public register."
] |
[
"Sex offenders are considered to be significantly more dangerous than other offenders like thieves. It's done in the interest of public protection. For example, the government and society in general have a vested interest in keeping parents informed of where convicted pedophiles live. That being said, some of these \"minor\" sex offenders don't really deserve to be listed. I found out a few years ago I lived next door to a registered sex offender. When I looked him up, he was convicted of unlawful carnal knowledge of a minor over the age of 16, and he was convicted when he was 18 or 19 or something. Basically, he fucked his underage teenage girlfriend. Big deal. Another registered offender I knew personally was previously convicted of kidnapping and sexually assaulting his girlfriend. THAT guy deserved to be registered."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How did we develop all this advanced technology in less than 300 years when it took us hundreds of thousands just to learn how to farm?
|
[
"The major catalyst was the industrial revolution in the late 18th and early 19th century. Political stability and the ability to efficiently produce food were contributing causes to the industrial revolution happening."
] |
[
"It takes nine minutes for sunlight to reach the earth, and its traveling at the speed of light. There isn't any way to set up a warning system, and even if you could, it would buy you minutes. Modern Humans have been around for 200,000 years. We've relied on electricity for about 130. I think we'll be all right."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
Why do planes need to be pressurized?
|
[
"At high altitudes the atmospheric pressure is very low - there's less air than there is down at the surface. If the plane wasn't pressurized there wouldn't be enough air to breathe."
] |
[
"The higher the temperature, the less density the air has and the less lift the plane gets from it. In other words, the hotter it is, the longer the runway you will need. There are charts for every plane that says lot long the runway needs to be at different temperatures. The charts typically stop at around 120 degs F. If it gets hotter than then the plans are usually grounded until it cools off."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why Do Movies Shot 30 Years Ago Look “Old” When Played Now?
|
[
"Technology in camera equipment has come a long way. Lenses have gotten better. Lighting has gotten better. The art of film has been perfected over the years. But I think the main factor of this \"old\" look has to do with post production. Back in the 70s and 80s they didn't have the computer power to color correct films like they can today. Every frame of today's films are finely tuned to be color balanced. So in other words, back then, what you filmed was pretty close to what you wound up with. While today the difference between the raw footage and the final result is very different. All that post production processing makes a huge difference. (I work for a post production VFX house so I get to see this in action)"
] |
[
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Adapted For. Vitamin-D Deficiency Was Very Common In Black Children In The Northern US And Europe Before Modern Technology Made Nutrients More Easily Accessible. Being Black Or Brown Outside Of The Tropics Would Have Been Maladaptive For Most Of Human History Because There Would Not Have Been Enough Sunlight For Proper Nutrient Uptake. Capital Letters."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
If permanent colonies were built on the Moon, how would someone born there be effected on Earth due to the differences in gravity?
|
[
"The moon *does* have gravity. It's a lot lower than Earth's, but it's still there - a lot more than the microgravity experienced on the ISS. All we can really do is theorise, but the likelihood is that if someone grew up/lived a long time in lower gravity, coming down to Earth would be pretty traumatic. Your bones and muscles would absolutely not be used to this kind of strain. Everything would seem very, very heavy (including yourself). You'd likely have trouble walking under your own power, and if you fell down you'd be a lot more likely to break a bone. There are definitely *advantages* to growing up/living in lower gravity, but we're not really built to experience much higher gravity than what our body ends up accustomed to. It's basically the same as if us Earthlings go to a planet with 6 times the gravity. It'd be hellish."
] |
[
"Some plant cells are sensitive to gravity, and the plant uses this information to send the root down and the stalk up when the seed germinates. It would not work as well on the Moon or Mars, where there is less gravity, but some effect is still likely. Of course, both these places have a larger obstacle to plant life - no atmosphere."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
why does water taste so sweet after vomiting?
|
[
"I'd say there are a couple of reasons. Firstly, the water washes away the acid residue left over in your mouth by your stomach fluids, causing relief of the burning sensation and that might be perceived as sweet. Also your body is most likely craving water due to the sudden onset of dehydration that was probably caused by you expelling all that liquid, and we all know how sweet water can taste when you're dehydrated. As for sweating, i believe it's caused by the stress on your upper body's muscles due to heaving, when your body needs to get rid of something asap, most of the muscles on your chest and back are used to heave and push it out, that stress produces heat, and in order to cool down your body produces sweat."
] |
[
"I know what youre talking about, and its not an allergic reaction. Not sure why, but maybe your body thinks you ingested a poison and is trying to sweat it out? Source: my imagination"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Biology:"
}
|
What is the actual purpose of having a United States Space Force?
|
[
"I think the idea is to split the responsibility for space off of the Air Force, much like how NASA was split off for civilian aerospace work. The Air Force actually spends more on space operations than NASA (moreso if you include agencies like the NRO). Putting that as it's own organization would, in theory, let them focus on the core mission better. Not really sure I agree with it, since most of the best ideas come from the cross-pollination of different fields, and trying to silo space completely will, I think, be more harmful than helpful."
