query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How does Nat Geo get so much great footage of rare, small, and dangerous animals? | [
"They have the means to to put professional photographers \"in the field\" for long stretches at a time."
] | [
"Because it's really, really tough to travel through thick rainforest with hostile plants, wildlife, and weather."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why aren't all currencies worth the same? | [
"There's a fuck ton more yen (Japanese currency) than US dollars. Supply and demand determines value. Higher supply means lower value. There's a much larger supply of yen than dollars while the demand for the two is roughly equal compared to the disparity in supply. So the value of the yen is lower. Much lower. If ... | [
"The same way Gold, US Dollars and Euros gets their value. Some people are willing to exchange a certain amount of another currency for a certain amount of Bit Coin. The people who help make these exchanges record the amounts and tell you about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how do graffiti artists reach those seemingly impossible difficult spots, like the tops of high buildings or inside overpasses? | [
"How to reach the ceiling? A ladder. How to reach the top of a high wall? A bigger ladder. How to reach a really really high wall? A bigger bigger ladder!"
] | [
"Many of these subway systems go underneath roadways while the skyscrapers that are encircled by these tunnels are literally anchored into the bedrock below. There are also lots of people who spent many years in school to figure out how much weight can be supported above these tunnels in the ground"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do rainbows form on spilt oil on the ground? | [
"It's actually not the oil itself but the oil and water. The uneven mixture creates a prism which reflects the light rays at differing angles."
] | [
"It's not air pollution. It has to do with the way light refracts on particles in our atmosphere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
"The higher the probability, the higher the entropy and the lower the information content." | [
"> After all, it had been Wiener who discovered a precise mathematical definition of information: The higher the probability, the higher the entropy and the lower the information content. Er, I think it was Boltzmann who came up with the definition and it was really Claude Shannon who popularized the concept. No m... | [
"[Here](_URL_0_) is an old /r/AskScience comment explaining what negative absolute temperatures are. Most systems cannot possibly have a negative absolute temperature, but certain ones can. They are systems that have a maximum possible energy. Any situation in which increasing the energy of the system decreases the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is Golf the go to sports for rich and/or powerful people like Presidents, CEOs? What is special about it? | [
"It costs a lot of money to play, it's played in a space that is exclusive, which allows for privacy, and it is a slow paced game that allows for conversation and socializing. The slower pace also allows people to play into much older age than other sports. It's basically the perfect game for wealthy people who wan... | [
"He's got a salary for life. On top of all the book deals, speeches, private consulting and so on. There's no lack of job for a popular ex-president of his caliber."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is there darkness? | [
"Light doesn't travel instantaneously. The universe is only ~14 billion years old so there's only a limited amount of stars we can see. Additionally, the universe is expanding. As the space itself inflates the light starts to shift towards the red end of the spectrum, eventually dipping into the infrared portion wh... | [
"> Is there anything more to it? Turn left."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How is Kevin McCarthy a good choice for Speaker of the House? | [
"It makes sense because the Republican party is overrun with lunatics at the moment. Boehner was run out of town for not being enough of a hardliner. Whoever replaces him doesn't need to be experienced, articulate, or anything you might think of as useful in a politician. As long as he agrees that Obama is Satan an... | [
"Extreme incompetence or criminal negligence. Take your pick!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If your intestines don't have pain receptors, why does having constipation or diarrhea hurt so much? | [
"The intestines do have nerves, just not the normal pain receptors you are familiar with on your fingers and the like. Instead their receptors are more sensitive to pressure and stretching. Feeling the texture of your poop isn't really necessary."
] | [
"Farting releases pressure buildup on your intestinal walls. This makes farting feel good. So every time you fart you feel better and smell your fart. The two are associated with each other and you start to kind of like the smell Also, as my roommate with Crohn's Disease explained to me, pressure on intestinal wall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How big does a planet have to be for it to seem flat at ground level? | [
"That entirely depends on how big of an area you want to seem flat. Also what you mean by \"seem\". The Earth seems pretty flat from ground level, to be honest, unless you're actually measuring something."
] | [
"The moon probably used to rotate more independently, but the gravity of earth has tidally locked it so that it only rotates once per revolution. The Earth could become tidally locked to the moon, but it would take so much time, the sun would burn out before that happened. It's also mostly referred to as the far si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
In the digital age, how will photographs be handed down to future generations? | [
"My descendents can fb me if they really care to see.."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is female circumcision done by Muslims considered mutilation, but male circumcision commonly done in America completely fine? | [
"There are several forms of female genital mutilation. The more serious forms of it are like cutting your dick off, and then making it so that the stub will hurt if someone tries to fuck you. There are also more minor forms which are comparable to male circumcision though many of them make the very sensitive clit... | [
"In the 1870s a few influential American doctors thought that circumcision was good for your health, so they endorsed it as standard practice on medical grounds. 50 years later, doctors figured out that circumcision didn't really affect your health one way or the other. However, circumcision had been the standard l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Circumcision in the US:"
} |
Why does it always seem like the world is falling apart? | [
"Information isn't just at your fingertips, it's being shotgun blasted into your retinas. Your attention span is a hot commodity, so everyone with something to say is going to radicalize it so you take notice. We live in the most peaceful time in history, we have more control over diseases and better healthcare t... | [
"Isn't it just another way to take your mind off it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Health:"
} |
Why do veterans in the USA have a seperate hospital/healthcare system? | [
"It was seen as an obligation that the citizens would pay for the healthcare of soldiers who were injured in the service of the country."
