query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why am I born with 300 bones but as an adult I only have 206, where did they go? | [
"Small bones grow together to become larger bones, often with complex shapes. This happens in the skull, pelvis, hands, and feet."
] | [
"We do. Well, kind of. A human embryo has a tail. They're about one-sixth the size of the body. But, fortunately (or unfortunately, I guess in your case) we have evolved to the point where we no longer need one. And so, it gets absorbed in our bodies as we grow and is completely gone by the time the embryo has deve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do particular religions forbid eating certain meats? | [
"at least for Judaism, its written in the torah (bible) to not eat meat such as pigs, shellfish, non-scaled fish (sharks, rays) and animals without split hooves. the case with pigs and other non-hooved animals is that they roll around in filth, eat carrion, and are prone to parasites and diseases. animals like cows... | [
"Halal are actions that are permissible in Islam. In reference to food it forbids certain types of meat like pork, consuming blood, eating carrion (the carcass of animals that were not slaughtered), etc. Also the animals that can be consumed have to be slaughtered in a specific way. It is analogous to Kosher in Jud... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happened to the world economy | [
"Basically, credit is frozen worldwide. Banks got in too deep in 2007 and 2008 and when the housing market collapsed they were on the hook for 100s of millions. When they lost all that money they locked down their resources most prominently consumer and corporate credit. When they stopped granting credit to compani... | [
"Recent years? It's been that way since the beginning."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How it come that pills knows where to go in human body? | [
"The chemicals in the pills that do all the work are absorbed into your blood stream. From there they are free to travel around the body. In many situations these chemicals are tailored to react with specific parts of your body. So painkillers work specifically with your pain receptors. They are distributed around... | [
"What language is this? Pills are solid and not liquid where I come from."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a buffer overflow, and how is it used to exploit programs? | [
"Imagine a choose-your-own-adventure book (i.e. \"If you choose to go left, turn to page 10. If you go right, turn to page 20). You have sneakily inserted a page 30 which tells the reader to give you all your money. At the start of the book there is a blank page where the reader can make notes. That's your buffer. ... | [
"Ignore everything that you've seen on TV or in movies. Hacking in those is about as accurate as the gunfights. Both use computers and guns, and that's where the similarities end. Most \"hacking\" is actually social engineering, and involves tricking a person into giving you the password to the system. You'd be ama... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Bleach... How does it! | [
"Color in living materials is often caused by molecules where electrons are relatively mobile (_URL_0_) - bleach adds oxygen atoms to these molecules, and electrons then tend to stay near to the oxygen atoms and lose enough mobility so that the molecule is no longer colorful"
] | [
"How in the fuck did you test this?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How numbing medications work. | [
"Nerves are like a network of tiny wires that carries pain signals from everywhere in your body to your brain, to alert you in case your body becomes injured or sick. Say your doctor wants to cut a mole off your arm. He or she may inject the area with a numbing medication. What this medication does is temporarily p... | [
"Chemical addiction withdrawal, For a part, at least."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Can someone explain Title ix and it’s new ruling as of yesterday? | [
"Title 9 has not actually changed. A few years ago, Obama issued a \"Dear Colleague\" letter saying instructing Universities to set up their own courts separate from police to determine guilt for rape and sexual assault. In the letter, Obama instructed the Universities to use a lower standard of proof than all othe... | [
"All the laws haven't caught up with each other but in 1980 when they reinstated registering for the draft, the purpose of selective service, women could not serve in combat roles and therefore would not be drafted. While recently women have been allowed in combat roles the selective service law has not caught up w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
what did families do with there spare time before the introduction of tvs? | [
"They spent time together. My dad talks about how his family used to sing, play sports, paint, cook, garden, read, etc. together. Basically, families used to do things together that families can do now."
] | [
"What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a work study (as it applies to FAFSA)? How does it work? | [
"Just to clarify / expand on what Amarkov said - you get paid directly, it's money in your pocket, but these jobs are reserved for students who qualify for them. In other words, the money doesn't go directly to the school."
] | [
"# TALK TO A FINANCIAL AID COUNSELOR There's an entire office at the school dedicated to helping you figure out how to pay for your education. It's staffed with professionals that know the current rules inside & out. They know all about programs specific to your school & state. Talking to them should be your first ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do T.V. Stations know how many people are watching their shows? Can someone possibly "hide" from this? | [
"There's a company called Nielsen that tracks viewers within a given area - they send out \"boxes\" that are attached to TVs, which lets them know what channels/shows are watched and at what time. People get paid to have these boxes (last I heard, it may have changed). If you don't have one of these boxes, you're n... | [
"They want you to subscribe to the TV channel, not be able to watch for free online."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do our tongues tend to stick out slightly when performing precise/intricate tasks? | [
"your tongue uses a lot of brainpower ive heard, and sticking it out or clamping down on it to hold it in place reroutes that brainpower toward whatever task youre executing"
] | [
"I have reading the front page and going to older posts for an hour now, and this question has followed me onto every page on the way down. I guess I'm destined to contribute? I would have to say it's because compared to our body doing something on auto-pilot, which requires virtually no effort on your part, you're... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Psychology:"
} |
How can it make sense that the world is spinning and travelling at such a high speed (thousands of mph), yet the stars/bodies move by so slowly relative to our view that they seem stationary? | [
"If you're on a train, scooting along at 75 miles per hour, the fenceposts and the bunnies sitting by the tracks, and the nearby rocks and stuff will appear to fly by so fast you can barely tell what color they are, but the huge mountains 300 miles away barely seem to move. Stars are a lot bigger than the mountain... | [
"The galaxy itself is also rotating a little bit, so you could say the solar system is also rotating around the galaxy in that sense. Otherwise, yes. We could be considered to be travelling at the speed of the galaxy, relative to other galaxies (with tiny fluctuations from various sources). It isn't particularly in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how we can breed dogs in all shapes and sizes, yet we can't make a cat-sized elephant. | [
"Because we haven't been trying for tens of thousands of years to breed elephants."
