query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What happens in The Prestige? | [
"The guy from Labyrinth helps Wolverine make a Wolverine machine in order to beat Batman at magic."
] | [
"Because you just happened to be listening to music when your \"The Complete Goosebumps Series by R.L. Stine\" arrived at the door."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why does some food become diarrhea? | [
"Food doesn't really \"Become\" diarrhea, something you eat or some internal process *triggers* diarrhea. It's your body's other way (vomiting being the first line of defense) against holding something toxic or irritating in your GI tract for any longer than it has to. Basically, it's your bowels hitting the alarm ... | [
"Even if it doesn't cause illness, it is a different biome of bacteria. Your gut bacteria may be replaced with different local strains that upset your stomach and cause diarrhea."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the definition of market price? | [
"Market price is the actual price the widget is going for in the marketplace/store etc. It's fairly simple, its the actual price, are you thinking of \"what is Market Value\"?"
] | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do you have to wait ten seconds before plugging a device back in? | [
"Many electronics use capacitors which work like mini batteries. Capacitors hold a charge and can take a few seconds to fully discharge. If you unplug and plug something in right away, the power never stops flowing so it never actually turns off."
] | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it so hard to remove pharmaceuticals from water? | [
"Molecules are really small and difficult to deal with on an individual basis. It isn't like you can just strain them out like with a sieve."
] | [
"Our sewage treatment plant is state of the art and produces fertilizer/sludge that local farmers use on their land. One of the big issues with sewage treatment is the increased amount of drugs, mostly prescription, that come through the system. Some, I think are treatable, but not all of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do modern products contain so many chemicals, substances, etc.? | [
"Everything contains chemicals and substances. Literally. Every. Single. Item. Ever. Is chemicals and substances. There is nothing modern about it. You're chemicals and substances. So's the earth, the stars and the big bang. The difference is stuff that's been known for a long time has \"common\" names. Water. Lime... | [
"Flavors are just chemicals that react with the taste buds in your tongue in various ways. Natural flavors are chemicals found in naturally occurring products. Artificial flavors are chemicals that food scientists research and synthesize. It's organic chemistry either way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The numbers and letters on pencils | [
"It's about how hard the graphite is. A higher number means a harder graphite in the core (because it's made with more clay mixed in with the graphite), which means, other things being equal, a lighter line. HB is the same sort of thing, but on a different scale; HB is equivalent to #2. If you were doing a fancy dr... | [
"The combination of all bar widths correspond to a string of numbers (and sometimes letters) there is simply a set prefix/suffix system set up to identify the different categories (groceries, books etc.) The reason the bar code layout is used is because is it really easy to scan, as opposed to digits. The code you ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do so many democrats/liberals like Ron Paul? | [
"Ron Paul runs as a Republican (presumably because it's virtually impossible for third-party candidates to get footholds in national elections), but many of his values are much closer to modern libertarian philosophy. Modern libertarianism in the United States is generally interested in minimal government and maxim... | [
"Liberals don't like being yelled at or lied to. For reasons I don't understand conservative white people like both."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Golf score handicap....'tis all...I have yet to get it... | [
"**TL;DR:** It's like a head start in a race, to give the weaker players a fair shot in a head-to-head. It's an official estimate of how far over par you can be expected to shoot. So if your regular course is a par 72 and you have a handicap of 10, you average about a 82 when you shoot a round of golf. It's used in... | [
"you might. a lot of that stuff get trashed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some dogs kick their back leg when you scratch them in a certain place. | [
"It could be like a cat's. When you scratch a cat on the lower stomach and their hind legs go crazy scratching you, they don't do it on purpose. They actually do it to themselves sometimes. It's triggered because in the wild, when they would get pinned by the animal they're fighting, their hind legs would attack th... | [
"Typically this is something that young kittens do to make milk flow more freely while they're with their mother. In older cats it's a sign of the cat being particularly at ease in its surroundings. Sometimes you'll even see a cat appear to lick the blanket at the same time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do manufactures simply add vitamins to products? How are the vitamins produced? | [
"There are several ways in which vitamins are made. Some, like Vitamin E, can be extracted from vegetable oils while Vitamin D from fish liver oil. Vitamin C is produced in the lab and is nature identical. A 3rd form of production is by using genetically altered bacteria. Vitamins obtained this way include B12. So... | [
"Vitamins E, D, K and A are fat soluble, so you need to take them with something fatty. The others are water soluble. Add that to the different effects every vitamin has."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What causes us to wake from sleep if no external force or sound does? | [
"Basically, we have this internal clock called a Circadian Rhythm. Most organisms have this, and aside from sleep management, it also helps with hormone release and body temperatures. The science behind why it's able to make us wake up, or feel sleepy at certain times is beyond me, but TLDR hormones like melatonin ... | [
"We don't lose our senses. Think if it like turning off a computer. The microphone still works. The camera still works. Just nobody is reading the signals. Our brain goes into low functioning mode. Only things quickly interpreted as a problem awaken us. Specific sounds like sirens our brain readily makes known is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If Marijuana were legalized, would employers no longer be able to discriminate against employees who chose to smoke? How would legalization affect things like government security clearance, or positions of high responsibility like an ambulance driver or pilot? | [
"Marijuana users are not a protected class. It's perfectly legal to discriminate against them."
] | [
"If I recall rightly from my days working at McDonalds, there were no janitors. We cleaned the restaurant ourselves. There are a number of reasons why the government pays its cleaning staff more. In many cases the workers are in a union, but that's not the whole story. In many cases, the cleaning must be performed ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How come anyone can't just get their own internet tower and connect to the internet without the use of a carrier? | [
"Well, there's no such thing as an \"Internet tower.\" But in theory, you could become your own carrier. It would cost you far more to do so than to pay your ISP $34.99 a month or whatever."
