query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
If pain is just being felt "in your brain," why do different types of pain feel different? (A cut vs a burn?) | [
"All your senses are \"just being felt in your brain\". So the reason why pain can feel different is the same as why different food can taste different. Your senses are more complicated than just on or off."
] | [
"Just a warning. Pain can happen when nothing is wrong. Take for example the pins and needles feeling. That's usually due to \"pressure neuropathy,\" which is just when you press on your pain nerves, they fire weird. Sometimes people feel pain for no reason at all. Others are born without the ability to feel pain.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the Federal DOT standard for road markings and signs not compulsory? | [
"Federal standards for roads only apply to interstate roads. All Intrastate roads (the majority of them) set their standards at the State, County, and city level. To attempt to have the Federal standards enforced over State standards for intrastate road would be the Federal Government overstepping their authority ... | [
"There are strict requirements around how the signs can be set up. Your lights don't meet the requirements set forth in the applicable laws regulating vehicle lighting."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are most diamonds (two thirds) found in Africa? | [
"Diamonds are formed very deep inside the Earth, as you need heat and pressure to make them from carbon. For them to be pushed close to the surface, you need a particularly deep and powerful volcanic eruption. Not the Hawaii, flowing lava type, but something explosive that would rip a mountaintop apart, think along... | [
"In terms of manufacturing, diamonds are valuable because of their hardness. They can be used in drills, etc. In terms of jewelry, they are expensive because the company De Beers controls the diamond market basically like a monopoly. In the end, diamonds are not as rare as their price suggests, even after polishi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Whats happening when I pull the skin on my lower back and it makes a popping sound? | [
"...What? I've never heard of this. Do you have a video example?"
] | [
"Don't know why but if you stretch out your leg and pull your toes back towards your shin it will make the cramp instantly go away. This has saved me so many times."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Theoretically water's boiling point should be 202F at 5,330 feet yet it boils at 206F in my kitchen. Why? | [
"That temperature is to do with standard air pressure so either the air pressure is higher where you are (due to e.g. weather or air conditioning) or your thermometer is out of calibration. Also, that temperature is for just water, if you are in an area with hard water, the boiling temperature will be a little high... | [
"That's just an average. As a comparative, this year's earth's average is 33.56 °F (0.87 °C). Barely above water freezing point. A few decades ago this number was below freezing. A summer day on Mars may get up to 70 °F (20 °C) near the equator. Warm enough for liquid water, with or without salts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
has moving large amounts of matter in the form of iron from below the surface of the earth to on or above the surface affected the planet’s rotational speed just as a figure skater spins slower with their arms extended? | [
"Yes, but not noticeably. The earth's spin has probably been more affected by the space dust it collects on a daily basis."
] | [
"Because they knew air was a substance by the 17th century and they knew the atmosphere gradually got thinner the higher you went up on mountains. We also understood orbital mechanics, Earth's orbit would gradually decay and fall into the sun if it was not in a vacuum"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
I before E, except after C. Why are some words excused, like the word "Weird"? | [
"This rule always applies except for when you run a feist heist on a weird beige foreign neighbour, I think there is actually more exceptions to this rule than cases that follow it"
] | [
"There are seven words in the english language that do this: Potatoes Tomatoes Embargoes Echoes Heroes Torpedoes Vetoes That is just how they were originally spelt. As for photos, it's short for photographs making it an adopted \"slang\" word."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are big guys tough (or at least portrayed so in media)? | [
"The old adage 'the bigger they are the harder they fall' is just a feel good statement. The reality is that the bigger a person is the more power it takes to hurt them and the more power that can deliver. Just think about professional fights, they all have weight classes. 160lbs people do not fight 200lbs people ... | [
"For the same reason they're socially acceptable in movies, television, advertising, video games and literature - because they sell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Entertainment:"
} |
Why doesn't Italy seem to get the same share of responsibility for World War II as Germany or Japan? | [
"I think it's mostly that Italy did so shittily in WWII that they never really invaded much of anything else. Germany took over France and a huge amount of Eastern Europe, Japan took over a substantial chunk of China and much of Southeast Asia. What did Italy take over? They failed to invade Egypt and they needed t... | [
"Because they like the French more than the Turks, it's closer to home and this happens far more often in Turkey than it does in western Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do bananas grow with a curve? | [
"They do this because bananas are negatively geo-tropic. This means that they grow away from the pull of gravity, as opposed to turning upward toward the sun. Because the Cavendish bunch is quite large and hangs almost straight down, the bananas generally have an even bend in them all the way round the bunch."
] | [
"Cucumbers and Avocados have their seeds on the inside. Strawberries have their seeds on the outside. Bananas are also technically berries, because when we don't breed them to be seedless their seeds are on the inside too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is "E" not a part of the standard letter grading system? | [
"Because the scale ends at D. ABCD are letter grades. F stands for \"Fail\" and just happens to be two letters after D but it isn't that E was skipped."
] | [
"I don't think there is such thing. For example, there are several equally valid notations for derivative."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How is it that everyone seems to have their own style of handwriting that all look so different from each other? | [
"Everyone has different brains which control their bodies differently, and hands are indeed part of the body."