] | [
"Why do you raise dogs instead of eating them? Can you have a pet cow? Rabbit? All of these animals are prey for humans, but we can befriend and raise them too. However, why is a question for the snake or lion. You could look and neurochemicals and imprenting, but you wouldn't really have your answer. Jus tlike yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we feel tired after traveling long distances on transport if most of the time we're sitting or lying down? | [
"One contributor is most probably a high and constant noise level, especially on a plane. In cars, especially full ones you're probably not that comfortably seated, also the movement and vibration of the car, due to inertia, probably leads to some tension/activity with your muscles, contributing to tiredness."
] | [
"It's because you only try to fall asleep in an uncomfortable condition when you are exhausted, but you are rarely that exausted at the end of the day while relaxing in bed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
Why does it seem that so many Redditors were raised in bad conditions? | [
"Because a lot of people are raised in bad conditions, and people like to tell a sob story about it for attention/karma/whatever. There isn't really much reason to say that you had a normal or upper-class upbringing, so the stories you hear are biased toward the bad ones"
] | [
"Let me rephrase the question then. Why are there no poor countries with a majority of white people? I'm still very curious."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Sociology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Sociology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
The Boltzmann Brain Theory. | [
"Take a puzzle with 1000 pieces, throw them on the ground. You'll probably generate a huge mess. Repeat this often. Sometimes two pieces that fit together will land next to each other. Repeat this really, really often. Once in a while, all 1000 pieces will land at their right spot. Our brain is a bit like a puzzle ... | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Education:"
} |
How do anti-virus softwares scan the computer files so fast? Aren't there A LOT of viruses to check for? | [
"Modern viruses aren't like old viruses. Back in \"the day\" viruses were just a simple file. You run the file and it does stupid things to your computer. Think about a guy waiting in your closest for you to grab a specific shirt off the rack and then slap you in the face. Modern day viruses are far more complex an... | [
"They likely use a different algorithm. I imagine the big companies like Norton and Bitdefender have a large collection of malicious names, patterns and code that the program compares against. If anything in the file matches that list then it's listed as malicious. Webroot SecureAnywhere sounds like it has a checkl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do wall street firms (like the one Mitt Romney ran) make money acquiring businesses and shutting down the entire operation? | [
"Think of it like a car. Maybe you have a car that's only worth $1,000USD. You sell the engine for $500USD sell the transmission for $300USD sell the wheels for $50USD each, you've already made back your money and now anything else you sell is money in your pocket."
] | [
"it's a company whose main purpose is to find and fund other companies. it does not produce anything itself. it seeks its revenue by acquiring other firms and using its business processes and connections to improve that other firm and make more money."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How Santa can fly over so many countries without any problems from their respective militaries. | [
"Back during the forming of the United Nations in 1946, NORAD, who had a history of tracking Santa, insisted on a non-aggression towards Santa being added into the original charter. This section is affectionately known today as The Santa Clause."
] | [
"It seems crazy, but literally all of the commercial air traffic in the sky is being monitored. If an unmarked plane showed up in US airspace it would be blown out of the sky long before it got anywhere near a major city."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
- Why are rhetorical and literary analysis taught in schools? | [
"They teach a couple of valuable skills, like reading comprehension and the ability to try to think outside of the box. The reality of it is that at many points throughout your life, you'll need to analyze situations and take away more than just surface level information. Critical thinking is a pretty darn importa... | [
"There are a lot of criteria to grade on beyond spelling and grammar. Is your paper well-structured? Is it easy to follow? Is it concise where possible and verbose where needed? Does it appeal to your audience without speaking above or below their level? Does your first paragraph indicate where your paper goes, and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are pitchers in baseball not as good as hitting as baseball players at EVERY other position are? | [
"This is mainly due to the fact that pitching is a very difficult thing to due, and learned through years of repetition that has to constantly be maintained, leaving less time for them to practice hitting. Now hitting is very hard on itself, which leaves pitchers generally either skimping in hitting or in pitching,... | [
"This question made me curious if baseball is the only sport with a major equipment change between college and pro/minor league levels? Going from an aluminum bat to wooden is such a major change that some players never adjust. How much of a factor is this when it comes to longer stays in the minor league level?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does Root Beer fizz so much compared to other sodas? | [
"It has more carbon dioxide. I can't submit a lower word count post so I'm padding it a little with this extra sentence."
] | [
"All soft drinks have chemicals we would not otherwise consume. Phosphoric acid is used to give soft drinks a \"tangy\" flavor. Too much Phosphoric acid could remove some of the Calcium from your bones. Some soft drinks, such as Mountain Dew, have Brominated Vegetable oil to give them a cloudy appearance. Too much ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do people who get shot stiffen their limbs? | [
"Your muscles are one line of defense against harm to your organs. Since it's dense, thick tissue that is difficult to get through compared to skin and fat, and relatively easily healed, especially compared to organs. When you sense a sudden force or hit against your body, you tense up so that your muscles become e... | [
"There's no sphincter there. There's vaginal muscles but if you tell girls on their periods to flex them you'll get stabbed in the face."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how much particles are needed for sound to travel? | [
"That's an awkward question. Sound is a group of particles hitting your eardrums. The less particles you have, the quieter the sound will be. Sound in our atmosphere works by something (let's say a speaker) hitting the air surrounding it, making it vibrate. That air hits more air in the same way and so on and so fo... | [
"I live in QC, Canada, but regardless of where I live I can tell you that as the temperature of air goes done the molecule get closer together(denser) therefore the sound waves that travel through that medium has a greater resistance which ultimately makes sounds harder to travel therefore traveling shorter distanc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
what does being 'high' feel like? | [
"Really great. But Being a little too high can be frightening until you learn how to control it and relax."