] | [
"By forcing all cellular providers to block their internet. Cellphones don't connect to their network through a satellite, they connect to a nearby cell tower which is connected to their service provider's network. The service provider's simply needs to block data communications, just like they can do if someone ch... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can we see flare ups from matter falling into black holes? | [
"\"near\" the event horizon is a relative term. Accretion disks can be thousands of times wider than the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole itself."
] | [
"1. Our solar system is infinitesimal compared to the size of the universe, hence having supermassive black holes a few times the size of our solar system is not impressive with regards to the rest of the universe. 2. Unless we were very near the event horizon, I believe that all light paths would be heading (spira... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the point of countries having nukes if they can cause so much damage, will likely never be launched, and can just be shot down? | [
"Its just a deterant, nobody will ever launch one in anger because of M.A.D (mutually assured destruction) but it also stops full scale wars. As others have said its not so simple to shoot them down, especially within 1000 miles, and since most countries have nukes on sub's all over the world, they could easily be ... | [
"The simple answer is that the major super powers that would be involved in a world war all have nuclear capability and it would mean the end of the world as we know it. There wont be any agreement that we will go to war without using nukes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does Apple/Google Maps generate 3D buildings for such vast areas? | [
"For Google at least they use a technique called stereo photogrammetry. This takes a 45* angle aerial photo and using specific colorization, creates auto generated 3D photos for large areas. Here is some more info on the process. _URL_0_ _URL_1_"
] | [
"Your GPS does not. The maps app does. How? Because countless other people are using the app and apple is using data from their travel to determine traffic conditions in real time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does caffeine make me feel more awake and productive? | [
"Short Answer: It doesn't actually make you more awake, it just keeps your body from realizing it's tired. Longer Answer: In your brain, you have these chemicals and chemical receptors. When the chemicals lodge themselves in to the receptor, the receptor activates, and tells your brain that you're tired. Caffeine l... | [
"A depressant is not something that causes depression. A depressant is the opposite of a stimulant, it makes you less focus and drowsy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are most quarterbacks in the NFL white but the NFL is majority black? | [
"Football is a sport that requires a lot of muscle in *almost* every position. The amount of muscle one human being can put on is limited by the amount of testosterone he or she generates. This is why women typically have so much less muscle mass than men. West Africans have much higher levels of testosterone than ... | [
"Most of the best male American athletes choose to play sports other than Soccer. Women's soccer is a top dog sport by comparison and attracts some of the best athletes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do wolves howl at the moon? | [
"Excellent question! Wolves are primarily a nocturnal species, which is why they howl at night. They turn their heads up when they howl because what you're actually seeing is vocalized communication which can be understood by other wolves, and howling upward is optimal for range of that communication. It can act t... | [
"Sometimes the sun is in the sky alone, sometimes the moon is in the sky alone, sometimes they are both in the sky. If the sun is in the sky, we call it day so sometimes we will see the moon during the day. If, on the other hand, we called it night when the moon is in the sky, then we would sometimes see the sun at... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How come some songs on the radio sound like they have been pitch-shifted up or down? | [
"radio stations put most songs through an equalizer in the hopes that it will sound better. radio isn't exactly the highest quality and they try to improve the sound quality that listeners recieve. this usually involves removing most bass frequencies except for the kick, either lowering or oversaturating mid freque... | [
"Essentially it’s because computers are smart. Sound is a wave, with how high or low a sound is being determined by how many waves it has per second. More waves = high pitch. So when a recording gets played at a faster speed, be that a record or on a computer, more waves come out in the same amount of time, so ever... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do mosquitoes bite the shit out of me but not other people? And why do they only come out at sunrise/sunset? | [
"Mosquitos actually favor certain blood types over others. Your scent has something to do with it too. Bananas are known to increase your yummyness as well. Location too. If you pass by grass that has dormant mosquitos, they're more likely to be like 'noms are here.'"
] | [
"Mosquitoes - because they can smell you and you're delicious. Gnats - I've heard it's because they're attracted to the carbon dioxide that you exhale. Don't know how true that is. Wasps - because they're dicks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why and how do some animals (i.e. birds) move their heads in a quick way, almost as if snapping to an angle? | [
"So I want you to hold both thumbs out in front of you, holding your hands apart. Look at one thumb, then look at the other. Chances are your eyes snapped from one to the other quickly. Eyes in general don't focus well when an image is moving too much, so tend to try to keep things stable by \"snapping\" from image... | [
"In most cases and when the motion's big enough, humans wouldn't. Watch the gallery in any tennis match youtube video as an example. People could easily use just their eyes to track the ball, but they turn their heads to follow it. The eyes are used for finer movements like following a sentence that you're texting... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did they come up with the theory that a Mars sized planet, Theia, collided with early Earth creating the moon? | [
"It's impossible for a satellite the size of the Moon to be caught in a planet the size of Earth's gravity. Plus the material make up of the moon is similar to that of our crust/mantle. Couple that with lots of simulations showing that another planet had to swipe by the Earth a couple times to put up enough materia... | [
"Rings come and go as objects are obliterated in orbit around planets. Saturn's rings are a temporary feature and will eventually disperse. Earth would have sported an impressive set of rings right after an enormous impact late in its formation. Some of that material eventually fell back to Earth, the rest of it co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do kids hate naps? | [
"Kids have tons of energy and also don't typically realize when they are getting tired. They also don't want to stop being stimulated by their surroundings."
] | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
why US conservatives favor getting rid of the Department of Education? | [
"The belief is that education should be handled by the states not the federal government and it adds unnecessary bureaucracy."