] |
[
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
Why baseball stadiums are different sizes
|
[
"Tradition. And more than any sport, baseball is a slave to tradition. When professional baseball was in its infancy, there were no dedicated stadiums. Teams would play wherever they could find the space, usually somewhere used primarily for something else. The Yankees, for example, used to play on polo grounds. This lead to every park being a little different, depending on space. When teams started building dedicated stadiums, there were no standards, and every facility was build how each team wanted. By the time the league was organized enough for standards, there were a bunch of parks with a bunch of different sizes, and no one wanted rebuild theirs."
] |
[
"Because they're not allowed to use chewing tobacco in the dugouts anymore"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
Why does your skin heal faster at night than during the day? May it be for cuts, wounds, spots, acne etc...
|
[
"Because your body's resources aren't dedicated to moving you around, talking, seeing, etc. Also because you're not moving around, touching your injuries and generally making things worse."
] |
[
"There are number of reasons cigarettes make people look older but a major reason is that smoking causes your blood vessels to constrict. That decreases the blood supply (and the nutrients the blood carries) to all of your organs, including the largest one: your skin. The proteins like collagen and elastin that regular give your skin and soft tissues structure are weakened or not synthesized in as high a number as a result. People develop crow's feet and wrinkles at an earlier age. Diminished blood supply also means that when these people are injured, their wounds are going to heal much more slowly. This is why a lot of surgeons won't operate on people that smoke unless they have quit for at least a week or two -- because the wound they leave will heal so poorly. Smokers also have a higher risk of a number of diseases affecting appearance, including skin cancer, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and thromboangiitis obliterans."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
What causes blood to seep out of cuts and scrapes?
|
[
"For blood to come out of a wound, some kind of blood vessel must be damaged. If the cut or scrape is very small, then these blood vessels were likely capillaries."
] |
[
"A lot of infections cause bleeding. Think of like a rash on your skin. But on the lining of your organs."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
- What are undersea cables, and how do they work?
|
[
"Undersea cables (aka submarine cables) are made up of bundles of fiber optic cables running along the ocean floor that connect different parts of the world (e.g. North America and Europe) to exchange data/internet communications and telephone conversations. The first submarine cable was laid all the way back in the 1850s and was used for sending telegrams. Obviously, the cable was not made out of Fiber Optics then, but we use optics now because it allows us to carry massive amounts of information on a single strand of glass (or plastic) fiber over long distances using laser light. These cables exist pretty much everywhere. Here are a couple of maps showing where some of the cables are located: [ONE](_URL_1_) [TWO](_URL_0_)"
] |
[
"Imagine you have a computer on your house. Now you want to connect that computer to your friend 100 miles away. How do you do it? You could lay a 100 mile cable, but do you have the permissions to dig up roads and pathways? You would use a company whose cables were already there, and just use that network of cables to access you friends computer. This is exactly what these power stations do - along with a large amount of other businesses. However there are ways to keep the data being transferred secure; like VPN and encryption etc but that's a little more than ELI5."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
I was always told not to put a fridge or AC on an extension cord. Why?
|
[
"Refrigerators and AC units have a much higher peak power draw than most household appliances. An extension cord that isn't rated to handle that kind of draw could overheat and short, or cause a fire."
] |
[
"It has to do with the amount of amperage you are drawing out of one circuit. In my opinion its not safe to use cheap surge protectors at all, due to their low amperage range. Then plugging 6 poor surge protectors into the first poor surge protectors is just asking for electrical problems. At least, blowing a breaker. Hopefully not burning your house down. Do not do this for christmas lights..."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Electrical plugs and their design:"
}
|
in the USA, when does a dad (or mum) in full time employment see their children?
|
[
"You work 9-5 in a lot of jobs, meaning that you see your kids in the morning and evening."
] |
[
"But how would you \"encourage\" that? And who will take a care of a kid, even a smart one, whose parents only did it out of obligation?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why does it hurt significantly more standing on a 10 min bus ride, over walking for 20 minutes when commuting?
|
[
"Standing tends to strain the same muscles over a long period of time. Walking spreads the load over several sets of muscles, so that while you're technically expending more energy no one set of muscles have to bear the load for the entire period."
] |
[
"Imagine running to the store a mile away vs walking. One burns way more energy than the other"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How do TOR/.onion sites make you completely anonymous, even to the government/FBI?
|
[
"Normally, you're traced by just reading access logs to determine what you downloaded. But with TOR, your Internet traffic is routed through a bunch of other computers known as *proxies*. To trace you in that way, someone would have to go to every proxy and ask them when you were online and what information you got. This is problematic, because many of them will not want to cooperate, and TOR is designed so that having only pieces of the information doesn't reveal anything. Now, I'm sure the US government could still trace you if they really wanted to. But they probably couldn't do so with methods that would hold up in a criminal court, so that makes it pretty useless for things like prosecuting individuals."