] | [
"Its an amphetamine, It isn't necessarily healthy for you and it can become habit forming. Need a better explanation?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Can analog watches "die"? | [
"> Can analog watches \"die\"? I'm not sure what you mean by this. An analog watch is simply the method of displaying time in a dial watch face rather than with a numerical display and doesn't imply anything about the actual operating mechanism. So anything which can \"kill\" a digital display watch can kill an ana... | [
"You can. Why do you think you can't?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How come a person's net worth is defined by how much they have now, but a company's net worth is defined by how much they will earn in the future? | [
"A company's net worth is still determined by what they have now -- but the company's *value* in the context of purchasing it is based on how much they can earn in the future. We don't measure people that way because it's been illegal to own people for about 150 years now, so it's not a useful metric."
] | [
"A businessman like Warren Buffet doesn't have that $2B in a bank account somewhere. Buffet is what we call asset rich, this means he owns a lot of things (companies, property, shares/stocks etc.). Because of this, his net worth is calculated by how much his assets are worth. If the outlook turns sour and the peopl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between weapons grade plutonium and regular plutonium? Or any other element combination for that matter... | [
"\"Weapons grade\" plutonium or uranium refers to the fact that the common form of those elements are often mixed in regards to isotopes (isotopes being an atom of the same element but has a different number of neutrons). Different isotopes of plutonium and uranium have different characteristics, and so we need to ... | [
"I really don't think you appreciate the chemistry training required to come up with a new chemical explosive. Yes, sometimes it is by accident....let's mix this with that and....boom. But modern explosives put into bombs require a lot of theoretical knowledge to make something with just the right characteristics. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a BIOS update 'brick' hardware? | [
"The bios contains the basic functions of the motherboard. If it’s not properly loaded then the motherboard won’t be able to boot. If the mobo has dual bios then you can boot the other bios and flash the bad one. Otherwise you need to replace the memory chip on the motherboard that contains the bios with another on... | [
"The BIOS is responsible for the very lowest level of setup on your PC before the operating system is started. The processor knows how to talk to a BIOS, and the BIOS's main job is to find and load the operating system. The reason ruining the BIOS could brick your computer is that if the BIOS load fails or the ima... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why don't cold things smell as strong as warm things? | [
"You can only smell things if vapors are evaporating off of them into the air. The hotter something is, the more vapor you get, until you reach the boiling point and the vapor as forced into the air as fast as it can."
] | [
"When you smell things, little pathways called nerves take that smell to the brain, and tell little receptors what you're smelling. When you smell something for a long time, those little receptors get tired of sending the same signal over and over. Eventually, they get lazy and just stop doing it. That's why you do... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health:"
} |
Why do our lips get chapped? | [
"Dry air sucks the moisture out of exposed areas. That is why skin is drier in the winter (when air is cooler and more dry). I'm not sure about all other animals, but I think primeapes can also get chapped lips."
] | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:"
} |
Why does orange juice from Tropicana taste different from Simply Orange if they're both 100% Orange Juice? | [
"Back in the day--maybe pre-1990s?--year-round fresh (not frozen, not concentrate) OJ was not as common and was more expensive. Then, some great new process was devised and it became more common and cheaper. With the new process, it's squeezed, then stored in vats for months at a time. This process caused it to los... | [
"I also want to know this. I went to the store one day because I wanted juice that didn't taste like cranberry. So naturally I tried to find juice without cranberry in it. The only one I could find was cherry juice mixed with apple juice. Guess what. That mix tasted exactly like cranberry juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do ATM's only give you money in multiples of $20? | [
"It's easier to only have to stock one type of bill in the machines. If you had all types, you'd need different hoppers loaded with different bills and mechanisms to calculate how many bills from each separate stack to take out and give to the user. This way is much cheaper and simpler."
] | [
"When you're writing a check, if I have 30.00$, someone can change that to 130.00$ rather easily. If I have $30.00, then all they can do is change it to $30.000 which wouldn't mean anything."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do basic Explorer file UI operations seem to take a long time in Windows? | [
"What you are describing are Read/Write operations, which are mainly related to your hard drive. I assume you are using a HDD. Upgrading to a a SDD will improve the speed of such tasks."
] | [
"Programs that are \"Not Responding\" aka taking forever to shut down or actually frozen, usually make use of multiple processes and/or threads. Today's software applications are not usually linear (take for example your word processing app or instant messenger) as they require a lot of concurrent tasks to be done ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Technology:"
} |
Why is the letter "Y" only considered a vowel in certain circumstances? | [
"Because sometimes, as in words like \"yell\" or \"yes\", it makes a consonant sound. And other times, like \"happy\" or \"dysentery\", it makes a vowel sound."
] | [
"You use an when the beginning *sounds* like a vowel regardless of if it is one. European starts with a \"y\" sound which in this case counts as a consonant. Edit: another example you would say \"an hour\" because the h is silent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do germs "work"? | [
"> Are germs just a generic word for any kind of microscopic bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc? Yes. > Are there germs covering everything? Still speaking in broad terms of \"germs\" in general, yeah, they're pretty much everywhere. > If you touch something with germs on it, do the germs INSTANTLY transfer? Or do... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do so many people who are antisemitic deny that the holocaust happened? | [
"They believe that the Jews made it all up (or more commonly, just greatly exaggerated it) to gain sympathy points. You can probably see why an antisemite would hold that view."
] | [
"You need to look at it form the other direction. The atrocities the Nazis committed are used to invalidate many of the the positions they held. So if you support some of those ideals, in order to make them valid, you need to find ways to minimize their culpability in committing those atrocities."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why click bait webpages put everything in a slided format? | [
"Cause every time you click, the ads refresh, which makes them more money. Some ads also pay more to websites with greater engagement. So each click registers as more engagement. They don't care of it's annoying, they only care about money."