] | [
"There are many different healthcare systems in use in Europe ranging from free-at-the-point-of-use primary and secondary care through to mandatory insurance policies similar to Obamacare. Is there any particular country's healthcare system you'd like a comparison with?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
standard deviations. | [
"Standard deviations add context to data. Is 20 a lot more than 10? If it's how fast your car is going right now, not at all. If it's how much you spent on lunch today, maybe. If it's how many times you peed yesterday, then, ya know, it might be time to see a doctor. Standard Deviations are what allow you to tra... | [
"I think you might be looking for this: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is glass the most chemically stable thing... ever? | [
"OP IS TALKING ABOUT HOW BEAKERS, TEST TUBES, AND MOST OTHER LAB EQUIPMENT IS MADE OF GLASS, NEVER REACTING WITH THE SUBSTANCES CHEMICALLY CHANGING WITHIN IT."
] | [
"It's because life on Earth is dependent upon it. Plus it is one of the only known substances that can be a solid, liquid, and gas within a narrow temperature range, something that is vital to life on Earth. Water is also really great at dissolving stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about science:"
} |
With so many ways to listen to an artists music for cheap or even free, how do musicians make any money? | [
"Their main income is from touring and live performances. Also, merchandise such as clothing (concert tees and such) Many pop artists have secondary incomes like clothing lines (J. Lo) and perfumes (Brittney Spears), even dolls (Taylor Swift). They do still sell albums via iTunes and physical CDs. They also get roy... | [
"It's more lucrative for film makers to release their work to theatres, or even DVD/BluRay, long before considering a release on Netflix. Music on the other hand isn't very lucrative to begin with, unless you happen to be a pop star, so releasing an album on a streaming service like Pandora isn't likely to result i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about music industry:",
"pos": "Represent the document about music industry:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is pipe tobacco wet but cigarette (rollie) tobacco dry? | [
"Def not interchangeable. I believe it is because generally pipe smokers want to puff on there pipe for awhile. If it was dry like cigarette tobacco it would burn up in a few puffs. The moist pipe tobacco burns and stays lit for a little while."
] | [
"They contain processed tobacco, various flavor additives (see link to list posted by u/bulksalty, and the paper \"tube\" or wrap. The paper will vary by brand - it can be rice paper, hemp paper, flax paper, lots of different things. The tobacco plant is harvested, cured (dried), and processed down into a pulp that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is patient zero of such significance? | [
"Viruses mutate as they travel to different hosts, so the first patient to get it has the most basic form of it that has the most in common with the daughter strains, which may evolve in completely different directions. Thus, if you find a cure based on the original patient, is has the highest likelihood of working... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If all US currency states "Legal tender for ALL debts public or private" on it, can businesses legslly refuse to accept $100 bills? | [
"> There is.... no Federal statute mandating that a private business, a person or an organization must accept currency or coins as for payment for goods and/or services. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Burning a dollar bill is legal. It's not legal to deface currency with the intent of counterfeiting it or defrauding someone with it. Smashing a penny into a commemorative souvenir isn't either of those, so it's valid. Illegal would be tearing a $20 bill in half and trying to spend each half in two different store... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do hard criminals (like murderers) become super religious during jailtime? | [
"* joining up with others, regardless of the reason for affiliation, offers protection and community * prison life sucks, and placing your hopes and energies in something beyond that can be a coping mechanism * a lot of people are in prison because they shameless exploit and manipulate others...religion is an effec... | [
"Average sentence for murder is 50 years Average sentence for sex offenders is 5 years Basically sex offenders are at a much higher risk of getting out of jail and re-offending. Murderers tend to stay in jail."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does our brain tend to remember the bad things that happend to us more often and intense than the good stuff? | [
"Probably because in history, remembering bad events would help you to avoid them in the future and aid your survival. E.g. if you were attacked by a bear near a cave and lived, you would remember not to go near that cave again."
] | [
"Because we most often remember things we were dreaming when awakened suddenly, big things happen all the time in your dreams, you just don't remember most of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how can a spacecraft calculate its speed in space? | [
"The ONLY way to calculate a speed is by using some sort of reference point. When we say a car is going 60 mph we mean that relative to the road it is going that fast. The Earth is hurtling through space at ridiculously fast speeds relative to the objects in space. There is no \"absolute speed\" by which to measure... | [
"Earth may spin 1 rev/day, but planes spin with it so the spin of Earth doesn't matter at all. Its just about the speed to get from A to B. i.e. Why doesn't a boat just take 12 hours around the world?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If a suppressor doesn't actually silence the sound of a gun that much, what role does it serve? | [
"It reduces the sound enough that it won't damage your hearing which also makes it so that the report of the weapon isn't heard a mile away *Edit: Integrated silencers actually do silence the weapon. Like the MP5SD. The bolt clicking is louder than the shot"
] | [
"Well, depending on the gun, you are going to hear one or more of the following: 1. The actual \"gunshot\" itself. Guns are machines that use little explosions to throw things out of one end. Explosions make a noise. This is what is alleviated or removed by a suppressor/\"silencer.\" 2. The \"crack\" of the bullet ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about gun silencing:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about gun silencing:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why fish can pull oxygen from the water yet not from the air. | [
"Fish pull oxygen out of the water using a body part called a *gill*. They have gills on either side of their heads (kind of where our ears are). Gills are made of lots and lots of little thin fins. That way they have lots and lots of surface that touches the water passing by, so there are lots of opportunities for... | [
"The cell walls are permeable and oxygen and CO2 and all the wonderful gasses in the air pass through and out again. So most likely the air inside is the same as the air on the outside."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do cars need transmissions but planes and boats don't? | [
"Engines have a relatively narrow range of RPM where they perform efficiently. Planes and boats propel themselves in a viscous atmosphere/fluid. As a result, plane and boat engines can operate in a fairly narrow range of RPM and still be effective. Within that narrow RPM range, the propeller/fan generates sufficien... | [
"Technology *was indeed* advancing super fast even in the 1940s. Each technology builds on the innovations that came before it. You can't make cellphones without transistors. You can't make jet planes without basic airplanes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why were buildings such as schools made into fallout shelters? | [
"Schools are large buildings, typically in the middle of population centers that typically have facilities built for large group of people (bathrooms, kitchens, etc.). They make natural rally points for a population center and are built reasonably well to handle a crowd."