] |
[
"Technically speaking - the \"Deep Web\" is just the part of the internet that is not indexed. Most people actually mean \"Dark Web\" which is the web that can only be accessed using special tools to make you anonymous. Websites on this \"Dark Web\" check and block anyone who is non-anonymous from visiting the sites, forcing everyone to be anonymous to use it. I've never been on myself, but I'd advise you not to visit it unless you're a journalist or living under the control of an oppressive government with heavy internet surveillance. There's really not much use for it in a free society beyond doing illegal activities. You may find the following links helpful: _URL_0_ _URL_2_ _URL_1_"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
- Can things like light waves or radio waves become radioactive?
|
[
"Light and radio waves are both kinds of radiation. Specifically, they are both non-ionizing EM radiation. What \"non-ionizing\" means is basically that they won't come barging in and jack up your DNA. X-rays and gamma rays on the other hand are ionizing EM radiation, and definitely will smack your DNA upside its head. So no, sending a radio signal from an irradiated area won't change it into dangerous ionizing radiation, because that's just not how the EM spectrum works. Sending radio waves from a spaceship travelling very, *very* fast could make your radio a weapon, but at that point your ship is already a doomsday device so it isn't a big deal."
] |
[
"If you mean from e.g. a probe flying through space, they send radio, which doesn't require a medium to travel."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
What changed that allowed SpaceX to go from crashing rockets on barges to a 3 for 3 success rate?
|
[
"Every crash is a learning opportunity. They weren't crashing because they didn't know WTF. There's a ton of very complicated stuff to work out to land a rocket, and getting it even a tiny bit wrong usually results in an explosion. Rockets don't really do rough landings. It's either perfect, or kaboom. So every time they crashed one, they tweaked the next one a little, until eventually they found the winning setup."
] |
[
"The Space Shuttle required extensive examination and repair of the heat shield tiles after every launch. The Shuttle also consisted of 3 extremely large and complex liquid fuel rocket motors, while a Falcon 9 consists of 9 smaller and less complex Merlin engines; most of the time, not all of the engines are required to acheive the mission objective (launch a payload to orbit), although it may affect the ability to recover the booster. (Although, as we saw last night with the launch of Hispasat, it was too rough in the Atlantic to send out the drone ship, so while the landing procedure was performed, the booster went into the ocean). Were the Shuttle to lose one of its three engines, it would not attain orbit."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why is there ice in the mens urinals
|
[
"Ice cools the urine which reduces odor. Ice also melts, which produces water and flushed the urinal. Much more popular back in the days before auto-flush systems."
] |
[
"If sideways water pressure was a thing, you would be in trouble if you took a swim in the ocean."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
How do other animals cut their nails in nature? Do they even have to? Also, how did humans cut their nails in the past?
|
[
"Usually just using them makes them eroded and they are as long as you need them. In nature, animals and humans use their nails for lots of things, and there is where they are \"cut\": every time they are used, they are a little bit shorter, making up for their growth. If they grow too much, they can be scratched against something to make them shorter, that's all it needs."
] |
[
"Primates do not have claws because we lived in trees. Fingers are very good for grasping and holding on to branches. Claws would have gotten in the way of that. Primates are too large to use claws as climbing tools. Our diet (mostly fruit and dead animals) did not require us to have the large, powerful claws that some large animals can use to climb (bears). And, no, this has absolutely nothing to do with using tools. We stopped having claws millions of years before we started using tools."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
EL5 Why we have a two party system.
|
[
"I have a beautiful youtube video just for you! _URL_0_"
] |
[
"Only if the federal government let it. See: American Civil War"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
why do people with accents lose their accents when singing?
|
[
"Because when they sing, they are consciously controlling their voice and producing a particular phonetic effect. Like you would if you're imitating birdsong. They are in very good control of their voice, and can produce specific desired sounds rather than speaking/singing in their natural accent."
] |
[
"I think accents depend a lot on age when moving to a new country. Most of my relatives came to America in their 20's. They all have accents. My cousins that came in their teens have a slight accent. My cousins that came in their first 10 years of life have an American accent. I was born here. I moved around a lot in America during my first 10 years so I have a generic accent like tv people. My younger sisters spent the first 10 years of their lives mostly in and around Baltimore. They have a Baltimore accent. I do not. to;dr where you live before age 10 determines your accent. By the way, I met this guy in Israel that grew up on a kibbutz with people mostly from Australia. When he spoke in Hebrew, he had an Israeli accent. When he spoke in English, he had an Australian accent."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
In movies that take place during 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries in America, characters are often depicted as speaking with an English accent. When did American born citizens actually shed the English accent and adopt geographically identifying accents like in the north east and south?
|
[
"Each area of america was settled by different ethnic groups. These ethnic groups shaped the way English sounded in a given region. The southern accent is actually closest to what the old English settlers would have spoken."
] |
[
"America is a melting pot. It is not merely a collection of English settlers. Many of the more unique features of American English can be traced back to pronunciations made by people who did not have English as a first language. Most famous is probably the influence of Yiddish on the New York City accent, but across the US the non-English speakers impacted the way English was spoken. In addition, there was already at that time significant variations in English pronunciation on the British Isles. West End Londoners (often the pronunciation we most readily associate with British English) were not a grouping that was greatly represented among immigrants. Most immigrants came from poorer areas, such as Ireland and Scotland. This has also left a mark on the pronunciation of American English."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why we still label circuits based upon "conventional" current when we know that current actually flows in the opposite direction?
|
[
"Pretty much, everything was defined before the discovery of, say the electron. Scientists, being positively minded and optimistic, decided it would probably be the positive charge moving around. Note also how stuff like Capacitance is measured in Farads, which is a huge unit and you usually use micro or nano farads because the SI standards are way off. Same with Coulombs. It was defined before that notion of electron charge. So, like Farads, it is also really small. (x10^-16) So yeah, it was just guess work that got well known to the point where it can't be changed, so everybody gets to deal with it."
