query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
If Easter is the anniversary of a dated even, why does the date change each year? | [
"It all depends on your calendar. For example, Passover is always the 15th of Nisan. If you follow the Hebrew calendar, you would complain that Christmas is on a different day every year."
] | [
"Because the Julian Calendar (that we currently use) has been around since 46 BC, and Jan. 1st is the first day on that calendar. The equinox didn't really fall on any significant place, so we acknowledge the equinox on those days, and celebrate the first day of the calendar year as New Years day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If I was falling from the sky with a car, and jump on top of the car right before hitting the ground, will I survive? | [
"Freefalling in/on a car you would probably hit a terminal velocity around 200mph or so. How fast can you jump? 10mph? OK so you hit the ground going 190mph, splat. (ignoring that some of your jumping force would actually be absorbed by the car)"
] | [
"When landing from high distances, you want to land over the wheels. They are the sturdiest part. When stomping on the middle, you are able to break it without something below it. Like a table. If you jumped into the middle, chances are you could break it. If you were to jump right above one of the legs, it will no... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does an antivirus work? | [
"computer wise - you have a team of people whose job it is to solely find new viruses and find out what they do and how to identify and remove them. once this team identifies a virus and how to remove it safely this gets included in the daily updates. now you run the scanner and it scans the files selected (whole c... | [
"Related question: What if I want to become a mercenary? What do I do?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What's the difference between an architect and a civil engineer? When a new building is built, what are their respective contributions? | [
"I think you mean structural engineer? Generally speaking, there is a saying that the engineer makes a building stand, architects make a building work. A building can stand fine, but didn't ensure that the bathroom won't stink up your living room and that the bedroom is big enough bed and dresser and that the dini... | [
"contractors look at the drawings. They bid on work. Then they build according to the blueprints. Do you have a more specific question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do probiotics work and why can taking them sometimes cause extreme abdominal discomfort? | [
"Probiotics are colonies of good bacteria. Taking them is suppose to repopulate the gut with said bacteria, but if you get too much, if they have to fight with the existing bacteria and either die, or you are eating a diet that causes them to produce a lot of waste you will sometimes have discomfort."
] | [
"It doesn’t. While vitamin C is needed for the healthy function of the immune system, the mega doses in supplements have never been shown to prevent or shorten any illness in any clinical study. Mega doses also can acidify urine, causing kidney stones and other kidney problems"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did Danes become so well-versed in English? | [
"English in early school (3rd grade), this continues throughout school, and is one of the high priority classes. Mixed with non translated TV shows. We use subtitles instead. Being somewhat well traveled, I've noticed most countries who translate their TV shows / movies generally suck at english, and those who go s... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What items did I pay tax on? (Receipt in comments) | [
"They added the two taxable items (ivory and coke zero), then subtracted the coupon from those two for determining the tax."
] | [
"1) Start of the month - Figure out how much money is currently in your bank account 2) Through out the month - Keep track of every expense you use your bank account for (including withdrawals) 3) End of the Month - Figure out what your ending balance is and return to step 1. Your checkbook is now balanced."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do undocumented immigrants lead normal lives in the US if they don't have citizenship? | [
"To add to what some others are saying, there's a reason why undocumented immigrants tend to cluster in certain areas. Those areas range from 'sanctuary cities' where the government turns a blind eye to simply towns where an undocumented immigrant has connections/family. I know a guy who rides an electric bicycle,... | [
"You can come visit the US from most countries legally but only for 90 days at a time and you are forbidden from working without a permit called a visa. Most people who sneak into the country don't have passports."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If theres $1000 cashback on an item, why not just make the item $1000 cheaper? | [
"If it's like a mail in rebate, studies show that 40-70% of people forget, lose it, don't bother, etc. Free money."
] | [
"No they sell them at 400% price and then mark it down as 75% off so people buy them. And if someone like it so much they buy it at 400%? That's even better"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How to remain anonymous when surfing the web or downloading. | [
"For that, you need to connect to the internet via a VPN. Now, what is a VPN (Virtual Private Network)? Imagine the data that comes and goes from your computer as cars travelling on a highway. A VPN would be like a tunnel with a door at each end. Only you and your VPN provider have a key to these doors. So, no one ... | [
"The easiest way to secure your privacy is to not participate in disclosing personal information on the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Flo Rida's song 'Low' had the word 'pornography' censored on the radio the other day but Nazareth's song 'Hair of the Dog' says 'bitch' 12 times and is not censored. Why is there such a difference with what's censored? | [
"Not every radio station only censors what the FFC requires. Many radio stations censor anything that anyone might might offensive. For instance one of the local radio stations where I live censors anything related to guns, firearms, or ammunition. The FCC does not require it, but the station chooses to censor them... | [
"Because in America, sex, nudity, and anything related is considered taboo on TV and ads and anything else public, where violence, on the other hand, is not as socially unacceptable. \"Someone gets shot? Eh PG-13. WAIT... there's a nude girl? Rated R\". It's backwards from most other countries in Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the understanding of rock formation important in finding oil? | [
"Only certain rock formations contain oil. Typically porous rocks with voids. Some of it eventually reaches the surface and seeps out naturally into land or water, but most of it eventually comes up against a layer of rock that it can’t move through. This impermeable rock forms a seal or trap, and slowly, very slow... | [
"This is simply because of the natural variations in the density or types of particles in the air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why the Japanese confuse "l" and "r." | [
"A human vocal system can make a huge variety of sounds. Each language only uses certain number of those sounds. Once a person is past a certain age, it is hard for them to learn sounds that aren't a part of the language that they grew up speaking. Japanese doesn't have separate sounds for the letters L and R. The... | [
"Ahem. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why are \"Kansas\" and \"Arkansas\" pronounced differently? ](_URL_0_) ^(_12 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why are Kansas and Arkansas pronounced differently? ](_URL_6_) ^(_1 comment_) 1. [ELI5: Why is Arkansas and Kansas pronounced differently whe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do anime/Asian culture fans/enthusiasts constantly use this '~' symbol in every sentence? | [