] | [
"Well, the alternative is standing outside and getting microwaved by the blast... There is a risk of the building collapsing but if the building and you survive you'll be in a slightly better place than if you were in the open air. There are also public designated fallout shelters that are reinforced / meant for s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why didn't the FCC allow television broadcasters to use the AM band, instead of FM/VHF/UHF? | [
"The AM Band extends from 535- to 1,705-kHz, which takes up a little more than 1.1 Mhz. Each of the original TV channels used 6 Mhz. Thus, the entire AM band was incapable of handling even 1 single TV signal."
] | [
"Only odd frequencies are used to prevent interference. If you had two stations on 95.1 and 95.2, you wouldn't get a very clear signal out of either station. 95,1 and 95.3 are far enough apart that you can tune into either one clearly. And the frequencies are between 88 and 108 MHz because the other frequencies are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are many bathroom sink faucets so close to the back of the sink? | [
"The reason is probably cost reduction. The faucet is most likely a casting. Castings of consumer products are made in such a high volume that costs associated with design (such as fancy curves, etc.) don't impact the cost of an individual unit much. The primary cost is the material. A shorter faucet means less met... | [
"> Why do sink and other faucets only go out 10-25% over the basin making it awkward to use them rather than going 50-75% where it would be much easier to use them? If the faucet was directly over the center of the basin then getting something into the sink itself would be difficult; suppose you wanted to put a pot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If Oseltamivir also helps prevent the flu, then why isn't it not prescribed as such? | [
"> Couldn't one make the argument that if everyone in you household has a flu, then getting prescribed Oseltamivir should be the way to go? If everyone in your household has the flu, then Oseltamivir isn't going to help all that much. From the article you linked: > \"On average patients who start taking Tamiflu wi... | [
"There are many many strains of the cold virus, and any effective treatment would need to combat many of them. Additionally, it mutates pretty rapidly, so it'd be a fight to keep a medication up to date and effective. Add to that the fact that a lot of the things we think of as colds aren't really caused by the co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come at night when I change the angle of my rearview mirror it receives less light? | [
"[Really old picture](_URL_0_), but it explains it nicely."
] | [
"Because when at 90 degrees you are unable to see the screen due to it being perpendicular to your line of sight. The only thing you'll be seeing is the side of the monitor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Mathematically, why can't a chair balance with 2 legs? | [
"To see if something will balance, lay a string on the ground around its feet and tighten it. (That's called the \"convex hull\" of the feet.) The center of mass must be above the area outlined by the string for it to balance. Of course when you tighten a string around two feet, it becomes a line with no area, whic... | [
"Turning is accelerating in classical physics. Thus, the fly will move towards the window"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do we tip bartenders but not fast food workers for doing essentially the same task? | [
"Bartenders pour drinks and can give you extra booze and not kick you out when you start getting drunk. The good ones will conversation with you at show times."
] | [
"You do. You tip your hairdresser, the vallet, pizza guy, the bellhop, bartender etc. In case you didn't know, food servers are not paid a \"salary,\" they live off of tips. This is a cultural norm and employers don't have to pay them a wage because it's understood that they make their money in tips. Yes, they pay ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do headphones sound better when you press on them? | [
"you get a better seal around your ear, making more sound go directly in the ear rather than floating off"
] | [
"Do you mean ears as in exterior or ear drum and canal. If the exterior of your ear hurts it's likely you have either an on ear or poorly fitted over ear headphone with to much clamping force. Try stretching the headband by putting the headphones on a box slightly larger than your head. If the insides of your ear h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How and why does the human body generates heat? | [
"When we burn calories, we actually burn (oxidize) calories. The oxygen we breathe in is used for cells to take the food we eat and turn it into energy. The leftovers are heat, carbon dioxide (which we then breathe out), and a bit of water."
] | [
"Your brain is telling your body to make room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How come animals today aren't as big as the dinosaurs were? | [
"Keep in mind a few facts: The biggest animal that ever lived is alive today. Bigger than any dinosaur, bigger than megalodon, bigger than all the ones you never heard of. Biggest animal ever is the blue whale. Two, huge prehistoric animals like giant sauropods, megalodon, those kite-sized dragonflies, all existed ... | [
"On thing to realize is that while sharks existed at the same time as the dinosaurs, modern species of sharks did not. All those sharks are extinct today. \"Shark\" is a large group (specifically superorder *Selachimorpha*) of cartilaginous fish. Saying that sharks existed at the same time as dinosaurs isn't terrib... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How in the hell did Arnold Schwarzenegger become the governor of California? | [
"Everyone was pissed off at the guy before him. My car registration became like $1000! I mean wtf, what do they do for me to charge me $1000?? He promised to fix it and he did."