] | [
"Each time you open another page, advertisements load. Same reason why each of those 7 things will be on it's own webpage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Given the highly precise forces required to set them going, how do stable orbits occur naturally? Have we ever observed the start of an orbit? | [
"take 1million objects in vicinity of the sun. they're all going random trajectories. some orbital some not. give time a couple million years. the ones that are not in orbital path will either exit the system or crash into the sun. the ones remaining are in orbit."
] | [
"A good illustration of the 3 body problem is how the moon rotates around the earth, and the earth rotates around the sun, where the moon is gravitationally impacted by both bodies. Another example might be two stars that rotate around each other, with a planet in the solar system. Some solutions are fairly stable,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If there was a way to remove a brain from the body and keep it alive, what would it feel? | [
"An easy metaphor for it is to ask what a person that's had a traumatic spinal cord injury and is paralyzed from the neck down feels. Nothing. Now add in what a blind person sees and what a deaf person hears: blackness, and nothing again. And then just strip out the other senses because the brain's not plugged int... | [
"Our brains deteriorate like the rest of our bodies, and if we have worn out one then the other is likely to go soon as well. We don't currently have the ability to attach a brain so that it can control a new body but even if we did, it would just be an old brain in a younger body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why in media, do they potray spies as having strange outfits, and tech beyond what is possible, when IRL, spies would blend into the environment where they are stationed, and be indistinguishable from the legit people that are supposed to be there? | [
"Because a movie about a guy who slowly works his way into the Soviet bureaucracy to clandestinely copy reports detailing the amount of potatoes sent to various Red Army units would be incredibly fucking boring. It's the same reason movie \"hacking\" is done by attractive people waling away at keyboard or shooting ... | [
"It depends on what your definition of sleeper agent is. Do espionage organizations have deep cover agents that assume roles and live \"normally\" day to day for months or years before carrying out a mission? Yeah. In the sci-fi sense, are there agents who don't know they are agents until \"activated\"? Of course n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you sometimes have to down shift a standard car while driving up a hill? | [
"Get up on your bike and go up that Hill in two different gears, a lower gear gives you more power but you have to pedal more. Its the same in a car, a steep hill requires more power and therefore a lower gear"
] | [
"The 1 and 2 (and sometimes 3) on an automatic gear lever just force the transmission to stay in that gear until you want to change it. In terms of practical use, they come in handy when you are in situations where control over the lower gears is required. Say you are descending a steep icy hill. Forcing the engin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why people put apple slices behind their ears when they pierce them with needles. | [
"It's used to as something to brace the ear against while pushing the needle through the ear. Basically it holds everything nice and even. This helps to prevent any tearing during the piercing. Any soft flat item would work. Using an apple slice (or any food item) is actually pretty dumb as it increases the risk of... | [
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is my urine yellow when I'm dehydrated? | [
"Imagine a mound of white paint, and then imagine right alongside it a little gob of white paint. Now picture two brushes, each with an equal amount of drops of red paint on the ends of their hairs. Take a brush and mix the red paint into the mound of white paint. You'll no longer see a perfect white color, but rat... | [
"Blood sugar gets low and causes the headache. I don’t know the answer to the second part though. Also you’re probably dehydrated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What is this strange sexual attraction we sometimes have towards people we are mad at? | [
"I don't know for sure (I'm not sure anyone does), but it could have something to do with [misattribution of arousal](_URL_0_). The idea is that if you are aroused by something other than attraction, like fear or anger, you may unconsciously attribute that arousal to attraction. It's mostly studied from the fear an... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is it that after 3 years or so laptops become so slow they're almost unusable even if you're just using them for the Internet and nothing huge? | [
"85% Poor maintenance with people cluttering their laptops up with junk and never clearing it. In my experience the older generation does this more, my dad literally had 3 different full install programs to \"test his internet speed\" running all the time. The last 15% is a mix of websites/programs getting updated ... | [
"A cable box, a car computer, or something like a gaming console have a different operating system, and they're designed to do one thing. Run GPS, or receive a cable signal. An OS like Windows has to do a lot of things and so it's more complex and is a lot heavier as to how much data needs to load with it. That sai... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is happening when I scratch one part of my body and feel it in another? | [
"Many of your nerves and neural paths cross. The place you initially scratch often isn't even the place that itched. But your mind thought it was due to a miss-communication above in your brain. So you scratch it and realize that isn't even the location that itched. Also: Note that often when you scratch an itch, y... | [
"You can also get an uncomfortable feeling because that part of your skin hasn't touched anything in a while. The nail protected it from touching and pressure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does WIFI stand for/ mean? | [
"Wi-Fi doesn't stand for anything, but its name was a play on the term Hi-Fi, short for High Fidelity, a term used to refer to high quality reproduction of sound from a home stereo system. The Wi-Fi alliance used the phrase \"The Standard for Wireless Fidelity\" for a while in advertising in reference for this, but... | [
"Because all caps indicate acronyms and initialisms, for example, the USA, CIA, MIB, NFL, MLB, USPS, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The 1947 Roswell UFO Incident | [
"An object crashed in the dessert. The government says it was a high-altitude classified surveillance balloon. There are many people who believe it was actually a UFO (unidentified flying object, basically an alien spaceship). It was largely ignored for 30 years until a man allegedly involved with the recovery of t... | [
"The Chinese were equipped with Soviet made MiG-15 fighters. They outclassed everything that the UN could put into the air and it stayed that way largely until the introduction of the North American Sabre. While the Sabre closed the performance gap, it was by no means a superior aircraft. Source: Xiaoming Zhang, \"... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do they get the hole in a hypodermic needle? | [
"_URL_0_ Remember watching this after asking the same thing not too long ago."
