query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do king size cigarette packs cost the same as regular packs? | [
"The vast majority of the price of cigarettes in the UK is tax and duty. When you take all that away the actual cost of the cigarettes is tiny, so making them slightly longer wouldn't affect the price much. I assume Canada is much the same"
] | [
"They are involved. In fact in the 70s the tobacco companies did a study. They would sell joints in packs of four because they used to package sample packs of cigarettes in packs of four."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why won't a printer print out an all black document if it's low on magenta ink? | [
"One of the big reasons is steganography. To aid in combating forgery pretty much all modern colour printers output some form of \"fingerprint\" into everything that's printed which is hard to detect unless you're looking for it. This can be used by law enforcement to track down people who have been making forgerie... | [
"They use a whole different technology to print to paper, called \"thermal printing\". It has it's pros and cons. For example, you can *only* print to thermal paper using a thermal printer. Also, you trade quality for velocity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do different colors absorb heat differently? | [
"Colors don't absorb *heat*; they absorb **light**, and convert that light to heat. Different colors absorb different wavelengths of light (that's what makes them different colors in the first place). The more frequencies of light a color absorbs, the less it reflects back into your eyes (making it darker) and the ... | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:"
} |
If a couple has five sons, how is possible that their next baby has a 50% chance of being a boy while it is simultaneously statistically unlikely that they'll have six boys? | [
"The two probabilities coexist because you are asking different questions. Question 1: Given that a couple has 5 sons, what is the probability that their next child is also a boy? Answer: 50%, because the genders of the previous siblings does not affect the next outcome. Question 2: What is the probability that a f... | [
"Because the gene for left-handedness is recessive. Which means that even if both parents carry the gene, then it still only has a 25% chance of being passed on to the child."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
This quote: Judges hold office 'during good behaviour' rather than 'during the monarchs pleasure' | [
"\"During the monarch's pleasure\" means that the monarch may remove them at will--not just without consulting anyone else, but without needing to have any reason. One effect of this is that the judge is mindful of staying in the monarch's good grace, because he knows that making decisions the monarch doesn't like ... | [
"From the Care of King during his illness etc. Act, 1811 (51 Geo 3 c 1): > XII. Provided also, and be it enacted, That if His said Royal Highness George Augustus Frederick Prince of Wales shall not continue to be resident in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or shall at any time marry a Papist, then... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Double clutching and engine braking. (You know, if five year olds drove stick-shift cars) | [
"Engine braking is using the power of the engine to slow the car down. Say you're driving along in 5th gear at 70mph and you want to slow down, putting the car into 4th will slow it down for you, without you having to touch the brake pedal. Although prolonged use can damage your drive train, which will be a costly ... | [
"You don’t. 99.9% of modern cars you can jump right in and drive away. Now That doesn’t mean floor it when it’s negative 3 out, but just drive normally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What exactly takes so long between when a nurse takes you in and checks your vitals and when the doctor finally comes in the room? | [
"reading the notes from the nurse, your past notes, etc. also, seeing other patients, writing notes for the last patient etc. it can feel like they're just wasting time, but they're likely just caught up with stuff. if it's a teaching facility, it can be even slower because they have to go over everything with the ... | [
"A couple of reasons: * Easy to get charts mixed up. By asking you directly, they know for sure what your symptoms are. * It prevents the loss of communication. What the nurse interprets and what the doctor interprets may be two different things. Getting a first-hand explanation is better than a second-hand one. * ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what the difference kinds of phone internet symbols represent and mean? e.g. 3G/4G, LTE, H, E, etc. | [
"4G is 4th generation. LTE is long term evolution. E is Edge. Not sure about H. They are just different technologies, with 4g supposedly being the faster speed. Although speeds vary from company to company. AT & T uses Edge and LTE, the others use 4G. I think Verizon might also use LTE. Source: I design cell sites... | [
"Actually this option is now available on smartphones. If the wifi signal is weak your smartphone starts taking help from your data package. For IOS: Goto settings - > mobile data - > scroll to the bottom and turn on 'Wifi Assist' For android: Most cells have a setting called Smart Network Switch, it is probably un... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why isn't Russia a heavier contributor to modern pop music? | [
"I think there are two reasons. The first is simple -- Americans mostly like their pop music to be sung in English. That's why the second-largest nationality of successful pop stars has been the British. Of course there have been plenty of breakthrough Latino singers in the US but it's still rare that their biggest... | [
"You mean as in, why isn't it discussed more as a part of US History education?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do we always ask animals and babies what they're doing, even though we know they can't respond? | [
"A large proportion of our language is either in tone of voice or body language, for the most part this is subconscious so when we ask babies and animals how they are doing it is also expressed in our tone of voice and body language. Whilst babies and animals can't fully comprehend what is being said to them what t... | [
"There is a theory that one of the many reasons children cry is because of the frustration at knowing they want something, but not knowing how to describe what they want. When adults get that feeling, we can use context of language to describe how we feel, but a baby can't do that even satisfactorily to themselves.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do astrophysicists know the light that comes from this particular star is x light years away? | [
"It's called parallax. The basic idea is that if you look at a star during one point of the earth's orbit and check it's position relative to something you know to be much further away than it (a galaxy, for example) then 6 months later do the same measurement and see how its position has changed, you can use the a... | [
"The universe is expanding. The vast empty spaces between galaxy clusters are expanding quickly enough to that the very farthest galaxies we can see are moving away from us *faster than the speed of light*. The light we see was emitted from a very young galaxy 13 billion years ago, by now that same galaxy is 40+ bi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about astronomy:"
} |
why does 720p look the same level of clarity on my iPad as it does on a tv? | [
"Because resolution refers to how many pixels there are from the top to the bottom of the screen. Since you have the same number on both screens and you look at those screens from far enough away that all the pixels merge together in your brain, the images look the same. This is also how jumbotrons in stadiums work... | [
"Data recreation is better with the 4k stream on YouTube for some inexplicable reason, so if you're using YT, yeah. Under absolutely ideal conditions, though, no, a 1080p image should look exactly the same as the same image in 4k, when viewed on a 1080p display."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are teachers not paid more? | [
"This question is far too broad and open to give it any sort of factual and precise answer. Teacher's salaries vary greatly from school board to school board and state to state, and there is no one base salary that a teacher makes that could be considered \"low\" or \"high\""
] | [
"Others might be able to provide support for less, but are they going to be as good as the guys who wrote the software in the first place? Probably not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do numbers on credit cards have to look all funky, instead of just being in a normal font? | [
"Modern cards that don't used raised numbers might use a sensible font. The reason for the wacky font on raised numbers was for the benefit of those old devices that used carbon paper to copy card information. Fonts that are good at being read by machines, and transfer well through mechanical processes aren't alway... | [
"Numbers on your keyboard, and calculator a have 1 2 3 and 0 on the bottom because people who used to \"calculate\" things such as scientists and accountants needed to use 1 and 0 a lot. They wanted them right next to each other and easy to get to without having to reach over other keys. Phones on the other hand, t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't we have milk flavored ice cream? | [
"Marble slab and Cold Stone have a sweet cream flavor that is as close to milk flavor as it gets."
