query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
how do scientists determine how much water you need to drink? | [
"The \"8 glasses of water per day\" thing is ridiculously high and is also a myth, apparently originally based on a misinterpretation of a 1940s article telling people to get 8 cups per day *including the water content of their food*. _URL_0_ But even that recommendation is somewhat suspect. Research hasn't conclus... | [
"Humidity. When it's a higher humidity. The air contains more moisture. Our bodies sweat to combat heat. Sweat evaporates. It's easier to evaporate in low humidity because the air is willing to take in more water. When water in the air is high. Sweating no longer helps us because the air can't talk in as much moist... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Are Tesla cars actually better for the environment? | [
"Right, so they use batteries. That means that we can choose where the energy for the cars comes from. You are right, if all the energy that we use to fill up the batteries comes from fossil fuels, we didn't really win anything. But here's the point: cars that are not electric do not have a choice. Their energy HAS... | [
"Tesla make all-electric cars. But what really sets them apart is that they're not the \"hippy\" electric cars that most companies have been making, but rather something sporty that has enough luxury to compete with BMW or Lexus (and a price tag to match). One of the big shakeups is that they sell directly to consu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is a Jesuit or a Franciscan and how do they fit in the Catholic church? | [
"They are monks, member of the two probably biggest orders. The requiements to be a monk may differ from order to order, some may accept only priests, others might even take in married women. So there is no general answer as to how they fit in. They are usually priests, living in monasteries or at any other place ... | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why has Norway done so well with its oil? | [
"When North Sea oil came \"on stream\" in the 1980s, two countries predominately benefitted: the UK, and Norway. The UK government of the time chose to use the money to fill in gaps in government spending allowing them to significantly lower income tax and other taxes. This was a political decision which was arrive... | [
"Because a large part of the population was fed a string of lies about how much better life would be out of the EU."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why does your vehicle not get morning frost on it when parked under an overhang or carport, if it is the same temperature and has the same airflow? | [
"Not exactly the same airflow, at least with the shelter on top. All that water vapour high in the air would first form and freeze on the shelter, versus being on your vehicle. It's like rain, really - why does your car not get wet under the shelter, except that in this case, it's really air. But air also moves, an... | [
"Because your car gets below freezing easily overnight, when it is off. But your house is heated so stays warm all the time. This keeps your window temperature above freezing, unless it gets really really really cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If I have $100k in available credit from credit card companies and/or banks and find out I'm about to die, what stops me from blowing the $100k before I'm dying and how would they recover their losses? | [
"> If I have $100k in available credit from credit card companies and/or banks and find out I'm about to die, what stops me from blowing the $100k before I'm dying Nothing stops you from using your credit. That's what the credit is there for. For you to use. Now, if you use it in a suspicious manner it might get fl... | [
"Basically credit is an amount of money that you have been deemed capble of being trusted to repay in a reasonable amount of time. The exact fine print will vary from one moneylender to another, and you need to be really careful. For example lots of people have a $20,000 line of credit to start a business, or buy a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How are hills made? For example, how are there hills in central Texas if there is no seismic activity? | [
"There is a fault line that runs along I35 between Dallas and San Antonio. If you stop at Wonder World you can tour the fault line and they do a good job showing the different topography on each side of the fault. So the answer is that the hills were formed due to seismic activity that formed the hills and Balcones... | [
"Glaciers receded during the ice age and tore up the land. Check out what most of the Canadian landscape looks like vs the lower 48 for a clearer example. Tons of tiny (and not so tiny) lakes everywhere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does glue not dry inside of the bottle? | [
"Let's take plan old white glue for an example. It is a bunch of sticky stuff in water. When the water evaporates, the stuff that's left behind is frozen into place. When it's in the bottle, there's nowhere for the water vapor to evaporate to, so it stays wet and sticky."
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are the practical applications for quadratic equations? | [
"They are used a lot in geometry, since distances in a plane are found with the pythagorean theorem a^2 + b^2 = c^(2). If you start with one of those numbers and want to find the others you often have to solve a quadratic equation. If you want to build real life objects based on an x-y plane you'll need that."
] | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about finance:"
} |
With all the efforts to send humans to mars, how's living on that planet better than living on Earth, considering it has no resources (animals, food, water, etc.) to live in? | [
"Among other many reasons to have a colony on Mars, perhaps the major reason is right now all Humans (and for we know, all life) in the universe is on (or orbiting) Earth. There is a chance (although very small) that all life on our planet will die due to a meteor, supervolcano, nuclear war, etc. within our lifetim... | [
"No atmosphere to protect them from radiation, no nutrient rich soil for them to grow in, no viable water supply. All kinds of reasons. We can't even grow trees in the deserts here on Earth. Mars is *waaaaaaay* worse than that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If somebody steals a piece of art, how can they make money of it? Wouldn't they be recognized and caught as the robbers if they are trying to sell it? | [
"If they sold it on eBay then yes. But these are pieces of artwork which are stolen to order to enter the private collections of people who are fully aware they are stolen."
