query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do the Crips and the Bloods hate each other? | [
"The Crips were formed to help protect the Black community from opposition back in the 60s/70s. As time went on, however, their focuses slowly shifted from being the benevolent force to being one that promoted drug dealing and making loads of cash (They slowly became the monster). As a result, the Bloods were forme... | [
"What's a Tory, and why do so many people seem to hate them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a black hole evaporate? | [
"So, in theory, pairs of particles a and antiparticles are always popping into existence all the time and then annihilating themselves all the time. This I'd cool because there's no net change in energy. Hawking radiation is when this happens in the very edge of a black hole and one of the particles is on the outs... | [
"They would merge into a single black hole with the combined mass of both of the smaller black holes. Also, it is hypothesized that they'd emit strong gravitational waves."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
How did people move before Uhauls? | [
"Throw everything you can fit into whatever vehicles you have at your disposal, and then make more than one trip if you need to. If you don't want to make multiple trips, then you would either need to find someone else with a large vehicle or pay someone to do so, whether that be a private individual or a company w... | [
"Don't forget about all the Chinese who built railroads."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do humans not enjoy belly rubs as much as pets? | [
"Keeling over to accept a belly rub can be a sign of submission in dogs. Often a very submissive dog will expose his belly to someone without prompting. But aside from that, it's a tough area for them to scratch and they're not \"ticklish\" like many of us hairless humans are. So a belly rub scrubs the hair against... | [
"I don't think any of these answers have gotten to the heart of the question. Animals enjoy touch (mammals especially) for the same reasons people do. But of all the animals in nature, humans have the best appendages for giving massages/scratches because we have such fine control over our hands and fingers. So you ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the word "cunt" used and accepted significantly more in the UK, Ireland, and Australia than it is in the USA? | [
"It is still a vulgar word in the UK, Oz and Ireland but much less taboo because it is used more frequently and in a wider variety of situations. Yes you can still start a bar fight by aggressively calling a guy a cunt but I've heard rugby lads say \"he's a good cunt\", affectionately, about a mate."
] | [
"Since you are referring to the British Top Gear, may I assume you are not British? Pejoratives vary by culture, even when using the same language, so what may be too offensive to broadcast in one country may be inoffensive in another."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How are game shows able and willing to give so much money on a weekly/daily basis? | [
"Game shows last only 40 minutes at best, the rest of the hour is devoted to ads sold in 30 seconds or less for tens of thousands of dollars. 20 minutes worth of ads can, at 30 seconds each, bring almost 1/2 a million bucks if each slot 30 second slot is sold for $10 k, but that is a lot cheaper then they normally ... | [
"To add a few more details to the other excellent descriptions: The winner from the show gets to come back the next night and play against two new contestants. This continues until the person is defeated. The interesting thing about Jeopardy is that it's a show where you have to have pretty good breadth of knowledg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does the pitch of a musical note change over time due to changes in climate, temperature... | [
"The pitch of a note made by a physical instrument changes over time, yes. An easy way to see this is with a string instrument. The string is held under tension such that when struck somehow, it vibrates at a particular frequency (say 440Hz for a middle A note). If the instrument is tuned in a warm environment and ... | [
"It most certainly would. This is easily tested actually. When you breath in helium and then speak, the sound of your voice travels through a completely different atmosphere with a different density. Hence the change in pitch. This is directly related to it's changing speed. So if the atmosphere was comprised of di... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If there are ~4-5 births per second, then why aren't all hospitals overflowing with women on labour? | [
"There are a LOT of hospitals in the world. Many, many thousands. Those births are spread across all of them, resulting in a much lower per-hospital rate."
] | [
"It actually isn't nearly as dangerous as it used to be before civilisation. IIRC, the statistics for stone age or earlier was one third of the children and one quarter of the mothers dying during childbirth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why dont humans sleep during the day, and stay up at night? | [
"Our eyes evolved to see a color that many other mammals cannot see. That color is red. At night we cannot see any colors at all, as everything is sort of grey. Even the animals (cats) that have great night vision cannot see red. For humans the ability to see red makes being awake in the day better. We can see red... | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How is landfill stable enough to be used to make more land area? | [
"The big issue when talking about the stability of ground is the density of the material. If the landfill is packed tightly enough, it sinks into the sediment below and stabilizes."
] | [
"It gets sent to landfills. Modern landfills are made by digging large holes, compacting the trash, filling the hole, then covering it with dirt. At the end of the landfill's life cycle, it'll get planted over with new grass."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How is it that we can breathe through t-shirts/face masks, but aren't able to smell or contract anything? | [
"What are you talking about? You can certainly smell through a t-shirt, and you can contract diseases too. Actual sterile surgical masks and air filters are not a loose cotton weave like a shirt. They are very tightly woven specialty fabrics. But yes, the general theory behind filters is that they are rated to a ce... | [
"Mosquitoes (and gnats, for what it's worth) are super tiny little critters with super duper tiny little respiratory systems. Their little lungs (or equivalent, I'm not sure exactly what insects use to breathe) can't handle filtering out the smoke particles, so they stay away from it and seek a cleaner air source. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How all the different Championships work in soccer(football)? | [
"Well the team with the highest points total in the league at the end of the season wins the league, not the cup. The cups are generally speaking separate competitions and have nothing to do with the respective leagues. The UEFA Champions League, and the UEFA Euro which are large multinational tournaments, assign a... | [
"1. MLS is gaining popularity throughout the United States. 2. Americans love an underdog story. 3. Football season doesn't start till Sep 4, 2014. Edit: Spelling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Could some Canadian companies actually benefit from a drop in the value of the Canadian dollar? | [
"Absolutely, falling value of currency can definitely help companies which seek to do international business. In fact some countries, like China, purposely keep their currency value low, so that their companies are more competitive."