] |
[
"We just call them positive and negative, but we could also say the electron has positive charge or it has Charge A vs Charge B. The only reason we say positive and negative is because it fits well in our mathematical models of potential energies and force."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
How can I simply explain to my friend that two outcomes doesn't mean a 50% chance of one happening?
|
[
"I would simply say that your odds of winning the lottery are not 50/50, even though there are 2 outcomes: you either win, or you lose."
] |
[
"Why would the probability change as you flip the coin? The coin doesn't care about the past. There is a 50/50 chance on every flip."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why are there different sized stars? Once enough mass is gathered to commence fusion shouldn't additional gasses be blown away from the star?
|
[
"The gas clouds that stars form from collapse into a disc shape pretty early on in the formation process. The big-ish protostars blast most of their early heat of formation out in polar jets that never cross that disc, so the incoming matter doesn't meet the outflowing energy until the star is well formed. It takes some time for heat from fusion in the core to make it to the surface so there's an additional brief lag period between when the star \"ignites\" and when the stellar wind finally stops the star from gathering any more gas. Supermassive stars are rare and their formation is not well understood. We're not sure if the real monsters formed through accretion like the others, are products of multi-star collisions, or some other exotic process."
] |
[
"Gravity. Hydrogen is matter, and it has gravity. You do need some sort of disturbance to get stuff to start clumping, but once it does, each clump will keep on attracting more hydrogen until either there is no more in the area, or it ignites, creating a solar wind that pushes the hydrogen away. If hydrogen has mass and is pulled together using gravity, why does it rize? Simply because it has less mass than air, and floats, just like anything lighter than water floats."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
Why do online job application systems force me to attach my resume and then also fill out their own resume system?
|
[
"The parts you have to fill in will be run through their HR system, which can make a preselection. With how many people apply to some jobs, there simply is no time for them to check out all resumes, so they have to select them some way. Once you are through the preselection, your actual resume makes it onto the desk of whoever is tasked to further select which candidates to call / invite for an interview. The reason why they make you attach the resume already is because that works the most efficient for them. They immediately have the resumes of the people who are interesting enough rather than having to chase them down for one. Remember, unless you have really specific in demand skills, you are simply not worth enough to the company that they want to go through the circus of emailing you, requesting your resume etc etc."
] |
[
"Any such question should NOT be on the base application. It should be on a separate paper (or web page) that can be separated from the application. Because of discrimination laws - and lawsuits - employers want demographic data on who applies and who is selected for employment."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
If cold humid air is more cold than dry air, but hot humid air is hotter than a dry heat, what is the tipping point?
|
[
"H2O is a better heat conductor than air. That increases the heat exchange rate between a person and the environment(both positive and negative). At a low temperature heat from the body is lost more quickly in a humid environment, vice versa in a warm one. The tipping point happens around 98 degrees F, where thermodynamic equilibrium will happen regardless of humidity. Imagine swimming in 0C water vs 0C air, 100C water vs 100C air. Its easy to see that in both cases, heat transfer happens quicker in water."
] |
[
"This is most likely to do with humidity. Warmer temperatures can hold more moisture than colder temperatures. The air is also very stagnant and most of the coolness and comfort you feel just before entering that car is from cooler air that is actively moving around you. The air in the car cannot leave and is thus circulated within the car as it picks up the moisture that is lingering in the car from the last time you were in it while adding moisture (breathing, sweating, your eyes, etc) It's also well known that higher temperatures also allow you to feel differences in humidity much more easily than cold temperatures. Warmer air at a certain absolute humidity will feel worse than colder air at the same absolute humidity level, despite the colder air having a higher relative humidity."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
}
|
Why do so many people hate Piers Morgan?
|
[
"I don't watch his show, so I don't have any strong feelings about him. From what I have heard from other people, there are two major complaints: 1) Back when he was in the UK, he had a reputation for publishing inaccurate, sensationalist content as news. 2) On his show in the US, he is viewed as arrogant and condescending to guests."
] |
[
"What's a Tory, and why do so many people seem to hate them?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
Since there is no "air" in space, what do spacecraft thrusters push against?
|
[
"Thrusters, rockets, engines, etc push against the spacecraft, not the air. The force of the material being expelled creates an equal and opposite reaction on the spacecraft."