] | [
"Every person is a special little snowflake. While we maybe very similar, we are also different. The way our bodies work differs a little person to person."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Where did the stereotype for Vikings come from? | [
"From the people whose monasteries they burned down and stole from. *Norsemen* were relatively peaceful. All vikings, by definition, were warlike because viking was a job description for pirates, not a society."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How Come Certain Hair On Your Body Only Grows A Certain Length | [
"all your hair grows continuously. It's just your hair on your head has a longer cycle of growth and then death and regrowth then your body hair, so on average it'll be longer then your body hair (unless you cut it of course). Now why that cycle is shorter is another question I'll leave to someone else."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does some food retain heat much longer than others. Ive been cooking my whole life and sometimes if I roast meat and vegetable variety some vegetables are too hot to eat even if the meat is barely warm. | [
"In general everything has a rate of heat absorbtion and dissipation, things that get hit faster also cool faster and things that take longer to heat are slower to release the energy. This will mostly be a combination of the materials density and makeup, but for foods the easiest observation would be water density.... | [
"You have to add some moister to the meat, the buns need to be removed from the meat and it has to be reheated. The heat from the meat will cause the buns to become stiff as it cooks the buns when it wrapped up. So the best thing to do is to remove the buns and place them in a baggie and put them on the counter, th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Food:"
} |
How, psychologically and sociologically, do cold-blooded organizations like ISIS emerge? | [
"Fear. You are scared they will hurt you. They are searching you for dissent. You will be found and then you become the target. Thus, you commit atrocities. Lots of German soldiers had severe ptsd for stuff they had to do. Relatives included. They do not like what they did, but it was their family or yours. Always ... | [
"Because crying is a defense mechanism to get the attention of stronger members of the herd to come to your aid. Something which we're arguably both socially conditioned and biologically predisposed to do less as we mature into adulthood and can handle ourselves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are people able to achieve Arbitrary Code Execution on games like Super Mario World? | [
"When looking at computer data, commands that are to be executed are stored in the same way as data that the commands can refer to. Because that's the case, it is possible to set-up certain blocks of data to resemble code commands. By absuing certain glitches that the programmers didn't account for, it is then poss... | [
"Because they weren't written for it. Though they appear similar, computers can be as different as consoles as time moves on. What you're asking is akin to \"Why can't I play Playstation 1 games on my PS4?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does "turning it off then on" fix most of the problems? | [
"Anything with a computer, the computer can sometimes end up in an abnormal state which makes it behave strange. This can be due to a software error, a hardware error, or a combination of both. In any case, turning it off then turning it back on resets the computer to a known, usable state as well as reloading all ... | [
"I guess for your battery is not that bad. Devices are made to run all the time. What can happen is that your software gets buggy. Normally if you have a software problem, you can shut the phone down and restart it and your problem is solved. But it isn't a problem for the hardware if you never shut your phone down... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Mods of This Subreddit Don't Respond to User Criticisms? | [
"i can tell you from personal experience, the mods of this subreddit aren't nice at all. I've also got a friend who confirmed my doubts with a similar story. I've had great conversations with mods from other subs. bottomline, don't expect anything nice outta this place except the occasional sensible question. the m... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If Crabs out grow their shell and get a bigger shell where do the shells come from in the first place? | [
"They make it. Crabs (and most arthropods) shed the old armored layer, then the layer underneath hardens into a new one with more space for crab innards. Unless you're talking about hermit crabs, they use shells from other animals and trade up as necessary."
] | [
"The shell is basically their rib cage. The ridge down the middle is their spine, the sold back is fused ribs, as is the solid chest piece Just like your bones, their shell grows with them as they age. Also like you, their soft body can get much larger or smaller depending on how much they eat and it won't change t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why it is so painful to bite on tin foil when you have fillings? | [
"Think of your body as a battery. Believe it or not, there is an electrical signal running through it. (This is why you are able to interact with touch screens and conduct static currents) So keeping this in mind, biting into tin foil completes an electrical circuit in your body, and the energy runs through the se... | [
"If teeth go bad they start to decay on the inside; a root canal is when a dentist drills into the tooth and scrapes out all the nerves so you don't feel the tooth anymore, and cleans out the soft matter around the root of the tooth so there's nothing there to rot and get infected. Edit- source- I had a root canal ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can't the president just reduce the tax rates of middle income Americans, and increase it on people who are already wealthy by the same amount? | [
"Because the president doesn't have the power to do that. He'd have to ask Congress, and Congress would say no."
] | [
"Their views on economic policy will effect the direction the country goes in if they're elected. And the amount of money they have and the amount of money they pay in taxes will steer their ideas of solid tax policy. If you look at the current story, Romney is paying about a 15%tax rate. That's a lower rate than m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do we feel like we need to stretch our arms and legs when we're tired? | [
"> Circulation! Stretching improves blood circulation in your muscles which helps your body regulate your heart rate (for sleeping or waking up), and it feels GREAT! Don't listen to the BS about calcium in your bones (/u/calzoner), its nonsense. [This thread](_URL_0_) [This reply](_URL_0_cc5i328) Moral of the story... | [
"Your body is mostly paralyzed while you sleep, which does most of the work, but that doesn't always work, I used to roll of the bed quite often when I was young."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why doesn't wind cause the air pollution in China to disperse? | [
"Because the sources of that air pollution are pumping it out faster than the wind can carry it away. There may also be some temperature inversions inhibiting sir movement, depending on the season and specific location."
] | [
"It's not air pollution. It has to do with the way light refracts on particles in our atmosphere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why crab and lobster etc shells turn bright orange when heated | [
"[From the first google result](_URL_0_): > Lobsters and crabs have a pigment called astaxanthin in their shells. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment: absorbing blue light and appearing red, orange or yellow in color. While the crustaceans are alive, astaxanthin lies wrapped in the tight embrace of a protein called... | [
"There is a gland in shellfish that as soon as the animal dies, it starts to make the meat taste very much like ammonia. It doesn't take very long at all to ruin a lobster or crab, if it dies before you cook it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why did Red Bull spend so much in Project Stratos? Why don't they just spend it on TV ads? | [
"It's not just about advertisement. Red Bull seems to honestly care about sport progression, and technological innovation. This is more experiment than it is advertisement."