] | [
"Canada's economy is heavily reliant on oil. When oil prices tanked, so did the Canadian dollar."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Could the human body withstand 1/1000th of a second on the surface of the sun? | [
"I would say not. The surface of the Sun is 6000K, and the amount of radiation present at the surface of the sun would be thousands or millions of rads. The radiation alone would kill you. From a heat perspective, the mean particle speed at 6000K is about 6000m/s (just a coincidence), so in that 1/1000 of a second,... | [
"If we were able to build a building up to the height of the International Space Station, people on the roof would still experience 90% of the gravity they would on the ground. If you went 15 times further than that, you'd still experience 25% of the gravity on earth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Physics:"
} |
Why do we take anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen), when that is our body's healing response? | [
"Inflammation actually slows the healing process, but usually allows moderate usage of the injured limb for the duration. As early humans couldn't just lay up on the couch for a week, it was beneficial for them to be 75% mobile for a month instead. Now, we can take that week at 0% and be done with it."
] | [
"You have cause and effect backward. Disease is not caused by inflammation; inflammation is a symptom of disease. Specifically, it's your body's immune response."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is is easier to sneeze when looking into a bright light? | [
"If this happens to you, you probably possess the [Photic Sneeze Reflex](_URL_0_) also known as (ugh) ACHOO. It's similar to an allergic reaction to bright light."
] | [
"Is it blinking? Probably a plane. Is it not blinking? Probably a satellite. Is it daytime? Probably glaucoma. Have you gone and rubbed your eyes really hard for a minute? Stop doing that. Is it daytime and the dots are moving in waves? You might have parasites in your eye. Is it daytime and you've recently had las... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are bogs so good at preserving organic material? | [
"The broad answer: loss of sunlight and oxygen (due to excess pigmented and colloidal organic material), low pH, (due to organic acids, especially humic acids), and low N, K, and P content (bogs are usually relatively upland, and away from volcanic soils or metamorphic mineral soils). Corrections to my description ... | [
"Because DNA simply doesn't last that long. DNA degrades over time after an organism dies. Even under the best circumstances, DNA completely degrades in about 6.8 million years. Dinosaurs have been dead for nearly 10 times longer than that. There's simply no dinosaur DNA left to use."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does our government pay a group of people to hack the Tor network when Tor is 80% funded by the government? | [
"The government isn't perfectly unified. Different departments have different interests. Sometimes this means they work in opposite directions. The DoD wants a network that could be used by spies to phone home. But allowing others to use this network enhances the security by allowing the spies to hide in the crowd ... | [
"It's really easy for China to deny involvement. If the USA got too picky China would pull up cases of USA-based attacks on Chinese industry and make a scene. Also GitHub isn't a major infrastructure of the United States. It's not even a minor one, it's an independent entity that happens to be incorporated and run ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Is our vision limited by our eyes or our brains? In other words, why can't I see molecules? | [
"> And if not, why not? You can't look at molecules with your eyes or any other lensed device because the molecules are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, and light with a small enough wavelength would just blast them apart. It would be like trying to determine the texture of a pea by throwing cars at it... | [
"Well, some people are color blind. The world is bound to look different for them. There is no way of knowing if people with normal vision all perceive colors the same way, though. I don't think the color of your eyes has any impact on what colors you can see."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is considered to be second hand smoke? | [
"All of the posts so far talk about a very literal definition, which is not useful if you're worried about your health. The medical use of the term talks about exposure to smoke in an enclosed space like a house, car, or restaurant. Smoke cannot be dispersed indoors. It becomes concentrated to the point where it's ... | [
"More to the point: Why is dental work not considered to be medical work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why, when you're drinking, can you hold your urge to pee for a long time and then when you pee for the first time, you suddenly gotta go once every five minutes after? | [
"It takes a while for your body to register the alteration in hydration/water levels, so it takes a while for the first pee to come. After you body has caught up, it needs to then keep on top of the situation, so to speak, so you pee more regularly until you're back to regular hydration levels. When you drink, it d... | [
"Wait until you need to pee. Then don't go. You will be able to ignore it at first, maybe even forget you needed to go. Eventually the urge will come back, stronger this time. Still, try to resist. Do not go. You may or may not be able to ignore it at this point. Keep at it. At some point, it will become the ONLY t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is it so hard for some people to rub their stomach and pat their head at the same time? | [
"It's a limb independence issue. Your limbs want to work in tandem with each other to do tasks (like walking), so there is some extra training needed to get them to do different things. Most of these things you pick up as a toddler and never notice that they were difficult for you. A good example of something that ... | [
"He's an experiment: * Put your right hand on your head. * Put your left hand on your stomach. * Start patting your right hand up and down on your head. * Start rubbing your left hand clockwise around your stomach Now, if you did what I said, have you been hypnotised? Hypnotism is just getting people to do what you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why am I extremely ticklish but my wife isn't at all? | [
"The \"ticklish\" factor is actually a misfiring of pain receptors and neurons, and it isn't genetic so far as I know, it is unique to each individual. How ticklish a person is comes down to how sensitive pain receptors are and if they cause a neuron misfiring when activated."
] | [
"I'm 22 and I've never had a wetdream. Is that normal?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about NSFW:"
} |
How did Lance Armstrong able to manage test negative for doping for so long? | [
"AND when you consistently have a red blood cell count that remains elevated over extended periods, you are at an increased risk of developing cancer. *HELLO metastatic testicular cancer..."
