query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How do nurses, drug users, etc inject a drug directly into a vein? How do they know the needle tip hasn't gone through the vein or even missed it completely? | [
"The \"flash\". Before pushing in, you draw back on the plunger. If the needle or catheter is in a vein, blood will easily be drawn back into the tubing or syringe and then you can push the medication or fluid in once you see that. If you're not in a vein, you won't easily pull blood out when drawing back."
] | [
"Your blood contains a clotting factor that causes the blood to clot and close the hole. The hole is really very very small os this can be done quickly and easily. Plus after the hole is made, the phlebotomist typically tells you to apply pressure, which closes the hole and speeds clotting. In contrast, occasionall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do networked devices allow themselves to be discovered using a named URL on home networks? | [
"When you type in a URL your computer sends a request to a DNS server, something like \"Hey DNS server! What IP is _URL_0_\". The DNS server then replies something like \"It's 123.12.3.4\" And your computer uses that IP address to actually connect to the site. However when you type \".local\" at the end, it tells... | [
"it means you are able to connect to a router/gateway and get an ip address. but your router/gateway cannot connect to the rest of the internet, so you are limited to only the local network."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If the densest element a star can form is iron, then where do other denser elements come from? | [
"Iron is the densest element a star can form through fusion. Fortunately, that's not all stars do. At the end of their lives they blow up, and that generates all the heavier elements as it distributes everything else into space."
] | [
"The matter was created, its current *form* was not. After the Big Bang, the universe was mostly hydrogen, plus a small amount of Helium and trace Lithium produced during the few minutes the early Universe was similar to the conditions inside of stars. All the remaining elements come from stars, which slam hydrogen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about science:"
} |
If theres no matter in space for, lets say, a rocket thruster to "push" on then how is propulsion work in space? | [
"There's a phenomenon called the conservation of momentum which roughly states that there is this quantity, which we call momentum, that if you sum up all of it in a system before and after doing something, it should all add up to the same amount. Momentum is just the mass times the velocity, and velocity can have ... | [
"1. The rocket needs to sustain thrust to achieve it's objective. 2. to acceleration benefits of doing so would result in damage to equipment and machines on board...and people. TL;DR: can't get you far enough and we haven't invented inertial dampeners."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where do all the chromosomes “go” during mitosis? | [
"All the chromosomes split like the 1 or 2 you see in the pictures. It's just so much easier to see what's going on and to fit a diagram on the page without drawing every single chromosome. For example, [here's what mitosis looks like in onion cells.](_URL_0_) The cells look really crowded and onions only have 8 ch... | [
"Chromosomes ARE genes. All your DNA is wrapped up in bundles, and those bundles are chromosomes. Chromosomes are copied every time as cell divides so your cells all have a copy, except sperm cells/egg cells which get *half* a copy, and that half gets put together with someone else's half to make a full set again"... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do I always have a problem with left and right, but never confuse up with down? | [
"It could be because the human body is (reasonably) symmetrical left and right, but not up and down."
] | [
"Hm. I don't know, but I think it may be a direction thingy. You can recognize which direction is north, and get comfortable when facing that direction. I only feel comfortable facing one way too. Or maybe it is because looking at the wall helps."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can I run my car on moonshine in an emergency? | [
"Mythbusters did a segment on this a while back the answer is yes but it does not have the performance of gas"
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what determines that a plant is a weed? | [
"A plant is only a weed if you don't want it. If you plant a field of corn, anything that's not corn is unwanted. I n a residential yard, some people say dandelion is just a weed, but dandelion is a healthy, normal plant, and is even useful as nutritious leafy greens. Dandelion used to be eaten more widely until it... | [
"Well grass is not just one plant, there is 12,000 species of grass from bamboo, rice, wheat, etc. I don't know what you mean by quickly. Type of grass exist for the last 66 millions, that's a lot of time to spread across the globe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Geography:"
} |
Why does our snot get runny when we're cold? | [
"Wow, there's a lot of bad information here. When you're outside in the cold, your body reacts by constricting blood flow and moving all of the blood to the core, to keep the vital organs warm. This means that the nose gets less blood flow, less warmth, and less moisture, so mucus production slows down. When you g... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why haven't any recent composers of classical music gained notoriety? | [
"There are *tons* of modern composers. If you are just dabbling, keep looking. Remember though that the popular notion of 'classical' music was very well developed and explored some time ago... So when you hear Beethoven and Bach and Mozart you are hearing music of that time. Later you may see Bartok and Schonberg ... | [
"We may very well have. There are great composers, artists, actors, and such today, some of my favorites are still alive! However most of them don't get really famous until after they die (much in the case of Vincent Van Gogh). And between the examples you listed, Da Vinci and Mozart, there are a coupe hundred year... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why countries sell each other guns | [
"You sell things to other people to make money. For example, the US sells fighter jets to Israel to make money, yet national security isn't threatened because Israel is 1) far away and 2) a friendly nation (to the US). If you have surplus weapons and equipment sitting around at cost, then selling it makes sense."
] | [
"Because they don't need it. The government makes enough money off of selling the country's oil to do everything that they want to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why isn't there more focus on technologies to remove green house gases from the atmosphere, as opposed to just a reduction in the emitting of those gases? | [
"To be as simple as possible, because the worlds atmosphere is literally self cleaning. Thanks to oceans, trees and weather patterns."
] | [
"Fusion is a very efficient, very clean (at least, in the sense of greenhouse gases) source of power. If we perfected it on a large scale, it could become cost-effective not to rely on power sources like oil and coal, which produce huge amounts of pollution - among other things, greenhouse gases."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isn't humanity freaking out about the fate of the ocean moreso than it already is? | [
"It's a problem that occurs on a larger scale than a human lifetime...and we're tragically short sighted."