] | [
"Because that company hasn't paid for advertising. TV sells ad space, so why are they going to give it away to some random company for free."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do dogs and cats have tails? | [
"Cats and dogs use their tails for communication. Nordic dogs use their tails to curl over their faces in winter, protecting their noses from frostbite and windburn, and warming the air before they breathe it in. Cats use their tails as rudders when they fall to help them twist and land on their feet. Both dogs and... | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:"
} |
How do cell towers know the direction to send data for phone calls and texts? | [
"cell towers are not omni-directional. Rather they have three faces ( essentially a triangle when viewed from above). Which ever face of antenna picks up your signal will be the one it's broadcast out on."
] | [
"Cell towers have more power than a phone, so \"tower to phone\" is more reliable than \"phone to tower\". For example, if you are close to your tower and the other person is far away from their tower, they can hear you fine, but their return signal may have trouble reaching the tower."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:"
} |
Why do fan knobs go from 0-3-2-1? | [
"It is hard to start a motor, it would take a long long time to start on low. Going 0 3 2 1 let's the fan start on High which gets it up to speed in a timely manner"
] | [
"What is a dangerous level? Most ACs cant go below a certain temperature and heat can't go above a certain point. My AC maxxes out at 64F and the heat maxxes out at 89F"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Salt is necessary for life. Water is necessary for life. Why is salt water so toxic to us? | [
"I assume you are referring to the salt water that makes up the world's oceans. The answer is “because the concentration of salt in seawater is very high.” The FDA recommends adults consume about 3000 milligrams of salt per day. That's not an ironclad limit, but it's just a number they came up with years ago. That'... | [
"It is about the amount of salt in relation to the amount of water. You can eat a few grains of salt, however this makes you thirsty as you need to drink water to compensate. Even wonder why bars have a lot of salty snacks and is often willing to hand them out for free? You can also drink salt water, unless it is t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what do people conducting psychological experiments do to account for people trying to mess up their experiment? | [
"A double blind experiment. You don't tell the people performing the test or the people being tested exactly what you're testing for. It removes the bias from either side."
] | [
"Other than not very well... They measure a bunch of biological responses to stress such as heart rate, blood pressure, ect. The individual giving the test monitors the stress responses to questions to determine if the individual is trying to invent a plausible lie or is afraid of being caught in one. Again, these ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are old iPhones so much slower? | [
"Newer versions of iOS require more processing and more ram to maintain the same usability. New versions of iOS are designed to make the latest generation look flashy, last gen look aging and older phones unusable to encourage people to buy the latest phone. Otherwise apple would go out of business."
] | [
"Because an outdated OS version is a potential threat to security. If you're no longer receiving patches, you can be targeted by new exploits. People are essentially blackmailed to buy a new phone even when the old phone's hardware is fully functional. There's nothing except high end games that an old S4, or even S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens when you receive unexpected medical services while visiting a foreign country? | [
"Travel insurance or you agree to pay. Was hospitalised in Bangkok a few years ago, I was pretty sure my travel insurance wouldn't cover it so I had to give them my credit card before they would treat me. To their credit, the standard of medical care I received was as good or better than I would have had at home. G... | [
"You will be paying off a lot of credit card debt while living in a different country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can you understand how a disease is effecting you, but your body doesnt know how to deal with it? Cancer for example. Why can we not direct our own body within to attack the growth. Which our mind knows will inevidbly kill us, why is the body ignoring our commands in this sence? | [
"There's no connection between your mind and certain things about your body like your immune system which fights disease. Your body is only capapable of doing so much to fight something like cancer, and just because you understand cancer in your mind, doesn't mean your body can do anything about it. Your immune sys... | [
"Ah. But cancer is a mutation or rather usually a combination of mutations in ONLY the cancer cells. Yes there are only limited to no 'cures' for systemic genetic diseases, you can usually only treat the symptoms not the source of the disease and hope for the best. But Cancer isnt a systemic genetic diseases, it is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If Salt is considered natural anticeptic/antibiotic, how is it that life began from the salty oceans? | [
"It has to do with the quantity of salt involved. If you throw a cell into a cup of salt water 3 things can happen. If there's the same salt in the cell and water, there is no change (this is called an isotonic solution). If there's more salt in the cell than in the water, then water passes through the cell membran... | [
"It is so high in sugar that organisms don't have enough moisture to live. The sugar is hydrophilic and will suck the water out of bacteria that encounter it. Basically the same idea behind salting meat, except that uses salt of course."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are Middle Eastern airlines (Turkish Airlines, Emirates, etc.) more successful than European carriers (Lufthansa, Air France, etc.)? | [
"Quite simple: they're less successful. [Middle Eastern airlines are state subsidized, as a way of boosting the global image of their host nations.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"It's called code sharing I believe. In airline partnerships like star alliance (United, Lufthansa, Air Canada, etc.), every carrier can sell seats on every other carrier's flights, so you don't have to book, for example, one leg of your trip on United's website and another leg on Lufthansa's website. In order to d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Whats happening when we get tired while exercising? In theory, shouldn't we be able to keep going as long as an energy source and oxygen are available to our cells/muscles? | [
"The real ELI5 answer to your question is this: Oxygen *isn't* available to all your muscle cells. Your lungs/heart/blood aren't good enough to keep your muscles supplied with optimal oxygen 100% of the time while exercising (although cardio helps to improve this, hence the name). Because of this lack of oxygen, yo... | [
"Because you aren't doing enough cardio... ;) But seriously, whats happening is actually going on in the muscle that controls tour lungs called the diaphragm. As it becomes tired, there is a buildup of lactic acid that causes a burning sensation. Lactic acid is produced my muscles as a sort of alternative to oxygen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Health and Fitness:"
} |
Why do dogs tilt their heads when hearing certain sounds or when they are watching something? | [
"I remember this being asked on one of the subs before. believe the general answer was that tilting their head helps them focus on the specific sound in order to hear it better."