] | [
"In some cases, athletes only get tested randomly, so there is a good chance that they will never be tested. Secondly, even if an athlete is selected for testing, there are some ways to cheat the exam."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How comes movies nowadays can still turn out to be complete trainwrecks despite high budget and good actors? | [
"When you watch a movie you are watching a compilation of tens, if not hundreds, of smaller scenes that were filmed in a different order than the chronology of the final film in different places involving different groups of people. The directors, acrors, writers, production team etc have a vision of what they want... | [
"It's not a purely technical definition - the definition will vary from person to person and from context. Generally a triple A game is one that receives a large amount funding, normally from a major publisher, which is often visible in the number and quality of assets in the game. This doesn't necessarily mean the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does a helmet-to-helmet hit only hurt 1 player? | [
"The defender is usually in a position in which they can deliver that blow with the crown (forehead) of the helmet. The neck is strongest against being bent backwards and the defender is prepared for impact in that region. On the flip side, the offensive player’s neck is going to snap one way or the other. There’s ... | [
"In the same vein, why does a 'tap' to the balls often hurt so much more than a good ol' punch?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What happened to popular musicians writing their own music? | [
"They still do. Also, they didn't do so as often in the past as you might think. In fact, I would say the ratio of artists who write their own songs to artists who do not is probably very similar today compared to 50 years ago."
] | [
"To give them time to tour their current album and work on writing new songs. Also that may be what their contract says."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the simplest task our brains perform that super computers have trouble doing? | [
"Actual AI stuff aside: Humans are really good at pattern recognition. We can recognize human faces like nobodies business. We can even see faces were there aren't any, like cloud, shower-curtains or pieces of toast."
] | [
"A computer is good at doing several very easy tasks, but with very high speed, which can add up and produce something that is impressive because it would take humans extremly long to do the same. Math is one of those easy tasks, when it comes down to it, it's really simple and computers are good at really simple ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does pressure work? Why is the pressure in the Mariana Trench 1000x more than at sea level? | [
"lay down, put a blanket on you, now another blanket, now another one. Eventually you'll be like \"shit this is heavy\". That's because all of those objects are pushing down on you. Water does the same thing, air does too but we're used to it."
] | [
"Because Mars' atmosphere is insignificant; the surface pressure is only 600 pascals. By comparison, Earth's surface pressure is 101,000 pascals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what exactly are we "hearing" when we experience our thoughts? | [
"/r/askscience/ probably is more appropriate, but I can tell you in advance that we know very little about human mind. You should see these videos about human brain: _URL_1_ _URL_0_"
] | [
"Because you don't know what you're supposed to do with your mouth and tongue to produce the sounds you can hear in your mind."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Speech and Language:"
} |
Why is it I eat a clove of garlic and it spews out of my pores for 2 days, killing those around--but if I eat a slice of apple pie I don't smell like a bakery? | [
"A quick search shows something called allicin causes the smell, which then breaks down into four other compounds. Looks like the worst of them is allyl methyl sulfide, which can linger in your body for a long time. Also gets into your sweat and urine. I assume that, while tasty, the apple pie doesn't have anything... | [
"I always thought it was your salivary glands going totally nuts for a second because they know it's about to be on like donkey kong. Whenever I have a bag of sour rope candy, just thinking about eating it is like opening the flood gates of saliva."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do companies tell if their advertising is doing any good? | [
"You collect data. Companies are constantly collecting data on number of sales, brand awareness, loyalty etc etc. Those figures will have general trends. You just end up comparing the figures before you started your campaign and afterwards and see if it deviates from the general trend. If you want to be even more s... | [
"Just because they are profitable doesn't mean every single thing they do generates revenue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:"
} |
Why does everything seem to get louder when I'm tired? | [
"You are tired when it is dark. When it is dark, there a fewer cars on the road, fewer people outside, fewer construction projects in the distance... which means there is less noise pollution. Because there is less noise pollution, you do not need to make the volume on devices as loud to hear them adequately. We're... | [
"Everything seems a little slower, you seem a little off balance, and life is more entertaining. Source: I'm pretty drunk right now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When and how does a baby chicken realize it's in an egg and needs to get out? | [
"When the chick gets to large and runs out of its food source (the yolk) it either has to leave the egg or it will die."
] | [
"Everyone is born in an egg. Just some species keep the eggs inside mommy till they hatch and some pop the egg out early to hatch in the nest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How come ATT can't give me the prices that Cricket uses? ATT owns Cricket, another cell phone provider. They have completely different plan options, but will not offer them through each other??? | [
"They probably offer lower end devices or different quality of service for Cricket to offset the price difference. Similar scenario with Sprint and Boost. Just trying to attract a different audience."
] | [
"To add on to what u/catching_signals said these telephone companies are greedy and ruthless. They charge us huge amounts of money for something that probably costs them a fraction of the price. These corporations have huge amounts of money. TENS of billions of dollars. ATnT and Verizon are the bigger companies reg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is the American flag backwards when on uniforms? | [
"It's supposed to represent the direction the flag would be streaming if the soldier were charging forward. Showing it the other way would suggest backward movement."