] | [
"The American government does not care what the rest of the world thinks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How were people in the past not incredibly dehydrated? | [
"Beer today averages 4-5% abv but the beer consumed in the past (for example places where water was unsafe to drink due to contamination) was only ~0.5% abv. So you could drink it all day and probably not even catch a buzz, while also steering clear of the dehydrating effects you experience from a night of heavy dr... | [
"My guess is that ten hours without eating or drinking makes you hungry and dehydrated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
why do my teeth hurt when I hear a high pitched noise such as chalk on a blackboard? | [
"This doesn't happen to many people, and as far as I know there's no actual research on this. What's probably happing is your teeth don't actually hurt, but when your brain receives loud high-pitched noises that signal gets mixed with other parts of your brain so it thinks it feels pain from your teeth when it does... | [
"A doorbell makes a high-pitched, alarming sound. A dog reacts to that. Same goes for a whistle, a car horn, police siren etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does signing the back of my credit card make it so that businesses don't have to ask for my id? | [
"It's in the rules that merchants agree to, to be allowed to process the cards. MasterCard and Visa explicitly prohibit retailers from requiring an ID to accept a properly signed card. \"They can ask for that ID, but you can refuse to show the ID and they still must accept the card,\" says Paul Stephens, director o... | [
"Who verifies that your signature is the same as the \"correct signature\"? I'm fairly certain I've never signed my name the same way before, and anyone can just look at your signature on a check you give to them and be in. In contrast you'll likely never have any reason to give anyone your pin, and if your card is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about technology:"
} |
Why did GM have to take government bail outs and Ford and Chrysler didn't? | [
"Chrysler was also bailed out in 2009 along with GM. It was Chrysler's 2nd gov assisted bailout. 1st was in 79"
] | [
"Would the automobile market improve if GM forgave its debtors? After all, they'd have more money to buy cars. Seems kinda silly, right?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
My three day old daughter is asleep and judging by eye movement she is dreaming. My question is Do babies dream and what do they dream about? | [
"... Asking what a baby dreams about is like asking what a dog dreams about. How would you ever find out?"
] | [
"They are in stage 4 sleep, which is the deepest sleep. The movements are involuntary, and the sleep is so deep it would take quite a bit to wake them up. I wish I knew more to answer your question, but this is all I got haha. But I will say that a common misconception is that they are dreaming of running or chasin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do I have to let my cell phone battery charge up to 5% before it will turn on when I can plug a dead laptop in and boot immediately? | [
"Passthrough. When plugged in your laptop uses the power provided from the plug and the excess power charges the battery. Your cellphone uses the power from the battery and when plugged in the power goes to the battery first."
] | [
"No, charging is intelligent in phones. You can leave it plugged for life and it will only charge when it's needed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why is it that people are concerned about the prevalence of the confederate flag but the iron cross is still used widely in brands, musicians, bumper stickers, etc? | [
"The iron cross was not very tainted by the Nazis, though it was somewhat. Most of the imagery associated with the Nazis was with the Swastika so it is what became tainted. Also the Iron Cross was not a part of the flag, it was an award."
] | [
"the flag on the back of the shoes is from an era when minorities were treated horribly, so they associate that flag with those times and their oppression, and so don't want to have it visible on a bunch of peoples' feet. I don't have an opinion either way, but that's what's up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does Steve Wozniak print his own legal US $2 bills. | [
"He doesn't have the printer make the bills, he has the printer bind & perforate them. [The treasury will sell you uncut sheets of $2 bills if you want them](_URL_0_). The whole bit about pretending they're fake is a joke. It's a dad joke."
] | [
"Counterfeit money certainly predate computers. Why would stock certificates be different?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does cold water taste so much better than warm water? | [
"The colder something is, the harder it is to smell/taste certain aromatics and dissolved minerals. So, besides being more refreshing, it actually tastes better because it tastes less."
] | [
"We can? It tastes like water. Go to your kitchen, pour yourself a glass of water, and give it a go. Granted it is a fairly neutral taste, it isn't *not* a taste, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:"
} |
Why does breakfast/food taste different in the morning, compared to during the day? | [
"Do you sleep with your mouth open? If so, the bacteria in your mouth basically get 8 hours' free reign to eat and shit all over it, mixing your saliva with bacterial waste while the saliva will evaporate faster and thicken to the yellow muck you can find in your mouth some days. If you don't, it's still gonna have... | [
"Try eating later in the day not everyone is designed to eat immediately or even within two hours of waking up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How was 9,192,631,770 cesium transition cycles chosen as the definition of one second? | [
"Caesium is used in actual atomic clocks, and the first commercially-available atomic clock also used it. It was just a matter of convenience to use it as the standard for the second. Prior to this the definition of a second was based off of a calculated fraction of astronomical days."
] | [
"No reason. The length of a meter was defined long before the speed of light was known. 299792458 m/s is just a number"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why can't my eyes look in separate directions at the same time? | [
"They are not \"wired\" that way. Humans have binocular vision from our previous evolution as hunters/predators. As a part of that our eyes are not able to split directions because that defeats the purpose of having binocular vision."