"I'm only going off my weeb of a friend, but he told me that the use of \"~\" is to drag out the word in question by stretching out its main syllable. For example \"nyan~\" translates to \"nyaaaaan.\""
] | [
"It's a case of the style, tone, and content of the comments in a sub matching the content of that sub. So in /r/4chan people use greentext and say \"be me\", and in the porn subs people say filthy things, in /r/science people complex comments that I can't understand, in /r/jokes people post more jokes in the comme... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that we are unable to remember anything from the first few years of our lives as infants? Are our brains unable to retain memories at that point in time or is it because it's just too long ago to recall? | [
"Infants don't develop a sense of self until around age 2. It's hard to ask kids that young, but it seems like before that, events in the world are just things happening around them, not events they ascribe personal significance towards. They see the world more like an observer than a participant. Plus, they also d... | [
"The way I understand it is that excessive alcohol interferes with the formation of memories, so when you wake up the next day you are not experiencing memory loss as such, it's simply that the memories were never laid down in the first place"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does water cling to skin? | [
"The reason it clings to your skin is because it's polar. That means it has a negative end and a positive end. Because like charges repel each other, the negative bit pushes away the negative charges on your skin and makes it positive. Now look! We have a negative end of a water molecule and positive skin! ATTRACTI... | [
"There's so much stuff dissolved in the water from the Koolaid that the surface tension is different, causing it to stick to the glass instead of pouring like water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
penis sizes differences | [
"I've read that this stemmed from cultures living in more temperate regions covering their genitalia less allowing them to be visible and penis size to play a role in mate selection. Thats why you typically find the races with larger penis' to be closer to the equator."
] | [
"There is its called florescent lighting. Edit: typo"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Technology:"
} |
What do the people of Scientology believe in? | [
"[This](_URL_0_). Not kidding. Just so you know, the founder of Scientology, L.Ron Hubbard, was a mediocre science-fiction writer who got into a discussion with other writers about human gullibility. He bet that humans were so stupid that he could invent an obviously ridiculous religion, and not only get people to... | [
"Watch the documentary 'Going Clear'. That will explain everything you need to know about Scientology, most of which comes from the mouths of former members."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
When you leave your car in the sun, why does heat get trapped inside? | [
"~~Visible light is able to travel easily through glass, which means energy goes into the car. When it hits the seats or other surfaces, some of that energy causes the object to heat up, essentially turning into infra-red light. That light is not able to as easily travel through the glass. So for each chunk of ener... | [
"Cold glass meets humid air. The water vapor in the air condenses on the glass. Like a cold drink on a hot day. As you drive along, the air hits your car at the speed you're driving into it, not letting the vapor have enough time to condense into water again. Your windscreen also heats up as the inside of the car h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between a bank and a Ponzi/pyramid scheme? | [
"A bank is providing some social utility in that it's matching people who have money up with people who need money, a ponzi scheme exists solely to enrich the people at the top by defrauding the people at the bottom. The basic business model of a bank is sustainable, whereas ponzi schemes are inherently unsustainab... | [
"It's not a pyramid scheme. Pyramid Schemes are Multi Level Marketing groups. Wish is a retail aggregate that focuses on low-cost (and possibly copyright infringing) items. Even if Wish offers you an incentive to share the program to others, they never say that you, the random jackass who never posts a product, wil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do people even protest? | [
"It brings awareness to the case (or cause) and awareness influences others in their actions. For example Amnesty International campaigns for a political prisoner in a foreign countries far away. The raising of awareness brings people to think and talk about, which brings people in power to state their opinion abou... | [
"Of course not. Why would you think this?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What would happen to me if I were to drink only salt water? | [
"You would definitely die. Your body cannot effectively filter the salt out of the saltwater and so your mental state would deteriorate, and you would dehydrate and die."
] | [
"This is not an informed response but I get a burst of energy about an hour after drinking too much orange juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do artificial flavours work / how are they made? | [
"Mix a bunch of chemicals to taste like what you want, if its safe to eat and the FDA says its ok put it all over food. Taste is nothing but chemicals, and many things that are naturally occurring can have a synthetic version made chemically."
] | [
"The active ingredients are the ones supposed to have an effect. The inactive ones aren't supposed to have an effect, but they still need to be listed just in case someone is allergic or something."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does anti-perspirant actually do to us that 'stops' us from sweating? | [
"It does work by blocking the pores, but not the way the top answers I see are suggesting. Most antiperspirants contain an aluminum compound as the main active ingredient. from [wikihow](_URL_0_): The aluminum ions are taken into the cells that line the eccrine-gland ducts at the opening of the epidermis, the top ... | [
"Cologne is how perfume is marketed for men. Aftershave is for preventing infections after shaving. It may have ingredients that numb skin a bit (so it doesn't hurt that much) and almost all have some fragrance. Deodorant is for killing body odour caused by bacteria that eats sweat. Antiperspirant is a type of deo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is money laundering? | [
"I got cash that I acquired illegally. I can't just start spending the money because at best, someone will see that I have a large amount of cash and no legitimate income. At worst, the IRS will want their cut. So what do you do? You buy a car wash, you buy art, you buy a laundromat. You put the money into somethin... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does it seem like nobody knows what's going on in North Korea when we have satellite imagery that can everything on the ground? | [
"\"We believe Burns still has the trillion dollar bill hidden somewhere in his house. But all we've ascertained from satellite photos is that it's not on the roof.\" Trouble with trillions, _URL_0_"
] | [
"There are other things you can look for, like the mirrors that were placed there. But we don't need to see the American flag to prove that we went there. Every sane person on this planet knows we did, because there's a mountain of evidence to support it and no evidence to refute it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What causes liquid to run down the side of your cup instead of following the usual rules of gravity and falling straight down? | [
"Surface tension. It's strong enough to keep liquid clinging to the smooth surface of the cup. It still follows the usual rules of gravity, and having a pour spout or a little notch near the side is enough to allow the liquid to build up enough that gravity will overcome the tension."