] | [
"I did read an article some time ago (sorry, no link) that talked about how because of cohabitation for such a long time between dogs and humans, that they were beginning to be able to understand each other on an emotional level. But honestly, we don't really know. Dogs might be able to smell out pheromones, and m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Animal behavior:"
} |
Why are cell phones excluded from directory listings? | [
"I used to work for a phone book publisher. Telephone directories for land lines are a regulatory requirement going back decades. It's part of the tariffs. That's the reason that, if you have a landline, you still get a phone book, even though phone books aren't nearly as profitable as they used to be. I mean, they... | [
"Sounds like some form of caller ID. Perhaps even if you don't pay for such a service, the company pays for a version of it where their name will show up instead of their number, for advertising purposes. Out of curiosity, which company's name came up?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that some people's eyes change colors with the seasons or , as it seems, randomly. | [
"Young people's (children) eyes may change as they grow up depending on which genes are \"superior\", which explains why some people are born with blue eyes and end up with brown eyes. About the whole \"eyes that change with seasons\", that along with \"eyes that change with temperature/mood/weather/etc\", isn't tr... | [
"This is caused by a chemical your brain releases during more pleasurable moments known as dopamine. This chemical is what makes people happy when they eat, laugh, listen to music, etc. When the release occurs you occasionally get goosebumps from it. I'm not sure on why it happens more often with movies or music th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why do we still use glass on our phones? Am I naive or has technology still not developed a stronger, harder, crack-resistant material to use on electronic displays. | [
"Glass vs. plastic: glass is stronger, plastic is more flexible. Glass will break, plastic will scratch. Both glass and plastic can be improved to overcome their respective weakness, but it's still a choice to make. Note that the opposite choice was made for eyewear: most modern \"glasses\" are plastic rather than ... | [
"Glass is non-porus, flat, and not easily scratched with razors, credit cards, etc. I'm sure there are tons of other surfaces they could use, but glass is common and works."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How come when I use "End Task" programs that aren't responding close instantly but when I "X" out of them it takes a while | [
"Analogy: Pressing the X is telling the program that it's fired and kindly ask it on clear its desk and be out of the building by close of business hours. Using \"End Task\" is calling building security and having them tossed out immediately."
] | [
"The only difference I am aware of is that, if you tick the \"launch on startup\" box then although it will start it will not appear in the \"Start\" folder so you will not have a visual reminder that it is running. It will also be a *little* bit more complicated to stop it running on start up whereas otherwise it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't we lie the economy better? | [
"It certainly would, its pretty much illegal though. Wall Street firms do this all the time to put things in motion to make more money (they usually don't get caught--we think)."
] | [
"If we didn't, there would be no one to ask the question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does chapstick/lip balm work? | [
"Ideally they are supposed to moisturize your lips so they don't feel dry and chapped. A lot of products contain menthol and the sensation of cooling feels soothing. However, a lot of products also contain alcohols that dry out your skin. What this accomplishes is it makes you reapply frequently so that your lips f... | [
"Lotion absorbs more quickly to moisturize, while Chapstick is formulated to seal in moisture (it's waxier). It'd be kind of gross to put pants on after applying Chapstick to your legs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do publicly traded companies care about their stock price after an IPO? | [
"* Many executives are paid in equity. * Higher prices make it more difficult for people to earn a controlling share in the company * Valuation is a factor considered by lending institutions if the company wants to borrow money"
] | [
"In the short term it has no effect. Over time, it affects their ability to raise funds, since they can issue more stock as a way to bring in some cash. Eventually, a low stock price angers investors, who may demand a change in leadership staff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why aren't seatbelts installed on buses? | [
"They aren't needed. The size and mass of the bus will protect you. The cost of the seat belts helps drive the decision to just not use them. They typically serve no additive function and studies have shown they don't make the buses any more safe. In a car the seat belt protects you from the dashboard, windshield ... | [
"Because wheelchairs don't abide by the legal requirement of seating strength on aircraft. In the case of a minor accident you might be more hurt because you were in your chair than if you were in a standard airline chair - at which point the airline is negligent. EDIT: It's also expensive having a space large eno... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is "good" in goodbye. | [
"It's actually derived from \"God\". God be with you = > Godbwye = > Goodbye."
] | [
"what do you mean by \"besides the FDA\"?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is propositional and non-propositional knowledge? (Philosophy) | [
"Propositional knowledge is [descriptive knowledge,](_URL_0_) things you know that you could state in words. Non-propositional knowledge (a less-common phrase) is things you know that could not be stated that way, such as how to run up a staircase."
] | [
"Meta-cognition is cognition about cognition. Meta-Linguistics is language about language. Meta-Philosophy is philosophy about philosophy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it so hard to clench your fists after you've woke up? | [
"Usually I have that issue because I sleep on my side, which puts pressure on my arms and they don't get enough circulation. If you sleep on your back, not sure... Another possbility is your muscles simply aren't fully awake yet, since it's pretty hard to do pushups straight out of bed and other strength- based act... | [
"I don't know the why exactly, but I think it's because you've strained the muscles and they're trying to heal. My hands shake when I finish rock climbing as well because the muscles are so sore. Sorry it's not very helpful"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are directors considered the "masterminds" behind movies? Don't the writers and producers contribute more to the movie's plot and aesthetics? | [
"Writers contribute dialogue, narrative, theme, etc. Producers contribute money, mostly. Directors, on the other hand, take the input of writers and other creatives working on the film, as well as the talent of the actors themselves, and try to shape that into an artistic expression. They are the ones who can have ... | [
"The producer hires the director, the writers, oversees casting, etc. Basically they hire the people who actually make the show, and sometimes give a lot of input into the process. The director is responsible for overseeing creation of the individual episodes: overseeing the script, directing cameras, coaching the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do dogs love catching things like balls and frisbees? | [
"When we first domesticated dogs we bred them to keep traits we liked and lose ones we didn't. Dogs that could fetch something (usually a bird or other animal killed by a hunter) where useful and thus we bred dogs who fetched."