] | [
"There's a bag full of Easy Cheese. They stick the bag in a can. If you look on the bottom of all the cans, there's always a rubber cork. The cork is what they seal the hole with after they pump gas into the bottom of the can under the bag to pressurize it. So cheese goes in bag, bag goes in can, gas goes in can, g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do pillows lose their fluffiness over time? | [
"Imagine a pile of feathers. You lay down on it, and the feathers bend to support your weight then spring back when you're up. However, the bending slightly weakens them, and they don't spring back quite as much as the last time. Over multiple uses, they don't spring back much at all as they've all been crushed and... | [
"You have to be in bed long enough for your body heat to be trapped by the blankets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How exactly does Adrenaline work? | [
"There are receptors for adrenaline in your body. Once it gets released, it will go into your blood, around your body and bind to those receptors. This causes things to happen based on where the receptors are. It basically has your body break down sugar and fat ASAP, ups your breathing rate and gets your blood flow... | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How did people hundreds of years ago know if food was safe to eat? | [
"[Universal edibility test](_URL_0_). Granted, they probably didn't call it that, but the general idea is there. Over the years, people also discovered some constants: - Nothing tastes sweet and is poisonous - No furry mammals are poisonous - Brightly-colored and furry bugs are rarely edible - Things that smell bad... | [
"Animals don't save their meat to be eaten later. You could eat a freshly-killed deer or something raw as well, provided it doesn't have parasites. But when you bring it home to eat later, bacteria start growing on it. You have to cook it to make it safe again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do really loud noises "hurt" to hear? | [
"Like most pain signals, this is your body trying to get you to stop something that's injuring you. Really loud noises can permanently break the tiny sensors in your inner ear, leading to permanent hearing loss."
] | [
"I believe it's because not only are they big scary loud machines coming at them, but dogs hear frequencies that we can't. It's very possible that there are frequencies above 20,000Hz the vacuum produces that we simply can't hear that bother the dogs ears. Dogs also have much more sensitive hearing than we do, and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do children victims of pedophiles Have a higher chance of becoming one? | [
"They don't, that's just a myth. Many people compare child abuse to pedophilia. Victims of child abuse ARE likely to become child abusers, but victims of sexual abuse is not the cause of pedophilia."
] | [
"Suicide. Chronic depression, especially when combined with other mental illness, drastically increases a person's chances of attempting suicide."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can ocean water not be used and filtered for drinking water? | [
"It is. It can be expensive to do this for large amounts of water, however, and the main issue is transporting that water to non-coastal cities. Simple evaporation combined with a condenser would purify most of the water."
] | [
"It takes a lot of energy/effort to clean water well enough before it can be introduced to the natural water cycle again. In addition it also takes energy/effort to clean and prepare water until it's clean enough for us to use."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is so special about aged ribeye? How do you go about preparing it? | [
"Aged beef means that the meat hung for several weeks which allows water to evaporate (concentrating the flavors) and the meat to tenderize. It requires a large amount of well marbled meat which allows the layer of rancid fat to be removed leaving good fat below to cook. The cooking method is the same as usual (fr... | [
"Meat is mostly water, with some protein and fat. When it is cooked, the muscle fibers contract, both in diameter and length, squeezing out water. The more water squeezed out, the tougher it gets. The temperature you cook at also affects how tender a piece of meat will be, slow cooking at a low temperature will yie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Scientific Model, Economic Model, Mathematical Model. What is Model? | [
"A simplified description of how something works. A real-life system has a *lot* of detail in it that we can't really duplicate much of the time, so we develop models which we *are* capable of working with that approximate the real-life system and seem to fit the data we already have rather well. For example, a mac... | [
"The Words that are Capitalised are not done so through a Process of Randomness; Rather, They are Words which are Nouns or which are Nominalised Verbs. The Practise of capitalising Proper Nouns, Names, Titles, and the Initial Word of a Sentence is the Surviving Trace of this once-extant Rule, which was an Inheritan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is the KONY viral video so controversial? | [
"It's the entire idea that watching a video and then making a social media post about it will fix the problem/add money to the organization trying to fix the problem. Awareness does not equal a solution. Some people are also concerned about the genuineness of the Invisible Children organization and where/what the m... | [
"Social media activists moved on to other, more \"trending\" causes. Kony 2012 couldn't stay viral and was forgotten."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why do cigarettes help calm down anxiety? Is it something purely psychologic? | [
"I had a doctor once tell me that cigarettes are one of the best mood stabilizers he has ever seen. I thought it sounded weird since the symptoms that ciggs cause don't seem very stabilizing, but he explained it pretty well. Essentially the addiction to cigarettes causes anxiety when you don't have enough in your s... | [
"Alcohol is a depressant . It would make things worse. I have seen cannabis cause paranoia In a depressed person. Not sure if paranoia is a common side effect in depressed people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does hollywood produce these straight to video movies which are clearly terrible and how do they manage to get good actors in them? | [
"Straight to video happens if the film is not good enough, for whatever reason, to be shown in cinemas. It might be that they are about some kind of trend which died out before the film was finished, or production problems made it worse than it should have been, or it's just a generally shitty product. Studios are ... | [
"A lot of horror movies have a small budget so they can't get mainstream stars but want a recognizable name. Also low budget horror movies usual don't care if the acting is stilted."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it whenever I'm being scolded, yelled at, etc, I feel the intense urge to smile? | [
"I do this to its because you're nervous, most likely."