] | [
"The creator of the flag redesigned it when it looked awkwardly placed when hung vertically on lamp posts, obscuring the center stripe with the post itself. It also used to have hot pink, but getting enough fabric of that color proved difficult for mass production at the time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are there no parachutes in planes as a security measure? | [
"because it's kind of hard to have 300 people that don't know jack about putting a parachute on try to do it with the plane falling out of the air. and it's pretty lethal to jump out of an airliner going 500mph, even if you're a professional skydiver. and if the pilot was in control enough to slow the plane down ... | [
"Fighter jets are air breathing. There is no air in space. For the same reason, there's no sonic boom in space either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to the energy produced when an engine is revved? | [
"It's going into heat, as any physics student could have told you. Specifically, the hot gasses are producing lots of hot exhaust blowing out into the atmosphere, and a good part of them are heating the cylinder head which will heat the coolant. Also the increased friction of higher revs will heat the coolant and o... | [
"They consume more in neutral, as the engine has to be fed gas to keep running. When in gear, the engine is being driven by the wheels and requires no fuel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Gradient Descent Algorithm | [
"Imagine you're stranded in a mountainous area, and you're blindfolded. You'll be rescued if you reach the lowest point in a valley. Your only knowledge of your immediate surroundings comes from placing your foot one step away from yourself, and estimating which direction takes you the furthest downward. That's it ... | [
"[Better Explained: Understanding Quake's Fast Inverse Square Root](_URL_1_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can a healthy diet and exercise "unclog" arteries? | [
"Arteries are clogged by a poor diet which causes excess cholesterol and plaque to build up on the arteries. Eating a healthy diet lowers cholesterol, which means the buildup of material on arteries slows down. Exercise causes the blood to be pumped faster through the body, which helps scrape plaque off the arterie... | [
"For the heart attacks and stroke risks: aspirin thins out your blood, lowering the stress on the veins and arteries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why video games cost so much to create? | [
"Licenses for the engines and other assets. Many designers, artists, modelers, riggers, testers, etc. A building for everyone to work in. And increasing demand for more features, better graphics, etc."
] | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If humans already radiate infrared radiation, why is micro and radio waves harmful to us, if they are of lower frequency? | [
"Microwaves and radio waves **aren't** harmful to us. Not unless they're powerful enough to cook us, which is also a danger with very strong infrared light."
] | [
"> I know it uses radioactivity to heat up food Nope. it does not. It does use radiation, but not radioactivity. Radioactivity refers to elements that naturally emit radiation. It is not a synonym for radiation. Radiation is not all bad - for instance sunshine is radiation. Yup. in fact ALL light is radiation, as a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If a non-smoker started a nicotine patch program prior to smoking, would they gain any benefit from this? | [
"Nicotine is not the most dangerous part of smoking. It's all the other chemicals and the carbon monoxide and other stuff that I'm not remembering right now. Don't smoke. It's stupid. Unless you are already addicted to it, there's really no rational reason to have a cigarette. All it will do is create a dependenc... | [
"No studies have been done about this level of smoking. The data we have usually defines a smoker as someone who smokes at least 5 a day (or 3 a day in some cases). So, in other words, people can speculate and try to give you an answer, but they don't know. It is most likely that this level is not worse then you'd ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I have heard that in quantum mechanics, simply OBSERVING something can change the way it behaves. How is this possible? | [
"I forgot where I read this, but this helped me conceptualize it. On the quantum level, we're talking about very very tiny particles. In order to \"see\" them, we need to shine light on it, which means we need to bounce a photon off of it. However at our small scale, a collision with a photon would alter the behavi... | [
"So... in physics when we say something BEHAVES as a wave, that is just a convenient way to conceptualize some of its properties. For example, we say that light can BEHAVE as both a wave and a particle depending on certain conditions. This does not mean that light physically transforms between a wave and a particle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why do people sometimes get runny noses when they eat? | [
"It's called 'gustatory rhinorrhea' - in some cases a reaction to spicy foods which are an irritant; in other cases, like if your nose runs no matter what you're eating, its a mistaken stimulation of the nerves running to your nose that create mucous - the nerves that control saliva flow upon thinking about eating,... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is it when I'm riding in the car I almost become narcoleptic and fall asleep without trying? | [
"Let me also add that this has happened all my life in a multitude of different cars under different types of conditions such as being first thing in the morning after a nap at almost any time I'm in a car I get sleepy unless I'm pounding back coffee like it's water or other substances"
] | [
"Can I add a relevant addendum to your question? It takes me forever to fall asleep and I'm a light sleeper, but my friend can literally fall asleep in seconds and is a heavy sleeper. How?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Sleep and boredom:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and boredom:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do car keys work? | [
"Are talking about electronic keys? If yes, then here's an answer. I can only speak very broadly about this but I can give you a better idea. Basically, the security from those keys come from the *information* they contain. For example, a car key might contain a \"secret number\" which the car also knows, and wha... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do hotels/motels not run out of hot water? | [
"Depends where in the world you are. Here in Australia, a lot of newer hotels use massive instant-hot water heaters. Meaning they don't store tanks of hot water, rather they heat water as needed. Plenty of smaller places (motels) use the same principal, but rather a small instant heater for each room. This is also ... | [
"They charge more because (1) they can and (2) it costs them more. (1) is self-explanatory: they can charge you more and since it's still cheaper than getting two rooms you'll pay it. For (2), it costs more because housekeepers need to spend more time cleaning up after 4 people, you use more water, more towels, mor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does gym affects growth in teenagers(like 16 y/o) | [
"It doesn't. No research has demonstrated, beyond injuring yourself, that lifting has any effect on normal growth."
] | [
"There are several methods, [here](_URL_0_) is one. My son is currently 2 months old and 25.5\" (99 percentile) and 13.2 pounds (50 percentile), I am 6'3\", mother is 5'6\" the estimate is that he will be 6'2\". Check with me in 20 years and I'll let you know how accurate this estimate is..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Difference between jam, jelly, and preservatives? | [
"In jelly, the fruit comes in the form of fruit juice. In jam, the fruit comes in the form of fruit pulp or crushed fruit (and is less stiff than jelly as a result). In preserves, the fruit comes in the form of chunks in a syrup or a jam. /endthread."