] |
[
"Yes their propulsion system is self contained and doesn't need oxygen in the air to function. This is a lot like how space crafts bring their own oxidizer along with the fuel."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
How does Apple own the Beatles?
|
[
"[The Beatles sold the rights to their catalog of music back in the 1960s.](_URL_1_) It's been owned by many people, most famously by Michael Jackson, who made almost as much money on Beatles royalties as on his own music. I don't know if Apple Computer has any ownership in Beatles music, but you might be confused by [Apple Records](_URL_2_). Long before Steve Jobs was in business, The Beatles named their record company Apple. There was actually [a lawsuit between the computer company and the record label, because of conflicting trademarks.](_URL_0_)"
] |
[
"Are all of your electronic made by Apple?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
How does the software "Tor" work?
|
[
"Here is a little diagram to start off with: _URL_0_ The (very!) basic gist of it: You connect to the network which proceeds your request along a randomized route through network-relays using data encryption, before it transmits your request to the final destination. Backtracking is extremely hard, since the randomizing algorithms obscure the path taken and all data in the network is only proceeded encrypted."
] |
[
"Are you asking about \"Tor like\" services, or specifically Tor? This could be very different answers."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why is it often recommended to fully charge electronics before using them for the first time?
|
[
"Imagine that your battery is an opaque water bottle. When you first get it, it has some amount of water in it. You have no idea how much water is actually in it because you can't see the water. It has a weight to it but that doesn't tell you anything because you have no reference. For all you know, it could be empty or it could be full. The person who sold you the water bottle tells you to fill it up until you can't fill it up anymore. You do so. You know now it is completely full of water. You can now weigh it and get a reference point. When the water bottle weighs this much, it is full. When the water battle weighs half as much, it is half-full. Basically, without that initial reference charge your battery could report 100% charge when it is actually only 25% full."
] |
[
"There aren't really any 'proper ways' to care for a laptop battery other than not continuously charging it for days, which will reduce how long it can hold a charge."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why are symptoms more potent in the morning and evening when you are sick?
|
[
"In the morning it's usually because you've been dehydrated due to sleep or if symptoms just arose, you aren't used to it. In the evening, because of being tired and talking all day, you get worn out. Just think of going to a sporting event all night yelling then getting home and having a sore throat. Wear and tear of everyday things just exaggerates your ailment."
] |
[
"Extreme weather is an example of stress on your body, which likely results in a sour temperament. This is similar to why you feel cranky when you are in pain."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
How to people find amber with preserved life inside?
|
[
"It’s just random. They mine the amber and then upon examining it and cutting it up to sell, find what’s inside"
] |
[
"Because its rare, hard to get, and illegal."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why does 80 degree water feel so much colder than 80 degree air?
|
[
"Water absorbs much more heat per volume. So water touching your skin aborbs more of your body's heat compared to air of the same temperature."
] |
[
"I don't think they are colder than the room, it just feels that way. Unless you keep the room at 96.5degrees F, most room temperatures are much colder than normal body temps"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Ugly power lines, poles, transformer cylinders and other mess of stuff cloud my neighborhood. But my well-off parents' neighborhood has not a single wire in site. How?
|
[
"All those things can be run underground, but it can cost up to 10 times more than overhead systems. This cost means that they tend to only be put underground in regions where people are willing to pay that price, ie wealthy neighborhoods."
] |
[
"Birds are not real. They're government surveillance drones. Kidding aside, birds perch everywhere. My front yard bush hides 50 birds at once. Since birds can't perch in middle of air where there isn't a power line, power line it is. Or on the ground.or on a tree branch, or on a building ledge or wherever there's a solid surface to stand."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
Congratulations ELI5 on 300,000 subscribers! And thank you!
|
[
"I enjoy seeing the questions people post. Sometimes, i feel like just replying \"google it,\" but then i realize that a lot of times, even if you do google it, the answers you find require you to either know a lot about the topic to begin with, or are so buried that you may never find the answer you are looking for, so it helps to have someone just break it down simply."
] |
[
"A million subscribers isn't cool You know what's cool? A billion subscribers"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why is it so hard to spot this "Planet Nine" when we can easily observe and photograph light years far off celestial bodies?
|
[
"Well first of all, we can't easily observe and photograph most celestial bodies that are lightyears away. The ones we can photograph tend to be either giant flaming balls of light, clouds full of giant flaming balls of light, or a collections of billions of giant flaming balls of light. You might notice the recurring theme here: Light. You don't get much of that on the edge of the solar system."
] |
[
"There is speculated to be thousands of planets similar to Pluto (which is Planet X) around Pluto. Anything bigger would be easily noticeable but because Pluto and it’s counterparts are so small and so distance. At least as common knowledge, aren’t necessarily worried about."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
What exactly happens if Russia is proven to have tampered with the voting process (ex: Brexit, US elections)?
|
[
"The UK has mechanisms to force a new vote. So they could \"revert\" things fairly easily if the public decides to do that. The US does not have such a mechanism. They could impeach Trump for it which would leave Pense being President. They could also theoretically impeach Pense as well since he was on the same ticket and if they choose to do that the Presidency would go to the Speaker of the House. That could also be considered an act of war and either nation, and by extension NATO could go to war over it. But it would most likely be lots of political \"yelling\" and then some sanctions that do basically nothing."
] |
[
"Vladimir Putin and his minions. Talking to the Russians is not a bad thing. Making foreign policy deals with them **while Obama was still President** is a problem. Coordinating with them to commit crimes, like stealing DNC email and giving it to wikileaks, is a crime called conspiracy."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
What is it that specifically makes the new car smell and why is it the same in every car?
|
[
"Offgassing plastics. There is some concern that plasticizers and solvents released from many industrial products, especially plastics, may be harmful to human health. All the car companies use the same types of plastics so thats why the smell is the same."