] | [
"stay strong, and one day a white person may actually become a member of Congress or even President of the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did they print photos in old newspapers? | [
"How old were the newspapers? The first newspapers used reusable type for the letters. To print a picture engraving were made. No there was no shading possible at first. Then engravings using multiple small lines were made to produce shadows. As printing advanced the ability to print smaller and smaller lines, then... | [
"What drugs were popular in 19th century Britain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is causing the troubles in Calais/The Channel Tunnel? | [
"Migrants have been building up over the years, many of the asylum seekers are from Syria and other middle eastern countries affected by the voilence. Since the Strikes happened there was alot less staff causing a build up in queues bringing lorries to a stand still. This provides the perfect opportunity to get ont... | [
"What do you want to hear more about? The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? The Israel vs. Palestine situation? The Arab Spring? The recent attacks on US embassies?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes computer code inefficient or elegant? | [
"Basically, it's a measurement of what a program is able to do contrasted by how much space the program takes up. Here is an extremely simplified example: 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 20 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16 or 2 ^4 = 16 All of these equations equal 16, but each successive version of the equation takes up less... | [
"Can a single computer program determine if any other computer program will run forever? No"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is there an age requirement (35) to be President of the United States? | [
"Explain it like you're five? So somebody like an American version of Justin Bieber isn't swept into office because of his fan base."
] | [
"They have not chosen to apply to be States yet. Puerto Rico was close to voting to apply for statehood a few months ago though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about American government and politics:"
} |
Why is that when an escalator is turned off and you walk on it you feel like you're losing balance? | [
"Because since escalators are designed to move, when they are turned off they wiggle. Not a lot but just enough where you're barely aware of it. So since normal stairs are meant to be sturdy an escalator is not and your brain is not used to stairs wiggling and shifting."
] | [
"Because you know where you are, where the toilet is, and that that is the direction you are currently heading. If you aren't getting closer you are doing it wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
how exactly does water ruin electronics, assuming that they are turned off after and dried throughly, what damage to hardware is done that is irreparable? | [
"Think of electronics like a big freeway system. Where the freeways themselves are the electronic circuits. The electrons that travel on these circuits would be the cars. Now Imagine that you NEED to take a certain highway to get to a certain destination. When you add water, you now change the path(s) that those el... | [
"It shorts out connections. If the board got wet while powered down, you're probably okay, if you make sure to dry the hell out of it before powering it back up (dry it 10x as much as you think it needs to be dried, there's lots of nooks and crannies in there. Oh and definitely remove the CPU and dry the socket) As... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What kind of relationship do lawyers actually have with their clients in terms of guilt? | [
"My understanding... it isn't relevant if your client is innocent or guilty. A defense attorney's job is to make sure the prosecutor's job is being done correctly. A prosecutor wants a conviction. They need to prove \"beyond a reasonable doubt\" that the defendant is guilty. A defense attorney needs to make sure t... | [
"They are paid to argue for a particular interest. They get face time with various congressmen and committees pushing their employers agenda. The problem is that their agenda may not be aligned with what is actually best for the people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do shaving creams make shaving easier? | [
"To save you a chemistry lesson with lots of long words, let’s break it down to four basic ingredients: Stearic acid – one of the main ingredients in soap-making. This puppy attracts dirt and grease and cleans your skin. Surfactants – or “surface-acting agents.” They attract water to your skin, making it moist. Emu... | [
"The stubble rubs against the skin causing an irritation. Razor burns are also hell. Try using razor burn cream. It helps a lot along with baby powder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do nipples go hard when they are hit? | [
"It's easier for newborn to latch onto a stiff nipple than a flaccid soft one. It's theorized thats why they stiffen upon contact. The other reason is cold. In the same way you get goosebumps on your arms in the cold because your body is trying to keep you warm with your \"fur\". The hair follicles around your nipp... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How would a basic income system work, how would it be implemented, and how might it affect taxation, industries and the economy? | [
"Basic income is the government giving a set income to everyone in the country. This is funded by taxes as any other government program. You can still work and earn money on top of your basic income. And the more you earn the more taxed you are, so if you earn quite a bit you will payback your basic income through ... | [
"By increasing the education level of the people, and by building infrastructure and equipment that can produce stuff, and by improving how things are organized and governed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about World Affairs:"
} |
Do astronauts on the ISS just not fap? | [
"Why would you think that? They're up their for awhile, if they're not having sex with eachother, masturbation seems like an obvious thing that would happen"
] | [
"They can exercise, they just can't stand up and run."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why is celery frequently served with chicken wings? | [
"It acts as a vehicle for ranch or blue cheese to cool the mouth off without having to take more hot sauce to get the cooling relief."