] | [
"How bad is it *right now*? Not that bad. But it's going to get a lot worse in the next hundred years or so. That's a big part of why it seems like nobody's working to fix it: the consequences aren't immediate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
What are gas grades, and what does it matter if I put lower grade fuel in my car | [
"Gas grades simply refer to the octane in the fuel. The higher the octane the \"higher\" the grade. Normally it means nothing to put the lower grade fuel in your car. Most cars are designed for it. The high octane fuel is required for engines with high compression. The octane gives the fuel a higher temperature ign... | [
"Not all engines that use gasoline use unleaded gasoline. It's best to specify lest somebody fill up their gas tank and find their engine doesn't work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Zeno's infinite series paradox. | [
"Well, the proof that it's wrong is that you *can* touch a pencil. It turns out that, when you sum up all those fractions of inches, you don't get infinity. Instead you get 1."
] | [
"Apologies for no actual explaination but [Island of Stability](_URL_0_) article on Wikipedia has an interesting take."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why only a marginal amount of seeds become trees? | [
"A lot of seeds wind up being eaten by forest critters (looking at you squirrel!) or land in places where they can't properly germinate. The saplings don't get enough sunlight because there's all these damn trees around etc. etc. Loads of reasons for small plants to die before they can become fully grown trees. you... | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If someone can make a flashlight that runs off the heat from your hand why can't we use that technology in other machines that produce lots of heat. | [
"Well, in the case of computers specifically, the problem is getting *rid* of that heat, not using it effectively. In a general sense, the issue becomes overall efficiency. Does it take more energy to manufacture the heat-converter elements than they can be expected to produce during their service lives? Flashlight... | [
"What exactly do you suppose should power these machines? Maybe we can power them by burning oil? The most efficient machines to take CO² out of the atmosphere are plants and they work on solar energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why can a battery never be recharged to its full capacity once it has been used once? | [
"Actually, this is wrong. Some batteries (Lithium Polymer, for example) even have to get (dis-)charged several times, until they get their full capacity."
] | [
"No, devices have a safety installed where after it becomes fully charged, the charger powers down to just enough to keep the battery at 100%. However if you do this your battery is constantly worked and it is good to drain your battery once a month and charge it back to 100%"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is the benefit to denying climate change? | [
"Because dealing with it means costs to businesses and regulation... and Republicans hate those things with a passion. Deny climate change is an issue, [forbid scientists from testifying on scientific research](_URL_0_), and businesses can keep on polluting away, wasting hydrocarbons, ignoring more costly but envir... | [
"There are many reasons. The most prominent one is probably companionship."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Climate change debate:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Climate change debate:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why do most cars have their engine up front but are rear wheel drive? | [
"Most modern cars are, in fact, front wheel drive. But in the past, rear-wheel drive had one big engineering advantage: the powered wheels (the real wheels) didn't need to turn from side to side for steering. The mechanical joints for delivering power to wheels that aren't always pointing in the same direction are ... | [
"4WD is Four wheel drive.. same as 4x4... It means you can select which mode you want in vehicle, usually reserved for trucks and Jeeps.. either have all four wheels powered or just two. AWD is all wheel drive, meaning the vehicle always has al four wheels engaged and you cant turn it off...usually reserved for car... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How come if I get in a very hot bath, it can momentarily feel cold? | [
"Your skin can't actually detect temperature, it can only feel relative temperature to itself. If the relative temperature is very large (i.e. very hot or very cold) you can only detect that there is a large difference and not in which direction it is. It's just an evolutionary artefact, because the appropriate rea... | [
"Just because the body gets used to it, doesnt mean its good for you. If you are in hot water too long, even if it feels fine, it can damage you. So you can put it as high as you will get before your body shuts down. Besides, eventually you will reach a temperature that you just wont get used to."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health and Medicine:"
} |
Why haven't we been able to recreate the way fish gills pull oxygen put of water so that we can dive without tanks? | [
"Because humans need a **lot** more oxygen than fish (we're much larger, and warm-blooded). Water doesn't hold enough oxygen to keep us alive if we were to mimic fish gills."
] | [
"The ocean is full of creatures who do not have lungs. Also, insects don't have lungs, but they have holes on their bodies where the Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchanges take place. tl;dr lungs aren't required to breathe, but they're a very efficient way to do so."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
The Crusades in the Middle East way back. | [
"In true ELI5 fashion: You and two other classmates all want to sit next to Becky (Holy Land) during reading time. You (Byzantine Empire) sat beside her on all of Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. It's not until Thursday that you realize Danny (Muslim Turks) is slowly making his way next to Becky. On Friday, during r... | [
"It would be Canada from Greenland to Mexico."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How would you be able to stand up straight in one of those spinning donut shaped spaceships that simulate gravity? | [
"This would indeed be a problem with small-radius rings spinning quickly, as the amount of 'gravity' you felt at your head would be dramatically different from that felt at your feet. For this reason, it is better to use a large, slowly rotating ring instead; the proposed radius of the NASA Nautilus-X SEV centrifug... | [
"If you had the thighs of gods and can jump at unhuman speeds, maybe. For the rest of us, no. The momentum change from jumping won't make a difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
Why aren't road signs slightly tilted? | [
"Two reasons strike me... Firstly snow round here doesn't stick to vertical surfaces unless it's blowing - and if it's blowing it would probably stick to the sign anyway. Secondly, you'd lose a lot of the self-cleaning that comes from rainfall."