] | [
"I would like to know this as well. During the day, I'm a happy go lucky, completely friendly guy. In the morning, however, I am the most angry, psychotic person you'd ever find. I don't like to talk, the mere action of people walking across the floor disrupts my attention, and I hate it when people touch me when I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Arbitration in baseball | [
"Basically, the first few years after a player debuts, they are still considered under contract to their team. They still get paid, but the team can decide what their salary is. If the player thinks they deserve more, they can take the case to an arbitrator, where he will decide how much the player will be paid, ba... | [
"The tradition is in farming/agriculture. Child labor :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Education:"
} |
If matter is neither created nor destroyed, how did all the matter in the universe come to be? | [
"If any one can answer this on ELI5 it would solve one of the worlds greatest mystery's"
] | [
"It suggests that the universe is dynamic and changing. In the past people thought the universe was basically static: it always existed, will always exist, and doesn't really change much. But if the universe had always been here and always been in this state, that means the light from all stars everywhere would hav... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How Would Someone Go About Legally Changing Their Child's Name? | [
"I know someone who had his name legally changed. Basically he just went to some government office, filled out a form, and may have paid a nominal fee. They don't even care about the reason, he just didn't like his first name, and decided he'd rather have his nickname be his legal name."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would happen if the entire world just decided to stop eating meat and go vegan? | [
"This thread is more appropriate for /r/futurewhatif, as explainlikeimfive is for conceptual explanation not for future hypotheticals or speculation."
] | [
"Organic food is one of the biggest scams in history. Don't be taken in. If we all ate organic, like the proponents say we should. MIllions and millions of people would starve."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Agriculture and food production:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Agriculture and food production:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does g2a shady system works? | [
"The keys are purchased with stolen credit card information. G2A makes no effort to validate the sources of their keys. When the card holder finds out and their bank reverses the transaction, the key becomes invalid. Bye-bye game."
] | [
"The thing is, ransomware is not legal. They were probably telling you to buy a moneypak or something of that manner. Per chance did it happen to be this one or something similar: _URL_0_ ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do cats (including lions, etc.) like to rub their faces/chins on humans and other animals? | [
"Cats produce pheromones from glands in various spots on their heads. By rubbing their faces on objects/people they can mark them with their scent."
] | [
"One way is smell. A cat's sense of smell is superior. Cats mark objects -- either by urine-spraying (which is normally preventable if the cat is neutered) or secreting scents from glands from their cheeks and paws -- as a way of leaving their scent behind to show \"ownership.\" That's why they rub around your legs... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If all matter is primarily made up of empty space, how can a knife cut a tomato? And why can't my hand go through wood? | [
"It is untrue that atoms are \"mostly empty space\". This common misconception is kind of like the idea that humans only use 10% of our brains. It's a distortion of the truth of the matter. If you think of an electron as a small sphere orbiting around the nucleus, then you might reach the conclusion that atoms ar... | [
"You know how when you drop a ball it falls to the ground? Air and the atmosphere is made up of tiny, tiny balls. They're so small and light that you can move through it easily, like swimming through a ball-pit at Chuck-E-Cheese's. But when it comes down to it, the stuff that makes up air is subject to gravity just... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The key difference(s) between ADD and ADHD | [
"The thing is, depending on who you ask, there are between [three](_URL_1_) and [seven kinds](_URL_0_) of ADD. As time goes on, more research has gone into trying to nail down exactly how ADD/ADHD works. There's a general agreement that some types of ADD involve more hyperactivity and impulsivity, especially among ... | [
"ADD is an outdated term. Medical professionals nowadays use either: \"ADHD: primarily hyperactive type\" or \"ADHD: primarily inattentive type.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do Antivirus programs know a certain program is suspicious? | [
"Cs major here, Viruses aren't built from scratch each time. Something like 99% of viruses are built using code from a previous strain. So programs keep logs of what to look for and know to quarantine it. In your case, Sometimes they also look at permissions. Your AV is thinking \"Hey taylaj your computer has code... | [
"A virus is identified as any self-replicating program, regardless of what it does. Malware is software intentionally built to harm your machine or other software Spyware steals sensitive information (credit cards, etc.) Source: Developer / Previously IT guy Edit: For clarification, spyware and malware are not nece... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the sound of rainfall, the ocean, and other specific sounds seem to universally relax people? | [
"Wooshing or liquid-type sounds are very comforting to humans because they're similar to the sounds we experienced in the womb, which is very comforting. Same reason why saying \"shhh\" to a baby relaxes them."
] | [
"Typically the annoying sounds are harsh/sudden, like the beeping of an alarm clock. The visual equivalent would be a bright light flashing in your face incessantly. Non-annoying repeating sounds may be the sound of waves on a beach, which is actually relaxing for some people. As is the visual of waves crashing on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that sometimes when I'm listening to music, it'll sound like its playing slower than usual? | [
"Your imagination can process things *much* faster than reality. For example, if you \"think\" of the alphabet, you will run through the letters faster than you would actually *say* them. The same is true for music. Once you become familiar with the tune/lyrics/beat, it becomes less important to your brain, and thu... | [
"Are you watching it on a TV or computer? You would be able to hear it in real life... It takes training your ear some, can you tell when a song sounds like one guitar but is actually two?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How are parents who disown, and throw their minor children onto the streets for stuff like atheism or homosexuality not charged with criminal neglect? | [
"They are. Abandoning a child is a criminal offense in every state in the US and in every other Western nation that I'm aware of."
] | [
"It has less to do with how old/established the religion itself is, but whether the religious practices infringe on someone else's rights. For instance, there have been a number of cases where parents opted to deny their children medical treatment and instead go for Christian faith healing, then were arrested for c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
EMLI5: Why does unplugging the internet router fix anything? | [
"**ELI5**: Sometimes the router gets confused and needs a restart to figure things out again. **A bit more**: The router is plugged into modem (DSL or cable modem). A reboot of the router causes the router to request an IP address from the modem. Sometimes it's the modem that needs a reboot - rebooting it causes it... | [
"Sounds to me it may be some kind of settings issue. Auto choose best setting for connection, turned on, perhaps?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did they encode images onto the Voyager golden records? | [
"[Wikipedia](_URL_0_) actually has a fairly easy explanation that you can try. An even explanation: Each image is made up of 512 lines. Each line can either be black or white (1 or 0). Then for color pictures they have three pictures, one each for red, blue and green."