] | [
"We're the only species who has invented stuff like Twinkies, Ho-Hos, Nutella, Toblerone, Reese's Pieces, sugar cane cola, macadamia nut ice cream, rocky road, cherry jam, Dr Pepper and honey chai latte."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Dentistry:"
} |
why does it seem like protests in America are far tamer and more useless than other coutries? | [
"We don't have nearly as much to protest about. Other countries protest over things that are killing people. We protest over not having enough money to buy a third iPad."
] | [
"Nothing's to say that can't happen in the US, but a part of it comes out of necessity. Many parts of Asia are heavily populated, and not just heavily, but densely. The need to be clean isn't just a good idea, it has roots in survival. And it's convention. People do it so you do it. People see you do it so they do ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How TMJ dysfunction affects the entire body | [
"> how does it cause a person to have difficulty concentrating and make someone feel off balance like their surroundings are constantly in motion This sounds like it impacts your inner ear which controls your sense of balance and movement. The jaw is pretty close so I suppose swelling or physical interaction isn't ... | [
"Because it can result in permanent damage to the soft tissues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we close our eyes when we suddenly hear something really loud | [
"We clench our jaw, too. It's what little we can do other than covering our ears to suppress noise. OR it might be an evolutionary thing. Thunder which is loud comes with lightning that is bright, or we could be trained as children to equate a loud bang with something popping or exploding which could send pieces fl... | [
"It's not my teeth but my balls that I feel it. My balls get this weird shiver anytime I hear or see something painful"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do humans need to brush their teeth? What did we do before toothpaste? | [
"We need to brush them since they need to be freed from bacteria. If we wouldn't we'd lose them way to early in our life. Also due to our highly sugary diet. Before toothbrushes/paste mostly sticks and herbs were used, toothbrushes exist quiet a long time though. Some trees have twigs you can chew on which releases... | [
"We're one of the few animals to eat a high-carbohydrate diet, a diet only possible because we grow grains as crops with agriculture. Because we eat carbs, we leave lots of delicious bits of sugar behind on our teeth for bacteria to feast on, causing tooth decay. If we don't brush, we can get painful cavities and o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Dentistry:"
} |
How come the middle-eastern and Asian civilizations got surpassed even though their knowledge and techniques were far superior to those of the western world? | [
"It's not clear what you're referring to with 'knowledge and techniques'. The biggest reason why Europe thrived over the last several hundred years versus the East was the [Mongol invasions of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.](_URL_1_) The West may have succumbed to the same fate (Mongols made it as far as ... | [
"It's the time we live in. War and poverty in the location where that specific demographic is located. If you look back in time, to the middle/dark age, the roles were reversed. Militant extremist christians doing much of what extremists are doing today, but in Europe. The middle east at that time experienced a tim... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Civil War Re-enactment a thing? | [
"Because some people want to LARP without being elves."
] | [
"Best Seller... in what? If you break everything up into categories you can have dozens of \"Number One Best-Sellers\". Best Seller... this week Best Seller... this year Best Seller... in Romance Best Seller... in Historical Fiction... and so on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is an orgasm and why does it feel good? | [
"Orgasms are an involuntary reaction by the body to sexual excitement. When you have an orgasm, your brain releases a couple different chemicals that cause you to feel happy and relaxed. Basically, it's nature's way of telling you to have sex and reproduce."
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and wellness:"
} |
. Why do meth users get scabs/blisters on their face? What are they and what causes it? Serious | [
"Poor hygiene leads to pimples and dirty pores. Meth users will obsessively pick at them until it is an open wound. Then it will scab and they will pick some more, and it will get bigger. Then it will scab and they will pick some more. Rinse and repeat."
] | [
"all of the above but I don't think the chemical itself is directly toxic, like you aren't going to get those effects from rubbing it on your skin, you have to get it into yourself for it to mess up your head and the rest follows, hopefully someone corrects me if I have that wrong basically: Malnutrition Dehydratio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What's the purpose of carpool lanes? | [
"Encourage people to carpool by offering them an immediate incentive (less congested, therefore faster lanes) By encouraging carpooling, decrease the number of cars on the roads. Decrease pollution. Increase the lifespan of the roads. Decrease traffic."
] | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we easily convert ocean water into potable drinking water? | [
"When salt dissolves in water, it doesn't want to leave. It takes a lot of energy to separate it out and get fresh water. Desalinating water is a thing, but it's very energy intensive, and as a result it's very expensive. Doing it on the sort of scale required to replace all of the water shortages in a place like ... | [
"Technically, yes, splitting water molecules to get hydrogen is using up water. And technically, yes, you can react hydrogen with oxygen and get the water back. But considering the quantity of water on Earth, humans could create a great deal of hydrogen without having a significant impact on the supply. Bear in min... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are some children born with blonde hair and then as they get older it completely disappears and becomes brown? | [
"It's the same reason most babies are born with blue eyes. When babies are born they don't produce much melanin, which is the chemical that gives skin, hair, and eyes it's pigment."
] | [
"Hair color is made of two types of melanin found in the follicles: eumelanin and pheomelanin. From my understanding, the ratio can fluctuate all over your body (as you have quite a few follicles all over your body) and they also leave your hair at different rates which is what causes graying of hair... When the me... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we hide sexuality from children? | [
"This depends greatly on where you are. I'm from Sweden but I have spent the last few years in an american school in Dubai and the difference in how the two cultures treat subjects like sex is staggering. In Sweden I never experienced sexuality being hidden away or declared as sin and so on. Hell, in the north of S... | [
"Better question: why is there censorship at all? Are we really supposed to be ashamed of the fun bits of life?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Biology:"
} |
Why are Ebola-infected aid workers being brought to the US? | [
"They are doing this because we have better means of researching a cure in the US than we do in Africa. Ebola spreads through contact with blood and bodily fluids. The reason it has spread so far in Africa is because its basically family members and under-qualified physicians who are taking care of the sick unless... | [
"A quarantine is a good idea for diseases that can be spread by someone who is not showing symptoms. When you don't know whether someone may be contagious, it makes sense to keep them away from other people. But Ebola can only be spread by a person who is showing symptoms, and the symptoms are not subtle. Every sin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are we producing 900k barrels of oil per day above demand, if the markets are already low? | [
"OPEC is overproducing in attempt to flood the market with cheap oil and reduce U.S. competition (shale oil). U.S. companies demand a certain price per barrel to maintain profit. If oil is cheap then it's more difficult for them to do so."
] | [
"More oil being produced in the US, fewer people worried about instability in the middle east (they thought the wars would stop oil production so they starting buying up oil now which drove the price up), and less demand for oil as people get off the roads or drive more efficient vehicles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What causes sweaty palms when you're nervous? | [
"Stress hormones ready the body for immediate action by changing how the body functions when danger is perceived. Part of this change includes increasing perspiration so the body’s water can be eliminated through the skin rather than through the kidneys - so that you don’t have to stop to urinate in the midst of de... | [
"There are about a thousand different reasons why someone might sweat while they are asleep. i.e. the answer is going to vary from person to person."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
How herd immunity works | [
"Virus/Bacteria = car Non-immunized person = gas station Spread the gas stations far enough apart and the car can't get from one to the next."
] | [
"Social media, better understanding of mental health, change in exercise or sun exposure and unbalanced diet most likely contribute to it"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Do people that live up North actually have a higher tolerance for cold? | [
"Actually yes, but its not bred in. Its the body acclimating to cold weather by burning more calories to maintain warmth. The acclimation process can take a few weeks i believe. That why people in warmer climates tend to bundle up more during short winter cold snaps. Their body isn't acclimated to it. If a northern... | [
"Because we didn't evolve to live indoors as much as we do. Also we are from Africa! Haven't had enough time for our bodies to fully adjust to latitudes with lesser amounts of daylight for parts of the year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Psychology:"
} |
How does memory work for 3-4 year old children? | [
"It's not that children have no memory at all - it's that, as we age, our brains overwrite unnecessary information with new information. *As adults,* we often can't remember things from when we were very young - but this doesn't say anything about a child's memory when they are still that age. Some suggest there's... | [
"Is this conversation normal for nine year old children?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I'm 34 and can not grasp the purpose, reasoning, and mechanics of a modem, router, and wifi (don't judge me:/)... | [
"* modem - converts a signal on a phone or cable line into the standard format (called ethernet) most home and office network hardware understands * router - manages network traffic between multiple devices...many modems are also routers * wifi - a network connection using radio instead of a network cable...many ro... | [
"I started to answer this, but my answer was so full of technical jargon that I couldnt possibly expect the average american to understand, let alone a five year old. To sum up what I was about to say, your handheld computer with cell phone capability is able to access the internet via the nearest wifi, the nearest... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it illegal to carry two IDs? | [
"It isn't. It *is* illegal to have two valid IDs that are exactly the same type, i.e. two valid driver's licenses. But you can have, say, a passport and a driver's license on you at the same time and that's fine."
] | [
"It's illegal to drink in public wherever you are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is 'snitching' looked down upon so much? | [
"because it's the breaking of trust. as kids, you're supposed to be basically trustworthy. snitching equals lying, because the other kids you were with knew you'd seen or heard what you did, but they didnt pressure you into not saying anything. because they trusted you wouldnt. and thought they could trust you woul... | [
"Because anything \"feminine\" is considered degrading to men. Sexism hurts men too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do people who support dictators (Kim Jong Un, Hitler, etc..) not realize how evil they are? | [
"Depends on the dictator. In North Korea, people are raised from birth to believe in their leader, with all knowledge of the outside world carefully screened and manipulated, so I don't doubt many of his supporters legitimately believe him to be the best thing going. Others share their fucked-up worldviews, ie a de... | [
"Just because the buffalo and the lion hate the elephant, doesn't mean the lion won't try and eat the buffalo. ISIS views anyone who doesn't subscribe to their version of Islam as an enemy - North Koreans included."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why we use drinking water in our toilet bowls | [
"It's because of price - it's a lot cheaper to just sanitize more water, than it is to lay and isolate a second set of pipes. However, that's not always the case, especially when people are trying to be green. Hong Kong, for example, uses seawater in approx 80% of the toilets in the city."