] | [
"You'll notice that only passenger side mirrors have this warning. It's because on that side of the car they use mirrors that are slightly convex, in other words slightly fisheyed, to give you a slightly larger field of vision on that side, since you have huge blind spots on that side of the car. The side effect of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:"
} |
How does my Fitbit know how many calories I'm burning? | [
"It guesses, based on your movement and heart rate. Any info you give it about yourself (height, weight) makes it more accurate but its still an estimate."
] | [
"The formula is very simple: - Eat less calories - Burn more calories Yes, it does come down to \"calories in vs. calories out\". Perform a cardio activity, like running, walking briskly, riding a bike, etc, for at least 1/2 hour a day, every day, and eat light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why when we feel strong emotions do we feel them physically in our stomach and heart? | [
"Strong emotions from fight or flight response? It is just your body decreasing blood flow from non vital organs to increase your survival. Your digestive system isn't important during an emergency so it is one of the first to be cut off leading you to feeling something in your stomach. That blood flow will be move... | [
"Depression. Depression and anxiety have physical symptoms, some of which are chest pains/tightening in the chest and a lack of appetite. Basically, your body goes a bit haywire in response to the imbalance of hormones in your brain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When a limb "falls asleep" can damage occur if this happens a lot over time? | [
"Read about a guy who passed out drunk in college, slept for too long on his arm, woke up and did bad enough nerve damage that he couldn't use his arm for months, had to undergo physical therapy for it, etc. Finally regained movement. Read another story about a girl who did the same thing with her leg and needed am... | [
"That tingling sensation is called paresthesia. It tends to occur after you pinch a nerve (thereby interrupting the signal to the brain) or pinch a blood vessel (thereby restricting blood flow to the nerves). The tingling feeling happens when the problem revolves. The nerves go a bit crazy and the brain tries to in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is the Devil portrayed as he is? | [
"From the Gauls. They had a horned god who was master of the hunt. When Christianity was absorbing paganism, he was turned into the adversary."
] | [
"They are more or less the same from my understanding. Lucifer was the name of the angel who tried to rise above god and got sent as punishment out of heaven onto earth where was known than as Satan. Both names are part of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Devil is just kinda general personified evil counterpart of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is bird feces white but all other animals are brown? | [
"Bird's excrement is actually a combination of their \"urine\" and feces. Birds don't \"pee\" like mammals, they excrete all waste from the same orifice called a \"cloaca,\" which is like a fancy butthole. The white junk is nitrogen and urea and other stuff that would normally be excreted in urine in other animals... | [
"When there is poop, there is animal. If there is no poop, then predators will not be able to locate dog that easily. It's an instinct thing, the same that makes dogs roll in dead things to mask their smell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Please explain Antinatalism | [
"The main idea of this philosophy is that life includes so many negative experiences, you'd be better off not being born at all. At least then you'd be at zero, instead of a total that's worse than zero. This is, obviously, not a philosophy for people who think being alive is great. A secondary point is that if fe... | [
"Because then we would also have to add * Communism/socialism/Marxism * The speed of light * Black holes * How computers work * Monty Hall problem"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What happens when females with hemophilia go through their menstrual cycle? | [
"That's not really blood, not all of it. It's the lining of the *endometrium*, the outer layer of the uterus that holds the egg after fertilization. If there's no fertilized egg, the body discards that tissue."
] | [
"Because a lot of \"ailments\" are related to hormonal fluctuations that happen during the menstrual cycle and birth control has hormones. It keeps them from fluctuating so much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does plugging your nose when you swallow something awful tasting mask your taste buds from the flavor? | [
"Most of what we call taste is actually our sense of smell. If you plug your nose, it prevents airflow from easily carrying the aromas from the food, up into your nose. So you don't smell as much, so it doesn't taste as strong. The airflow is restricted because the nose becomes a dead end cavity. Consider how you c... | [
"Salt actually helps the food's aroma first and formost believe it or not. Smell is very important to your sense of taste. You know how if you have to drink some nasty tasting health smoothie or something similar, you're likely to hold your nose while you drink it? The reason for that is that without the smell fact... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Food and cooking:"
} |
Why is cold metal kind of sticky? | [
"Cold metal feels slightly sticky because if it's cold enough it will freeze some of the moisture that's on your skin. The warmth of your body melts the freezing but it's still cold enough to freeze briefly."
] | [
"Luke warm or cool water is better. If you cool the surface too quickly it will be more painful in the long run. Topical gel is also a good solution."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does cancer actually kill a person? | [
"Tumors grow in an area of the body and divert resources needed for vital organs, and grow in space that is needed for vital organs. Eventually it metastasizes (little pieces break off from the tumor and are carried to other part of the body by the circulatory system) and spreads and begins growing in other parts o... | [
"You can't simply \"ignore\" a germ. The germ will grow and grow until it affects your body. Sidenote: Are you high?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why is the word "no" the same in Spanish and English? | [
"Latin. French, Spanish, and Italian are all fundamentally based on Latin, which was spread across Europe by the Roman Empire, and are based off of the latin word \"non\" (which actually doesn't precisely mean no, but that's another story). Modern English, as the bastard child of French and Saxon (related to German... | [
"Correct me if I'm wrong, but when a word is taken directly from English (ie new technologies), it's generally always masculine. Having a hard time thinking of examples."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How is it legal for an employer to allow females to have ear piercings but disallow men from doing so? | [
"It is sex discrimination. It's allowed because no one has challenged it."