] | [
"Your depth perception is compromised when it's above the ground making it harder for your brain to figure out how to put one foot in front of the other without tripping. Edit: spelling"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
How do split depth gifs trick the mind into believing a gif is 3-D? | [
"Your brain builds a 3-D model of a scene from visual cues. Some of those cues are based on where the lenses of your eyes focus to make a clear image, some are based on the divergence of angle of your eyes, some of them are based on how hazy or blurry parts of the image are, and some of them are based on occlusion ... | [
"We can only process images at a certain rate. When we process one frame to the next, it can look like things are spinning backwards depending on how fast they are spinning. If you set a camera to the exact framerate at which rotor blades spin, it looks like they arent spinning at all! _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is White Guilt and where does the idea come from? | [
"White Guilt is the concept that Caucasians in the USA are still atoning for the fact that at one point we had race based slavery, followed by segregation in this country. Because of this we are not suppose to complain when racist insults or discrimination are directed toward us. Some even go so far as to say it is... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What separates a $1,000 watch from a $10,000, $100,000 or $1,000,000 watch? | [
"A name brand. Just like clothing. May not be better or worse. You're paying for a name most likely"
] | [
"If you owe the bank $100,000.00, you have a problem. If you owe the bank $100,000,000.00, the bank has a problem."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does stroking animals relax/calm us down? | [
"i covered this topic in a class in university way back in the caveman days they would sit around the fire with their half wild dogs stroking their fur elicited the guard guard guard instinct in the animal thats the theory anyways so basically the theory is we were able to relax knowing we were protected"
] | [
"Stress-induced cardiomyopathy. Essentially, your heart's \"muscle\" is weakened due to emotional stress. In older people, it can lead to arrhythmia, heart failure and death. It's sometimes called \"broken heart syndrome\". How do you combat this? Talk to a doctor or psychiatrist. There are various prescriptions ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What exactly is it that makes us HAVE to sleep? Why do we get tired. | [
"> At Stanford University I visited William Dement, the retired dean of sleep studies, a co-discoverer of REM sleep, and co-founder of the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center. I asked him to tell me what he knew, after 50 years of research, about the reason we sleep. “As far as I know,” he answered, “the only reason we ... | [
"Your brain is telling your body to make room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it unsafe to keep dead raw clams and oysters in the fridge but perfectly fine to do so with scallops? | [
"The clams and oysters, if still 'in the shell' are whole organisms, meaning there is food in their stomachs and 'poop' farther along their digestive tracts. Scallops are a muscle removed from the whole animal, so are not as 'naturally contaminated'."
] | [
"because you're going to eat it. Cooked meat can be dangerous if you leave it in the fridge for a few weeks. Just like raw meat. The difference is that if you put raw meat in the freezer, you can save it for a few months. Cooked meat can be left in the fridge for a couple days, but still is subject to rotting. Bein... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is death such a morbid concept to humans, even though it is a biological process for every living thing to die? | [
"The fact of not knowing exactly what is going to happen afterwards, jumping into the unknown can be terrifying to most but others may find it intriguing. If people knew what was going to happen it may be more accepted. For example: My greatest fear is the ocean, only because i have no idea what is down there and i... | [
"I believe that subconscious trigger, like many we used to have, no longer plays a role for certain people. In the same way's that we have learned to nurture and care for the sick and wounded, rather than leaving them behind. I think humans in civilized parts of the world are no longer concerned for survival of ou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If most of the time it's obvious you committed a crime, why are you still advised to get a lawyer? | [
"Obvious to whom? The point of a lawyer is to make sure that the government does everything correctly before they take away someone's freedom. So, do you want it to be easy for the government to throw you in jail? Or hard?"
] | [
"They are supposed to do their best. It's like how they are supposed to do their best to not assume guilt when someone pleads the fifth. It can also give grounds for a retrial."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do we only have a Social Security Number(In the US), and not any other back up identification card, to keep our identity safer from identity theft? | [
"Better question is why are SS#'s used outside of the SS System to identify people? It was literally promised to the public that it wouldn't be used out side of it for identification purposes."
] | [
"It's a document specifically made so that the governments of other countries can recognize it. Basically, it's our State Department saying, \"Hey, this guy is identifiable.\" There's no other document that does this, so far as I know. Any other national ID has always been for internal use only - National Health ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does opening your eyes under water affect your eyes? | [
"It depends, on the water. Water in a swimming pool is purified, so there are \"anti-life\" chemicals in it that can irritate your eyes. Most swimmers get used to it, because the benefits of seeing outweigh the sting, or they wear goggles. The ocean is full of salt, so the sting there tells you something different.... | [
"If you do it a lot, it could affect your lung capacity. Probably best to give it up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do studios have to 'close deals' with directors who are clearly interested in helming sequels? | [
"Without a clear contract they could spend millions on apocalypse but singer could leave or make a mess with no consequence costing millions more."
] | [
"People *say* they hate it, but more often than not these reboots are making enough money to cover what it cost to make them, and then some. So clearly, enough people are going to the movies based on it being a name they know & like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Would a donut shaped planet be possible | [
"Probably not. The *enormous* weight of a planet would almost certainly make the hole cave in."
] | [
"You should submit this to xkcd's What If column. He'll work it all out, from how much pressure it would take to have an effect to how the earth would eventually break up and where all of the bits would go."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about writing:"
} |
Exactly how does our body receive and access Vitamin D? | [
"You can get some in your diet, but it's not as far as I know especially prevalent in food. Your body also stores the pre-requisites for vitamin d in your skin. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (as in, the sun) synthesizes from that Vitamin D, which is the whole 'you get it from the sun' concept (although, it does... | [
"Multivitamins are a dietary supplement of what's called micro nutrients that are essential to proper body function. Now, the best way to get these would be eating food based on your body's needs, however literally hundreds of independent dietary studies have shown that this simply doesn't happen in about 92% of Am... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and nutrition:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and nutrition:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is medical and law school very expensive, when compared to regular college and university? | [
"If you knew a chicken would produce a \"golden egg\" (doctors and lawyers), If you fed it a special type of food(med/law degree). Wouldn't the person selling the special chicken food (colleges) charge more for providing the \"food\". Bottom line, as long as the general public is willing to pay high prices to rece... | [
"It will be much, much harder to get certain jobs. If you go to a vocational school, you should be able to get one of those jobs just fine. There's not really any reason for 100% of students to go to college. There are more students with a college education than there are jobs that require one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are clothing brands like: Ralph Lauren, Kenzo, michael Kors So expensive? | [
"It's a combination of perceived quality, a certain amount of actual better quality, and status. People are willing to pay a premium price for shirts with logos to show that they have lots of money to spend on wearing \"status\" logos."