] | [
"If it tastes better, they filter their water. If it tastes worse, they have slime in the ice machine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What's wrong with fracking? | [
"Fracking works by injecting chemicals into the ground. Some of these are totally harmless, while some of them are known carcinogens. There are concerns with air pollution (methane leaks), water pollution (the typical anti-fraking image is flammable tap water; right now fracking is exempt from the Safe Drinking Wat... | [
"Oil, oil, oil, oil and oil. Did I mention oil?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are the larger berries/grapes always sweet, while the smaller ones are always sour? | [
"It's probably due to how ripe the fruit is. The longer a fruit stays attached the plant, the larger it will get. As it gets older/riper, the fruit changes its sugar/acid composition, to more sugar less acid, making it sweeter. The small less ripe ones have less sugar and more acid, making them sour."
] | [
"I've tried all of them. Mandarin is basically just a small orange. Tangerines have a big bump on the top and are extremely tart. Much more sour than normal oranges. It's a good thing. Sometimes one can be nearly as sour as a lemon but extremely sweet at the same time. The skin on tangerines peels away much more ea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did it appear like the media dropped the Ebola crisis from headlines after the election? | [
"You can only hype that everybody is going to die for so long without anyone actually dying. The Ebola crisis in the US was not a new story. Doctors are returning with the illness and medical staffs are handling it, except one situation where a nurse contracted it as well, and the general public doesn't not know th... | [
"It's still going on but isn't getting the same level of attention is was a few years back. According to the news, they've moved on to Iranian vessels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about News and current events:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about News and current events:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do our brains differentiate the signals for thirst and hunger? | [
"They're controlled by different hormones. When you start to get dehydrated, the sodium/salt level starts to rise in your bloodstream, and your body starts releasing anti diuretic hormone (ADH) to tell both your kidney to conserve water better and signals thirst to your brain. Hunger is controlled by a much more co... | [
"It's still a developing field, but one hypothesis is that the brain can confuse feelings of fear or disgust and amplify sexual excitement."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do Americans circumcise their children? | [
"Not all Americans do. Somewhere between 3 and 4 out of 5 males are circumcised. For many, it's because they're influenced by religious teachings that say circumcision is either a spiritual requirement or preference (e.g. it's an important rite performed by Jewish rabbis) or they believe it's a healthy, beneficial ... | [
"There are a few reasons why it became popular. Religious, medical, moral reasons, and heritage stuff. Religious really goes back to the Jews. Descendants of Abraham were to be circumcised as the Torah demands. The medical reasons why are to do with cleanliness. Uncut guys need to clean up better than guys. There a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Circumcision in the US:"
} |
Why do all GDPR consent emails have the option to opt in or opt out? | [
"I've had plenty that only have a \"Click here to keep receiving emails\" button. Ignoring the emails should be an opt-out, but it doesn't hurt to include an explicit \"No thanks\" button. It gives you some idea whether people are deliberately opting out or just falling off the list through apathy (although the end... | [
"Cookies are just little pieces of information that a website stores on your computer. Sometimes these are temporary (such as your shopping cart) or permanent (such as your preferences on how the site should be displayed). A few years ago the EU required every site that uses cookies to get the user's permission. Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that meteorologists can predict the weather for days in advance fairly accurately, but can't tell if a tornado might be coming till the last few hours? | [
"Let's say you want to travel to Chicago from Atlanta by car. Can you predict your exact position at any given time? No. You can predict where you are going to be in the next few seconds but as you look further ahead you lose accuracy. Sure, you could say, \"I'll be near Indy around 6pm on this road, but you don't ... | [
"There's not too much too it. You just drill for it like a fire drill. If one is coming try to get to a secure area that wouldn't be affected by super strong winds. That's why basements and bathrooms are typical places you're supposed to go. In some towns in the mid-west where tornadoes are more frequent there mig... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do "sanctuary cities" benefit from hosting illegal immigrants? | [
"One reason is that some police departments believe that they can't enforce public safety as well if major segments of the population want nothing to do with police. This has been demonstrated in non-immigrant communities as well. But the bigger reason is that lots of people see deportations of non-criminal people ... | [
"It would cost a tremendous amount and not solve illegal immigration one bit. The vast majority of illegal immigration is Mexican workers overstaying their Visas. They don't sneak across the border."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why women generally take longer than men to orgasm ? | [
"They don't. There's no \"generally\" about it. Some people take a long time, and others are on hair triggers. This is true of both genders."
] | [
"Because if sex is not pleasant for them, the men are much less likely to ejaculate into their vaginas."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When politicians propose limiting abortions to people who were raped or victims of incest, how do they plan to manage that? | [
"Making it near impossible to prove rape or incest in the time it takes to grow a baby is their plan. This way, all pregnancies are carried to term. In most cases, there must be an accused rapist or the woman is denied."
] | [
"For hardline abortion opponents, pregnancy by rape is very problematic. One the hand, you won't get much political support for forcing a woman to have her rapist's baby. But on the other, you can't call abortion murder of an innocent life, then have a laundry list of exceptions where it is justified. So there is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come we store excess calories as "fat" and what that actually means? Specifically how is protein literally "turned into fat" or is that just an incorrect common misconception? | [
"Proteins are first broken down to amino acids as said, these amino acids are then deaminated in the liver (producing urea which is excreted) forming alpha-keto acids such as pyruvic acid. There is then a complicated metabolic pathway that leads to them being converted into fats."