] | [
"General historical stereotyping and stigmatizing. Tattoos and piercings were seen as something that criminals, freaks and generally bad people put on their bodies and these are not the type of people that most employers want to hire. Additionally even if some employers don't hold those stereotypes themselves they... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is a rainbow curved? | [
"Rainbows are sunlight reflected inside raindrops. They reflect at a fixed angle due to the way water bends light, but they can be in any orientation. All the sunlight is coming from the same direction (the sun). If you take light from one direction change its path by a fixed angle in all directions, you end up wit... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why Do TV Shows That No Longer Air Still Keep Active Social Media Pages? | [
"The Office still sells syndication rights and has merchandising, which both benefit from a continued media presence. Ask George Lucas where the big money is, and he'll tell you it isn't necessarily when the media property is first released."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does gargling warm salt water help soothe a sore throat? | [
"Salt draws moisture and promotes osmosis. This is why salting eggplant or tomatoes makes them give up their liquid so they’re easier to cook with. In your throat, salt water “sucks” in two ways: it draws moisture out of any bacteria who have set up shop there, and it draws moisture out of your own swollen tissues,... | [
"It's an inflammatory response that your body generates against the invading virus. Inflammation is the first step in mounting an immune response against viruses and bacteria, and since the common cold infects the cells in the back of your throat (your upper respiratory tract), this is where the inflammation occurs... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Describe the programs and process used to track someone's deleted browser history. | [
"Not sure about the deleted browser history recovery, but for VPN in ELI5: Imagine that you build a secret tunnel underground from your house to your friend's house. You can walk to your friend's house without worrying anyone else can see you or hijack you in the middle of the underground hallway."
] | [
"The system is designed to allow you to do it. Service providers have an agreement for anyone to use their network for emergency calls."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the difference between the specification of a 7” record and a 12” record ( in newer, digital forms of music) | [
"7\" would be a single, and 12\" would be an album, so they are specifying which version of the track it is - the version released as a single, or the copy which appeared on the album."
] | [
"This makes me feel old that people don't know this anymore, but the reason EP v LP mattered is because when music was released on vinyl records, the size of the record depended on whether it was a full 12\" record (LP) or a smaller 8\" (EP)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do people say "vinyl sound WAY BETTER than digital"? | [
"When something is recorded on vinyl, the mechanics of the actual medium don't allow the sound wave to perfectly captured. It colors the sound slightly in particular ways (makes certain frequency ranges louder or quieter, for instance). Some people genuinely prefer the way sound is altered when it's put on vinyl. M... | [
"I've been looking everywhere, and I can't find an answer. The closest I found is something in regards to the ions in copper disrupting the signals sent between the ovaries, eggs, uterus, etc. Maybe a case of \"Are we having a baby? Aren't we? IDFK SHIT JUST FLUSH THE SYSTEM FLUSH IT ALL\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If time is infinite, won't everything exist again in the future? | [
"Just because something is infinite doesn't mean it contains all permutations. There is an infinite amount of numbers between 2 and 3, but none of them are 4."
] | [
"The idea is that everything that can happen, will happen. Say that I get to a crossroads. I could go left, and I could go right. Quantum mechanics dictate that (in theory) both happen. There is a universe where I go left, and there is one where I go right (there is also one where I turn back, or stand still, and e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
China's Cultural Revolution | [
"He was trying to remain in power by purging his enemies. After the disaster that is the great leap forward, he felt his position was under threat."
] | [
"British Empire -- > Post-WW2 / Cold War America -- > British and American pop culture -- > Silicon Valley."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between EDM and electronic music from the 90s and earlier? | [
"Well in my opinion it's just a useful umbrella word, like \"electronica.\" I'm well past the age of being part of that scene, but when I was, we only paid attention to genre labels as they pertained to very specific subgenres, like \"drum n bass\" versus \"trance,\" for which the differences were very obvious. Som... | [
"I made a quick check on wiki (sorry) and its explanation did make sense. The definitions are different depending on where you are. In the US Electronica isn't a separate genre but an unbrella term that encompasses all other genres that are based around electronic music such as Dance, Techno, Trance, etc. In the re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does Synaesthesia Work? | [
"The ELI5 version is that there are pathways in one's brain for information about sounds and separate pathways for information about tastes - but sometimes those pathways cross, or touch each other, and end up spilling information into each other."
] | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How mirrors are filmed in Hollywood movies? Why there is reflection of everything except cameraman etc. ? | [
"Check the angle. It is always slightly off angle, so you see the reflection of the actor etc but never the sound-stage, director, camera, etc. You will very rarely see a straight on angled shot of a mirror, as this will show the cameraman etc. On the rare occasion that they need that straight on shot, they will us... | [
"Good question. Basically, the light of the reflection of the inside is brighter than the light coming from the outside. So technically you see the outside as well, but the reflection is much stronger. When you switch off the light, there's no longer a strong reflection and you can see through the window. Fun fact... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why can they make vodka taste like cupcakes but they can't make a cough syrup that doesn't taste like it was filtered through a car radiator? | [
"The bad taste is intentional in many medications, in order to discourage kids from drinking the medicine accidentally."
] | [
"Don't play their stupid game. I order a large coffee. If they ask me if that's a venti Peak, I give them a nod. I only hit Starbucks if there is nothing else around, their coffee tastes like it's made by filtering hot water through burnt, dried cat turds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does it seem like on reddit there are so many cheaters? | [
"People in happy relationships don't say much so you only notice the bad ones."
] | [
"No it's really not, but since reddit has to feel superior to something, there you go. There's as much shit on there that there is on reddit, people around here just chose to concentrate on the bad. And you follow what you want to follow so it's not like they're throwing that in your face really. Imagine if reddit ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What's up with the random 2 or 3 second blips of commercials in commercial breaks? A commercial will start but only the first second or two will play then it cuts to another commercial. | [
"Networks send out their programming with national commercials baked in. Local TV stations and cable networks can override those with local commercials, but they have to get the timing just right. When they mess up, you get part of the national commercial before the local one cuts in."