] | [
"They often will. Damaged fruits are what are sold to companies that make sauces, ketchup, and the like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
given the number of people who died on the Titanic, how come we've never found any remains on the wreck? | [
"Human bodies rot or get consumed by marine life. The Titanic sank in 1912, found in 1985. Submersibles didn't see it until about 1987. Any bodies down there long since rotted away."
] | [
"Ship-builders can re-create Titanic without picking up the submerged pieces. They have the designs with them and there's nothing special about these designs. The important question to ask is why would we want to reconstruct the Titanic. The only reason Titanic is famous is because the ship sank and we got to se... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does it feel colder than it actually is when the wind is blowing? | [
"First reason is that wind is forcing convection, that is, it's renewing the layer of air around you. So the air you already heated is taken away and substituted by cold air faster than it would naturally (due to buoyancy of hot air). Second is that the wind mechanically helps evaporating water from your skin, whi... | [
"Putting the fan on you causes a breeze which cools you down. Pointing the fan out is blowing the hot air out, thereby causing negative air pressure inside the house and forcing fresh air to flow in. So, if it is hotter outside than in, point your fan at you. If it is hotter inside than out, point your fan out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is testosterone legally prescribed for transgender but not bodybuilding/muscle gain? | [
"Because the trans man has a recognized medical condition and the dude just trying to bulk up doesn't. And because the trans man is only going to normal male levels of testosterone - which are relatively safe - not pushing it to dangerously high levels by adding more on top of typical male production."
] | [
"They will frequently be taking steroids/testosterone in order to build the relevant muscle-mass. Testosterone is the primary hormone responsible for male dimorphism (physical differences) which includes both muscle-mass and other features. It is next to impossible for females to build the extreme bulk of bodybuile... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why can't the world adopt a single currency? | [
"If the world adopted a single currency, who would it trust to manage the money supply? Whoever it did would also have to take into account that 1% inflation for a rich country is VERY different from 1% inflation for a poor country, so it would have to either force hyperinflation on the poor or stagnation on the ri... | [
"how can people in a very hot climate practice snow sports?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Public and Private Keys | [
"The best way to understand this in an ELI5 way is this: you and your friend send each other messages. You put the message in a box, give the box to a messenger, and he takes the box to your friend. Since the box is unlocked, the messenger can look inside and read your note. To stop this, the next time you want a ... | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:"
} |
Why does breathing into a bag help you stop hyperventilating? | [
"When you hyperventilate, you exhale too much CO2. This causes your blood to become too basic, which is bad. When you breath into a bag you will inhale some of the lost CO2 causing your blood to become more acidic again. Your brain likes this and slows down your respiratory rate. When running you accumulate CO2 in ... | [
"Inhaling deeply, or specifically mildly hyperventilating, can help you if you are about to engage in strenuous aerobic activity or holding your breath. It won't mean more \"focus\" though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How/why are my smartphones making me better and more confident in math? | [
"Pretty cool what you can do when you practice it *every day*, huh?"
] | [
"A little of everything. How to learn, what to learn, how to adjust socially, keeping kids out of trouble, catching early warning signs. There are many reasons for school"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is lead so much more poisonous than other metals? | [
"Lead is not really the most toxic metal. Keep in mind that arsenic and mercury are metals too. What makes lead so special is that it sits in a sweet spot between stuff that is really bad for you (most heavy metals are) and which exist in large quantities and has useful properties. You won't built tools or stuff li... | [
"A metal is generally a material that is hard, usually shiny, and can be shaped. It can either be an element or a mixture of elements. A metal that's made up of a mixture is called an alloy. Steel for example, is a mixture of iron and carbon. Bronze is a mixture of copper and tin. The rare earth metals are a speci... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do certain muscles on my body sometimes "pulse"? | [
"The NIH has a nice simple page explaining various causes. They're usually benign and nothing to worry about. _URL_0_ If it's concerning you, the first steps are: * ease up on the caffeine * make sure you're eating well and not getting a nutritional deficiency, and * try to manage your stress, maybe with some relax... | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why is Linux more secure even though its open source? | [
"> If the code is available doesn't that mean malicious people can find the vulnerabilities more easily? Yes it does. But on the other hand, if malicious parties can find out the vulnerabilities, so too can people who are actively working to make it safer. Remember that your average malicious hacker, notwithstandin... | [
"There are more than those 3 operating systems: examples are the three you listed, Unix and BSD. Unix is the grandfather of operating systems. BSD, Linux and Mac OS are all Unix-like OS'. Linux is an operating system (like Windows), but the main difference between Linux and Windows or Mac OS is that most Linux sys... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about technology:"
} |
If the recession ended five years ago, why does the economy still seem so bad? | [
"Because we haven't fully recovered from the recession. Think of it like your house burning down. The fire stopped months ago, but you still aren't in a new house and all your clothes smell like smoke."
] | [
"How bad is it *right now*? Not that bad. But it's going to get a lot worse in the next hundred years or so. That's a big part of why it seems like nobody's working to fix it: the consequences aren't immediate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Science:"
} |
Why do little kids seem so much more creative than adults? | [
"Kids don't understand physical limitations or impossibilities. They're more creative because they don't consider what they can't do, just what they want."