] | [
"Okay I think most of the people on here are missing the point. To be fair I am not a biologist but the way you loose weight in an overly simplistic sense is by exhaling. You sweat and poop out water and things you ate but did not absorb respectively. When you inhale you breath in oxygen O2 when you exhale you brea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why can't the government create a program similar to the WPA during the Great Depression to provide thousands of jobs while getting long-needed construction projects done? | [
"We totally could! It would just require raising taxes (to pay for all those salaries) and increasing the size of government (adding all those new government jobs). Those are both toxic political ideas right now."
] | [
"The Progressive Era actually didn't install a lot of the components of the modern welfare state. There was increased regulation of the economy, but there was no real direct transfer of money from taxpayers to needy groups until the 1930's. The Roosevelt Administration brought in programs to specifically alleviate ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What the huge deal with SpaceX is, what happened and why is it so significant? | [
"It's the first privately owned (ie. not built by a government) spaceship to dock at the ISS. It's going to deliver cargo for NASA, something that right now has only been achieved by huge government funded space programs."
] | [
"Why? No one knows. How? No one knows. But it's well understood what the consequences are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do the U.S. and Canada, among others, choose not to recognize Palestine? | [
"The State of Israel does not wish to have Palestine recognized as a state for many reasons. I'll try to be as politically neutral as possible, since you're five, but Israel provides a strong regional presence for the United States, and Canada cannot afford the diplomatic cost of siding against the United States on... | [
"Because the US, Russia, and Israel are powerful enough to get away with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can we land a robot on an asteroid but cant design a vending machine to take a slightly crinkled dollar bill? | [
"If a vending machine was made to have some leeway with bill and coin shape/sizes, it would be easier to make them accept fake money."
] | [
"Because rockets are expensive, and can only carry small amounts at one time. No one is going to pay 20 million dollars to throw a dumpsters worth of trash into orbit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come some hot foods will burn our skin if we touch them but I can still eat them at that temperature? | [
"The saliva in your mouth (which is mostly water) absorbs a fair amount of the heat before the food touches the tissues in your mouth and tongue."
] | [
"My though on it would be cold water could never be “cold enough” to actually hurt us, like freezing cold water because our bodies are more resilient to cold, but hot water, can burn because our bodies/skin can’t take that high of a temperature, like boiling water, you’d never stick your hand in that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does my computer get slower over time? | [
"I read your question as \"Is it because I accumulate more and more **flies**\""
] | [
"You know when you have to install a windows update? That's maintenance. You know when you have to install new software? That maintenance. You know when you have to take a backup? That's maintenance. You know every couple of months you have to clean your computer, vacuum it out? That's maintenance. You know onc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Ginger helps calm my stomach, and meletonin makes me sleepy. Why does it say the FDA hasn't evaluated them or other supplements like Vitamins? | [
"There is a long, and rigorous, process for approval of new drugs. They have to have proven efficacy and safety in a variety of people, populations, ages, sexes, etc. This has to be done in such a way as to eliminate any bias and to show statistically that there is an effect. The substances you're talking about hav... | [
"This is typical of vitamins that have Iron or higher doses of Zinc in them, I don't have a good ELI5 explanation as to why, but if it's a problem for you, you can try taking a vitamin that doesn't have Iron especially."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does an excess of grease make you feel sick? | [
"Your stomach contains acids and enzymes. Acids aren't very good at dissolving greases, bases are much better at it, but your stomach is acidic, not basic. Eating a lot of grease fills up your stomach with something that it can't easily digest, and as a defense mechanism you'll feel nauseated so you eject it from ... | [
"It evaporates quickly, which costs energy, which carries away heat. Don't make a habit of it, the stuff is somewhat toxic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
When I pay by card, why do they have to ask "debit or credit?" | [
"I can say a few things on the topic. First, most banks' debit cards can be run as credit cards. This can be very convenient for small purchases so you don't have to sign or put in a pin. Second, there are different fees for the different types of cards. I'll probably get this backwards but for debit it is a set fe... | [
"It's possible to \"pre-authorize\" a charge, which is done when you place an order that won't be shipped immediately. So they can effectively ask the card issuer \"if I were to ask for $1 from this card, would you say yes?\" without then charging the card."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do dogs have a habit of twitching and pretending to run while they sleep? | [
"When your mommy tucks you in at night and gives you a gentle kiss on the forehead, and you drift into a sweet slumber with your thumb stuck in your mouth, dreams and all sorts of ideas come into your head; some of these dreams and ideas produce involuntarily spasms in your muscles. Now turn your eyes to Grover at... | [
"The living ones eat the dead ones and then hide. They only come out at night to crawl on your face and in your ears while you're sleeping."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are NFL games broadcasted from the side field camera and not the cable camera directly behind the QB? | [
"Then you wouldn't be able to observe the linemen and the defense. Try watching the game and observing how the line reacts to the play, and that's where the real action is. Good plays and yardage don't just happen, it starts from the linemen blocking, and it's interesting to watch how plays develop just from observ... | [
"Welcome to the illusion of television. Do not ask how the sausage is made. Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain. I once was a crowd extra for a football game taping for a once-popular show called Friday Night Lights. You may be interested to know: 1. The shots are all done on one-quarter of the field, wi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do lamps require you to turn the "knob" twice to turn it on and off? | [
"The lamp you're using is a three setting lamp, but you've put a single setting bulb in it, and it only works on the middle setting. Get a three setting light bulb and it should work properly."