] | [
"you sure about that? ive never heard of the french eating raw chicken. tartar is served raw, whether that is fish or beef etc. but i dont think that is accurate. i could be wrong. looking forward to the posts on this one."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why must Inflation happen in an economic system? Why can't we just ignore it and say that money is worth the same? | [
"It's not a guarantee that inflation will happen, or that the inflation will be a good thing. You can have deflation where a dollar is gaining in value over time. This encourages people to save money instead of spending it, and you have less dollars flowing through your economy. You can also have hyperinflation whe... | [
"It is worth a dollar because we all agree its worth a dollar. You can spend it, so it is worth something. That's it. This is referred to a fiat currency. At the end of the day the value is based on the fact that it is based on the government and the continuing faith in that government. That is one reason why fail... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Economics:"
} |
Why is the cost of groceries still high when the price of gas has fallen back down? | [
"What /u/Teekno said, water, is a huge part of it, and not limited to just California - reports were that last summer was so dry in the midwest that grains and corn were also going to have a much smaller crop this past fall, on top of the pork shortage, and this past winter [has killed over 30k dairy cattle,](_URL_... | [
"The cost of barrel of crude might be half what is was 1981 but all the other costs of getting it to the pump have gone up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can routers only use 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz if they're so congested? | [
"Radio spectrums are like a broad highway. Consider 2.4 and 5 as like the 2 far left lanes on a highway, but there are maybe 6 more lanes. These 6 lanes are reserved for military communications(2 lanes), emergency responders radios(1 lane), aircraft radio communications(1 lane), and cell phone companies(2 lanes). T... | [
"1. Frequency. One operates at ~5Ghz, one operates at ~2.4Ghz 2. Interference. More non-wifi (802.11b/g to be specific) devices utilize the 2.4ghz spectrum/generate radio waves at this spectrum, such as old portable phones, microwaves, bluetooth, etc. 3. Range, speed, and penetration. 5Ghz (802.11ac and 5Ghz n, to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people think that US income tax is unconstitutional? If so, why isn't this bigger news? | [
"> Why do people think that US income tax is unconstitutional? Because people don't want to pay income tax, so they grasp at straws to try to find a way out of it. For instance, some people claim that, because the versions of 16th amendment that were ratified by the states have slight differences in the spelling of... | [
"All the federal taxes will be the same for everyone. No taxing one place or group more just because of who they are. That's how I understand it, anyway. Could be wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If you are deaf do you need to be concerned about your ears? In terms out volume | [
"Yes. While you may be deaf loud noises can still cause both pain and physical damage to your ears."
] | [
"If the vacuum cleaner noise is that loud it does have the chance to damage you hearing such that you go deaf. So I am not sure what you are basing you assumption on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is the plastic no longer opaque on this sticker? | [
"Because one side of that plastic has lots of bumps, so when light passes through it, the light is refracted and scattered in random directions. However, the sticker fills in these bumps and leaves a smooth surface for light to pass straight through unobstructed."
] | [
"Those visors: a real thin layer of gold on there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do most devices that use multiple batteries need to have them alternated? | [
"Efficiency. Most devices require more voltage than a single battery produces. For example, a AA battery produces 1.5 volts. If you need 3 volts, you need to connect two AA batteries in a series. That means you need to join the positive end of one battery to the negative end of of the next battery. The easiest way... | [
"Your phone and laptop have battery controller chips that regulate charging and discharging to keep the battery within the allowed current, voltage, temperature, and charge range. When the battery is \"full\" the controller will stop charging the battery and the phone will run off the incoming power directly rather... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If Republicans are for small government why are they introducing so many laws thrusting their religion on to others? | [
"Mostly because Republicans haven't been for small government in several years. Republicans and Democrats just have different opinions on which parts of government should be bigger or smaller. In general, Democrats want to control what you do outside of your house, Republicans want to control what you do inside of ... | [
"Republicans want government involvement in social issues, democrats want it in economic issues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What function do Tinder bots serve? | [
"It's selling porn. That's it. Those sketchy links you end up getting sent by a tinder bot or anything else are just porn. The one reaping the benefit is the person selling the porn."
] | [
"Because of the possibility to get strikes, or copyright infringements, since some of them have direct access to YouTube workers, they can resolve problems way more quickly. Networks also help YouTubers to get higher paying advertisements."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do high areas of heat ripple our vision? | [
"Hot air is less dense than cold air, and light travels through them at slightly different speeds. At the boundaries between hot and cold air, the difference causes light to refract (aka bend) as it passes from one to the other. As the hot air rises and circulates with cold air, the boundaries between hot and cold ... | [
"Rockets - not only do they carry instrumentation but they measure the distortion of the trails to measure shock wave effects."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do some TV shows like TBBT and Homeland make it over to prime time British TV, but Parks and Recreation and Breaking Bad don't? | [
"Either the networks there believe that they will not be popular enough to justify acquiring the rights to, or the rights holders in the US are asking for more money than the British networks are willing to pay."
] | [
"People don’t think the shows are as great as you do so they don’t tune in and the fuck it doesn’t make enough money so they canceled it"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do worldleaders even think about going to war with eachother even though they know that it will cost incredible amounts of money and many innocent lives? | [
"War is usually about land and resources. If one country needs land for farming and it's taken by another country, they will not have the ability to feed their people. If land with valuable minerals or oil is taken, the country losing that land will have less ability to progress by using those resources. If a shipp... | [
"They usually involve many countries agreeing not to trade with them. It also probably includes things to hurt them economically. The reason they dont care is because next to china, they are one of the richest countries in the world, and for what theyre gaining (the Crimean peninsula) they can probably take the san... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
El Niño. What the FUCK happened to winter? | [
"Okay, so, the pacific ocean is really big, and really windy. The winds push all of the water to the west, and it wells up warm surface water along the western pacific. Every once in a while, for reasons we don't yet fully understand, the wind gets a little weaker, and the pacific ocean has a crazy backwash. Then t... | [
"I just wanna know what the fuck happened."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are young birds and eggs safe in nests? Aren't they sitting ducks? | [
"First and foremost. Did you just make this post for a sitting ducks pun? Second, that is why a great many birds build nests way up on the top of trees. Those that don't generally try to disguise it in the underbrush. But yes, at the end of the day, eggs do get eaten. Nature doesn't care that much about the death ... | [
"Chicken nests on the ground, so their young are a lot more vulnerable to predators or getting stepped on by some large animal. Therefore it's necessary for chicks to be able to move."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are gasoline prices so volatile especially compared to other staples like bread or milk? | [
"Because the markup on gasoline is much smaller than the markup on more processed goods like bread. [Wheat prices](_URL_0_) are similarly volatile as [oil prices](_URL_2_), but there's about a nickel of wheat in a loaf of bread, so when the price of wheat moves by 50% it impacts the total cost of the loaf by only a... | [
"By what it will buy. That's pretty much it. What it will buy is influenced by outside psychological factors: do gas suppliers think a shortage is coming up? Less gas for the same money. Was there a major crop failure someplace? Fewer groceries for the same money. Did the stock market drop last week? Prices in gen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do drive-thru fast food places have two Windows even though only one is used? | [
"When order volumes are high enough, and when they have staff for it, they can run both windows, which makes the drive-thru a little more efficient. But it doesn't make sense to run it that way when order volumes are lower."