] | [
"It's because the local station is list a second late in starting the local commercial. The network will have certain commercial spots that are for local affiliates/cable companies to air ads that they sell. But, just in case the local station doesn't have anything for that, the network will have a commercial runni... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What will happen on the International Space Station if the situation with Russia and the USA/NATO escalates? | [
"The Ruskies and Muricans blaze it up at laugh at us because they're in fucking space and don't care."
] | [
"A bunch of reasons: * The west strongly disapproves of Russia annexing Crimea * The EU and the US sanctioned Russia, contributing to the ongoing [Russian financial crisis](_URL_0_) * Russia is worried about the continued expansion of NATO * Russia granted Edward Snowden asylum * Tensions are growing over US and Ru... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is the defense for second amendment of USA's constitution in context of other countries' much lower gun shooting rate. | [
"Some Americans believe that having an armed populace is crucial to defending against tyranny. Imagine someone wanted to take over the country from inside, creating a dictatorship and removing citizens' freedom. This would be harder to do if the people have guns."
] | [
"Because we don't have any part of our Constitution that makes driving a guaranteed right, unlike gun ownership."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why dont universities allow students to review their exam papers post-grading? | [
"Many universities (and their component departments) do. It's a common practice and generally a good thing, because it encourages students to review their work. The downside is that it causes a lot of labor for the graders, who are contacted by students that disagree with the grading--that may be impractical in ver... | [
"Your university will have a system in place. Talk to them, each university will have a different setup for which schools they have agreements with and such and how the process works. Generally you can't do semester abroad until after your first year of school."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do firefighters determine the origin of a fire, in a house that's been burnt down? | [
"I'm a criminal defense lawyer who has defended clients charged with arson. the fire marshal will examine the scene. He will look for points of origin. A point of origin can be determined by the amount of char, the spread patterns of the fire, and common sense. The fire marshal will also use specially trained dogs... | [
"Interesting question. I think a big reason why people die in fires is they often underestimate how incredibly fast a fire can spread. If there's a raging blaze, there is no way enough water can be dispersed before the building is engulfed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it easier for me to see in the dark out of my peripheral vision, than when I look directly at the object? | [
"You have two types of light detecting receptors in your eye - 'rods' and 'cones'. The cones are responsible for detecting colour in light and are concentrated at the light spot in the centre of the retina (this is where the light is concentrated when you look directly at something). The rods on the other hand are ... | [
"If you take your arm and stick it straight to your right, you can probably see it way out to the side. Directly in front of them they still have peripheral vision, but their vision is more suited to seeing as many predators around them as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do the vast majority of American car commercials show no real reasons to actually buy the car? | [
"The vast majority of cars aren't that much different from one another. They turn on, get you places, turn corners, etc. And you don't usually buy one because a commercial told you to today, you buy one when you need one, at which point the name you can pull from memory recognition is more likely to be helpful than... | [
"I am not sure, but I believe the main reason that cars tend to be more efficient in Europe is that they drive smaller cars. You can get just as small a car here in the states, we just tend to like vehicles that have enough room for people and the things we haul around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Do the strikes doctors are taking interfere with the Hippocratic Oath? | [
"There is no legal component to the Hippocratic Oath, it is just an old tradition. Breaking the Hippocratic oath does not do anything (although how a doctor breaks it could be illegal). The oath means nothing more than the weight each individual doctors puts in it. Is going on strike breaking that Oath? Some doctor... | [
"They aren’t considered real doctors because they aren’t. They don’t hold a medical degree, they haven’t completed a medical residency, and they can’t prescribe medications. Evidence that chiropractic manipulation is effective ranges anywhere from conflicting to nonexistant depending on what you’re talking about tr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Now that we've found the Higgs Boson, what has it taught us about mass, or why objects have mass? | [
"Mass is a term claimed for how much an object interacts with the Higgs field. Think of water in a bucket. Each of the water molecules are interacting with eachother with hydrogen bonds. You stick your hand in the bucket, displacing water molecules around your hand. The Higgs field is exactly like water. But inste... | [
"\"The god particle\" is a nickname for the Higgs Boson. The nickname is from the title of a book, which was originally meant to be \"_The God**damn** Particle: If the Universe is the Answer, What is the Question?_\" (emphasis mine), but there was a certain amount of meddling from the publisher and the \"damn\" was... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Gaddafi's government in Libya fell shortly after a big alliance started with airstrikes. Why is it taking much longer to destroy IS? | [
"Traditional governments, like Gaddafi's, are like snakes. Everything in the government is connected to the head of the government, and there's no attempt to hide this connection. In other words, there's a capital building, government offices, military bases, etc... All these things are out in the open, and all ans... | [
"They didn't. Gaddafi was overthrown by an internal revolution (i.e. a Civil War). NATO did get involved in providing air cover, however that was after the \"Arab Spring\" had triggered the revolution, and involved a lot of actions by people other than the US military."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about current affairs:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about current affairs:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how are tall buildings drained when rain falls at an angle? | [
"It just slides down the outside of the building to ground level, at which point the same drains that cope with the rain that hasn't hit a building first deal with it. Just because it hit a building on its way to the ground doesn't change anything."