] | [
"The Voyager spacecraft were launched in the 1970s. They actually did use (and still do today!) digital transmission. They were one of the earliest successful uses of a type of error-correcting digital code known as Reed-Solomon. Quite a triumph of 1970s technology. (Today, CDs and DVDs use a similar form of digita... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is the Squatty Potty a thing? If you want to squat, doesn't leaning forward do the same thing? | [
"Hi ! According to this article : > However, a similar effect to squatting can still be achieved — by leaning forward. Sitting with hands on or near the floor presses the torso against the thighs and puts an extra squeeze on the colon. _URL_0_ I think the \"squatting\" just make it more easy."
] | [
"Most men urinate standing up, It's a nice feature because you don't have to pull your shorts down to pee. You can just pop your penis through flaps and do your thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does global warming cause both the world to get hotter, while making winters colder? | [
"They go together in theory since the theory predicted it which is one thing theories do. Warming the globe can shift wind patterns. If that shift brings cold air from somewhere to where it wasn't brought in the past, or as much, that region will experience cooling. The problem is that people think that their littl... | [
"We have, by some estimates, already reached the point of no return. With the CO2 levels in the air reaching levels not seen in millions of year, it is unsafe for humans. The oceans were 80 feet higher than they are now the last time the CO2 levels were this high and weather much more extreme. We are already starti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why watches, weather apps etc. indicate the phase of the moon. Why is the moon phase so significant that people need to know? | [
"Some people use moon phase, rise, set and when it is directly overhead, or underfoot along with the position of the sun to determine the best times to fish or hunt. The moon does have an effect on some animal behaviour, along with affecting tides. Everything else equal, I've found that fishing during a new moon o... | [
"Humans do not have an internal clock chip, because they are not computers. Humans are very poor at tracking time, \"Time sure flies when you're having fun ...\", that's why they invented clocks. Clocks actually measure time, and yes all clocks obey relativity. Mostly people measure time by noticing when the Sun i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are men's pant sizes in measurements and women's pant sizes in generalized numbers? | [
"Women's sizes basically mean nothing anymore. They were suppose to be a ratio of bust, waist, and hip and were meant to show a smaller number because it made women feel better about their body. Smaller number is just more appealing than something like inches. They don't seem to be standard at all anymore. Women ju... | [
"This is because in most shops a men's size is from 8 to 13, this is based on average sizes Women's sizes go from 5 to 9. That being said, a women's size nine is the exact equivalent of a men's 7, so maybe try that as you can usually get basic shoes in both men's and women's (converse and vans and what not)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why isn't it a conflict of interest for a judge to decide an appeal of a case that he presided over? | [
"There are two kinds of appeal. The first is a request for reconsideration - you ask the judge to reconsider what he/she has already ruled. It's not a conflict of interest to rule on those because that's the whole point - you are asking them to re-rule. 9 times out of 10 they are formal, with no hope of actually m... | [
"Nothing in criminal court. Once you've been found not guilty, you cannot be tried again. That is the principle of double jeopardy. It might open you up to proceedings in another court though. If someone has been found innocent in criminal court, they can still be tried again in civil court (OJ was famously not gui... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What do actors actually snort when they film scenes of snorting coke? | [
"Sometimes actual coke, but normally it's powdered lactose. It would only be actual coke if the actor made that switch himself. For example in Grandma's Boy the actors replaced all the fake weed with real weed."
] | [
"They're actually smoking crystal meth. It's all a part of the hierarchy of doing drugs on tv. nicotine > weed > crystal meth > Sugar candy > back to nicotine. It's union rules. Of course I'm messing with you. They're probably just using regular tobacco or some other substitute."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does your body know where to burn fat from? | [
"> If you do an abdomen exercise, how does your body know to burn fat from that area, and not another? Your body **doesn't** burn belly far when you do abdomen exercises. You lose fat from the same areas no matter what type of exercises that you do, and which areas are used is genetic. Doing abdomen exercises just ... | [
"Your brain is telling your body to make room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What would happen if AMD fell? | [
"There are laws saying that if you have a monopoly and leverage that monopoly to gouge customers you can be fined large sums of money and if it is really bad you can even be forcibly broken up into multiple smaller companies. So they could, but they would have to be really careful or it would not end well for them"... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do competitive divers shave their body hair, yet not wear swim caps? | [
"From what I've been told, swim caps are frowned upon by judges in competitive diving. My daughter dives. Some girls wear caps during practice, but only one wears a cap in competition and it's because she has a braid that goes to het butt."