] | [
"Cats don't like eating mice, per se. They hunt mice for the sake of hunting. I have a cat toy with fluffy pom-pom thingers on the end of it. Cat loves batting at it and chewing it. I wouldn't say my cat likes to eat pom-poms. Also, cats have *way* less taste buds than we do. Anything sufficiently meat-ish tasting... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is it legal for someone to have more deposited into an account than their W-2 states was earned? | [
"Money is allowed to come from places other than your one job. Plenty of people have more than one job (bringing in multiple W-2s or 1099s). Plenty of other people have a side business that brings in money. And plenty of other people get gifts from friends and family, which sometimes takes the form of cash. If you... | [
"W-4 is your tax withholdings. This tells your employer how much of your paycheck they take out to pay to the government. You have to fill this out every year and every time you start a new position with a new employer. W-2 is how much income you have been paid for the calendar year, how much you paid in taxes, soc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are there benefits to having few large exams over frequent smaller exams? In high school we often had frequent smaller exams, but in college it's mostly been 1-3 exams per semester. | [
"Frequent exams : Constant evaluation of progress Large exams : Less time wasted on evaluating and more actually educating"
] | [
"I do not know how Europe does things, but in the US credit value of a class is generally calculated by the number of hours you are in the class during a week. Standard classes meet for 3 hours a week so get 3 credits, but some classes such as performance ensembles in music or theater, or labs in the sciences gener... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we still not know why we yawn? | [
"Correction, we do. It's an evolutionary trait that we seem to have inherited. The trait can be seen today in the African savanna, among antelopes and similar herd animals. When one of the heard sees something suspicious they yawn or do some other action that alerts the rest of the herd, and keeps everyone on their... | [
"How do you know that you don't sneeze in your sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The following questions about Facebook | [
"I'd actually like to clear up: \"I get that Facebook mines data from your posts and sells it to corporations.\" It's not entirely true. It's not nearly that creepy. In fact, anyone can see exactly how the information is being using by companies just by creating a facebook ad. Its more like you set a criteria lik... | [
"Those within the company that own that stock."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is it considered "healthy" for your heart to work it by say, running - but "unhealthy" to sustain increased heart rate by say, stimulant drugs? (Assuming duration of increased HR and rate itself are the same) | [
"Increased heart rate is not the entire goal of exercise. It's simply an easily measured effect of working out. What your doctor really wants you to do is get an adequate level of exercise and the easy way to measure that you're in the right range of activity is through your heart rate."
] | [
"No matter how much training a person does, there are still periods of rest and recovery during that training. No one has an elevated blood pressure level for a solid 8 hours, no matter how much training they do. Another factor: training elevates your heart rate, making the heart stronger. Elevated blood pressure ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is being transgender not considered sexist? | [
"It isn't about the things you like to do, it's about who you feel you are. These things are quite different. Like you said, if a boy wants to play with barbies or a girl wants a toy gun, whatever! It doesn't have anything to do with being transgender. I think the confusion for you might be coming from the fact tha... | [
"Having gender dysphoria and being trans are the same thing really."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do the rich get richer ? | [
"Rich people don't just have high incomes, but a lot of wealth too (in the form of money or assets). They can invest this wealth (in property, stocks, venture capitalism etc.) to generate more wealth in addition to whatever they earn as income. They can also use this wealth to lobby politicians for favourable polic... | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are all languages descended from the same language that existed scores of thousands of years ago? If not, how did separate 'lineages' arise on their own? | [
"No one knows for sure. There are at least 27 distinct sets of word origins that have been cataloged, and there is simply not enough historic data to show for sure if they had a common ancestor long ago. Some theorize that they did, but experts are quite skeptical. [Source.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"All humans evolved from the same primates in Africa, and then moved out to colonize the entire planet, adapting to their environments through subtle mutations and getting slight genetic variations over time. Theoretically, all humans can trace back their lineage together."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
Why is circumcision so popular in the United States and not the rest of the world? | [
"Non-religious circumcision appeared as a fad in the 1800s as people were trying to cure the world of the scourge of masturbation. In part of the effort to promote it claims of cleanliness and freedom from perversion moved around the culture, particularly in the American midwest. It's not entirely clear why it surv... | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Circumcision in the US:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Circumcision in the US:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why/how does congestion dilute one's sense of taste? | [
"When you're congested you can't smell anything, your nose is blocked up. As such, you lose part of your sense of flavor not taste. Your sense of taste is purely based on the taste buds in your mouth on your tongue and palate. However, the accustomed sense of flavor is a combination of your sense of smell and your ... | [
"What exactly do you mean with 'stronger'? The exchange rate has nothing to do with a currencies strength."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does gear shifting works? | [
"[This post helped me understand more than anything else, hope it helps you too.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Just a clarification I'd like to make here, most things do have a gearbox. Even if there's only one gear, there's still a gearbox. I think what you might be asking is more along the lines of \"Why do boats/planes/submarines only have one gear?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are most WWII photos in black in white since color photography has been around since the 1800s? | [
"This is a concept I like to mention to people when a question like this comes up. It's not when a technology is **invented** that's important, it's when it's **affordable** and **easily available**."
] | [
"Because way back when, that was the only way we knew how to make TVs. And even when we had the technology, most the of the broadcasts were in black and white, so it didn't make sense to switch right away. And even when most of the broadcasts were in color, black and white TVs were a lot cheaper. Color TV as it exi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do beverages like Coke or Energy drinks require nutritional facts printed on the label but beer cans and wine bottles do not? | [
"They're regulated by different agencies, which have different rules. The basic idea, though, is that the government doesn't want to encourage the idea that alcoholic beverages are a food."