] | [
"Obviously, someone might steal it from you if you carried it around with you. And if you steal something, you can't just put it in the bank now, can you? Especially if you're an outlawed pirate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does turning batteries around make them last longer? | [
"I hope I am understanding your question correctly. A lot of times when batteries die in your remote control for example. You can swap battery in position 1 with battery in position 2 and they give you a little more life. You can also just keep the batteries in the same position and roll them. What happens is the c... | [
"The battery holds charge like any other battery, it just lasts a long time because it uses so little electricity. You can open your key fob and change the battery if it runs out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do designers have strange cloths on cat walk ? Does any one actually buy them ? | [
"The clothes on the catwalks- generally speaking- aren't intended to be purchased whatsoever, nor are they really intended to even be worn by people. The crazy fashion you see at haute couture shows can be more compared to, say, a sculpture or fine arts piece. It's about the designer's vision, not the wearer. You'r... | [
"No one. Fashion is a matter of taste. However the fashion industry always want to push new trends so that you will buy cloths you don't really need. Because who could live with the horror of wearing that perfectly good jacket from last year. And even worse, develop your own style."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it that storage devices have less space than what they claim? (a 32GB iPod touch has 28.5GB of useble space) | [
"There are two ways of measuring the popular SI prefixes Giga- and Mega-. One way is using base 10. In this way, Mega- would be 10^6, and Giga- would be 10^9. The other way is using base 2. Using this, Mega- would be 2^20, and Giga would be 2^30. The problem is, that the base 10 versions don't equal the base 2 vers... | [
"The individual cells inside an SSD that store data will eventually wear out. To combat this, some percentage of the *raw* available storage will be set aside by the SSD's controller to replace things that die (along with some other optimization stuff). While an SSD might have 512GB of raw storage chips on it, you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why can't we remove salt from seawater to solve water shortages? | [
"we can, its called desalinization. huge pumps force water at super high pressures through special filters. Its very energy intensive though, and the plant is expensive to build, so typically, whenever there is a drought, it comes up, but then the drought ends before the project ramps up so it gets shelved."
] | [
"When people speak of conserving water, they aren’t concerned about global stocks of H₂0. We’re not going to run out of oceans. What people are worried about is running out of *useful* water. For example, Texas is in a drought and faces water shortages. Technically speaking, we’ve got an almost endless water supply... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Science:"
} |
Why do companies advertise with Megapixel and Megehertz while this doesn't say much about the actual speed/quality of the product? | [
"Because consumers are dumb and most don't understand the terms. But ohh this camera does has more megepixels I must buy it because I'm a dumb consumer zombie."
] | [
"- Better digital sensors. - Better printers - Better digital displays - Higher bandwidths - Media with bigger storage space for higher resolutions Much of if is about resolution, some of it is about capturing with the best possible contrast and colour depth (sensors and processing), some of it is about displaying... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If the bible is 1,281 pages how did so many churches get so many bibles before copying machines? | [
"Yes. Monks in monasteries copied them by hand all day long, making beautiful illuminated texts. It wasn't until Gutenberg invented the printing press with wooden blocks that made mass producing them easier. That's also why education and literacy was so limited to the upper class; books were expensive and hard to ... | [
"The bible isn't a book. It is a collection of several books, oral histories, and letters, that eventually got edited down to the 66 books we seen in most modern bibles. Asking how many times it has been rewritten isn't really meaningful."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What biological function does grief serve? It doesn't seem necessary for survival yet is a firm part of the human (and animal) condition. | [
"Let's say grief wasn't a thing. You're some proto-human and your mate dies. Oh well, time to find a new mate. You've removed a very strong motivator to keep your mate safe and cared for. As a result you've negatively impacted your ability to produce additional offspring. Same can be applied for close social connec... | [
"> It seems like there is no chance for me to pass on my genes if all I want to do is nothing. You would get off the couch if you had an opportunity to have sex, you were hungry, uncomfortable from exposure to weather, or were afraid for your life. Those are your biological motivations which serve well in the natur... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What happens if the US President goes insane and orders the military to do something unprecedentedly immoral? | [
"If the president were actually crazy, then the 25th Amendment is the plan you are looking for. The most relevant part reads: > Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the P... | [
"Essentially the Republicans are telling Iran that any nuclear agreement made with the Obama administration will be deemed null and void after the next US election (presumably if the Republicans win a majority). What is so serious is that The Republicans are trying to undermine the government in the most flagrant a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Politics:"
} |
How does “after hours trading” work? | [
"afterhours trading is open to anyone, its not unfair to anyone. there are no market makers, so things can be less liquid, it requires a buyer and seller to agree to a single price and the transaction is executed by a computer. In reality, the vast majority of trades are done this way anyway, market makers get inv... | [
"Insiders have to publicly announce their intentions to buy and sell stock well in advance (3 or 6 months?)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is there a limit on how large planets can be? | [
"The pressure at the core increases with the size of the planet. If it gets large enough to start fusing elements it will become a star rather than a planet."
] | [
"Not necessarily. But most of the larger ones do. Because that's just where all the mass goes. The same reason the sun is in the middle of the solar system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What happens when food "runs right through me?" | [
"No. Your digestive system 'speeds up' to get what it considers bad food through you as soon as possible. But it's still first-in-first-out. You start by getting rid of the food you ate several hours ago."
] | [
"What's the point in eating if I just poop most of it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is there such a stigma against smoking tobacco in the US? | [
"Enough people complained. There's no conspiracy here. Tobacco costs our healthcare system [billions](_URL_0_). Also, it's fucking annoying to us non-smokers."