] | [
"Thermal energies and tall buildings, heated air from the lowest levels of a building rise to the highest levels (through the elevator shafts mostly ) as such the suction of the air flow is so great that revolving doors had to be put it in tall buildings to keep the strong incoming winds from pushing people over , ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Is "Separation of Church and State" a law? | [
"I'm still a little confused about this. A lot of the Constitution is written in language that is unclear, or open to interpretation, but the first amendment seems pretty straightforward... \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof\". It explicit... | [
"The President can Veto Legislation Passed by Congress. Congress can Impeach the President. The President Appoints Judges to the Supreme Court who must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court can Overturn Legislation passed by Congress and signed by the President. No one Branch has all the Power. There is a Bal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some peoples' joints ache before it rains? | [
"From my undergraduate-level understanding of physics and engineering, atmospheric pressure drops when it rains. When atmospheric pressure drops, your joints will swell because the fluid around them expands since the atmosphere isn't compressing it as much as it was before. Swollen joints are stiff and achy, at lea... | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Weather:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Weather:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How come internet/mobile providers are allowed to label their product as 'Unlimited' when there are in fact limited? | [
"The answer is actually rather simple: nobody has yet called them on it in court."
] | [
"I'll make a analogy for this. Data is like a small car being used to deliver water. Let's say you want to provide \"unlimited\" water to someone with that car, it's hard to maintain. Meanwhile a WiFi connection is like a bunch of water pipes. It's really easy to provide tons of water via pipes, it doesn't cost too... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does everyone on Reddit like Anna Kendrick so much? | [
"Can't speak for reddit but I like her cause she's self deprecating, dorky and funny on Twitter. Also she's hot. Really really hot."
] | [
"She's hated? First I've heard of it. Source?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Should I eat Breakfast or "Dinner" after finishing a Night Shift? | [
"I always eat breakfast foods with beer and call it dinner."
] | [
"Chicken is going to be On Sale the week after Easter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do certain business, like supermarkets, cafes or branches of banks, leave the lights on at night when they are closed and empty? | [
"Those places generally have security cameras. Leaving the lights on would make them more effective if someone does break in. That's just a guess, though."
] | [
"I'm sure people will add more but three's 3 points that jump straight out at me - A lot of businesses don't survive. I'm not sure of the exact figures but a good chunk of small business go broke in their first year of trade - Ground floor isn't worth as much as higher floors. It's loud, it smells, it has no privac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do most animals seem to love getting their chins scratched? | [
"Should be obvious, they can't always extend their arms in certain places the way we can. So it must feel good to them that they can get a free scratch in places that's hard for them to get. It's like people who like getting their back scratched."
] | [
"Are you kidding? Who shouldn't want their back an head scratched all the time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How come things like turn signals and windshield wipers initially seem like they'll align with a beat of a song but then steadily fall off pace? Is there a certain time signature that can consistently match these items? | [
"What happens when you have two different patterns at a very close frequency, is that at some times, they will line up perfectly, but then slowly drift off until they are in opposite phase, and then drift back to lining up, and so on. Now if you had two patterns at exactly the same frequency, and they started in ph... | [
"It's not just the height of the jump that keeps you in rhythm. But there are a variety of factors that you're adjusting for to keep the beat, like the time between jumps, or when you allow your feet to intercept the floor. And it's not something you know perfectly, just like keeping a rhythm while tapping your fi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the actual cause(s) of death (physiologically) when someone burn to death(by fire)? | [
"If were talking about total immolation, its caused by a mixture of blood loss, and failures of bodily systems since integral enzymes can only operate under a certain range of temperatures. If cases where someone is exposed to a large fire its due asphyxiation due to smoke inhalation."
] | [
"You don't just 'naturally die,' rather death by natural causes basically means death by some mechanism like illness or internal failure like a heart attack. So there's any number of potential causes, which can give more or less signs of their impending occurrence. It's entirely possible you could know of an irrev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do digital clocks get "off" over time? | [
"Digital clocks have a small device that vibrates in order to keep time. The clock is manufactured to know how many vibrations are in 1 second. However its never exact. It could actually be 1.0000001 seconds or 1.01 seconds or .999 seconds. So over time. Those very tiny errors add up to a couple extra minutes."
] | [
"> Somehow, it knew the date and exact time without internet access. How is that possible? There is a battery on the motherboard attached to a digital clock, just like in a digital watch. That keeps track of the time even when the computer is not powered."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What happens to my body if I get into the shower (or bath) with extremely hot water right off the bat? | [
"Depends how hot I guess? Burns are possible, and happens to small kids all the time when kids are put into too hot baths. It's best to just run it to a comfortable temperature."
] | [
"You're washing yourself with warm water, which will actually drain your energy after a while. If you took a cold shower, you wouldn't feel tired after. Same reason why you feel tired after spending time in a jacuzzi, spa, or sauna"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are planes faster than cars? | [
"Close to the surface of the Earth, vehicles have to deal with much more atmospheric drag, which means you have to push harder to get an equivalent amount of speed than you would at a higher elevation, where the air is thinner. That being said, cars *have* been designed that can match or even exceed the necessary v... | [
"I've been taught that the real actual reason is the period of time during takeoff and landing while the plane is below 10,000ft is the time when an accident is most likely to take place. Basically, they want you paying attention to what is happening rather than dicking around on your phone. Source: Studied aviatio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
Hyperthyroidism = Massive fast metabolism that causes weight loss and high heart rate Hypothyroidism = Massive slow metabolism that causes weight gain and low heart rates. So, why can't drug companies make drugs to cause weight gain or weight loss through the thyroid? | [
"They probably could but at what cost. The thyroid isn't like your appendix, it has a job to do. If you started messing with a healthy system it would likely cause other symptoms in your body."