] | [
"The body hair prevents chafing from your arm skin rubbing on your torso skin. Preventing chafing is also the main purpose of pubic hair so your legs, butt cheeks, and genitalia don't rub together and get chafed. It's not like scrotum hair ever kept anyone warm in the winter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
how did the movie "The Purge" get away with using the EAS tones without being fined? | [
"Sorry, my first reply was a guess. But a 4-second Google search answered the specific question quite easily. From the wikipedia page on the EAS: > In the 2013 film The Purge, the \"Emergency Broadcast System\" is used to inform the populace that the yearly Purge will be starting and lasting for twelve hours.[44] ... | [
"My huge question is on what legal grounds they were shut down? They're just like youtube, they comply with DMCA. What the hell is the difference that made them get shut down?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Law and Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Law and Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can so many mobile games get away with clearly ripping off copyrighted material? | [
"To be honest, there isn't much regulation in mobile apps, especially on the Google Play store. Even more so when the apps originate in countries with loose intellectual property laws (like China)"
] | [
"You can't copyright a game. When I say game, I mean the concept of a game. I could make a baseball video game and not worry. What I can't do is take art from other games or properties of MLB like team logos or player names. By the same reasoning you will see flappy bird like games but as long as the code and art a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why aren't modern computer moniotors all as thin as a cell phone? | [
"your monitor can be as thin. but you're buying thick monitors. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Computer monitors use a higher resolution than televisions, until you get to a true 4K television display, and of course those televisions cost more than computer monitors. Edit: There are 4K computer monitors, but I don't believe there are any 4K televisions that currently share the same size to give a fair price... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does it mean when someone says they browsed the deep web? | [
"[Searched](_URL_1_) Relevant [discussion](_URL_2_) top comment by [Drewger](_URL_0_) > The Deep Web is simply content not searchable via Search Engines and are hard to find unless you know the direct address. > The \"Deep Web\" you speak of, is a set of such sites only accessible by using TOR to provide anonymit... | [
"To see if you tried to ditch any evidence of tricking the test. They're supposed to flush it, not you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the meaning behind "In God We Trust" on U.S. currency? | [
"The judge was referring to Ceremonial Deism, which means that the phrase doesn't have any specific meaning to a particular religion but is instead a more non-denominational reference to a higher power. Through repeated and regular use, it loses any special religious significance. Which means when you buy something... | [
"Well, if you want general history books about the US from the right and from the left, then read *A People's History of the United States* by Howard Zinn (left) And from the right, *A Patriot's History of the United States*."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does DNA code editing work? | [
"one way works by breaking the DNA at a certain pattern, so you end up with a frayed end of a single line of base pairs, ex: ATTGCCTTAGC. then you add in pieces of DNA with corresponding frayed ends TAACGGAATCG and in between the frayed ends is the DNA with a gene you wanted to add to the entire sequence. once the ... | [
"Like any fundamental R & D, you must first understand what you're working with. Future gene therapies, etc will ultimately involve this new understanding. The better we understand the functioning of every atom of the human body, the better we'll understand diseases and cures."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why does honey form small coils when it's being poured? | [
"Destin from Smarter Every Day has a video on this: _URL_0_"
] | [
"It’s because of the consistency—or viscosity—of the honey. It’s properties make it hard to stay on a spoon. A honey dipper works because the honey gets into the grooves and stays there as you swirl it. Jam, on the other hand, has a completely different viscosity. Not only does it typically stay on a spoon just fi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a registered agent? | [
"LLC, Corporations, etc. are fictional entities. They cannot act for themselves, they need humans to act on their behalf. The primary purpose of a registered agent in the US is to accept the service of legal process. A corporation, LLC, LP, etc. is required by state law to have a registered agent. Any adult residin... | [
"What jurisdiction are you interested in? The USA?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can babies breath in the womb? Can adults go back and 'breath' like babies in the womb? | [
"As a fetus, you had an umbilical cord, and your blood replenished its oxygen that way, via the mother's blood supply through her placenta. You didn't need to breathe, and you didn't have gills: you didn't respire at all. It's not until you're born and that cord breaks that breathing is necessary. An adult can't go... | [
"Most babies don't come out crying, the doctor induces it to clear the baby's lungs of the amniotic fluid it has been \"breathing\" for 9 months."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If oil rich countries like Venezuela, Russia, and Saudi Arabia are hurting from low oil prices, why isn't Norway struggling? Isn't much of their economy based on oil? | [
"It is struggling. Economic growth is down, unemployment is up, and the currency has lost 20% of its value. But it's more like Canada than Russia or Venezuela in that its economy is more diversified and relies on energy for a smaller percent of GDP. Here's a table that shows how oil profits (revenues - cost of prod... | [
"Venezuela has a population of 33 million, while the UAE only has 9 million. The UAE produces and exports more oil then Venezuela, while having a far smaller population to divided the wealth. UAE has also realized they need to diversify their economy as their oil reserves will run dry soon. They have become the tou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Now that winter is here (UK), and water pipes are more susceptible to bursting, how do water providers detect a burst water main underground? | [
"I would guess an abnormally wet piece of ground or water bubbling out of it would be the clue..."
] | [
"Water in pipes is kept at high pressure so if there's ever a leak water only flows out of the pipe and not into it. Furthermore, the water is cleaned properly before it is pumped into the pipes. That way, only clean water goes through the pipes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
From a fundamental point of view, what makes our genitals "dirty" or "unclean"? | [
"Your genitals are in a region of your body that's sweaty, dark, and warm. Three qualities that do the most to promote bacteria growth. That makes your junk smell bad (if one has poor hygiene) and more prone to infection. It's the same reason your armpits smell worse than other parts of your body."
] | [
"At the time, large male members were considered primitive / uncultured / barbarian in nature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does the coastline have beaches in some places and Rocky cliffs in other places, even right next to each other? | [
"Different water currents. Normally cliffs would just keep eroding, and waves would wash the sand away. But in some places the currents *re-deposit* the sand up onto the shore, refreshing the beach so it doesn't disappear."
] | [
"Sea level rise will cause more damage on coastlines with very flat land that slopes gradually to the sea: there, rising water will cover more area. In the US, the East Coast has lots of flat land, while the west coast is mostly steep shorelines except in places like San Francisco Bay. South America is also steep o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't cigarettes set off smoke detectors and fire alarms? | [
"Cigarettes tend to not set off smoke detectors often because there is simply not that much smoke from a single cigarette, and it has usually dissipated sufficiently by the time it reaches the detector. If one smokes often in a room that's not well ventilated or fairly close to a detector there is a good chance it ... | [
"Because they're not allowed to use chewing tobacco in the dugouts anymore"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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