] | [
"\"why\". They simply can just not put it on their website. There is no law or regulation stating that their website must contain nutrition facts and information. They could put up cat pictures on their website if they wanted. In store, depending on the state, there are some regulations about revealing the contents... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If I file a restraining order against someone, what prevents me from "abusing" the order aka "trolling" the person by following them where they go? | [
"Cop here: The restraining order will usually specifically say not to, or you risk invalidating it. Alternatively, the restraining order may essentially work both ways, so you'd be in violation. Generally if the situation occurs where you show up to a public place they already are, they are not obligated to leave a... | [
"Restraining orders can only be obtained by a court order, so the person who wants the restraining order on someone else would have to convince a judge at a hearing. AFAIK, those hearings can be attended by the person it's being sought against in all cases, though there may be exceptions. However, the courts don't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do fashion shows display outrageous outfits and clothing? | [
"I find it easier to think of the outlandish fashion shows as being more about art than fashion. They're using fabric and the human body much as a painter would use paint and canvas."
] | [
"The clothes on the catwalks- generally speaking- aren't intended to be purchased whatsoever, nor are they really intended to even be worn by people. The crazy fashion you see at haute couture shows can be more compared to, say, a sculpture or fine arts piece. It's about the designer's vision, not the wearer. You'r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't we publish a book from the best posts of this subreddit? | [
"I think that's a brilliant idea. If someone runs with it and wants a professional editor on board, count me in!"
] | [
"How do we tag this thread and responses for the best-of-the-year roundup? This is a great unique question and the answers are very interesting."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why apple released iOS 6 maps when it obviously wasn't ready for release. | [
"Because google refused to license turn by turn, which was a HUGE feature. Apple had been trying to get turn by turn built in for years but they could never come to an agreement. Also, google changed it's pricing from wholesale licensing to pay-per-use, which would make the maps more expensive. On top of that, goog... | [
"Because an outdated OS version is a potential threat to security. If you're no longer receiving patches, you can be targeted by new exploits. People are essentially blackmailed to buy a new phone even when the old phone's hardware is fully functional. There's nothing except high end games that an old S4, or even S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does Chrome take up so much memory even after I've closed a lot of tabs? | [
"Programmer's often feel that a program doesn't need to free memory as long as you have some free. What if you decided that you wanted to re-open one or more of the tabs that you closed? Chrome can do it faster if it keeps those tabs in memory, and it won't slow your computer down as long as it doesn't use more mem... | [
"It doesn't auto-refresh. When you load a website, all the information you downloaded gets moved to your browsers cache. The cache is special memory that browsers use. On a PC your cache can be in the hundreds of megabytes. On your smartphone however it is very limited. Your iPhone loads a webpage and places it i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do I taste a difference from different brands of mineral water? | [
"Different mineral concentrations, even slight ones, can dramatically affect the taste of water."
] | [
"If you are referring to coke and pepsi it is because they use different kinds of sweeteners in the glass bottles than they do in the cans."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come when you do not purposefully bite the inner lip of your mouth (such as eating food) it hurts a lot, but when you purposefully do it, it doesn't hurt at all? | [
"Your teeth are perfectly capable of ripping open the inside of your mouth or your tongue. However, your brain tells your jaws not to do that. So when you press down purposefully, you're simply not biting with the same force you would use to chew food. When your accidentally bite yourself, that mental block isn't t... | [
"It's just like, one single \"taste bud\" that gets all angry and swells up - not friggin huge, but bigger than the rest, and it feels all sensitive. I get them after acidic foods - oranges, tomatoes, pineapple. When I was a kid, I'd just pinch them off with my fingernails; it hurt like hell for a minute but they w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What happens when a bird is flying really high and it starts raining really hard? Does it affect the bird in any major way? | [
"This is one of the leading causes of avian in flight mortality. ELY5: birdy gets wet, birdy gets heavy, birdy goes splat. Edit: simplified"
] | [
"Air is not uniform. Different temperatures, different pressures. Imagine the plane is floating on a constant pressure cushion of air, and up ahead there is a area of air which is of a lower pressure. When the plane reaches this low pressure bubble, there is less pressure pushing the plane from below, and as a resu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
- what does the Overdrive gear on automatic transmissions do? | [
"Overdrive is the highest gear on your car. By default overdrive is on. When you turn it off, you limit your car to use the next lower gear. So if your top gear is 4th, with overdrive off it will only go up to 3rd gear. Turning overdrive off can help you to do 2 things depending on how you use it: * Overtaking - fl... | [
"It measures its speed by sensing each time a wheel makes a full rotation. So yes changing to a wheel with a different diameter then stock will throw the measurement off. This can usually be fixed by a reprogramming tool (for newer vehicles) Some vehicles use GPS based speedometers. But I don't believe this is a ve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
If people can last weeks without food by getting energy from fat, does this mean fatter people can last longer without food? | [
"You can live of body fat for a long while, ref the case of the obese man who went more than a year without food: _URL_0_ However, as you can read in the article you will need to consume vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients in order to survive. Keep in mind that fasting is not risk free, especially over long... | [
"If you have adequate fat stores, water and take a multivitamin, zero kcal. People talking about starving are wrong; if you have fat on you, it will be used instead. You're starving when this is almost all gone. A lack of food is called hunger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What's all the fuss this morning with Wikipedia and Go Daddy? | [
"Long story short, yesterday, a call to boycott GoDaddy came about because of their positive stance on SOPA. Today, someone suggested that Wikipedia switched their domains from GoDaddy to another domain name provider."