] | [
"The bottle is actually two containers (one inside the other). There is a thin gap between the two which is filled with liquid. This allows a very small amount of liquid to appear to fill the entire bottle. When you tip it, the liquid flows through the gap and down into a resevoir in the top, making it appear empty... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does my rear-view mirror in my car reflect off of the ceiling when I flip it up at night? | [
"The shiny metal part of the rearview mirror is at an angle to the glass that covers it. This creates two reflections - a bright one off of the shiny metal, and a dim one off of the glass. During the day time, you have the mirror assembly adjusted so that you're seeing the bright reflection off the shiny metal. Whe... | [
"A mirror doesn't reflect only those things directly in front of it. You're seeing your shoes because of the angle you're looking into the mirror. Think like your eyes are taking a banking billiards shot against the mirror and your shoes are the corner pocket."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Why do tattoos last a lifetime? | [
"It does over time that's why they get that faded look but it's in one of the bottom layers of skin so it takes much longer to disappear (longer than a lifetime for it to disappear completely)"
] | [
"You can only say the same thing over and over for so long."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What does typing in "https://" before the URL do? | [
"The whatever:// part says that you want to communicate using the \"whatever\" method. So https:// says that you want to communicate using the HTTPS method; this is just the HTTP method with a layer of security added."
] | [
"Basically, the only reason \"www\" is used regularly is because of tradition from the World Wide Web... and mainstream familiarity. That could be absolutely anything the site admin wants it to be. For example... type: _URL_1_ into your URL bar. This redirects you to _URL_2_ In this case, it is used as a redirect.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The Hunter-gatherer/'Paleo' diet. | [
"The Paleo diet assumes that the human body is optimized for what we used to eat when we were hunter-gatherers, and therefore things like grains ~~and fruit~~ - which were not naturally available to us, but instead a human \"invention\" - are the main cause for obesity and sugar crashes and all sorts of things. You... | [
"It's not. Skipping breakfast is part of the larger \"starvation mode/weight gain\" myth. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is a spider bite core and how does it form? | [
"Honestly thought this said \"what is a spider bite and how does it form\" and was trying to think of a non-douchey way to say \"it is a bite from a spider and you get it when a spider bites you\"."
] | [
"Plot twist: Eventually it does. Fluid in Blisters will eventually absorb back into the body The fluid keeps the skin moist and clean, promoting healing from the infection that caused it, or rapid repair of the skin if it was from friction. This is why you should NEVER pop blisters unless absolutely necessary, and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How is the original meaning not lost when ancient literature or poems are translated? | [
"People never stopped using Koine Greek, it's not just a \"book language.\" It's spoken everyday in Greek and Arabic Orthodox churches."
] | [
"None of the above. Aside from the fact it's largely fiction, the Bible was assembled from a large number of prior texts by many different authors many years after the events are supposed to have taken place. These authors didn't all agree, nor in some cases speak the same language, and many parts of the corpus wer... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't we have a national holiday honoring all the Native Americans we screwed over? | [
"This is one of those occasions where \"ELI5\" ends up being a bunch of 5 year olds discussing history"
] | [
"Surviving long enough that you can then steal the land from the native Americans who helped you survive. The one case where Americans should have been worried about immigrants coming in and destroying the culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why does the United nations give countries veto powers which only seem to make those countries untouchable? | [
"The UN was conceptualised near the end of WWII by the major players of the Allied faction during a series of conferences, including the Yalta conference.They all wanted to protect their national interets and thus the veto privilege was unanimously agreed on by the US, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. When sm... | [
"The problem with the UN is that there are permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK and US) who have the power to veto. If the UN would like to adopt something and everyone agrees, while one permanent member uses it's veto to cancel the whole progress, the UN would look like it had no power. For example: UN doe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do some actors in shows have their names directly linked to their characters in the credits when others usually aren't? | [
"That's called special billing, and it's usually something that high-profile, stand out actors will request as part of their contracts to make them stand out from the rest of the cast."
] | [
"The names most likely appear the way they do because of contractual obligations by the studio, bigger names might go first etc. When the picture is being shot or created, the artist may not know or care about which order the names will be in, but instead only cares about the aesthetics of the poster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do fire vehicles have chains that dangle from their undercarriage? | [
"I know that some school buses are equipped with these for ice and snow. I believe you can flip a switch, drive over them and they will attach. It would make sense if this was the same thing you're seeing on the fire trucks. *Edit- video _URL_0_"
] | [
"Most plows have small slidey things or wheels behind the scrapy parts that keep it from getting too close to the ground. This doesn't always work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Could a person get access to the internet without an ISP? How much money and equipment would it take to connect to the internet by yourself? | [
"Your ISP is very much like the post office, it helps you send and receive packages of data (packets) between you and your destination (a server). So, along these lines you are asking the question of “how can a person get mail without a post office?” Well, he would have to create his own post office. You will find... | [
"Imagine you have a computer on your house. Now you want to connect that computer to your friend 100 miles away. How do you do it? You could lay a 100 mile cable, but do you have the permissions to dig up roads and pathways? You would use a company whose cables were already there, and just use that network of cab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do stores even participate in Black Friday? Surely putting such large discounts on their products would cause a huge loss? | [
"It's all part of the sales technique most of the time you will find the items on offer are last year's stock that hasn't shifted or items that were due a price drop anyway. I never buy anything on black Friday as normally the deals aren't really that good."