] |
[
"It's about novelty. When it's new, we cherish it and want to take care of it. Novelty eventually becomes familiarity. We see this a lot with cars. That new car, the owner is so careful. At some point, however, it becomes OK to toss that empty Big Mac box in the back seat."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why did Chairman Mao kill so many people including teachers? What could he have been trying to accomplish?
|
[
"He was trying to purge China of The Four Olds as these were seen to only further the exploitation of the classes. The Four Olds are old customs, old habits, old culture, and old ideas. A lot of teachers were executed publicly, monks were humiliated in the streets, a great number of Kung Fu masters took to the hills or left China altogether. These were all seen as part of the Old China that the Cultural Revolution was meant to be burning off."
] |
[
"The Chinese government did encourage rapid population growth because they thought it would be beneficial for their economy and army. After the Century of Humiliation the new communist government wanted to rapidly become powerful and more people meant a greater labor force. It seems like this claim is inspired by some speeches Mao gave in which he said that he \"wasn't scared\" of a nuclear attack because China had such a huge population they could withstand it. This doesn't necessarily mean that the reason population growth was encouraged was to survive nuclear war. It makes more sense that it was for more particle reasons."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
how can PPI (pixels per inch) be different across certain devices? Aren't inches and pixels a set size?
|
[
"an Inch is a measuring unit. a Pixel is an object. It can be any size. A display's resolution describes how many pixels it has. 1080p means it has 1080 pixels on the short side. So, obviously, to fill a 42\" 1080p TV and a 5\" 1080p phone with the same number of pixels is going to require differently sized pixels."
] |
[
"I think automod pulled my previous post for being too short, so lemme words more: the size of the pixels themselves change. Both monitors are 1,920 dots across by 1,080 dots tall, but monitor 1 has smaller dots than monitor 2. The attached computer doesn't know or care. Think of it [kinda like these different size legos](_URL_0_). All of these are \"a two-block tall tower\" but they're still different sizes, same as your monitors are 1920 x 1080 but different sizes. Your computer is still building the same picture block by block, but the block sizes are a little bigger/smaller to hit the measurement."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
What is 'Trickle Down Economics' and why or why not is it bullshit?
|
[
"Trickel-Down economics is the idea cutting taxes on the wealthy will lead to higher overall economic growth---more than enough not only to help the economy, but also to make up for any lost revenue to the government for the tax cut. When the idea originally came to prominence, top tax rates where extremely high, and the idea that reductions might be especially beneficial for the economy was highly plausible. Most economists today, however, believe that even if there was a slight boost from these sorts of tax cuts when they were dropping tax rates from 80% to 30%, there is no special boost anymore. This doesn't mean that there can't be any positive effects, just that it's no more (and maybe it's less) effective than cutting taxes elsewhere, or even raising taxes and spending the money you raise differently. Of course, it's not a fully settled issue, and your mileage may vary, as demonstrated by [this scandal](_URL_0_)."
] |
[
"Extreme incompetence or criminal negligence. Take your pick!"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
why they call dark matter "matter"
|
[
"Because as far as we can tell it is matter. It's just a special type of matter which doesn't interact at all with the electromagnetic force, so we can't directly see it. **Edit:** Something I want to add, matter that doesn't interact much with EM isn't actually all the strange. For example, neutrinos interact very weakly with EM yet they have mass(There are billions of neutrinos from the Sun passing through your thumb every second). What's strange about dark matter is that cosmologists have been systematically going through all the possible candidates(like neutrinos) that we know of and showing that they can't explain the dark matter effects we see."
] |
[
"dark matter exists wherever matter exists. galaxies form inside pockets of dark matter. in fact, galaxies are not dense enough to be kept together under just the gravity of matter, so they would fly apart without it. dark matter is coursing through your body constantly. trillions of particles per second, probably. EDIT: [source](_URL_1_) EDIT 2: [more source](_URL_0_)"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Physics:"
}
|
With the attacks going on right now, why has France been the target for so many terrorist attacks?
|
[
"They, like all the old European powers, had colonies in the lands that are now terrorism hot spots. They treated millions of people very badly."
] |
[
"They do happen, they just don't get reported on. China is targeted every few years. China was attacked 4 times in 2014. Since the '70s both the US and China have been attacked 11 times by Islamic Terrorists, so it isn't a case of them not getting attacked, it is more of a case of the attacks going unnoticed in the west. Japan is likely not targeted because they don't get involved in Middle Eastern affairs, which tends to bring on the ire of these terrorists."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
Does my way of doing this math problem make any sense?
|
[
"All you did is multiply both sides by the denominator in the x fraction, and then rearrange terms a bit. a/b = x/c c * a/b = x c * a * 1/b = x c/b * a = x"
] |
[
"Its a principle that basically says if two solutions are otherwise the same, the one that is simpler is the best choice. Its a fancy way of saying don't make things harder than you need to."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why is destructive interference unnoticeable, say if you have two sources of light and you move them around?
|
[
"The wavelength of light is smaller than the smallest thing a human eye can see, by far. So these effects are too fine in scale for us to see."