] | [
"Depends on the antibiotic you're using. Some do cause an increase in appetite, but generally the newer ones have less side effects like that. Hormones are completely different. Depending on the hormone, you will see an dramatic increase in appetite. Some hormones cause water retention as well this creating an incr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are cities and towns in the U.S. referred to as ("city","state") where as nearly everywhere else in the world is referred to as ("city", "country")? | [
"City names in the US are only guaranteed to be unique on the state level. So, the state name is often required for clarity. For example, I could tell you that I am from Springfield, but that doesn't narrow it down much, because lots of states have a Springfield. The reason that they are unique at the state level... | [
"Usually one of four ways: * It's based on the names that the people living there have given themselves since before recorded history, e.g. France (home of the tribe called \"Franks\") or Uruguay. * It's based on the name of the person (usually European) who \"discovered\" the country or was otherwise strongly asso... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does Lemon Juice deter Ants but Ants are fine on Lemon trees? | [
"Because lemon trees aren't dripping with lemon juice. They only have lemons on them for part of the year, and even then any juice is contained within the fruit."
] | [
"Reason # 1 : Food spoils more quickly in hot climates. Spices are preservatives. Reason #2 : Not many edible and spicy plants in colder climates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where does he fat go when you lose weight? | [
"You breath most of it out as carbon dioxide (CO2). The rest leaves as water through the numerous ways you lose water, like sweat, urine, feces, and breathing again. Fat is ultimately converted to sugar before being burned by your cells. Sugar (specifically glucose, the ones your cells burn) has the formula, C6H12... | [
"It lowers your blood sugar, eat a spoon of peanut butter and you'll go right back to sleep. Source: saw it on a meme a while back"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
- Why is the President's poop collected? | [
"The health of world leaders can be important information and a lot can be determined from excrement."
] | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do people bleed less during surgery than then would with normal cuts? | [
"The scalpels are very sharp and tear less. Also there are electrocautery devices. Small arteries can be cauterized immediately to stop bleeding. Surgeons also clamp any large artery. The clamp pinches off the blood supply. Orthopedic surgeons working on the extremities will use ligatures, basically tourniquets to ... | [
"The mouth is a wet place filled with bacteria. If you did not clot fast you would be very likely to get an infection and die. The Anus also clots very quickly for similar reasons. Generally speaking people on blood thinners inform their dentist of the medications they take, and if necessary they will stop taking ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Health and Medicine:"
} |
When I turn my phone off at 2%, and then later it says 4%. What is happening here? | [
"Your phone doesn't have a way to measure how much charge is stored in the battery. But that doesn't matter too much because the phone doesn't die when the battery is out of charge. As the battery loses charge, it starts to give out less and less power. What your phone considers \"0%\" is the point when the battery... | [
"So basically, your phone may shut off its components, but like a computer motherboard, there is a little battery *specifically* used to keep time even when the phone or iPod is powered off. So, yeah. What kind of iPod do you have by the way? I have a 4th gen touch, and it does not keep track when it dies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
; How do people figure out the amount of calories in foods (especially all natural things)? | [
"A calorie is the amount of energy required to heat 1cm^3 (1ml) of water by 1°C. So, burn the food at a constant temperature in a thermally sealed environment next to a known volume of water, and note the temperature change of the water"
] | [
"Well if you look at this [website](_URL_0_) , It shows that each pickle has .4g carbs and .2g protein. Now both carbohydrates and proteins have 4 calories per gram. So really, each pickle has 2.4 calories. But in the US food and drinks can be labelled as having 0 calories so long as it actually contains less than ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it that when dialing 911 it does not connect to another area code and always connects to a local one. | [
"It hits off the local tower and sends it to the correct dispatch. There are some situations- especially on bordering jurisdictions where it will connect to the wrong one. This is why it's very important to tell 911 exactly where you are when calling from a cell phone."
] | [
"Calling 9-1-1 uses very old technology that has always been proven to be reliable, and utilizes high-priority telephone switches that superceede other calls and are fixed 'on the line' from point to point and so are easily traced. Some call centers do support texting to 911 but every call center in America needs t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Telecommunications:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Telecommunications:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are records better than CD's? Why hasn't a higher quality format for CD's been introduced? downloads. | [
"There has been a [better quality CD introduced](_URL_0_). It's been around for a decade and nobody's started using it because CDs are good enough. If you think about it, everyone was buying iPods when they had *worse than CD quality sound*. The majority of consumers don't care about quality as long as it's \"good... | [
"\"Doesn't digital production make the theoretical \"benefits\" of vinyl's analog nature rather moot?\" Yes. I thought the vinyl fans were seeking older pressings from the analog days?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why did humans, and other species, evolve to have both male and female species? Wouldn't it be more efficient if everything could reproduce asexually? | [
"Sexual reproduction allows for more genetic diversity by requiring two very different organisms to combine unique sets of genes, some of which are sex-specific, to create an organism that is genetically half of each parent."
] | [
"It’s called parthenogenesis, is the females ability to clone themselves, it happens with a few species in the animal kingdom. It has a few advantages (they don’t need to find a partner) but because all of the descendente is the same they should have a hard time adapting to new conditions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why are the frozen (under permafrost) methane and quicksilver bad? | [
"They are a kind of a nitro booster for climate change. If we reach a certain temperature, they vaporize and contribute further to climate change."
] | [
"by everything do u mean ice too? cause i imagine removing the artic and antarctic ice would cause a noticable drop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does olive oil contain saturated fat if olives do not? | [
"Olives do contain saturated fat, per wiki about 2g out of the 15g of fat in 100g of olives is saturated fat, which is the same as olive oil."