] | [
"Depends on the circumstances. They could need to clear out inventory or shelf space for something else, for example. Or they could be trying to boost sales in the short term by selling on volume instead of margin. Or in some cases the sale price is their intended margin, and by putting a fake sale they hope that y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is the use of pointers in c++? | [
"A pointer is like an entry in an address book. It doesn't know what a house looks like or how big it is. But it knows where it is. In c++ every time you need that house for something, you would have to build it from scratch, use it and then tear it down, time and again. Now imagine if you had to do this many times... | [
"You would write a program in another language to make it work. The two approaches are: * compiler - reads a file of the new language and changes it to machine code * interpreter - reads the file line by line and executes each command Many modern languages, like java, perl, and python take a hybrid approach to vari... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Beyond the halting problem, what's the point of studying computability theory as a CS major? I appreciate complexity of algorithms ( taught as a separate course). However, how am i to use FSA to understand and solve computer problems? It seems like a puzzle game without relevance. | [
"The point is just that that's what computer science *is*. Computer science isn't the study of computer problems; it's the study of computing. It's not really a good name for the field, unfortunately. It'd be as if surgery was called \"scalpel science.\" Some people have taken to calling CS \"computing science\" in... | [
"The same as between driving and engineering. Or knowing how to write vs knowing literary sciences and analyzing novels and history of language. Programming is a skill. It is a tool used to issue commands to a computer. You learn it and use it in your work but you need not worry about the exact science and theories... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do sounds in videos become lower in pitch when in slow motion? | [
"What we perceive as 'pitch' is the time between peaks on the wave. When we slow a sound down, more time passes between peaks."
] | [
"It's not the the original recording that's messed up, it's the result of the tracking not being correct when the VCR recording is being played back. Tracking is what syncs the speed of playback with the speed of the recording. When the tracking isn't correct, you get distortion in the image displayed on the screen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When I'm ill with an upsetstomach, why does my poo loose all solidity? (NSFW) | [
"Pretty sure it is because your body wants to get rid of what it thinks is poisonous sickness causing stuff asap. The water is reapsorbed at end of digestive tract, but it has no time to sit there and get absorbed when everything moves rapidly"
] | [
"I have ulcerative colitis and when my stomach can't digest the food and makes my stomach hurt it relaxes the muscles and makes the pain go away 100%."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about health:"
} |
Why is the fetal position so comforting? | [
"Simple answer: *We don't know.* Postulation: The fetal position may be a learned response, similar to how some people sit and sway back and forth when distressed. Since we associate the position with fetus's, or young babies, it may be a visual cue to others, expressing \"I am not a threat\" or a request for atten... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If fruits are produced by plants for animals to eat and spread seeds around then why are lemons so sour? | [
"A lemon is not a naturally occurring fruit, it's actually bred from a sour orange and a citron, the sour orange itself being bred from a pomelo and mandarin. So it's not the product of evolution, but selective breeding."
] | [
"Bees pollinate flowers, which become fruits with seeds. Birds eat the fruits with seeds and then poop out the seeds elsewhere so the seed can become a new plant. Also they lay eggs which could be compared to a period. Birds and bees have integral roles of reproduction for many plants. *edit: periods*"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do countries like germany want to make the free trade agreement TTIP with the US and CETA with canada, if they could be sued by companies for making laws that could damage the company? | [
"They think the pros of having better access to the American marketplace outweigh the cons. IIRC, the EC put out a report saying that they estimate quite a large economic upturn from the deal. I'll see if I can find it in a minute. It should also be pointed out that companies suing the government aren't inherently ... | [
"The combined currency is for some nations weaker than there own was, the freedom of movement and immigration laws see lots of people from poor eu countries moving into and living off welfare/stealing jobs from rich eu countries, bailing out stupid eu countries for making stupid decisions, the eu leaders for the mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Protein Biosynthesis | [
"ELI5: Cells have a message inside of them telling you how to make them. This message gets rewritten onto a different piece of paper before it leaves the cell so the original won't get damaged. This new copy of the instructions are RNA while the original set is DNA. That's transcription. A cell called a ribosome is... | [
"[Part 1: Atomic Orbitals and Electrodynamics](_URL_1_) [Part 2: Filling Orbitals, Types of Magnetism, and Quantum Mechanical Exchange Interaction](_URL_4_) [Part 3: Domains and Domain Wall Motion/Rotation](_URL_3_) [Part 4: Hysteresis](_URL_0_) [Part 5: Spin Orbit Coupling and Magnetostriction](_URL_2_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do individuals tend to have set sneeze "patterns?" | [
"A sneeze is a nervous reaction , like a reflex , when something tickles your nose. You don't really control reflex actions , so I doubt it is habit driven but more a function of how your nerves send signals and your nervous system reacts when something makes you sneeze."