] | [
"It could be because your question is too vague. Are you talking about here in America? in the entire world? and what drugs? this could be anything from China banning opium because the British empire was using it to drain their economy and decimate their population, to America instituting smoked opium bans in the l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about History:"
} |
When a Tv series is on do they write it season by season or do they have the whole show already written? | [
"That depends on the show. Some shows may have multiple seasons planned out in advance with very detailed storyboards already drawn up. Some may make detailed plans only one season at a time, with future seasons left to a more flexible framework. Some write seasons, arcs, or even individual episodes as one-shots. S... | [
"when you make three 30 minutes shows you expect there to be a delay between when people watch each episode. Often times (before Netflix) this was because the episodes were created one at a time, and released when they were done. Often releasing one episode per week. If there is a delay you story telling needs to a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What's the difference between normal plastic and microwavable plastic? | [
"All plastic containers that bare the microwavable safe logo have gone through fda testing so see if the plastic when heated with and without food leaks chemicals. So when the fda tests the plastic it can only \"leak\" a certain amount of Chemical in to the food. As far as if your asking about why some melt and ot... | [
"1) Plastic is cheaper than glass. Plastic is also much more durable. 2) The substances stored in plastic are known not to react with the plastic bottles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The take a penny, leave a penny system | [
"There's no real \"system\" with any organized rules. It's simply a tray where people leave loose pennies. There aren't enough pennies in the tray that grabbing them all would actually be worth any significant value, so nobody bothers. But it's good for someone whose bill comes out to $10.03 or something - they can... | [
"If they sell you on the idea having the chance to win the jackpot then end up not throwing that ticket into the open world, to my understanding, that would be a form a false advertisement"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why shotguns cannot fire in a straight line like other firearms. | [
"Shotguns fire a barrage of small projectiles that are susceptible to interference from outside forces, like air resistance, and the fragmentary nature of the shot means energy is overall wasted compared to a jacketed bullet. The strength of a shotgun is in the numbers, with hundreds of little shells spreading the ... | [
"The word 'gun' is from the old norse 'Gunnr' via Gunnrhildr [Battlebabe], a giant ballista. Traditionally therefore a Gun was any siege weapon. In a modern military context, a 'gun' is any firearm that you can't hold in your hands. It's kept largely the same meaning, but we no longer think of ballistae as guns. Co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do carbonated drinks burn your nose when you burp? | [
"The short answer is CO2+H2O < -- > H2CO3 < -- > HCO3^- + H^+ So, when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms small amounts of carbonic acid. Acid tends to activate sour taste receptors, which gives carbonated water its refreshing mild tartness. In adequate concentrations, acid can also irritate mucosal membra... | [
"Pour a bunch of sugar on a piece of paper. Put the sugar and paper in your mouth and chew it. Once you don't taste any more sugar, spit the paper out. Do you think you just consumed some calories even though you didn't eat any paper? The answer is yes. Same concept applies to gum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is no mouth CPR what everyone is told to do now? | [
"The breaths aren't worth doing. Keeping the heart pumping (doing the compressions) is far more important. This is because while people will lose consciousness from carbon dioxide build up in a couple of minutes, the average person actually has enough oxygen in their blood to stay alive for for a while (nearly 20 m... | [
"Humans only use a few percent of the oxygen in the air we breathe in, so what you breathe out still has a fair amount of oxygen in it. And this amount is still going to be greater than what would be in their lungs after a minute or two of no air circulation, at which point where there would be a lot of CO2 and ver... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and First Aid:"
} |
the laws of war and why countries should care about them. | [
"The laws of war are a body of treaties and customs for how war is conducted including what weapons may be used, what is a legal target, how prisoners of war should be treated, etc. While wars inherently involve violence and suffering, the laws of war try to limit unnecessary suffering. Countries should care about ... | [
"It is very possible that tactics used then were new and are still used today in the same secret way. Thus they do n9t want to let them free."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Is flowing water harder to freeze in frigid temperatures? Why? | [
"Still water can freeze at the surface, indeed because water around freezing is less dense than water at 4C, it almost has to. Flowing water must chill the whole body of water to 0C, which takes** much** longer."
] | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:"
} |
Why can't we domesticate other wild animals? | [
"We potentially could. But domestication is a process of many many generations that involves changes at the genetic level. In other words, it takes a lot of effort and a long time. You have to have storage for the animals and their care and feeding, you have to guide their reproduction through generations, waiting ... | [
"There used to be lots of different types of humans too. Most died off on their own. Some we may have killed off. But just so you know, all cats are one species. Same with dogs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
If cars running on hydrogen became more common wouldn't it increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere and cause more rain? | [
"Conceivably, yes, but keep in mind that gasoline and diesel also produce a large amount of water when they are burned--ever seen the exhaust of a car on a cold morning? That's the moisture in the exhaust showing up as fog briefly before it dissipates, much like when you see your breath in the same conditions."
] | [
"Nothing could cause the atmosphere to \"pop like a balloon\", because there's nothing to pop. There's no barrier holding the atmosphere in. The reason it doesn't escape into space is because of gravity holding it down. Adding gas to the atmosphere would cause it to get denser, increasing atmospheric pressure, but ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why don't dogs acknowledge/recognize themselves in the mirror? | [
"What you're talking about is \"the mirror test.\" It takes a certain amount of intelligence to look in a mirror and recognize that it is a reflection rather than just another space. Those animals are also able to recognize a reflection as themselves. Only a few animals pass the mirror test. Humans, chimpanzees, go... | [
"in all seriousness, maybe dogs don't like the smell of our breath."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When in an air crash, like the Malaysia passenger jet, what specifically is it that kills you? | [
"Blunt force trauma, in the absence of other injuries, such as vaporization or disintegration. Specifically, the sudden change in velocity caused by a close range explosive (such as a missile) or by impact with the ground causes sudden tremendous pressure on all of the blood vessels in the body. This will cause rup... | [
"What about the 5 Americans who were on the jet? Or all of the American resources (satellites, Navy, Merchant Marines) that are in use to find it? Or the American company that makes a lot of jets that can't find one now? What about the sheer interesting factor that a jet up and disappeared with 239 people on it? Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why cant words just be spelled phonetically? | [
"Because: * Pronunciation changes overtime * Pronunciation changes by region/class/etc. * Changing the spelling of root/loan words in many ways makes the language more difficult. It helps that all of the Greek words with \"Chi\" in them have that characteristic \"Ch\" spelling. English in particular is very non-pho... | [
"Because British accents sound foreign yet understandable to american audiences."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What are the effects of ingesting too much extracts (like vanilla)? | [
"Extracts like that aren't \"like\" normal alcohol - they *are* alcohol. [Ethanol](_URL_0_) (or ethyl alcohol) is the alcohol in every alcoholic beverage. It's also pure alcohol, at 200 proof (before the extract thins it out some) So, your half-ounce was exactly like drinking a half shot of (at the least) 151 rum. ... | [
"No, but it also contains 25g of sugar per 8 oz, which is roughly the same amount of sugar that's in Coke. Take a vitamin and drink some water instead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does toothpaste on iphone scratches work? | [
"Toothpaste contains abrasives hard enough to polish out scratches in many materials, even glass. It works like other polishing compounds, but with minty fresh scent."