] | [
"Luxottica owns over 80% of the eyewear market. They own Lenscrafters, Sunglass Hut, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Target Optical, Eyemed vision care plan, and _URL_0_ As far as sunglasses, they own Ray-Ban, Persol, and Oakley. They make frames for most designer brands like Chanel, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Burberry, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why potato chip bags are half full when opened. | [
"The bags ate filled with nitrogen to keep the chips fresh and to cushion them from being smashed in transit to the store."
] | [
"Marketing by completely over-exaggerating the health benefits of spinach. And a lot of people fell for it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does your own voice sound so different to how you hear it? | [
"When you speak, vibrations from your vocal cords resonate in your throat and mouth, and some get transmitted and conducted by the bones in your neck and head. The inner ear responds to these just like any other vibrations, turning them into electrical signals and sending them to the brain. Whenever you speak, your... | [
"We don't actually hate them. Our voice \"Spreads\" to our whole body through our bones. This means that when we talk, part of what we said goes to our ears through the bones and makes us believe that our voice is what we hear when we talk therefore when listening to it through a tape or video we disliked it becaus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are deep voices easier to hear when speaking? | [
"as per the other comment's recommendation, please do make sure your own hearing is ok. But besides that, there are other factors as well. 1. \"deep voices\", or lower frequency sound is easier to hear over obstacles. Perhaps you have something inbetween you and your speakers that keep the higher frequency sounds ... | [
"You're used to the sound you usually hear when you talk. However, this is not how you actually sound. Your actual voice is higher than what you hear due to the sound passing through your head. Since you rarely ever hear yourself recorded, you naturally have an aversion to it. If you got used to hearing your record... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Language and Communication:"
} |
Why did people drink out of horns? | [
"Because they were a common, readily available waterproof receptacle that didn't require tools or technology to make."
] | [
"People used all sorts of stuff throughout time. The ancient Greeks used stones and pieces of clay. The ancient Romans used a sponge at the end of a stick that was shared by the community. When not in use, it was stored in a bucket of heavily salted seawater. Fast forward to colonial America and people would use t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
- What is it like to be schizophrenic? | [
"Have a look at this link, in particular the thread originating from comment by u/burningblacksun _URL_0_"
] | [
"I would personally give my left arm to be ambidextrous."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about science:"
} |
What is the science behind Bosley and other hair restoration services? | [
"Your body has different types of hair follicles in different places. Follicles are basically little spots in your scalp or elsewhere on your body that produce new hair. The most common type of baldness is male pattern baldness, which affects only the top part of the scalp. There is a hormone in your body called D... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why our eyes move in rapid jolts instead of smooth movements? | [
"they move that way because your eye muscles are awesome and fast. To move more \"smoothly\" would be to move more *slowly*. Talk to anyone who is serious about computer games: they often change the games default \"look\" or mouse sensititivty (which is usually fairly slow or smooth) to being more sensitive, which ... | [
"Almost all birds have stationary eyes; they cannot move their eyes like humans can to look at something. In order to see anything while walking, instead of just a blur, birds keep their heads stationary and move their body. Then they move their head forward and repeat. It kind of looks like they are bobing their h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Keynesian and monetarist economics and there differences. | [
"Keynesians think the markets which dominate the economy often go wrong due to silly emotional human behaviour, and that the government can help stabilise the economy by spending borrowed money during slumps to make up for lack of demand, and cooling the economy in boom times with extra taxation to pay for the defi... | [
"Monopoly or Oligopoly and Cartel behaviors along with a broken copyright system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If B.O. is caused by bacteria on our skin eating sweat, why does deodorant block sweat rather than just kill the bacteria? | [
"you have two different products here. a deodorant covers the smell. an antiperspirant blocks your sweating, but is also perfumed. personally i dont use antiperspirants simply because i am not a sweaty person and dont need to. however if there is no sweat then there is no protein for the bacteria to eat then ther... | [
"Cologne is how perfume is marketed for men. Aftershave is for preventing infections after shaving. It may have ingredients that numb skin a bit (so it doesn't hurt that much) and almost all have some fragrance. Deodorant is for killing body odour caused by bacteria that eats sweat. Antiperspirant is a type of deo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly is escrow? | [
"Escrow is like a third party referee who makes sure that payments are made as agreed to. If you're buying a property, you'd put the money into escrow, and this guarantees to the seller that if everything else proceeds as planned, they will be paid. You wouldn't give the money directly to the seller, because there ... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How air traffic is coordinated | [
"Just like on the roads, there are highways in the sky. Commercial aircraft fly on specified altitudes and specified \"routes.\" When a plane has to wait to land, there is a flight pattern that they fly in. There is a circle that they make over the airport. If there is a weather problem that closes an airport, the... | [
"If you turn off your phone it can no longer be tracked; similarly if the radio equipment that lets traffic control know where a plane is located is turned off, either deliberately or because of an accident, it becomes significantly harder to track that plane. Civilian radar coverage isn't available everywhere, it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can I protect my files/documents using encryption in the best and easiest way? | [
"You might want to check out TrueCrypt. They're a pretty seamless and easy-to-implement cryptography system that really does the job right, without taking shortcuts. You can encrypt your entire hard drive, meaning that every time you turn it on, you have to enter a password, because everything on the drive (includi... | [
"It would be very useful to know which operating system the computer uses (Windows? Mac?) Generally you can wipe the hard drive by reinstalling the OS if you have the discs. But again, the process differs depending on the OS. Google is your friend in this endeavor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Is it actually possible to knock someone out with a chop to the neck, like in the movies? | [