] | [
"Most likely you are dealing with a 3 way lamp switch. Off-low-high-off I haven't seen one in a long time, but there used to be light bulbs with 2 filaments in them, and the switch would light one for low, then both for high. If there is just a regular one filament bulb in it, you still have to click through both l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Electrical engineering:"
} |
what's going on physiologically when your "blood runs cold"? | [
"It is a side effect of your body's fight or flight response. When the response is triggered, a whole lot of things happen to prepare your body for a survival situation. Your brain releases several hormones (epinephrine a.k.a. adrenaline, and cortisol) which initiate an array of effects. Your bronchial tubes (lung ... | [
"when you hit a certain level of fear your body starts shutting down unnecessary functions. this includes things like digestion and retaining your excretions. this is why you piss yourself when youre \"scared shitless\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are AMD's GHz considered slower than Intel's | [
"Clock speeds in and of themselves are not all encompassing to a processor's performance. How \"fast\" a processor is can be a little subjective because different features are more apt to different environments. For example, a processor you would use in a database environment may not work as well for an application... | [
"AMD is able to be so much more cheaper **than** Intel simply because Intel performs way better. AMD may have the same clock speeds as Intel in some areas, but there are a number of other important factors besides core and clock speeds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why a website that just converted my PDF into an interactive doc. file used a captcha to verify that I was a human? | [
"Because the conversion uses their processing power and they don't want to get DDOS'd."
] | [
"reCAPTCHA keeps track of a lot of stuff like time between touches, position of the touch, time pressed, etc. It just analyzes it in his own way. > Could a bot pretend to be a mobile device and get past reCAPTCHA? They could pretend to be mobile, but they would fail the captcha. My SmartTV works with a mobile brow... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is the shake camera so popular now? (Movies / TV) | [
"It gives it that documentary feel where the cameraperson is part of the action. Watch some war documentaries filmed in the actual battles and notice how much camera shake they have."
] | [
"I'd also like to know this for movies and T.V. shows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why does compressed air get colder as you use it? | [
"> why does compressed air get colder as you use it? Probably what you are familiar with is \"canned air\" such as in computer cleaners. They aren't really compressed air but rather a chemical with a low boiling point and low vapor pressure. This allows them to pack a high volume of gas into a container without it ... | [
"the compressor (thing that makes the air cold) is powered by the engine. When the engine is off, the compressor cant work, and the air cant stay cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Is there any reason to use a different power level on a microwave other than the max setting? | [
"Lower power settings just have pauses between max-power bursts. It's useful for defrosting, because it allows the heat to spread a bit, not just cooking one area and leaving another area frozen."
] | [
"Mine alternates power and no power to cook stuff slower. some just use less power continuously."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why many wine bottles have an inverse dome at the base. | [
"It's called a punt and it was originally developed for sparkling wines to strengthen the bottle and enable them to cope with the high internal pressures. Source: worked in the wine industry for years."
] | [
"There's a device that takes corks, squishes them and then puts them in the bottle. The corks are slightly compressible and will take a little time to revert to their original size. During that time, they get stuck in the bottle where they expand again to fill the neck of the bottle and seal the liquid inside. By t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
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} |
What is the connection between the speed of light and time? (Why does movement/speed have an effect on the passage of time) | [
"Because we don't live in a simple 3-dimensional space. We live in a 4-dimensional spacetime, where space and time aren't always separate entities. Every object in 4D spacetime has a four-velocity. It's just like your regular velocity, but it has four components instead of three. Now, here's the interesting thing: ... | [
"Which one? Special relativity, or General relativity. Special relativity says,quite simply, that the speed of light in any reference frame is always constant, and equal to c. This means, that depending on reference frame other things commonly thought of as constant, such as time, and the length and mass of an obje... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why Americans are so against the idea of national healthcare? | [
"Heres the weird thing. Most polling show that Americans in general are in favor of a single payer system. Most polling shows Americans in favor of a socialized health care system bounces between the high 50% and low 60%. The reason that socialized health care hasnt taken place is due to two main factors. First is ... | [
"The US could pay for universal health care several times over. Affording it is not the problem."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is there a scientific reason that the Northern Hemisphere is shown at the top of maps? | [
"Early maps pointed in all sorts of directions. Some navigators used the North Star as a reference point, which tended to put special emphasis in that direction. Conventions stabilized over time, because of political and technological influences. Al Jazeera wrote a [pretty good piece about this question](_URL_0_) i... | [
"By drawing an imaginary line through the planet along the axis that the planet spins, and assigning the top end as north and the bottom end as south, relative to the north and south of the Earth. Yes, this is an arbitrary assignment -- for all we know we're upside down to the rest of the aliens in the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why do you get a bump on your head when you bang it, but that doesn't happen anywhere else on you body? Or does it? | [
"It can happen anywhere else. The skin on the scalp is much thiner than on most other parts on your body, and the bump can only swell outwards because inwards there is no room due to the skull. I have a bone anomaly (a kind of bone tumour) on my left arm and I bumped it once and it was really swollen like a bump on... | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't homeless people go get whatever free benefits are available? | [
"Without getting political or opinionated: 1) There aren't as many benefits out there as it may seem -- the system is pretty saturated. 2) Many (many) homeless people are also mentally ill, which inhibits their ability to think rationally, and do what they need to do to get benefits 3) Many of them do look for jobs... | [
"Cheap food is not healthy food. And as homeless have told me, there's plenty of food. They're not begging for food money. If it's not going to drugs, they spend it on transportation, supplies, and temporary housing (hotel rooms). There's shelter, too, but it's not great and some try to avoid it as much as possible... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that unhealthy food tastes so good? | [
"Foods that have high concentrations of fat and sugars were scarce on the african plains our species grew up in. These foods are high energy foods that were important for our survival. Because they were rare and difficult to attain we evolved sophisticated mechanisms that make us crave them."