] | [
"If you encase your cellphone in a ziploc will you still be able to hear it ring inside? Waterproof does not mean soundproof."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is my internet speed 40 Mbps, but files only download at 2-4 Mbps | [
"It's extremely likely that you're conflating M**b**ps (mega**bits** per second) with M**B**ps (mega**bytes** per second). Based on the numbers you gave, it looks like your internet connection is 40 Mbps, and you're downloading at 4 MBps, which is 32 Mbps."
] | [
"1.32 M**b**/s. Mb/s = Megabits per second. MB/s = Mega*bytes* per second. 8 megabits = 1 megabyte. 1.32 Mb/s means 165 KB/s. 0.53 Mb/s means 66 KB/s. That's an upper limit, you should expect slightly less than that. If you're downloading at 150 KB/s, then that's normal for your connection. At your upload speed, up... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Internet speed and service:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Internet speed and service:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Internet speed and service:"
} |
If college education at public institutions became free of charge (to students) what happens to private institutions? | [
"Realistically, not much. Cost to attend is rarely the barrier that prevents people from going to college; student loans are easy to get (though the true \"cost\" of these is an entirely different discussion). Moreover, in-state tuition for most public universities is very low - [UT Austin is only $10k a year in-st... | [
"In contrast to many countries in Europe the US doesn't directly subsidize college education. While it offers many grants and loan programs students are still required to purchase it at its full price. This, coupled with more students and expensive extra curricular facilities/services makes college very expensive.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If I own 10% of a company do I get 10% of the profit it generates? | [
"No you don't. Those profits belong to the company, not to you. The directors of the company might decide to pay dividends out of those profits. If they do, then you should get 10% of all of the dividends that the company pays out."
] | [
"Two ways: 1. The value of those shares could go up in the future and you could resell them at a higher price than you bought them. 2. Many companies pay a dividend where they give a small amount of money to every person who owns a share of the company's stock."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes airplane turbulence in a completely clear sky? | [
"Turbulence is caused when different currents of air mix, causing pressure differences in the air and thus affecting flight through it. This doesn't always form clouds or other detectable formation, called clear air turbulence."
] | [
"Wind sheer, humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressures, storm systems near by, pollution levels, convection, the jet stream, and altitude. Amount other things. Its why no two clouds seem to ever be identical."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
When airplanes taxi, do they propel themselves like cars, or do they use their propellers? | [
"They use their propellers (or turbine engines, for jet aircraft). The wheels are not powered as in a car."
] | [
"It doesn't matter where the wheels are, which way they are going, or how fast they are going. Wind has to be passing over the wings at a minimum speed to create flight. If you replaced a treadmill with a wind tunnel you could get a stationary flying plane. A plane on a treadmill with engines off will move backwar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What happens to the illegal items that the police and military seize? | [
"They either get destroyed, kept as evidence, returned to the rightful owner, or auctioned off."
] | [
"If we stop paying the fee, the terrorists win."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
The water crisis in Michigan | [
"Flint used to get water from Detroit (which gets the water from Lake Huron). Politicians wanted to save money and use the Flint River instead. Despite a study that said it was not a good idea, they got switched to Flint River water. The Flint River was a lot more corrosive than Lake Huron. This leeched a LOT of l... | [
"It's a big country. Really big. In the middle of an industrial revolution. It's being reported more since the big one in Tianjin (just like killings by police are being reported more in the US)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why during a Cold, when I’m sitting my nose feels blocked/congested but as soon as I stand up and start walking...magic happens... and my nose passages goes back to normal. | [
"Blockages in your nose are mostly due to the membranes in your nose swelling up from infection. That swelling comes from your blood vessels dilating and sending more blood to the site of the infection (since that's how many of your immune system's defences get around your body). When you're at rest, your body can ... | [
"contrary to popular belief, your nose doesn't get clogged with snot, it gets clogged by the blood vessels expanding...so blowing your nose a lot does not clear it. I always thought laying on one side relived pressure on the other allowing me to have at least one working nostril. Failing that, lying on my back but ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:"
} |
Why do hawks / other winged killing machines get bullied by birds they could easily kill (or more specifically, why do they allow it?) | [
"My search turned up this answer: _URL_0_ The gist seems to be that it's not worth the energy/effort to fight back except in certain circumstances"
] | [
"Flying, particularly take off and landing, is energy expensive. It costs them less to go very short distances by walking, so they do so. As for why they don't afraid of anything, cars and humans look nothing like the predators that naturally hunt them, so they don't fear them. If you had just kept going forward sl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Animals:"
} |
Why are many military terms not pronounced as anything close to the word? | [
"[Many of these words to come to us from French](_URL_0_), explaining their odd pronounciation. Why French? It was not only the language of educated people and diplomacy during the 18th and 19th centuries but they were a major military power during a period in which military tactics were rapidly changing due to the... | [
"Well this is mainly a critique on english for starters. The reason this is the case is because English is a very organic language and stuff like vowel shifts happened without any centralized authority telling them to. Now we are stuck with it because of how used we are to seeing all of those sounds on one letter a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Apart from poisonous spiders it seems like nobody is deathly allergic to regular spider bites, unlike bee stings which many people are allergic to. | [
"FYI, spiders are venomous, not poisonous. If it was the other way around, we'd be eagerly awaiting for Marvel's new movie, Poison, instead of Venom."