] | [
"They hire the minimum number of employees that it takes to run their stores including registers and security. It saves them money by not having to pay them. They actually don't give a fuck about how long their customers have to wait. In order to combat the most vocal of them they installed self checkout stations f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do guys feel it in their stomach when they get hit in then balls? | [
"In humans, the testicles start out life in the abdomen and descend through its lower wall, eventually ending up external to the body. This gives them a number of connections to the abdomen; they're basically wrapped in every layer of the abdominal wall. Their nerve supply comes from the abdomen as well, apparently... | [
"There's no sphincter there. There's vaginal muscles but if you tell girls on their periods to flex them you'll get stabbed in the face."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can we assume that people recycle properly? What happens if someone accidentally throws a non-recyclable item into the recycling? | [
"The recycling plant has machines and people to split recycling. Even if it where all recycled properly you still need to put the coke can in the aluminum recycling machine and the coke bottle into the glass recycling machine."
] | [
"Depends upon your local recycling program. Most programs would not recycle these because it is too expensive. Most programs separate the products that are cost effective to recycle and send the rest to the landfill. Just because you are encouraged to put it in the blue bin, does not mean it actually gets recycled.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there no gray people? | [
"There are in-between colored people; they’re brown, not grey. White people aren’t ivory white, and black people aren’t ebony black; we’ve got some reddish hue that shows through our skin. Black people from Africa are very dark skinned – in American and many European nations, we often see someone with brown skin an... | [
"Why would you think there are any? Have you been to them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Would it be possible to change a planet's atmosphere, terrain, etc enough to make it capable of supporting life | [
"The process that you are referring to is called Terra forming. Theoretically it would be possible, though at current times, we struggle just to manage maintaining little national parks. The process of changing another planets atmosphere without drastically changing it too much might be more than we could ever mana... | [
"There is no 100% direct way to relate a planets surface area to habitabilty. A large enough planet will tend to become more like a gas giant than a rocky world, but that also depends heavily on whats around the area for the planet to be formed from in the first place. A large world would also likely be more massiv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where do Syrians get their weapons? And why do they still get them? | [
"Many of the weapons spread throughout Africa and the Middle East are remnants of the collapse of the U.S.S.R. There were so many spread throughout the region that when it fell many of the weapons ended up on the black market etc. That is one reason you see so many with AK's. That and AK's are one of the most relia... | [
"There's a revolution going on, which is effectively a civil war. The government forces (the army) are loyal to President Bashar al-Assad. The FSA (Free Syrian Army) are the rebels, made up of citizens, soliders who defected, and anyone else who has decided to fight with them. The Syrian government doesn't seem to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do Energy Drinks only come in cans while water only comes in bottles, yet pop/soda can go either way? | [
"Having worked in the Soda industry, I remember asking once why Soda bottles expired a lot quicker than soda in cans, and it's due to the plastic deteriorating due to the acid in the beverages. There are a few Energy drinks that come in the plastic bottles, NOS comes to mind, however I'm willing to wager that the g... | [
"Efficiency. Boxes are easier to stack and store and when pasteurized the juice can last for years in the boxes. Drink companies would pack everything in them if they could. Milk will spoil unless it's UHT pasteurized, the boxes aren't strong enough for carbonated drinks. Generally if it's carbonated or needs to be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Explain to me the fourth dimension | [
"You might enjoy these previous posts on the topic: _URL_0_ _URL_1_"
] | [
"Could you explain a bit more about your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does it seem that anywhere you go these days , there is background music playing (gas stations , malls , airplanes) ? | [
"It's mostly a subconscious thing. There is some evidence to suggest that the tempo of the music playing will affect customers behavior. Slow music in a store might cause some customers to slow down and look around, and possibly even buy more. Fast music in a restaurant might cause diners to eat faster so that the ... | [
"Because you're not looking in the right places? Most of them end up needing long term care and end up in homes for the mentally disabled, but those places end up taking them out frequently in group outings, you do see the groups walking around malls and such sometimes (but I suppose this is probably all in the mid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are sanctuary cities a thing. Why is it not aganist the law to harbour an illegal | [
"It is the federal government's job to enforce immigration law. The states don't need to help out in any way legally speaking. A \"sanctuary city\" is a city which has an official policy of not helping the federal government, but not obstructing them. If it was illegal to let an illegal alien exist within your city... | [
"Because there is no political will to do so. Republicans want cheap under the table labor. Democrats want a human rights issue and the Hispanic vote. Some politicians agitate for better controls against illegal immigration, recently it has been law and order Republicans, in the past it has been pro-union Democrats... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does washing your hands kill germs? | [
"Generally it doesn't, it just moves the germs away. Kinda like washing mud off your hands doesn't destroy the mud, just moves it elsewere. That's with regular soap. Do not use antibacterial soap. Or antibacterial anything for that matter. Getting rid of germs seems logical (after all, that's what causes diseases),... | [
"For: wash off pesticides, dirt. Against: why the hell would there be anything against washing your fruit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What is exactly social security? | [
"You work, you pay SS. The taxes you pay go to someone else who is receiving SS. When you retire you will be paid by others who currently work. The amount you get paid receiving SS is influenced by the amount of taxes you contributed. SS is facing issues but the worst case scenario (ignoring total economic collapse... | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When humans die our bodies rot. When insects die they just dry up. Why? | [
"Their insides rot. But their 'skeleton' is on the outside, and just like humans, it's the hardest part and resists breaking down the longest."