] | [
"Because God want to punish you with cancer for sinning. Just kidding, it's probably because alcohol changes the way sensory information is processed in the brain and makes everything more likable. Smoking is better, crappy food tastes better, ugly girls look better, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and lifestyle:"
} |
- What does a conductor do in an orchestra? | [
"Been asked many times and this is probaly the best thread about the conductor job: _URL_0_"
] | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do the top qualifying swimmers swim in the middle lanes? | [
"The turbulence / wake created when swimming causes a slight interference to other swimmers. The top 2 swimmers in the middle lane swims fastest and will generally not have to deal with these interferences. Swimmers at lane 1 / 8 faces the most interferences and turbulences bouncing off the wall imposes more diffic... | [
"There are four different types of swimming strokes as well. If there were separate 100m and 200m dashes for regular sprinting, running backwards, crawling on all fours and hopping like a rabbit as well as relays for each type of running you'd eventually see a sprinter win a mountain of gold like Phelps'."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the evolutionary purpose of the hyman? | [
"If you've ever changed a baby girls diaper you'd know the answer to this. I never thought I would dig shit out of a tiny vagina on a daily basis."
] | [
"In short because they appear more biologically similar than they are. Do you have a specific case in mind?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do we use total internal reflection for fibre optics instead of just ordinary reflection? | [
"At ordinary reflection angles, there is both transmission of light and reflection of light at the surface between the two types of material. At total internal reflection angles, there is no transmission of light, only reflection. This is important for optical fibers because ordinary reflection will mean light is l... | [
"It's because the reflection from the surface of any medium is dependent on the refractive index of the medium, the refractive index of the medium in which the light is first travelling, and the angle of incidence. So when you're looking down on the surface of a pond, you're looking at it from a large angle, and li... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
} |
Why are bank deposits/credit card payments delayed on statutory holidays, even when they're electronic | [
"No matter how automated the system is banks reauire auditing and approval, this is a combination of banks managing risk and government requiring oversite. So when you send money there is someone who need to double check for fraud."
] | [
"The merchants either do not process their purchases until Monday, or their bank does not process the transactions until Monday. Your EFT was probably batch transmitted to the receiving bank where it did not arrive in time to be included with their end-of-day processing. Computerized bank transaction aren't usually... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How closed-source applications can exist. | [
"It's like food. If I give you a cake, it works as intended and you can make some guesses as to what's in it, but you can't figure out the recipe because the act of cooking it has obfuscated it. Compiling is to software as baking is to food."
] | [
"A pragmatic reasoning could be that the majority of computer users have no clue how to install an operating system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What actually happens to me if I don't eat any vegetables? | [
"I'd suggest starting off with something and \"forcing\" yourself to eat something. Even if it's just 2 pieces of broccoli it's better than nothing. Kinda like your first beer, it's going to taste like shit but, after awhile you keep drinking that piss water."
] | [
"You eat too much refined grain and sugar. Eat more vegetables and lean meat and this won't happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Does the universe have a finite dimension? | [
"As far as we know, the answer to your question is No. There's a limit to how far we can \"see\", and I've put \"see\" in quotes because the limit isn't just about seeing, it's about how far *any* information could have travelled to get to us. This limit is based on the speed of light and the age of the universe, a... | [
"The expansion of the universe is not limited to the speed of light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about astronomy:"
} |
Why are public bathrooms gender specific when most people spend their life sharing a bathroom with all genders? Why aren't port-a-potties gender specified? | [
"The bathrooms at home are usually meant for only 1 person at a time, and any extra people would be your own family. Public bathrooms are usually meant for multiple people simultaneously, who will most likely be complete strangers. Also, portables don't need specific genders because, once again, they are meant for... | [
"You can buy and install a urinal for your home. I know people who have done this, and I've considered doing this too. Most people don't do this because you'll still need a toilet to poop. In most homes where space is at a premium, it's much more efficient to install a toilet that can handle both poop and pee. Also... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is drinking milk better than drinking water after eating an extremely hot pepper? | [
"Capsaicin is an oil, and oil and water don't mix. Milk has lots of fats and proteins that can break up the oil and cool the burn."
] | [
"How is drinking water with a slice of lemon different from eating a Lemon?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How are sea shells formed? | [
"Seashells are formed like most things that have layers or rings. Trees for example add a new ring of fibrous material to their trunks and branches making them a little wider each year. Same for seashells. Notice how they all have little ridges, each bigger than the other? As the clam inside gets bigger, it produce... | [
"There would be urine in the ocean. What kind of information are you looking to have explained?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does VX nerve agent work? | [
"It's lethal because it blocks a key enzime in the cycle of muscle contraction. The cause of death is paralysis of diaphragm, the muscle responsible for respiration. Antidotes exist, but you need to deliver them as soon as possible, because respiratory arrest ensues fast."
] | [
"Mustard Gas is a chemical weapon that burns upon contact. If it touches the skin it'll cause painful blisters. However, its main problem is from being breathed in where it'll damage the lungs causing a person to drown in their own fluids. If not killed by the gas the person faces lifelong problems of DNA mutation ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is RAM way more expensive than SSD if RAM is not able to store data when powered off? Shouldn't it cost less? | [
"RAM is orders of magnitude faster than the memory used in SSDs. You're paying for the MUCH faster speed."
] | [
"The short and sweet version is, a hard disk drive uses a spinning disk to store the data, which is read by a special sensor on the tip of an arm. It works the same as a record player, just on a smaller and faster scale. Solid state drives use flash memory, similar to the SD card that phones and other devices use. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why isn't the third rail extremely hot? Isn't it essentially a metal bar with an electric current running through? | [
"Current only flows though the third rail when there is a train passing it. Otherwise the loop is not closed so no current flows. In addition there is not much current flowing as the voltage is quite high. Also the third rail is quite thick so there is not much resistance."