] | [
"You have an allergic reaction to something when your immune system incorrectly identifies it as a threat. As everyone is different, and has different immune systems and different exposure histories, they have different reactions to different things. It's currently understood that early exposure to peanuts as an in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
} |
Why is poker considered a sport? | [
"It's a game that gets broadcast on a sports network."
] | [
"Poker is actually more a game of strategy than luck and yes, there are professionals in poker. *Edit: The more strategy you use the less luck you need"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What are Lagrangian Points and how are they used? | [
"There's a lot of answers here that do a great job of explaining what Lagrange points are, so I'm not going to repeat any of that. Instead, I haven't seen anyone mentioning stability (sorry if I missed you!) Basically the L1, L2, and L3 points are unstable equilibria. This means that, while the gravity of the two... | [
"An Exoplanet is a planet that is not in our solar system. The Goldilocks Zone is the zone around a Star that liquid water can exist on a planet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do we add "being" when we say Human Being? | [
"\"Being\" indicates some kind of higher thought processes and consciousness. That's something humans have, but other animals are generally thought to be lacking. So a human is a \"being\", but a dog or a salamander isn't."
] | [
"Relevant/expansion to the question: Why do we make noises when we feel pleasure in general? And pain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Realistically speaking, are there any benefits to continuing an embargo on Cuba? | [
"America has a lot of Cuban refugees and immigrants who were trying to escape Cuba. Many of them were political prisoners. Others just wanted a better life. They held such a gross animosity towards Castro. So they all live in Florida. And, roughly 1/3 of all elections are decided by the Florida swing state. And, al... | [
"Do you have any examples that show the administration is eager to get into a war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it so common for goods to indicate the country they were produced in? (eg, Made in China) | [
"Its not (edit-) \"just\" common. In the US at least it is **legally required**."
] | [
"Part of the problem is that a growing economy means that the workers demand a higher salary, which makes production more expensive. Many companies produce in China because labour is so cheap there. But if it becomes more expensive, companies will start moving to countries that are still as cheap as China used to b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do people from a certain decade all look the same in photos? | [
"Its definitely just the styles. Like, for example, if you see a women with a big bun in her hair and has a sundress on, she may very welk be frim the 50's."
] | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Lifestyle:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Lifestyle:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a space craft use gravity to gain speed. | [
"An object falls at a planet and misses, it gains speed from the fall with no stop from the planets surface"
] | [
"Reducing its kinetic energy would drop it into a lower orbit until the atmosphere deorbits it. Besides to put the energy into it we need to use rocket fuel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If Hamas won the last Palestinian election in 2006, why does wikipedia list the Fatah party as the legitimate party in power? | [
"The internationally recognized government of Palestine is based in the West Bank, and is run by Fatah. There is a second government that does not have international recognition (similar to how there are two Chinese governments) based in Gaza which is run by Hamas."
] | [
"You do realize that at least Israel is one of the most moderate states in the Middle East. Would you like to support Syria instead? Which gasses its own citizens, oppresses women and is under a harsh dictatorship. Unfortunately, the only moderate state in the Middle East, happens to be Israel, Turkey, and Oman. Ad... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If L Ron Hubbard was such an experienced Sci Fi writer prior to Scientology, why are the themes in Scientology often a bit "goofy" even from a realistic science fiction standpoint | [
"\"Experienced\" does not necessarily mean \"good\". Hubbard has never been considered a particularly good writer by most people who read sci fi, except for scientologists who, admittedly, have to be brainwashed into thinking it. He was creative, sure, but that also doesn't mean you're actually good. But hey, peopl... | [
"By now it is pretty much fiction, but the reader is supposed to go in with attitude that everything is real and the writers are only supposed to write stuff that sounds moderately real and plausible. This tacit agreement gives it the creepy vibe without going off to one extreme (dull stories) or the other (obvious... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
For non-Americans - What is thanksgiving, and why is it important? Why is a harvest holiday so important, even among non-farmers? Why is it considered a very seriously bad thing for someone to eat alone on the day? | [
"There is some historical meaning to thanksgiving. But I wont get into that because it is hardly relevant and in my opinion has no effect on why people value the holiday today. Thanksgiving is just a day when families put down whatever they are doing, and put aside whatever issues they have with each other and eat ... | [
"It's supposed to be a national holiday when you spend time with family and be generally thankful. If there's shopping, then there are businesses that are open. If businesses are open, that means there are people being forced to work on this day when they are supposed to be spending time with their family. And to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is this odd feeling I have before falling asleep called? | [
"[\"Hypnagogia\"](_URL_0_) is the term you are looking for. It's harmless, don't worry."
] | [
"And why don't I need it when I fall asleep on the couch?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Science:"
} |
Why do we get carsick? And why does sitting in the front seat make the nausea go away nearly instantaneously? | [
"Car sickness happens when what you're looking at doesn't match up with the motion being reported by your inner ear. For example, you're looking at a book, which your eyes tell you isn't moving, but your inner ear reports that you're moving forward, with some slight jostling left and right and maybe a few bumps in ... | [
"A migraine feels like a hangover with a throbbing headache thrown in for good measure. When having one I have a lot of trouble focusing on anything and just want to shut myself in a dark room and sleep. It can last anywhere from a few hours to a few days and vary in intensity from a minor annoyance to truly debili... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's holding us back from utilizing a breathalyzer-like test for THC? | [
"THC is much less volatile (it doesn't form vapors easily) than alcohol and is unlikely to make it across the blood-gas barrier in the lungs to be exhaled in breath. It also probably spends less time in the blood stream than alcohol, but I don't really know that. I am only saying that because I know it is much more... | [
"It's easier, cheaper, and faster to access a firearm than it is to access medical or psychological care."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does food taste cold at room temperature and drinks taste warm at room temperature? | [
"Perspective. You're used to eating food that is supposed to be warm, warm. If it's not, you think \"not warm\" = cold. When the water isn't ice cold, you only notice what's lacking, so you think warm."