] |
[
"The video is correct. Its using electrons to illustrate a simple point because electrons are an easily accessible wave particle. The same thing happens with light. It creates interference patterns with itself, even at low light thresholds that have only 1 photon in the air at a time. The electrons intersect the two slits together. Each is a wave-cle. Each goes through both slits because it only exists as a distributed wave. It interferes with itself because only those electrons that went through both slits are not absorbed. The others were absorbed by the barrier. Its a bit weird that the double slit doesn't allow the electrons that would have gone through the single slit to get through.. but its just the way it is."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
why carbon monoxide is so poisonous to breathe when carbon dioxide is not.
|
[
"Carbon monoxide binds very strongly to hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in your blood. When it does so, it stops hemoglobin from binding to oxygen, and limits your body's capacity to get oxygen in the process. Carbon dioxide, which is almost completely non-reactive, doesn't do that."
] |
[
"The equation of life is: sugar + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + energy So most of this weight is lost as exhaled carbon dioxide and water."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How do they turn old black and white photos into color photos?
|
[
"Unless the negative is preserved, they literally just color it. Think of it as a coloring book. I've tried photo colorization, and while choosing correct colors isn't that hard, getting the blending to work out realistically is much harder. For video, when it's a single shot, you can use tracking software so you don't need to fully color every frame."
] |
[
"Because it has a very particular style. It's like why do people still paint with paint and brushes when they could do it on a computer, or why do people buy records when they can just get an mp4. New and efficient doesn't mean better in every way."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
How do gemologists tell lab-grown gems from natural gems when the crystal structure is the same?
|
[
"Naturally formed gems are not perfect. They have atoms of other elements dispersed within their crystal structure. When a gem is grown in the lab, it is usually 100% pure. There are no imperfections, (or nearly none). So when a gemologist observes the crystal structure, and they see no impurities, it is almost certainly lab grown."
] |
[
"You know that a cubic zirconia is not an artificial diamond, right? It's just that in jewelry it can be cut to resemble a diamond, even though it doesn't have the exact same properties (eg. lower refractive index)."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
Fire... does it push things or exert force?
|
[
"Fire itself does not, no. However, fire heats up the air (and other fluids) around it which can increase the pressure that they exert. For example, have you ever seen ash from a newspaper (or something similar) floating out of a fire up into the air? It's not doing that because the fire is pushing it, but the air beneath it is heating up and starting to rise which pushes it up. Similar idea to when an aerosol can gets thrown in a fire: the fire heats up the air inside, which puts more force on the inside of the can until the can bursts."
] |
[
"Nothing, because you are already holding the burger. Eating doesn't make weight go away or change or anything."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
Why are religious texts open to interpretation if they are the word of god?
|
[
"because they're arguably the word of an infallible being, but they've been written down by a man. I think the bible even recognizes this fact at one point, or it was just my religious education teacher that pointed it out."
] |
[
"Hindus realise that their source isn't perfect and there's always room for improvement. Muslims consider the Quran to be the perfect set of teachings from the perfect creator. Absolutely no room for improvement."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
How did we discover Pluto? It's so little and our solar system is so huge.
|
[
"It was by mistake, mostly. In 1906, Percival Lowell made come mistaken calculations that there was a 9th planet beyond the orbit of Neptune. The calculations turned out to be wrong, but he spent decades searching for it, and never did found it. In 1929, Clyde Tombaugh was charged with resuming the search for the 9th planet, using pictures that were taken by Lowell. He would take two pictures of the same place, put them side by side, and look for differences. After what I imagine was the most boring and tedious year of his life, he found [this pair](_URL_1_). That little speck that moves, is a planet. The planet was named Pluto. It was originally expected to be very large, a gas giant like Uranus and Neptune, but every decade since 1931, the calculations of the planet's mass were redone and it's mass revised to a lower number, until the tiny little rock we know it as today."
] |
[
"The moon can block out the sun because it's massively closer than any planets. Sometimes that one really bright star you might see in the night sky is actually Venus. It's just a tiny point of light and it's the closest planet to the earth. Other planets in our own solar system will be even less visible than that. Planets outside of our own solar system are entirely invisible to the naked eye."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Is it actually possible for Korea to 'reunite'?
|
[
"Yes, it is possible. Just as it was possible for East and West Germany to go back to being Germany. That doesn't mean it would be easy, however. There are a lot of practical problems with merging the two states. Even if you assume that the North collapses and the South just takes control (rather than trying to create a new government from scratch) what happens to, say the political prisoners in the north? the regular prisoners? people who get money from the NK government to live on? Do the poorer people in the North automatically qualify for assistance programs from the south? can they join the military? and so on, and so on."
] |
[
"North Korea is on a whole 'nother level compared to Saudi Arabia and Qatar."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
Why does hearing a song lots make us dislike it?
|
[
"I think you can relate this in a similar way to drugs. When you take a dose of drugs or listen to pleasant music, your brain is simulated and releases signals that it is happy with whatever you consumed. However, over time the same stimulus will result in lower and lower stimulation in the brain, as it becomes used to that stimulus. This is why many drug users have to take increasingly high amounts of drugs to attain the same high. The more you listen to the same song, the less pleasure you will get from it. But unlike drugs, you can’t increase your “dosage” of music. You can’t listen to a song twice at the same time. So, over many listens, you eventually lose all pleasure you gain from listening to that song, and it becomes boring."