] | [
"Maybe they're stereotyped as being more gullible or they're seen as more likely to be bored with nothing to do but look at their phones all day. Just a guess. Not meant to be offensive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are we sometimes incoherent when we first wake up? | [
"For the same reason you're not completely coherent after a surgery. Sleep is a physiological state. It involves chemicals and hormones that regulate different bodily functions, some of which have an impact on your brain and CNS (central nervous system). Like a hangover, those effects can linger for some amount of ... | [
"A better question might be: why is your grammar worsens when you're drunk?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Depression cause physical aches and pains? | [
"Physical pain and depression have a deeper biological connection than simple cause and effect; the neurotransmitters that influence both pain and mood are serotonin and norepinephrine. Dysregulation of these transmitters is linked to both depression and pain. Sources My own personal symptoms and treatment and _URL... | [
"If you have half or more of the following symptoms **for more than two weeks**, or if any symptoms are **impairing your ability to function**, then you may have a clinical depression: * 1. Persistently sad, anxious or empty mood. * 2. Sleeping too little (awakening in the early morning and unable to go back to sle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The Scientific-Method[LI5] | [
"Like you're five. Here goes. 1. Get an idea, and write it down. \"I think that grass grows faster if you play music next to it\" 2. Try out your idea using an experiment. Experiments need to have at least 2 parts. A control group (Grass grown normally) and your test group (grass grown with music playing). Since al... | [
"[Better Explained: Understanding Quake's Fast Inverse Square Root](_URL_1_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What exactly is happening when a plane breaks the speed of sound? | [
"It's called a Prandtl–Glauert singularity. It is a cloud of water vapor that forms due to a drop in air pressure as the aircraft passes the sound barrier. As an aircraft accelerates towards the speed of sound, the air pressure around the craft increases exponentially to (mathematically) infinite pressure. As the c... | [
"If you were traveling faster than the speed of light"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can a guitar stay reasonably in tune for days at a time, whereas a violin may need to be re-tuned even within the same long practice session? | [
"The shape of a violin causes the top to expand and contract regularly with the weather, which moves the bridge, which stretches against the strings and loosens them. [Source: see top reply, which is from a professional.](_URL_0_) I would guess that a guitar's relatively heavy construction, large size, and big flat... | [
"During sleep, the vocal cords sit there unused and \"loosen up\" a bit because the muscles have been in a resting state so long. The effect is like loosening the tuning screw on a guitar string, the pitch shifts down a bit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why are corporations not subject to progressive taxation, like individuals? It would seem as though the same rational would apply. | [
"Not sure what country you are in, but in the U.S. there is a progressive tax rate for corporate income. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Socialism is a system of economics, not government. It's seen as preferable to capitalism (though not necessarily superior) because it allows for more even distribution of wealth and resources eg universal healthcare and tuition-free post-secondary education. This must obviously be funded somehow, and the solution... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why exactly is it 2018? | [
"A Christian committee decided to base a European calendar after an estimate of the year of Jesus's birth, which would be roughly year 1. This is now the calendar used in most of the world, but not all."
] | [
"A hundred years ago? Do you mean 5,000 years ago?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does eating just before bed make you feel really hungry in the morning? | [
"Depends n what you eat. Food rich in complex carbohydrates (sugar etc) will create an insulin rise that will make you hungry."
] | [
"So this is anecdotal since I am a case study of one, but for me I feel nauseated in the morning if I don't get a full 8 hours of sleep. If I get fewer than 7 hours sleep I can't eat breakfast for at least an hour and brushing my teeth makes me feel worse. The less sleep I get, the worse the reaction. If I get 8 or... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do I have ugly handwriting if I've been doing it for so long? | [
"There was a similar tread asking, \"If I shot a basketball 1,000 times, and miss 1,000...\" and the idea is if you really do miss every single shot after that many tries, the you're practicing the same bad form and not adjusting at all. Practice makes permanent, not perfect."
] | [
"Once, when I was about 9 or so, I decided that I wanted to change my handwriting to the \"a\" version of the letter. (This is important because my name has an \"a\" in it). I wrote it over and over again in class until it stuck. Actually, I kept that up for about 3 or 4 years. Then I decided I didn't like the way ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
When I use the Unreal Engine 4 to make a game and publish it, how exactly do I pay the devs of the Unreal Engine? | [
"You owe Epic 5% royalties of any money you make from using Unreal Engine 4, after the first US$3000. That way, it's free for people to learn and play around with, but they'll still make tons of money if any big studios use it to make successful games."
] | [
"There's no issues with buying assets and using them in an otherwise unique game. Asset-flipping is when you download the free game that comes with assets to demo them, and try to pass that off as your own. That said, its worth learning 3d modelling"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people get dark circles/bags under their eyes when tired or sick? | [
"It is fluid buildup under your eyes. Since the skin around our eyes is the thinnest skin in our bodies, it shows fluid retention more than other places. There are three main reasons why this might happen: 1. Salt. Osmosis means that fluids in your body travel from low-salt areas to high-salt areas. So if you're c... | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does holding in our breath allow us to exert more force? | [
"Valsalva (holding your breath) tends to help stabilize your core by increasing intra-abdominal pressure, allowing you to apply maximal force. It is like trying to push something with a wet noodle vs. a dry one. Obviously this is only really important on maximum effort things and does raise your blood pressure, so... | [
"It releases tension and pressure and the more you do it the more you enjoy it. It's like most things that have to deal with pleasure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do snipers work? | [
"there's a lot of mathematical thought before a shot is actually taken. Working out the distance would be usually the first thing and then complicated equations such as bullet trajectory and drop are also calculated, these calculations are also affected by the wind and its direction as the longer the bullet has lef... | [
"Related question: What if I want to become a mercenary? What do I do?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If my TV is running at 60hz, how can it show YouTube videos or video files at 24fps? | [
"your TV simply shows the same picture many times. 60Hz/24fps means your TV shows the same image 2.5 times. Now you might have noticed that the Hz on your TV and the fps on the youtube video doesn't split even. So some TV's mash up the \"half\" image together with the image that comes after that to make it smoother... | [
"> Are sporting events not shot in 60 fps Whether they're shot in 60fps or not, they're not *broadcast* at 60fps. TV is not 60fps, it is 30/1.001fps (29.97) or 25fps, or in interlaced form, 59.94i (which means 59.94 screen updates per second, but each update only applies to half the screen, so you're only getting 2... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do birds all sit on power lines together? | [
"There are also birds in trees, on rooftops, etc. Power lines provide a good perch for birds to look around for food without fear of predators on the ground. There are power lines all over so they can find them easily."
] | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Bird behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Bird behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What's up with the massive hype of Deadpool as opposed to other Marvel characters/movies? | [
"It's an interesting character design because a) he doesn't give a fuck and will say whatever is on his mind, b) he breaks the fourth wall, literally all the time, which leads to other characters thinking he's insane, and c) the books have always been, to me, incredibly fun to read, and the fact that they are getti... | [
"Simply put: Sony will lose the rights to the Spiderman character if they don't keep making movies. They'll return to Marvel. This is also why an X-Men movie comes out almost every other year and they're rebooting the Fantastic Four."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do they make some new muscle/pony/sports cars sound like a carborated "gas guzzling" car, and what are the advantages/disadvantages to this modification? | [
"In some cases they intentionally reduce the efficiency of the muffler. In same cases, amazingly, they even add an actual speaker that plays a recorded fake engine noise inside the car. I wish I were joking."
] | [
"because emissions on cars are a lot more strict and mostly for cars, manufacturers want noise suppression. for motorcycles like harley's their selling point is the noise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does diplomatic immunity exist? What's the benefit? | [
"It exists because every country wants their own diplomats to feel safe when working in other countries with very different laws, and the only way to guarantee that is to give the same courtesy to others. Imagine a world without such immunity. Canada appoints a woman as deputy ambassador to Saudi Arabia. She gets ... | [
"They provide services that the public requires and their failure might mean bad things for society as a whole. That's the argument at least. Not sure if I agree with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does a magnetic hotel key card become demagnetized when near a mobile device but a credit card is fine? | [
"b/c the credit card is magnetized using a stronger magnet since you dont need to magnetize it again. but with a hotel keycard you need to magnetize it many times throughout it;s life so the threshold to overwrite it is not as strong."
] | [
"There are two electronics components that are sensitive to magnets: cathode ray tube (CRT) screens and hard drives. Your phone does not have either of those- it has an LED or LCD screen instead of a CRT and uses flash memory instead of a hard drive. With credit cards, the magnetic strip will get messed up with a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do people get hungry again after eating Chinese food? | [
"Chinese food tends to be highly focused on carbohydrates, with a minimal splash of protein and almost no fat. Since carbohydrates digest quickly, you are hungry earlier than if you had been eating a meal heavier in fat/protein (such as a typically 'American' meal like a burger)."
] | [
"Try eating later in the day not everyone is designed to eat immediately or even within two hours of waking up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
if huricanes rain sweet water and they rain a lot of it does it make sea/ocean less salty for a moment? F.E. is caribian near texas less salty now? | [
"where do you think the water comes from? It's evaporated sea water. So essentially the ocean got a little bit saltier and now goes back towards the \"normal\" value. sure, there are regional differences in the ocean water (it doesnt rain where it evaporated). But in the end compared to the huge amount of water in ... | [
"by everything do u mean ice too? cause i imagine removing the artic and antarctic ice would cause a noticable drop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do police evidence videos end up online? | [
"Sometimes leaked but you can usually get them through the freedom of information act unless it is pending investigation or prosecution."
] | [
"If I can ask a follow-up: How did these companies respond to being targeted?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
"The Youth" in the UK | [
"Youths are teenagers. Chavs are scummy, usually working class, ill educated delinquents. They dress in tracksuits, I presume you'd call them gym clothes or something along those lines. Okay this all goes back to post war UK. Council estates were built everywhere in order to accommodate the influx of migrants and... | [
"Try bitterly divided by David Williams and also plain folk in a rich mans war by David Williams."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How lighters, propane tanks, etc. don't explode when in use? | [
"For fire to burn it needs oxygen (Aka. it needs air), no air in the lighter, or the propane tank = no fire in the lighter or propane tank"
] | [
"It probably can't cause an explosion. In fact it probably won't even cause a fire. However the incidence of people accidentally leaving their cars in gear and plowing into pumps greatly decreases if they turn their cars off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do websites like _URL_0_ work? | [
"Hits (people visiting the page) generate a 'value' of a website for selling ad space. The more you click, the more money they make, thus being able to afford rice which is already relatively cheap. I think."
] | [
"This might help: _URL_4_ Be sure to watch them all"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do we sweat when we eat spicy food? | [
"Capsaicin, the chemical in spicy food responsible for the feeling of heat, actually triggers the same reaction in your body that *real* heat does. Your body thinks its the same thing, so it reacts the same way, by sweating."