] | [
"For the same reason we prefer drinking cold water to warm water. It makes no difference, but we prefer the taste/feel of cold water in our mouths."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Language and culture:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and culture:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Language and culture:"
} |
Why does a mirror, which is the same in all directions across its surface, reverse left and right but not up and down? | [
"What gives you that idea. Face a mirror. Raise you left hand. The image you face raises the hand to your left. Yes if you thought it was a person facing you then you would say it is their right hand. But it is you and it is your left hand."
] | [
"Blurry because far. A mirror preserves the angles of light which strikes it, and simply redirects it. So as far as your eyes are concerned, a mirror is a window through which you are viewing the reflected object. So the distance to a reflected object is the distance from your eyes, to the mirror, to the object. S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
How do people's bodies accommodate very long items being put up the anus? (NSFW) | [
"1. its a relatively straight (or straightenable) shot up your butt and through your colon. 2. that part of you is expandy. 3. your organs are very, very moveable...yes. This is how you can do things like twist and bend and scrunch and be punched and squeezed. And...how you can shove things up your ass, apparentl... | [
"Great question! My instinct is no and media accounts concur _URL_1_ The truth is there are plenty of other disgusting things that we put in or near our mucous membranes (areas like the mouth or vagina where it's easier to \"catch\" something)... like the kitchen sponge. I have never used an ass gasket (never even ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do iPhones and Louis Vuitton bags' prices are standard all over the world yet medicine prices vary extremely worldwide? | [
"Because drugs are very heavily regulated relative to consumer products."
] | [
"Wine and cheese are pretty common and basic items so the demand for them is pretty stable through time. They look at their previous sales and current demand, look at population growth, and then predict how much wine will be in demand in say 10 years. Unless something major happens there is no reason for wine and c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
America has a gun crime rate orders of magnitude larger than Europe, why are weapons not banned? | [
"Guns don't kill people, people kill people. We have more guns per person in Canada but a tiny fraction of gun-related crime. Americans get really mad about any restriction on their guns and no politician wants to ruin their voter base by restricting or removing an American's right to guns. The US's violent crime... | [
"Most European cops don't carry guns because there's a lot less guns there compared to America, where the citizenry are armed to the teeth. Also American cops are just generally more aggressive here. It's not just shootings. There's more police brutality of all kinds in America than in Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is a week made up of seven days? | [
"The seven day week is chosen because of the 28-day lunar cycle. Every 28 days, there is a new moon, which is really visible - when you first see a moon at sunset. This makes dividing time into lunar months obvious (By the way - moon/month. Yes, that's where the word comes from.) Dividing that lunar cycle into 4 ju... | [
"I don't know about Monday being the first day of the week. It's moreso the first day of the workweek, and why its treated like the first day of the week probably originates with that. In fact, in Vietnamese, Sunday is literally translated to \"First day\" and Monday is \"Day two\" and so on for the rest of the day... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why the British pound is still the strongest currency | [
"What do you mean by \"strong\"? Usually \"strong\" just means that people think it's doing well. Doing well usually means people think that it's useful to have their money in it. Often because the economy behind it is strong, stable, or important. In other words, \"strong\" isn't a very accurate term. It basically... | [
"It's not beneficial to every country to have a global currency. One country's failing economy will make it bad for every other country using the same currency."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a hash of a file (i.e. an MD5 checksum) be much smaller than the file itself, yet still be unique to the file from which it was generated? | [
"It’s not unique at all. Most of the time, there are files that have the same hash, it’s called a [collision](_URL_1_)."
] | [
"The key difference is that something that has been encrypted can be decrypted and the exactly same original message can be restored. Encryption is used when you want to make something unreadable but also want to be able to restore the data from this unreadable state. When something is hashed, the created hash is o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it that people with intellectual disability can paint or play instruments extremely well? | [
"I really doubt that there's a statistical relevance to this. I.e. intellectual disability doesn't inherently make a person better at musical instruments. I don't see how it could. But in news they tend to use sensational stories, and it's more out-of-ordinary for a disabled person to play an instrument well, than ... | [
"It's really the other way round: art is things that are specifically designed to engage our brain in some way. If they don't, the artist failed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
WHY don't cats like water / getting wet? | [
"Just depends on the cat. I have 4, some who like water, some who don't. Biologically speaking, domestic house cats do not have waterproof oil on their fur (nor do that have a buoyant coat or warm undercoat), so unlike a dog like a Labrador, the cold water actually reaches their skin, chilling them. Most cats don'... | [
"in all seriousness, maybe dogs don't like the smell of our breath."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why different alcoholic beverages illicit a different response | [
"In my experience, while I know anecdotes are not permitted, the only difference in alcohol for me is the strength and speed of drinking. Ethanol gets you drunk period and strong stuff does it faster. However, our sense of smell and taste are pretty heavily wired to our memories, and we tend to have preferred drink... | [
"The bible points to inebriation as a problem, with drunkenness as the clear example. Many medicinal drugs don't alter your state of mind, but pot and similar recreational drugs do. The aversion to these kinds of drugs from people who adhere to the bible comes from the biblical criticism of inebriation"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about alcohol and behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about alcohol and behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does a bone Put itself back together, after being broken? | [
"The bone isn't dead. This is a common misconception, but your bones are constantly being broken down and rebuilt. When you break a bone, first the blood vessels clot. Then fibroblasts (special kinds of cells) produces cartilage to sort of glue the bone back together and make sure it's halfway solid. Then osteoblas... | [
"Cracking the bones but not moving them far enough to cut the nerves will not kill you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The American university system | [
"The Ivy League is a historically prestigious collection of 8 universities in the Northeastern US. You do not have to be rich to get in, but in most cases you have to be exceptional academically. Basically, they are the American counterparts to Oxford and Cambridge."