"Actually, yes. The arteries going up to your brain have pressure sensing bodies in them; hit these just right and your body thinks the pressure is way too high, panics briefly, and drops the pressure going in. This means your brain doesn't get enough oxygen and you can get knocked out for a few seconds. I've had i... | [
"There is technique to a head but that ensures you damage your opponent more than you damage yourself. You use the curve in your forehead as the Striking surface and you aim for their jaw nose or eyes. The curve in the top of your forehead is much stronger than the flat surface of their face and their face has a lo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
WHYYYYY do we hear a ringing sound in our ears when it's quiet and is the pitch of it the same for everyboyd? | [
"neha_is_sitting_down pointed out that a loud ringing can be abnormal. It's called tinnitus and it has a lot of causes--especially damaged cochlear nerves. However, a mild ringing is normal, and we all hear it. There's a couple of reasons. (1) our body makes noises on its own. (2) our nerves aren't perfect, and don... | [
"Finally! Something I can answer! Notice many of the things you hate to hear a very high pitched? well just think, a human scream is about 3000 hz and most of the things that people \"cringe to hear\" are around that frequency. I think you can guess why you hate it! As always, it's all because of your ancestors!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How can a spinning top stay upright while it's rotating? | [
"When something spins, it has inertia just like an automobile and just like an automobile, it is very easy to move it in certain directions in respect to the direction of the movement and difficult in other directions. The trick is that with a top, the inertia isn't all in one direction, it is in all directions alo... | [
"This isn't an exact example, but, you know how when you spin a top, it will balance on that tiny point, but once it stops spinning, it falls over? Things that are spinning are harder to push out of their orientation. This works for a bike's wheels just like it does for a rifle's bullet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
is it possible to have cancer but no tumors? | [
"Yes, the many types of leukemia are cancers of blood-producing cells in the bone marrow. This leads to a proliferation of immature white or red blood cell progenitors producing ineffective, immature, or malformed blood cells instead of normal functional white or red blood cells. These do not form solid tumours, bu... | [
"yes, if the cancer is treatable, not all cancers are treatable. also, how many people do you know that actually have yearly physicals? it's better to cure the problem than to cure the symptoms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Specifically, how does DNA code for such complex body features like the large networks of blood vessels and neurons? | [
"The answer is that that is does not. The layout of large veins and arteries are the same on everyone so how they develop are determined by the DNA. But the capillaries that connect the veins and arteries does not have predetermined shape so they grow towards areas that need oxygen. The result is that a retina have... | [
"Some cells stick together via channels and surface proteins. A lot of cells are bound in connective tissues. Collagen is the most abundant kind. There are several different types which have different properties and functions and it sort of holds everything together. Specialised cells reproduce and form the tissues... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do they bleep out just the "hole" of "asshole" on American television? | [
"because ASS is no longer considered a \"bad\" word in the US. However Asshole is still considered dirty and derogatory. Ass is like BUTT...where asshole is like calling someone a fucker."
] | [
"They don't swear much in the walking dead. Words like ass, bitch, even shit are fair game for cable channels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How are scientists able to determine the different kinds of elements, molecular substances, and other compounds inside planets, clusters, clouds, and etc when they are millions of light years away? | [
"One method is [Spectroscopic Analysis](_URL_0_). Basically, every element gives off or reflects different amounts of each shade/color of light. By observing the light they give off or reflect, we can determine what elements they are composed of."
] | [
"Not every single one, but the vast majority. Some are planets in our solar system, some are other solar system bodies like asteroids or comets, or even satellites we put up. A rare few are actually galaxies that are bright enough or near enough to be visible. Also not every star has planets, but we're learning now... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If water is not compressible, why does a pressure exists if pipe has limited volume of water ? | [
"Water is compressible; everything is. Water pressure is typically generated by having the storage tank at some height above the pipes. The static pressure in the pipes is proportional to the height."
] | [
"The level doesn't change, because any additional volume is drained into the waste line. Since the pressure is the same on both sides of the water obstruction, the liquid is free to drain off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Science:"
} |
Why do people have to vote for coroners? | [
"As far as voting for a coroner, they are an elected position. To hold office, you do not need a medical degree (be a physician). Generally, the only requirements of the job is to be able to determine if a person is dead. Some coroners positions are held by someone that studied mortuary science (often studied by f... | [
"What's a Tory, and why do so many people seem to hate them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the meaning of the word "pun"? | [
"a pun is a joke that is based on two words sounding alike. So, my personal favorite is: > I found out I've been accidentally entering an annual joke contest for the last ten years. I thought I was just mailing a friend, but every year my funny word play goes to the contest. I never won, though, not one pun in-te... | [
"I read this as \"What is an erection?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do large stores count inventory and ensure smaller items do not go missing? | [
"Most companies do something called cycle counts. Meaning, some Saturday we come in and count say 10% of our inventory (say maybe 1 row in our warehouse). Next month we'll do the 2nd row. If there's a pattern of missing stuff we do more detective work (check security cameras, point cameras to that area). We also r... | [
"Just because the shelves are never empty doesn't mean they aren't moving stock. It just means that they replenish their stock constantly. Stockers are constantly \"fronting\" the shelves to make them appear full even if they're not, and they get daily/weekly deliveries of new stock that they use to replenish old a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why aren't we always aware of the reasons for our emotions ? | [
"You're not really aware of much that goes on in your head. The brain makes a decision, then your conscious mind rationalizes that decision. One of the hardest things for me to accept was that I'm not in the driver's seat in here. I can veto decisions, but I'm not the one making them."