] | [
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do people cooking up methamphetamines need cold medicine as an ingredient? | [
"[Methamphetamine](_URL_0_) has a very similar chemical structure to the common cold medicine [Pseudoephedrine](_URL_1_) (brand name Sudafed). A very minor chemical change has to be performed to convert this specific cold medicine into the illegal drug. Look at the pictures in the links. There's only one atom diffe... | [
"Doctors were given perks for overprescribing opiates and this got tons of people’s addicted to OxyContin. Once you get cut off, and due to price of oxy skyrocketing to a dollar per mg if not more people turned to heroin because it’s cheaper and easier to get. The FDA also made it a lot harder to make meth when th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why sexuality is or is not a choice | [
"Assuming your talking about gay/straight: Beyond the thought experiment (when did you choose to be attracted to the same/opposite(/both) sex(es)? could you unchoose it right now?), it appears that there are strong correlations between various biological features (like the relative size of fingers, or the sexual ch... | [
"Gender is definitely a thing, but a lot of what it means to be a particular gender is dependent on your culture. In other words, it's a social construct."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are men allowed to be guards at women's prisons? | [
"It's important to understand that is fiction largely. Prison staff are unisex across the country no matter the location or type. This creates problems in both male and female prisons. However, the government has determined that this is not enough of a concern to prohibit one from a prison job."
] | [
"Because they're not allowed to use chewing tobacco in the dugouts anymore"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What, exactly, is Petro-Yuan and how will it affect the US dollar? | [
"It creates an automatic demand for dollars that keeps the value of the currency high. We could produce no exports of any kind, and the money would stay valuable because everyone needs to buy oil, and oil only sells for dollars. It's pretty unlikely that China will make that move in the near future, since devaluing... | [
"Not a direct answer to your question but it is important to understand the relationship between the US and Saudi Arabia. And why we often look past their darker side. It is basically this. When we got rid of the gold standard we worked out a deal with Saudi Arabia that we would help defend them and in return they ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is it that everyone always tells you to avoid looking directly into light, yet when you go for an eye test, they do nothing but shine light into your eyes for the whole half hour? | [
"It's kind of like the difference between standing next to the melted reactor core of Chernobyl and getting an Xray. Your eyes are constantly exposed to bright, damaging light, especially UV light from the sun. A few minutes of bright light at the optometrist isn't going to contribute significantly, especially beca... | [
"Is it blinking? Probably a plane. Is it not blinking? Probably a satellite. Is it daytime? Probably glaucoma. Have you gone and rubbed your eyes really hard for a minute? Stop doing that. Is it daytime and the dots are moving in waves? You might have parasites in your eye. Is it daytime and you've recently had las... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why Joe Paterno is guilty of covering up for Sandusky and why the recent punishment handed down from the NCAA was just. | [
"Because child molesting is pretty darned serious, and Paterno and the other top brass knew that it was happening, yet decided to look the other way rather than upset their winning football formula and risk losing support from students and alumni. The sanctions are a wakeup call to Penn State and other universities... | [
"He hit his kid with a \"switch\" (usually thin tree branch with the leaves ripped off) as a way of discipline, but apparently it left some pretty bad marks which makes it look like he went too far with corporal punishment and possibly crossed into abuse. Hard to say exactly what could happen with his career, but ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does fruit ripen when it’s not on the plant that it grew on? | [
"A picked fruit *is still alive* and is producing ripening hormones and still developing through cell maturity and chemical processes such as turning starch into sugar."
] | [
"That's what the edible part of an apple is for. Nutrition for the seed so it can grow into a tree. It usually doesn't happen till the apple starts rotting or is on the ground."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is it really necessary to neuter my indoor male cat? | [
"Necessary for what? A non-neutered cat will survive just fine. However, neutering can reduce the chance of an unwanted and unanticipated litter, if you have a potentially reproductive pair, or your animal escapes. It can also reduce some behaviors that many pet owners consider undesirable, like spraying. It can po... | [
"Rabbits, both female and male, mount and hump each other as a sign of dominance. Rabbits tend to be very territorial and surprisingly aggressive. Sorry if this answer isn't super in depth. Hopefully someone with a more satisfying explanation will come along. Source: Owned two rabbits (one male, one female). They w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do green olives come in resealable jars and black olives come in cans? | [
"It's worth noting that plenty of kinds of black olives *do* come in jars. The only ones that come in cans are the artificially-ripened ones."
] | [
"Mayonnaise starts to go bad once it's exposed to air. It's the same reason why jars of mayo are sold on the shelf, unrefrigerated, but must be stored in a refrigerator once opened."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What would the economic impact be, especially on inflation, if 100% of fast food workers' wages were suddenly raised to $15? | [
"Probably not much. The question has been asked by a large number of people, and the general consensus has been that you'd expect the cost of a MacDonald's extra value meal go up around $0.75 if you raised the national minimum wage to $15/hour. The biggest risk is that is people making $7.25 suddenly made $15, thos... | [
"People working for minimum wage tend to spend what they make; increasing this means more money being circulated buying goods and services and stimulating the economy. It also leads to less of a burden on social programs, so lower deficits and federal debt. When workers make more, they tend to be more loyal to thei... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are password manager programmes considered secure? Surely hackers then only need to access one piece of software to have access to all accounts. | [
"With password managers, your passwords are encrypted, and are only decrypted on your local computer. So the only way that anyone can access your passwords is if they have control of the computer you're on (via a virus or trojan horse), in which case they could already read every password you type *anyway*, even if... | [
"The concern isn't hackers trying your password in a website's log-in form. It's hackers stealing the entire password database off of a website and trying to reverse the passwords on their own computers, with no attempt limits. If you have an insecure password that's been re-used, they can figure out what password ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What do the suffixes on Indian names signify? | [
"Indian names often have meanings. So usually names have like ubercool meanings. So you could have a kid called just Deep. Deep means light. or you could name him gyaandeep! The Light of knowledge. That being said not every suffix works like this, and also not all Indian names have common suffixes."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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