] | [
"The developer says he is getting too much attention and doesn't like it. Speculation is that it's really because of legal issues. No one knows for sure as of now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do suburbs have to have grass? | [
"A large front lawn is a status symbol. Before Jacobean-era England, each inch of a tract of land was designated for production of food, either animal pastureland or fields for crops. Eventually the idea arose that if you were a tremendously rich individual, the best way to show off wealth was not fancy clothes or... | [
"Do you mow the grass around the tree?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What exactly is a stroke, and what causes it? | [
"A stroke is when part of the brain is starved of oxygen which can result in death of brain cells. The stroke can be caused by things such as a blockage or by a bleed. Sometimes they seem to resolve themselves quite quickly but quite often they result in some level of damage or even death."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do we need the give the security code off the signature strip of credit cards when we buy things online? | [
"It helps show you have possession of the physical card. That number is not stored on the magnetic stripe, so it can't be obtained using a card skimmer for example."
] | [
"It's all about the routing and account info at the bottom of the check. It's not any different, really, than making an online payment with a debit card."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about banking:"
} |
How do returns work at retail stores? What does the store do with broken returns? | [
"I used to work at Best Buy. When we get a return, it goes into something called functionality check where someone checks the device for accessories or any damage/defects. If it's good, they mark it \"open box\" at a discount. If it's broken, they send it out to their service center to be repaired and then resold i... | [
"How do you define BS? It costs the business money to have employees around to put the item back into inventory, makes their logistics less efficient, etc. The entire area of return policies is a strange one. Businesses are under no obligation to accept returns for any reason. Anything they do is strictly for mark... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can there be a maximum compatible memory in a camera, when the memory cards are all the same physical size? | [
"Although cards has same physical size, they need different \"software\" to access the data. There are [three types of micro SD cards](_URL_0_): SD, SDHC, and SDXC. The 32 GB card is a SDHC card and the 64 GB is a SDXC. If the dash cam only supports up to SDHC, then it can only take cards up to 32 GB. ELI5 what are... | [
"Last I read, the SDXC standard put the maximum at 2TB of file space per card, though capacities haven't reached that yet. Physical limitations on cell size my not allow this, and newer standards for SD cards are shifted to throughput speeds instead of capacity. So right now, pending a new file standard, the upper ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
In my country, low octane fuel (everything below 93-95) was discontinued 20 years ago for being 'low quality'. How come USA still sell it and use it for its cars? | [
"Your country probably uses a different average for measuring octane. The rule of thumb is use the lowest octane you can for your engine, and no lower. The reason for this is two fold: 1) Lower octane is easier to produce and thus cheaper. 2) Lower octane fuel is easier to yield energy. You only need a more stable ... | [
"Most cars in Germany used to run on RON 91 as well in the old days. Then came stricter emission norms, which were largely implemented using higher compression. Now RON is a measure how likely a fuel mixture is to ignite without a spark. Higher compression makes this more likely. Hence, you need higher RON (less li... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Skin Bleach in culture. Why is it socially accepted in most countries other than America? Is it even accepted? | [
"As an addendum, the term [*colorism*](_URL_0_) is often used to describe skin bleaching, which refers to the preference for lighter skin *within the same race*. This is especially used in black communities to talk about the ways in which light skin is prized over dark skin, despite the fact that they're the same r... | [
"Can you clarify a specific region? Organ meats are still eaten very commonly throughout the world on just about every continent. Do you mean specifically in America? Western or Southern Europe?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why do WWE wrestlers die so young? | [
"Many 'pro' wrestlers live a hard life on the road which can make them prone to depression and lead them to abusing intoxicants, a lot of them take steroids and/or other performance enhancers, it's a freaking hard job that takes a massive toll on a persons body which often leads to heavy duty painkillers and then t... | [
"Animals suicide too due to depression it just doesnt make the news often."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Psychology:"
} |
[LI5] How a lightbulb works. | [
"Hi, 53 year old electrician here. Orangecrushucf has a very good answer. Ever look in your toaster when it's running? That's the heat made by the electricity running through the coils very badly. It is has a lot of resistance do to being a poor conductor. (a good conductor is copper, like the wires in your house) ... | [
"[How a quartz watch works: Engineer Guy] (_URL_0_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come we had massive drones (helicopters) before small ones ? | [
"Helicopters aren't drones. They have a pilot. They also have a giant combustion engine. You can't use a giant combustion engine on a drone because then it's too big (consumer drones, I know Predator drones exist guys). So you have to use small electric motors. Uh oh! the currently existing technology doesn't pro... | [
"Drones with nice cameras, helicopters with super nice cameras, or people camouflaged with super nice cameras that have telescopic lenses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How text messages sent to a dead phone will arrive once the phone is turned on | [
"The text is sent to a server belonging to your service provider and is stored, when the phone turns back on it sends the server a signal saying its on and the server sends all the texts that were received and stored while the phone was off."