] | [
"There is but it's for males vs females Title IX"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
my parents were just on a cruise of the orient where their ship was required to disable wifi while in Japanese territorial water. Can anybody explain to me the logic of this? | [
"I just looked this up and it appears that Japan charges hefty fees for using internet on large ships in it's territorial waters. Some cruise lines, simply opt to not use it in Japanese waters so they don't have to pay fees. Here's a [thread](_URL_0_) on it if you're curious to know more."
] | [
"People who manage to escape, people who sneak it, people inside getting access to the internet etc. While they do a great job at it, its pretty much impossible to keep a whole nation cut off from the world like North Korea tries to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the relationship between FtM transsexuals and periods? | [
"If the uterus and ovaries are removed during gender reassignment surgery it ceases to be an issue."
] | [
"Someone with a boy body and a boy brain who dresses like a girl when he feels like it is a transvestite. People will dress up like another gender for all sorts of reasons even if they don't think of themselves as that gender. Some do it for fun or sexual kinks, like Dr. Frank N Furter from *The Rocky Horror Pictur... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do people with much different accents than mine seem more charming? | [
"Social status and media influence. Ever wonder how nobody thinks the Indian or Asian accent is sexy in english? Media told you Aussie accents are sexy and Indian accents are comedy accents. Look at Russian accents....women speaking? Sexy....man speaking? Gangster or not sexy.....at least in the USA. No surprise...... | [
"I don't think that's a given. Perhaps the inability to communicate makes it harder to sympathize with what they're saying. But I know personally I don't perceive foreign language speakers to be less intelligent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
- How is sleepwalking possible | [
"I'm afraid I don't know much about sleepwalking, but I can tell you that sleep paralysis does not occur for the entirety of your sleep cycle."
] | [
"The answer you are looking for and the answer the others are ignoring is; yes, there is a psychological element to thirst satiation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is bowling alley smell? | [
"A cross between the disinfectant they use on the shoes and the bowling alley wax. It's almost intoxicating if you like bowling. Odds are though that the bowling alley wax is the biggest culprit, as it gets on your hands whenever you grab your ball for your turn."
] | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does Einstein's equation explain the big bang? | [
"It does not. Einstein made some extremely important contributions to physics, but predicting the Big Bang was not among them."
] | [
"The way we know it's expanding, we've looked in the sky, seen bits of the universe getting away from each other (Because of the expansion of the univers) . we calculated the speed and the accelerations at which those bits are getting away. Now if you assume the expansion is a result of the big bang you can make an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Astronomy:"
} |
Why Freelancers(self-employed) has to pay more tax in United States? | [
"Employers pay half of the social security and medicare taxes (the thing listed as FISA on your paystub.) When you are self employed, you pay the half that your employer would pay if you had an employer."
] | [
"1. Investment banking (mega-banks) 2. Fees (account maintenance, overdraft) 3. Debit cards (1.5% for every transaction) 4. Fractional Reserve Lending 5. Wealth management"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What does it mean scientifically, to be out of shape when you aren't significantly overweight or underweight? | [
"Basically it's the ability for the heart to pump oxygen rich blood around. Not fit= not good a pumping blood around. Fit= good at pumping blood around. When your heart is effective at its job, it's moving more blood with less beats. When you get 'fit' you are training your heart to be better at its job. Bigger (to... | [
"> Is it possible to be healthily overweight this is a tough question because of how we usually decide whats \"overweight\". If you have a lot of muscle you will technically be overweight, but will still be \"healthy\". The simplest answer is that excess fat will put unneeded stress on someones bodies cutting life ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The US raised the debt-ceiling, again. Is there a point where the rising debt will have an effect on government solvency or could the US theoretically raise it forever? | [
"As long as government revenues keep pace with debt obligations there's no real cutoff point. So long as the government can continue to service the debt there's no reason it can't continue increasing indefinitely. Remember that inflation devalues the debt as time goes on. So if the government issues debt at 1.5% ov... | [
"The majority of Treasuries are held by private individuals or corporations, or by the U.S. government itself. As far as I am aware, foreign governments to not hold a significant share of the debt, but foreign central banks account for a large chunk. If those central banks decided no longer to buy U.S. Treasuries, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do shorter and linear games like Wolfenstein: The New Order take up 44.55 GBs, where massive open world games like GTA 5 take up only around 16? | [
"It's not the length or girth of the game that matter, it's the assets."
] | [
"The cost to produce each disk is tiny- less than a dollar. So almost all of the cost of the game is dividing up the cost of development among all the copies sold. The more copies of the game you sell, the cheaper you can make each one. GoldenEye, one of the most popular Nintendo 64 games ever, sold 8 million copie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If taking steroids at age 19 would risk me messing up my hormonal system for life, why is it safe for 14 year old girls to be on the pill? Aren't both of them basically hormones? | [
"Hormones aren't equal in effect on your body. Some would be perfectly normal to take, others would kill you. Your question is basically the same as asking \"I can eat salt and it's fine. So why would Mercury kill me? Aren't they both just chemicals?\""
] | [
"The side effects of steroid use can be terrible. Mood swings, back acne, testicles shrinking, and hair loss among others. Shouldn't be a much simpler explanation of the disadvantage of steroid usage than ball shrinking!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there military batallions called something like "954th Tank Batallion" even though the whole army only has 20 of them? | [
"_URL_0_ So basically, the army creates a division as they are needed during war time. As war dies down and the size of the army is no longer needed, some division get deactivated. They choose which stay active and deactivated based upon the history and glories of that division. It's like how the Space Marine chapt... | [
"While I can't speak for the Yugoslavic army, in the US military the unit you are with is a historic unit, often dating back hundreds of years. Units used to be a lot smaller, so thus, there were a lot more of them. As units got bigger, they absorbed the other unit based on the rank of the commander. So if I was a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The area of land controlled by Oman that is not directly connected to the main part of the country. | [
"This area, a territory called Musandam, is an enclave (a territory of one nation entirely surrounded by another). The primary reason that Musandam is part of Oman and not the UAE goes back to the history of Oman as a major sea power controlling trade along the eastern coast of Arabia and along the coast of East Af... | [
"When used in the context of being a continent it includes Australia. Otherwise it just refers to a region of islands and not a continent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we use the phrase "Not to mention..." right before we mention something? | [
"It means your point or argument stands on its own without any additional support, but you are going to go ahead and give it anyway."