] | [
"Flies lay their eggs on rotting things. It is how they reproduce. When the maggots hatch they need decaying flesh for food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do containers that had egg in them bubble and froth so much, even when just rinsed? | [
"Egg whites contain a lot of liquid protein, which forms a thin and strong layer, a temporary membrane that fills with air to make a bubble."
] | [
"The surface of the ice is rough until it starts to melt enough. This provides nucleation sites where the bubbles can grow more easily. It's the same principle as the mentos in diet coke thing. If you rinse the ice with water first, it won't foam up as much. Try also pouring into a dry glass vs one that you've just... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food and Beverage:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to swallow when you look up, or tilt your head backwards? | [
"Because tilting your head back opens your airway and they can't both be open at the same time."
] | [
"> Are they able to close off their airways while they eat or do they have a separate process ? They close off their airway while they eat, much like how humans close our airway when we swallow. Get a cup of water, hold your breath, and take a drink while holding your breath. This is something you can do perfectly ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are there so many seagulls in the local shopping center parking lot even though I'm nowhere near close to the ocean or a large body of water. | [
"Seagull is a common or informal name for many different types birds that are located pretty much everywhere across the planet. The gulls you are seeing are probably ring-billed gulls. They do like to nest near water, but since they can eat pretty much anything, they are commonly found near easy to find food source... | [
"Feral pigeons are scavengers, and do quite well on all the discarded food on city streets. There are reportedly red tailed hawks in NYC, but they're rare. The other birds you mention lean more towards seeds, nuts, insects, etc. Head to the parks, but don't expect to see them frequently on the city streets. Pigeons... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Bird behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Bird behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Bird behavior:"
} |
How do Governments pay back trillions worth of debts? | [
"We are perpetually paying off old debt while creating new debt. Debt is basically the total money the US government owes to people who hold government bonds. These government bonds set out a repayment schedule, and the US has never missed a payment since the revolution making it one of the safest investments on ea... | [
"Their GDP dropped to the point that investors did not believe the government would be able to pay its debts on time. Thus the rating on their government bonds plummetted. To prevent a government default, they received bailout money from other countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come back in the 50s and 60s it was safe for parents to let their kids go off and play all day, but as the years progressed that changed? | [
"It's always just as safe. The difference is that parents now are more paranoid."
] | [
"This is not limited to games, when was the last time you saw a nude person on Sesame Street? People want to shelter their kids from the world and then throw them into head first when they turn 18. This is why therapists are so popular these days."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do zero calorie energy drinks work? | [
"> Is is just that there are chemicals in it that inhibit the neurotransmitters that make you feel tired, or something else along those lines? Yeah, pretty much. Stimulants like Caffeine work by basically telling your brain \"you are awake\" or blocking the signals that say \"you are tired\" (the exact mechanism de... | [
"Zero Calorie drink are actually drinks that have less the 0.5 calories. They choose to round down to zero. Calories are a measurement of energy in food. Not every part of any food item can be used for energy. For example Celery has a extremely low amount of usable energy because of all the cellulose in it (Human c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
A lot of history books talk about the banning of atmospheric tests of thermonuclear weapons in the 60's. Where do they test them now and how is it safer? | [
"When they are tested underground there is very little dust kicked up into the atmosphere. When the Soviet Union tested the largest thermonuclear device ever the physicist in charge deliberately did not make it as powerful as possible because the effects would be too wide spread and long lasting."
] | [
"Movies have lied to you about the effects and duration of radiation. Most of what movies show about how radiation works are distorted and exaggerated. This will also blow your mind: over 500 nuclear bombs have been set off in the US back when we still tested nuclear bombs, some as close as 65 miles away from las ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why do some bottles of alcohol have flow regulators/fun stoppers/plastic thingy at the tip of the bottle? And some don't? | [
"ITT: People who think the OP is asking about those add-on pour spouts that bartenders use. We are talking about the plastic filter/screen thingy that is *inside* the top of the bottle, *underneath* the original cap, already installed when you buy the bottle from the store. To answer the question, they are usually ... | [
"because of air flow. when you pour out of a bottle, you get that 'glug glug glug' thing happen, where a bunch of water comes out, then there's a short break before the next bunch. this is because as the water blocks the lid area of the bottle, the bottle becomes airtight, and the rest of the water cannot flow even... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If a heart is stopped (cardiac arrest), how can a shot of adrenaline sometimes work? | [
"If the heart is stopped, you're not going to start it again. A lot of people think that drugs or a defibrillator will start a stopped heart, it won't happen. Epinephrine will cause a slowed heart to speed up as well as increase your breathing rate. It does this by blocking the pancreas' ability to produce insulin... | [
"Defibrillators actually don't start a heart. What they do is force the heart to return to a normal rhythm, in the case of dysrhythmia, such as tachycardia. This can prevent a heart attack from occurring, but it cannot restart a heart that has stopped beating."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Medical:"
} |
Why Most Rappers Have the Urge to Say Their Name in Their Music? | [
"Educated guess here but in hip-hop it's very common to feature other artists on a track so it helps the artist gain exposure and let's the listener know who's verse or was when they like it. Also worth mentioning that alot of artists (Kanye and travis scott particularly) don't put the feature artists name on the t... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does it mean when the ingredients of a food product say “natural flavors” ? | [
"If you grow fungis and other microbilogic stuff in a lab you can get all kinds of flavours. Its a missleading term. Technically it is all natural but it doesnt mean the flavour in your orange juice is from oranges..."