] | [
"Laughing is an innate human function like sneezing, coughing etc. We don't learn how to do it and therefore culture/upbringing has very little if any effect on it. Asking why we don't have different laughs from culture to culture is similar to asking why we don't have different cough's or sneezes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Does an empty refrigerator take up more energy to stay cold than a full one? | [
"TL;DR: Food inside \"stores\" more cold. All of the food inside your refrigerator has much more thermal capacity than air. This means it takes more energy to warm it up by a given number of degrees than it would the air. The walls of the box, although well insulated, aren't perfect and allow a small amount of heat... | [
"The purpose of the water bottles in the fridge is not for efficiency, but to prevent the compressor from turning on and off so frequently. Less cycling will make the fridge last longer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does the action in old silent movies seem so fast? | [
"They were usually recorded at around 15fps. When you watch them now digitally, they have to be converted to 24fps or 30fps. 24fps only became standard when audio was introduced, as 15fps was too choppy for lip sync. Even most animated tv shows are 12fps-15fps, as their is no fluid movement in the lips, and it sa... | [
"They use movie cameras which film at a lower framerate than regular broadcast making it look more like a movie than a live broadcast."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What actually happens when you burn your tongue and why does it hurt for a while after? | [
"The proteins in your tongue denature (bend out if shape) from the heat. It hurts because your nervous system wants you to know that a part of the body needs repair. If the burn is minor, then the body can repair the burn over time. If the burn us serious, then it will scar."
] | [
"There is a big nerve at the roof of our mouth. When this nerve gets exposed to extreme cold it hurts and sends pain signals to our brain. That's why sticking your thumb to the roof of your mouth will get rid of brain freeze."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is a caffeine crash? | [
"So, contrary to how it feels, what caffeine does isn't \"wake you up,\" it \"stops you from feeling tired.\" Leaning a bit more towards ELI15, you feel tired/drowsy thanks to a brain chemical called \"adenosine.\" Adenosine is the chemical in your brain that creates that feeling, and caffeine has the unique struc... | [
"What causes the chills at the end of a good pee?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is the brain active after someone has been decapitated? | [
"Your brain (like everything else in your body) runs on oxygen. That oxygen is carried by your blood, which picks it up in the lungs before being pumped around the body by the heart. Obviously when someone is decapitated that connection is severed, but what oxygen is still in the blood in their head will continue t... | [
"Brain-dead doesn't mean the software in your brain has crashed and requires a reboot. Brain death means the hardware of your brain has been chemically destroyed. It's not usable anymore."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do we consider sqrt(-1) to be imaginary but not abs(x) = -1? Is it a different kind of imaginary number or is it not? | [
"Nothing prevents you from making up a new kind of number where |x| can be negative. The question is: what can you *do* with that definition? Can you get interesting results other that \"I can now have a negative absolute value\"? Can you combine those new numbers with \"normal\" numbers and perform operations on t... | [
"A number which doesn't belong to the set of real numbers (negative infinity to infinity). More specifically a number which includes the square root of negative one. Since it is impossible to have the square root of a negative number, it is very useful for many fields which find themselves working with the square r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it so much easier to converse with people, strangers or friends, online than in real life? | [
"On the computer you have time to come up with and think about all your responses. In real life you don’t have that luxury. You’re also probably more nervous in real life which shows"
] | [
"I imagine that for lots of people, social networking has become an integral part of their life. In fact, it is part of their social circle. I hang out with dudes over Teamspeak that I play games with. Sometimes we meet IRL and hang out, it is also great when you can drive to another country and have a place to sle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do stimulants (Adderall) calm down ADHD patients? Why doesn't caffeine? | [
"People who suffer from ADD have a part of their brain that is actually under-stimulated. Ironically, the under-stimulation causes the hyperactivity. This is why stimulants such as Adderall could be used to treat patients such as yourself and explains why stimulants are effective. Stimulants work on the affected pa... | [
"To put it simply, they are self medicating. Nicotine can have effects similar to some drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people with one dopamine deficiency disorder not have all of them? | [
"Dopamine deficiency can refer to a lot of things. It can be a problem with production of dopamine (such as is the case with Parkinson's disease) or it can be a problem with the way dopamine is used. The part of the brain responsible for dopamine production (the substantia nigra) is just a small part of a larger pi... | [
"ADD and ADHD have been collapsed into one diagnosis, ADHD, which now has subtypes: ADHD Inattentive type, and ADHD hyperactive type. There is also an ADHD: mixed type where you are both inattentive and hyperactive. The diagnosis of ADD has been removed from the DSM (the bible for psychiatrists and psychologists). ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Ho are shows like Oprah and Ellen able to give out so many gifts to the audience members? Is there a catch? | [
"Sponsors of the show actually \"donate\" the gifts as part of their advertisement fees. The recipient of these gift are on the hook for the tax liability of these \"gifts\"."
] | [
"A lot of the money comes from advertising. Also, they know that most people won't actually win the million dollars, so they don't actually give out $1,000,000 every show obviously. Also, prizes such as cars are also product placements, which earn them money. So it's largely due to the advertisement. On top of that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do they film those commercials/videos where people are frozen, but the camera moves all around them? | [
"They use a lot of cameras and select different images from each camera, like [this](_URL_0_). The first instance of this technique I'm aware of was in the matrix, they called it bullet time, I don't know if it has a more formal name these days since becoming more common."