] | [
"I think people should ask themselves \"do I really need a simple explanation, or do I just want a venue to argue my point?\" before they ask a question here."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does sitting on my ass burn ~2000 calories, but walking 3 miles burns 250? | [
"That's over 24 hours. So that works out to 83 calories an hour. Walking two miles takes about 45 minutes, so that would 333 calories an hour, or 4 times more calories."
] | [
"With almost no amounts of daily exercise, you need about 11x your body weight in calories to maintain your weight, and you need to consume 3500 calories less to loose 1 pound. So your average 180lb man eats around 1980 calories a day, your average 350lb man eats 3850 calories daily. So, if a 350lb man starts only ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
When using the command TRACERT to trace ping to a server/website, why does it make every single IP address available along the way? Isn't that a security risk? | [
"This is literally the purpose of tracert -- to view the path the packet takes to the destination, meaning to view which routers it bounces through. IP addresses aren't actually particularly secret bits of information; they are *addresses*, and are absolutely crucial to send packets. If you operate a router which a... | [
"There are several devices (and software) that can see what you are doing on the network. All you have to do is look at what site is being requested by what IP. So your device gets an IP, lets say 172.16.0.50 and you go to _URL_0_. What we can see on the backside is 172.16.0.50:80 -- > www._URL_0_ To expand further... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can all electrical appliances use the exact same power? | [
"We use a constant voltage system, only the X in your equation is fixed, the Y varies depending on the Resistance Z of the load The current into the load is equal to the voltage across the load (X) divided by the resistance of the load (Z) so Y=X/Z Power still equals X*Y but since YU=X/Z and Z is a parameter of the... | [
"Those sockets are running Direct Current, what the entire power system uses in automobiles. Our Alternating Current devices would not run without converter$."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how can universities demand donations? | [
"You can demand anything you want. Doesn't mean you/they have to do it."
] | [
"the federal govt has no ability to change tutions at private colleges, and as long as people are still attending and paying those tutions, the colleges have no incentive to lower them. protesting would have little or no effect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Education:"
} |
Why do some museums don't let you take photos of the artwork? | [
"Being constantly exposed to bright light can degrade some artworks, especially those made with delicater materials and particularly with softer pigments. For example, if you leave a color picture in the sunlight for years, it will eventually fade, same principle. And its easier to have no photography than no flash... | [
"Photography is allowed sometimes but it's the judge's decision. If the judge says no photos, the next best option is sketches."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is the age minimum for presidency 35? | [
"The early US was a small country, with a small electorate, and the Framers were worried about rapid swings of opinion. A young candidate might attract lots of popularity rapidly, without being at all tested. Also, young candidates tend to have one key credential: powerful fathers. The Framers didn't want political... | [
"In the Middle Ages 21 was considered the age of adulthood because that’s when young men were capable of wearing a full suit of armor. 21 stuck until the 20th century. The need for soldiers for WWII, Korea, and Vietnam wars saw 18 years olds drafted and an outcry that they could serve their country but not vote. Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the difference between a permanent resident and a citizen of the United States | [
"Permanent residents can't vote, have a lot of trouble getting back in the country if they leave for too long, can only have so many relatives come to the US and get visas, and get deported if they break certain laws."
] | [
"the vetting process can take up to two years and it all happens BEFORE the refugee touches US soil."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is it legal for cops to release mugshots? | [
"police budgets are paid for by tax dollars and subject to open their documents for transparency. police and legal proceedings are a matter of public record. anyone can go request public records."
] | [
"They aren't just going to let them get away. But most police departments have policies in regards to police chases to help mitigate risk."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How did circumcision become so popular in times when there were no antibiotics? Wasn't it extremly dangerous? | [
"Well this is what is happening today, so you can guess how horrific it was before antibiotics: **NSFL**: Warning! Horrific photo collection from a Dutch doctor of hundreds of mutilated, amputated and seriously infected penises (many with gangrene) of African boys and men as a result of \"male circumcision\" - ie: ... | [
"Sometimes it's medically necessary due to phimosis, which by definition can only happen to *adult* men. Circumcising infants? Unnecessary and possibly harmful. You evolved with a foreskin for a reason, and no, having one is not \"unhygienic\". Talk of reducing the risk of penile cancer is bogus - penile cancer is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When dreaming, why do my punches seem like they're in slow motion? | [
"Dreams lack the physical feedback you would get in the real world. Activities that involve a lot of physical interaction, like running or punching, often feel unrealistic, because while your brain is sending the command, the tactile feedback is missing."
] | [
"Ok, you know how when that fourth grader with the moustache punches you really hard and gives you a dead arm. This is because the muscles in your arm get very angry when they are hit like that and because of this don't work great for a little while. Well you can imagine that getting the wind knocked out of you is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we say sunlight is nigh-mandatory for life to exist if we assume that most of the unexplored species are deep sea creatures with no sunlight whatsoever? | [
"Most species rely on sunlight by direct or indirect means. The first living creatures most likely came to be because of radiation from sunlight. The unique interaction of cool chemicals and radiation which stimulated a chemical reaction to form the first proto-life would probably never happen in the deep ocean. Si... | [
"You have a good point. You can also ask what can be considered living. We only understand life as it is on earth. Thus we know wat we are looking for on these goldilocks planets. That being said, there may be an object in the middle of a planet that could be classified under our definition of living organisms. Tho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about science:"
} |
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