] | [
"Maybe because we know so little about it and even less about how to deal with those with mental illness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
When a civilian ship is asked to aid in a search and rescue operation, who covers the costs? | [
"Its considered an ancient tradition and responsibility of all seafarers to provide aid to vessels in distress, in recent times this has been enshrined in international maritime law. There is no payment, just the knowledge that others will help you if you get in trouble"
] | [
"A lot of the times the mission isn't allowed to be armed or to fight. It's often a part of the rules for being allowed into the country in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do so many Disney princesses have dead mothers? | [
"The Disney princesses are going to undergo conflict and hardship which they must overcome through the story. If their mothers are around to give advice and help out then it sort of spoils the entire arc of the plot, so they need to be out of the picture. The only way that makes it not look like their mother abando... | [
"Rule number one of business is know which demographic you're targeting. As it happens, a lot of the people who go out and get groceries for their family also masturbate to Fifty Shades of Grey."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does a broken heart hurt? | [
"The brain releases chemicals as a response to emotional stimulus. These chemical not only affect the brain but also the body so broken hearts hurt, excitement gives you butterflies, anger makes you see red, etc From an evolutionary perspective a broken heart represents a failure to secure a mate (which has a negat... | [
"And why does my beard stop at a certain length?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
The good and the bad of Greenpeace? | [
"Greenpeace did irreparable damage to the Nazca Lines during a protest, fled the country, then refused to divulge the names of those involved for extradition. That action is enough for me to call them an evil organization."
] | [
"Hung up? Its just a part of American culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do eyes get red and dry feeling after long gaming sessions? | [
"When you are focused on the game, you don't blink near as much as you normally would (I suppose its an evolutionary modification for focusing on danger). Try pausing from time to time and looking away from the computer. It really helps."
] | [
"Optometrist here! Your eyelids basically ooze really moisturizing oil whenever you blink. So the less you blink/the longer your eyes stay open, the tears on your eye are literally evaporating and exposing your eye to the air which causes that burning feeling! Super common these days the more you're on your phone o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:"
} |
How do different breeds of cats and dogs have distinct temperaments, when they're more or less of the same breed? | [
"IMO it's more of a generalization. I had a pit bull that thought she was a lap dog, gentle as could be. The same could go for humans. Irish are drunks, Asians can't drive, English have terrible teeth. We don't all fit the bill."
] | [
"Okay, so. Picture a dog (canis lupus familiaris). What dog did you picture? Actually, it doesn’t matter what breed of dog you pictured, because it’s still a dog (canis lupus familiaris) no matter if it was a schnauzer, boxer, beagle, or even chihuahua, they’re all just dogs. Those are different breeds, or strains,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Almost all 'beginner' workout programs seem to say that weight machines are horrible. So why is pretty much every gym in America filled with weight machines? | [
"* They're safer, in that they reduce the chance of either dropping weights on yourself or someone else or injuring yourself with poor form. * For casual lifters, they're often \"good enough.\" They still allow you to get bigger and stronger, arguably to the full extent that many people want to. * They're unintimid... | [
"It is, kind of. But for things like that, you tend to just grab whatever is handy and plentiful. At home, weight plates are a reasonably expensive rarity. At the gym, they are in excess. It's relative."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What causes an animal to recognize themselves in a mirror? | [
"It isn't testing consciousness it is testing self awareness. One factor is to be an animal whose visual process is high. Dogs cannot recognize their self in a mirror but they do recognize their own scent. So they may have a sense of self just as apes and other animals do."
] | [
"Yup, it's a thing. Some animals are a lot more sensitive to environmental changes than others. It's the same idea behind a canary in a coal mine, basically."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If I develop a website for a wedding photographer, the website belongs to the photographer, because it's a work for hire. Why, then, if he takes photos of my wedding, do the photos not belong to me? | [
"You could work out a contract with a photographer where they assigned the copyright to you. But most photographers don't do it that way because reasons. Mostly because if you ever wanted reprints back before digital they could charge whatever they wanted."
] | [
"Public domain means the opposite of what you're imagining, when something is in public domain it means anyone can freely use it for any purpose (including profit) without needing to pay anyone. Anyone can take a book or movie or song that's in public domain and sell it without needing to pay royalties or fees."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do most states use a combination of drugs to perform a lethal injection execution? Wouldn't it be just as effective and painless to use a lethal amount of morphine or some sort of anesthesia? | [
"A thing to remember is that it takes a lot of morphine and anesthesia to kill. This means you are using a lot of medication that has better use. Another issue is that many drug companies will commonly stop selling a drug to a State or anyone living in a State if they are used for executions. To have that occur wi... | [
"Firing squads aim for the heart, not the head. In any case, all blunt-force executions can be considered inhumane because they can result in gore. The lethal injection is only controversial in the USA, because of the particular drug cocktail used, which may or may not be leaving people conscious but paralyzed whil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did Mozart/Bach/Beethoven etc. know how to write music for entire symphonies without knowing how to play every instrument? | [
"ELI5: All you need to know is the sound you want to hear, and how to get the musicians to play that sound. You don't need to know how to make it yourself. It's similar to how you can get a computer to solve complicated math for you, but can't write it out in binary yourself. Express what you want in a common langu... | [
"If you didn't care about the exact notes, just a rough approximation, an experienced pianist could play it after hearing it once. However, most experienced pianist prefer the exact notes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are inmates on death row for so long? | [
"Aside from the literal struggle to obtain the lethal injection drugs, the legal process includes nine total steps, the first being a direct appeal which is given to everyone sentenced to death. From there, post-conviction proceedings can take place with the second stage of the appellate process. That's when defend... | [
"You're placed on a mandatory 72 hour suicide watch if you are in Texas, I'm not sure about anywhere else."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Law and Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do TV reality/(cooking) competitions do those scenes where the contestants/actors go off scene and make a private comment to the audience? | [
"Those are shot afterward. They basically air the footage for them off screen and ask them to narrate, describe what was going on, what they were feeling, to provide the commentary."