] | [
"It's a trick of the camera. If you were looking at it in person, it would just look like a vibrating hose sending water all over. If you look at how a video camera works, it basically takes a whole bunch of still pictures of the world, one after another. The trick is that the speaker makes the hose move at precise... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are there so many sex scandals within the Catholic Church and not as many reported with other religions? | [
"Doing a quick search will yield numerous sexual abuse cases involving other religions. Also if you are basing your sources off of western media sources then you need to remember that Catholicism is a much more popular religion than say Hinduism in major western societies which makes it a much more relevant topic t... | [
"The big misconception here is not all priests take a vow of poverty. This might have been a requirement of the Jesuits, but it is not a requirement of the Catholic church or most Protestant churches. So the money goes to the celebrity priest in most cases."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Social Issues:"
} |
Why we close our eyes when we experience pleasure? | [
"Why the hell is this eli5 downvoted?i sometimes really don't get it how it works on reddit. That s a fair question goddammit even if i don't know the exact answer"
] | [
"You never closed your eyes while being outside in the sun, did you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Biology:"
} |
What does it mean for a drug to be psychoactive? | [
"In general, a psychoactive drug is one that intentionally (not just as a side-effect) changes brain function in a way that significantly alters one's mood, perception, or consciousness. Drugs which have mind-altering properties as an unintended or undesirable side-effect are usually not classified as psychoactive ... | [
"Its an amphetamine, It isn't necessarily healthy for you and it can become habit forming. Need a better explanation?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it seem like such a monumental effort to do moderately complex arithmetic in one's head? | [
"Our brains are not designed for serial calculations, which is what a math problem is. A complex math problem is an extremely serial calculation. You have to do part of it before you do another part of it, and so on, until all the steps are completed and you get an answer. Our brains are REALLY good at massively ... | [
"Are you sure this is a real phenomenon? It was my understanding that people are simply trying to remove a distraction so they can pay better attention."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Education:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Education:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
With billions donated to cancer research, why do cancer drugs cost so much? | [
"I believe the CEO of a Korean pharma giant said this: \"We are not in the business of saving lives, we are in the business of making money.\" They're a business, gotta make a lot of money. The research may be funded by charity but once that stuff is patented you can bet the development company is going to want to ... | [
"Scientific advancements in ER the past few decades still don't change the fact it costs a ton of money to go out there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is it "hi five" or "high five", both seem correct? | [
"High five, as opposed to \"low five\" where the first guy holds his hand horizontally, near the waist, and the other guy slaps downward."
] | [
"I don't believe \"goodnight\" is grammatically correct that way. It's \"good night\" just as it is \"good morning\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are men and women given separate prizes for acting? | [
"The general feeling is that just as men and women tend to have different roles in life, so do they tend to have different types of roles as actors. This might be considered an antiquated or male chauvanistic point of view, however, the Academy Awards predate feminism as we know it. And the reality is that to a sub... | [
"Better question: why is there censorship at all? Are we really supposed to be ashamed of the fun bits of life?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Why is being 'knocked out' our bodies reaction to large blunt trauma to the head? | [
"Well, getting knocked out isn't from straight blunt trauma, but specifically when there's rotational trauma to your brain stem which affects the part of your brain which puts you to sleep (as in, bed time). So if his head wasn't straight and it got crinked to the side, it can cause a black out. This is why hook pu... | [
"It's the same reason you can bash your elbow (funny bone) resulting in mild pain, but slamming your hand full force in to concrete will fracture bones. Not all injuries are equal, and not all injuries are as easy to shake off. I'm not a Doctor, I just hate twisting my ankle."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology/Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology/Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do women lose their nipple(s) when they get breast cancer? | [
"They don't always, it's just that sometimes when women have to have parts/all of their breast removed to get rid of the cancer, the nipple is part of what needs to be removed."
] | [
"It's all about density of breast tissue, and that unfortunately is mostly due to genetics. For awhile it was thought that Bras helped, but recent studies have shown that wearing one lets the breast muscles atrophy, weakening their ability to hold up. Shape matters too. Thicker towards the chest means less saggin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why do the Wizards in The Hobbit/LOTR rarely use their powers in combat, preferring to use swords? | [
"Maybe it's the same reason Legolas prefers walking on stairs as opposed to floating rocks"
] | [
"The lore also says that the Ring gives power to the stature of the being wearing it. The lore also says that Hobbits are highly resistant to the ring - able to withstand contact with it for a long periods."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What method of establishing rigour is used when a statement / hypothesis in mathematics / science violates Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem? | [
"Godel's first incompleteness theorem really says that there can be a mathematical or logical statement that is true, but not provable. The examples of this are generally simple contradictions, the equivalent of \"this statement is false\". Whether or not there are statements that aren't self referntial which can't... | [
"Constructivist mathematicians require all proofs to be constructive, i.e. if you claim that there is an X that has the properties A, B and C, they want you to be able to produce such an X explicitly by spelling out the necessary steps. Conversely, in mainstream maths, you can prove that there is such an X by showi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If I'm hanging from a motionless helicopter, how come at the end of the day, I'm not in a different location? | [
"Before you take off in the helicopter both you and the helicopter are sat on the ground on the earth. The earth is spinning at about 1000mph. So you and the helicopter are also spinning at that speed. When you take off that force is already imparted on you both. So even though you're off the ground you're still s... | [
"Swinging on vines is impossible since they grow from the ground up. Swinging on them is a quick trip to the ground."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it seem wealthy people are more attractive than their less wealthy counterparts? | [
"The wealthy have to deal with fewer things that negatively affect attractiveness: * They do not do labor-intensive jobs which may cause excessive sun exposure which damages skin. This is why in certain countries, paler people are considered more attractive because it means they have the luxury of not toiling in th... | [
"Who's more likely to tell you their salary: a rich person, or a poor person?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
what are sugar sores | [
"Not a sugar sore just an inflammation of a taste bub on your tongue however they are harmless and go away on their own - _URL_0_"
] | [
"There is its called florescent lighting. Edit: typo"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How are water towers efficient? | [
"They don't \"save\" energy, but they make the whole system more efficient by taking the strain off of other equipment. They're a means of storing both water and energy, for release when either is scarce. The distribution pump to a neighborhood atop a hill doesn't have to be as big -- the local tower smooths out de... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are so many jazz groups named simply after one man/woman instead of having a band name (ex. Metallica has 4 members, Duke Ellington had many more) | [
"Because most of those bands have a leader and an often changing. Duke Ellington, Art Blakey, Miles Davis, all of them had rotating cast playing different stuff. If metallica replaced half its members and stopped playing the same songs, they wouldn't be metallica. This is what happens in jazz."