] | [
"When foods characterized on the label as 'nondairy' contain a caseinate ingredient, the caseinate ingredient shall be followed by a parenthetical statement identifying its source. For example, if the manufacturer uses the term 'nondairy' on a creamer that contains sodium caseinate, it shall include a parenthetical... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are circuit lines sometimes squiggly? | [
"It is so that every lane takes the same time as the others. They are squiggly because those memory components have a shorter distance than others and to have them all run at the same speed, so to get them to run at the same speed as one thats farther away it has to run a larger distance that is equal to the others... | [
"If the grooves go up and down you get one channel If the grooves go left to right you get the second channel. Edit: more detail First things first, a moving magnet will produce an electric current in a conductor (like copper wire). So the needle is connected to a magnet that moves as the needle runs along the groo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
From an actual 5 year old; what makes water stick to surfaces? | [
"Polarity. The water molecule is unbalanced, and has an attractive field on the molecular level. This very weak magnetism allows it to cling to things. The reason it clings is the same reason why surface tension exists: water likes to cling to other polar molecules. This means that it likes to cling to itself, as w... | [
"Tough question, might as well ask: What is love?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Science:"
} |
Do copper sleeves and braces for your body really work? If so, how? | [
"They absolutely don't work at all. But wait, there's more! Ok sadly there isn't, it's just basically a scam, there's no evidence this stuff does anything."
] | [
"You might be breathing through your mouth leading to it being dry. A humidifier might help by keeping the air more moist while you breathe. Have you spoken to your doctor or dentist about your perpetual dry mouth? If OTC treatments aren't helping, it's time to see one of your medical practitioners."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
theres so many types of toothpaste that supposedly do different things, but they all have the same one active ingredient. | [
"There are indeed inactive ingredients that have different benefits, but almost none are significant. The best toothpastes have fluoride, xylitol, no sodium lauryl sulfate. Tom's clean & gentle is a good one, so is Biotene (expensive), or Spry/Squigle with fluoride. -dental hygienist."
] | [
"Toothpaste acts as a mild abrasive so yeah, to a certain extent good brushing and flossing along with an oral dentrifice like paste can help. The other thing is, most if not all toothpaste has a small amount of fluoride in it which helps to kill germs. Overall, the mechanical removal of built up plaque via brushin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What the difference(s) between a pub, a bar, and tavern? | [
"Bars are typically geared toward alcohol, a pub is geared towards food and alcohol, and a tavern normally is a pub with rooms to rent for nights. I could be wrong, but that's what I grew up thinking :)"
] | [
"The word \"pub\" is simply short for \"public house\". A free house is a pub that isn't owned by one of the major brewery companies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do we gag when we smell or see something gross? | [
"A wise man once told me, \"You know what the difference is between smelling shit and eating shit? Parts per million.\""
] | [
"1. it passes through your mouth. Many of the things that are stinky are in your mouth. 2. you have trouble smelling when exhaling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In these sanctuary cities, Why are the Mayor and city council not being charged with aiding and abetting a criminal, and harboring a fugitive? | [
"They aren't actually breaking any laws or (legally speaking) aiding and abetting anyone. They're just refusing to do the Federal Government's job for them. It's not up to individual local governments to enforce federal law and they can't be forced to if they don't want to. If they were actively preventing federal... | [
"Because there is no political will to do so. Republicans want cheap under the table labor. Democrats want a human rights issue and the Hispanic vote. Some politicians agitate for better controls against illegal immigration, recently it has been law and order Republicans, in the past it has been pro-union Democrats... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Before gunpowder weaponry, how were any naval battles fought? | [
"A few diffrent ways. I'd recommend /r/askhistorians for a more complete explanation. There's a few things that were done: 1. ramming other boats, either to breach their hull and to sink them, or to send over troops for boarding actions. 2. Archers stationed on deck firing arrows, either regular ones of fire arrows... | [
"Nothing. China used explosive in warfare fairly soon after their discovery and large regions of Asia were conquered as a result of them. But explosives were very expensive and dangerous to make, particularly in antiquity so you could not have extremely large stockpiles of them early on and by the time you could h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How that tugboat from the front page could pull the ship 10 times it's own size | [
"Tug Boats are basically motors with a ship built around them. One big floating motor designed to move ships."
] | [
"There's a LOT of ship underwater, which you obviously can't see, but it's displacing enough water to make up for all the stuff that's loaded on there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does muscle enable us to lift heavier things? | [
"Muscles are made of fibres which contract to make a certain action. For example, a bicep curl. The more muscle, the more fibres. The more fibres you have contracting together, the more force you create. More force allows you to lift more."
] | [
"Would you be stronger if you lifted 100 pound weights instead of 50 pound weights? The higher the gravity, the more something will weigh, so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do school buses have to always stop before railroads on open up to doors to listen? If the gates are up, it should be clear. | [
"Because the gates do not always work, not all rail crossings have gates, and the gates do not always deploy long enough before a train passes for larger slower vehicles to get across should they have some kind of mechanical trouble. This requirement is also for more than school buses. It is required of all buses ... | [
"Because there are more cars in the area during that time and it isn't safe to turn until the light is green. At night when fewer people are driving you can turn safely"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is there a country called Turkey and an animal called turkey when the two have nothing to do with each other? Is there any relationship between the two, or is it just coincidence? | [
"There's also a city in Turkey called Batman. What's up with that?"
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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