] | [
"I have an anecdotal answer for you. Several years ago, I spent a while working with a guy who won a season of the Israeli Survivor. Talking about how \"real\" it was, he said that all the tasks and results were legit, but that they often reenacted them shortly after they finished to allow the camera crew to get be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Terrence Howard's "proof" of 1x1=2 | [
"It's extremely complex gibberish involving a made-up language, so detached from reality it really cannot be simplified in any meaningful manner. Best just read him explaining it h[imself in his infamous Rolling Stone interview.](_URL_0_?)"
] | [
"I'm sorry, but what do you mean by the \"failure\" of Citizen Kane?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The sticker parking lot system in Better Call Saul? | [
"1 sticker = 30 minutes of parking time. You need 1 sticker for every 30 minutes, plus 1 for rolling into the next 30 minute interval. So, if you park for 2 hours and 45 minutes, you need 5 stickers for 2hrs and 30 min, and 1 more for bleeding 15 minutes into the next interval."
] | [
"Because curfew happens when State of emergency declared."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When a bug gets caught in my car and gets out after I drive it very far away, what does it do? | [
"Insects have pretty simple brains. You can think of them like robots. Stimulus, response. Solitary insects like files will just re-engage their food-or-mate seeking program, none the wiser. Bees, though, have a home base and a navigation system (basically a memory-based map of where they have flown) to get them ba... | [
"The real karma is seeing them after they bite someone with high blood sugar levels. My husband is type 1 diabetic. If a mosquito bites him when his sugar levels are high she can't fly straight anymore and will even start ramming walls over and over."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the night rear view mirror work? Like when you tilt it down and all the reflections are dimmer... | [
"Generally for mirrors, whatever light is not reflected is transmitted through the mirror (unless it is absorbed by the mirror). The rear view mirror consists of a tilted low-reflective mirror and a highly reflective mirror in the back. For daytime, you see the light going through the low-reflective mirror, bouncin... | [
"Its the same reason why that when you take a picture of a friend close up at night with the flash on, that the entire background is black. there subjects are so bright that the camera doesnt collect enough light from the surrounding stuff so it doesnt show up. Think of it like when you are on a highway at night an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about science:"
} |
Why does Nintendo always get the shaft from Third Party Developers? | [
"They have highly specialized hardware that makes it harder to develop cross-platform games. Developers want to spend their resources on games that they can sell on multiple platforms, and with how expensive and time consuming game development has become, it's more important than ever to get as many audiences to bu... | [
"Developers, well, develop games. Artwork, graphics, engines, the story-line, everything is created by the developers. The publishers are the ones who release the game, do the marketing/advertising, and make sure the game is known. Certain developers cannot afford to do all the development and marketing at the same... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Video games:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Video games:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How was Hellen Keller able to learn how to communicate? | [
"She first learned by her teacher giving her objects to feel and then writing the names of the objects into her palm. She learned to speak by putting her fingers on her teacher's nose, mouth, and throat to feel the vibrations and then try to copy them."
] | [
"It's not easy, and it can depend on the individual case. If one sense lasted longer than the other (ie: they went blind when they were a child, but lost their hearing due to a loud noise in their 30s) then they might retain the ability to talk and have some coping mechanisms through touch; similarly if they were d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What toxins do those cleanse diets and pills remove. | [
"None. We have organs in our bodies, as you mentioned, to do the job for us. The cleanse diets/pills are just woo."
] | [
"Well that depends very strongly on what you mean by \"as advertised\" Do they smell nice and those smells can influence your mood? Yes Do some of them have health benefits or are they good for skin and hair care? Yes Are they some magical cure-all that that can be used instead of real medicine? Absolutely not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why has the US Govt been buying up ammunition en masse? | [
"The U.S. Government has always bought, and will always have to buy, ammunition. We can't have our brothers and sisters in the Armed Forces, Border Patrol Agents, US Marshals, FBI, DEA, Secret Service, etc. going around using nothing but knives and slingshots. Those agencies require the ammunition to train and take... | [
"Civil war, Saudi Arabia backing the faction which is aligned with them and in the process senselessly/carelessly slaughtering civilians while also causing a famine/mass starvation. The U.S.A. is providing Saudi Arabia with a huge arsenal of weapons (bombs). Recently it was leaked that the U.S. involvement in the Y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does the numbering system mean with PC application versions? Why is it likely to see a sequence like 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, rather than 1, 2, 3, 4? | [
"A little analog: When you have your first place to live (house, apartment and so on) that would be version 1.0. If you were to make changes to it, like renewing the kitchen, then you get 1.1. So after a few years, after much work of making change you could and up with let's say 1.12. But then you home to somewhere... | [
"It can be generalized as k(n) = k(n-1) + k(n-2). Basically, each term is the sum of the two preceding terms. So, you might see it as 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, etc: 1+1 =2, 1+2=3, 2+3=5, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about mathematics:"
} |
Why can't we just make submarines thicker so we can dive farther? | [
"We can and we did: _URL_0_ There is nowhere deeper we can dive on this planet."
] | [
"Yes they can. They can't leave them flooded because you have to load the torpedoes from inside the pressure hull."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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