] | [
"For one thing, it was innovative. Most jazz focused on chord progressions when it came to playing improv solos (they would take chord progressions from popular songs like \"I've Got Rhythm\" and play solos over them). Kind of Blue helped popularize modal jazz, which focused on scales, rather than chord changes, wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how multi-celled organisms evolved from single-celled organisms. | [
"In gradual steps: 1. independent single celled organisms 2. cooperative single celled organisms (think herd of cattle) 3. colonies of cells 4. colonies with specialization (different cells do different things) 5. \"colonies\" without a single cell stage (sponges) 6. fully specialized tissues and organs"
] | [
"Yes, in fact all life on Earth has a common ancestor if you go back far enough. Plants and animals are both types life that have nuclei in their cells, and all life with cellular nuclei have a common ancestor that is not shared with bacteria. But plants evolved from a cell that became photosynthetic with chlo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Biology:"
} |
where does energy 'go' when it is used by a living thing? | [
"When you eat, you absorb the carbs, proteins etc. When you run, these are broken down in order to give you energy to run. That energy was spent in moving your body from one place to another - it gets transformed into kinetic energy and potential energy and also produces body heat. In a nutshell as you have learnt ... | [
"Because they aren't 100% efficient, some of the energy you put into it is transformed into heat. It gets hotter and hotter of that heat isn't escaping faster than it is being made. Same thing goes for light bulbs, your body, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people bounce their legs during class? | [
"It's beneficial for a human to be active/alert during the day, way back when we had to be aware of predators or animals we could eat. This was usually during the day, so it is advantageous to be restless."
] | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Your net worth is a billion. Where do you get your spending money? | [
"A lot of the time they don't need spending money. They drive a company car, stay in a corporate apartment, fly on the company jet, and every meal is a business meal. When you own a company, you can shift a lot of your personal expenses over there. If you do have to spend money, a billionaire having a million in sp... | [
"The same place everyone else gets the money to start new companies. Previous earnings, investors, loans etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do we never forget certain techniques such as "riding a bike"? | [
"I saw a video about a week ago with a guy who learned to ride a reverse engineered bike and then he couldn't ride a regular bike until he relearned it. This doesn't really answer your question, but it was interesting."
] | [
"Like you're five? The same reason you brake a bike to a stop before you hop off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
why are all planets sphere shaped? | [
"The sphere is the most efficient way to cram the most matter into the smallest amount of space. Since gravity draws everything inward any object of sufficient mass will be spherical. Planets that rotate very fast can flatten out a bit so they're not perfect spheres. Jupiter is noticeably oblate due to its rapid ro... | [
"there is no example of a perfect circle anywhere on earth, let alone around its circumference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If CISPA is designed as a cyber terrorism bill that impedes individual privacy, why are so many big industry lobbyists throwing money at it? Wouldn't their secrets be legally just as revealed? | [
"The average American citizen doesn't have the wherewithal to make use of the information available. The companies that are backing it do, though."
] | [
"It's been passed by the House only. The Senate hasn't voted on it yet and President Obama has threatened to veto it if they do. Although, if it does, it will: * Allow the government to censor any \"cyberthreat\" online that it deems harmful. Neither \"cyberthreat\" or \"harmful\" of fully defined and extremely vag... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Government and politics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Government and politics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is your eye gyroscopic? | [
"You learn to do it. Your eye muscles are doing much the same as your arm muscles when you're carrying a tray of drinks - using feedback from what you can see to control what you're doing. Babies can't do it at all well - move a finger in front of an infant's eyes and they struggle to follow it smoothly, but then m... | [
"It helps them examine patients in environments with poor lighting. It acts as a reflector. Edit: Spelling. Typical reddit :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it the norm for the American dollar to be worth more than the canadian dollar? | [
"Let's be clear; Because a currency is worth more than another currency doesn't mean that the economy is better. Such as Cyprus, their currency exchanges twice of that of a dollar, however they have a small economy. With that out of the way, Canadia's dollar is worth less for a possible of reasons. Maybe Canada ha... | [
"Why do you think that? If you mean by how much it's worth compared to other currencies, 1 Bahrain Dinar is worth £1.69 at the moment, or $2.65, the Kuwaiti Dinar is considered the strongest of all currencies right now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do humans have to brush their teeth to keep them healthy, while other species don't? | [
"Because of sugar. It wasn't until \"recently\" in human existence that we started using artificial ingredients in our food and other byproducts. Our bodies were design to only eat meat and vegetables, things we could find out in the wilderness. Our genetic code didn't prepare our bodies to fight off the large amou... | [
"Because both things (good teeth and good skin) don't just occur naturally - they require you to take care of yourself, have a healthy diet, etc, etc Generally if you take care of your skin, you'll also be the sort of person who takes care of your teeth. And conversely if you don't take care of your skin you're pro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If it's feasible to terraform Mars, why can't we just 'terraform' the Earth in response to climate change? | [
"\"Terraforming\" gets a wrap from sci fi novels for being relatively easy to do, without understanding the scale of terraforming an entire fricken world. It's still completely theoretical. With ALL our current technology and a massive worldwide 100 year push to get the technology to do it, we still couldn't terra... | [
"We aren't running out of natural resources. That used to be an argument for environmentalism, but it died in the 70's or 80's with studies that showed there's tons of oil left in the ground and plentiful natural resources for a long time. The problem is that we are destroying our global ecosystems with fossil fuel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it that large files can't be submitted through emails | [
"Email servers were not designed to handle large files, they were designed to handle lots of small text files, and to handle them quickly. The same way extremely oversize loads are not generally permitted on freeways (which are meant for lots of small cars), and instead use methods such as trains and ships. You cou... | [
"From what I've read regarding previous discussions about archiving, archiving lessens the load on the servers, since the posts no longer have to be capable of being altered."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
what American "biscuits & gravy" is in the most British way possible as I'm 99.9% certain it's not custard creams covered in Bisto's finest. | [
"Small, savory, round, fluffy, flour breads split in half, maybe buttered, and covered in this: > Cream gravy (sawmill gravy in Southern United States cuisine) is the gravy typically used in biscuits and gravy and chicken fried steak. It is essentially a Béchamel sauce, with the roux being made of meat drippings a... | [
"That would be a curd, a predecessor of cheese. It's basically \"curdled\" (spoiled) milk, where the proteins and fats have clumped together. Trivia: In Canada, people make a delicious dish from cheese curds (not fully aged/fermented cheese), french fries and gravy, called \"poutine\". I get hungry and increase my... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why has President Obama not elected a new SCOTUS judge yet? | [
"The president doesn't elect supreme court justices. The president nominates them and then the Senate votes on them. The Senate has been refusing to vote on Obama's nominee."