] |
[
"You see or heard something that reminded you of the song. However, your brain is not satisfied just remembering the song. Your brain can't find closure and throws it on a loop. That's why listening to it usually helps; the brain has heard it all again and can end the song in a natural manner. Think about it, you never have an entire song from start to finish stuck in your head. So if you want to get rid of a song in your head, play the damn thing start to finish and you should be fine."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
if someone comes on your property without your permission and they slip or get attacked by a dog, can you be held liable if they sue?
|
[
"That fully depends on the country/state that you live in. In some places you can be held accountable for any injury, in some you can be held accountable if there was injury due to your negligence (lack of maintenance, lack of warning sign, etc), and in some their trespassing negates all rights to sue you for any injury they get."
] |
[
"It depends on the state. In any case, this person must pose a reasonable threat to you. Some states have \"stand your ground\" laws, which basically mean you can shoot him if he threatens you, other states have \"duty to retreat\" laws, which means he has to chase you into a corner before you're allowed to shoot him. This is just about criminal legality, though. Even if you shoot someone in legitimate self defense, you can still be sued for their injuries/death, and they will probably win."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
Why is the US West Coast a desert
|
[
"The west coast is nice and green, but then there are several mountain ranges. Air that is pushed over the mountains is cooled and forced to drop most of its water vapor, so it is much less moist. This means less rainfall beyond the mountains and more desert conditions."
] |
[
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
What happens to the body when you donate one of your kidneys? Does it become less able to filter stuff out of your body?
|
[
"When you donate one kidney, or one kidney fails, the other will pick up the slack. When functional, both kidneys are not operating at the fullest capacity."
] |
[
"Moisture is absorbed into the bloodstream throughout your digestive system. As it travels through your blood, it transports waste products to your kidneys which uses the water to help flush these waste products out. It's more complex than that, of course, but that's the general process."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why do Dutch people eat spaghetti with knife and fork, instead of spoon and fork?
|
[
"American of partial Italian ancestry here, what would you even use the spoon for? why not just a fork?"
] |
[
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
why does cleaning your ears cause gag reflex?
|
[
"It does? If it actually does, I would say it’s because the ear, nose and throat are all connected."
] |
[
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and Wellness:"
}
|
Why do browsers replace spaces in the URL with %20?
|
[
"Some operating systems and software treat a space (white space) differently. It is called URL encoding and the %20 represents a space in the URL (web page name) so the entire URL is resolved correctly."
] |
[
"In Windows, backslashes are used to separate directories in file paths. On the internet, we use forward slashes in our urls. When there needs to be a difference, I don't know but there is one."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
Why do humans/mammals bleed from the mouth after head/chest trauma? Why is this always the imminent death factor in movies?
|
[
"Think of what the mouth connects to - your lungs, stomach, and the passageways to your nose and ears. Head/chest trauma can lead to bleeding into one of those areas, which is usually a sign things are going pretty wrong."
] |
[
"As long as the bullet misses the Medulla Oblongata, a small section of your brain responsible for basic life support, you could in theory survive the gunshot if you were treated for the complications afterwards, such as internal bleeding. Obviously you'll suffer massive brain damage as the bullet rips through your skull, so it's impossible to be completely unscathed. The Medulla Oblongata sits right around the nape of your neck, which explains the common execution pose of kneeling face down. Edit: I've been getting a lot of comments about alligators and the movie Water Boy. It's a hilarious scene alright, but the medulla oblongata does NOT affect aggresssion. The amgydala has more of an affect on that. Hollywood just likes using Medulla Oblongata cause it's a sciency word."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why does it take so long for a country to develop nuclear warheads/ weapons? E.g. Iran and N. Korea.
|
[
"It depends on how many resources they want to put into it. North Korea is a very poor country so they can't spare the same amount of resources that the US put into the manhattan project. Additionally usually people who are developing nuclear weapons programs are doing it against the will of the wider international community so they are blocked from importing many materials that might speed up the process. For instance highly efficent centrafuges require something called maraging steel. However because of this it'd be almost impossible for someone like NK to import maraging steel from any other country. So they have to re-invent the wheel and do it all with local assets. Just an aside but there's little evidence Iran is actually making nuclear weapons."
] |
[
"I'm not sure why you think Iran is far more prosperous than India. The Gross Domestic Product of India dwarfs that of Iran several times over. India has the third largest GDP in terms of purchasing power parity in the world. So India has nuclear weapons because they are simply powerful enough. Pakistan is believed to have nuclear weapons because they were given help by the ~~Russians~~ Chinese* to keep India's power in check. In the early days of nuclear weapons development, Iran was not very prosperous at all. While it is prosperous enough now to potentially have a nuclear weapons program today, the West (mostly lead by Israel) has gone to great lengths to prevent Iranian nuclear weapon development. *edit: Thank you no_lungs for the correction."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
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