] | [
"Generally speaking, there are two types of fats: saturated and unsaturated. (Its actually much more complex than that but I'm keeping it ELI5) Saturated fats are the bad kinds you hear about that clog up your arteries and lead to a host of health problems - heart disease, hypertension, etc. Unsaturated fats, on th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do mobile service and data providers have a monopoly on the market? Why can't new companies arise? | [
"Mobile service requires the use of radio waves. We are using higher radio frequencies. The FCC auctions the use of these to companies, reserving frequencies for the military, the police, emergency services, et cetera. For a new company to establish a cellular network it would have to bid for a portion of the frequ... | [
"The fact that it's not technically a monopoly. A Monopoly is a single company that enters an area, stops anyone else in the area, and therefore can charge whatever they want. But often times, they are the only ones in the area, because no one else wants to be in the area because Comcast has the majority, there isn... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does different digital cables exist? | [
"Because they carry different data, and people would hook the wrong things into the wrong port and it would just not work, and they'd be bothering IT or whoever to make something impossible work. By having different cables/plugs, that is severely minimised."
] | [
"Why can't you? What type of internet do you have?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come people can have less muscle but be stronger than people with much more? | [
"Since he is taller than you I'm guessing his limbs are longer and that would actually make it more difficult to lift in almost all exercises. Being taller or having a different body shape could also contribute because more of his weight could be purely structural and not actually muscle, so you might be closer in ... | [
"fatter people do get bigger muscles than average yes. but the muscles struggle to move all the fat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can we choose whether warm or cold air exits our mouths when breathing out? | [
"We can't, assuming the air has been inside your lungs for the same amount of time it will always be the same temperature. The difference you feel is when you exhale slowly vs fast, where fast feels colder."
] | [
"It doesn't really become cooler. It just feels cooler because moving air carries away heat from your body more efficiently."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does both warming and icing some injuries have beneficial effects? | [
"Warming relaxes muscles, and brings blood into tissue (which speeds healing). Icing helps prevent/reduce inflammation."
] | [
"It doesn't. Your original assumption is correct. However, specialized pain relievers are marketed as having specific functions that act by reducing the cause of the ache, such as migraine medication that influences brain chemistry to reduce symptoms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does Electroshock Therapy work? What, if any, are the advantages and disadvantages? | [
"Got my university psychology notes here The purpose of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is to induce a seizure by delivering an electrical current to the brain. It's not a new treatment (been around since the 30's) and has a bad perception because they used to perform it while the patient was still concious/awake. ... | [
"This can be done for opiate withdrawal; its called rapid detox. The patient is sedated and, depending on the specific procedure, will be out of the hospital in 2-4 days. There are reasons why people do not take this route though: * Its very expensive * It is a specialized treatment i.e. not a lot of hospitals do t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does smoking increases the chance to get cancer? | [
"Cigarettes contain chemical which like tar which cause mutations in DNA. These mutations may cause the cell to turn cancerous. Tar and these other carcinogens are found in minuscule quantities in the air and are therefore not likely to be harmful unless specifically inhaled while smoking or by inhaling cigarette s... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The role of CB radio in modern day truck-driving | [
"In Alaska, there are probably a lot of roads that don't have cell service. Because of this, CB radios offer a communication option."
] | [
"They are more about prohibition than anti-drunk driving these days."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can this Video to GIF play so smoothly? | [
"That's not a GIF, it's a video. If you look at the HTML source of the page, it says: < source src=\"//_URL_0_\" type=\"video/mp4\" > The term \"GIF\" is slowly becoming meaningless as various sorts of HTML5 video become more widely supported."
] | [
"They are supported on all formats, while HTML5 is not. Also, most of the time, GIFs load pretty fast for me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What's going on with Ad-blocker? Why are websites just now responding? What's changing? | [
"It's always been an issue, and I can remember websites responding to \"Ad Block\" (an older program that did much the same thing as Adblocker) 10-15 years ago, so it's certainly not new. It is, however, becoming much more common: whereas before it tended to be a small proportion of fairly technical people, it's st... | [
"Relatively few people use AdBlock, and the tech savvy crowd that uses it is relatively unlikely to click on ads anyways. If more people started using it, you can bet that ad based companies would try to take them down. Also, big companies don't need to take them down at all. Google banned AdBlock Plus from their G... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If the Perseid meteor showers are caused by a comet with a period of 133 years, why are they visible every year? and why only on a small range of dates? | [
"There is a trail of crumbs behind the comet. Every year we bush up against that trail of comet crumbs at the same point in our orbit. There are enough crumbs in a wide enough path that we can do that for 132 years until the next fly-by"
] | [
"The moon is tilted with respect to the earth's orbit around the sun, and only truly comes between the earth and sun for about a month twice a year, a time know as eclipse season. Eclipse season is currently in February and August, and will shift slightly from year to year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The "dank" in "Dank Memes" | [
"\"Dank\" is a term to describe particularly fresh, sticky, potent marijuana. It has spread to describe anything of a particularly high quality that sets it apart from other things of its sort."
] | [
"Nobody: Not a single soul on the world: u/59ezswpmm: \"What's the deal with all the\" Nobody:\" memes?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do we still need senators and congressmen? | [
"Because the average voter does not have all the facts. There is a reason there are representatives, because they do the job you don't have time to do. Not everyone has time to immerse themselves in politics or the law or the various impacts of a single law on society. You have a job, you've got a film to catch wit... | [
"The house and the senate are two legislative bodies that make up congress. The Senate has 100 members elected every six years, and the House has... shit.. 400-some members elected every two years. Together they write and pass laws which then can be vetoed by the president or signed into law."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How people get attached to fictional characters? | [
"Catharsis. It's the emotional connection people make with art. Our minds make the connection between the symbol and the actual feelings."
] | [
"Someone told them what the answer is supposed to be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
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