] | [
"Thanks to the 25 Amendment the President is allowed to resign at any time they feel they are not capable of fulfilling the duties of the Presidency. Yes it automatically goes to the VP. The party then chooses a new VP and has that approved by the Senate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are the bottoms of wine bottles concave? | [
"It adds strength to the glass bottle. This is similar to soda cans too. I'm sure you heard that an arch is a very strong support system, right? The romans used it all the time and it is still used today. Well, what is a concave bottom of the bottle but a bunch of arches lines up into a circle? It makes for bottle... | [
"Beer will go flat sooner in plastic bottles, as it is much more porous (microscopically) than glass. By the way, beer is commonly sold in plastic bottles in places like ball parks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between property improvement and gentrification? I see gentrification referenced as a negative? Why is it seen as a bad thing? | [
"Gentrification is improving an area such that its exiting population are forced to move away from it. For example if middle class and upper class began to move to an area and slowly raised the price of the surrounding lower class land such that that lower class where forced to move out. As opposed to the lower cl... | [
"Globalist, or globalism. Generally it's used pejoratively though, as most people who talk about globalism do so in the negative. Personally, I consider myself a globalist in a positive sense, but it's not a popular view. People generally consider their culture and way of life to be superior to the rest of the worl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Gentrification:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Gentrification:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would happen if you had a tapeworm in your stomach and you ingest severely spicy hotsauce? (i.e. 16 million capsaicins or more) | [
"Tapeworms live in the intestine. Not positive but by the time it got there, probably nothing out of the ordinary."
] | [
"Human bodies are not 100%/efficient. There is a good amount of food value in solid human waste. When you eat something spicy its spiciness usually comes from a chemical called capsaicin which irritates all tissue it contacts (in mammals). This why you can irritate your eyes if you rub them after handling jalapeños... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it that Towels get dirty yet we are just drying our "clean" bodies?? | [
"As clean as you'd like to believe your body is after a shower, it isn't. There are still millions of bacteria and dead skin cells that get sloughed up into your towel, not to mention body oils and dirt that hasn't actually washed off. Also the warm moisture is a hot-bed for breeding germs."
] | [
"'Aside from showering' No. Take a shower. ...and wash your crack while you are at it. It stinks too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why can't companies include the AA/AAA batteries needed to use their product with said product? It can't be that hard to throw a few batteries in and charge a little extra. | [
"I could be wrong but batteries have both a relatively short shelf life and stronger regulatory guidelines. You don't want to deal with MSDSs if you don't have to"
] | [
"It isn't costly to the manufacturers any more than movie theater popcorn is costly to the theaters to make. It's just that the companies that make the printers realized they get more money out of you if they sell the printer for a fraction of what it's worth, and then charge several hundred times the value of the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do most two-pronged plugs have one slightly wider than the other? | [
"So that the plug isn't plugged in backwards by accident. Doing so could be dangerous."
] | [
"Oddly enough, the danger depends on which pin. On a US plug, the round pin is safe (it's the ground pin), the larger flat pin is less dangerous, and the smaller flat pin is the most dangerous to touch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do shoes have tongues? | [
"The tongue is what makes the shoe adjustable. If it was just one piece of material, it would need to be tailor made for your particular foot, and then it would be hard to put on and take off and feel uncomfortable depending on the weather and your activity. The tongue lets you move either side of the show up or d... | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Biology:"
} |
How do sports stations like ESPN show replays from multiple angles nearly seconds after the play occurs? | [
"They have rather large production crews that work behind the scenes to do exactly that. It's not like the announcers are doing it. That combined with modern computer technology let them do it in a way that seems rather seamless to the viewer."
] | [
"It works better for TV. Practically all TV is run on schedules of starting at the top of the hour or the bottom. For a sporting event, they want to have an introduction before the event starts. Sometimes they broadcast the singing of the anthems etc. they surely want to get some advertising in. They wouldn’t ha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we memorize the keys on a keyboard so well? | [
"Typing 4+ hours a day every day for 10-ish years. At times that went up to 10-15 hours a day. buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbies 200ea buying lobbi... | [
"How can you sing along mentally the first time?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some intellectuals not believe in free will? | [
"There's a really good summary of one of the arguments in Orson Scott Card's *Xenocide*. If you think of any action as the result of innate human nature like instinct combined with that person's specific history, there is only one possible decision they will ever make to any given situation. Therefore we have no f... | [
"Cultural and personal values. It's not actually important from the perspective of the universe. The universe couldn't care less about human freedom haha."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
is it possible to not have citizenship of any country? | [
"Short answer: yes, it's possible. The repercussions are that any nation can declare you persona-non-grata which means you can be arrested simply for being present in their territory. Additionally, you would be legally considered an alien anywhere you were, and have to deal with the local issues."
] | [
"why would he not be allowed to vote?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
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