] | [
"When a cellphone connections to any cell network various things need to happen so that the cellphone works. The spammers have hooked into that process, legally or illegally. That's how they know you're there and how they can send an SMS to your phone even though you've never called anyone in that country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is chronograph and how different it is from a StopWatch? | [
"A chronograph is a clock with a stopwatch function, a stopwatch is a handheld timepiece that is designed to measure the amount of time. [Image of a Chronograph](_URL_0_) [Image of a Stopwatch](_URL_1_)"
] | [
"Because when you're paying 1000 for a watch, you're really paying for a piece of jewelry that happens to also function as a timepiece."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is the cost of living (specifically rent) in California so high? | [
"Demand and supply. There is a huge demand for land in California because the population is large. Many people want to live in or near cities so the rent at these places will rise. There are also strict building restrictions in some parts of California. Very few high rise buildings or apartments can be built and ci... | [
"Nope, simply because wages in these industries are not the driving cost factor. Just the rent is a way bigger factor for good locations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:"
} |
Motion sensor sinks and soap dispensers that don't sense me. | [
"It usually just means the sensor is dirty or obstructed in some way. These sensors rely on a variance in the mean data set they are observing to detect movement. That is, if the sensor normally \"sees\" the wall on the other side of the restroom and suddenly it sees an object appear in front of it, it signals that... | [
"Tilt sensor. It shuts off so it won't start a fire."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why exactly does the pharmacy take so long to fill my prescription and what does a pharmacist actually do? | [
"Another way of looking at it: [Why does my prescription take so damn long to fill](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Yes, which is exactly why there are \"drug interactions\" warnings on medication, why your doctor asks what medications you are currently taking, and why they have you talk to a pharmacist when you pick up prescriptions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why can some plugs go into outlets both ways, while others can only be inserted one way? | [
"It's called polarization, one side is \"hot\" and the other neutral. It's for safety as AC current is not technically \"directional\". Take a light bulb socket for instance, the threads are neutral and the little nipple down in is hot, if you could plug the plug in either direction, the threads could be energized ... | [
"Water needs to flow out and air needs to flow in. When the bottle is diagonal, both can happen at the same time. When it's vertical, they happen one after another."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't TV stations or Radio Stations used the phrase, "Super Bowl" when talking about the Super Bowl? | [
"Because Super Bowl is trademarked and the NFL is super conservative with how it let's people use that term. That's why you'll usually hear it simply called \"The Big Game\" or referenced as \"Sunday's game\" from anyone who hasn't paid to be \"The official X of the Super Bowl\"."
] | [
"If you're not aware, we have a weekly thread here on \"What's new in History?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Education:"
} |
How fish can produce light while being at the very bottom of the ocean | [
"It's called bioluminescence. Basically, it's the result of a chemical reaction which converts chemical energy into light energy. Some organisms use it for defence or as a deterrent, others use it to hunt. Kind of hard to go into less depth (haha depth, bottom of the ocean, do you geddit, Reddit?) at least whilst I... | [
"It's big, deep, dark, and hostile. At least with space, you can look remotely, and you don't have to worry about disturbing the wildlife. In the deepest parts of the ocean, there's a lot of pressure, literally, and it's really dark so lights are necessary, but all the animals flee immediately."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does rolling after a long fall prevent injury? | [
"You are spreading out the interval over which the energy from your fall disperses. Instead of all of your velocity inspired energy going into one solid 'whack' in the ground, you're redirecting it into a 'bumpity-thump-bonk-smack-pop-bonk' across the surface. Now picture the difference between tapping a box over a... | [
"If you had the thighs of gods and can jump at unhuman speeds, maybe. For the rest of us, no. The momentum change from jumping won't make a difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Physics:"
} |
Why is Mcdonalds so much more popular then other (arguably better) fast food restaurants? | [
"uniformity. no matter what mcdonalds you go to, you're getting the exact same food prepared the exact same way every time. Other restaurants may be able to do that, but that's not the draw."
] | [
"Chains have to follow the rules of the corporation. That's why McDonalds, Burger King, Subway, Kentucky Fried Chicken all have the same feel between restaurants. Now, since I worked at McDonalds, I can't speak for other chains, but McDonalds uses produce and meat local to the region. It really does start tasting d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is entitlement spending really out of control? | [
"Depends on what you mean by \"entitlement spending\" and what you mean by \"out of control\". Those are both loaded words, which mean different things to different people."
] | [
"Democrats generally don't share the presumption that, if we're in debt because of welfare and food stamps, we should cut welfare and food stamps. They think that those programs should be judged based on their merit to society, not their contribution to the government's bottom line. So if the debate becomes about h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Economics:"
} |
Why is happening psychologically in a murder suicide when the victims are not even people the killer knows? Why would somebody who intends to take their own life want to kill others before doing so? | [
"Typically such a person believes he has been treated unjustly by society, so he is striking back at society in general -- which includes basically everyone. _URL_0_"
] | [
"For many religious it is a sin, and one that cannot be atoned for. For many it is sign of mental illness as no one in their right mind would consider or attempt suicide. For many it is seen as a selfish thing as you do not consider the harm you do to family and friends."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why would having a baby with a cousin or a sibling mess up the child genetically? | [
"if there is some sort of malign, recessive condition that runs in the family, there is a greater chance of being present in the offspring. this happened with the royal families of europe around the turn of the 20th century. through many many years of interbreeding, the royal families of a number of countries (spai... | [
"Yup. Just like if a different one of the thousands of sperm in your ejaculate was the one that impregnated her egg. Might change the sex or sexual orientation, hair and eye color, likelihood of certain diseases or aptitudes, height, intelligence, etc. But don't think about it too hard. That way lies madness."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How did scientists confirm that North America and Europe drift a couple of inches apart every year? | [
"Very, very accurate measurements. There are scientific grade GPS base stations that can accurately measure such things."
] | [
"Africa sits on two tectonic plates. They started splitting apart about 25 million years ago. Generally plates drifting apart or coming together takes millions of years. This is what often causes earthquakes and volcanoes. Iirc, a full cycle takes about 300 to 600 million years. We're about 1/3 into a cycle. The la... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Geology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Geology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If the Australian fauna is so dangerous and poisonous, how come that harmless species of rabbits and toads managed to invade, thrive and wreck the ecosystem so easily? | [
"It's really not that dangerous. One would experience a different relationship with the wildlife if they live in a rural area, or one built within bushland - some suburbs do get kangaroo traffic - but as for snakes and spiders, it's no deadlier than any other country. Some spiders you just learn not to touch at all... | [
"It's an island. A gigantic island indeed but still a very isolated place where the introduction of some biological material can have catastrophic consequences. For instance, when the English colonists arrived and brought cows as cattle, there was no indigenous insect that could digest their feces, which was actual... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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