] | [
"The amperage and voltage difference between the ground and clouds are so large that it doesn't really matter what the thing is made of. If the path is connected, the electricity flows. Resistance causes a big chunk of that energy to turn into heat, which spells out a thin cord-like volume that briefly reaches temp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does everyone hate millennials? Have we done something wrong? | [
"Millenial here too. Just like any other generation, they don't understand our problems and we don't understand theirs. They chastise us of not buying homes and not having jobs, but we are the generation with buckets of student debt and limited opportunities (partially due to the economy we are inheriting from them... | [
"Is it me, or has this never happened to anyone else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people drive by accelerating and then braking, instead of maintaining a more constant speed and deceleration naturally? | [
"Your instructor is correct. That is the right way to drive, and is a lot more efficient and kinder on your car. But maintaining a constant speed is a challenging skill you have to learn, and not everyone does so. You are also right that you should drive far enough ahead to deal with almost all issues by coasting d... | [
"Cruise control is a simple computer that modulates the throttle to maintain a speed. The more the current speed deviates from the desired speed, the more the throttle is modulated - if the car is slowing down the throttle will open, if the car is going too fast the throttle will close more. This keeps the car at a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why is it in Japanese stuff some text is still in English | [
"Most Japanese (especially those that would play video games) know at least some English, enough to read the random few words in the game that are in English (or at least can figure them out from context). So this small amount of English isn't really a detriment to the game. As to why they have English, in this cas... | [
"Mine does, I in it has serifs at top and bottom, clearly different from l that's just a line"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Wrestling, is it rehearsed like a dance or is it done on the spot? | [
"It's done kind of like porn. They have a general gist of what's going to/supposed to happen and they just do their best to make it look good. And yes referees and commentators know what's going on. They have scripts in front of them so when situation X happens they are supposed to say Y."
] | [
"Acting? Yes. Staged? Yes. Real fighting? No. Real physicality? Absolutely, especially all the jumping and body slams and whatnot. They just don't actually hit each other hard enough to do damage. It's basically a manly soap opera."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are some teeth whiter than others (in the same mouth)? | [
"That \"in the same mouth\" clarification killed me!"
] | [
"Whitening toothpastes essentially just bleach your teeth. It isn't good for them. Teeth are naturally a light cream color varying from person to person - in fact, the brightest white in your mouth is usually hardened plaque."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do people with downs look similar | [
"Yes, those differences in appearance are caused by one genetic abnormality that causes all the other symptoms of Down's syndrome. If the other symptoms of Down's Syndrome made it easier to live life as humans, attract a mate and have children, then it could become part of what you could call 'evolution'. Persons w... | [
"whats the point of hospitals if we are all going to die anyway"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How much metal does it take to produce sparks in a microwave? | [
"As I understand it's not so much the amount of metal but more the shape of the metal that decides how much sparks are created. Small thin metal corners and creases can't handle all the energy so they release arcs which will set fire to your food. If you use a really smooth piece of metal it might actually be perfe... | [
"Aside from conducting the energy fast, it is very light. A kg of tin can hold more energy than half a kg, that's obvious, right? Now, how much energy do you think 0.01 gram of tin hold? Not a lot. It is hot when it comes out of the oven, just not for long after touching it. See it as the opposite of throwing a sma... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:"
} |
Why a 2.2GHz quad core is better than a 2.7 GHz dual core. | [
"If you think about a CPU as a supermarket checkout...a quad core processor literally can process more information at one time (4 things) than a dual core (two things)."
] | [
"Just comparing the # of cores and the clock speed tells you very little. Most phones use ARM processors, which are simply not as powerful as desktop processors. Just as a rough comparison, the specs I could find for an Intel i5 running and a Snapdragon 805 running the Sunspider benchmark show the i5 is roughly 4x ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Will prices rise forever? | [
"In theory, yes. As more people are born and enter thework force and as more money is created in various ways, this leads to inflation which is why prices rise over time. The rise isn't always linear and there are periods of deflation. For example, home prices are still lower now than they were in 2007."
] | [
"Better for who? The US taxpayer? Maybe. Europeans? Maybe not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do we know that what one person see's as red , isn't what another see's as blue and just called red? | [
"This video does a good job of explaining it: _URL_0_ TL;DR we don't know for sure"
] | [
"Most probably because our eyes perceive that which means something to us. For example two people will look at the same painting and notice different things. Each person will notice that which means something to them. So if and individual has a conflict that he / she is ugly they'll notice ugliness in someone else ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do people smile showing teeth if animals do so to scare other animals? | [
"Lots of theories for this one. One of my favorites is the display of physical fitness -- fitness being, higher in the order of natural selection, favored evolutionary adaptations, and/or a good gene pool. Nice straight, white teeth? Still *have* all your teeth? We implicitly read that as \"Good genes\"! We like t... | [
"Every animal has a different behavior pattern. For example, Dogs look away if you look them in the eye because they believe you are the pack leader and the Alpha male/female and dont want to display dominance. Cats on the other hand display affection by looking at you, if they squint their eyes it means they cons... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Animal behavior:"
} |
How come that when a person is knocked out for more than a few minutes, it's generally guaranteed they will have brain damage, yet it's possible for people to wake up from extended comas with no real adverse effects? | [
"Knocked out: patient goes unconscious for whatever reason. Falls. May sustain secondary damage. Body position is random. Unless they regain consciousness spontaneously, they will likely obstruct their airway making breathing impossible. Within minutes their oxygen levels plummet, their carbon dioxide levels skyroc... | [
"As someone who's had a lot of concussions - No, not exactly. It's a *very* imprecise thing, I've seen people go down from a light sock to the jaw or getting a hit right where the base of the spine connects to the skull, I've also seen people get(and have been myself) hit in the head with punches, kicks, tree limbs... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology/Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Biology/Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
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